Table of Contents

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-K

ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

OR

TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE

SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from                      to                     

Commission file number: 1-9260

UNIT CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware

 

73-1283193

(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)   (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000

Tulsa, Oklahoma

 

74136

(Address of principal executive offices)   (Zip Code)

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code) (918) 493-7700

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, par value $.20 per share   NYSE

Rights to Purchase Series A Participating

Cumulative Preferred Stock

  NYSE

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

Yes x     No ¨

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Yes ¨     No x

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes x     No ¨

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.     ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer”, “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer x     Accelerated filer ¨     Non-accelerated filer ¨     Smaller reporting company ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes ¨     No x

As of June 29, 2007, the aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity (based on the closing price of the stock on the New York Stock Exchange on June 29, 2007) held by non-affiliates was approximately $2,097,585,734. Determination of stock ownership by non-affiliates was made solely for the purpose of this requirement, and the registrant is not bound by these determinations for any other purpose.

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date.

 

Class

 

Outstanding at February 15, 2008

Common Stock, $0.20 par value per share   47,141,625 shares

DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE

 

Document

  

Parts Into Which Incorporated

Portions of the registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement (the “Proxy Statement”) with respect to its annual meeting of shareholders scheduled to be held on May 7, 2008.

   Part III

Exhibit Index—See Page 100

 

 

 


Table of Contents

FORM 10-K

UNIT CORPORATION

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page
   PART I   

Item 1.

  

Business

   1

Item 1A.

  

Risk Factors

   16

Item 1B.

  

Unresolved Staff Comments

   28

Item 2.

  

Properties

   28

Item 3.

  

Legal Proceedings

   28

Item 4.

  

Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

   28
   PART II   

Item 5.

   Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities    29

Item 6.

  

Selected Financial Data

   29

Item 7.

  

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation

   30

Item 7A.

  

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

   52

Item 8.

  

Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

   54

Item 9.

  

Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

   91

Item 9A.

  

Controls and Procedures

   91

Item 9B.

  

Other Information

   91
   PART III   

Item 10.

  

Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

   92

Item 11.

  

Executive Compensation

   93

Item 12.

   Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters    94

Item 13.

  

Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

   94

Item 14.

  

Principal Accounting Fees and Services

   94
   PART IV   

Item 15.

  

Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules

   95

Signatures

   99

Exhibit Index

   100


Table of Contents

DEFINITIONS

The following are explanations of some of the terms used in this report.

ARO —Asset retirement obligations.

Bcf —Billion cubic feet of natural gas.

Bcfe —Billion cubic feet of natural gas equivalent. Determined using the ratio of one barrel of crude oil to six Mcf of natural gas.

Bbl —Barrel, or 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume.

BOKF —Bank of Oklahoma Financial Corporation.

Btu —British thermal unit, used in terms of volumes. Btu is used to refer to the amount of natural gas required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit at one atmospheric pressure.

Development drilling —The drilling of a well within the proved area of an oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.

DD&A —Depreciation, depletion and amortization.

FASB —Financial and Accounting Standards Board.

Finding and development costs —Costs associated with acquiring and developing proved natural gas and oil reserves which are capitalized under generally accepted accounting principles, including any capitalized general and administrative expenses.

Gross acres or gross wells —The total acres or wells in which a working interest is owned.

IF —Inside FERC (U.S. Federal Energy Regulatory Commission).

LIBOR —London Interbank Offered Rate.

MBbls —Thousand barrels of crude oil or other liquid hydrocarbons.

Mcf —Thousand cubic feet of natural gas.

Mcfe —Thousand cubic feet of natural gas equivalent. Determined using the ratio of one barrel of crude oil and/or NGLs to six Mcf of natural gas.

MMBbls —Million barrels of crude oil or other liquid hydrocarbons.

MMBtu —Million Btu’s.

MMcf —Million cubic feet of natural gas.

MMcfe —Million cubic feet of natural gas equivalent. Determined using the ratio of one barrel of crude oil and/or NGLs to six Mcf of natural gas.


Table of Contents

DEFINITIONS – (Continued)

Net acres or net wells —The sum of the fractional working interests owned in gross acres or gross wells.

NGLs —Natural gas liquids.

NGPL-TXOK —Natural Gas Pipeline Co. of America/Texok zone.

NYMEX—The New York Mercantile Exchange.

OPIS —Oil Price Information Service.

PEPL —Panhandle East Pipeline Co.

Producing property —A natural gas and oil property with existing production.

Proved developed reserves —Proved reserves that can be expected to be recovered from existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. For additional information, see the SEC’s definition in Rule 4-10(a)(3) of Regulation S-X.

Proved reserves —The estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions. For additional information, see the SEC’s definition in Rule 4-10(a)(2)(i) through (iii) of Regulation S-X.

Proved undeveloped reserves —Proved reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. Reserves on undrilled acreage are limited to those drilling units that offset productive units and that are reasonably certain of production when drilled. For additional information, see the SEC’s definition in Rule 4-10(a)(4) of Regulation S-X.

SARs —Stock appreciation rights.

Undeveloped acreage —Lease acreage on which wells have not been drilled or completed to a point that would permit the production of commercial quantities of natural gas and oil regardless of whether the acreage contains proved reserves.

Well spacing —The regulation of the number and location of wells over an oil or gas reservoir, as a conservation measure. Well spacing is normally accomplished by order of the appropriate regulatory conservation commission.

Workovers —Operations on a producing well to restore or increase production.

WTI —West Texas Intermediate, the benchmark crude oil in the United States.


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UNIT CORPORATION

Annual Report

For The Year Ended December 31, 2007

PART I

 

Item 1. Business

Unless otherwise indicated or required by the context, as used in this report, the terms “corporation”, “company”, “Unit”, “us”, “our”, “we” and “its” refer to Unit Corporation and, as appropriate, Unit Corporation and/or one or more of its subsidiaries.

Our executive offices are at 7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136; our telephone number is (918) 493-7700. In addition to our executive offices, we have offices in Houston, Humble, Borger, Booker, Midland, Pampa and Weatherford, Texas; Casper, Wyoming; Oklahoma City, Panola and Woodward, Oklahoma; and Denver, Colorado.

Information regarding our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and any amendments to these reports, will be made available in print, free of charge, to any shareholder who request them, or at our internet website at www.unitcorp.com, as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file these reports with or furnish them to the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Materials we file with the SEC may be read and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F. Street, N.E. Room 1580, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet website at www.sec.gov that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding our company that we file electronically with the SEC.

In addition, we post on our Internet website, www.unitcorp.com , copies of the various corporate governance documents that we have adopted. We may from time to time provide important disclosures to investors by posting them in the investor relations section of our website, as allowed by SEC rules. Information regarding our corporate governance guidelines and code of ethics, and the charters of our Board's Audit, Compensation and Nomination and Governance Committees, are available free of charge on our website listed above or in print to any shareholder who request them.

GENERAL

We were founded in 1963 as a contract drilling company. Today, our operations are generally conducted through our three principal wholly owned subsidiaries:

 

   

Unit Drilling Company—which drills onshore oil and natural gas wells for our own account and for others (land contract drilling),

 

   

Unit Petroleum Company—which explores, develops, acquires and produces oil and natural gas properties for our own account (oil and natural gas exploration), and

 

   

Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C.—which buys, sells, gathers, processes and treats natural gas for our own account and for third parties (mid-stream).

 

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The following table provides certain information about us as of February 15, 2008:

 

Number of drilling rigs

      129

Completed gross wells in which we own an interest

   7,631

Number of natural gas treatment plants

          4

Number of processing plants

          8

Number of natural gas gathering systems

        36

States in which our principal operations are located

   Oklahoma, Texas,
Louisiana, Wyoming,

Utah, New Mexico,

Colorado and Montana

At various times, and from time to time, each of these three principal subsidiaries may conduct operations through subsidiaries of their own.

 

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2007 HIGHLIGHTS

Unit Drilling Company

 

   

Added nine drilling rigs through the acquisition of a privately owned drilling company in June 2007 and three drilling rigs were constructed during the year.

 

   

Averaged an 80% utilization rate.

Unit Petroleum Company

 

 

 

For the 24 th consecutive year it replaced more than 150% of its annual production with new oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves by replacing approximately 171% of its 2007 oil, NGLs and natural gas production.

 

   

Attained net proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves of 514.6 Bcfe, an 8% increase over its proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves at the end of 2006.

Superior Pipeline Company

 

   

Completed the installation of three natural gas processing plants, increasing processing capacity by approximately 90% from 50 MMcf per day to 95 MMcf per day.

 

   

Completed the construction of three new gathering systems, including one system with a 5 MMcf per day processing plant.

 

   

Added an additional 78 miles of pipeline, which is an approximate 13% increase and connected an additional 56 new wells to its gathering systems.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT SEGMENTS

See Note 14 of our Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report for information with respect to each segment’s revenues, profits or losses and total assets.

 

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LAND CONTRACT DRILLING

General.     Our land contract drilling business is conducted through Unit Drilling Company and its two subsidiaries Unit Texas Drilling L.L.C. and Leonard Hudson Drilling Co., Inc. Through these companies we drill onshore natural gas and oil wells for our own account as well as for a wide range of other oil and natural gas companies. Our operations are mainly located in the Oklahoma and Texas areas of the Anadarko and Arkoma Basins, the North Texas Barnett Shale, the Texas and Louisiana Gulf Coast, East Texas and the Rocky Mountain regions of Wyoming, Colorado, Utah and Montana.

The table below identifies certain information concerning our land contract drilling operations:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Number of drilling rigs owned at end of period

     129.0       117.0       112.0  

Average number of drilling rigs owned during period

     123.8       114.0       105.2  

Average number of drilling rigs utilized

     99.4       109.0       102.1  

Utilization rate (1)

     80 %     96 %     97 %

Average revenue per day (2)

   $ 17,291     $ 17,574     $ 12,401  

Total footage drilled (feet in 1,000’s)

     10,453       11,461       10,815  

Number of wells drilled

     996       1,033       980  

 

(1) Utilization rate is determined by dividing the average number of drilling rigs used by the average number of drilling rigs owned during the period.

 

(2) Represents the total revenues from our contract drilling operations divided by the total number of days our drilling rigs were used during the period.

Description and Location of Our Drilling Rigs.     A land drilling rig consists, in part, of engines, drawworks or hoists, derrick or mast, substructure, pumps to circulate the drilling fluid, blowout preventers and drill pipe. As a result of the normal wear and tear of operating 24 hours a day, several of the major components of a drilling rig, such as engines, mud pumps and drill pipe, must be replaced or rebuilt on a periodic basis. Other components, such as the substructure, mast and drawworks, can be used for extended periods of time with proper maintenance. We also own additional equipment used in the operation of our drilling rigs, including large air compressors, trucks and other support equipment.

The maximum depth capacities of our various drilling rigs range from 5,000 to 40,000 feet. In 2007, 124 of our 129 drilling rigs performed contract drilling services.

The following table shows certain information about our drilling rigs (including their distribution) as of February 8, 2008:

 

Region

   Contracted
Rigs
   Non-Contracted
Rigs
   Total
Rigs
   Average
Rated
Drilling
Depth (ft)

Anadarko Basin Oklahoma

   22    4    26    17,900

Panhandle of Texas

   37    2    39    14,263

Arkoma Basin

   14    1    15    15,833

East Texas and Gulf Coast

   11    6    17    18,235

North Texas Barnett Shale

   4    3    7    11,714

Rocky Mountains

   16    9    25    17,280
                   

Totals

   104    25    129    16,120
                   

 

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At present, we do not have a shortage of drilling rig related equipment. However, at any given time, our ability to use all of our drilling rigs is dependent on a number of conditions, including the availability of qualified labor, drilling supplies and equipment as well as demand. Demand for our drilling rigs increased throughout 2005 and our utilization rate remained above 95% throughout the first three quarters of 2006. In the fourth quarter of 2006 and throughout 2007, demand for our drilling rigs declined to the point that as of December 2007 our utilization rate was approximately 80%. Despite this decrease in demand, we continue to experience certain difficulties in finding qualified labor to work on our drilling rigs. If demand for our drilling rigs increases above 80% and the industry rig count grows, we expect competition for qualified labor to continue which will result in higher operating costs.

The following table shows the average number of our drilling rigs working by quarter for the years indicated:

 

     2007    2006    2005

First quarter

   96.8    108.6    99.3

Second quarter

   97.9    110.3    100.3

Third quarter

   100.3    110.6    102.6

Fourth quarter

   102.7    106.7    106.2

Drilling Rig Fleet.     The following table summarizes the changes to our drilling rig fleet during 2007. A more complete discussion of these changes follows the table:

 

Drilling rigs owned at December 31, 2006

   117

Drilling rigs purchased during 2007

   9

Drilling rigs constructed during 2007

   3
    

Total drilling rigs owned at December 31, 2007

   129
    

Acquisitions and Construction.     In June 2007, we acquired a privately owned drilling company operating primarily in the Texas Panhandle. This acquisition included nine drilling rigs ranging from 800 to 1,000 horsepower. Eight of the nine drilling rigs were operational immediately after the purchase; the last drilling rig is being refurbished and is anticipated to become operational during March of 2008. During the first six months of 2007, we completed the construction of two 1,500 horsepower drilling rigs for approximately $19.4 million and placed one of them into each of our Rocky Mountain and Anadarko divisions. In the fourth quarter of 2007, we completed the construction of a third 1,500 horsepower drilling rig for an estimated $12.0 million which was also moved into our Rocky Mountain division. The addition of these drilling rigs brought our drilling rig fleet to 129 at December 31, 2007.

During 2007, we paid approximately $16.0 million for the purchase of major components to be used in the construction of two 1,500 horsepower drilling rigs. These two new drilling rigs are anticipated to be placed in service sometime during the second quarter of 2008.

Drilling Contracts.     Our drilling contracts are generally obtained through competitive bidding on a well by well basis. Contract terms and payment rates vary depending on the type of contract used, the duration of the work, the equipment and services supplied and other matters. We pay certain operating expenses, including the wages of our drilling personnel, maintenance expenses and incidental drilling rig supplies and equipment. The contracts are usually subject to termination by the customer on short notice and on payment of a fee. Our contracts also contain provisions regarding indemnification against certain types of claims involving injury to persons, property and for acts of pollution. The specific terms of these indemnifications are subject to negotiation on a contract by contract basis.

 

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The type of contract used determines our compensation. Contracts are generally one of three types: daywork; footage; or turnkey. Additional compensation may be acquired for special risks and unusual conditions. Under a daywork contract, we provide the drilling rig with the required personnel and the operator supervises the drilling of the well. Our compensation is based on a negotiated rate to be paid for each day the drilling rig is used. Footage contracts usually require us to bear some of the drilling costs in addition to providing the drilling rig. We are paid on completion of the well at a negotiated rate for each foot drilled. Under turnkey contracts we drill the well to a specified depth for a set amount and provide most of the required equipment and services. We bear the risk of drilling the well to the contract depth and are paid when the contract provisions are completed.

Under turnkey contracts we may incur losses if we underestimate the costs to drill the well or if unforeseen events occur. To date, we have not experienced significant losses in performing turnkey contracts. In 2007, 2006 and 2005, we did not drill any turnkey wells. All of our work in 2007 was under daywork contracts to the exclusion of footage or turnkey contracts. Because market demand for our drilling rigs as well as the desires of our customers determine the types of contracts we use, we cannot predict when and if a part of our drilling will be conducted under footage or turnkey contracts.

Most of our current contracts are not long-term and generally provide for the drilling of one well. We do have some contracts that have terms ranging from one to two years. These longer term contracts may contain a fixed rate for the duration of the contract or provide for the periodic renegotiation of the rate within a specific range from the existing rate.

Customers.     During 2007, Questar Corporation was our largest customer providing approximately 13% of our total contract drilling revenues. No other third party customer accounted for 10% or more of our contract drilling revenues. During 2007, 2006 and 2005, we drilled 77, 72 and 53 wells, respectively, for our exploration and production subsidiary. As required by the SEC, the profit received by our contract drilling subsidiary when we drill wells for our exploration and production subsidiary reduced the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties by $22.7 million, $22.2 million and $8.6 million during 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, rather than being included in our operating profit.

Additional Information.     Further information relating to our contract drilling operations can be found in Notes 2, 3 and 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.

OIL AND NATURAL GAS EXPLORATION

General.     In 1979, we began to develop our exploration and production operations to diversify our contract drilling revenues. Today, our wholly owned subsidiary, Unit Petroleum Company, conducts our exploration and production activities. Our producing oil and natural gas properties, undeveloped leaseholds and related assets are located mainly in Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana and New Mexico and, to a lesser extent, in Arkansas, North Dakota, Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Alabama, Kansas, Mississippi, Michigan and a small portion in Canada.

 

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The following table presents certain information regarding our oil and natural gas operations as of December 31, 2007:

 

               2007 Average
Net Daily Production

Property/Area

   Number
of
Gross
Wells
   Number
of Net
Wells
   Natural
Gas
(Mcf)
   Oil (Bbls)    NGL
(Bbls)

Western division (consists principally of the Rocky Mountain region, New Mexico, Western and Southern Texas and the Gulf Coast region)

   3,181    495.89    36,034    1,434    1,581

East division (consists principally of the Appalachian region, Arkansas, East Texas, Northern Louisiana and Eastern Oklahoma)

   1,002    225.34    43,873    52    9

Central division (consists principally of Kansas, Western Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle)

   3,438    822.40    39,172    1,504    560
                        

Total

   7,621    1,543.63    119,079    2,990    2,150
                        

When we are the operator of a property, we generally attempt to use a drilling rig owned by one of our subsidiaries.

Acquisitions.     On October 13, 2006, we completed the acquisition of Brighton Energy, L.L.C., a privately owned oil and natural gas company. On February 1, 2008, Brighton Energy, L.L.C. was merged with and into Unit Petroleum Company.

Our oil and natural gas exploration segment did not make any significant acquisitions during 2007, however, on January 18, 2008, we purchased a 50% interest in a 6,800 gross-acre leasehold that we did not already own in our Segno area of operations located in Hardin County, Texas. Included in this purchase were five producing wells with 4.9 Bcfe of estimated proved reserves and current production of 2.8 MMcf of natural gas per day and 88.2 barrels of condensate. The purchase price was $16.8 million of which $15.8 million was allocated to the reserves of the wells and $1.0 million was allocated to the undeveloped leasehold. The production and reserves acquired in this purchase will be included in our 2008 results.

Well and Leasehold Data.     The tables below identify certain information regarding our oil and natural gas exploratory and development drilling operations:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005
     Gross    Net    Gross    Net    Gross    Net

Wells drilled:

                 

Exploratory:

                 

Oil

   2    0.50    —      —      1    0.31

Natural gas

   6    4.43    5    2.39    6    1.91

Dry

   5    2.32    5    2.24    2    2.00
                             
   13    7.25    10    4.63    9    4.22
                             

Development:

                 

Oil

   15    5.45    12    2.62    15    4.94

Natural gas

   197    69.30    199    67.93    157    58.08

Dry

   28    14.64    23    10.12    11    5.39
                             
   240    89.39    234    80.67    183    68.41
                             

Total

   253    96.64    244    85.30    192    72.63
                             

 

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     Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005
     Gross    Net    Gross    Net    Gross    Net

Oil and natural gas wells producing or capable of producing:

                 

Oil

   2,612    392.99    2,784    492.90    2,746    428.93

Natural gas

   4,855    1,077.38    4,659    1,007.83    3,719    830.00
                             

Total

   7,467    1,470.37    7,443    1,500.73    6,465    1,258.93
                             

As of February 15, 2008, we have participated in starting 28 gross (12.82 net) wells during 2008.

Cost incurred for development drilling includes $52.7 million, $34.3 million and $31.9 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, to develop booked proved undeveloped oil and natural gas reserves.

The following table summarizes our oil and natural gas leasehold acreage for each of the years indicated:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2007     2006    2005
     Gross    Net     Gross    Net    Gross    Net

Developed acreage

   1,022,788    299,734     1,019,898    292,870    901,917    259,572

Undeveloped acreage

   441,726    227,589 (1)   371,314    182,742    345,663    174,763

 

(1) Approximately 73% of the net undeveloped acres are covered by leases that will expire in each of the years 2008—2010 unless drilling or production extends the terms of the leases.

The future estimated development costs necessary to develop our proved undeveloped oil and natural gas reserves in the United States for the years 2008, 2009 and 2010, as disclosed in our December 31, 2007 oil and natural gas reserve report, are $141.6 million, $61.0 million and $16.8 million, respectively.

 

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Price and Production Data.     The following table identifies the average sales price, oil, NGLs and natural gas production volumes and average production cost per equivalent Mcf for our oil, NGLs and natural gas production for the years indicated:

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2007    2006    2005  

Average sales price per barrel of oil produced:

        

Price before hedging

   $ 70.61    $ 63.39    $ 54.47  

Effect of hedging

     —        —        —    
                      

Price including hedging

   $ 70.61    $ 63.39    $ 54.47  
                      

Average sales price per barrel of NGLs produced:

        

Price before hedging

   $ 45.01    $ 36.08    $ 34.69  

Effect of hedging

     .02      —        —    
                      

Price including hedging

   $ 45.03    $ 36.08    $ 34.69  
                      

Average sales price per Mcf of natural gas produced:

        

Price before hedging

   $ 6.24    $ 6.17    $ 7.76  

Effect of hedging

     0.06      —        (0.12 )
                      

Price including hedging

   $ 6.30    $ 6.17    $ 7.64  
                      

Oil production (MBbls)

     1,091      1,012      847  

NGL production (MBbls)

     785      441      237  

Natural gas production (MMcf)

     43,464      44,169      34,058  

Total production (MMcfe)

     54,720      52,889      40,565  

Average production cost per equivalent Mcf

   $ 1.69    $ 1.34    $ 1.32  

Oil, NGL and Natural Gas Reserves.     The following table identifies our estimated proved developed and undeveloped oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves for the years indicated:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005

Oil (MBbls)

   9,676    9,357    8,052

Natural gas liquids (MBbls)

   6,149    2,226    1,819

Natural gas (MMcf)

   419,616    406,400    352,841

Total proved reserves (MMcfe)

   514,569    475,899    412,066

Contracts.     Our oil production is sold at or near our wells under purchase contracts at prevailing prices in accordance with arrangements customary in the oil industry. Our natural gas production is sold to intrastate and interstate pipelines as well as to independent marketing firms under contracts with terms generally ranging from one month to a year. Few of these contracts contain provisions for readjustment of price, most of the contracts are market sensitive.

Customers.     During 2007, Eagle Energy Partners I, L.P. accounted for approximately 12% of our oil and natural gas revenues, and no other third party customer accounted for 10% or more of our oil and natural gas revenues. During 2007, Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Superior) purchased $18.4 million of our natural gas production and natural gas liquids and provided gathering and transportation services of $4.7 million. Intercompany revenue from services and purchases of production between our mid-stream segment and our oil and natural gas segment has been eliminated in our consolidated financial statements. In 2006 and 2005, we eliminated intercompany revenues of $8.0 million and $6.8 million, respectively, of natural gas production and NGLs.

 

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Additional Information.     Further information relating to our oil and natural gas operations is contained in Notes 2, 3, 14 and Supplemental Oil and Gas Disclosures of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.

MID-STREAM

General.     Superior is a mid-stream company engaged primarily in the buying, selling, gathering, processing and treating of natural gas and operates four natural gas treatment plants, eight operating processing plants, 36 active gathering systems and 676 miles of pipeline. Superior operates in Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana and Kansas.

The following table presents certain information regarding our mid-stream operations for the years indicated:

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005

Gas gathered—MMBtu/day

   219,635    247,537    142,444

Gas processed—MMBtu/day

   50,350    31,833    30,613

Natural gas liquids sold—gallons/day

   129,421    66,902    61,665

Acquisitions.     Our mid-stream segment did not have any significant acquisitions during 2007.

Contracts.     Our mid-stream segment provides its customers with a full range of gathering, processing and treating services. These services are usually provided to each customer under long-term contracts (more than one year), but we do have some short-term contracts as well. Our natural gas processing agreements include the following types of contracts:

 

   

Fee-Based Contracts.     These contracts provide for a set fee for gathering and transporting raw natural gas. Our mid-stream’s revenue is a function of the volume of natural gas that is gathered or transported and is not directly dependent on the value of the natural gas. For the year ended December 31, 2007, 73% of our mid-stream segment’s total volumes and 21% of operating margins (as defined below) were under fee-based contracts.

 

   

Percent of Proceeds Contracts (POP).     These contracts provide for our mid-stream segment to retain a negotiated percentage of the sale proceeds from residue natural gas and NGL’s it gathers and processes, with the remainder being remitted to the producer. In this arrangement, Superior and the producers are directly dependent on the volume of the commodity and its value; Superior owns a percentage of that commodity and is directly subject to fluctuations in its market value. For the year ended December 31, 2007, 14% of our mid-stream segment’s total volumes and 26% of operating margins (as defined below) were under POP contracts.

 

   

Percent of Index Contracts (POI).     Under these contracts our mid-stream’s segment, as the processor, purchases raw well-head natural gas from the producer at a stipulated index price and, after processing the natural gas, sells the processed residual gas and the produced NGL’s to third parties. Our mid-stream segment is subject to the economic risk (processing margin risk) that the aggregate proceeds from the sale of the processed natural gas and the NGL’s could be less than the amount paid for the unprocessed natural gas. For the year ended December 31, 2007, 13% of our mid-stream segment’s total volumes and 53% of operating margins (as defined below) were under POI contracts.

For the above contracts, operating margin is defined as total operating revenues less operating expenses and does not include depreciation and amortization, general and administrative expenses, interest expense or income taxes.

 

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Customers.     During 2007, ONEOK and Murphy Energy Company accounted for approximately 82% and 10% of our mid-stream revenues, respectively. Gas sales to ONEOK accounted for approximately 63% of our mid-stream revenues and we believe there are other customers available to purchase this gas if necessary.

Additional Information.     Further information relating to our mid-stream operations is contained in Notes 2, 3 and 14 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.

VOLATILE NATURE OF OUR BUSINESS

The prevailing prices for natural gas, NGLs and oil significantly affect our revenues, operating results, cash flow and future rate of growth. Because natural gas makes up the biggest part of our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves, as well as the focus of most of the contract drilling work we do for others, changes in natural gas prices have a larger impact on us than changes in oil and NGL prices. Historically, oil, NGLs and natural gas prices have been volatile, and we expect them to continue to be so. The following table shows the highest and lowest average monthly natural gas, oil and NGL prices we received by quarter, for our oil and gas segment, taking into account the effect of our hedging activity, for each of the periods indicated:

 

     Average Quarterly
Natural Gas Price
per Mcf
   Average Quarterly
Oil Price per Bbl
   Average Quarterly
NGL Price per Bbl

Quarter

   High    Low    High    Low    High    Low

2007:

                 

First

   $ 6.88    $  5.80    $  58.69    $  50.79    $  35.41    $  31.54

Second

   $ 7.02    $ 6.44    $ 65.23    $ 60.73    $ 40.07    $ 36.92

Third

   $ 6.07    $ 5.21    $ 76.09    $ 69.88    $ 48.97    $ 41.32

Fourth

   $ 6.45    $ 5.84    $ 91.96    $ 83.13    $ 54.94    $ 49.48

2006:

                 

First

   $ 7.99    $ 6.13    $ 62.39    $ 57.58    $ 46.96    $ 35.41

Second

   $ 6.06    $ 5.46    $ 69.67    $ 67.26    $ 33.48    $ 30.03

Third

   $ 6.74    $ 5.55    $ 72.49    $ 61.56    $ 41.08    $ 38.30

Fourth

   $ 6.72    $ 4.50    $ 58.23    $ 56.15    $ 36.25    $ 31.37

2005:

                 

First

   $ 6.00    $ 5.39    $ 53.05    $ 44.88    $ 33.52    $ 29.95

Second

   $ 6.95    $ 5.65    $ 53.85    $ 47.88    $ 30.45    $ 24.15

Third

   $ 9.97    $ 6.95    $ 63.21    $ 56.71    $ 36.20    $ 30.03

Fourth

   $  10.35    $ 9.33    $ 62.17    $ 57.00    $ 52.96    $ 38.72

Prices for oil, NGLs and natural gas are subject to wide fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas, market uncertainty and a variety of additional factors that are beyond our control. These factors include:

 

   

political conditions in oil producing regions, including the Middle East, Nigeria and Venezuela;

 

   

the ability of the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to agree to and maintain oil price and production controls;

 

   

demand for oil and natural gas from other developing nations including China and India;

 

   

the price of foreign imports;

 

   

imports of liquefied natural gas;

 

   

actions of governmental authorities;

 

   

the domestic and foreign supply of oil and natural gas;

 

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the level of consumer demand;

 

   

United States storage levels of natural gas;

 

   

the ability to transport natural gas or oil to key markets;

 

   

weather conditions;

 

   

domestic and foreign government regulations;

 

   

the price, availability and acceptance of alternative fuels; and

 

   

overall economic conditions.

These factors and the volatile nature of the energy markets make it impossible to predict the future prices of oil, NGLs and natural gas. You are encouraged to read the Risk Factors discussed in Item 1A of this report for additional risks that can impact our operations.

Our contract drilling operations are dependent on the level of demand in our operating markets. Both short-term and long-term trends in oil and natural gas prices affect demand. Because oil and natural gas prices are volatile, the level of demand for our services can also be volatile. Both demand for our drilling rigs and dayrates steadily increased over 2005 and the first three quarters of 2006, before declining late in the fourth quarter of 2006 and throughout 2007. In January 2005, the average dayrate for our drilling rigs was $9,994 per day with a 97% utilization rate. In December 2006, our average dayrate was $19,930 with an 88% utilization rate and in December 2007, our average dayrate was $17,945 with a 79% utilization rate. The decrease in utilization starting in the fourth quarter of 2006 was, in part, due to the decline in the price of natural gas as well as concerns regarding future demand for natural gas on the part of our customers. Since short-term and long-term trends in oil and natural gas prices affect the demand for our drilling rigs, the future demand for and the dayrates we will receive for our drilling services is uncertain.

Our mid-stream operations provide us greater flexibility in delivering our (and other parties) natural gas from the wellhead to major natural gas pipelines. Margins received for the delivery of this natural gas is dependent on the price for oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids and the demand for natural gas in our area of operations. If the price of natural gas liquids falls without a corresponding decrease in the cost of natural gas, it may become uneconomical to us to extract certain natural gas liquids. The volumes of natural gas processed are highly dependent on the volume and Btu content of the natural gas gathered.

 

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COMPETITION

All of our businesses are highly competitive and price sensitive. Competition in the land contract drilling business traditionally involves factors such as price, efficiency, condition of equipment, availability of labor and equipment, reputation and customer relations. Some of our land contract drilling competitors are substantially larger than we are and have greater resources than we do.

Our oil and natural gas operations likewise encounter strong competition from other oil and gas companies. Many of these competitors have greater financial, technical and other resources than we do and have more experience than we do in the exploration for and production of oil and natural gas.

Our mid-stream operations compete with purchasers and gatherers of all types and sizes, including those affiliated with various producers, other major pipeline companies, as well as independent gatherers for the right to purchase natural gas, build gathering systems in production fields and deliver the natural gas once the gathering systems are established. The principal elements of competition include the rates, terms and availability of services, reputation and the flexibility and reliability of service.

As discussed elsewhere in this report, throughout 2005, 2006 and 2007 all of our operations experienced strong competition for qualified labor. If demand for our services and products continue at the levels experienced during recent years, we anticipate this competition will also continue.

OIL AND NATURAL GAS PROGRAMS AND CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

Unit Petroleum Company serves as the general partner of 13 oil and gas limited partnerships. Three of these partnerships were formed for investment by third parties and ten (the employee partnerships) were formed to allow our employees and directors to participate with Unit Petroleum Company in its operations. The partnerships formed for use in connection with third party investments were formed in 1984 and 1986. One employee partnership has been formed each year beginning with 1984.

The employee partnerships formed in 1984 through 1999 have been consolidated into a single consolidating partnership. The employee partnerships each have a set annual percentage (ranging from 1% to 15%) of our interest in most of the oil and natural gas wells we drill or acquire for our own account during the year in which the partnership was formed. The total interest the participants have in our oil and natural gas wells by participating in these partnerships does not exceed one percent of our interest in the wells.

Under the terms of our partnership agreements, the general partner has broad discretionary authority to manage the business and operations of the partnership, including the authority to make decisions regarding the partnership’s participation in a drilling location or a property acquisition, the partnership’s expenditure of funds and the distribution of funds to partners. Because the business activities of the limited partners and the general partner are not the same, conflicts of interest will exist and it is not possible to entirely eliminate these conflicts. Additionally, conflicts of interest may arise when we are the operator of an oil and natural gas well and also provide contract drilling services. In these cases, the drilling operations are conducted under drilling contracts containing terms and conditions comparable to those contained in our drilling contracts with non-affiliated operators. We believe we fulfill our responsibility to each contracting party and comply fully with the terms of the agreements which regulate these conflicts.

These partnerships are further described in Notes 2 and 9 to the Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 8 of this report.

 

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EMPLOYEES

As of February 15, 2008, we had approximately 2,669 employees in our land contract drilling operations, 160 employees in our oil and natural gas exploration operations, 63 employees in our mid-stream operations and 102 in our general corporate area. None of our employees are members of a union or labor organization nor have our operations ever been interrupted by a strike or work stoppage. We consider relations with our employees to be satisfactory.

GOVERNMENTAL REGULATIONS

Our business depends on the demand for services from the oil and natural gas exploration and development industry, and therefore our business can be affected by political developments and changes in laws and regulations that control or curtail drilling for oil and natural gas for economic, environmental or other policy reasons.

Various state and federal regulations affect the production and sale of oil and natural gas. All states in which we conduct activities impose restrictions on the drilling, production, transportation and sale of oil and natural gas.

Under the Natural Gas Act of 1938, the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (the “FERC”) regulates the interstate transportation and the sale in interstate commerce for resale of natural gas. The FERC’s jurisdiction over interstate natural gas sales has been substantially modified by the Natural Gas Policy Act under which the FERC continued to regulate the maximum selling prices of certain categories of gas sold in “first sales” in interstate and intrastate commerce. Effective January 1, 1993, however, the Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act (the “Decontrol Act”) deregulated natural gas prices for all “first sales” of natural gas. Because “first sales” include typical wellhead sales by producers, all natural gas produced from our natural gas properties is sold at market prices, subject to the terms of any private contracts which may be in effect. The FERC’s jurisdiction over natural gas transportation is not affected by the Decontrol Act.

Our sales of natural gas will be affected by intrastate and interstate gas transportation regulation. Beginning in 1985, the FERC adopted regulatory changes that have significantly altered the transportation and marketing of natural gas. These changes are intended by the FERC to foster competition by, among other things, transforming the role of interstate pipeline companies from wholesale marketers of natural gas to the primary role of gas transporters. All natural gas marketing by the pipelines is required to divest to a marketing affiliate, which operates separately from the transporter and in direct competition with all other merchants. As a result of the various omnibus rulemaking proceedings in the late 1980s and the individual pipeline restructuring proceedings of the early to mid-1990s, the interstate pipelines must provide open and nondiscriminatory transportation and transportation-related services to all producers, natural gas marketing companies, local distribution companies, industrial end users and other customers seeking service. Through similar orders affecting intrastate pipelines that provide similar interstate services, the FERC expanded the impact of open access regulations to intrastate commerce.

FERC has pursued other policy initiatives that have affected natural gas marketing. Most notable are (1) the large-scale divestiture of interstate pipeline-owned gas gathering facilities to affiliated or non-affiliated companies; (2) further development of rules governing the relationship of the pipelines with their marketing affiliates; (3) the publication of standards relating to the use of electronic bulletin boards and electronic data exchange by the pipelines to make available transportation information on a timely basis and to enable transactions to occur on a purely electronic basis; (4) further review of the role of the secondary market for released pipeline capacity and its relationship to open access service in the primary market; and (5) development of policy and promulgation of orders pertaining to its authorization of market-based rates (rather than traditional cost-of-service based rates) for transportation or transportation-related services upon the pipeline’s demonstration of lack of market control in the relevant service market. We do not know what effect the FERC’s other activities will have on the access to markets, the fostering of competition and the cost of doing business.

 

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As a result of these changes, sellers and buyers of natural gas have gained direct access to the particular pipeline services they need and are better able to conduct business with a larger number of counter parties. We believe these changes generally have improved the access to markets for natural gas while, at the same time, substantially increasing competition in the natural gas marketplace. We cannot predict what new or different regulations the FERC and other regulatory agencies may adopt or what effect subsequent regulations may have on production and marketing of natural gas from our properties.

In the past, Congress has been very active in the area of natural gas regulation. However, as discussed above, the more recent trend has been in favor of deregulation and the promotion of competition in the natural gas industry. Thus, in addition to “first sales” deregulation, Congress also repealed incremental pricing requirements and natural gas use restraints previously applicable. There are other legislative proposals pending in the Federal and State legislatures which, if enacted, would significantly affect the petroleum industry. At the present time, it is impossible to predict what proposals, if any, might actually be enacted by Congress or the various state legislatures and what effect, if any, these proposals might have on the production and marketing of natural gas by us. Similarly, and despite the trend toward federal deregulation of the natural gas industry, whether or to what extent that trend will continue or what the ultimate effect will be on the production and marketing of natural gas by us cannot be predicted.

Our sales of oil and natural gas liquids are not regulated and are at market prices. The price received from the sale of these products will be affected by the cost of transporting the products to market. Much of that transportation is through interstate common carrier pipelines. Effective as of January 1, 1995, the FERC implemented regulations generally grandfathering all previously approved interstate transportation rates and establishing an indexing system for those rates by which adjustments are made annually based on the rate of inflation, subject to certain conditions and limitations. These regulations may tend to increase the cost of transporting oil and natural gas liquids by interstate pipeline, although the annual adjustments may result in decreased rates in a given year. These regulations have generally been approved on judicial review. Every five years, the FERC will examine the relationship between the annual change in the applicable index and the actual cost changes experienced by the oil pipeline industry. We are not able to predict with certainty what effect, if any, these relatively new federal regulations or the periodic review of the index by the FERC will have on us.

Federal, state, and local agencies have promulgated extensive rules and regulations applicable to our oil and natural gas exploration, production and related operations. Oklahoma, Texas and other states require permits for drilling operations, drilling bonds and the filing of reports concerning operations and impose other requirements relating to the exploration of oil and natural gas. Many states also have statutes or regulations addressing conservation matters including provisions for the unitization or pooling of oil and natural gas properties, the establishment of maximum rates of production from oil and natural gas wells and the regulation of spacing, plugging and abandonment of such wells. The statutes and regulations of some states limit the rate at which oil and natural gas is produced from our properties. The federal and state regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases our cost of doing business and affects our profitability. Because these rules and regulations are amended or reinterpreted frequently, we are unable to predict the future cost or impact of complying with those laws.

Our operations are subject to stringent federal, state and local laws and regulations governing protection of the environment. These laws and regulations may require acquisition of permits before certain of our operations may be commenced and may restrict the types, quantities and concentrations of various substances that can be released into the environment. Planning and implementation of protective measures are required to prevent accidental discharges. Spills of oil, natural gas liquids, drilling fluids, and other substances may subject us to penalties and cleanup requirements. Handling, storage and disposal of both hazardous and non-hazardous wastes are subject to regulatory requirements.

The federal Clean Water Act, as amended by the Oil Pollution Act, the federal Clean Air Act, the federal Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, and their state counterparts, are the primary vehicles for imposition of such requirements and for civil, criminal and administrative penalties and other sanctions for violation of their

 

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requirements. In addition, the federal Comprehensive Environmental Response Compensation and Liability Act and similar state statutes impose strict liability, without regard to fault or the legality of the original conduct, on certain classes of persons who are considered responsible for the release of hazardous substances into the environment. Such liability, which may be imposed for the conduct of others and for conditions others have caused, includes the cost of remedial action as well as damages to natural resources.

Environmental laws and regulations are complex and subject to frequent change that may result in more stringent and costly requirements. Compliance with applicable requirements has not, to date, had a material affect on the cost of our operations, earnings or competitive position. However, compliance with amended, new or more stringent requirements, stricter interpretations of existing requirements, or the discovery of contamination may cause us to incur additional costs or subject us to liabilities that may have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.

FINANCIAL INFORMATION ABOUT GEOGRAPHIC AREAS

Our revenues during the last three fiscal years, as well as information relating to long-lived assets attributable to our Canadian operations are immaterial. We have no other international operations.

 

Item 1A. Risk Factors

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS/CAUTIONARY STATEMENT AND RISK FACTORS

This report, including information included in, or incorporated by reference from future filings by us with the SEC, as well as information contained in written material, press releases and oral statements issued by or on our behalf, contain, or may contain, certain statements that are “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of federal securities laws. This report modifies and supersedes documents filed by us before this report. In addition, certain information that we file with the SEC in the future will automatically update and supersede information contained in this report. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, included or incorporated by reference in this report, which address activities, events or developments which we expect or anticipate will or may occur in the future, are forward-looking statements. The words “believes,” “intends,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “estimates,” “predicts” and similar expressions are used to identify forward-looking statements.

These forward-looking statements include, among others, such things as:

 

   

the amount and nature of our future capital expenditures;

 

   

the amount of wells we plan to drill or rework;

 

   

prices for oil, NGLs and natural gas;

 

   

demand for oil and natural gas;

 

   

our exploration prospects;

 

   

the estimates of our proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves;

 

   

oil, NGLs and natural gas reserve potential;

 

   

development and infill drilling potential;

 

   

our drilling prospects;

 

   

expansion and other development trends of the oil and natural gas industry;

 

   

our business strategy;

 

   

production of oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves;

 

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growth potential for our mid-stream operations;

 

   

gathering systems and processing plants we plan to construct or acquire;

 

   

volumes and prices for natural gas gathered and processed;

 

   

expansion and growth of our business and operations; and

 

   

demand for our drilling rigs and drilling rig rates.

These statements are based on certain assumptions and analyses made by us in light of our experience and our perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments as well as other factors we believe are appropriate in the circumstances. However, whether actual results and developments will conform to our expectations and predictions is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties which could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, including:

 

   

the risk factors discussed in this report and in the documents we incorporate by reference;

 

   

general economic, market or business conditions;

 

   

the nature or lack of business opportunities that we pursue;

 

   

demand for our land drilling services;

 

   

changes in laws or regulations; and

 

   

other factors, most of which are beyond our control.

You should not place undue reliance on any of these forward-looking statements. Except as required by law, we disclaim any current intention to update forward-looking information and to release publicly the results of any future revisions we may make to forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this report to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events.

In order to help provide you with a more thorough understanding of the possible effects of some of these influences on any forward-looking statements made by us, the following discussion outlines some (but not all) of the factors that in the future could cause our 2008 consolidated results and beyond to differ materially from those that may be presented in any such forward-looking statement made by or on behalf of us.

Oil, NGLs and Natural Gas Prices.     The prices we receive for our oil, NGLs and natural gas production have a direct impact on our revenues, profitability and cash flow as well as our ability to meet our projected financial and operational goals. The prices for natural gas and crude oil are heavily dependent on a number of factors beyond our control, including:

 

   

the demand for oil and/or natural gas;

 

   

current weather conditions in the continental United States (which can greatly influence the demand for natural gas at any given time as well as the price we receive for such natural gas);

 

   

the amount and timing of liquid natural gas imports; and

 

   

the ability of current distribution systems in the United States to effectively meet the demand for oil and/or natural gas at any given time, particularly in times of peak demand which may result because of adverse weather conditions.

Oil prices are extremely sensitive to foreign influences based on political, social or economic underpinnings, any one of which could have an immediate and significant effect on the price and supply of oil . In addition, prices of natural gas, NGLs and oil are becoming more and more influenced by trading on the commodities markets which, at times, has tended to increase the volatility associated with these prices resulting, at times, in large differences in such prices even on a week-to-week and month-to-month basis. All of these factors,

 

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especially when coupled with the fact that much of our product prices are determined on a daily basis, can, and at times do, lead to wide fluctuations in the prices we receive.

Based on our 2007 production, a $0.10 per Mcf change in what we receive for our natural gas production would result in a corresponding $339,000 per month ($4.1 million annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow. A $1.00 per barrel change in our oil price would have an $85,000 per month ($1.0 million annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow and a $1.00 per barrel change in our NGLs price would have a $61,000 per month ($0.7 million annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow. During 2007, substantially all of our natural gas, crude oil and NGLs volumes were sold at market responsive prices.

In order to reduce our exposure to short-term fluctuations in the price of oil, NGLs and natural gas, we sometimes enter into hedging arrangements such as swaps and collars. Our hedging arrangements apply to only a portion of our production and provide only partial price protection against declines in oil, NGLs and natural gas prices. These hedging arrangements may expose us to risk of financial loss and limit the benefit to us of future increases in prices. A more thorough discussion of our hedging arrangements is contained in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation section of this report contained in Item 7.

Drilling Customer Demand.     With the exception of the drilling we do for our own account, the demand for our drilling services depends entirely on the needs of third parties. Based on past history, these parties’ requirements are subject to a number of factors, independent of any subjective factors, that directly impact the demand for our drilling rigs. These factors include the availability of funds to carry out their drilling operations. For many of these parties, even if they have the funds available, their decision to spend those funds is often based on the then current prices for oil, NGLs and natural gas. Many of our customers’ budgets tend to be susceptible to the influences of current price fluctuations. Other factors that affect our ability to work our drilling rigs are: the weather which, under adverse circumstances, can delay or even cause the abandonment of a project by an operator; the competition faced by us in securing the award of a drilling contract in a given area; our experience and recognition in a new market area; and the availability of labor to operate our drilling rigs.

Uncertainty of Oil, NGLs and Natural Gas Reserves.     There are many uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves and their values, including many factors beyond our control. The oil, NGLs and natural gas reserve information included in this report represents only an estimate of these reserves. Oil, NGLs and natural gas reservoir engineering is a subjective and an inexact process of estimating underground accumulations of oil, NGLs and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner. Estimates of economically recoverable oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves depend on a number of variable factors, including historical production from the area compared with production from other producing areas, and assumptions concerning:

 

   

reservoir size;

 

   

the effects of regulations by governmental agencies;

 

   

future oil, NGLs and natural gas prices;

 

   

future operating costs;

 

   

severance and excise taxes;

 

   

development costs; and

 

   

workover and remedial costs.

Some or all of these assumptions may vary considerably from actual results. For these reasons, estimates of the economically recoverable quantities of oil and natural gas attributable to any particular group of properties, classifications of those oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves based on risk of recovery, and estimates of the future

 

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net cash flows from oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves prepared by different engineers or by the same engineers but at different times may vary substantially. Accordingly, oil, NGLs and natural gas reserve estimates may be subject to periodic downward or upward adjustments. Actual production, revenues and expenditures with respect to our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves will likely vary from estimates, and those variances may be material.

The information regarding discounted future net cash flows included in this report is not necessarily the current market value of the estimated oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves attributable to our properties. As required by the SEC, the estimated discounted future net cash flows from proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves are determined based on prices and costs as of the date of the estimate. Actual future prices and costs may be materially higher or lower. Actual future net cash flows are also affected, in part, by the following factors:

 

   

the amount and timing of oil and natural gas production;

 

   

supply and demand for oil and natural gas;

 

   

increases or decreases in consumption; and

 

   

changes in governmental regulations or taxation.

In addition, the 10% discount factor, required by the SEC for use in calculating discounted future net cash flows for reporting purposes, is not necessarily the most appropriate discount factor based on interest rates in effect from time to time and the risks associated with our operations or the oil and natural gas industry in general.

We periodically review the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties under the full cost accounting rules of the SEC. Under these rules, capitalized costs of proved oil and natural gas properties may not exceed the present value of estimated future net revenues from proved reserves, discounted at 10%. Application of this “ceiling test” generally requires pricing future revenue at the unescalated prices in effect as of the end of each fiscal quarter and requires a write-down for accounting purposes if we exceed the ceiling, even if prices are depressed for only a short period of time. We may be required to write down the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties when oil, NGLs and natural gas prices are depressed or unusually volatile. If a write-down is required, it would result in a charge to earnings but would not impact our cash flow from operating activities. Once incurred, a write-down of oil and natural gas properties is not reversible.

We are continually identifying and evaluating opportunities to acquire oil and natural gas properties, including acquisitions that would be significantly larger than those we have consummated to date. We cannot assure you that we will successfully consummate any acquisition, that we will be able to acquire producing oil and natural gas properties that contain economically recoverable reserves or that any acquisition will be profitably integrated into our operations.

Debt and Bank Borrowing.     We have incurred and currently expect to continue to incur substantial working capital expenditures because of the growth in our operations. Historically, we have funded our working capital needs through a combination of internally generated cash flow and borrowings under our bank credit facility. We have also, from time to time, obtained funds through equity financing. We currently have, and will continue to have, a certain amount of indebtedness. At December 31, 2007, our outstanding long-term debt was $120.6 million.

Our level of debt, the cash flow needed to satisfy our debt and the covenants contained in our bank credit facility could:

 

   

limit funds otherwise available for financing our capital expenditures, our drilling program or other activities or cause us to curtail these activities;

 

   

limit our flexibility in planning for or reacting to changes in our business;

 

   

place us at a competitive disadvantage to those of our competitors that are less indebted than we are;

 

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make us more vulnerable during periods of low oil, NGLs and natural gas prices or in the event of a downturn in our business; and

 

   

prevent us from obtaining additional financing on acceptable terms or limit amounts available under our existing or any future credit facilities.

Our ability to meet our debt obligations depends on our future performance. If the requirements of our indebtedness are not satisfied, a default could be deemed to occur and our lenders would be entitled to accelerate the payment of the outstanding indebtedness. If that were to occur, we would not have sufficient funds available and probably would not be able to obtain the financing required to meet our obligations.

The amount of our existing debt, as well as our future debt, is, to a large extent, a function of the costs associated with the projects we undertake at any given time and of our cash flow. Generally, our normal operating costs are those incurred as a result of the drilling of oil and natural gas wells, the acquisition of producing properties, the costs associated with the maintenance or expansion of our drilling rig fleet, and the operations of our natural gas buying, selling, gathering, processing and treating systems. To some extent, these costs, particularly the first two items, are discretionary and we maintain a degree of control regarding the timing or the need to actually incur them. However, in some cases, unforeseen circumstances may arise, such as in the case of an unanticipated opportunity to make a large acquisition or the need to replace a costly drilling rig component due to an unexpected loss, which could force us to incur increased debt above that which we had expected or forecasted. Likewise, if our cash flow should prove to be insufficient to cover our current cash requirements we would need to increase our debt either through bank borrowings or otherwise.

We entered into the following interest rate swaps to help manage our exposure to possible future interest rate increases. Under these transactions we have swapped the variable interest rate we would otherwise incur on a portion of our bank debt for a fixed interest rate. A more thorough discussion of our hedging or swap arrangements are contained in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation section of this report contained in Item 7.

 

Term

   Amount    Fixed
Rate
    Floating Rate

March 2005 – January 2008

   $ 50,000,000    3.99 %   3 month LIBOR

December 2007 – May 2012

   $ 15,000,000    4.53 %   3 month LIBOR

December 2007 – May 2012

   $ 15,000,000    4.16 %   3 month LIBOR

 

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RISK FACTORS

There are many other factors that could adversely affect our business. The following discussion describes the material risks currently known to us. However, additional risks that we do not know about or that we currently view as immaterial may also impair our business or adversely affect the value of our securities. You should carefully consider the risks described below together with the other information contained in, or incorporated by reference into, this report.

Oil, NGLs and natural gas prices are volatile, and low prices have negatively affected our financial results and could do so in the future.

Our revenues, operating results, cash flow and future rate of growth depend substantially on prevailing prices for oil, NGLs and natural gas. Historically, oil, NGLs and natural gas prices and markets have been volatile, and they are likely to continue to be volatile in the future. Any decline in prices in the future would have a negative impact on our future financial results. Because our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves are predominantly natural gas, significant changes in natural gas prices would have a particularly large impact on our financial results.

Prices for oil, NGLs and natural gas are subject to wide fluctuations in response to relatively minor changes in the supply of and demand for oil and natural gas, market uncertainty and a variety of additional factors that are beyond our control. These factors include:

 

   

political conditions in oil producing regions, including the Middle East, Nigeria and Venezuela;

 

   

the ability of the members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries to agree on prices and their ability to maintain production quotas;

 

   

the price of foreign oil imports;

 

   

imports of liquefied natural gas;

 

   

actions of governmental authorities;

 

   

the domestic and foreign supply of oil and natural gas;

 

   

the level of consumer demand;

 

   

U.S. storage levels of natural gas;

 

   

weather conditions;

 

   

domestic and foreign government regulations;

 

   

the price, availability and acceptance of alternative fuels; and

 

   

overall economic conditions.

These factors and the volatile nature of the energy markets make it impossible to predict with any certainty the future prices of oil, NGLs and natural gas.

Our contract drilling operations depend on levels of activity in the oil and natural gas exploration and production industry.

Our contract drilling operations depend on the level of activity in oil and natural gas exploration and production in our operating markets. Both short-term and long-term trends in oil, NGLs and natural gas prices affect the level of that activity. Because oil, NGLs and natural gas prices are volatile, the level of exploration and production activity can also be volatile. Any decrease from current oil, NGLs and natural gas prices would depress the level of exploration and production activity. This, in turn, would likely result in a decline in the

 

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demand for our drilling services and would have an adverse effect on our contract drilling revenues, cash flows and profitability. As a result, the future demand for our drilling services is uncertain.

The industries in which we operate are highly competitive, and many of our competitors have greater resources than we do.

The drilling industry in which we operate is generally very competitive. Most drilling contracts are awarded on the basis of competitive bids, which may result in intense price competition. Many of our competitors in the contract drilling industry have greater financial and human resources than we do. These resources may enable them to better withstand periods of low drilling rig utilization, to compete more effectively on the basis of price and technology, to build new drilling rigs or acquire existing drilling rigs and to provide drilling rigs more quickly than we do in periods of high drilling rig utilization.

The oil and natural gas industry is also highly competitive. We compete in the areas of property acquisitions and oil and natural gas exploration, development, production and marketing with major oil companies, other independent oil and natural gas concerns and individual producers and operators. In addition, we must compete with major and independent oil and natural gas concerns in recruiting and retaining qualified employees. Many of our competitors in the oil and natural gas industry have substantially greater resources than we do.

Shortages of experienced personnel for our contract drilling operations could limit our ability to meet the demand for our services.

During periods of increasing demand for contract drilling services, the industry may experience shortages of qualified drilling rig personnel. During these periods, our ability to attract and retain sufficient qualified personnel to market and operate our drilling rigs is adversely affected which negatively impacts both our operations and profitability. Operationally, it is more difficult to hire qualified personnel, which adversely affects our ability to mobilize inactive drilling rigs in response to the increased demand for our contract drilling services. Additionally, wage rates for drilling personnel are likely to increase, resulting in greater operating costs.

Shortages of drill pipe, replacement parts and other related drilling rig equipment adversely affect our operating results.

During periods of increased demand for drilling services, the industry has experienced shortages of drill pipe, replacement parts and other related drilling rig equipment. These shortages can cause the price of these items to increase significantly and require that orders for the items be placed well in advance of expected use. These price increases and delays in delivery may require us to increase capital and repairs expenditures in our contract drilling segment. Severe shortages could impair our ability to operate our drilling rigs.

Continued growth through acquisitions is not assured.

Over the past several years, we have increased each of our segments, in part, through mergers and acquisitions. The land drilling industry, the exploration and development industry, as well as the gas gathering and processing industry, have experienced significant consolidation over the past several years, and there can be no assurance that acquisition opportunities will continue to be available. Additionally, we are likely to continue to face intense competition from other companies for available acquisition opportunities.

There can be no assurance that we will:

 

   

be able to identify suitable acquisition opportunities;

 

   

have sufficient capital resources to complete additional acquisitions;

 

   

successfully integrate acquired operations and assets;

 

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effectively manage the growth and increased size;

 

   

maintain the crews and market share to operate any future drilling rigs we may acquire; or

 

   

successfully improve our financial condition, results of operations, business or prospects in any material manner as a result of any completed acquisition.

We may incur substantial indebtedness to finance future acquisitions and also may issue equity securities or convertible securities in connection with any acquisitions. Debt service requirements could represent a significant burden on our results of operations and financial condition and the issuance of additional equity would be dilutive to existing shareholders. Also, continued growth could strain our management, operations, employees and other resources.

Successful acquisitions, particularly those of oil and natural gas companies or of oil and natural gas properties require an assessment of a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. These factors include recoverable reserves, exploration potential, future oil, NGLs and natural gas prices, operating costs and potential environmental and other liabilities. Such assessments are inexact and their accuracy is inherently uncertain.

Our operations have significant capital requirements, and our indebtedness could have important consequences to you.

We have experienced and expect to continue to experience substantial working capital needs because of the growth in all of our operations. On February 15, 2008, our outstanding long-term debt was $144.8 million. Our level of indebtedness, the cash flow needed to satisfy our indebtedness and the covenants governing our indebtedness could:

 

   

limit funds available for financing capital expenditures, our drilling program or other activities or cause us to curtail these activities;

 

   

limit our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to changes in, our business;

 

   

place us at a competitive disadvantage to some of our competitors that are less leveraged than we are;

 

   

make us more vulnerable during periods of low oil, NGLs and natural gas prices or in the event of a downturn in our business; and

 

   

prevent us from obtaining additional financing on acceptable terms or limit amounts available under our existing or any future credit facilities.

Our ability to meet our debt service and other contractual and contingent obligations will depend on our future performance. In addition, lower oil, NGLs and natural gas prices could result in future reductions in the amount available for borrowing under our credit facility, reducing our liquidity and even triggering mandatory loan repayments.

Our future performance depends on our ability to find or acquire additional oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves that are economically recoverable.

In general, production from oil and natural gas properties declines as reserves are depleted, with the rate of decline depending on reservoir characteristics. Unless we successfully replace the reserves that we produce, our reserves will decline, resulting eventually in a decrease in oil and natural gas production and lower revenues and cash flow from operations. Historically, we have succeeded in increasing reserves after taking production into account through exploration and development. We have conducted these activities on our existing oil and natural gas properties as well as on newly acquired properties. We may not be able to continue to replace reserves from these activities at acceptable costs. Lower prices of oil and natural gas may further limit the kinds of reserves that can economically be developed. Lower prices also decrease our cash flow and may cause us to decrease capital expenditures.

 

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We are continually identifying and evaluating opportunities to acquire oil and natural gas properties, including acquisitions that would be significantly larger than those consummated to date by us. We cannot assure you that we will successfully consummate any acquisition, that we will be able to acquire producing oil and natural gas properties that contain economically recoverable reserves or that any acquisition will be profitably integrated into our operations.

The competition for producing oil and natural gas properties is intense. This competition could mean that to acquire properties we will have to pay higher prices and accept greater ownership risks than we have in the past.

Our exploration and production operations involve a high degree of business and financial risk which could adversely affect us.

Exploration and development involve numerous risks that may result in dry holes, the failure to produce oil and natural gas in commercial quantities and the inability to fully produce discovered reserves. The cost of drilling, completing and operating wells is substantial and uncertain. Numerous factors beyond our control may cause the curtailment, delay or cancellation of drilling operations, including:

 

   

unexpected drilling conditions;

 

   

pressure or irregularities in formations;

 

   

equipment failures or accidents;

 

   

adverse weather conditions;

 

   

compliance with governmental requirements; and

 

   

shortages or delays in the availability of drilling rigs or delivery crews and the delivery of equipment.

Exploratory drilling is a speculative activity. Although we may disclose our overall drilling success rate, those rates may decline. Although we may discuss drilling prospects that we have identified or budgeted for, we may ultimately not lease or drill these prospects within the expected time frame, or at all. Lack of drilling success will have an adverse effect on our future results of operations and financial condition.

Our mid-stream operations involve numerous risks, both financial and operational. The cost of developing gathering systems and processing plants is substantial and our ability to recoup these costs is uncertain. Our operations may be curtailed, delayed or cancelled as a result of many things beyond our control, including:

 

   

unexpected changes in the deliverability of natural gas reserves from the wells connected to the gathering systems;

 

   

availability of competing pipelines in the area;

 

   

equipment failures or accidents;

 

   

adverse weather conditions;

 

   

compliance with governmental requirements;

 

   

delays in the development of other producing properties within the gathering system’s area of operation; and

 

   

demand for natural gas and its constituents.

Many of the wells from which we gather and process natural gas are operated by other parties. As a result, we have little control over the operations of those wells which can act to increase our risk. Operators of those wells may act in ways that are not in our best interests.

 

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Competition for experienced technical personnel may negatively impact our operations or financial results.

Our continued drilling success and the success of other activities integral to our operations will depend, in part, on our ability to attract and retain experienced explorationists, engineers and other professionals. Competition for these professionals is extremely intense. We are likely to continue to experience increased costs to attract and retain these professionals.

Our hedging arrangements might limit the benefit of increases in oil, NGLs and natural gas prices.

In order to reduce our exposure to short-term fluctuations in the price of oil, NGLs and natural gas, we sometimes enter into hedging arrangements. Our hedging arrangements apply to only a portion of our production and provide only partial price protection against declines in oil, NGLs and natural gas prices. These hedging arrangements may expose us to risk of financial loss and limit the benefit to us of increases in prices.

Estimates of our reserves are uncertain and may prove to be inaccurate.

There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved reserves and their values, including many factors beyond our control. The reserve data represents only estimates. Reservoir engineering is a subjective and inexact process of estimating underground accumulations of oil and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner. Estimates of economically recoverable oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves depend on a number of variable factors, including historical production from the area compared with production from other producing areas, and assumptions concerning:

 

   

the effects of regulations by governmental agencies;

 

   

future oil, NGLs and natural gas prices;

 

   

future operating costs;

 

   

severance and excise taxes;

 

   

development costs; and

 

   

workover and remedial costs.

Some or all of these assumptions may vary considerably from actual results. For these reasons, estimates of the economically recoverable quantities of oil and natural gas attributable to any particular group of properties, classifications of those reserves based on risk of recovery, and estimates of the future net cash flows from reserves prepared by different engineers or by the same engineers but at different times may vary substantially. Accordingly, reserve estimates may be subject to downward or upward adjustment. Actual production, revenues and expenditures with respect to our reserves will likely vary from estimates, and those variances may be material.

The information regarding discounted future net cash flows should not be considered as the current market value of the estimated oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves attributable to our properties. As required by the SEC, the estimated discounted future net cash flows from proved reserves are based on prices and costs as of the date of the estimate, while actual future prices and costs may be materially higher or lower. Actual future net cash flows also will be affected by the following factors:

 

   

the amount and timing of actual production;

 

   

supply and demand for oil and natural gas;

 

   

increases or decreases in consumption; and

 

   

changes in governmental regulations or taxation.

 

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In addition, the 10% per year discount factor, which is required by the SEC to be used in calculating discounted future net cash flows for reporting purposes, is not necessarily the most appropriate discount factor based on interest rates in effect from time to time and risks associated with our operations or the oil and natural gas industry in general.

If oil, NGLs and natural gas prices decrease or are unusually volatile, we may be required to take write-downs of our oil and natural gas properties, the carrying value of our drilling rigs or our natural gas gathering and processing systems.

We periodically review the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties under the full cost accounting rules of the SEC. Under these rules, capitalized costs of proved oil and natural gas properties may not exceed the present value of estimated future net revenues from proved reserves, discounted at 10% per year. Application of the ceiling test generally requires pricing future revenue at the unescalated prices in effect as of the end of each fiscal quarter and requires a write-down for accounting purposes if the ceiling is exceeded, even if prices were depressed for only a short period of time. We may be required to write down the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties when oil, NGLs and natural gas prices are depressed or unusually volatile. If a write-down is required, it would result in a charge to earnings, but would not impact cash flow from operating activities. Once incurred, a write-down of oil and natural gas properties is not reversible at a later date.

Our drilling equipment, transportation equipment, gas gathering and processing systems and other property and equipment are carried at cost. We are required to periodically test to see if these values have been impaired whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest the carrying amount may not be recoverable. If any of these assets are determined to be impaired, the loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. An estimate of fair value is based on the best information available, including prices for similar assets. Changes in these estimates could cause us to reduce the carrying value of property and equipment. Once these values have been reduced, they are not reversible.

Our operations present inherent risks of loss that, if not insured or indemnified against, could adversely affect our results of operations.

Our drilling operations are subject to many hazards inherent in the drilling industry, including blowouts, cratering, explosions, fires, loss of well control, loss of hole, damaged or lost drilling equipment and damage or loss from inclement weather. Our exploration and production and mid-stream operations are subject to these and similar risks. Any of these events could result in personal injury or death, damage to or destruction of equipment and facilities, suspension of operations, environmental damage and damage to the property of others. Generally, drilling contracts provide for the division of responsibilities between a drilling company and its customer, and we seek to obtain indemnification from our drilling customers by contract for some of these risks. To the extent that we are unable to transfer these risks to drilling customers by contract or indemnification agreements, we seek protection from some of these risks through insurance. However, some risks are not covered by insurance and we cannot assure you that the insurance we do have or the indemnification agreements we have entered into will adequately protect us against liability from all of the consequences of the hazards described above. The occurrence of an event not fully insured or indemnified against, or the failure of a customer to meet its indemnification obligations, could result in substantial losses. In addition, we cannot assure you that insurance will be available to cover any or all of these risks. Even if available, the insurance might not be adequate to cover all of our losses, or we might decide against obtaining that insurance because of high premiums or other costs.

In addition, we are not the operator of many of our wells. As a result, our operating risks for those wells and our ability to influence the operations for those wells are less subject to our control. Operators of those wells may act in ways that are not in our best interests.

Governmental regulations could adversely affect our business.

Our business is subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations on taxation, the exploration for and development, production and marketing of oil and natural gas and safety matters. Many laws and regulations

 

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require drilling permits and govern the spacing of wells, rates of production, prevention of waste, unitization and pooling of properties and other matters. These laws and regulations have increased the costs of planning, designing, drilling, installing, operating and abandoning our oil and natural gas wells and other facilities. In addition, these laws and regulations, and any others that are passed by the jurisdictions where we have production, could limit the total number of wells drilled or the allowable production from successful wells, which could limit our revenues.

We are also subject to complex environmental laws and regulations adopted by the various jurisdictions where we own or operate. We could incur liability to governments or third parties for discharges of oil, natural gas or other pollutants into the air, soil or water, including responsibility for remedial costs. We could potentially discharge these materials into the environment in any number of ways including the following:

 

   

from a well or drilling equipment at a drill site;

 

   

from gathering systems, pipelines, transportation facilities and storage tanks;

 

   

damage to oil and natural gas wells resulting from accidents during normal operations; and

 

   

blowouts, cratering and explosions.

Because the requirements imposed by laws and regulations are frequently changed, we cannot assure you that laws and regulations enacted in the future, including changes to existing laws and regulations, will not adversely affect our business. In addition, because we acquire interests in properties that have been operated in the past by others, we may be liable for environmental damage caused by the former operators, which liability could be material.

Any future implementation of price controls on oil, NGLs and natural gas would affect our operations.

Certain groups have asserted efforts to have the United States Congress impose some form of price controls on either natural gas, oil or both. There is no way at this time to know what result these efforts will have nor, if implemented, their effect on our operations. However, it is possible that these efforts, if successful, would serve to limit the amount that we might be able to get for our future oil and natural gas production. Any future limits on the price of oil, NGLs and natural gas could also result in adversely affecting the demand for our drilling services.

Our shareholders' rights plan and provisions of Delaware law and our by-laws and charter could discourage change in control transactions and prevent shareholders from receiving a premium on their investment.

Our by-laws and charter provide for a classified board of directors with staggered terms and authorizes the board of directors to set the terms of preferred stock. In addition, our charter and Delaware law contain provisions that impose restrictions on business combinations with interested parties. We have also adopted a shareholders' rights plan. Because of our shareholders' rights plan and these provisions of our by-laws, charter and Delaware law, persons considering unsolicited tender offers or other unilateral takeover proposals may be more likely to negotiate with our board of directors rather than pursue non-negotiated takeover attempts. As a result, these provisions may make it more difficult for our shareholders to benefit from transactions that are opposed by an incumbent board of directors.

New technologies may cause our current exploration and drilling methods to become obsolete, resulting in an adverse effect on our production.

Our industry is subject to rapid and significant advancements in technology, including the introduction of new products and services using new technologies. As competitors use or develop new technologies, we may be placed at a competitive disadvantage, and competitive pressures may force us to implement new technologies at a

 

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substantial cost. In addition, competitors may have greater financial, technical and personnel resources that allow them to enjoy technological advantages and may in the future allow them to implement new technologies before we can. We cannot be certain that we will be able to implement technologies on a timely basis or at a cost that is acceptable to us. One or more of the technologies that we currently use or that we may implement in the future may become obsolete, and we may be adversely affected.

The results of our operations depend on our ability to transport oil and gas production to key markets.

The marketability of our oil and natural gas production depends in part on the availability, proximity and capacity of pipeline systems. The unavailability of or lack of available capacity on these systems and facilities could result in the shut-in of producing wells or the delay or discontinuance of development plans for properties. Federal and state regulation of oil and natural gas production and transportation, tax and energy policies, changes in supply and demand, pipeline pressures, damage to or destruction of pipelines and general economic conditions could adversely affect our ability to produce, gather and transport oil and natural gas.

The loss of one or a number of our larger customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

During 2007, our largest customer, Questar Corporation accounted for approximately 13% of our contract drilling revenues. No other third party customer accounted for 10% or more of our contract drilling revenues. Any of our customers may choose not to use our services and the loss of one or a number of our larger customers could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations. As of February 15, 2008, our oil and natural gas segment was using 14 of our drilling rigs.

Our mid-stream segment depends on certain natural gas producers for a significant portion of its supply of natural gas and NGLs. The loss of any of these producers could result in a decline in our volumes and revenues.

We rely on certain natural gas producers for a significant portion of our natural gas and NGL supply. While some of these producers are subject to long-term contracts, we may be unable to negotiate extensions or replacements of these contracts on favorable terms, if at all. The loss of all or even a portion of the natural gas volumes supplied by these producers, as a result of competition or otherwise, could have a material adverse effect on our mid-stream segment unless we were able to acquire comparable volumes from other sources.

 

Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

None.

 

Item 2. Properties

The information called for by this item was consolidated with and disclosed in connection with Item 1 above.

 

Item 3. Legal Proceedings

We are a party to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our business, none of which, in our opinion, will result in judgments which would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, operating results or cash flows.

 

Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders  

No matters were submitted to our security holders during the fourth quarter of 2007.

 

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PART II

 

Item 5. Market for the Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “UNT.” The following table identifies the high and low sales prices per share of our common stock for the periods indicated:

 

     2007    2006

Quarter

   High    Low    High    Low

First

   $ 52.12    $ 44.27    $ 61.88    $ 48.76

Second

   $ 65.65    $ 50.45    $ 64.83    $ 50.74

Third

   $ 63.00    $ 45.60    $ 60.13    $ 43.56

Fourth

   $ 50.41    $ 43.30    $ 52.93    $ 41.38

On February 15, 2008, the closing sale price of our common stock, as reported by the NYSE, was $52.36 per share. On that date, there were approximately 1,325 holders of record of our common stock.

We have never declared any cash dividends on our common stock and currently have no plans to declare any dividends on our common stock in the foreseeable future. Any future determination by our board of directors to pay dividends on our common stock will be made only after considering our financial condition, results of operations, capital requirements and other relevant factors. Additionally, our bank credit facility prohibits the payment of cash dividends on our common stock under certain circumstances. For further information regarding our bank credit facility's impact on our ability to pay dividends see “Our Credit Facility” under Item 7 of this report.

 

Item 6. Selected Financial Data

The following table shows selected consolidated financial data. The data should be read in conjunction with Item 7 “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” for a review of 2007, 2006 and 2005 activity.

 

     As of and for the Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005    2004    2003
     (In thousands except per share amounts)

Revenues

   $ 1,158,754    $ 1,162,385    $ 885,608    $ 519,203    $ 301,377

Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle

   $ 266,258    $ 312,177    $ 212,442    $ 90,275    $ 48,864

Net income

   $ 266,258    $ 312,177    $ 212,442    $ 90,275    $ 50,189

Income before cumulative effect of change in accounting principle per common share:

              

Basic

   $ 5.74    $ 6.75    $ 4.62    $ 1.97    $ 1.12

Diluted

   $ 5.71    $ 6.72    $ 4.60    $ 1.97    $ 1.12

Net income per common share:

              

Basic

   $ 5.74    $ 6.75    $ 4.62    $ 1.97    $ 1.15

Diluted

   $ 5.71    $ 6.72    $ 4.60    $ 1.97    $ 1.15

Total assets

   $ 2,199,819    $ 1,874,096    $ 1,456,195    $ 1,023,136    $ 712,925

Long-term debt

   $ 120,600    $ 174,300    $ 145,000    $ 95,500    $ 400

Other long-term liabilities

   $ 59,115    $ 55,741    $ 41,981    $ 37,725    $ 17,893

Cash dividends per common share

   $ —      $ —      $ —      $ —      $ —  

 

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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

Please read the following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in Item 8 of this annual report.

General

We were founded in 1963 as a contract drilling company. Today, we operate, manage and analyze our results of operations through our three principal business segments:

 

   

Contract Drilling —carried out by our subsidiary Unit Drilling Company and its subsidiaries. This segment contracts to drill onshore oil and natural gas wells for our own account and for others.

 

   

Oil and Natural Gas —carried out by our subsidiary Unit Petroleum Company. This segment explores, develops, acquires and produces oil and natural gas properties for our own account.

 

   

Gas Gathering and Processing (Mid-Stream) —carried out by our subsidiary Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C. This segment buys, sells, gathers, processes and treats natural gas for our own account and for third parties.

Executive Summary

Our drilling segment added 12 drilling rigs in 2007 and averaged an 80% utilization rate. Our oil and natural gas segment attained its longstanding objective of replacing at least 150% of the year’s production with new reserves by replacing 171% of its 2007 oil, NGLs and natural gas production. We met our production replacement objective for the 24th consecutive year by participating in the completion of 253 new wells with an 87% success rate. We recently completed an acquisition, in January 2008, involving our Segno area which is one of our key development areas. We plan to begin drilling operations on a new well in the acreage block in early 2008. Superior Pipeline continued to grow by adding three processing plants and 78 additional miles of pipeline in 2007.

Recent Events—Oil and Natural Gas

Segno Acquisition.     On January 18, 2008, we purchased a 50% interest in a 6,800 gross-acre leasehold that we did not already own in our Segno area of operations located in Hardin County, Texas. Included in the purchase were five producing wells with 4.9 Bcfe of estimated proved reserves and current production of 2.8 MMcf of natural gas per day and 88.2 barrels of condensate. The purchase price was $16.8 million which consisted of $15.8 million allocated to the reserves of the wells and $1.0 million allocated to the undeveloped leasehold. The production and reserves acquired in this purchase will be included in our 2008 results.

Outlook for 2008

Our plan for 2008 is to continue our growth. Objectives of this plan include:

 

   

Adding two new 1,500 horsepower, diesel electric drilling rigs to our drilling rig fleet.

 

   

Replacing at least 150% of our 2008 production with new oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves.

 

   

Participating in the drilling of approximately 280 wells.

 

   

Expanding our presence in the mid-stream business.

Potential risks and/or obstacles that could prevent us from achieving these objectives are many, some of which are noted elsewhere in this report and include:

 

   

We are not successful in replacing the oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves that we produce;

 

   

Lower than expected levels of cash flow from our operations;

 

   

Decreased drilling rig rates and rig utilization;

 

   

General economic and industry downturn.

 

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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Summary

In this section, we identify those critical accounting policies we follow in preparing our financial statements and related disclosures. Many of these policies require us to make difficult, subjective and complex judgments in the course of making estimates of matters that are inherently imprecise. Some accounting policies involve judgments and uncertainties to such an extent that there is reasonable likelihood that materially different amounts could have been reported under different conditions, or if different assumptions had been used. We evaluate our estimates and assumptions on a regular basis. We base our estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates and assumptions used in preparation of our financial statements. In the following discussion we will attempt to explain the nature of these estimates, assumptions and judgments, as well as the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported in our financial statements under different conditions or using different assumptions.

The following table lists the critical accounting policies, estimates and assumptions that can have a significant impact on the application of these accounting policies, and the financial statement accounts affected by these estimates and assumptions.

 

Accounting Policies

 

Estimates or Assumptions

 

Accounts Affected

Full cost method of accounting for oil, NGLs and natural gas properties

 

•   Oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves, estimates and related present value of future net revenues

•   Valuation of unproved properties

•   Estimates of future development costs

 

•   Oil and natural gas properties

•   Accumulated DD&A

•   Provision for DD&A

•   Impairment of proved and unproved properties

•   Long-term debt and interest expense

   
   
   

Accounting for ARO for oil, NGLs and natural gas properties

 

•   Cost estimates related to the plugging and abandonment of wells

•   Timing of cost incurred

 

•   Oil and natural gas properties

•   Accumulated DD&A

   

•   Provision for DD&A

   

•   Current and non-current liabilities

   

•   Operating expense

Accounting for impairment of long-lived assets

 

•   Forecast of undiscounted estimated future net operating cash flows

 

•   Drilling property and equipment

•   Accumulated depreciation

   

•   Provision for depreciation

   

•   Impairment of drilling property and equipment

Turnkey and footage drilling contracts

 

•   Estimates of costs to complete turnkey and footage contracts

 

•   Revenue and operating expense

•   Current assets and liabilities

Accounting for value of stock compensation awards

 

•   Estimates of stock volatility

•   Estimates of expected life of awards granted

•   Estimates of rates of forfeitures

 

•   Oil and natural gas properties

•   Shareholder’s equity

•   Operating expenses

   
   

Accounting for derivative instruments and hedging

 

•   Derivatives measured at fair value

•   Derivatives measured for effectiveness

 

•   Current and non-current assets and liabilities

•   Other comprehensive income as a component of equity

   

 

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Significant Estimates and Assumptions

Full Cost Method of Accounting for Oil, NGLs and Natural Gas Properties.     The determination and valuation of our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves is a very subjective process. It entails estimating underground accumulations of oil, NGLs and natural gas that cannot be measured in an exact manner. The degree of accuracy of these estimates depends on a number of factors, including, the quality and availability of geological and engineering data, the precision of the interpretations of that data, and individual judgments based on experience and training. Each year, we hire an independent petroleum engineering firm to audit our internal evaluation of our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves. The wells or locations for which estimates of reserves were audited were reserves that comprised the top 83% of the total proved discounted future net income based on the unescalated pricing policy of the SEC as taken from reserve and income projections prepared by us as of December 31, 2007.

As a general rule, the degree of accuracy of oil, NGLs and natural gas reserve estimates varies with the reserve classification and the related accumulation of available data, as shown in the following table:

 

Type of Reserves

  

Nature of Available Data

  

Degree of Accuracy

Proved undeveloped

   Data from offsetting wells, seismic data    Less accurate

Proved developed non-producing

   Logs, core samples, well tests, pressure data    More accurate

Proved developed producing

   Production history, pressure data over time    Most accurate

Assumptions as to future oil, NGLs and natural gas prices and operating and capital costs also play a significant role in estimating oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves and the estimated present value of the cash flows to be received from the future production of those reserves. Volumes of recoverable reserves are influenced by the assumed prices and costs due to what is known as the economic limit (that point in the future when the projected costs and expenses of producing recoverable oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves is greater than the projected revenues from the oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves). But more significantly, the estimated present value of the future cash flows from our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves is extremely sensitive to prices and costs, and may vary materially based on different assumptions. SEC financial accounting and reporting standards require that the pricing we use be tied to the price we received for our oil, NGLs and natural gas on the last day of the reporting period. This requirement can result in significant changes from period to period given the volatile nature of oil, NGLs and natural gas prices. For example, based on our year end 2007 oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves, a $1.00 decline in the price used to calculate our economically recoverable oil and NGLs reserves will reduce our estimated oil reserves by 48,000 barrels and estimated NGL reserves by 6,000 barrels and a $0.10 decline in the price of natural gas used to calculate our natural gas reserves will reduce our estimated economically recoverable natural gas reserves by 586,000 Mcf. Estimated future cash flows discounted at 10% before income taxes would change by $29.5 million.

We compute our provision for DD&A on a units-of-production method. Each quarter, we use the following formulas to compute the provision for DD&A for our producing properties:

 

   

DD&A Rate = Unamortized Cost / Beginning of Period Reserves

 

   

Provision for DD&A = DD&A Rate x Current Period Production

Oil, NGLs and natural gas reserve estimates have a significant impact on our DD&A rate. If reserve estimates for a property or group of properties are revised downward in the future, the DD&A rate will increase as a result of the revision. Alternatively, if reserve estimates are revised upward, the DD&A rate will decrease. Based on our 2007 production level of 54,720,000 equivalent Mcf, a 5% decline in the amount of our 2007 oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves would increase our DD&A rate by $0.13 per Mcfe and would decrease pre-tax income by $7.1 million annually. A 5% increase in the amount of our 2007 oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves would decrease our DD&A rate by $0.11 per Mcfe and would increase pre-tax income by $6.0 million annually.

 

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We account for our oil and natural gas exploration and development activities using the full cost method of accounting. Under this method, all costs incurred in the acquisition, exploration and development of oil and natural gas properties are capitalized. At the end of each quarter, the net capitalized costs of our oil and natural gas properties are limited to the lower of unamortized cost or a ceiling. The ceiling is defined as the sum of the present value (using a 10% discount rate) of the estimated future net revenues from our proved reserves, based on period-end oil, NGLs and natural gas prices adjusted for any hedging, plus the lower of cost or estimated fair value of unproved properties not included in the costs being amortized, less related income taxes. If the net capitalized costs of our oil and natural gas properties exceed the ceiling, we are required to write-down the excess amount. A ceiling test write-down is a non-cash charge to earnings. If required, it reduces earnings and impacts shareholders’ equity in the period of occurrence and results in lower depreciation, depletion and amortization expense in future periods. Once incurred, a write-down cannot be reversed.

The risk that we will be required to write-down the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties increases when oil, NGLs and natural gas prices are depressed or if we have large downward revisions in our estimated proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves. Application of these rules during periods of relatively low oil or natural gas prices, even if temporary, increases the chance of a ceiling test write-down. Based on oil, NGL and natural gas prices on December 31, 2007 ($95.98 per barrel for oil, $66.89 per barrel of NGLs and $6.22 per Mcf for natural gas), the unamortized cost of our oil and natural gas properties did not exceed the ceiling of our proved oil, NGL and natural gas reserves. Natural gas and oil prices remain volatile and any significant declines below prices used in the reserve evaluation could result in a ceiling test write-down in the future.

We use the sales method for recording natural gas sales. This method allows for the recognition of revenue, which may be more or less than our share of pro-rata production from certain wells. Our policy is to expense our pro-rata share of lease operating costs from all wells as incurred. The expenses relating to the wells in which we have an imbalance are not material.

Accounting for ARO for Oil, NGLs and Natural Gas Properties.     We record the fair value of liabilities associated with the retirement of assets having a long life. In our case, when the reserves in each of our oil or gas wells deplete or otherwise become uneconomical, we are required to incur costs to plug and abandon the wells. These costs under Financial Accounting Standards No. 143 (FAS 143), “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred (at the time the wells are drilled or acquired). We do not have any assets restricted for the purpose of settling these plugging liabilities. Our engineering staff uses historical experience to determine the estimated plugging costs taking into account the type of well (either oil or natural gas), the depth of the well and physical location of the well to determine the estimated plugging costs.

Accounting for Impairment of Long-Lived Assets.     Drilling equipment, transportation equipment, gas gathering and processing systems and other property and equipment are carried at cost. Renewals and enhancements are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are expensed. Realization of the carrying value of property and equipment is reviewed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances suggest that these carrying amounts may not be recoverable. Assets are determined to be impaired if a forecast of undiscounted estimated future net operating cash flows directly related to the asset, including disposal value if any, is less than the carrying amount of the asset. If any asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds its fair value. The estimate of fair value is based on the best information available, including prices for similar assets. Changes in these estimates could cause us to reduce the carrying value of property and equipment. An estimate of the impact to our earnings if other assumptions had been used is not practicable because of the significant number of assumptions that would be involved in the estimates.

Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquisitions over the fair value of the net assets acquired. An annual impairment test is performed in the fourth quarter to determine whether the fair value has decreased and additionally when events indicate an impairment may have occurred. Goodwill is all related to our drilling segment, and accordingly, the impairment test is generally based on the estimated future net cash flows of our drilling segment.

 

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Turnkey and Footage Drilling Contracts.     In our contract drilling operations, because we do not bear the risk of completion of a well being drilled under a “daywork” contract, we recognize revenues and expense generated under “daywork” contracts as the services are performed. Under “footage” and “turnkey” contracts we bear the risk of completion of the well, so revenues and expenses are recognized when the well is substantially completed. Substantial completion is determined when the well bore reaches the depth specified in the contract. The entire amount of a loss, if any, is recorded when the loss can be reasonably determined, however, any profit is recorded only at the time the well is finished. The costs of drilling contracts uncompleted at the end of the reporting period (which includes expenses incurred to date on “footage” or “turnkey” contracts) are included in other current assets. In 2007 and 2006, we did not drill any wells under turnkey or footage contracts.

Accounting for Value of Stock Compensation Awards.     Effective January 1, 2006, we adopted SFAS No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment,” (SFAS 123(R)) to account for stock-based compensation. Under this method, compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the fair value of an award and is recognized over the service period, which is usually the vesting period. We elected to use the modified prospective method for adoption, which requires compensation expense to be recorded for all unvested stock options and other equity-based compensation beginning in the first quarter of adoption. The determination of the fair value of an award requires significant estimates and subjective judgments regarding, among other things, the appropriate option pricing model, the expected life of the award and performance vesting criteria assumptions. As there are inherent uncertainties related to these factors and our judgment in applying them to the fair value determinations, there is risk that the recorded stock compensation may not accurately reflect the amount ultimately earned by the employee. For years prior to 2006, we accounted for our stock-based compensation in accordance with the intrinsic value method. Under this method, we recognized compensation cost as the excess, if any, of the quoted market price of our stock at the grant date over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock.

Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging.     We utilize derivative contracts to hedge against the variability in cash flows associated with the forecasted sale of our future natural gas, NGLs and oil production. We have hedged a portion of our anticipated oil, NGLs and natural gas production for the next 12-24 months. In the case of acquisitions, we may hedge acquired production for a longer period. We do not use derivative instruments for trading purposes. Under accounting rules, we may elect to designate those derivatives that qualify for hedge accounting as cash flow hedges against the price that we will receive for our future oil, NGLs and natural gas production. To the extent that changes in the fair values of the cash flow hedges offset changes in the expected cash flows from our forecasted production, such amounts are not included in our consolidated results of operations. Instead, they are recorded directly to stockholders’ equity until the hedged oil, NGLs or natural gas quantities are produced and sold. To the extent that changes in the fair values of the derivative exceed the changes in the expected cash flows from the forecasted production, the changes are recorded in income in the period in which they occur.

Mid-Stream Contracts.     We recognize revenue from the gathering and processing of natural gas and NGLs in the period the service is provided based on contractual terms.

New Accounting Standards

Fair Value Measurements.     In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157 (FAS 157), “Fair Value Measurements,” which establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements. Beginning January 1, 2008, we partially applied FAS 157 as allowed by FASB Staff Position (FSP) 157-2, which delayed the effective date of FAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and liabilities. As of January 1, 2008, we have applied the provisions of FAS 157 to our financial instruments and the impact was not material. Under FSP 157-2, we will be required to apply FAS 157 to our nonfinancial assets and liabilities beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently reviewing the applicability of FAS 157 to our nonfinancial assets and liabilities as well as the potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

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The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities.     In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 159 (FAS 159), “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115,” which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value at specified election dates. A business entity is required to report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. This statement is expected to expand the use of fair value measurement. FAS 159 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and is applicable beginning in the first quarter of 2008. We do not believe the impact of FAS 159 will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

Business Combinations .    In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 141R (FAS 141R), “Business Combinations,” which will require most identifiable assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interest (previously referred to as minority interests) and goodwill acquired in a business combination to be recorded at full fair value. FAS 141R is effective for our year beginning January 1, 2009, and will be applied prospectively. We are currently reviewing the applicability of FAS 141R to our operations and its potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Noncontrolling Interests.     In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 160 (FAS 160), “Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment to ARB No. 51,” which requires noncontrolling interests (previously referred to as minority interests) to be reported as a component of equity. FAS 160 is effective for our year beginning January 1, 2009, and will require retroactive adoption of the presentation and disclosure requirements for existing minority interests. We are currently reviewing the applicability of FAS 160 to our operations and its potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Financial Condition and Liquidity

Summary .     Our financial condition and liquidity depends on the cash flow from our operations and borrowings under our bank credit facility. Our cash flow is influenced mainly by:

 

   

the demand for and the dayrates we receive for our drilling rigs;

 

   

the quantity of natural gas, oil and NGLs we produce;

 

   

the prices we receive for our natural gas production and, to a lesser extent, the prices we receive for our oil and NGL production; and

 

   

the margins we obtain from our natural gas gathering and processing contracts.

The following is a summary of certain financial information as of December 31, and for the years ended December 31:

 

     2007     2006     2005  
     (In thousands except percentages)  

Working capital

   $ 40,611     $ 71,998     $ 51,173  

Long-term debt

   $ 120,600     $ 174,300     $ 145,000  

Shareholders’ equity

   $ 1,434,817     $ 1,158,036     $ 836,962  

Ratio of long-term debt to total capitalization

     7.8 %     13.1 %     14.8 %

Net income

   $ 266,258     $ 312,177     $ 212,442  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   $ 577,571     $ 506,702     $ 317,771  

Net cash used in investing activities

   $ (512,333 )   $ (540,723 )   $ (384,996 )

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   $ (64,751 )   $ 33,663     $ 67,507  

 

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The following table summarizes certain operating information for the years ended December 31:

 

     2007    2006    2005

Contract Drilling:

        

Average number of our drilling rigs in use during the period

     99.4      109.0      102.1

Total number of drilling rigs owned at the end of the period

     129      117      112

Average dayrate

   $ 18,663    $ 18,767    $ 12,431

Oil and Natural Gas:

        

Oil production (MBbls)

     1,091      1,012      847

Natural gas liquids production (MBbls)

     785      441      237

Natural gas production (MMcf)

     43,464      44,169      34,058

Average oil price per barrel received

   $ 70.61    $ 63.39    $ 54.47

Average NGL price per barrel received

   $ 45.03    $ 36.08    $ 34.69

Average NGL price per barrel received excluding hedges

   $ 45.01    $ 36.08    $ 34.69

Average natural gas price per mcf received

   $ 6.30    $ 6.17    $ 7.64

Average natural gas price per mcf received excluding hedges

   $ 6.24    $ 6.17    $ 7.76

Mid-Stream:

        

Gas gathered—MMBtu/day

     219,635      247,537      142,444

Gas processed—MMBtu/day

     50,350      31,833      30,613

Gas liquids sold—gallons/day

     129,421      66,902      61,665

Number of natural gas gathering systems

     36      37      36

Number of processing plants

     8      6      5

At December 31, 2007, we had unrestricted cash totaling $1.1 million and we had borrowed $120.6 million of the $275.0 million we had elected to have available under our bank credit facility.

Working Capital.     Our working capital balance fluctuates primarily as a result of the timing of our accounts receivable and accounts payable. We had working capital of $40.6 million as of December 31, 2007. This compares to working capital of $72.0 million at the end of 2006 and $51.2 million at the end of 2005.

Contract Drilling.     Our drilling work is subject to many factors that influence the number of drilling rigs we have working as well as the costs and revenues associated with that work. These factors include the demand for drilling rigs, competition from other drilling contractors, the prevailing prices for natural gas and oil, availability and cost of labor to run our drilling rigs and our ability to supply the equipment needed.

Although rig utilization declined in the fourth quarter of 2006 and continued to slowly decline throughout 2007, we do not anticipate declines in labor cost per hour due to the competition within the industry to keep qualified employees and attract individuals with the skills required to meet the future requirements of the drilling industry. To help keep qualified labor, we previously implemented longevity pay incentives and in the second quarter of 2006 provided pay increases in some of our operating districts. To date, these efforts have allowed us to meet our labor requirements. However, if current demand for drilling rigs strengthens above the 2007 levels of 80%, shortages of experienced personnel may limit our ability to operate our drilling rigs.

Most of our drilling rig fleet is used to drill natural gas wells so changes in natural gas prices have a disproportionate influence on the demand for our drilling rigs as well as the prices we can charge for our contract drilling services. In 2007, our average dayrate was $18,663 per day compared to $18,767 per day in 2006 and $12,431 per day in 2005. The average number of our drilling rigs used in 2007 was 99.4 drilling rigs (80%) compared with 109.0 drilling rigs (96%) in 2006 and 102.1 drilling rigs (97%) for 2005. Based on the average utilization of our drilling rigs during 2007, a $100 per day change in dayrates has a $9,940 per day ($3.6 million annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow. Industry demand for our drilling rigs remained strong throughout the first nine months of 2006 before declining in the fourth quarter of 2006 and into 2007. The reduction in demand for drilling rigs was primarily the result of the evaluation of the economics of drilling prospects by the operators using our contract drilling services after natural gas prices declined significantly in the

 

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last half of the third quarter of 2006 combined with high levels of natural gas storage throughout the majority of the winter season and again this summer. We expect that utilization and dayrates for our drilling rigs will continue to depend mainly on the price of natural gas, the levels of natural gas storage and the availability of drilling rigs to meet the demands of the industry.

Our contract drilling subsidiaries provide drilling services for our exploration and production subsidiary. The contracts for these services contain the same terms and rates as the contracts we use with unrelated third parties for comparable type projects. During 2007, 2006 and 2005, we drilled 77, 72 and 53 wells, respectively, for our exploration and production subsidiary. The profit associated with these wells received by our contract drilling segment of $22.7 million, $22.2 million and $8.6 million during 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, was used to reduce the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties rather than being included in our operating profit.

Impact of Prices for Our Oil, NGLs and Natural Gas.     Natural gas comprises 82% of our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves. Any significant change in natural gas prices has a material affect on our revenues, cash flow and the value of our oil, liquids and natural gas reserves. Generally, prices and demand for domestic natural gas are influenced by weather conditions, supply imbalances and by world wide oil price levels. Domestic oil prices are primarily influenced by world oil market developments. All of these factors are beyond our control and we can not predict nor measure their future influence on the prices we will receive.

Based on our production in 2007, a $0.10 per Mcf change in what we are paid for our natural gas production would result in a corresponding $339,000 per month ($4.1 million annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow. Our 2007 average natural gas price was $6.30 compared to an average natural gas price of $6.17 for 2006 and $7.64 for 2005. A $1.00 per barrel change in our oil price would have an $85,000 per month ($1.0 million annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow and a $1.00 per barrel change in our NGL prices would have a $61,000 per month ($0.7 million annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow based on our production in 2007. Our 2007 average oil price per barrel was $70.61 compared with an average oil price of $63.39 in 2006 and $54.47 in 2005 and our 2007 average NGL price per barrel was $45.03 compared with an average liquids price of $36.08 in 2006 and $34.69 in 2005.

Because natural gas prices have such a significant affect on the value of our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves, declines in these prices can result in a decline in the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties. Price declines can also adversely affect the semi-annual determination of the amount available for us to borrow under our bank credit facility since that determination is based mainly on the value of our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves. Such a reduction could limit our ability to carry out our planned capital projects.

Most of our natural gas production is sold to third parties under month-to-month contracts.

Mid-Stream Operations.     Our mid-stream operations are conducted through Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C. Superior is a mid-stream company engaged primarily in the buying and selling, gathering, processing and treating of natural gas and operates four natural gas treatment plants, eight processing plants, 36 gathering systems and 676 miles of pipeline. Superior operates in Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana and Kansas and has been in business since 1996. This subsidiary enhances our ability to gather and market not only our own natural gas but also that owned by third parties and gives us additional capacity to construct or acquire existing natural gas gathering and processing facilities. During 2007, 2006 and 2005 Superior purchased $18.4 million, $8.0 million and $6.8 million, respectively of our natural gas production and natural gas liquids and provided gathering and transportation services of $4.7 million, $5.3 million and $2.4 million, respectively. Intercompany revenue from services and purchases of production between this business segment and our oil and natural gas exploration operations has been eliminated in our consolidated condensed financial statements.

Superior gathered 219,635 MMBtu per day in 2007 compared to 247,537 MMBtu per day in 2006 and 142,444 MMBtu per day in 2005, processed 50,350 MMBtu per day in 2007 compared to 31,833 MMBtu per day

 

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in 2006 and 30,613 MMBtu per day in 2005 and sold NGLs of 129,421 gallons per day in 2007 compared to 66,902 gallons per day in 2006 and 61,665 gallons per day in 2005. Gas gathering volumes per day in 2007 decreased 11% compared to 2006 primarily due to a decline in our Southeast Oklahoma gathering system due to natural production declines associated with the connected wells and decreased new well connections. Volumes processed increased due to the addition of three natural gas processing plants in 2007 and also resulted in increased NGL volumes.

Our Credit Facility.     On December 31, 2007, we had a $275.0 million revolving credit facility. On May 24, 2007, we entered into a First Amended and Restated Senior Credit Agreement (Credit Facility) which amended and restated the credit facility entered into between us and our lenders on January 30, 2004. The Credit Facility is a revolving credit facility maturing on May 24, 2012 and has a maximum credit amount of $400.0 million. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are limited to a commitment amount elected by us. Currently we have elected to have an aggregate commitment amount of $275.0 million. We are charged a commitment fee of 0.25 to 0.375 of 1% on the amount available but not borrowed with the rate varying based on the amount borrowed as a percentage of our total borrowing base amount. We incurred origination, agency and syndication fees of $737,500 at the inception of the Credit Facility. These fees are being amortized over the life of the agreement. The average interest rate for 2007 was 6.0%. At December 31, 2007 and February 15, 2008, our borrowings were $120.6 million and $144.8 million, respectively.

The borrowing base under the Credit Facility is subject to re-determination on April 1 and October 1 of each year. Each redetermination is based primarily on a percentage of the discounted future value of our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves, as determined by the lenders, and, to a lesser extent, the loan value the lenders reasonably attribute to the cash flow (as defined in the Credit Facility) of our mid-stream operations. The company or the lenders may request a one time special redetermination of the borrowing base between each scheduled redetermination date. In addition, we may request a redetermination following the consummation of an acquisition meeting the requirements defined in the Credit Facility. The lender’s aggregate commitment is limited to the lesser of the amount of the value of the borrowing base or $400.0 million. The current borrowing base is $425.0 million.

At our election, any part of the outstanding debt may be fixed at LIBOR for a 30, 60, 90 or 180 day term. During any LIBOR funding period the outstanding principal balance of the note to which such LIBOR option applies may be repaid on three days prior notice to the administrative agent and subject to the payment of any applicable funding indemnification amounts. Interest on the LIBOR is computed at the LIBOR base applicable for the interest period plus 1.00% to 1.75% depending on the level of debt as a percentage of the borrowing base and payable at the end of each term, or every 90 days, whichever is less. Borrowings not under the LIBOR bear interest at the BOKF National Prime Rate payable at the end of each month and the principal borrowed may be paid anytime in part or in whole without premium or penalty. At December 31, 2007, all of the $120.6 million we had borrowed was subject to LIBOR.

The Credit Facility includes prohibitions against:

 

   

the payment of dividends (other than stock dividends) during any fiscal year in excess of 25% of our consolidated net income for the preceding fiscal year,

 

   

the incurrence of additional debt with certain very limited exceptions and

 

   

the creation or existence of mortgages or liens, other than those in the ordinary course of business, on any of our property, except in favor of our lenders.

The Credit Facility also requires that we have at the end of each quarter:

 

   

a consolidated net worth of at least $900.0 million,

 

   

a current ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) of not less than 1 to 1 and

 

   

a leverage ratio of long-term debt to consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Facility) for the

most recently ended rolling four fiscal quarters of no greater than 3.50 to 1.0.

 

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On December 31, 2007, we were in compliance with the covenants contained in the Credit Facility.

We entered into the following interest rate swaps to help manage our exposure to possible future interest rate increases:

 

Term

   Amount    Fixed
Rate
    Floating Rate

March 2005 – January 2008

   $ 50,000,000    3.99 %   3 month LIBOR

December 2007 – May 2012

   $ 15,000,000    4.53 %   3 month LIBOR

December 2007 – May 2012

   $ 15,000,000    4.16 %   3 month LIBOR

Capital Requirements

Drilling Acquisitions and Capital Expenditures.     In January 2006, we acquired a 1,000 horsepower drilling rig for approximately $3.9 million. This newly acquired drilling rig was modified at one of our drilling yards for an additional $1.7 million and became operational in April 2006. In May we began moving a 1,500 horsepower drilling rig to our Rocky Mountain division following completion of its construction in the first quarter of 2006 for approximately $10.2 million. In the second quarter of 2006, we also completed the purchase of two new 1,500 horsepower drilling rigs for a total of $15.2 million of which $4.6 million was paid before the second quarter of 2006 and the balance of $10.6 million was paid at delivery of the drilling rigs. An additional $3.0 million of modifications were made to the drilling rigs before the drilling rigs were placed into service. The first drilling rig was placed into service in May 2006 and the second drilling rig was placed into service in June 2006. At the end of August 2006 we completed the construction of another 1,500 horsepower rig for approximately $9.5 million which was moved into our Rocky Mountain division. In the last half of 2006 we completed construction of a 750 horsepower rig for approximately $4.5 million.

During 2006, we purchased major components to be used in the construction of two new 1,500 horsepower drilling rigs. The first rig was placed into service in our Rocky Mountain division at the end of March 2007 and the second rig was placed into service in the second quarter of 2007. The combined capitalized cost of both drilling rigs was $19.4 million. On June 5, 2007, we completed the acquisition of a privately owned drilling company operating primarily in the Texas Panhandle. The acquired company owned nine drilling rigs, a fleet of 11 trucks, and an office, shop and equipment yard. The drilling rigs range from 800 horsepower to 1,000 horsepower with depth capacities rated from 10,000 to 15,000 feet. Eight of the nine drilling rigs were operating under contracts on the acquisition date. The remaining drilling rig is being refurbished and anticipated to be placed in service during March of 2008. Results of operations for the acquired company have been included in our statements of income beginning June 5, 2007. Total consideration paid for this acquisition was $38.5 million.

For our contract drilling operations, during 2007, we recorded $220.4 million in capital expenditures including the effect of a $19.4 million deferred tax liability and $5.3 million in goodwill associated with our second quarter 2007 acquisition. For 2008, we anticipate capital expenditures to be approximately $119.0 million excluding acquisitions. We are constructing two new 1,500 horsepower, diesel electric drilling rigs. We anticipate placing these drilling rigs into service in our Rocky Mountain division during the second quarter of 2008.

We currently do not have a shortage of drill pipe and drilling equipment. At December 31, 2007, we had commitments to purchase approximately $26.5 million of drill pipe and drill collars in 2008. We also had committed to purchase $1.5 million of additional rig components with 20% or $0.3 million paid through December 31, 2007.

Oil and Natural Gas Acquisitions and Capital Expenditures.     Most of our capital expenditures are discretionary and directed toward future growth. Our decision to increase our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves through acquisitions or through drilling depends on the prevailing or expected market conditions, potential return on investment, future drilling potential and opportunities to obtain financing under the circumstances involved,

 

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all of which provide us with a large degree of flexibility in deciding when and if to incur these costs. We completed drilling 253 gross wells (96.64 net wells) in 2007 compared to 244 gross wells (85.30 net wells) in 2006 and 192 gross wells (72.63 net wells) in 2005. Our 2007 total capital expenditures for oil and natural gas exploration, excluding an $0.8 million decrease in the plugging liability in 2007, totaled $308.1 million. Currently we plan to participate in drilling an estimated 280 gross wells in 2008 and estimate our total capital expenditures for oil and natural gas exploration to be approximately $360.0 million, excluding acquisitions. Whether we are able to drill the full number of wells we are planning on drilling is dependent on a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control and include the availability of drilling rigs, prices for oil, NGLs and natural gas, the cost to drill wells, the weather and the efforts of outside industry partners.

On May 16, 2006, we closed the acquisition of certain oil and natural gas properties from a group of private entities for approximately $32.4 million in cash. Proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves involved in this acquisition consisted of approximately 14.2 Bcfe. The effective date of this acquisition was April 1, 2006 and results from this acquisition were included in the statement of income beginning May 1, 2006.

On October 13, 2006, we completed the acquisition of Brighton Energy, L.L.C., a privately owned oil and natural gas company for approximately $67.0 million in cash. Included in this acquisition was all of Brighton’s oil and natural gas assets (excluding Atoka and Coal counties in Oklahoma) and included approximately 23.1 Bcfe of proved reserves. The majority of the acquired reserves are located in the Anadarko Basin of Oklahoma and the onshore Gulf Coast basins of Texas and Louisiana, with additional reserves in Arkansas, Kansas, Montana, North Dakota and Wyoming. This acquisition had an effective date of August 1, 2006 and results of operations from this acquisition are included in the statement of income beginning October 1, 2006 with the results for the period from August 1, 2006 through September 30, 2006 included as an adjustment to the purchase price.

On January 18, 2008, we purchased a 50% interest in a 6,800 gross-acre leasehold that we did not already own in our Segno area of operations located in Hardin County, Texas. Included in the purchase were five producing wells with 4.9 Bcfe of estimated proved reserves and current production of 2.8 MMcf of natural gas per day and 88.2 barrels of condensate. The purchase price was $16.8 million which consisted of $15.8 million allocated to the reserves of the wells and $1.0 million allocated to the undeveloped leasehold. The production and reserves acquired in this purchase will be included in our 2008 results.

Mid-Stream Acquisitions and Capital Expenditures .    In September 2006, we closed the acquisition of Berkshire Energy, LLC, a private company for an adjusted purchase price of $21.7 million. The principal tangible assets of the acquired company consisted of a natural gas processing plant, a natural gas gathering system with 15 miles of pipeline, three field compressors and two plant compressors. This purchase had an effective date of July 31, 2006. The financial results of this acquisition are included in the company's statement of income from September 1, 2006 forward with the results for the period of August 1, 2006 through August 31, 2006 included as an adjustment to the purchase price.

During 2007, the mid-stream segment incurred $34.2 million in capital expenditures as compared to $42.9 million in 2006 and $21.8 million in 2005, including acquisitions. For 2008, we have budgeted capital expenditures of approximately $32.0 million. Our plan is to grow this segment through the construction of new facilities or acquisitions.

 

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Contractual Commitments.     At December 31, 2007, we had the following contractual obligations:

 

     Payments Due by Period
     Total    Less
Than

1 Year
   2-3
Years
   4-5 Years    After
5 Years
     (In thousands)

Bank debt (1)

   $ 150,178    $ 6,662    $ 13,495    $ 130,021    $ —  

Retirement agreements (2)

     723      643      80      —        —  

Operating leases (3)

     4,187      1,799      2,137      251      —  

Drill pipe, drilling components and equipment purchases (4)

     27,724      27,724      —        —        —  
                                  

Total contractual obligations

   $ 182,812    $ 36,828    $ 15,712    $ 130,272    $ —  
                                  

 

(1) See previous discussion in MD&A regarding our bank credit facility. This obligation is presented in accordance with the terms of the credit facility and includes interest calculated using our year end interest rate of 4.8% which includes the effect of the interest rate swaps.

 

(2) In the second quarter of 2001, we recorded $1.3 million in additional employee benefit expenses for the present value of a separation agreement made in connection with the retirement of King Kirchner from his position as Chief Executive Officer. The liability associated with this expense, including accrued interest, is paid in monthly payments of $25,000 which started in July 2003 and continues through June 2009. In the first quarter of 2004, we acquired a liability for the present value of a separation agreement between PetroCorp Incorporated and one of its previous officers. The liability associated with this last agreement is paid in quarterly payments of $12,500 through December 31, 2007. In the first quarter of 2005, we recorded $0.7 million in additional employee benefit expense for the present value of a separation agreement made in connection with the retirement of John Nikkel from his position as Chief Executive Officer. The liability associated with this expense, including accrued interest, is paid in monthly payments of $31,250 which started in November 2006 and continuing through October 2008. These liabilities, as presented above, are undiscounted.

 

(3) We lease office space in Tulsa and Woodward, Oklahoma; Houston and Midland, Texas; and Denver, Colorado under the terms of operating leases expiring through January 31, 2012. Additionally, we have several equipment leases and lease space on short-term commitments to stack excess drilling rig equipment and production inventory.

 

(4) We have committed to purchase approximately $26.5 million of drill pipe and drill collars in 2008. We have also committed to purchase $1.5 million of drilling rig components with 20% or $0.3 million paid through December 31, 2007.

At December 31, 2007, we also had the following commitments and contingencies that could create, increase or accelerate our liabilities:

 

     Estimated Amount of Commitment Expiration Per Period

Other Commitments

   Total
Accrued
   Less Than 1
Year
   2-3 Years    4-5 Years    After 5
Years
     (In thousands)

Deferred compensation plan (1)

   $ 2,987      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown

Separation benefit plans (2)

   $ 4,945    $ 61      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown

Derivative liabilities—interest rate swaps

   $ 249    $ 56      —        —      $ 193

Plugging liability (3)

   $ 33,191    $ 672    $ 6,550    $ 2,254    $ 23,715

Gas balancing liability (4)

   $ 3,364      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown

Repurchase obligations (5)

   $ —        Unknown      Unknown      Unknown      Unknown

Workers’ compensation liability (6)

   $ 22,469    $ 7,380    $ 4,809    $ 1,458    $ 8,822

 

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(1) We provide a salary deferral plan which allows participants to defer the recognition of salary for income tax purposes until actual distribution of benefits, which occurs at either termination of employment, death or certain defined unforeseeable emergency hardships. We recognize payroll expense and record a liability, included in other long-term liabilities in our Consolidated Balance Sheet, at the time of deferral.

 

(2) Effective January 1, 1997, we adopted a separation benefit plan (“Separation Plan”). The Separation Plan allows eligible employees whose employment with us is involuntarily terminated or, in the case of an employee who has completed 20 years of service, voluntarily or involuntarily terminated, to receive benefits equivalent to four weeks salary for every whole year of service completed with the company up to a maximum of 104 weeks. To receive payments the recipient must waive any claims against us in exchange for receiving the separation benefits. On October 28, 1997, we adopted a Separation Benefit Plan for Senior Management (“Senior Plan”). The Senior Plan provides certain officers and key executives of the company with benefits generally equivalent to the Separation Plan. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has absolute discretion in the selection of the individuals covered in this plan. On May 5, 2004 we also adopted the Special Separation Benefit Plan (“Special Plan”). This plan is identical to the Separation Benefit Plan with the exception that the benefits under the plan vest on the earliest of a participant’s reaching the age of 65 or serving 20 years with the company. At December 31, 2007, there were 31 eligible employees to participate in the plan.

 

(3) When a well is drilled or acquired, under Financial Accounting Standards No. 143 (FAS 143), “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” we have recorded the fair value of liabilities associated with the retirement of long-lived assets (mainly plugging and abandonment costs for our depleted wells).

 

(4) We have recorded a liability for those properties we believe do not have sufficient oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves to allow the under-produced owners to recover their under-production from future production volumes.

 

(5) We formed The Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership and the 1986 Energy Income Limited Partnership along with private limited partnerships (the “Partnerships”) with certain qualified employees, officers and directors from 1984 through 2007, with a subsidiary of ours serving as general partner. The Partnerships were formed for the purpose of conducting oil and natural gas acquisition, drilling and development operations and serving as co-general partner with us in any additional limited partnerships formed during that year. The Partnerships participated on a proportionate basis with us in most drilling operations and most producing property acquisitions commenced by us for our own account during the period from the formation of the Partnership through December 31 of that year. These partnership agreements require, on the election of a limited partner, that we repurchase the limited partner’s interest at amounts to be determined by appraisal in the future. Such repurchases in any one year are limited to 20% of the units outstanding. We made repurchases of $7,000 and $4,000 in 2006 and 2005, respectively and had no repurchases in 2007.

 

(6) We have recorded a liability for future estimated payments related to workers’ compensation claims primarily associated with our contract drilling segment.

Hedging Activities.     Periodically we hedge interest rates and the prices to be received for a portion of our future natural gas, oil and NGL production. We do so in an attempt to reduce the impact and uncertainty that price variations have on our cash flow.

 

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Interest Rate Swaps.     We enter into interest rate swaps to help manage our exposure to possible future interest rate increases. As of December 31, 2007, we had three interest rate swaps which were cash flow hedges. There was no material amount of ineffectiveness. The fair value of these swaps was recognized on the December 31, 2007 balance sheet as current and non-current derivative assets and liabilities and presented in the table below:

 

Term

   Amount    Fixed
Rate
    Floating Rate    Fair
Value
Asset
(Liability)
 
     ($ in thousands)  

March 2005 – January 2008

   $ 50,000    3.99 %   3 month LIBOR    $ 96  

December 2007 – May 2012

   $ 15,000    4.53 %   3 month LIBOR      (240 )

December 2007 – May 2012

   $ 15,000    4.16 %   3 month LIBOR      (9 )
                
           $ (153 )
                

As a result of these interest rate swaps, interest expense decreased by $0.7 million and $0.5 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively, and increased by $0.2 million in 2005. A loss of $0.1 million, net of tax, is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2007.

Commodity Hedges .    We use hedging to reduce price volatility and manage price risks. Our decision on the quantity and price at which we choose to hedge certain of our products is based in part on our view of current and future market conditions. In 2007, in our oil and gas segment, approximately 22% of our natural gas production and 3% of our NGL production, was subject to derivative contracts and in our mid-stream segment, approximately 28% of our NGL production and 6% of our natural gas processing, was subject to derivative contracts. In 2006, none of our oil and gas segment’s production was subject to derivative contracts as compared to 2005 when approximately 32% of its oil production and 13% of its natural gas production was subject to derivative contracts.

For 2008, in an attempt to better manage our cash flows, we have increased the amount of our hedged production. As of February 15, 2008, in our oil and gas segment approximately 77% of our current daily oil production is hedged for January through December 2008, 40% of our current daily natural gas production is hedged for January through December 2008, and 75% of our current monthly NGL production is hedged January through April 2008. In our mid-stream segment, approximately 32% of our anticipated monthly NGL processing along with the associated natural gas purchases is hedged for January through April 2008, 20% of our anticipated monthly ethane and 35% of our anticipated monthly propane volumes along with the associated natural gas purchases is hedged for May through July 2008, and 11% of our anticipated monthly propane volumes along with the associated natural gas purchases is hedged for August through December 2008.

For 2009, as of February 15, 2008, in our oil and gas segment approximately 16% of our current daily natural gas production is hedged for the period January through December 2009.

While the use of hedging arrangements limits the downside risk of adverse price movements, it also may limit our future revenues from favorable price movements.

The use of hedging transactions also involves the risk that the counterparties will be unable to meet the financial terms of the transactions. At December 31, 2007, Bank of Montreal, Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., and Bank of America, N.A. were the counterparties with respect to all of our commodity hedging transactions.

Currently all of our commodity hedges are cash flow hedges and there is no material amount of ineffectiveness. At December 31, 2007, we recorded the fair value of our commodity hedges on our balance sheet as derivative assets of $2.0 million and derivative liabilities of $0.1 million. At December 31, 2006, we had derivative assets of $1.4 million and no derivative liabilities.

 

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We recognize the effective portion of changes in fair value as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and reclassify the sales to revenue and the purchases to expense as the underlying transactions are settled. As of December 31, 2007, we had a gain of $2.1 million, net of tax, from our oil and natural gas segment derivatives and a loss of $0.8 million, net of tax, from our mid-stream segment derivatives in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). At December 31, 2007 all of our commodity instruments were short-term and will be settled into earnings within twelve months. Realized earnings from our commodity derivative settlements included in revenues and expense were as follows at December 31:

 

     2007     2006    2005  
     (In thousands)  

Increases (decreases) in:

       

Oil and natural gas revenue

   $ 2,589     $     —      $ (4,081 )

Gas gathering and processing revenue

     (2,078 )     —        —    

Gas gathering and processing expense

     1,694       —        —    
                       

Impact on pre-tax earnings

   $ (1,183 )   $ —      $ (4,081 )
                       

At December 31, 2007, the following cash flow hedges were outstanding:

Oil and Natural Gas Segment:

 

Term

 

Sell/

Purchase

 

Commodity

  

Hedged Volume

 

Average Fixed Price

 

Market

Jan’08 – Apr’08

  Sell   Liquids—swap (1)    388,000 Gal/mo   $1.235   OPIS—Conway

Jan’08 – Apr’08

  Sell   Liquids—swap (1)    500,000 Gal/mo   $1.164   OPIS—Mont Belvieu

Jan’08 – Dec’08

  Sell   Crude oil—swap    1,000 Bbl/day   $91.32   WTI—NYMEX

Jan’08 – Dec’08

  Sell   Crude oil—collar    1,000 Bbl/day   $85.00 put & $98.75 call   WTI—NYMEX

Jan’08 – Dec’08

  Sell   Natural gas—swap    10,000 MMBtu/day   $7.615   IF—Centerpoint East

Jan’08 – Dec’08

  Sell   Natural gas—collar    10,000 MMBtu/day   $7.00 put & $8.40 call   IF—Centerpoint East

Jan’08 – Dec’08

  Sell   Natural gas—collar    10,000 MMBtu/day   $7.20 put & $8.80 call   IF—CP Tenn (Zone 0)

 

(1) Types of liquids include ethane and propane.

Mid-Stream Segment:

 

Term

 

Sell/
Purchase

 

Commodity

 

Hedged Volume

  Average Fixed Price  

Market

Jan’08 – Apr’08

  Sell   Liquids—swap (1)   1,836,000 Gal/mo   $1.424   OPIS—Conway

Jan’08 – Apr’08

  Purchase   Naturalgas—swap   171,000 MMBtu/mo   $6.673   IF—PEPL

May’08 – Jul’08

  Sell   Liquids—swap (2)   1,038,000 Gal/mo   $1.109   OPIS—Conway

May’08 – Jul’08

  Purchase   Natural gas—swap   85,000 MMBtu/mo   $6.415   IF—PEPL

 

(1) Types of liquids include natural gasoline, ethane, propane, isobutane and natural butane.

 

(2) Types of liquids include ethane and propane.

 

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Subsequent to December 31, 2007, we entered into the following cash flow hedges:

Oil and Natural Gas Segment:

 

Term

 

Sell /
Purchase

 

Commodity

 

Hedged Volume

 

Average Fixed Price

 

Market

Jan’08 – Apr’08

  Sell   Liquids—swap (1)   194,000 Gal/mo   $1.288   OPIS—Conway

Jan’08 – Apr’08

  Sell   Liquids—swap (1)   250,000 Gal/mo   $1.239   OPIS—Mont Belvieu

Jan’08 – Dec’08

  Sell   Crude oil—collar   500 Bbl/day   $90.00 put & $102.50 call   WTI—NYMEX

Feb’08 – Dec’08

  Sell   Natural gas—swap   10,000 MMBtu/day   $7.433   IF—Centerpoint East

Feb’08 – Dec’08

  Sell   Natural gas—collar   10,000 MMBtu/day   $7.50 put & $8.70 call   NGPL—TXOK

Jan’09 – Dec’09

  Sell   Natural gas—swap   10,000 MMBtu/day   $7.77   IF—Centerpoint East

Jan’09 – Dec’09

  Sell   Natural gas—swap   10,000 MMBtu/day   $8.28   IF—CP Tenn (Zone 0)

 

(1) Types of liquids include ethane and propane.

Mid-Stream Segment:

 

Term

  

Sell/
Purchase

 

Commodity

  

Hedged Volume

  

Average Fixed Price

 

Market

Aug’08 – Dec’08

   Sell   Propane    188,000 Gal/mo    $1.434   OPIS—Conway

Aug’08 – Dec’08

   Purchase   Natural gas—swap    17,000 MMBtu/mo    $6.908   IF—PEPL

Stock and Incentive Compensation .     During 2007, we granted awards covering 616,907 shares of restricted stock. These awards included specific one time retention awards as well as awards which were part of our annual compensation determinations. We also granted awards covering 101,236 shares of stock appreciation rights to certain of our executive officers in 2007. In 2006, 44,665 shares of SARs was granted and in 2005, 38,190 shares of restricted stock was granted. During 2007, we recognized compensation expense of $4.6 million for all of our restricted stock and SARs grants. The 2007 restricted stock awards and SARs had an estimated fair value as of the grant date of $26.3 million. Compensation expense will be recognized over the three year vesting periods, and during 2007, we recognized $2.1 million in additional compensation expense and capitalized $0.5 million for these awards granted. In total for 2007, we recognized stock compensation expense for restricted stock awards, stock options and SARs of $4.8 million and capitalized stock compensation cost for oil and natural gas properties of $1.2 million.

Self-Insurance .     We are self-insured for certain losses relating to workers’ compensation, general liability, property damage, control of well and employee medical benefits. In addition, our insurance policies contain deductibles or retentions per occurrence that range from $0.25 million for Oklahoma workers' compensation, as well as claims under our occupation benefits plan to $1.0 million for general liability and drilling rig physical damage. We have purchased stop-loss coverage in order to limit, to the extent feasible, our per occurrence and aggregate exposure to certain types of claims. However, there is no assurance that the insurance coverage we have will adequately protect us against liability from all potential consequences. If our insurance coverage becomes more expensive, we may choose to decrease our limits and increase our deductibles rather than pay higher premiums. We have elected to use an ERISA governed occupational injury benefit plan to cover the field and support staff for drilling operations in the State of Texas in lieu of covering them under Texas workers’ compensation.

Oil and Natural Gas Limited Partnerships and Other Entity Relationships.     We are the general partner of 13 oil and natural gas partnerships which were formed privately or publicly. Each partnership’s revenues and costs are shared under formulas set out in that partnership's agreement. The partnerships repay us for contract drilling, well supervision and general and administrative expense. Related party transactions for contract drilling and well supervision fees are the related party’s share of such costs. These costs are billed on the same basis as billings to unrelated third parties for similar services. General and administrative reimbursements consist of

 

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direct general and administrative expense incurred on the related party’s behalf as well as indirect expenses assigned to the related parties. Allocations are based on the related party’s level of activity and are considered by us to be reasonable. During 2007, 2006 and 2005, the total we received for all of these fees was $1.6 million, $1.3 million and $1.0 million, respectively. We expect that these fees for 2008 will be comparable to those in 2007. Our proportionate share of assets, liabilities and net income relating to the oil and natural gas partnerships is included in our consolidated financial statements.

Effects of Inflation

The effect of inflation in the oil and natural gas industry is primarily driven by the prices for oil and natural gas. Increases in these prices increase the demand for our contract drilling rigs and services. This increase in demand in turn affects the dayrates we can obtain for our contract drilling services. Before 1999, the effect of inflation on our operations was minimal due to low inflation rates, relatively low natural gas and oil prices and moderate demand for our contract drilling services. Over the last six years natural gas and oil prices have been more volatile, and during periods of higher demand for our drilling rigs we have experienced increases in labor costs as well as the costs of services to support our drilling rigs. During this same period, when oil, NGLs and natural gas prices did decline, labor rates did not come back down to the levels existing before the increases. If natural gas prices increase substantially for a long period, shortages in support equipment (such as drill pipe, third party services and qualified labor) will result in additional increases in our material and labor costs. Increases in dayrates for drilling rigs also increase the cost of our oil and natural gas properties. With an overall increase in drilling activity throughout the industry, costs for goods and services related to both our oil and natural gas exploration segment, and our mid-stream segment have been increasing. These conditions may limit our ability to realize increases in our operating profits. How inflation will affect us in the future will depend on additional increases, if any, realized in our drilling rig rates, the prices we receive for our oil, NGLs and natural gas and the rates we receive for gathering and processing natural gas.

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

We do not currently utilize any off-balance sheet arrangements with unconsolidated entities to enhance liquidity and capital resource positions, or for any other purpose. However, as is customary in the oil and gas industry, we have various contractual commitments.

 

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Results of Operations

2007 versus 2006

Provided below is a comparison of selected operating and financial data between the years of 2007 and 2006:

 

     2007     2006     Percent
Change
 

Total revenue

   $ 1,158,754,000     $ 1,162,385,000     %

Net income

   $ 266,258,000     $ 312,177,000     (15 )%

Contract Drilling:

      

Revenue

   $ 627,642,000     $ 699,396,000     (10 )%

Operating costs excluding depreciation

   $ 304,780,000     $ 313,882,000     (3 )%

Percentage of revenue from daywork contracts

     100 %     100 %   %

Average number of drilling rigs in use

     99.4       109.0     (9 )%

Average dayrate on daywork contracts

   $ 18,663     $ 18,767     (1 )%

Depreciation

   $ 56,804,000     $ 51,959,000     9 %

Oil and Natural Gas:

      

Revenue

   $ 391,480,000     $ 357,599,000     9 %

Operating costs excluding depreciation, depletion and amortization

   $ 97,109,000     $ 81,120,000     20 %

Average natural gas price (Mcf)

   $ 6.30     $ 6.17     2 %

Average oil price (Bbl)

   $ 70.61     $ 63.39     11 %

Average natural gas liquids price (Bbl)

   $ 45.03     $ 36.08     25 %

Natural gas production (Mcf)

     43,464,000       44,169,000     (2 )%

Oil production (Bbl)

     1,091,000       1,012,000     8 %

NGL production (Bbl)

     785,000       441,000     78 %

Depreciation, depletion and amortization rate (Mcfe)

   $ 2.32     $ 2.04     14 %

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

   $ 127,417,000     $ 108,124,000     18 %

Mid-Stream Operations:

      

Revenue

   $ 138,595,000     $ 101,863,000     36 %

Operating costs excluding depreciation and amortization

   $ 119,776,000     $ 88,834,000     35 %

Depreciation and amortization

   $ 11,059,000     $ 6,247,000     77 %

Gas gathered—MMBtu/day

     219,635       247,537     (11 )%

Gas processed—MMBtu/day

     50,350       31,833     58 %

Gas liquids sold—Gallons/day

     129,421       66,902     93 %

General and administrative expense

   $ 22,036,000     $ 18,690,000     18 %

Interest expense

   $ 6,362,000     $ 5,273,000     21 %

Income tax expense

   $ 147,153,000     $ 176,079,000     (16 )%

Average interest rate

     6.0 %     5.9 %   2 %

Average long-term debt outstanding

   $ 170,141,000     $ 135,617,000     25 %

Contract Drilling:

Industry demand for our drilling rigs remained strong throughout the first nine months of 2006 before declining in the fourth quarter of 2006. Our utilization rate for 2007 was 80% as our utilization fluctuated slightly above or below the 80% level throughout the last six months of 2007. The reduction in demand for drilling rigs, which started in the fourth quarter of 2006, was primarily the result of the evaluation of the economics of drilling prospects by the operators using our contract drilling services after natural gas prices declined significantly in the last half of the third quarter of 2006. High levels of natural gas storage throughout the majority of the 2006 winter season and again during the summer of 2007 also contributed to reduced demand for drilling rigs. Drilling

 

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revenues decreased $71.8 million or 10% in 2007 versus 2006. Average rig utilization declined from 109.0 drilling rigs in 2006 to 99.4 in 2007. The decline in rig utilization decreased drilling revenues by $61.5 million while decreases in revenue per day between the comparative periods decreased revenue by $10.3 million. Our average dayrate in 2007 was 1% lower than in 2006. Our average dayrate in January 2007 was $19,713 and declined steadily throughout the year, averaging $17,945 in December 2007. We anticipate average dayrates to continue to decline through early 2008, with our utilization rate remaining at approximately 80%.

Drilling operating costs decreased $9.1 million or 3% between 2007 and 2006. Operating cost decreased as a result of 9.6 fewer drilling rigs operating between the comparative years and reductions in workers’ compensation cost. Operating cost increased $509 per day in 2007 when compared with 2006 with $178 per day of the increase resulting from increases in direct drilling cost and $48 per day resulting from $1.8 million of bad debt expense. The remainder of the increase resulted from additional yard, truck and auto expense associated with the acquisition of additional facilities and equipment from our June 2007 rig acquisition and from increases in daily cost for rig maintenance and compensation expense to retain qualified drilling staff. With continued competition for qualified labor and utilization continuing around 80%, we expect our drilling rig expense per day to remain steady or increase slightly in 2008. Contract drilling depreciation increased $4.8 million or 9% as the total number of drilling rigs owned increased between the comparative periods.

Oil and Natural Gas:

Oil and natural gas revenues increased $33.9 million or 9% in 2007 as compared to 2006 due to an increase in equivalent production volumes of 3% and an increase in average oil, NGL and natural gas prices. Average oil prices between the comparative years increased 11% to $70.61 per barrel, NGL prices increased 25% to $45.03 per barrel and natural gas prices increased 2% to $6.30 per Mcf. In 2007, oil production increased 8% and NGL production increased 78% while natural gas production decreased by 2%. Natural gas production increases were limited in the first quarter of 2007 due to adverse weather which slowed the timing for completion of certain wells and pipeline construction delays which prevented the connection of wells that had recently been drilled and completed. Increased oil and NGL production came primarily from our ongoing development drilling activity and from acquisitions completed in 2006. With the continuation of our internal drilling program and our previous acquisitions, our total production for 2008 compared to 2007 is anticipated to increase 8% to 11%. Actual increases in revenues, however, will also be driven by commodity prices received for our production.

Oil and natural gas operating costs increased $16.0 million or 20% in 2007 as compared to 2006. An increase in the average cost per equivalent Mcf produced represented 81% of the increase in operating costs with the remaining 19% of the increase attributable to the increase in volumes produced from both development drilling and producing property acquisitions. Increases in general and administrative expenses directly related to oil and natural gas production, lease operating expenses and gross production taxes contributed to the majority of the operating cost increase. General and administrative expenses increased as labor costs increased primarily due to a 21% increase in the average number of employees working in the exploration and production area. Total depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”) increased $19.3 million or 18%. Higher production volumes accounted for 19% of the increase while increases in our DD&A rate represented 81% of the increase. The increase in our DD&A rate in 2007 compared to 2006 resulted primarily from a 10% increase in the cost of Mcf equivalents added to our reserves in 2007 compared to 2006. Increases in natural gas and oil prices over the last two years have also caused increased sales prices for producing property acquisitions and even with the increased sales prices; we continue to see strong competition for producing property acquisitions.

Mid-Stream:

Our mid-stream revenues were $36.7 million or 36% higher in 2007 as compared to 2006 due to the higher NGL volumes sold and processed volumes combined with higher NGL and natural gas prices. The average price for NGLs sold increased 24% and the average price for natural gas sold increased 2%. Gas processing volumes per day increased 58% between the comparative years and NGLs sold per day increased 93% between the comparative years. An 11% decrease in gathering volumes per day partially offset the increase in revenue from

 

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natural gas liquids and processing sales. The significant increase in volumes processed per day is primarily attributable to the acquisition of a processing plant in September of 2006 and the installation of three processing plants in 2007 combined to a lesser extent with volumes added from new wells connected to existing systems throughout 2007. NGLs sold volumes per day increased due to recent upgrades to several of our processing facilities. Gas gathering volumes decreased primarily from a decline in volumes gathered from our Southeast Oklahoma gathering system due to natural declines of production in the formation and decreased well connections. NGL sales were reduced $2.1 million due to the impact of NGL hedges.

Operating costs increased $30.9 million or 35% in 2007 compared to 2006 due to a 33% increase in natural gas volumes purchased and a 5% increase in prices paid for natural gas purchased, a 54% increase in field direct operating cost due to the additions to our natural gas gathering and processing systems and the volume of natural gas processed and a 51% increase in general and administrative expenses. The total number of employees working in our mid-stream segment increased by 29%. Depreciation and amortization increased $4.8 million, or 77%, primarily attributable to the additional depreciation and amortization associated with tangible and intangible assets acquired between the comparative periods. Operating costs increased $1.7 million in 2007 over 2006 due to the impact of natural gas purchase hedges.

Other:

General and administrative expense increased $3.3 million or 18% in 2007 compared to 2006. The increase was primarily attributable to increased stock based compensation costs and increased payroll expenses due to a 16% increase in the number of employees added and to a lesser extent an increase in insurance cost.

Total interest expense increased $1.1 million or 21% between the comparative periods. Average debt outstanding was 25% higher in 2007 as compared to 2006 primarily due to the acquisition of producing properties in the last four months of 2006 and the acquisition of a drilling company in the second quarter of 2007. Average debt outstanding accounted for approximately 90% of the interest expense increase, with the remaining 10% resulting from an increase in average interest rates on our bank debt. Interest expense was reduced $0.7 million in 2007 and $0.5 million in 2006 from settlements on our interest rate swap. Associated with our increased level of undeveloped inventory of oil and natural gas properties, the construction of additional drilling rigs and the construction of gas gathering systems, we capitalized $4.6 million of interest in 2007 compared to $3.5 million in 2006.

Income tax expense decreased $28.9 million or 16% due primarily to the decrease in income before income taxes. Our effective tax rate for 2007 was 35.6% versus 36.1% in 2006 with the change due primarily to the increase in manufacturing tax deduction for 2007. The portion of our taxes reflected as current income tax expense for 2007 was $66.6 million or 45% of total income tax expense in 2007 as compared with $112.8 million or 64% of total income tax expense in 2006. The reduction in the percentage of tax expense recognized as current is the result of increased intangible drilling costs to be deducted in the current year. Income taxes paid in 2007 were $73.4 million.

In January 2006, one of our drilling rigs was destroyed by a fire. No personnel were injured although the drilling rig was a total loss. Insurance proceeds for the loss exceeded our net book value and provided a gain of approximately $1.0 million which is recorded in other revenues.

 

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2006 versus 2005

Provided below is a comparison of selected operating and financial data between the years of 2006 and 2005:

 

     2006     2005     Percent
Change
 

Total revenue

   $ 1,162,385,000     $ 885,608,000     31 %

Net income

   $ 312,177,000     $ 212,442,000     47 %

Contract Drilling:

      

Revenue

   $ 699,396,000     $ 462,141,000     51 %

Operating costs excluding depreciation

   $ 313,882,000     $ 266,472,000     18 %

Percentage of revenue from daywork contracts

     100 %     100 %   %

Average number of drilling rigs in use

     109.0       102.1     7 %

Average dayrate on daywork contracts

   $ 18,767     $ 12,431     51 %

Depreciation

   $ 51,959,000     $ 42,876,000     21 %

Oil and Natural Gas:

      

Revenue

   $ 357,599,000     $ 318,208,000     12 %

Operating costs excluding depreciation, depletion and amortization

   $ 81,120,000     $ 60,779,000     33 %

Average natural gas price (Mcf)

   $ 6.17     $ 7.64     (19 )%

Average oil price (Bbl)

   $ 63.39     $ 54.47     16 %

Average natural gas liquids price (Bbl)

   $ 36.08     $ 34.69     4 %

Natural gas production (Mcf)

     44,169,000       34,058,000     30 %

Oil production (Bbl)

     1,012,000       847,000     19 %

NGL production (Bbl)

     441,000       237,000     86 %

Depreciation, depletion and amortization rate (Mcfe)

   $ 2.04     $ 1.65     24 %

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

   $ 108,124,000     $ 67,282,000     61 %

Mid-Stream Operations:

      

Revenue

   $ 101,863,000     $ 100,464,000     1 %

Operating costs excluding depreciation and amortization

   $ 88,834,000     $ 92,467,000     (4 )%

Depreciation and amortization

   $ 6,247,000     $ 3,279,000     91 %

Gas gathered—MMBtu/day

     247,537       142,444     74 %

Gas processed—MMBtu/day

     31,833       30,613     4 %

Gas liquids sold—Gallons/day

     66,902       61,665     8 %

General and administrative expense

   $ 18,690,000     $ 14,343,000     30 %

Interest expense

   $ 5,273,000     $ 3,437,000     53 %

Income tax expense

   $ 176,079,000     $ 122,231,000     44 %

Average interest rate

     5.9 %     4.8 %   23 %

Average long-term debt outstanding

   $ 135,617,000     $ 107,161,000     27 %

Contract Drilling:

Industry demand for our drilling rigs increased throughout 2005 and remained strong during the first three quarters of 2006 before beginning to soften in the last half of the fourth quarter. Drilling revenues increased $237.3 million or 51% in 2006 versus 2005. During 2005, we added 12 drilling rigs from acquisition and construction and during 2006 we added six drilling rigs primarily through construction and we lost one rig to fire in January 2006. The 17 net additional drilling rigs added during the two years helped increase our 2006 drilling revenues by approximately 27%. The increase in utilization from these additional drilling rigs and the increase in utilization of our previously owned drilling rigs represented 13% of the increase in our drilling revenues while

 

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increases in dayrates and mobilization fees accounted for the remaining 87% of the increase. Our average dayrate in 2006 was 51% higher than in 2005.

Drilling operating costs increased $47.4 million or 18% over 2005. Thirty-eight percent of this increase resulted from the net 17 drilling rigs placed in service during 2005 and 2006 and increased utilization of our previously owned drilling rigs, while increases in operating cost per day accounted for the remaining 62% of the increase. Operating cost per day increased $736 in 2006 when compared with 2005. A majority of the increase was attributable to costs directly associated with the drilling of wells with increases in labor cost the primary reason for the increase. Demand for drilling rigs softened in the fourth quarter of 2006 as operators reevaluated their drilling programs in response to the declines in natural gas prices late in the third quarter of 2006. We did not drill any turnkey or footage wells in 2006 and we had one footage well in 2005. Contract drilling depreciation increased $9.1 million or 21%. The addition of the 17 net drilling rigs placed in service during 2005 and 2006 increased depreciation $4.1 million or 10% with the remainder of the increase attributable to the increase in utilization of previously owned drilling rigs.

Oil and Natural Gas:

Our 2006 oil and natural gas revenues increased $39.4 million or 12% as compared to 2005. A 30% increase in equivalent oil, NGL and natural gas volumes along with increased oil and NGL prices accounted for the increase while a decrease in natural gas prices partially offset the increase. Average oil prices between the comparative years increased 16% to $63.39 per barrel and NGL prices increased 4% to $36.08 per barrel while natural gas prices declined 19% to $6.17 per Mcf. In 2006, natural gas production increased 30% while oil production increased 19% and NGL production increased 86%. The increase in oil, NGL and natural gas production came primarily from our ongoing development drilling activity, the two acquisitions completed in 2005 and from the two acquisitions completed in 2006.

Oil and natural gas operating costs increased $20.3 million or 33% in 2006 as compared to 2005. An increase in the average cost per equivalent Mcf produced represented 20% of the increase with the remaining 80% attributable to the increase in volumes produced from both development drilling and producing property acquisitions. Lease operating expenses represented 74% of the increase, gross production taxes 12%, general and administrative cost directly related to oil and natural gas production 12%, and accretion in plugging liability 2%. Lease operating expenses per Mcfe increased 18% between the comparative years. Workover expenses represented 4% of the increase of lease operating expenses while the remaining 96% was primarily due to increases in the cost of goods and services and the 242 net wells added from acquisitions and drilling in 2006. Gross production taxes increased due to the increase in natural gas and oil volumes produced and the increase in oil prices between the comparative years partially offset by decreases in natural gas prices. General and administrative cost increased primarily from a 14% increase in the number of our employees. Total DD&A on our oil and natural gas properties increased $40.8 million or 61%. Higher production volumes contributed to 50% of the increase and increases in the DD&A rate represented the other 50% of the increase. The increase in the DD&A rate in 2006 as compared to 2005, resulted from an 18% higher overall finding cost per equivalent Mcf.

Mid-Stream:

Our mid-stream revenues were $1.4 million higher in 2006 versus 2005 due to the higher volumes transported offset by lower natural gas prices on volumes sold. Gas gathering volumes per day in 2006 were 74% higher as compared to 2005 while gas processing volumes per day increased 4%. The significant increase in volumes gathered per day is primarily attributable to one natural gas gathering system that gathered 141,645 MMBtu and 68,297 MMBtu per day during 2006 and 2005, respectively. One of our largest gathering systems changed pipeline outlets between the comparative periods and the new outlet accepted the delivered natural gas unprocessed, which offset most of the increase we had in processed natural gas between the years. Operating costs decreased 4% in 2006 compared with 2005 due a 19% decrease in prices paid for natural gas purchased. The decrease in natural gas purchases was partially offset by an 87% increase in field direct operating cost due to

 

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the growth in our natural gas gathering systems and the volume of natural gas transported. The 91% increase in depreciation and amortization in our mid-stream segment came from the additional depreciation associated with tangible assets acquired during the comparative periods and the $0.9 million amortization of intangible assets associated with the acquisition of Berkshire Energy, LLC.

Other:

General and administrative expense in 2006 increased $4.3 million or 30%. The increase was primarily from increases in the number of employees associated with the growth of the company and $1.7 million of additional expense incurred after the implementation of Financial Accounting Standards (FAS) No. 123(R) “Share-Based Payment “ which requires the recognition of expense related to the value of stock options and restricted stock granted over their vesting period.

Total interest expense increased 53% between the comparative years. Our average debt outstanding was higher in 2006 as compared to 2005 because of the capital expenditures made in the fourth quarter of 2005 and throughout 2006. The increase in interest rates accounted for 54% of the interest expense increase while the increase in average debt outstanding accounted for approximately 46% of the increase. Settlements of our interest rate swap partially offset the increase in our bank interest rate. Associated with our increased level of development of our oil and natural gas properties and the construction of additional drilling rigs and natural gas gathering systems, we capitalized $3.5 million of interest in 2006 compared to $2.2 million in 2005.

Our 2006 income tax expense increased $53.9 million or 44% over 2005 due primarily to our increase in income before income taxes. Our effective tax rate for 2006 was 36.1% versus 36.5% in 2005. The decrease in the effective tax rate resulted primarily from decreased state tax expense associated with increased operations in states with lower income tax rates. As a result of the increase in our pre-tax income and the prior use of our net operating loss carryforwards, the portion of our taxes reflected as current income tax expense increased in 2006 when compared with 2005. Current income tax expense for 2006 and 2005 was $112.8 million and $64.6 million, respectively.

 

Item 7A.     Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk

Our operations are exposed to market risks primarily as a result of changes in the prices for natural gas and oil and interest rates.

Commodity Price Risk.     Our major market risk exposure is in the prices we receive for our oil, NGLs and natural gas production. The prices we receive are primarily driven by the prevailing worldwide price for crude oil and market prices applicable to our natural gas production. Historically, these prices have fluctuated and we expect these prices to continue to fluctuate. The price of oil, NGLs and natural gas also affects both the demand for our drilling rigs and the amount we can charge for the use of our drilling rigs. Based on our 2007 production, a $0.10 per Mcf change in what we are paid for our natural gas production would result in a corresponding $339,000 per month ($4.1 million annualized) change in our pre-tax cash flow. A $1.00 per barrel change in our oil price would have an $85,000 per month ($1.0 million annualized) change in our pre-tax operating cash flow and a $1.00 per barrel change in our NGLs prices would have a $61,000 per month ($0.7 million annualized) change in our pre-tax cash flow.

In an effort to try and reduce the impact of price fluctuations, over the past several years we have periodically used hedging strategies to hedge the price we will receive for a portion of our future oil, NGLs and natural gas production. A detailed explanation of those transactions has been included under Hedging Activities in the financial condition portion of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included above.

 

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In an effort to try and reduce the impact of price fluctuations received for natural gas liquids, we entered into a series of natural gas liquid sales and natural gas purchase swaps to effectively lock in the fractionation spread we receive on a portion of our liquids processed and sold. A detailed explanation of those transactions has been included under Hedging Activities in the financial condition portion of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included above.

Interest Rate Risk.     Our interest rate exposure relates to our long-term debt, all of which bears interest at variable rates based on the BOKF National Prime Rate or the LIBOR Rate. At our election, borrowings under our revolving credit facility may be fixed at the LIBOR Rate for periods of up to 180 days. In February 2005, we entered into an interest rate swap for $50.0 million of our outstanding debt to help manage our exposure to any future interest rate volatility. In October 2007 and again in November 2007 we entered into additional interest rate swaps of $15.0 million each. A detailed explanation of these transactions has been included under Hedging Activities in the financial condition portion of Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included above. Based on our average outstanding long-term debt subject to the floating rate in 2007, a 1% change in the floating rate would affect our annual pre-tax cash flow by approximately $0.9 million.

 

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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data  

Index to Financial Statements

Unit Corporation and Subsidiaries

 

     Page

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

   55

Consolidated Financial Statements:

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   56

Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2007 and 2006

   57

Consolidated Statements of Income for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

   58

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the Years Ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007

   59

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

   60

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   61

 

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Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

Management of the company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Internal control over financial reporting is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as a process designed by, or under the supervision of, the company’s principal executive and principal financial officers and effected by the company’s board of directors, management and other personnel, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles and includes those policies and procedures that:

 

   

Pertain to the maintenance of records that in reasonable detail accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company;

 

   

Provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and

 

   

Provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate. Internal control over financial reporting cannot provide absolute assurance of achieving financial reporting objectives because of its inherent limitations. Internal control over financial reporting is a process that involves human diligence and compliance and is subject to lapses in judgment and breakdowns resulting from human failures. Internal control over financial reporting also can be circumvented by collusion or improper management override. Because of such limitations, there is a risk that material misstatements may not be prevented or detected on a timely basis by internal control over financial reporting. However, these inherent limitations are known features of the financial reporting process. Therefore, it is possible to design into the process safeguards to reduce, though not eliminate, this risk.

The company’s management assessed the effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007. In making this assessment, the company’s management used the criteria set forth in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). Based on their assessment, the company's management concluded that, as of December 31, 2007, the company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on those criteria.

The effectiveness of the company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

To Board of Directors and Shareholders of

Unit Corporation:

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of income, changes in shareholders' equity, and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Unit Corporation and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2007 and 2006, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. In addition, in our opinion, the financial statement schedule listed in the accompanying index appearing under item 15(a)(2), presents fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein when read in conjunction with the related consolidated financial statements. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company's management is responsible for these financial statements and financial statement schedule, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on these financial statements, on the financial statement schedule, and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our integrated audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Tulsa, Oklahoma

February 28, 2008

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

 

     As of December 31,
     2007    2006
    

(In thousands except

share amounts)

ASSETS      

Current assets:

     

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 1,076    $ 589

Restricted cash

     19      18

Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,350 and $1,600)

     159,455      200,415

Materials and supplies

     13,558      18,901

Prepaid expenses and other

     22,907      13,017
             

Total current assets

     197,015      232,940
             

Property and equipment:

     

Drilling equipment

     987,184      781,190

Oil and natural gas properties, on the full cost method:

     

Proved properties

     1,624,478      1,330,010

Undeveloped leasehold not being amortized

     64,722      53,687

Gas gathering and processing equipment

     119,515      85,339

Transportation equipment

     23,240      20,749

Other

     19,974      17,082
             
     2,839,113      2,288,057

Less accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

     927,759      735,394
             

Net property and equipment

     1,911,354      1,552,663
             

Goodwill

     62,808      57,524

Other intangible assets, net

     13,798      17,087

Other assets

     14,844      13,882
             

Total assets

   $ 2,199,819    $ 1,874,096
             
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY      

Current liabilities:

     

Accounts payable

   $ 100,258    $ 92,125

Accrued liabilities

     40,508      52,166

Income taxes payable

     —        2,956

Contract advances

     6,825      5,061

Current portion of other long-term liabilities (Note 5)

     8,813      8,634
             

Total current liabilities

     156,404      160,942
             

Long-term debt (Note 5)

     120,600      174,300
             

Other long-term liabilities (Note 5)

     59,115      55,741
             

Deferred income taxes (Note 7)

     428,883      325,077
             

Commitments and contingencies (Note 13)

     

Shareholders’ equity:

     

Preferred stock, $1.00 par value, 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued

     —        —  

Common stock, $.20 par value, 175,000,000 shares authorized, 47,035,089 and 46,283,990 shares issued, respectively

     9,280      9,257

Capital in excess of par value

     344,512      333,833

Accumulated other comprehensive income (net of tax of $662 and $789, respectively)

     1,160      1,339

Retained earnings

     1,079,865      813,607
             

Total shareholders’ equity

     1,434,817      1,158,036
             

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   $ 2,199,819    $ 1,874,096
             

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME

 

     Year Ended December 31,
     2007    2006    2005
     (In thousands except per share amounts)

Revenues:

        

Contract drilling

   $ 627,642    $ 699,396    $    462,141

Oil and natural gas

     391,480      357,599      318,208

Gas gathering and processing

     138,595      101,863      100,464

Other

     1,037      3,527      4,795
                    

Total revenues

     1,158,754      1,162,385      885,608
                    

Expenses:

        

Contract drilling:

        

Operating costs

     304,780      313,882      266,472

Depreciation

     56,804      51,959      42,876

Oil and natural gas:

        

Operating costs

     97,109      81,120      60,779

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

     127,417      108,124      67,282

Gas gathering and processing:

        

Operating costs

     119,776      88,834      92,467

Depreciation and amortization

     11,059      6,247      3,279

General and administrative

     22,036      18,690      14,343

Interest

     6,362      5,273      3,437
                    

Total expenses

     745,343      674,129      550,935
                    

Income before income taxes

     413,411      488,256      334,673
                    

Income tax expense:

        

Current

     66,642      112,812      64,565

Deferred

     80,511      63,267      57,666
                    

Total income taxes

     147,153      176,079      122,231
                    

Net income

   $ 266,258    $ 312,177    $ 212,442
                    

Net income per common share:

        

Basic

   $ 5.74    $ 6.75    $ 4.62
                    

Diluted

   $ 5.71    $ 6.72    $ 4.60
                    

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

Year Ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007

 

    Common
Stock
  Capital In
Excess of
Par Value
  Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income
    Unearned
Compensation -
Restricted
Stock
    Retained
Earnings
  Total  
    (In thousands except share and per share amounts)  

Balances, January 1, 2005

  $ 9,149   $ 310,132   $ —       $ —       $ 288,988   $ 608,269  

Comprehensive income:

           

Net Income

    —       —       —         —         212,442     212,442  

Other comprehensive income (net of tax of $1,610 and $1,899):

           

Change in value of cash flow derivative instruments used as cash flow hedges

    —       —       (3,072 )     —         —       (3,072 )

Adjustment reclassification—derivative settlements

    —       —       3,557       —         —       3,557  
                 

Total comprehensive income

    —       —       —         —         —       212,927  

Activity in employee compensation plans (186,710 shares)

    38     5,954     —         (2,226 )     —       3,766  

Issuance of 246,053 shares of common stock for acquisition

    49     11,951     —         —         —       12,000  
                                         

Balances, December 31, 2005

    9,236     328,037     485       (2,226 )     501,430     836,962  

Comprehensive income:

           

Net Income

    —       —       —         —         312,177     312,177  

Other comprehensive income (net of tax of $202 and $701):

           

Change in value of cash flow derivative instruments used as cash flow hedges

    —       —       1,188       —         —       1,188  

Adjustment reclassification—derivative settlements

    —       —       (334 )     —         —       (334 )
                 

Total comprehensive income

    —       —       —         —         —       313,031  

Activity in employee compensation plans (105,217 shares)

    21     5,796     —         2,226       —       8,043  
                                         

Balances, December 31, 2006

    9,257     333,833     1,339       —         813,607     1,158,036  

Comprehensive income:

           

Net Income

    —       —       —         —         266,258     266,258  

Other comprehensive income (net of tax of $268 and $191):

           

Change in value of cash flow derivative instruments used as cash flow hedges

    —       —       (438 )     —         —       (438 )

Adjustment reclassification—derivative settlements

    —       —       259       —         —       259  
                 

Total comprehensive income

    —       —       —         —         —       266,079  

Activity in employee compensation plans (728,228 shares)

    23     10,679     —         —         —       10,702  
                                         

Balances, December 31, 2007

  $ 9,280   $ 344,512   $ 1,160     $ —       $ 1,079,865   $ 1,434,817  
                                         

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  
     (In thousands)  

OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

      

Net income

   $ 266,258     $ 312,177     $ 212,442  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided (used) by operating activities:

      

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

     196,111       167,066       114,294  

Gain on disposition of assets

     (185 )     (1,275 )     (2,655 )

Deferred tax expense

     80,511       63,267       57,666  

Employee stock compensation plans

     9,254       6,785       3,488  

Bad debt expense

     1,750       —         —    

Plugging liability accretion

     1,704       1,492       953  

Other, net

     (92 )     30       —    

Changes in operating assets and liabilities increasing (decreasing) cash:

      

Accounts receivable

     39,042       7,233       (106,585 )

Materials and supplies

     5,343       (4,793 )     (1,054 )

Prepaid expenses and other

     (6,926 )     (2,128 )     (954 )

Accounts payable

     (7,296 )     (32,577 )     15,897  

Accrued liabilities

     (9,667 )     (10,012 )     21,056  

Contract advances

     1,764       (563 )     3,223  
                        

Net cash provided by operating activities

     577,571       506,702       317,771  
                        

INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

      

Capital expenditures

     (478,950 )     (423,428 )     (254,450 )

Producing property and other acquisitions

     (38,500 )     (122,915 )     (136,413 )

Proceeds from disposition of property and equipment

     5,309       6,796       8,722  

Acquisition of other assets

     (192 )     (1,176 )     (2,855 )
                        

Net cash used in investing activities

     (512,333 )     (540,723 )     (384,996 )
                        

FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

      

Borrowings under line of credit

     175,800       287,300       268,200  

Payments under line of credit

     (229,500 )     (258,000 )     (218,700 )

Net payments on notes payable and other long-term debt

     —         —         273  

Proceeds from exercise of stock options

     692       803       1,201  

Tax benefit from stock options

     267       532       —    

Book overdrafts (Note 2)

     (12,010 )     3,028       16,533  
                        

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

     (64,751 )     33,663       67,507  
                        

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

     487       (358 )     282  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

     589       947       665  
                        

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

   $ 1,076     $ 589     $ 947  
                        

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information:

      

Cash paid during the year for:

      

Interest paid (net of capitalized)

   $ 7,135     $ 5,678     $ 2,586  

Income taxes

   $ 73,417     $ 125,144     $ 47,276  

See Note 3 for non-cash financing and investing activities.

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the consolidated financial statements.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1—ORGANIZATION

Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, references in this report to “Unit”, “company”, “we”, “our” “us” or like terms refer to Unit Corporation and its subsidiaries.

We are primarily engaged in the land contract drilling of natural gas and oil wells, the exploration, development, acquisition and production of oil and natural gas properties and the buying, selling, gathering, processing and treating of natural gas. Our operations are located principally in the United States and are organized in the following three reporting segments: (1) Contract Drilling, (2) Oil and Natural Gas and (3) Mid-Stream.

Contract Drilling.     Carried out by our subsidiary, Unit Drilling Company and its subsidiaries, we contract to drill onshore oil and natural gas wells for our own account and for others. Our current contract drilling operations are conducted in the natural gas producing provinces of the Oklahoma and Texas areas of the Anadarko and Arkoma Basins, the Texas Gulf Coast, the North Texas Barnett Shale and the Rocky Mountain regions. We provide land contract drilling services for a wide range of customers.

Oil and Natural Gas.     Carried out by our subsidiary, Unit Petroleum Company, we explore, develop, acquire and produce oil and natural gas properties for our own account. Our primary exploration and production operations are conducted in the Anadarko and Arkoma Basins and in the Texas Gulf Coast area with additional properties in the Permian Basin. The majority of our contract drilling and exploration and production activities are oriented toward drilling for and producing natural gas.

Mid-Stream.     Through our subsidiary, Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C., we buy, sell, gather, process and treat natural gas for our own account and for third parties. Mid-Stream operations are performed in Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana and Kansas.

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Principles of Consolidation.     The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Unit Corporation and its subsidiaries. Our investment in limited partnerships is accounted for on the proportionate consolidation method, whereby our share of the partnerships’ assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses are included in the appropriate classification in the accompanying consolidated financial statements.

Certain amounts in the accompanying consolidated financial statements for prior periods have been reclassified to conform to current year presentation.

Accounting Estimates.     he preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Drilling Contracts.     We recognize revenues and expenses generated from “daywork” drilling contracts as the services are performed, since we do not bear the risk of completion of the well. Under “footage” and “turnkey” contracts, we bear the risk of completion of the well; therefore, revenues and expenses are recognized when the well is substantially completed. Under this method, substantial completion is determined when the well bore reaches the negotiated depth as stated in the contract. The entire amount of a loss, if any, is recorded when the loss is determinable. The costs of uncompleted drilling contracts include expenses incurred to date on “footage” or “turnkey” contracts, which are still in process at the end of the period, and are included in other

 

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current assets. Typically, all three types of contracts are for this drilling of one well which can take from 20 to 90 days. At December 31, 2007, 26 of our daywork contracts were multi-well and had durations which ranged from 6 months to two years. These longer term contracts may contain a fixed rate for the duration of the contract or provide for the periodic renegotiation of the rate within a specific range from the existing rate.

Cash Equivalents and Book Overdrafts.     We include as cash equivalents all investments with maturities at date of purchase of three months or less which are readily convertible into known amounts of cash. Book overdrafts are checks that have been issued before the end of the period, but not presented to our bank for payment before the end of the period. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, book overdrafts of $15.6 million and $27.7 million were included in accounts payable.

Accounts Receivable.     Accounts receivable are carried on a gross basis, with no discounting, less an allowance for doubtful accounts. No allowance for doubtful accounts is recognized at the time the revenue which generates the accounts receivable is recognized. We estimate the allowance for doubtful accounts based on existing economic conditions, the financial condition of our customers, and the amount and age of past due accounts. Receivables are considered past due if full payment is not received by the contractual due date. Past due accounts are generally written off against the allowance for doubtful accounts only after all collection attempts have been unsuccessful.

Financial Instruments and Concentrations of Credit Risk.     Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist primarily of trade receivables with a variety of oil and natural gas companies. We do not generally require collateral related to receivables. Our credit risk is considered to be limited due to the large number of customers comprising our customer base. During 2007, Questar Corporation was our largest drilling customer and accounted for approximately 13% of our total contract drilling revenues, Eagle Energy Partners I, L.P. accounted for approximately 12% of our oil and natural gas revenues and ONEOK and Murphy Oil USA, Inc. accounted for approximately 82% and 10% of our mid-stream revenues, respectively. During 2006, Chesapeake Operating, Inc. was our largest drilling customer and accounted for approximately 10% of our total contract drilling revenues. During 2006, Eagle Energy Partners I, L.P., ONEOK and ConocoPhillips Company accounted for approximately 17%, 16% and 10% of our oil and natural gas revenues, respectively. During 2006, ONEOK accounted for approximately 77% of our mid-stream revenues. For 2005, Eagle Energy Partners I, L.P. accounted for approximately 31% of our oil and natural gas revenues and ONEOK and Duke Energy Corporation accounted for approximately 54% and 36% of our mid-stream revenues, respectively. We had a concentration of cash of $14.4 million and $4.3 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively with one bank.

Property and Equipment.     Drilling equipment, natural gas gathering and processing equipment, transportation equipment and other property and equipment are carried at cost. Renewals and improvements are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are expensed. Depreciation of drilling equipment is recorded using the units-of-production method based on estimated useful lives starting at 15 years, including a minimum provision of 20% of the active rate when the equipment is idle. We use the composite method of depreciation for drill pipe and collars and calculate the depreciation by footage actually drilled compared to total estimated remaining footage. Depreciation of other property and equipment is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets ranging from 3 to 15 years.

Realization of the carrying value of property and equipment is reviewed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Assets are determined to be impaired if a forecast of undiscounted estimated future net operating cash flows directly related to the asset including disposal value if any, is less than the carrying amount of the asset. If any asset is determined to be impaired, the loss is measured as the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds

 

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its fair value. An estimate of fair value is based on the best information available, including prices for similar assets. Changes in such estimates could cause us to reduce the carrying value of property and equipment.

When property and equipment components are disposed of, the cost and the related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any resulting gain or loss is generally reflected in operations. For dispositions of drill pipe and drill collars, an average cost for the appropriate feet of drill pipe and drill collars is removed from the asset account and charged to accumulated depreciation and proceeds, if any, are credited to accumulated depreciation.

We record an asset and a liability equal to the present value of the expected future asset retirement obligation (“ARO”) associated with our oil and gas properties. The ARO asset is depreciated in a manner consistent with the depreciation of the underlying physical asset. We measure changes in the liability due to passage of time by applying an interest method of allocation. This amount is recognized as an increase in the carrying amount of the liability and as a corresponding accretion expense.

Goodwill.     Goodwill represents the excess of the cost of acquisitions over the fair value of the net assets acquired. Goodwill is not amortized, but an impairment test is performed at least annually to determine whether the fair value has decreased. Goodwill is all related to our contract drilling segment. In 2005, the carrying amount of goodwill increased by $9.1 million resulting from the $1.1 million of goodwill acquired in the acquisition of a subsidiary of Strata Drilling, L.L.C., $7.6 million for the 2005 earn-out as provided for in the purchase agreement relating to the SerDrilco Incorporated acquisition and a $0.4 million adjustment to the Sauer Drilling Company purchase price. In 2006, the carrying amount of goodwill increased by $17.9 million from additional goodwill recorded for the final earn-out due under the SerDrilco Incorporated acquisition. In 2007, we added goodwill of $5.3 million as a result of the acquisition which closed on June 5, 2007. All of these acquisitions are more fully discussed in Note 3. Goodwill of $9.2 million is deductible for tax purposes.

Intangible Assets.     Intangible assets are capitalized and amortized over the estimated period benefited. Such amounts are reviewed for possible impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. Amortization of $3.3 million and $0.9 million was recorded in 2007 and 2006, respectively. Amortization of $4.4 million, $3.8 million, $2.6 million, $1.2 million and $1.2 million is expected to be recorded in 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011 and 2012, respectively.

Oil and Natural Gas Operations.     We account for our oil and natural gas exploration and development activities on the full cost method of accounting prescribed by the SEC. Accordingly, all productive and non-productive costs incurred in connection with the acquisition, exploration and development of oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves are capitalized and amortized on a composite units-of-production method based on proved oil and natural gas reserves. All costs associated with acquisition, exploration and development of oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves, including directly related overhead costs and related asset retirement costs, are capitalized. Directly related overhead costs of $13.1 million, $10.2 million and $7.0 million were capitalized in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Independent petroleum engineers annually audit Unit’s determination of its oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves. The average composite rates used for depreciation, depletion and amortization (“DD&A”) were $2.32, $2.04 and $1.65 per Mcfe in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The calculation of DD&A includes estimated future expenditures to be incurred in developing proved reserves and estimated dismantlement and abandonment costs, net of estimated salvage values. Our unproved properties totaling $64.7 million are excluded from the DD&A calculation. In the event the unamortized cost of oil and natural gas properties being amortized exceeds the full cost ceiling, as defined by the SEC, the excess is charged to expense in the period during which such excess occurs. The full cost ceiling is based principally on the estimated future discounted net cash flows from our oil and natural gas properties. As discussed in Supplemental Information, these estimates are imprecise.

 

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No gains or losses are recognized on the sale, conveyance or other disposition of oil and natural gas properties unless a significant reserve amount is involved.

Revenue from the sale of oil and natural gas is recognized when title passes, net of royalties.

Our contract drilling segment provides drilling services for our exploration and production segment. The contracts for these services are issued under the same conditions and rates as the contracts entered into with unrelated third parties. During 2007, the contract drilling segment drilled 77 wells for our exploration and production segment. As required by the SEC, the profit received by the contract drilling segment of $22.7 million, $22.2 million and $8.6 million during 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, was used to reduce the carrying value of our oil and natural gas properties rather than being included in its operating profit.

Gas Gathering and Processing Revenue.     Our gathering and processing segment recognizes revenue from the gathering and processing of natural gas and NGLs in the period the service is provided based on contractual terms.

Self Insurance.     We are self-insured for certain losses relating to workers’ compensation, general liability, property damage, control of well and employee medical benefits. In addition, our insurance policies contain deductibles or retentions per occurrence that range from $0.25 million for Oklahoma workers' compensation, as well as claims under our occupation benefit plans, to $1.0 million for general liability and drilling rig physical damage. We have purchased stop-loss coverage in order to limit, to the extent feasible, per occurrence and aggregate exposure to certain types of claims. However, there is no assurance that the insurance coverage we have will adequately protect it against liability from all potential consequences. If insurance coverage becomes more expensive, we may choose to decrease our limits and increase our deductibles rather than pay higher premiums. Following the acquisition of SerDrilco Incorporated and the creation of Unit Texas Drilling, L.L.C., we have elected to use an ERISA governed occupational injury benefit plan to cover the field and support staff for drilling operations in the State of Texas in lieu of covering them under Texas workers’ compensation.

Treasury Stock.     We did not own any treasury stock at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

Hedging Activities.     On January 1, 2001, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard No. 133 (subsequently amended by Financial Accounting Standard No.’s 137, 138 and 149), “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities” (FAS 133). This statement requires all derivatives to be recognized on the balance sheet and measured at fair value. If a derivative is designated as a cash flow hedge, we are required to measure the effectiveness of the hedge, or the degree that the gain (loss) for the hedging instrument offsets the loss (gain) on the hedged item, at each reporting period. The effective portion of the gain (loss) on the derivative instrument is recognized in other comprehensive income as a component of equity and subsequently reclassified into earnings when the forecasted transaction affects earnings. The ineffective portion of a derivative’s change in fair value is required to be recognized in earnings immediately. Derivatives that do not qualify for hedge treatment under FAS 133 must be recorded at fair value with gains (losses) recognized in earnings in the period of change.

We document our risk management strategy and hedge effectiveness at the inception of and during the term of each hedge.

Limited Partnerships.     Unit Petroleum Company, is a general partner in 13 oil and natural gas limited partnerships sold privately and publicly. Some of our officers, directors and employees own the interests in most of these partnerships. We share in each partnership’s revenues and costs in accordance with formulas set out in each of the limited partnership agreement. The partnerships also reimburse us for certain administrative costs incurred on behalf of the partnerships.

 

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Income Taxes.     Measurement of current and deferred income tax liabilities and assets is based on provisions of enacted tax law; the effects of future changes in tax laws or rates are not included in the measurement. Valuation allowances are established where necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable for the year and the change during that year in deferred tax assets and liabilities.

In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued FASB Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an Interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109.” FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertainty in income taxes recognized in an enterprise’s financial statements in accordance with FAS No. 109, “Accounting for Income Taxes” and prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a return. Guidance is also provided on de-recognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition. We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 effective January 1, 2007. We have no unrecognized tax benefits and the adoption of FIN 48 had no effect on our results of operations or financial condition and we do not expect any significant changes in unrecognized tax benefits in the next twelve months. In the third quarter of 2007, the Internal Revenue Service completed its review of our 2004 federal tax return and no adjustments to the return were assessed.

Natural Gas Balancing.     We use the sales method for recording natural gas sales. This method allows for recognition of revenue, which may be more or less than its share of pro-rata production from certain wells. We estimate our December 31, 2007 balancing position to be approximately 3.7 Bcf on under-produced properties and approximately 3.6 Bcf on over-produced properties. We have recorded a receivable of $0.8 million on certain wells where we estimate that insufficient reserves are available for us to recover the under-production from future production volumes. We have also recorded a liability of $3.4 million on certain properties where we believe there are insufficient reserves available to allow the under-produced owners to recover their under-production from future production volumes. Our policy is to expense the pro-rata share of lease operating costs from all wells as incurred. Such expenses relating to the balancing position on wells in which we have imbalances are not material.

Employee and Director Stock Based Compensation.     Before January 1, 2006, we accounted for our stock-based compensation plans under the recognition and measurement principles of APB 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees,” and related Interpretations. Under APB 25, no stock-based employee compensation cost related to stock options was reflected in net income, since all options granted under the plans had an exercise price equal to the market value of the underlying common stock on the date of grant.

On January 1, 2006, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment , (FAS 123(R)) to account for stock-based employee compensation. Among other items, FAS 123(R) eliminates the use of APB Opinion No. 25 and the intrinsic value method of accounting for equity compensation and requires companies to recognize the cost of employee services received in exchange for awards of equity instruments based on the grant date fair value of those awards in their financial statements. We elected to use the modified prospective method for adoption, which requires compensation expense to be recorded for all unvested stock options and other equity-based compensation beginning in the first quarter of adoption. Financial statements for prior periods have not been restated. On adoption of FAS 123(R), we elected to use the “short-cut” method to calculate the historical pool of windfall tax benefits in accordance with Financial Accounting Staff Position No. FAS 123(R)-3, “Transition Election to Accounting for the Tax Effects of Share-Based Payment Awards”, issued on November 10, 2005. For all unvested options outstanding as of January 1, 2006, the previously measured but unrecognized compensation expense, based on the fair value at the original grant date, will be recognized in the financial statements over the remaining vesting period. For equity-based compensation awards granted or modified after December 31, 2005, compensation expense, based on the fair

 

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value on the date of grant or modification, will be recognized in the financial statements over the vesting period. To the extent compensation cost relates to employees directly involved in oil and natural gas acquisition, exploration and development activities, these amounts are capitalized to oil and natural gas properties. Amounts not capitalized to oil and natural gas properties are recognized in general and administrative expense and operating costs of our business segments. We utilize the Black-Scholes option pricing model to measure the fair value of stock options and stock appreciation rights. The value of restricted stock grants is based on the closing stock price on the date of the grant.

Any unearned compensation recorded under APB 25 related to stock-based compensation awards is required to be eliminated against the appropriate equity accounts. As a result, with the adoption of FAS 123(R) we eliminated $2.2 million of unearned compensation cost associated with grants of restricted stock and reduced additional paid-in capital by the same amount on the condensed consolidated balance sheet. FAS 123(R) requires cash inflows resulting from tax deductions in excess of compensation expense recognized for stock-based compensation to be classified as financing cash inflows in our statements of cash flows. Accordingly, for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, we recorded $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, of tax benefits from stock based compensation as provided by financing activities.

The following table illustrates the effect on net income and earnings per share if we had applied the fair value recognition provisions of FAS 123(R) to stock-based employee compensation before January 1, 2006. Compensation expense included in reported net income before January 1, 2006 is our matching 401(k) contribution.

 

     2005  
     (In thousands except
per share amounts)
 

Net income, as reported

   $ 212,442  

Add stock-based employee compensation expense included in reported net income, net of tax

     1,923  

Less total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method for all awards

     (3,989 )
        

Pro forma net income

   $ 210,376  
        

Basic earnings per share:

  

As reported

   $ 4.62  
        

Pro forma

   $ 4.58  
        

Diluted earnings per share:

  

As reported

   $ 4.60  
        

Pro forma

   $ 4.55  
        

In 2007 and 2006, we recognized stock compensation expense for restricted stock awards, stock options and stock settled stock appreciation rights (SARs) of $4.8 million and $3.1 million, respectively, and capitalized stock compensation cost for oil and natural gas properties of $1.2 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The tax benefit related to this stock based compensation was $2.1 million and $0.9 million, respectively. The remaining unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested awards at December 31, 2007 is approximately $27.3 million with $6.4 million of this amount anticipated to be capitalized. The weighted average period of time over which this cost will be recognized is 1.2 years.

 

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Impact of Financial Accounting Pronouncements.     In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157 (FAS 157), “Fair Value Measurements,” which establishes a framework for measuring fair value and requires additional disclosures about fair value measurements. Beginning January 1, 2008, we partially applied FAS 157 as allowed by FASB Staff Position (FSP) 157-2, which delayed the effective date of FAS 157 for nonfinancial assets and liabilities. As of January 1, 2008, we have applied the provisions of FAS 157 to our financial instruments and the impact was not material. Under FSP 157-2, we will be required to apply FAS 157 to our nonfinancial assets and liabilities beginning January 1, 2009. We are currently reviewing the applicability of FAS 157 to our nonfinancial assets and liabilities as well as the potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 159 (FAS 159), “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities—Including an amendment of FASB Statement No. 115,” which permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value at specified election dates. A business entity is required to report unrealized gains and losses on items for which the fair value option has been elected in earnings at each subsequent reporting date. This statement is expected to expand the use of fair value measurement. FAS 159 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007, and interim periods within those fiscal years, and is applicable beginning in the first quarter of 2008. We do not believe the impact of FAS 159 will have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 141R (FAS 141R), “Business Combinations,” which will require most identifiable assets, liabilities, noncontrolling interest (previously referred to as minority interests) and goodwill acquired in a business combination to be recorded at full fair value. FAS 141R is effective for our year beginning January 1, 2009, and will be applied prospectively. We are currently reviewing the applicability of FAS 141R to our operations and its potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 160 (FAS 160), “Noncontrolling Interest in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment to ARB No. 51,” which requires noncontrolling interests (previously referred to as minority interests) to be reported as a component of equity. FAS 160 is effective for our year beginning January 1, 2009, and will require retroactive adoption of the presentation and disclosure requirements for existing minority interests. We are currently reviewing the applicability of FAS 160 to our operations and its potential impact on our consolidated financial statements.

 

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NOTE 3—ACQUISITIONS

On June 5, 2007, our subsidiary, Unit Drilling Company, closed the purchase of a privately owned drilling company operating primarily in the Texas Panhandle. This acquisition included nine drilling rigs, drill pipe and collars, a fleet of 11 trucks, an office, shop, equipment yard and personnel. The drilling rigs range from 800 horsepower to 1,000 horsepower with depth capacities rated from 10,000 to 15,000 feet. Eight of the acquired drilling rigs were operational at the time of purchase and the remaining drilling rig is being refurbished and is anticipated to become operational in March of 2008. The financial results of this acquisition are included in our statement of income from June 5, 2007 forward. The total consideration paid in this acquisition was allocated as follows (in thousands):

 

Drilling rigs

   $ 39,326  

Spare drilling equipment

     1,613  

Drill pipe and collars

     7,784  

Trucks

     1,551  

Other vehicles

     190  

Yard and office

     846  

Goodwill

     5,285  

Deferred income taxes

     (18,095 )
        

Total consideration

   $ 38,500  
        

On October 13, 2006, we completed the acquisition of Brighton Energy, L.L.C., (Brighton) a privately owned oil and natural gas company for approximately $67.0 million. This acquisition involved all of Brighton’s oil and natural gas assets (excluding Atoka and Coal counties in Oklahoma). The majority of the acquired reserves are located in the Anadarko Basin of Oklahoma and the onshore Gulf Coast basins of Texas and Louisiana, with additional reserves in Arkansas, Kansas, Montana, North Dakota and Wyoming. This acquisition had an effective date of August 1, 2006 and was included in our statement of income starting in October 2006 with the results for the period from August 1, 2006 through September 30, 2006 included as an adjustment to the purchase price. The $67.0 million paid in this acquisition increased our basis in oil and natural gas properties by $65.4 with the remaining $1.6 million reflecting working capital.

In September 2006, our mid-stream segment closed the acquisition of Berkshire Energy, LLC., a private company for an adjusted purchase price of $21.7 million. The principal assets of the acquired company consist of a natural gas processing plant, a natural gas gathering system with 15 miles of pipeline, three field compressors, two plant compressors and associated customer contracts and relationships. As part of the acquisition, Superior acquired long-term contracts for the gathering and processing of natural gas that will flow through this gathering system, the value of which is reported as an amortizable intangible asset. The capitalized value of these contracts and associated customer relationship will be amortized over an estimated life of 7 years. The purchase had an effective date of July 31, 2006. The financial results of the acquisition were included in the our statement of income from September 1, 2006 forward with the results for the period from August 1, 2006 through August 31, 2006 included as an adjustment to the purchase price. The $21.7 million acquisition price for Berkshire Energy, LLC was allocated as follows (in thousands):

 

Working capital

   $ 337

Processing plant and gathering system

     3,422

Amortizable intangible assets

     17,957
      

Total consideration

   $ 21,716
      

 

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On May 16, 2006, we announced we had closed the acquisition of certain oil and natural gas properties from a group of private entities for approximately $32.4 million in cash. This acquisition had an effective date of April 1, 2006. The $32.4 million paid in this acquisition increased our basis in oil and natural gas properties.

The amounts paid for all of the acquisitions discussed above were determined through arms-length negotiations between the parties and have been accounted for using the purchase accounting method.

NOTE 4—EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following data shows the amounts used in computing earnings per share.

 

     Income
(Numerator)
   Weighted
Shares
(Denominator)
   Per-Share
Amount
 
     (In thousands except per share amounts)  

For the year ended December 31, 2007:

        

Basic earnings per common share

   $ 266,258    46,366    $ 5.74  

Effect of dilutive stock options, restricted stock and SARs

     —      287      (0.03 )
                    

Diluted earnings per common share

   $ 266,258    46,653    $ 5.71  
                    

For the year ended December 31, 2006:

        

Basic earnings per common share

   $ 312,177    46,228    $ 6.75  

Effect of dilutive stock options, restricted stock and SARs

     —      223      (0.03 )
                    

Diluted earnings per common share

   $ 312,177    46,451    $ 6.72  
                    

For the year ended December 31, 2005:

        

Basic earnings per common share

   $ 212,442    45,940    $ 4.62  

Effect of dilutive stock options and restricted stock

     —      249      (0.02 )
                    

Diluted earnings per common share

   $ 212,442    46,189    $ 4.60  
                    

The following options and their average exercise prices were not included in the computation of diluted earnings per share because the option exercise prices were greater than the average market price of our common stock for the years ended December 31:

 

     2007    2006        2005    

Options and SARs

     105,655      33,000      —  
                    

Average exercise price

   $ 56.33    $ 61.40    $   —  
                    

NOTE 5—LONG-TERM DEBT AND OTHER LONG-TERM LIABILITIES

Long-Term Debt

Long-term debt consisted of the following as of December 31:

 

     2007    2006
     (In thousands)

Revolving credit facility, with interest at December 31, 2007 and 2006 of 6.0% and 6.4%, respectively

   $ 120,600    $ 174,300

Less current portion

     —        —  
             

Total long-term debt

   $ 120,600    $ 174,300
             

 

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On May 24, 2007, we entered into a First Amended and Restated Senior Credit Agreement (Credit Facility) with a maximum credit amount of $400.0 million maturing on May 24, 2012. Borrowings under the Credit Facility are limited to a commitment amount elected by us. As of December 31, 2007, the commitment amount was $275.0 million. We are charged a commitment fee of 0.25 to 0.375 of 1% on the amount available but not borrowed with the rate varying based on the amount borrowed as a percentage of the total borrowing base amount. We incurred origination, agency and syndication fees of $737,500 at the inception of the Credit Facility. These fees are being amortized over the life of the agreement. The average interest rate for 2007 was 6.0%. At December 31, 2007 and February 15, 2008, borrowings were $120.6 million and $144.8 million, respectively.

The borrowing base under the Credit Facility is subject to redetermination by the lenders on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The current value of the borrowing base is $425.0 million. Each redetermination is based primarily on a percentage of the discounted future value of our oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves, as determined by the lenders, and, to a lesser extent, the loan value the lenders reasonably attribute to the cash flow (as defined in the Credit Facility) of our mid-stream operations. The company or the lenders may request a one time special redetermination of the borrowing base between each scheduled redetermination date. In addition, we may request a redetermination following the consummation of an acquisition meeting the requirements defined in the Credit Facility. The lender’s aggregate commitment is limited to the lesser of the amount of the value of the borrowing base or $400.0 million.

At our election, any part of the outstanding debt may be fixed at LIBOR for a 30, 60, 90 or 180 day term. During any LIBOR funding period the outstanding principal balance of the note to which LIBOR options apply may be repaid on three days prior notice to the administrative agent and subject to the payment of any applicable funding indemnification amounts. Interest on the LIBOR is computed at the LIBOR base applicable for the interest period plus 1.00% to 1.75% depending on the level of debt as a percentage of the borrowing base and payable at the end of each term, or every 90 days, whichever is less. Borrowings not under LIBOR bear interest at the BOK Financial Corporation (BOKF) National Prime Rate payable at the end of each month and the principal borrowed may be paid anytime in part or in whole without premium or penalty. At December 31, 2007, all of the $120.6 million of the company's borrowings was subject to LIBOR.

The Credit Facility includes prohibitions against:

 

   

the payment of dividends (other than stock dividends) during any fiscal year in excess of 25% of the company’s consolidated net income for the preceding fiscal year;

 

   

the incurrence of additional debt with certain limited exceptions; and

 

   

the creation or existence of mortgages or liens, other than those in the ordinary course of business, on any of the company’s property, except in favor of the company’s lenders.

The Credit Facility also requires that we have at the end of each quarter:

 

   

consolidated net worth of at least $900 million;

 

   

a current ratio (as defined in the Credit Facility) of not less than 1 to 1; and

 

   

a leverage ratio of long-term debt to consolidated EBITDA (as defined in the Credit Facility) for the most recently ended rolling four fiscal quarters of no greater than 3.50 to 1.0.

On December 31, 2007, we were in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Facility.

 

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Other Long-Term Liabilities

Other long-term liabilities consisted of the following as of December 31:

 

     2007    2006
     (In thousands)

Plugging liability

   $ 33,191    $ 33,692

Workers’ compensation

     22,469      22,157

Separation benefit plans

     4,945      3,516

Deferred compensation plan

     2,987      2,544

Gas balancing liability

     3,364      1,080

Retirement agreements

     723      1,386

Derivative liabilities—interest rate swaps

     249      —  
             
     67,928      64,375

Less current portion

     8,813      8,634
             

Total other long-term liabilities

   $ 59,115    $ 55,741
             

Estimated annual principle payments under the terms of long-term debt and other long-term liabilities from 2008 through 2012 are $8.8 million, $9.3 million, $2.1 million, $2.5 million and $121.8 million, respectively. Based on the borrowing rates currently available to us for debt with similar terms and maturities, long-term debt at December 31, 2007 approximates its fair value.

NOTE 6.—ASSET RETIREMENT OBLIGATIONS

Under Financial Accounting Standards No. 143 (FAS 143), “Accounting for Asset Retirement Obligations,” we are required to record the fair value of liabilities associated with the retirement of long-lived assets. We own oil and natural gas properties which require cash to plug and abandon the wells when the oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves in the wells are depleted or the wells are no longer able to produce. These expenditures under FAS 143 are recorded in the period in which the liability is incurred (at the time the wells are drilled or acquired). We do not have any assets restricted for the purpose of settling these plugging liabilities.

The following table shows the activity for our retirement obligation for plugging liability for the years ending December 31:

 

     2007     2006  
     (In thousands)  

Plugging liability, January 1:

   $ 33,692     $ 22,015  

Accretion of discount

     1,704       1,490  

Liability incurred

     2,043       4,383  

Liability settled

     (1,448 )     (270 )

Revision of estimates

     (2,800 )     6,074  
                

Plugging liability, December 31:

     33,191       33,692  

Less current portion

     672       760  
                

Total long-term plugging liability

   $ 32,519     $ 32,932  
                

 

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NOTE 7—INCOME TAXES

A reconciliation of income tax expense, computed by applying the federal statutory rate to pre-tax income to our effective income tax expense is as follows:

 

     2007     2006     2005  
     (In thousands)  

Income tax expense computed by applying the statutory rate

   $ 144,694     $ 170,890     $ 117,136  

State income tax, net of federal benefit

     6,155       8,949       8,231  

Domestic production activities deduction

     (3,682 )     (3,067 )     (2,100 )

Statutory depletion and other

     (14 )     (693 )     (1,036 )
                        

Income tax expense

   $ 147,153     $ 176,079     $ 122,231  
                        

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are comprised of the following at December 31:

 

     2007     2006  
     (In thousands)  

Deferred tax assets:

    

Allowance for losses and nondeductible accruals

   $ 28,029     $ 23,593  

Net operating loss carryforward

     2,593       2,957  
                
     30,622       26,550  

Deferred tax liability:

    

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

     (450,670 )     (345,746 )
                

Net deferred tax liability

     (420,048 )     (319,196 )

Current deferred tax asset

     8,835       5,881  
                

Non-current—deferred tax liability

   $ (428,883 )   $ (325,077 )
                

Realization of the deferred tax assets are dependent on generating sufficient future taxable income. Although realization is not assured, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will be realized. The amount of the deferred tax asset considered realizable, however, could be reduced in the near-term if estimates of future taxable income are reduced. At December 31, 2007, we have net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $6.9 million which expire from 2009 to 2021.

NOTE 8—EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

Under our 401(k) Employee Thrift Plan, employees who meet specified service requirements may contribute a percentage of their total compensation, up to a specified maximum, to the plan. We may match each employee’s contribution, up to a specified maximum, in full or on a partial basis. We made discretionary contributions under the plan of 83,277, 46,941 and 51,938 shares of common stock and recognized expense of $4.8 million, $3.7 million and $3.0 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

We provide a salary deferral plan (“Deferral Plan”) which allows participants to defer the recognition of salary for income tax purposes until actual distribution of benefits which occurs at either termination of employment, death or certain defined unforeseeable emergency hardships. Funds set aside in a trust to satisfy our obligation under the Deferral Plan at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 totaled $3.0 million, $2.5 million and $2.6 million, respectively. We recognized payroll expense and recorded a liability at the time of deferral.

 

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Effective January 1, 1997, we adopted a separation benefit plan (“Separation Plan”). The Separation Plan allows eligible employees whose employment is involuntarily terminated or, in the case of an employee who has completed 20 years of service, voluntarily or involuntarily terminated, to receive benefits equivalent to four weeks salary for every whole year of service completed up to a maximum of 104 weeks. To receive payments, the recipient must waive any claims against us in exchange for receiving the separation benefits. On October 28, 1997, we adopted a Separation Benefit Plan for Senior Management (“Senior Plan”). The Senior Plan provides certain officers and key executives of Unit with benefits generally equivalent to the Separation Plan. The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors has absolute discretion in the selection of the individuals covered in this plan. We recognized expense of $1.5 million, $1.1 million and $0.7 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, for benefits associated with anticipated payments from both separation plans.

We have entered into key employee change of control contracts with five of our current executive officers. These severance contracts have an initial three-year term that is automatically extended for one year on each anniversary, unless a notice not to extend is given by us. If a change of control of the company, as defined in the contracts, occurs during the term of the severance contract, then the contract becomes operative for a fixed three-year period. The severance contracts generally provide that the executive’s terms and conditions for employment (including position, work location, compensation and benefits) will not be adversely changed during the three-year period after a change of control. If the executive’s employment is terminated (other than for cause, death or disability), the executive terminates for good reason during such three-year period, or the executive terminates employment for any reason during the 30-day period following the first anniversary of the change of control, and on certain terminations prior to a change of control or in connection with or in anticipation of a change of control, the executive is generally entitled to receive, in addition to certain other benefits, any earned but unpaid compensation; up to 2.9 times the executive’s base salary plus annual bonus (based on historic annual bonus); and the company matching contributions that would have been made had the executive continued to participate in the company’s 401(k) plan for up to an additional three years.

The severance contract provides that the executive is entitled to receive a payment in an amount sufficient to make the executive whole for any excise tax on excess parachute payments imposed under Section 4999 of the Code. As a condition to receipt of these severance benefits, the executive must remain in the employ of the company prior to change of control and render services commensurate with his position.

NOTE 9—TRANSACTIONS WITH RELATED PARTIES

Unit Petroleum Company serves as the general partner of 13 oil and gas limited partnerships. Three were formed for investment by third parties and ten (the employee partnerships) were formed to allow employees of Unit and its subsidiaries and directors of Unit to participate in Unit Petroleum’s oil and gas exploration and production operations. The partnerships for the third party investments were formed in 1984 and 1986. An additional third party partnership, the 1979 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership was dissolved on July 1, 2003. Employee partnerships have been formed for each year beginning with 1984. Interests in the employee partnerships were offered to the employees of Unit and its subsidiaries whose annual base compensation was at least a specified amount ($36,000 for 2007, 2006 and 2005) and to the directors of Unit.

The employee partnerships formed in 1984 through 1990 were consolidated into a single consolidating partnership in 1993 and the employee partnerships formed in 1991 through 1999 were also consolidated into the consolidating partnership in 2002. The consolidation of the 1991 through the 1999 employee partnerships at the end of last year was done by the general partners under the authority contained in the respective partnership agreements and did not involve any vote, consent or approval by the limited partners. The employee partnerships have each had a set percentage (ranging from 1% to 15%) of our interest in most of the oil and natural gas wells

 

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we drill or acquire for our own account during the particular year for which the partnership was formed. The total interest the employees have in our oil and natural gas wells by participating in these partnerships does not exceed one percent.

Amounts received in the years ended December 31, from both public and private Partnerships for which Unit is a general partner are as follows:

 

     2007    2006    2005
     (In thousands)

Contract drilling

   $ 729    $ 617    $ 399

Well supervision and other fees

   $ 377    $ 297    $ 382

General and administrative Expense reimbursement

   $ 444    $ 337    $ 263

Related party transactions for contract drilling and well supervision fees are the related party’s share of such costs. These costs are billed to related parties on the same basis as billings to unrelated parties for such services. General and administrative reimbursements are both direct general and administrative expense incurred on the related party’s behalf and indirect expenses allocated to the related parties. Such allocations are based on the related party’s level of activity and are considered by management to be reasonable.

NOTE 10—SHAREHOLDER RIGHTS PLAN

We maintain a Shareholder Rights Plan (the “Plan”) designed to deter coercive or unfair takeover tactics, to prevent a person or group from gaining control of us without offering fair value to all our shareholders and to deter other abusive takeover tactics, which are not in the best interest of shareholders.

Under the terms of the Plan, each share of common stock is accompanied by one right, which given certain acquisition and business combination criteria, entitles the shareholder to purchase from us one one-hundredth of a newly issued share of Series A Participating Cumulative Preferred Stock at a price subject to adjustment by us or to purchase from an acquiring company certain shares of its common stock or the surviving company’s common stock at 50% of its value.

The rights become exercisable 10 days after we learn that an acquiring person (as defined in the Plan) has acquired 15% or more of the outstanding common stock of Unit or 10 business days after the commencement of a tender offer, which would result in a person owning 15% or more of our shares. We can redeem the rights for $0.01 per right at any date before the earlier of (i) the close of business on the 10th day following the time we learn that a person has become an acquiring person or (ii) May 19, 2015 (the “Expiration Date”). The rights will expire on the Expiration Date, unless redeemed earlier by Unit.

 

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NOTE 11—STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION

The following table estimates the fair value of each option and SARs granted under all of our plans during the twelve month periods ending December 31, using the Black-Scholes model applying the estimated values presented in the table:

 

     2007     2006     2005  

Options granted

     28,000       33,000       58,500  

Stock appreciation rights

     101,236       44,665       —    

Estimated fair value (in millions)

   $ 2.9     $ 2.1     $ 1.3  

Estimate of stock volatility

     0.33 to 0.44       0.38 to 0.46       0.51 to 0.55  

Estimated dividend yield

     0 %     0 %     0 %

Risk free interest rate

     3.75 to 5.00 %     4.76 to 5.00 %     4.35 to 4.42 %

Expected life range based on prior experience (in years)

     5 to 8       5 to 8       6 to 10  

Forfeiture rate

     0 to 11 %     0 to 5 %     0 to 20 %

Expected volatilities are based on the historical volatility of our stock. We use historical data to estimate option exercise and employee termination rates within the model and aggregate groups of employees that have similar historical exercise behavior for valuation purposes. To date, we have not paid dividends on our stock. The risk free interest rate is computed from the United States Treasury Strips rate using the term over which it is anticipated the grant will be exercised.

At our annual meeting on May 3, 2006, our shareholders approved the Unit Corporation Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan. This plan allows for the issuance of 2.5 million shares of common stock with 2.0 million shares being the maximum number of shares that can be issued as "incentive stock options." Awards under this plan may be granted in any one or a combination of the following:

 

   

incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

   

non-qualified stock options;

 

   

performance shares;

 

   

performance units;

 

   

restricted stock;

 

   

restricted stock units;

 

   

stock appreciation rights;

 

   

cash based awards; and

 

   

other stock-based awards.

This plan also contains various limits as to the amount of awards that can be given to an employee in any fiscal year. All awards are generally subject to the minimum vesting periods, as determined by our Compensation Committee and included in the award agreement.

 

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Activity pertaining to restricted stock awards granted under the Unit Corporation Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan is as follows:

 

     Number of
Shares
    Weighted Average
Grant Date Price

Nonvested at January 1, 2006

   —       $ —  

Granted

   23,381       51.76

Vested

   —         —  

Forfeited

   —         —  
            

Nonvested at December 31, 2006

   23,381       51.76

Granted

   616,907       46.95

Vested

   (4,234 )     51.76

Forfeited

   —         —  
            

Nonvested at December 31, 2007

   636,054     $ 47.09
            

The restricted stock awards vest in periods ranging from one to three years. The fair value of the restricted stock granted in 2007 and 2006 at the grant date was $26.3 million and $1.2 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of the 4,234 shares of restricted stock on their 2007 vesting date was $0.2 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of the 636,054 shares outstanding subject to vesting at December 31, 2007 was $29.4 million with a weighted average remaining life of 2.2 years.

Activity pertaining to SARs granted under the Unit Corporation Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan is as follows:

 

     Number of
Shares
   Weighted Average
Grant Date Price

Outstanding at January 1, 2006

   —      $ —  

Granted

   44,665      51.76

Exercised

   —        —  

Forfeited

   —        —  
           

Outstanding at December 31, 2006

   44,665      51.76

Granted

   101,236      44.31

Exercised

   —        —  

Forfeited

   —        —  
           

Outstanding at December 31, 2007

   145,901    $ 46.59
           

The SARs granted in 2007 and 2006 vest in thirds annually with the first vesting period on January 5, 2009 for the 2007 grant and January 1, 2008 for the 2006 grant. The SARs expire after 10 years from the date of the grant. No shares vested in 2007 or 2006. Fair value of SARs at grant date in 2007 and 2006 was $2.3 million and $1.3 million, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of the 145,901 shares outstanding subject to vesting at December 31, 2007 was zero with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 9.7 years.

In December 1984, our Board of Directors approved the adoption of an Employee Stock Bonus Plan. Under this plan 330,950 shares of common stock were reserved for issuance. On May 3, 1995, our shareholders approved and amended the plan to increase by 250,000 shares the aggregate number of shares of common stock that could be issued under the plan. Under the terms of the plan, awards were granted to employees in either cash or stock or a combination thereof, and are payable in a lump sum or in installments subject to certain restrictions. On December 13, 2005, 38,190 shares (in the form of restricted stock awards) were granted under

 

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the plan one half of which was distributed on January 1, 2007 and the other half was distributed on January 1, 2008. No shares vested in 2006. As a result of the approval of the adoption of the Unit Corporation Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan at our shareholders’ annual meeting on May 3, 2006, no further grants will be made under this plan.

Activity pertaining to restricted stock awards granted under the Employee Stock Bonus Plan is as follows:

 

     Number of
Shares
    Weighted Average
Grant Date Price

Nonvested at January 1, 2005

   —       $ —  

Granted

   38,190       58.30

Vested

   —         —  

Forfeited

   —         —  
            

Nonvested at December 31, 2005

   38,190       58.30

Granted

   —         —  

Vested

   —         —  

Forfeited

   (738 )     58.30
            

Nonvested at December 31, 2006

   37,452       58.30

Granted

   —         —  

Vested

   (18,749 )     58.30

Forfeited

   (329 )     58.30
            

Nonvested at December 31, 2007

   18,374     $ 58.30
            

The fair value of the restricted stock granted in 2005 at the grant date was $2.0 million. The grant date fair value of the 18,749 shares vesting in 2007 was $1.0 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of the 18,749 shares of restricted stock on their 2007 vesting date was $0.9 million. The aggregate intrinsic value of the 18,374 shares outstanding subject to vesting at December 31, 2007 was $0.8 million with a weighted average remaining contractual term ending January 1, 2008.

We also have a Stock Option Plan, which provided for the granting of options for up to 2,700,000 shares of common stock to officers and employees. The option plan permitted the issuance of qualified or nonqualified stock options. Options granted typically become exercisable at the rate of 20% per year one year after being granted and expire after 10 years from the original grant date. The exercise price for options granted under this plan is the fair market value of the common stock on the date of the grant. As a result of the approval of the adoption of the Unit Corporation Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan, no further awards will be made under this plan.

 

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Activity pertaining to the Stock Option Plan is as follows:

 

     Number of
Shares
    Weighted Average
Exercise Price

Outstanding at January 1, 2005

   553,750     $ 22.11

Granted

   34,000       37.16

Exercised

   (91,237 )     16.08

Cancelled

   (61,800 )     25.03
            

Outstanding at December 31, 2005

   434,713       24.14

Granted

   5,000       55.83

Exercised

   (57,563 )     15.61

Cancelled

   (800 )     37.83
            

Outstanding at December 31, 2006

   381,350       25.81

Granted

   —         —  

Exercised

   (25,850 )     23.31

Cancelled

   (1,000 )     37.83
            

Outstanding at December 31, 2007

   354,500     $ 25.96
            

The fair value of the stock options granted at the grant date under the Stock Option Plan in 2006 and 2005 was $0.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively. The total grant date fair value of the 68,470, 67,670 and 79,870 shares vesting in 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $1.0 million, $1.4 million and $1.5 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of options exercised in 2007 was $0.8 million. Total cash received from the options exercised in 2007 was $0.6 million.

 

     Outstanding Options at
December 31, 2007

Exercise Prices

   Number of
Shares
   Weighted Average Remaining
Contractual Life
   Weighted Average
Exercise Price

$3.75

   34,000    1.0 years    $ 3.75

$16.69 – $19.04

   95,800    4.4 years    $ 18.37

$21.50 – $26.28

   84,460    5.9 years    $ 22.93

$34.75 – $37.83

   135,240    7.0 years    $ 37.71

$53.90 – $60.32

   5,000    8.3 years    $ 55.83

The aggregate intrinsic value of the 354,500 shares outstanding subject to options at December 31, 2007 was $7.2 million with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 5.5 years.

 

     Exercisable Options At
December 31, 2007

Exercise Prices

   Number of
Shares
   Weighted
Average
Exercise Price

$3.75

   34,000    $ 3.75

$16.69 – $19.04

   95,800    $ 18.37

$21.50 – $22.95

   64,290    $ 22.86

$34.83 – $37.83

   72,040    $ 37.79

$53.90 – $60.32

   1,000    $ 55.83

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Options for 267,130, 224,910 and 214,803 shares were exercisable with weighted average exercise prices of $22.97, $21.34 and $17.68 at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of shares exercisable at December 31, 2007 was $6.2 million with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 5.0 years.

In February and May 1992, our Board of Directors and shareholders, respectively, approved the Unit Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan. Under the plan, on the first business day following each annual meeting of shareholders, each person who was then a member of our Board of Directors and who was not then an employee of the company or any of its subsidiaries was granted an option to purchase 2,500 shares of common stock. In February and May 2000, our Board of Directors and shareholders, respectively, approved the Unit Corporation 2000 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan, which replaced the prior plan. Under the new plan an aggregate of 300,000 shares of common stock may be issued on exercise of the stock options. Commencing with the year 2000 annual meeting, the amount granted increased to 3,500 shares of common stock. The option price for each stock option is the fair market value of the common stock on the date the stock options are granted. The term of each option is 10 years and cannot be increased and no stock options may be exercised during the first six months of its term except in case of death.

Activity pertaining to the Directors’ Plan is as follows:

 

     Number of
Shares
    Weighted Average
Exercise Price

Outstanding at January 1, 2005

   94,000     $ 20.27

Granted

   24,500       39.50

Exercised

   (19,000 )     17.99

Cancelled

   (3,500 )     39.50
            

Outstanding at December 31, 2005

   96,000       24.93

Granted

   28,000       62.40

Exercised

   (3,500 )     20.10
            

Outstanding at December 31, 2006

   120,500       33.78

Granted

   28,000       57.63

Exercised

   (6,000 )     14.81
            

Outstanding at December 31, 2007

   142,500     $ 39.26
            

The fair value of the stock options granted at the grant date under the Stock Option Plan in 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $0.6 million, $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The total grant date fair value of the 28,000, 28,000 and 24,500 shares vesting in 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $0.6 million, $0.7 million and $0.6 million, respectively. The intrinsic value of options exercised in 2007 was $0.2 million. Total cash received from options exercised in 2007 was $0.1 million.

 

     Outstanding and Exercisable Options at
December 31, 2007

Exercise Prices

   Number of
Shares
   Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
   Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price

$6.90

   2,500    1.3 years    $ 6.90

$12.19 – $17.54

   14,000    3.1 years    $ 16.20

$20.10 – $20.46

   28,000    4.8 years    $ 20.28

$28.23 – $39.50

   42,000    6.8 years    $ 33.87

$57.63 – $62.40

   56,000    8.8 years    $ 60.02

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Options for 142,500, 120,500 and 96,000 shares were exercisable with weighted average exercise prices of $39.26, $33.78 and $24.93 at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The aggregate intrinsic value of the shares outstanding subject to options at December 31, 2007 was $1.8 million with a weighted average remaining contractual term of 6.8 years.

NOTE 12.—DERIVATIVES

Interest Rate Swaps

We have entered into interest rate swaps to help manage our exposure to possible future interest rate increases. As of December 31, 2007, we had three interest rate swaps which were cash flow hedges. There was no material amount of ineffectiveness. The fair value of these swaps was recognized on the December 31, 2007 balance sheet as current and non-current derivative assets and liabilities and is presented in the table below:

 

Term

   Amount    Fixed
Rate
    Floating Rate    Fair
Value
Asset
(Liability)
 
     ($ in thousands)  

March 2005—January 2008

   $ 50,000    3.99 %   3 month LIBOR    $ 96  

December 2007—May 2012

   $ 15,000    4.53 %   3 month LIBOR      (240 )

December 2007—May 2012

   $ 15,000    4.16 %   3 month LIBOR      (9 )
                
           $ (153 )
                

As a result of these interest rate swaps, interest expense decreased by $0.7 million and $0.5 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively, and increased by $0.2 million in 2005. A loss of $0.1 million, net of tax, is reflected in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) as of December 31, 2007.

Commodity Hedges

We have entered into various types of derivative instruments covering a portion of our projected natural gas, oil and NGL production or processing, as applicable, to reduce our exposure to market price volatility as discussed more fully below and elsewhere in this report. As of December 31, 2007, our derivative instruments were comprised of swaps and collars.

 

   

Swaps. We receive or pay a fixed price for the hedged commodity and pay or receive a floating market price to the counterparty. The fixed-price payment and the floating-price payment are netted, resulting in a net amount due to or paid from the counterparty.

 

   

Collars. A collar contains a fixed floor price (put) and a ceiling price (call). If the market price exceeds the call strike price or falls below the put strike price, we receive the fixed price and pay the market price. If the market price is between the call and the put strike price, no payments are due from either party.

 

   

Fractionation Spreads. In our mid-stream segment, when we enter into both NGL sales swaps and natural gas purchase swaps, we attempt to lock in our fractionation spread for natural gas processed. The fractionation spread is the difference in the value received for the NGLs recovered from natural gas in comparison to the amount received for the equivalent MMBtu’s of natural gas if unprocessed.

Currently all of our commodity hedges are cash flow hedges and there is no material amount of ineffectiveness. At December 31, 2007, we recorded the fair value of our commodity hedges on our balance sheet as derivative assets of $2.0 million and derivative liabilities of $0.1 million. At December 31, 2006, we had derivative assets of $1.4 million and no derivative liabilities.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

We recognize the effective portion of changes in fair value as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), and reclassify the sales to revenue and the purchases to expense as the underlying transactions are settled. As of December 31, 2007, we had a gain of $2.1 million, net of tax, from our oil and natural gas segment derivatives and a loss of $0.8 million, net of tax, from our mid-stream segment derivatives in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). At December 31, 2007 all of our commodity instruments were short-term and will be settled into earnings within twelve months. Realized earnings from our commodity derivative settlements included in revenues and expenses were as follows at December 31:

 

     2007     2006    2005  
     (In thousands)  

Increases (decreases) in:

  

Oil and natural gas revenue

   $ 2,589     $     —      $ (4,081 )

Gas gathering and processing revenue

     (2,078 )     —        —    

Gas gathering and processing expense

     1,694       —        —    
                       

Impact on pre-tax earnings

   $ (1,183 )   $ —      $ (4,081 )
                       

At December 31, 2007, the following cash flow hedges were outstanding:

Oil and Natural Gas Segment:

 

Term

   Sell/
Purchase
  

Commodity

  

Hedged Volume

  

Average Fixed Price

   Market

Jan’08 – Apr’08

   Sell    Liquids—swap (1)    388,000 Gal/mo    $1.235    OPIS—Conway

Jan’08 – Apr’08

   Sell    Liquids—swap (1)    500,000 Gal/mo    $1.164    OPIS—Mont Belvieu

Jan’08 – Dec’08

   Sell    Crude oil—swap    1,000 Bbl/day    $91.32    WTI—NYMEX

Jan’08 – Dec’08

   Sell    Crude oil—collar    1,000 Bbl/day    $85.00 put & $98.75 call    WTI—NYMEX

Jan’08 – Dec’08

   Sell    Natural gas—swap    10,000 MMBtu/day    $7.615    IF—Centerpoint East

Jan’08 – Dec’08

   Sell    Natural gas—collar    10,000 MMBtu/day    $7.00 put & $8.40 call    IF—Centerpoint East

Jan’08 – Dec’08

   Sell    Natural gas—collar    10,000 MMBtu/day    $7.20 put & $8.80 call    IF—CP Tenn (Zone 0)

 

(1) Types of liquids include ethane and propane.

Mid-Stream Segment:

 

Term

   Sell/
Purchase
  

Commodity

  

Hedged Volume

   Average
Fixed
Price
  

Market

Jan’08 – Apr’08

   Sell    Liquids—swap (1)    1,836,000 Gal/mo    $ 1.424    OPIS—Conway

Jan’08 – Apr’08

   Purchase    Natural gas—swap    171,000 MMBtu/mo    $ 6.673    IF—PEPL

May’08 – Jul’08

   Sell    Liquids—swap (2)    1,038,000 Gal/mo    $ 1.109    OPIS—Conway

May’08 – Jul’08

   Purchase    Natural gas—swap    85,000 MMBtu/mo    $ 6.415    IF—PEPL

 

(1) Types of liquids include natural gasoline, ethane, propane, isobutane and natural butane.

 

(2) Types of liquids include ethane and propane.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

Subsequent to December 31, 2007, we entered into the following cash flow hedges:

Oil and Natural Gas Segment:

 

Term

   Sell/
Purchase
  

Commodity

 

Hedged Volume

  

Average Fixed Price

   Market

Jan’08 – Apr’08

   Sell    Liquids—swap (1)   194,000 Gal/mo    $1.288    OPIS—Conway

Jan’08 – Apr’08

   Sell    Liquids—swap (1)   250,000 Gal/mo    $1.239    OPIS—Mont Belvieu

Jan’08 – Dec’08

   Sell    Crude oil—collar   500 Bbl/day    $90.00 put & $102.50 call    WTI—NYMEX

Feb’08 – Dec’08

   Sell    Natural gas—swap   10,000 MMBtu/day    $7.43    IF—Centerpoint East

Feb’08 – Dec’08

   Sell    Natural gas—collar   10,000 MMBtu/day    $7.50 put & $8.70 call    NGPL—TXOK

Jan’09 – Dec’09

   Sell    Natural gas—swap   10,000 MMBtu/day    $7.77    IF—Centerpoint East

Jan’09 – Dec’09

   Sell    Natural gas—swap   10,000 MMBtu/day    $8.28    IF—CP Tenn (Zone 0)

 

(1) Types of liquids include ethane and propane.

Mid-Stream Segment:

 

Term

   Sell/
Purchase
  

Commodity

  

Hedged Volume

   Average
Fixed
Price
  

Market

Aug’08 – Dec’08

   Sell    Propane    188,000 Gal/mo    $ 1.434    OPIS—Conway

Aug’08 – Dec’08

   Purchase    Natural gas—swap    17,000 MMBtu/mo    $ 6.908    IF—PEPL

NOTE 13—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

We lease office space in Tulsa and Woodward, Oklahoma; Houston and Midland, Texas; and Denver, Colorado under the terms of operating leases expiring through January, 2012. Additionally, we have several equipment leases and lease space on short-term commitments to stack excess drilling rig equipment and production inventory.   Future minimum rental payments under the terms of the leases are approximately $1.8 million, $1.8 million and $0.4 million in 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively. Total rent expense incurred was $1.7 million, $1.3 million and $1.1 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

The Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership and the 1986 Energy Income Limited Partnership agreements along with the employee oil and gas limited partnerships require, on the election of a limited partner, that we repurchase the limited partner’s interest at amounts to be determined by appraisal in the future. These repurchases in any one year are limited to 20% of the units outstanding. We made repurchases of $7,000 and $4,000 in 2006 and 2005, respectively, and had no repurchases in 2007.

We manage our exposure to environmental liabilities on properties to be acquired by identifying existing problems and assessing the potential liability. We also conduct periodic reviews, on a company-wide basis, to identify changes in our environmental risk profile. These reviews evaluate whether there is a probable liability, its amount, and the likelihood that the liability will be incurred. The amount of any potential liability is determined by considering, among other matters, incremental direct costs of any likely remediation and the proportionate cost of employees who are expected to devote a significant amount of time directly to any possible remediation effort. As it relates to evaluations of purchased properties, depending on the extent of an identified environmental problem, we may exclude a property from the acquisition, require the seller to remediate the property to our satisfaction, or agree to assume liability for the remediation of the property.

We have not historically experienced any environmental liability while being a contract driller since the greatest portion of risk is borne by the operator. Any liabilities we have incurred have been small and have been resolved while the drilling rig is on the location and the cost has been included in the direct cost of drilling the well.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

We have committed to purchase approximately $26.5 million of drill pipe and drill collars in 2008. We have also committed to purchase $1.5 million of drilling rig components with 20% or $0.3 million paid through December 31, 2007.

We are subject to various legal proceedings arising in the ordinary course of our various businesses none of which, in our opinion, will result in judgments which would have a material adverse effect on our financial position, operating results or cash flows.

NOTE 14—INDUSTRY SEGMENT INFORMATION

We have three business segments: contract drilling, oil and natural gas exploration and mid-stream operations, representing our three main business units offering different products and services. The contract drilling segment is engaged in the land contract drilling of oil and natural gas wells, the oil and natural gas exploration segment is engaged in the development, acquisition and production of oil and natural gas properties and the mid-stream segment is engaged in the buying, selling, gathering, processing and treating of natural gas.

The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the “Summary of Significant Accounting Policies” (Note 2). We evaluate the performance of our business segments based on operating income, which is defined as operating revenues less operating expenses and depreciation, depletion and amortization. We also have some natural gas production in Canada, which is not significant.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

 

     2007     2006     2005  
     (In thousands)  

Revenues:

      

Contract drilling

   $ 673,517     $ 741,176     $ 483,501  

Elimination of inter-segment revenue

     45,875       41,780       21,360  
                        

Contract drilling net of inter-segment revenue

     627,642       699,396       462,141  
                        

Oil and natural gas exploration

     391,480       357,599       318,208  
                        

Gas gathering and processing

     161,679       115,146       109,652  

Elimination of inter-segment revenue

     23,084       13,283       9,188  
                        

Gas gathering and processing net of inter-segment revenue

     138,595       101,863       100,464  
                        

Other

     1,037       3,527       4,795  
                        

Total revenues

   $ 1,158,754     $ 1,162,385     $ 885,608  
                        

Operating income (1):

      

Contract drilling

   $ 266,058     $ 333,555     $ 152,793  

Oil and natural gas exploration

     166,954       168,355       190,147  

Gas gathering and processing

     7,760       6,782       4,718  
                        

Total operating income

     440,772       508,692       347,658  

General and administrative expense

     (22,036 )     (18,690 )     (14,343 )

Interest expense

     (6,362 )     (5,273 )     (3,437 )

Other income (expense)—net

     1,037       3,527       4,795  
                        

Income before income taxes

   $ 413,411     $ 488,256     $ 334,673  
                        

Identifiable assets (2):

      

Contract drilling

   $ 879,784     $ 755,290     $ 593,328  

Oil and natural gas exploration

     1,148,633       979,362       752,538  

Gas gathering and processing

     148,865       123,500       97,486  
                        

Total identifiable assets

     2,177,282       1,858,152       1,443,352  

Corporate assets

     22,537       15,944       12,843  
                        

Total assets

   $ 2,199,819     $ 1,874,096     $ 1,456,195  
                        

Capital expenditures:

      

Contract drilling

   $ 220,424 (3)   $ 170,485 (4)   $ 142,242 (5)

Oil and natural gas exploration

     307,337       350,156 (6)     274,597  

Gas gathering and processing

     34,176       42,942 (7)     21,796  

Other

     2,190       2,566       1,753  
                        

Total capital expenditures

   $ 564,127     $ 566,149     $ 440,388  
                        

Depreciation, depletion and amortization:

      

Contract drilling

   $ 56,804     $ 51,959     $ 42,876  

Oil and natural gas exploration

     127,417       108,124       67,282  

Gas gathering and processing

     11,059       6,247       3,279  

Other

     831       736       857  
                        

Total depreciation, depletion and amortization

   $ 196,111     $ 167,066     $ 114,294  
                        

 

(1) Operating income is total operating revenues less operating expenses, depreciation, depletion and amortization and does not include non-operating revenues, general corporate expenses, interest expense or income taxes.

 

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(2) Identifiable assets are those used in Unit’s operations in each industry segment. Corporate assets are principally cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, corporate leasehold improvements, furniture and equipment.

 

(3) Includes $5.3 million of goodwill from the acquisition in June 2007.

 

(4) Includes $17.9 million of goodwill from the third and final year of the SerDrilco earn-out agreement.

 

(5) Includes $1.1 million for goodwill acquired in the Strata Drilling, L.L.C. and $7.6 million for goodwill from the second year of the SerDrilco earn-out agreement.

 

(6) Includes $10.2 million for capitalized cost relating to plugging liability recorded in 2006.

 

(7) Includes $18.0 million for capitalized intangibles.

NOTE 15—SELECTED QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)

Summarized quarterly financial information for 2007 and 2006 is as follows:

 

     Three Months Ended
     March 31    June 30    September 30    December 31
     (In thousands except per share amounts)

2007:

           

Revenues

   $ 277,271    $ 286,640    $ 286,335    $ 308,508
                           

Gross profit (1)

   $ 106,829    $ 108,916    $ 106,509    $ 118,518
                           

Net income

   $ 64,482    $ 65,566    $ 64,061    $ 72,149
                           

Net income per common share:

           

Basic

   $ 1.39    $ 1.41    $ 1.38    $ 1.56
                           

Diluted (2)

   $ 1.39    $ 1.41    $ 1.37    $ 1.55
                           

2006:

           

Revenues

   $ 282,808    $ 280,349    $ 299,894    $ 299,334
                           

Gross profit (1)

   $ 122,649    $ 123,642    $ 134,369    $ 128,032
                           

Net income

   $ 74,913    $ 74,817    $ 81,265    $ 81,182
                           

Net income per common share:

           

Basic (2)

   $ 1.62    $ 1.62    $ 1.76    $ 1.76
                           

Diluted

   $ 1.61    $ 1.61    $ 1.75    $ 1.75
                           

 

(1) Gross profit excludes other revenues, general and administrative expense and interest expense.

 

(2) Due to the effect of rounding the basic earnings per share for the year's four quarters does not equal annual earnings per share.

 

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SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS DISCLOSURES

 

Our oil and gas operations are substantially located in the United States. We do have operations in Canada that are insignificant. The capitalized costs at year end and costs incurred during the year were as follows:

 

     2007     2006     2005  
     (In thousands)  

Capitalized costs:

      

Proved properties

   $ 1,624,478     $ 1,330,010     $ 995,119  

Unproved properties

     64,722       53,687       38,421  
                        
     1,689,200       1,383,697       1,033,540  

Accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

     (589,029 )     (462,310 )     (354,706 )
                        

Net capitalized costs

   $ 1,100,171     $ 921,387     $ 678,834  
                        

Cost incurred:

      

Unproved properties acquired

   $ 33,398     $ 29,262     $ 23,814  

Proved properties acquired

     1,820       92,278       106,921  

Exploration

     37,673       26,008       16,862  

Development

     235,203       192,421       125,073  

Asset retirement obligation

     (757 )     10,187       1,927  
                        

Total costs incurred

   $ 307,337     $ 350,156     $ 274,597  
                        

The following table shows a summary of the oil and natural gas property costs not being amortized at December 31, 2007, by the year in which such costs were incurred:

 

     2007    2006    2005    2004 and
Prior
   Total
     (In thousands)

Undeveloped Leasehold Acquired

   $ 31,220    $ 15,889    $ 14,968    $ 2,645    $ 64,722

Unproved properties not subject to amortization relates to properties which are not individually significant and consist primarily of lease acquisition costs. The evaluation process associated with these properties has not been completed and therefore, the company is unable to estimate when these costs will be included in the amortization calculation.

The results of operations for producing activities are provided below.

 

     2007     2006     2005  
     (In thousands)  

Revenues

   $ 386,231     $ 352,460     $ 314,543  

Production costs

     (84,382 )     (70,869 )     (53,449 )

Depreciation, depletion and amortization

     (126,719 )     (107,604 )     (66,910 )
                        
     175,130       173,987        194,184  

Income tax expense

     (62,337 )     (62,816 )     (70,929 )
                        

Results of operations for producing activities (excluding corporate overhead and financing costs)

   $ 112,793     $ 111,171     $ 123,255  
                        

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS DISCLOSURES—(Continued)

 

Estimated quantities of proved developed oil, liquids and natural gas reserves and changes in net quantities of proved developed and undeveloped oil, liquids and natural gas reserves were as follows (unaudited):

 

     Oil
Bbls
    Liquids
Bbls
    Natural
Gas Mcf
 
     (In thousands)  

2007:

      

Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:

      

Beginning of year

   9,357     2,226     406,400  

Revision of previous estimates (1)

   (111 )   2,830     (16,382 )

Extensions, discoveries and other additions

   1,521     1,878     72,642  

Purchases of minerals in place

   —       —       420  

Production

   (1,091 )   (785 )   (43,464 )
                  

End of Year

   9,676     6,149     419,616  
                  

Proved developed reserves:

      

Beginning of year

   7,465     2,042     307,734  

End of year

   7,770     5,133     326,071  

2006:

      

Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:

      

Beginning of year

   8,052     1,819     352,841  

Revision of previous estimates

   (20 )   179     (2,779 )

Extensions, discoveries and other additions

   1,240     638     71,453  

Purchases of minerals in place

   1,119     31     29,067  

Sales of minerals in place

   (22 )   —       (12 )

Production

   (1,012 )   (441 )   (44,170 )
                  

End of Year

   9,357     2,226     406,400  
                  

Proved developed reserves:

      

Beginning of year

   6,763     1,691     269,379  

End of year

   7,465     2,042     307,734  

2005:

      

Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:

      

Beginning of year

   7,487     1,074     295,406  

Revision of previous estimates

   (245 )   462     (2,072 )

Extensions, discoveries and other additions

   584     521     50,941  

Purchases of minerals in place

   1,072     —       43,056  

Sales of minerals in place

   —       —       (432 )

Production

   (846 )   (238 )   (34,058 )
                  

End of Year

   8,052     1,819     352,841  
                  

Proved developed reserves:

      

Beginning of year

   5,956     1,074     223,611  

End of year

   6,763     1,691     269,379  

 

(1) As a result of processing more natural gas liquids out of our natural gas, revisions of previous estimates reflect an increase in NGLs derived from natural gas.

Oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves cannot be measured exactly. Estimates of oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves require extensive judgments of reservoir engineering data and are generally less precise than other

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS DISCLOSURES—(Continued)

 

estimates made in connection with financial disclosures. We use Ryder Scott Company, independent petroleum consultants, to audit our reserves as prepared by our reservoir engineers. The wells or locations for which estimates of reserves were audited were reserves that comprised the top 83% of the total proved discounted future net income based on the unescalated pricing policy of the SEC as taken from reserve and income projections prepared by us as of December 31, 2007.

Proved oil and gas reserves, as defined in SEC Rule 4-10(a), are the estimated quantities of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids which geological and engineering data demonstrate with reasonable certainty to be recoverable in future years from known reservoirs under existing economic and operating conditions, i.e., prices and costs as of the date the estimate is made. Prices include consideration of changes in existing prices provided only by contractual arrangements, but not on escalations based on future conditions.

Reservoirs are considered proved if economic productibility is supported by either actual production or conclusive formation test. The area of a reservoir considered proved includes:

 

   

that portion delineated by drilling and defined by gas-oil and/or oil-water contacts, if any; and

 

   

the immediately adjoining portions not yet drilled, but which can be reasonably judged as economically productive on the basis of available geological and engineering data. In the absence of information on fluid contacts, the lowest known structural occurrence of hydrocarbons controls the lower

proved limit of the reservoir.

Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (such as fluid injection) are included in the “proved” classification when successful testing by a pilot project, or the operation of an installed program in the reservoir, provides support for the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based.

Estimates of proved reserves do not include the following:

 

   

oil that may become available from known reservoirs but is classified separately as “indicated additional reserves”;

 

   

crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, the recovery of which is subject to reasonable doubt because of uncertainty as to geology, reservoir characteristics, or economic factors;

 

   

crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, that may occur in undrilled prospects; and

 

   

crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids, that may be recovered from oil shales, coal, gilsonite and other such sources.

Proved developed oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves are reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods. Additional oil and gas expected to be obtained through the application of fluid injection or other improved recovery techniques for supplementing the natural forces and mechanisms of primary recovery should be included as “proved developed reserves” only after testing by a pilot project or after the operation of an installed program has confirmed through production response that increased recovery will be achieved.

Proved undeveloped oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves are reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those drilling units offsetting productive units that are reasonably certain of production when drilled. Proved reserves for other undrilled units can be claimed

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS DISCLOSURES—(Continued)

 

only where it can be demonstrated with certainty that there is continuity of production from the existing productive formation. Under no circumstances should estimates for proved undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual tests in the area and in the same reservoir.

Estimates of oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves require extensive judgments of reservoir engineering data as previously explained. Assigning monetary values to such estimates does not reduce the subjectivity and changing nature of such reserve estimates. Indeed the uncertainties inherent in the disclosure are compounded by applying additional estimates of the rates and timing of production and the costs that will be incurred in developing and producing the reserves. The information set forth in this report is, therefore, subjective and, since judgments are involved, may not be comparable to estimates submitted by other oil and natural gas producers. In addition, since prices and costs do not remain static and no price or cost escalations or de-escalations have been considered, the results are not necessarily indicative of the estimated fair market value of estimated proved reserves, nor of estimated future cash flows.

The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows (“SMOG”) was calculated using year-end prices and costs, and year-end statutory tax rates, adjusted for permanent differences that relate to existing proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves. SMOG as of December 31 is as follows (unaudited):

 

     2007     2006     2005  
     (In thousands)  

Future cash flows

   $ 3,890,789     $ 2,749,673     $ 3,223,210  

Future production costs

     (1,007,681 )     (763,677 )     (753,933 )

Future development costs

     (234,415 )     (218,749 )     (142,259 )

Future income tax expenses

     (880,560 )     (538,720 )     (792,052 )
                        

Future net cash flows

     1,768,133       1,228,527       1,534,966  

10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows

     (777,802 )     (543,632 )     (671,283 )
                        

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves

   $ 990,331     $ 684,895     $ 863,683  
                        

 

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UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

SUPPLEMENTAL OIL AND GAS DISCLOSURES—(Continued)

 

The principal sources of changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows were as follows (unaudited):

 

     2007     2006     2005  
     (In thousands)  

Sales and transfers of oil and natural gas produced, net of production costs

   $ (301,847 )   $ (281,591 )   $ (261,094 )

Net changes in prices and production costs

     344,497       (408,186 )     357,793  

Revisions in quantity estimates and changes in production timing

     (155 )     (4,190 )     (2,821 )

Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery, less related costs

     311,529       197,897       218,923  

Changes in estimated future development costs

     19,971       (10,875 )     (14,281 )

Previously estimated cost incurred during the period

     49,333       30,112       21,330  

Purchases of minerals in place

     1,540       65,531       128,187  

Sales of minerals in place

     —         (399 )     (640 )

Accretion of discount

     98,412       131,290       78,706  

Net change in income taxes

     (192,045 )     149,990       (183,764 )

Other—net

     (25,799 )     (48,367 )     (268 )
                        

Net change

     305,436       (178,788 )     342,071  

Beginning of year

     684,895       863,683       521,612  
                        

End of year

   $ 990,331     $ 684,895     $ 863,683  
                        

Our SMOG and changes to it were determined in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 69. Certain information concerning the assumptions used in computing SMOG and their inherent limitations are discussed below. We believe this information is essential for a proper understanding and assessment of the data presented.

The assumptions used to compute SMOG do not necessarily reflect our expectations of actual revenues to be derived from those reserves nor their present worth. Assigning monetary values to the reserve quantity estimation process does not reduce the subjective and ever-changing nature of reserve estimates. Additional subjectivity occurs when determining present values because the rate of producing the reserves must be estimated. In addition to difficulty inherent in predicting the future, variations from the expected production rate could result from factors outside of our control, such as unintentional delays in development, environmental concerns or changes in prices or regulatory controls. Also, the reserve valuation assumes that all reserves will be disposed of by production. However, other factors such as the sale of reserves in place could affect the amount of cash eventually realized.

Future cash flows are computed by applying year-end spot prices of $95.98 per barrel for oil, $66.89 per barrel for NGLs and $6.22 per Mcf for natural gas relating to proved reserves and to the year-end quantities of those reserves. Future price changes are considered only to the extent provided by contractual arrangements in existence at year-end.

Future production and development costs are computed by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing the proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves at the end of the year, based on continuation of existing economic conditions.

Future income tax expenses are computed by applying the appropriate year-end statutory tax rates to the future pretax net cash flows relating to proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves less the tax basis of our properties. The future income tax expenses also give effect to permanent differences and tax credits and allowances relating to our proved oil, NGLs and natural gas reserves.

Care should be exercised in the use and interpretation of the above data. As production occurs over the next several years, the results shown may be significantly different as changes in production performance, petroleum prices and costs are likely to occur.

 

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Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure  

None.

 

Item 9A. Controls and Procedures  

 

  (a) Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

The company maintains “disclosure controls and procedures,” as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) and Rule 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed in reports the company files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms, and that such information is collected and communicated to management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. In designing and evaluating its disclosure controls and procedures, our management recognized that no matter how well conceived and operated, disclosure controls and procedures can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the objectives of the disclosure controls and procedures are met. Our disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to meet, and our management believes that they meet, reasonable assurance standards. Based on their evaluation as of the end of the period covered by this Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, subject to the limitations noted above, the company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

 

  (b) Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

Our management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as that is defined in Exchange Act Rule 13a-15(f). Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the results of this evaluation, our management concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2007.

The effectiveness of the company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which appears herein.

 

  (c) Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting

During the last quarter, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

 

Item 9B. Other Information

None.

 

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PART III

 

Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance  

In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this item is incorporated in this report by reference to the Proxy Statement, except for the information regarding our executive officers which is presented below. The Proxy Statement will be filed before our annual shareholders’ meeting scheduled to be held on May 7, 2008.

Our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct applies to all directors, officers and employees, including our Chief Executive Officer, our Chief Financial Officer and our Controller. You can find our Code of Ethics and Business Conduct on our internet website, www.unitcorp.com. We will post any amendments to the Code of Ethics and Business Conduct, and any waivers that are required to be disclosed by the rules of either the SEC or the NYSE, on our internet website.

Because our common stock is listed on the NYSE, our Chief Executive Officer was required to make, and he has made, an annual certification to the NYSE stating that he was not aware of any violation of our corporate governance listing standards of the NYSE. Our Chief Executive Officer made his annual certification to that effect to the NYSE as of May 3, 2007. In addition, we have filed, as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, the certifications of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required under Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to be filed with the SEC regarding the quality of our public disclosure.

Executive Officers

The table below and accompanying text sets forth certain information as of February 15, 2008 concerning each of our executive officers as well as certain officers of our subsidiaries. There were no arrangements or understandings between any of the officers and any other person(s) under which the officers were elected.

 

NAME

   AGE   

POSITION HELD

Larry D. Pinkston

   53    Chief Executive Officer since April 1, 2005,
      Director since January 15, 2004,
      President since August 1, 2003, Chief Operating Officer since February 24, 2004,
      Vice President and Chief Financial Officer from May 1989 to February 24, 2004

Mark E. Schell

   50    Senior Vice President since December 2002,
      General Counsel and Corporate Secretary since January 1987

David T. Merrill

   47    Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since February 24, 2004,
      Vice President of Finance from August 2003 to February 24, 2004

Brad J. Guidry

   52    Senior Vice President, Unit Petroleum Company since March 1, 2005

John Cromling

   60    Executive Vice President, Unit Drilling Company since April 15, 2005

Robert Parks

   53    A Manager and President, Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C. since June 1996

Richard E. Heck

   47    Vice President, Safety, Health and Environment since January 2008

Mr. Pinkston joined the company in December, 1981. He had served as Corporate Budget Director and Assistant Controller before being appointed Controller in February, 1985. In December, 1986 he was elected Treasurer of the company and was elected to the position of Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in May, 1989. In August, 2003, he was elected to the position of President. He was elected a director of the company by the Board in January, 2004. In February, 2004, in addition to his position as President, he was elected to the office of Chief Operating Officer. In April 2005, he also began serving as Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Pinkston holds the offices of President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Operating Officer. He holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting from East Central University of Oklahoma.

 

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Mr. Schell joined the company in January 1987, as its Secretary and General Counsel. In December 2002, he was elected to the additional position as Senior Vice President. From 1979 until joining the company, Mr. Schell was Counsel, Vice President and a member of the Board of Directors of C&S Exploration, Inc. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Political Science from Arizona State University and his Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Tulsa Law School. He is a member of the Oklahoma and American Bar Association as well as being a member of the American Corporate Counsel. He also serves as a director of the Oklahoma Independent Producers Association.

Mr. Merrill joined the company in August 2003 and served as its Vice President of Finance until February 2004 when he was elected to the position of Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. From May 1999 through August 2003, Mr. Merrill served as Senior Vice President, Finance with TV Guide Networks, Inc. From July 1996 through May 1999 he was a Senior Manager with Deloitte & Touche LLP. From July 1994 through July 1996 he was Director of Financial Reporting and Special Projects for MAPCO, Inc. He began his career as an auditor with Deloitte, Haskins & Sells in 1983. Mr. Merrill received a Bachelor of Business Administration Degree in Accounting from the University of Oklahoma and is a Certified Public Accountant.

Mr. Guidry joined Unit Petroleum Company in August 1988 as a Staff Geologist. In 1991, he was promoted to Geologic Manager overseeing the Geologic Operations of the company. In January 2003, he was promoted to Vice President of the West division. In March 2005, Mr. Guidry was promoted to Senior Vice President of Exploration for Unit Petroleum Company. From 1979 to 1988, he was employed as a Division Geologist for Reading and Bates Petroleum Co. From 1978 to 1979, he worked with ANR Resources in Houston. He began his career as an open hole well logging engineer with Dresser Atlas Oilfield Services. Mr. Guidry graduated from Louisiana State University with a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology.

Mr. Cromling joined Unit Drilling Company in 1997 as a Vice-President and Division Manager. In April 2005, he was promoted to the position of Executive Vice-President of Drilling for Unit Drilling Company. In 1980, he formed Cromling Drilling Company which managed and operated drilling rigs until 1987. From 1987 to 1997, Cromling Drilling Company provided engineering consulting services and generated and drilled oil and natural gas prospects. Prior to this, he was employed by Big Chief Drilling for 11 years and served as Vice-President. Mr. Cromling graduated from the University of Oklahoma with a degree in Petroleum Engineering.

Mr. Parks founded Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C. in 1996. When Superior was acquired by the company in July 2004, he continued with Superior as one of its managers and as its President. From April 1992 through April 1996 Mr. Parks served as Vice-President—Gathering and Processing for Cimarron Gas Companies. From December 1986 through March 1992, he served as Vice-President—Business Development for American Central Gas Companies. Mr. Parks began his career as an engineer with Cities Service Company in 1978. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Chemical Engineering from Rice University and his M.B.A. from the University of Texas at Austin.

Mr. Heck joined Unit Drilling Company in March 2005 as Director of Safety, Health and Environment. In January 2008, he was promoted to the position of Vice President, Safety, Health and Environment for Unit Corporation. From 2001 through 2003 Mr. Heck was a Senior Safety and Loss Prevention Manager with the Williams Companies. From 1998 to 2001 he served as Director of Safety, Health and Environment for MAPCO's Thermogas Company. Mr. Heck worked with Union Oil Company of California from 1984 to 1998. He started his career with Union Oil as a drilling engineer prior to serving in various safety, health and environmental positions. Mr. Heck graduated from the New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology with a Bachelor of Science Degree in Petroleum Engineering.

 

Item 11. Executive Compensation

In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated into this report by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above).

 

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Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

The following table provides information for all equity compensation plans as of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007, under which our equity securities were authorized for issuance:

 

Plan Category

   Number of Securities to be
Issued Upon Exercise of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights

(a)
    Weighted Average
Exercise Price of
Outstanding Options,
Warrants and Rights
(b)
   Number of Securities
Remaining Available for
Future Issuance Under
Equity Compensation Plans
(Excluding Securities
Reflected in Column (a))

(c)
 

Equity compensation plans approved by security holders (1)

   409,630 (2)   $ 28.64    1,745,468 (3)

Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders

   —         —      —    
                   

Total

   409,630     $ 28.64    1,745,468  
                   

 

(1) Shares awarded under all above plans may be newly issued, from our treasury or acquired in the open market.

 

(2) This number includes the following:

267,130 stock options outstanding under the company's Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan.

142,500 stock options outstanding under the Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan.

 

(3) This number reflects 31,500 shares available for issuance under the Non-Employee Directors' Stock Option Plan and 1,713,968 shares available for issuance under the Unit Corporation Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan. No more than 2,000,000 of the shares available under the Unit Corporation Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan may be issued as “incentive stock options” and all of the shares available under this plan may be issued as restricted stock. In addition, shares related to grants that are forfeited, terminated, cancelled, expire unexercised, or settled in such manner that all or some of the shares are not issued to a participant shall immediately become available for issuance.

In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated into this report by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above).

 

Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence

In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated into this report by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above).

 

Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services  

In accordance with Instruction G(3) of Form 10-K, the information required by this Item is incorporated into this report by reference to the Proxy Statement (see Item 10 above).

 

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PART IV

 

Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules  

(a) Financial Statements, Schedules and Exhibits:

 

1. Financial Statements:  

Included in Part II of this report:

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2007 and 2006
Consolidated Statements of Income for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity for the years ended December 31,
    2005, 2006 and 2007
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 

2. Financial Statement Schedules:  

Included in Part IV of this report for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005:

Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts and Reserves

Other schedules are omitted because of the absence of conditions under which they are required or because the required information is included in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.

 

3. Exhibits:

The exhibit numbers in the following list correspond to the numbers assigned such exhibits in the Exhibit Table of Item 601 of Regulation S-K.

 

  3.1    Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Unit Corporation (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Form S-3 (file No. 333-83551), which is incorporated herein by reference).
  3.1.2    Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Company (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Unit's Form 8-K, dated May 9, 2006 which incorporated herein by reference).
  3.2    By-Laws of Unit Corporation as amended and restated through June 19, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 3.2 to Unit’s Form 8-K, dated June 21, 2007 which is incorporated herein by reference).
  4.2.1    Form of Common Stock Certificate (filed as Exhibit 4.1 on Form S-3 as S.E.C. File No. 333-83551, which is incorporated herein by reference).
  4.2.2    Rights Agreement as amended and restated on May 18, 2005 (filed as Exhibit 4.1 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated May 18, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference).
  4.3    Indenture (filed as Exhibit 4.3 to Unit’s Form S-3 filed with the S.E.C. File No. 333-104165, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.1.1    Third Amended and Restated Security Agreement effective November 1, 2005 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated November 4, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.1.2*    Form of Unit Corporation Restricted Stock Bonus Agreement (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated December 13, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.1.3*    Unit Corporation Stock and Incentive Compensation Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix A to the Company's Proxy Statement for its 2006 Annual Meeting filed on March 29, 2006).

 

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10.1.4    Consulting Agreement with John G. Nikkel dated April 9, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated April 10, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.1.5    First Amended and Restated Senior Credit Agreement dated May 24, 2007 (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated May 25, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.1    Unit 1979 Oil and Gas Program Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as Exhibit I to Unit Drilling and Exploration Company’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 as S.E.C. File No. 2-66347, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.2    Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Program Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit 3.1 to Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Program’s Registration Statement Form S-1 as S.E.C. File No. 2-92582, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.3*    Unit Drilling and Exploration Employee Bonus Plan (filed as Exhibit 10.16 to Unit’s Registration Statement on Form S-4 as S.E.C. File No. 33-7848, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.4*    Unit’s Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Registration Statement on Form S-8 as S.E.C. File No’s. 33-19652, 33-44103, 33-64323 and 333-39584 which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.5*    Unit Corporation Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Form S-8 as S.E.C. File No. 33-49724, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.6*    Unit Corporation Employees’ Thrift Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Form S-8 as S.E.C. File No. 33-53542, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.7    Unit Consolidated Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1993, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.8*    Unit Corporation Salary Deferral Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1993, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.9*    Separation Agreement, dated May 11, 2001, between the Registrant and Mr. Kirchner (filed as Exhibit 99.4 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated May 18, 2001, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.10*    Consulting Agreement, dated December 16, 2004, between John G. Nikkel and the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.4 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated December 20, 2004).
10.2.11*    Unit Corporation Separation Benefit Plan for Senior Management as amended (filed as an Exhibit 10.1 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated December 20, 2004).
10.2.12*    Unit Corporation Special Separation Benefit Plan as amended (filed as Exhibit 10.3 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated December 20, 2004).
10.2.13*    Consulting Agreement Renewal dated April 12, 2006, between John G. Nikkel and the Registrant (filed as Exhibit 99.1 to Unit's Form 8-K dated April 18, 2006).
10.2.14    Unit 2000 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under the cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1999).
10.2.15*    Unit Corporation 2000 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan (filed as an Exhibit to Form S-8 as S.E.C. File No. 333-38166, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.16    Unit 2001 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under the cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000).

 

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Table of Contents
10.2.17    Unit 2002 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2001).
10.2.18    Unit 2003 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002).
10.2.19    Unit 2004 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2003).
10.2.20    Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004).
10.2.21*    Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into between the Company and its executive officers and directors (filed as Exhibit 10.1 to Unit’s Form 8-K dated February 22, 2005, which is incorporated herein by reference).
10.2.22    Unit 2006 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit's Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2005).
10.2.23    Unit 2007 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed as an Exhibit to Unit’s Annual Report under cover of Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006).
10.2.24    Separation Benefit Plan as amended August 21, 2007 (filed as an Exhibit to Unit's Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007).
10.2.25    Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership (filed herein).
21    Subsidiaries of the Registrant (filed herein).
23.1    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP (filed herein).
23.2    Consent of Ryder Scott Company, L.P. (filed herein).
31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Rule 13a - 14(a) of the Exchange Act (filed herein).
31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Rule 13a - 14(a) of the Exchange Act (filed herein).
32    Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer under Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herein).

 

* Indicates a management contract or compensatory plan identified under the requirements of Item 15 of Form 10-K.

 

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Table of Contents

Schedule II

UNIT CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS AND RESERVES

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts:

 

Description

   Balance at
Beginning
of Period
   Additions
Charged to
Costs &
Expenses
   Deductions
& Net
Write-Offs
   Balance at
End of
Period
     (In thousands)

Year ended December 31, 2007

   $ 1,600    $ 1,750    $    —      $ 3,350
                           

Year ended December 31, 2006

   $ 1,612    $ —      $ 12    $ 1,600
                           

Year ended December 31, 2005

   $ 1,661    $ —      $ 49    $ 1,612
                           

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

    UNIT CORPORATION
Date: February 28, 2008     By:   /s/    L ARRY D. P INKSTON        
        LARRY D. PINKSTON
       

President and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer)

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities indicated on the 28th day of February, 2008.

 

Name

  

Title

/s/    J OHN G. N IKKEL        

John G. Nikkel

   Chairman of the Board and Director

/s/    L ARRY D. P INKSTON        

Larry D. Pinkston

   President and Chief Executive Officer,
    Chief Operating Officer and Director
    (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/    D AVID T. M ERRILL        

David T. Merrill

   Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer
    (Principal Financial Officer)

/s/    S TANLEY W. B ELITZ        

Stanley W. Belitz

   Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

/s/    J. M ICHAEL A DCOCK        

J. Michael Adcock

   Director

/s/    G ARY C HRISTOPHER        

Gary Christopher

   Director

/s/    D ON C OOK        

Don Cook

   Director

/s/    K ING P. K IRCHNER        

King P. Kirchner

   Director

/s/    W ILLIAM B. M ORGAN        

William B. Morgan

   Director

/s/    R OBERT S ULLIVAN , J R .        

Robert Sullivan, Jr.

   Director

/s/    J OHN H. W ILLIAMS        

John H. Williams

   Director

 

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Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit No.

  

Description

10.2.25    Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership Agreement of Limited Partnership.
21    Subsidiaries of the Registrant.
23.1    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm, PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP.
23.2    Consent of Ryder Scott Company, L.P.
31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer under Rule 13a—14(a) of the Exchange Act.
31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer under Rule 13a—14(a) of the Exchange Act.
32    Certification of Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer under Rule 13a-14(a) of the Exchange Act and 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted under Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.

 

100

Exhibit 10.2.25

CONFIDENTIAL

For Private Placement Purposes Only

UNIT 2008 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

7130 South Lewis Avenue, Suite 1000

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136

(918) 493-7700

A PRIVATE OFFERING

OF

UNITS OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP INTEREST

 

 

THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, OR UNDER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES ACTS IN RELIANCE ON EXEMPTIONS PROVIDED BY SUCH ACTS. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION UNDER SUCH ACTS OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL ACCEPTABLE TO THE GENERAL PARTNER THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED. FURTHER, THE RESALE OF A UNIT MAY RESULT IN SUBSTANTIAL TAX LIABILITY TO THE INVESTOR. SEE “FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS.” ACCORDINGLY, THESE UNITS SHOULD BE CONSIDERED ONLY FOR LONG-TERM INVESTMENT. SEE “PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION — SUITABILITY OF INVESTORS.”

 

 

THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM IS PROVIDED BY THE GENERAL PARTNER SOLELY FOR THE PERSONS RECEIVING IT FROM THE GENERAL PARTNER AND ANY REPRODUCTION OR DISTRIBUTION OF THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM, IN WHOLE OR IN PART, OR THE DIVULGENCE OF ANY OF ITS CONTENTS IS PROHIBITED AND MAY CONSTITUTE A VIOLATION OF CERTAIN STATE SECURITIES LAWS. THE OFFEREE, BY ACCEPTING DELIVERY OF THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM, AGREES TO RETURN IT AND ALL ENCLOSED DOCUMENTS TO THE GENERAL PARTNER IF THE OFFEREE DOES NOT UNDERTAKE TO PURCHASE ANY OF THE UNITS OFFERED HEREBY.

 

 

Private Offering Memorandum Date December 10, 2007


900 Preformation

Units of Limited Partnership Interest

in the

UNIT 2008 EMPLOYEE

OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 

 

$1,000 Per Unit Plus Possible

Additional Assessments of $100 Per Unit

(Minimum Investment—2 Units)

Minimum Aggregate Subscriptions Necessary

to Form Partnership—50 Units

 

 

A maximum of 900 (minimum of 50) units of limited partnership interest (“Units”) in the UNIT 2008 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, a proposed Oklahoma limited partnership (the “Partnership”), are being offered privately only to certain employees of Unit Corporation (“UNIT”) and its subsidiaries and the directors of UNIT at a price of $1,000 per Unit. Subscriptions shall be for not less than 2 Units ($2,000). The Partnership is being formed for the purpose of conducting oil and gas drilling and development operations. Purchasers of the Units will become Limited Partners in the Partnership. Unit Petroleum Company (“UPC” or the “General Partner”) will serve as General Partner of the Partnership. UPC’s address is 7130 South Lewis Avenue, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136, and telephone (918) 493-7700.

THE RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE GENERAL PARTNER

AND THE LIMITED PARTNERS ARE GOVERNED BY THE

AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP (THE “AGREEMENT”),

A COPY OF WHICH ACCOMPANIES THIS MEMORANDUM AND IS

INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE

AN INVESTMENT IN THE UNITS IS SPECULATIVE AND INVOLVES

A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE “RISK FACTORS.” CERTAIN

SIGNIFICANT RISKS INCLUDE:

 

   

Drilling to establish productive oil and natural gas properties is inherently speculative.

 

   

Participants will rely solely on the management capability and expertise of the General Partner.

 

   

Limited Partners must assume the risks of an illiquid investment.

 

   

Investment in the Units is suitable only for investors having sufficient financial resources and who desire a long-term investment.

 

   

Conflicts of interest exist and additional conflicts of interest may arise between the General Partner and the Limited Partners, and there are no pre-determined procedures for resolving any such conflicts.

 

   

Significant tax considerations to be considered by an investor include:

 

   

possible audit of income tax returns of the Partnership and/or the Limited Partners and adjustment to their reported tax liabilities;

 

   

a Limited Partner will not benefit from his or her share of Partnership deductions in excess of his or her share of Partnership income unless he or she has passive income from other activities; and

 

ii


   

the amount of any cash distribution which a Limited Partner may receive from the Partnership could be insufficient to pay the tax liability incurred by such Limited Partner with respect to income or gain allocated to such Limited Partner by the Partnership.

 

   

There can be no assurance that the Partnership will have adequate funds to provide cash distributions to the Limited Partners. The amount and timing of any such distributions will be within the complete discretion of the General Partner.

 

   

Certain provisions in the Agreement modify what would otherwise be the applicable Oklahoma law as to the fiduciary standards for general partners in limited partnerships. Those standards in the Agreement could be less advantageous to the Limited Partners than the corresponding fiduciary standards otherwise applicable under Oklahoma law. The purchase of Units may be deemed as consent to the fiduciary standards set forth in the Agreement.

 

 

EXCEPT AS STATED UNDER “ADDITIONAL INFORMATION,” NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS OTHER THAN THOSE CONTAINED IN THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM IN CONNECTION WITH THIS OFFERING AND SUCH REPRESENTATIONS, IF ANY, MAY NOT BE RELIED ON. THE INFORMATION CONTAINED IN THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM IS AS OF THE DATE OF THIS MEMORANDUM UNLESS ANOTHER DATE IS SPECIFIED.

 

 

PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE NOT TO CONSTRUE THE CONTENTS OF THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM AS LEGAL, BUSINESS, OR TAX ADVICE. EACH INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT HIS OR HER OWN ATTORNEY, BUSINESS ADVISOR AND TAX ADVISOR AS TO LEGAL, BUSINESS, TAX AND RELATED MATTERS CONCERNING HIS OR HER INVESTMENT. PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS ARE URGED TO REQUEST ANY ADDITIONAL INFORMATION THEY MAY CONSIDER NECESSARY TO MAKE AN INFORMED INVESTMENT DECISION.

 

 

THE SECURITIES OFFERED BY THIS MEMORANDUM HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION, THE OKLAHOMA SECURITIES COMMISSION OR BY THE SECURITIES REGULATORY AUTHORITY OF ANY OTHER STATE, NOR HAS ANY COMMISSION OR AUTHORITY PASSED ON OR ENDORSED THE MERITS OF THIS OFFERING OR THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PRIVATE OFFERING MEMORANDUM. ANY REPRESENTATION CONTRARY TO THE FOREGOING IS UNLAWFUL.

 

 

THESE UNITS ARE BEING OFFERED SUBJECT TO PRIOR SALE, TO WITHDRAWAL, CANCELLATION OR MODIFICATION OF THE OFFER WITHOUT NOTICE AND TO THE FURTHER CONDITIONS SET FORTH HEREIN.

 

iii


ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Each prospective investor, or his or her qualified representative named in writing, has the opportunity (1) to obtain additional information necessary to verify the accuracy of the information supplied herewith or hereafter, and (2) to ask questions and receive answers concerning the terms and conditions of the offering. If you desire to avail yourself of the opportunity, please contact:

Mark E. Schell

Senior Vice President and General Counsel

Unit Petroleum Company

7130 South Lewis Avenue, Suite 1000

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136

(918) 493-7700

The following documents and instruments are available to qualified offerees on written request:

 

1. Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws of UNIT.

 

2. Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws of Unit Petroleum Company.

 

3. UNIT’s Employees’ Thrift Plan.

 

4. Restated Unit Corporation Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan and related prospectuses covering shares of Common Stock issuable on exercise of outstanding options.

 

5. UNIT’s 2002 Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan.

 

6. The Credit Agreement and the notes payable of UNIT.

 

7. All periodic reports on Forms 10-K, 10-Q and 8-K and all proxy materials filed by or on behalf of UNIT with the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, during calendar year 2007, the annual report to shareholders and all quarterly reports to shareholders submitted by UNIT to its shareholders during calendar year 2007.

 

8. Unit’s current Registration Statements on Form S-3 and all supplemental prospectuses filed with the SEC under Rule 424.

 

9. The agreements of limited partnership for the prior oil and gas drilling programs and prior employee programs of UPC, UNIT and Unit Drilling and Exploration Company ( “UDEC” ).

 

10. All periodic reports filed with the SEC and all reports and information provided to limited partners in all limited partnerships of which UPC, UNIT or UDEC now serves or has served in the past as a general partner.

 

11. The agreement of limited partnership for the Unit 1986 Energy Income Limited Partnership.

 

iv


SUMMARY OF CONTENTS

 

         Page

SUMMARY OF PROGRAM

   1
 

Terms of the Offering

   1
 

Risk Factors

   2
 

Additional Financing

   3
 

Proposed Activities

   4
 

Application of Proceeds

   4
 

Participation in Costs and Revenues

   5
 

Compensation

   5
 

Federal Income Tax Considerations; Opinion of Counsel

   5

RISK FACTORS

   6
 

INVESTMENT RISKS

   6
 

TAX STATUS AND TAX RISKS

   11
 

OPERATIONAL RISKS

   12

TERMS OF THE OFFERING

   14
 

General

   14
 

Limited Partnership Interests

   14
 

Subscription Rights

   15
 

Payment for Units; Delinquent Installment

   15
 

Right of Presentment

   16
 

Rollup or Consolidation of Partnership

   17

ADDITIONAL FINANCING

   18
 

Additional Assessments

   18
 

Prior Programs

   18
 

Partnership Borrowings

   18

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

   19
 

Suitability of Investors

   19

RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTNERSHIP, THE GENERAL PARTNER AND AFFILIATES

   20

PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

   20
 

General

   20
 

Partnership Objectives

   22
 

Areas of Interest

   23
 

Transfer of Properties

   23
 

Record Title to Partnership Properties

   23
 

Marketing of Reserves

   23
 

Conduct of Operations

   24

APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS

   24

PARTICIPATION IN COSTS AND REVENUES

   25

COMPENSATION

   26
 

Supervision of Operations

   26
 

Purchase of Equipment and Provision of Services

   27
 

Prior Programs

   27

MANAGEMENT

   29
 

The General Partner

   29
 

Officers, Directors and Key Employees

   29
 

Prior Employee Programs

   32
 

Ownership of Common Stock

   33
 

Interest of Management in Certain Transactions

   34

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

   34
 

Acquisition of Properties and Drilling Operations

   35
 

Participation in UNIT’s Drilling or Income Programs

   36
 

Transfer of Properties

   36
 

Partnership Assets

   37
 

Transactions with the General Partner or Affiliates

   37
 

Right of Presentment Price Determination

   37
 

Receipt of Compensation Regardless of Profitability

   37
 

Legal Counsel

   37

FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY

   38
 

General

   38

 

v


  Liability and Indemnification    38
PRIOR ACTIVITIES    39
  Prior Employee Programs    41
  Results of the Prior Oil and Gas Programs    42
FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS    50
  Summary of Conclusions    51
  General Tax Effects of Partnership Structure    53
  Ownership of Partnership Properties    53
  Intangible Drilling and Development Costs Deductions    54
  Depletion Deductions    54
  Production Activities Deduction    55
  Depreciation Deductions    55
  Transaction Fees    55
  Basis and At Risk Limitations    56
  Passive Loss Limitations    56
  Gain or Loss on Sale of Property or Units    57
  Partnership Distributions    57
  Partnership Allocations    58
  Administrative Matters    58
  Accounting Methods and Periods    59
  State and Local Taxes    59
COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION    59
  Marketing of Production    59
  Regulation of Partnership Operations    60
  Natural Gas Price Regulation    60
  Oil Price Regulation    61
  State Regulation of Oil and Gas Production    61
  Legislative and Regulatory Production and Pricing Proposals    61
  Production and Environmental Regulation    62
SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT    62
  Partnership Distributions    62
  Deposit and Use of Funds    63
  Power and Authority    63
  Rollup or Consolidation of the Partnership    64
  Limited Liability    64
  Records, Reports and Returns    65
  Transferability of Interests    65
  Amendments    66
  Voting Rights    66
  Exculpation and Indemnification of the General Partner    67
  Termination    67
  Insurance    68
COUNSEL    68
GLOSSARY    68
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS    72
EXHIBIT A - AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP   
EXHIBIT B - LEGAL OPINION   

 

vi


SUMMARY OF PROGRAM

This summary is not a complete description of the terms and consequences of an investment in the Partnership and is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information appearing throughout this Private Offering Memorandum (this “Memorandum” ). For definitions of certain terms used in this Memorandum, see “GLOSSARY.”

Terms of the Offering

Limited Partnership Interests . Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, a proposed Oklahoma limited partnership (the “Partnership” ), offers 900 preformation units of limited partnership interest ( “Units” ) in the Partnership. The offer is made only to certain employees of Unit Corporation ( “UNIT” ) and its subsidiaries and directors of UNIT (see “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Subscription Rights”). Unless the context otherwise requires, all references in this Memorandum to UNIT shall include all or any of its subsidiaries. Unit Petroleum Company ( “UPC” or the “General Partner” ), a wholly owned subsidiary of UNIT, will serve as General Partner of the Partnership.

To invest in the Units, the Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement (the “Subscription Agreement” ) (see Attachment I to Exhibit A to this Memorandum) must be signed and forwarded to the offices of the General Partner at its address listed on the cover of this Memorandum. The Subscription Agreement must be received by the General Partner not later than 5:00 P.M. Central Standard Time on January 18, 2008 (extendable by the General Partner for up to 30 days). Subscription Agreements may be delivered to the office of the General Partner. No payment is required on delivery of the Subscription Agreement. Payment for the Units will be made either (i) in four equal Installments, the first Installment being due on March 15, 2008 and the remaining three Installments being due on June 15, September 15, and December 15, 2008, respectively, or (ii) through equal deductions from 2008 salary commencing immediately after formation of the Partnership.

The purchase price of each Unit is $1,000, and the minimum permissible purchase is two Units ($2,000) for each subscriber. Additional Assessments of up to $100 per Unit may be required (see “ADDITIONAL FINANCING — Additional Assessments”). Maximum purchases by employees (other than directors) will be for an amount equal to one-half of their base salaries for calendar year 2007; provided, however, that the General Partner may, at its discretion, accept subscriptions for greater amounts. Each member of the Board of Directors of UNIT may subscribe for up to 300 Units ($300,000). The Partnership must sell at least 50 Units ($50,000) before the Partnership will be formed. No Units will be offered for sale after the Effective Date (see “GLOSSARY”) except on compliance with the provisions of Article XIII of the Agreement. The General Partner may, at its option, purchase Units as a Limited Partner, including any amount that may be necessary to meet the minimum number of Units required for formation of the Partnership. The Partnership will terminate on December 31, 2038, unless it is terminated earlier under the provisions of the Agreement or by operation of law. See “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Limited Partnership Interests”; “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Subscription Rights”; and “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Termination.”

The offering will be made privately by the officers and directors of UPC or UNIT, except that in states which require participation by a registered broker-dealer in the offer and sale of securities, the Units will be offered through such broker-dealer as may be selected by the General Partner. Any participating broker-dealer may be reimbursed for actual out-of-pocket expenses. Such reimbursements will be borne by the General Partner.

Subscription Rights . Only salaried employees of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries whose annual base salaries for 2007 has been set at $36,000 or more and directors of UNIT are eligible to subscribe for Units. Employees may not purchase Units for an amount in excess of one-half of their base salaries for calendar year 2007; provided, however, that the General Partner may, at its discretion, accept a subscription for a greater amount. Directors’ subscriptions may not be for more than 300 Units ($300,000). Only employees and directors who are U.S. citizens are eligible to participate in the offering. In addition, employees and directors must be able to bear the economic risks of an investment in the Partnership and must have sufficient investment experience and expertise to evaluate the risks and merits of such an investment. See “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Subscription Rights.”

 

1


Right of Presentment . After December 31, 2009, the Limited Partners will have the right to present their Units to the General Partner for purchase. The General Partner will not be obligated to purchase more than 20% of the then outstanding Units in any one calendar year. The purchase price to be paid for the Units will be determined by a specific valuation formula. See “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Right of Presentment” for a description of the valuation formula and a discussion of the manner in which the right of presentment may be exercised by the Limited Partners.

Risk Factors

An investment in the Partnership has many risks. The “RISK FACTORS” section of this Memorandum contains a detailed discussion of the most important risks, organized into Investment Risks (the risks related to the Partnership’s investment in oil and gas properties and drilling activities, to an investment in the Partnership and to the provisions of the Agreement); Tax Risks (the risks arising from the tax laws as they apply to the Partnership and its investment in oil and gas properties and drilling activities); and Operational Risks (the risks involved in conducting oil and gas operations). The following are certain of the risks which are more fully described under “RISK FACTORS”. Each prospective investor should review the “RISK FACTORS” section carefully before deciding to subscribe for Units.

Investment Risks:

 

   

Future oil and natural gas prices are unpredictable. Partnership’s distributions, if any, to the Limited Partners will be adversely affected by declines in oil and natural gas prices.

 

   

Due to substantial increases in the prices for crude oil and natural gas production recently experienced, the demand for oil and gas leaseholds, services of drilling rigs, drilling supplies, and producing oil and gas properties has increased substantially. This increased demand has resulted in substantial increases in the costs of these various items. These increased costs increase the risks of achieving profitable operations, particularly if oil and natural gas prices decline or, in some cases, don’t increase materially.

 

   

The General Partner is authorized under the Agreement to cause, in its sole discretion, the sale or transfer of the Partnership’s assets to, or the merger or consolidation of the Partnership with, another partnership, corporation or other business entity. Such action could have a material impact on the nature of the investment of all Limited Partners.

 

   

Except for certain transfers to the General Partner and other restricted transfers, the Agreement prohibits a Limited Partner from transferring Units. Thus, except for the limited right of the Limited Partners after December 31, 2009 to present their Units to the General Partner for purchase, Limited Partners will not be able to liquidate their investments.

 

   

The Partnership could be formed with as little as $50,000 in Capital Contributions (excluding the Capital Contributions of the General Partner). As the total amount of Capital Contributions to the Partnership will determine the number and diversification of Partnership Properties, the ability of the Partnership to pursue its investment objectives may be restricted in the event that the Partnership receives only the minimum amount of Capital Contributions.

 

   

The drilling and completion operations to be undertaken by the Partnership for the development of oil and natural gas reserves involve the possibility of a total loss of an investment in the Partnership.

 

   

The General Partner will have the exclusive management and control of all aspects of the business of the Partnership. The Limited Partners will have no opportunity to participate in the management and control of any aspect of the Partnership’s activities. Accordingly, the Limited Partners will be entirely dependent on the management skills and expertise of the General Partner.

 

2


   

Conflicts of interest exist and additional conflicts of interest may arise between the General Partner and the Limited Partners, and there are no pre-determined procedures for resolving any conflicts. Accordingly the General Partner could cause the Partnership to take actions to the benefit of the General Partner but not to the benefit of the Limited Partners.

 

   

Certain provisions in the Agreement modify what would otherwise be the applicable Oklahoma law as to the fiduciary standards for a general partner in a limited partnership. The fiduciary standards in the Agreement could be less advantageous to the Limited Partners and more advantageous to the General Partner than corresponding fiduciary standards otherwise applicable under Oklahoma law. The purchase of Units may be deemed as consent to the fiduciary standards set forth in the Agreement.

 

   

There can be no assurances that the Partnership will have adequate funds to provide cash distributions to the Limited Partners. The amount and timing of any such distributions will be within the complete discretion of the General Partner.

 

   

The amount of any cash distributions which Limited Partners may receive from the Partnership could be insufficient to pay the tax liability incurred by such Limited Partners with respect to income or gain allocated to such Limited Partners by the Partnership.

Tax Risks:

 

   

Tax laws and regulations applicable to partnership investments may change at any time and these changes may be applied retroactively.

 

   

Certain allocations of income, gain, loss and deduction between the Partners may be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (the “Service” ). A successful challenge would likely result in a Limited Partner having to report additional taxable income or being denied a deduction.

 

   

It is anticipated that a Limited Partner will be allocated deductions in excess of his or share of Partnership income for the first year(s) of the Partnership. Unless a Limited Partner has substantial current taxable income from trade or business activities in which the Limited Partner does not materially participate, his or her use of deductions allocated from the Partnership may be limited.

 

   

Federal income tax payable by a Limited Partner by reason of his or her allocated share of Partnership income for any year may exceed the Partnership distributions to that Limited Partner for the year.

Operational Risks:

 

   

The search for oil and gas is highly speculative and the drilling activities conducted by the Partnership may result in wells that may be dry or wells that do not produce sufficient oil and gas to produce a profit or result in a return of the Limited Partners’ investment.

 

   

Certain hazards are encountered in drilling wells some of which could lead to substantial liabilities to third parties or governmental entities. Also, governmental regulations or new laws relating to environmental matters could increase Partnership costs, delay or prevent drilling a well, require the Partnership to cease operations in certain areas or expose the Partnership to significant liabilities for violations of laws and regulations.

Additional Financing

Additional Assessments . After the Aggregate Subscription has been fully expended or committed and the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, the General Partner may make one or more calls for Additional Assessments if additional funds are required to pay the Limited Partners’ share of Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs. The maximum amount of total Additional Assessments which may be called for by the General Partner is $100 per Unit. See “ADDITIONAL FINANCING — Additional Assessments.”

 

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Partnership Borrowings . After the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been expended, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to borrow funds required to pay Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Productive properties. The General Partner may also, but is not required to, advance funds to the Partnership to pay those costs. See “ADDITIONAL FINANCING — Partnership Borrowings.”

Proposed Activities

General . The Partnership is being formed for the purposes of conducting oil and gas drilling and development operations and acquiring producing oil and gas properties. The Partnership will, with certain limited exceptions, participate on a proportionate basis with UPC in each producing oil and gas lease acquired and in each oil and gas well participated in by UPC for its own account during the period from January 1, 2008, if the Partnership is formed before that date or from the date of the formation of the Partnership if formed after January 1, 2008, until December 31, 2008, and will, with certain limited exceptions, serve as a co-general partner with UPC in any drilling or income programs which may be formed by the General Partner in 2008. See “PROPOSED ACTIVITIES.”

Partnership Objectives . The Partnership is being formed to provide eligible employees and directors the opportunity to participate in the oil and gas exploration and producing property acquisition activities of UPC during 2008. UNIT hopes that participation in the Partnership will provide the participants with greater proprietary interests in UPC’s operations and the potential for realizing a more direct benefit in the event these operations prove to be profitable. The Partnership has been structured to achieve the objective of providing the Limited Partners with essentially the same economic returns that UPC realizes from the wells drilled or acquired during 2008.

Application of Proceeds

The offering proceeds will be used to pay the Leasehold Acquisition Costs incurred by the Partnership to acquire those producing oil and gas leases in which the Partnership participates and the Leasehold Acquisition Costs, exploration, drilling and development costs incurred by the Partnership under the drilling activities in which the Partnership participates. The General Partner estimates (based on historical operating experience) that those costs will be expended as shown below based on the assumption of a maximum number of subscriptions in the first column and a minimum number of subscriptions in the second column:

 

     $900,000
Program
   $50,000
Program

Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Properties to Be Drilled

   $ 45,000    $ 2,500

Drilling Costs of Exploratory Wells (1)

     45,000      2,500

Drilling Costs of Development Wells (1)

     630,000      35,000

Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Productive Properties

     180,000      10,000

Reimbursement of General Partner’s Overhead Costs (2)

     —        —  
             

Total

   $ 900,000    $ 50,000

 

(1) See “GLOSSARY.”

 

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(2) The Agreement provides that the General Partner will be reimbursed by the Partnership for that part of its general and administrative overhead expense attributable to the conduct of Partnership business and affairs but that any reimbursement will be made only out of Partnership Revenue. See “COMPENSATION.”

Participation in Costs and Revenues

Partnership costs, expenses and revenues will be allocated among the Partners in the following percentages:

 

COSTS AND EXPENSES

   General
Partner
    Limited
Partners
 

Organizational and offering costs of the Partnership and any drilling or income programs in which the Partnership participates as a co-general partner

   100 %   0 %

All other Partnership costs and expenses

    

Prior to time Limited Partner Capital Contributions are entirely expended

   1 %   99 %

After expenditure of Limited Partner Capital Contributions and until expenditure of General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution

   100 %   0 %

After expenditure of General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution

   General Partner’s

Percentage (1)

 

 

  Limited Partners’

Percentage (1)

 

 

REVENUES

   General Partner’s

Percentage (1)

 

 

  Limited Partners’

Percentage (1)

 

 

 

(1) See “GLOSSARY.”

Compensation

The General Partner will not receive any management fees in connection with the operation of the Partnership. The Partnership will reimburse the General Partner for that portion of its general and administrative overhead expense attributable to its conduct of Partnership business and affairs. See “COMPENSATION.”

Federal Income Tax Considerations; Opinion of Counsel

The General Partner has received an opinion from its tax counsel, Conner & Winters, LLP (“Conner & Winters”), concerning all material federal income tax issues applicable to an investment in the Partnership. To be fully understood, the complete discussion of these matters set forth in the full tax opinion in Exhibit B should be read by each prospective investor. Based on current laws, regulations, interpretations, and court decisions, Conner & Winters has rendered its opinion that (i) the material federal income tax benefits in the aggregate from an investment in the Partnership will be realized; (ii) the Partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and not as a corporation, an association taxable as a corporation or a publicly traded partnership; (iii) to the extent the Partnership’s wells are timely drilled and its drilling costs are timely paid, then subject to the limitations on deductions discussed in such opinion, the Partners will be entitled to their pro rata shares of the Partnership’s intangible drilling and development costs (“IDC”) paid in 2008; (iv) for most Limited Partners, the Partnership’s operations will be considered a passive activity within the meaning of Section 469 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), and losses generated therefrom will be limited by the passive activity provisions of the Code; and (v) to the extent provided in the opinion, the Partners’ distributive shares of Partnership tax items will be determined and allocated substantially in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement.

 

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Due to the lack of authority regarding, or the essentially factual nature of certain issues, Conner & Winters expresses no opinion on the following: (i) the impact of an investment in the Partnership on an investor’s alternative minimum tax liability; (ii) whether any interest incurred by a Partner with respect to any borrowings incurred to purchase Units will be deductible or subject to limitations on deductibility; and (iii) whether the Partnership will be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the General Partner as nominee for the Partnership.

The opinion of Conner & Winters was not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed by the Service. The opinion of Conner & Winters was written to support the promotion or marketing of Units in the Partnership. Prospective investors should seek advice based on their particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.

THIS MEMORANDUM CONTAINS AN EXPLANATION OF THE MORE SIGNIFICANT TERMS AND PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP WHICH IS ATTACHED AS EXHIBIT A. THE SUMMARY OF THE AGREEMENT CONTAINED IN THIS MEMORANDUM IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY SUCH REFERENCE AND ACCORDINGLY THE AGREEMENT SHOULD BE CAREFULLY REVIEWED AND CONSIDERED.

RISK FACTORS

Prospective purchasers of Units should carefully study the information contained in this Memorandum and should make their own evaluations of the probability for the discovery of oil and natural gas through exploration.

INVESTMENT RISKS

Financial Risks of Drilling Operations

The Partnership will participate with the General Partner (including, with certain limited exceptions, other drilling programs sponsored by it) and, in many cases, other parties ( “joint interest parties” ) in connection with drilling operations conducted on properties in which the Partnership has an interest. It is not anticipated that most, if any, of these drilling operations will be conducted under turnkey drilling contracts and, thus, all of the parties participating in the drilling operations on a particular property, including the Partnership, will be fully liable for their proportionate share of all the costs of those operations even if the actual costs are much more than the original cost estimates. Further, if any joint interest party fails to pay its share of the costs, the other joint interest parties may be required to pay the deficiency until, if ever, it can be collected from the defaulting party. As a result of forced pooling or similar proceedings (see “COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION”), the Partnership may acquire a larger ownership interest in certain Partnership Properties than originally anticipated and, thus, be required to bear a greater share of the costs of operations. Because of the foregoing, the Partnership could become liable for amounts significantly more than the amounts originally anticipated to be spent in connection with its operations and would have only limited means for providing the additional needed funds (see “ADDITIONAL FINANCING”). Also, a company that operates a Partnership Well does not or cannot pay the costs and expenses of drilling or operating the well, the Partnership’s interest in that well may become subject to liens and claims of creditors who supplied services or materials in connection with such operations even though the Partnership may have previously paid its share of such costs and expenses to the operator. If the operator is unable or unwilling to pay the amount due, the Partnership might have to pay its share of the amounts owing to such creditors in order to preserve its interest in the well which would mean that it would, in effect, be paying for certain of such costs and expenses twice.

Dependence on General Partner

The Limited Partners will acquire interests in the Partnership, not in the General Partner or UNIT. Limited Partners will not participate in either increases or decreases in the General Partner’s or UNIT’s net worth or the value of either’s common stock. Nevertheless, because the General Partner is primarily responsible for the proper

 

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conduct of the Partnership’s business and affairs and is obligated to provide certain funds that will be required in connection with the Partnership’s operations, a significant reversal of the General Partners or UNIT’s finances could have an adverse effect on the Partnership and the Limited Partners’ interests in the Partnership.

Under the Agreement, UPC is designated as the General Partner of the Partnership and is given the exclusive authority to manage and operate the Partnership’s business. See “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Power and Authority”. Accordingly, Limited Partners must rely solely on the General Partner to make all decisions on behalf of the Partnership, since the Limited Partners will have no role in the management of the business of the Partnership.

The Partnership’s success will depend, in part, on the management provided by the General Partner, the ability of the General Partner to select and acquire oil and gas properties on which Partnership Wells capable of producing oil and natural gas in commercial quantities may be drilled, to fund the acquisition of revenue producing properties, and to market oil and natural gas produced from Partnership Wells.

Conflicts of Interest

Certain of UNIT’s subsidiaries have engaged in oil and gas exploration and development and in the acquisition of producing properties for their own account and as the sponsors of drilling and income programs formed with third party investors. It is anticipated that those subsidiaries will continue to engage in those activities. However, with certain exceptions, it is likely that the Partnership will participate as a working interest owner in all producing oil and gas leases acquired and in all oil and gas wells participated in by the General Partner for its own account during the period from January 1, 2008 (if the Partnership is formed before that date) or from the date of the formation of the Partnership, if after January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2008 and, with certain limited exceptions, will be a co-general partner of any drilling or income programs, or both, formed by the General Partner or UNIT in 2008. The General Partner will determine which prospects will be acquired or drilled. With respect to prospects to be drilled, certain of the wells which are drilled for the separate account of the Partnership and the General Partner may be drilled on prospects on which initial drilling operations were conducted by the General Partner before the formation of the Partnership. Further, certain Partnership Wells will be drilled on prospects on which the General Partner and possibly future employee programs may conduct additional drilling operations in years after 2008. Except with respect to its participation as a co-general partner of any drilling or income program sponsored by the General Partner or UNIT, the Partnership will have an interest only in those wells started in 2008 and will have no rights in production from wells started in years other than 2008. Likewise, if additional interests are acquired in wells participated in by the Partnership after 2008, the Partnership will generally not be entitled to share in the acquisition of that additional interests. See “CONFLICTS OF INTEREST — Acquisition of Properties and Drilling Operations.”

The Partnership may enter into contracts for the drilling of some or all of the Partnership Wells with affiliates of the General Partner. Likewise the Partnership may sell or market some or all of its natural gas production to an affiliate of the General Partner. These contracts may not necessarily be negotiated on an arm’s—length basis. The General Partner is subject to a conflict of interest in selecting an affiliate of the General Partner to drill the Partnership Wells and/or market the natural gas therefrom. The compensation under these contracts will be determined at the time each contract is made. The costs to be paid or the sale price to be received under each contract will be competitive with the costs charged or the prices paid by unaffiliated parties in the same general geographic region. The General Partner will make the determination of what are competitive rates or prices. No provision has been made for an independent review of the fairness and reasonableness of such compensation. See “CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS — Transactions with the General Partner or Affiliates.”

Prohibition on Transferability; Lack of Liquidity

Except for certain transfers (i) to the General Partner, (ii) to or for the benefit of the transferor Limited Partner or members of his or her immediate family sharing the same residence, and (iii) by reason of death or operation of law, a Limited Partner may not transfer or assign Units. The General Partner has agreed, that it will, if requested at any time after December 31, 2009, buy Units for prices determined either by an independent petroleum engineering firm or the General Partner using the formula described under “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Right of Presentment.” The General Partner’s obligation to purchase Units is limited and does not assure the liquidity of a Limited Partner’s investment, and the price received may be less than if the Limited Partner

 

7


continued to hold his or her Units. In addition, similar commitments by the General Partner have been made (and may hereafter be made) to investors in other oil and gas drilling, income and employee programs. There can be no assurance that the General Partner will have the financial resources to honor its repurchase commitments. See “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Right of Presentment.”

Delay of Cash Distributions

For income tax purposes, a Limited Partner must report his or her distributive (allocated) share of the income, gains, losses and deductions of the Partnership whether or not cash distributions are made. No cash distributions are expected to be made earlier than the first quarter of 2009. In addition, to the extent that the Partnership uses its revenues to repay borrowings or to finance its activities (see “ADDITIONAL FINANCING”), the funds available for cash distributions by the Partnership will be reduced or may be unavailable. It is possible that the amount of tax payable by a Limited Partner on his or her distributive share of the income of the Partnership will exceed his or her cash distributions from the Partnership. See “FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS.”

If and the date any distributions commence and their subsequent timing or amount cannot be accurately predicted. The decision as to whether or not the Partnership will make a cash distribution at any particular time will be made solely by the General Partner.

Limitations on Voting and Other Rights of Limited Partners

The Agreement, as permitted under the Oklahoma Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (the “Act” ), eliminates or limits the rights of the Limited Partners to take certain actions, such as:

 

 

withdrawing from the Partnership,

 

 

transferring Units without restrictions, or

 

 

consenting to or voting on certain matters such as:

 

  (i) admitting a new General Partner,

 

  (ii) admitting Substituted Limited Partners, and

 

  (iii) dissolving the Partnership.

Furthermore, the Agreement imposes restrictions on the exercise of voting rights granted to Limited Partners. See “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Voting Rights.” Without the provisions to the contrary which are contained in the Agreement, the Act provides that certain actions can be taken only with the consent of all Limited Partners. Those provisions of the Agreement which provide for or require the vote of the Limited Partners, generally permit the approval of a proposal by the vote of Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units. See “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Voting Rights.” Thus, Limited Partners who do not agree with or do not wish to be subject to the proposed action may nevertheless become subject to the action if the required majority approval is obtained. Notwithstanding the rights granted to Limited Partners under the Agreement and the Act, the General Partner retains substantial discretion as to the operation of the Partnership.

Rollup or Consolidation of Partnership

Under the terms of the Agreement, at any time two years or more after the Partnership has completed substantially all of its property acquisition, drilling and development operations, the General Partner is authorized to cause the Partnership to transfer its assets to, or to merge or consolidate with, another partnership or a corporation or other entity for the purpose of combining the oil and gas properties and other assets of the Partnership with those of other partnerships formed for investment or participation by the employees, directors and/or consultants of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries. Such transfer or combination may be effected without the vote, approval or consent of the Limited Partners. In such event, the Limited Partners will receive interests in the transferee or resulting entity which will mean that they will most likely participate in the results of a larger number of properties but will have proportionately smaller allocable interests therein. Any such transaction is required to be effected in a manner

 

8


which UNIT and the General Partner believe is fair and equitable to the Limited Partners but there can be no assurance that such transaction will in fact be in the best interests of the Limited Partners. Limited Partners have no dissenters’ or appraisal rights under the terms of the Agreement or the Act. Such a transaction would result in the termination and dissolution of the Partnership. While there can be no assurance that the Partnership will participate in such a transaction, the General Partner currently anticipates that the Partnership will, at the appropriate time, be involved in such a transaction. See “TERMS OF OFFERING,” and “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT.”

Partnership Borrowings

The General Partner has the authority to cause the Partnership to borrow funds to pay certain costs of the Partnership. While the use of financing to preserve the Partnership’s equity in oil and gas properties will be intended to increase the Partnership’s profits, such financing could have the effect of increasing the Partnership’s losses if the Partnership is unsuccessful. In addition, the Partnership may have to mortgage its oil and gas properties and other assets in order to obtain additional financing. If the Partnership defaults on such indebtedness, the lender may foreclose and the Partnership could lose its investment in such oil and gas properties and other assets. See “ADDITIONAL FINANCING — Partnership Borrowings.”

Limited Liability

Under the Act a Limited Partner’s liability for the obligations of the Partnership is limited to such Limited Partner’s Capital Contribution and such Limited Partner’s share of Partnership assets. In addition, if a Limited Partner receives a return of any part of his or her Capital Contribution, such Limited Partner is generally liable to the Partnership for a period of one year thereafter (or six years in the event such return is in violation of the Agreement) for the amount of the returned contribution. A Limited Partner will not otherwise be liable for the obligations of the Partnership unless, in addition to the exercise of his or her rights and powers as a Limited Partner, such Limited Partner participates in the control of the business of the Partnership.

The Agreement provides that by a vote of a majority in interest, the Limited Partners may effect certain changes in the Partnership such as termination and dissolution of the Partnership and amendment of the Agreement. The exercise of any of these and certain other rights is conditioned on receipt of an opinion by Conner & Winters for the Limited Partners or an order or judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction to the effect that the exercise of such rights will not result in the loss of the limited liability of the Limited Partners or cause the Partnership to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation (see “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Amendments” and “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Termination”). As a result of certain judicial opinions it is not clear that these rights will ever be available to the Limited Partners. Nevertheless, in spite of the receipt of any such opinion or judicial order, it is still possible that the exercise of any such rights by the Limited Partners may result in the loss of the Limited Partners’ limited liability. The Partnership will be governed by the Act. The Act expressly permits limited partners to vote on certain specified partnership matters without being deemed to be participating in the control of the Partnership’s business and, thus, should result in greater certainty and more easily obtainable opinions of Conner & Winters regarding the exercise of most of the Limited Partners’ rights.

If the Partnership is dissolved and its business is not to be continued, the Partnership will be wound up. In connection with the winding up of the Partnership, all of its properties may be sold and the proceeds thereof credited to the accounts of the Partners. Properties not sold will, on termination of the Partnership, be distributed to the Partners. The distribution of Partnership Properties to the Limited Partners would result in their having unlimited liability with respect to such properties. See “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Limited Liability.”

Partnership Acting as Co-General Partner

It is anticipated that the Partnership will serve as a co-general partner in any drilling or income programs formed by the General Partner or UNIT during 2008. See “PROPOSED ACTIVITIES.” Accordingly, the Partnership generally will be liable for the obligation and recourse liabilities of any such drilling or income program formed. While a Limited Partner’s liability for such claims will be limited to such Limited Partners Capital Contribution and share of Partnership assets, such claims if satisfied from the Partnership’s assets could adversely affect the operations of the Partnership.

 

9


Past-Due Installments; Acceleration; Additional Assessments

Installments and Additional Assessments (see “ADDITIONAL FINANCING”) are legally binding obligations and past-due amounts will bear interest at the rate set forth in the Agreement; provided, however, that if the General Partner determines that the total Aggregate Subscription is not required to fund the Partnership’s business and operations, then the General Partner may, at its sole option, elect to release the Limited Partners from their obligation to pay one or more Installments and amend any relevant Partnership documents accordingly. It is anticipated that the total Aggregate Subscription will be required to fund the Partnership’s business and operations. In the event an Installment is not paid when due and the General Partner has not released the Limited Partners from their obligation to pay such Installment, then the General Partner may, at its sole option, purchase all Units of the director or employee who fails to pay such Installment, at a price equal to the amount of the prior Installments paid by such person. The General Partner may also bring legal proceedings to collect any unpaid Installments not waived by it or Additional Assessments. In addition, as indicated under “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Payment for Units; Delinquent Installment,” if an employee’s employment with or position as a director of the General Partner, UNIT or any affiliate thereof is terminated other than by reason of Normal Retirement (see “GLOSSARY”), death or disability prior to the time the full amount of the subscription price for his or her Units has been paid, all unpaid Installments not waived by the General Partner as described above will become due and payable on such termination.

Partnership Funds

Except for Capital Contributions, Partnership funds are expected to be commingled with funds of the General Partner or UNIT. Thus, Partnership funds could become subject to the claims of creditors of the General Partner or UNIT. The General Partner believes that its assets and net worth are such that the risk of loss to the Partnership by virtue of such fact is minimal but there can be no assurance that the Partnership will not suffer losses of its funds to creditors of the General Partner or UNIT.

Compliance with Federal and State Securities Laws

This offering has not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance on exemptions from the registration provisions of that act. Further, these interests are being sold pursuant to exemptions from registration in the various states in which they are being offered and may be subject to additional restrictions in such jurisdictions on transfer. There is no assurance that the offering presently qualifies or will continue to qualify under such exemptions due to, among other things, the adequacy of disclosure and the manner of distribution of the offering, the existence of similar offerings conducted by the General Partner or UNIT or its affiliates in the past or in the future, a failure or delay in providing notices or other required filings, the conduct of other oil and gas activities by the General Partner or UNIT and its affiliates or the change of any securities laws or regulations.

If and to the extent suits for rescission are brought and successfully concluded for failure to register this offering or other offerings under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or state securities acts, or for acts or omissions constituting certain prohibited practices under any of said acts, both the capital and assets of the General Partner and the Partnership could be adversely affected, thus jeopardizing the ability of the Partnership to operate successfully. Further, the time and capital of the General Partner could be expended in defending an action by investors or by state or federal authorities even where the Partnership and the General Partner are ultimately exonerated.

Title to Properties

The Partnership Agreement empowers the General Partner, UNIT or any of their affiliates, to hold title to the Partnership Properties for the benefit of the Partnership. As such it is possible that the Partnership Properties could be subject to the claims of creditors of the General Partner. The General Partner is of the opinion that the likelihood of the occurrence of such claims is remote. However, the Partnership Property could be subject to claims and litigation in the event that the General Partner failed to pay its debts or became subject to the claims of creditors.

 

10


Use of Partnership Funds to Exculpate and Indemnify the General Partner

The Agreement contains certain provisions which are intended to limit the liability of the General Partner and its affiliates for certain acts or omissions within the scope of the authority conferred on them by the Agreement. In addition, under the Agreement, the General Partner will be indemnified by the Partnership against losses, judgments, liabilities, expenses and amounts paid in settlement sustained by it in connection with the Partnership so long as the losses, judgments, liabilities, expenses or amounts were not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct on the part of the General Partner. See “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Exculpation and Indemnification of the General Partner.”

The Partnership Agreement May Limit the Fiduciary Obligation of the General Partner to the Partnership and the Limited Partners

The Agreement contains certain provisions which modify what would otherwise be the applicable Oklahoma law relating to the fiduciary standards of the General Partner to the Limited Partners. The fiduciary standards in the Agreement could be less advantageous to the Limited Partners and more advantageous to the General Partner than the corresponding fiduciary standards otherwise applicable under Oklahoma law (although there are very few legal precedents clarifying exactly what fiduciary standards would otherwise be applicable under Oklahoma law). The purchase of Units may be deemed as consent to the fiduciary standards set forth in the Agreement. See “FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY.” As a result of these provisions in the Agreement, the Limited Partners may find it more difficult to hold the General Partner responsible for acting in the best interest of the Partnership and the Limited Partners than if the fiduciary standards of the otherwise applicable Oklahoma law governed the situation.

TAX STATUS AND TAX RISKS

It is possible that the tax treatment currently available with respect to oil and gas exploration and production will be modified or eliminated on a retroactive or prospective basis by legislative, judicial, or administrative actions. The limited tax benefits associated with oil and gas exploration do not eliminate the inherent economic risks. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

Partnership Classification

Conner & Winters has rendered its opinion that the Partnership will be classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership and not as a corporation, an association taxable as a corporation or a “publicly traded partnership.” Such opinion is not binding on the Service or the courts. If the Partnership were classified as a corporation, association taxable as a corporation or publicly traded partnership, any income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit of the Partnership would remain at the entity level, and not flow through to the Partners, the income of the Partnership would be subject to corporate tax rates at the entity level and distributions to the Partners could be considered dividend distributions. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations—General Tax Effects of Partnership Structure.”

Limited Partner Interests

It is anticipated that in the first year(s) of the Partnership Limited Partners will be allocated deductions in excess of their allocations of income. An investment as a Limited Partner may not be advisable for a person who does not anticipate having substantial current taxable income from passive trade or business activities (not counting dividend or interest income). Most Limited Partners will be subject to the “passive activity loss” rules. A Limited Partner subject to the passive activity loss rules will be unable to use passive losses generated by the Partnership until and unless he or she has realized “passive income”.

Tax Liabilities in Excess of Cash Distributions

A Partner must include in his or her own income tax return his or her share of the items of the Partnership’s income, gain, profit, loss, and deductions whether or not cash proceeds are actually distributed to the Partner to

 

11


pay any tax resulting from the Partnership’s income or gain. For example, income from the Partnership’s sale of oil and gas production will be taxable to Partners as ordinary income subject to depletion and other deductions whether or not the proceeds from such sale are actually distributed (for example, where Partnership income is used to repay Partnership indebtedness).

Items Not Covered by the Tax Opinion

Due to the lack of authority regarding, or the essentially factual nature of certain issues, Conner & Winters has expressed no opinion as to the following: (i) the impact of an investment in the Partnership on an investor’s alternative minimum tax liability; (ii) whether any of the Partnership’s properties will be considered “proven” for purposes of depletion deductions; and (iii) whether the Partnership will be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the General Partner as nominee for the Partnership.

The determination of the proper treatment as to the above-referenced issues is dependent on facts not currently available. Therefore, Conner & Winters is unable to render an opinion at this time with respect to such issues. Also, the unknown facts with respect to the various issues referred to above will vary from Partner to Partner and will result in different tax consequences and burdens for individual Partners.

Tax Opinion Not Binding on Service

Prospective investors should recognize that an opinion of legal counsel merely represents such counsel’s best legal judgment under existing statutes, judicial decisions, and administrative regulations and interpretations. There can be no assurance that deductions claimed by the Partnership in reliance on the opinion of Conner & Winters will not be challenged successfully by the Service.

The opinion of Conner & Winters was not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed by the Service. The opinion of Conner & Winters was written to support the promotion or marketing of Units in the Partnership. Prospective investors should seek advice based on their particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.

OPERATIONAL RISKS

Risks Inherent in Oil and Gas Operations

The Partnership will be participating with the General Partner in acquiring producing oil and gas leases and in the drilling of those oil and gas wells commenced by the General Partner from the later of January 1, 2008 or the time the Partnership is formed through December 31, 2008 and, with certain limited exceptions, serving as a co-general partner of any oil and gas drilling or income programs, or both, formed by the General Partner or UNIT during 2008.

All drilling to establish productive oil and natural gas properties is inherently speculative. The techniques presently available to identify the existence and location of pools of oil and natural gas are indirect, and, therefore, a considerable amount of personal judgment is involved in the selection of any prospect for drilling. The economics of oil and natural gas drilling and production are affected or may be affected in the future by a number of factors which are beyond the control of the General Partner, including (i) the general demand in the economy for energy fuels, (ii) the worldwide supply of oil and natural gas, (iii) the price of, as well as governmental policies with respect to, oil and liquefied natural gas imports, (iv) potential competition from competing alternative fuels, (v) governmental regulation of prices for oil and natural gas production, gathering and transportation, (vi) state regulations affecting allowable rates of production, well spacing and other factors such as, but not limited to, regulation of gathering, and (vii) availability of drilling rigs, casing and other necessary goods and services. See “COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION.” The revenues, if any, generated from Partnership operations will be highly dependent on the future prices and demand for oil and natural gas. The factors enumerated above affect, and will continue to affect, oil and natural gas prices. Recently, prices for oil and natural gas have fluctuated over a wide range.

Operating and Environmental Hazards

Operating hazards such as fires, explosions, blowouts, unusual formations, formations with abnormal pressures and other unforeseen conditions are sometimes encountered in drilling wells. On occasion, substantial liabilities

 

12


to third parties or governmental entities may be incurred, the payment of which could reduce the funds available for exploration and development or result in loss of Partnership Properties. The Partnership will attempt to maintain customary insurance coverage, but the Partnership may be subject to liability for pollution and other damages or may lose substantial portions of its properties due to hazards against which it cannot insure or against which it may elect not to insure due to unreasonably high or prohibitive premium costs or for other reasons. The activities of the Partnership may expose it to drilling limitations and potential liability for pollution or other damages under laws and regulations relating to environmental matters (see “Government Regulation and Environmental Risks” below).

Competition

The oil and gas industry is highly competitive. The Partnership will be involved in intense competition for the acquisition of quality undeveloped leases and producing oil and gas properties. There can be no assurance that a sufficient number of suitable oil and gas properties will be available for acquisition or development by the Partnership. The Partnership will be competing with numerous major and independent companies which possess financial resources and staffs larger than those available to it. The Partnership, therefore, may be unable in certain instances to acquire desirable leases or supplies or may encounter delays in commencing or completing Partnership operations.

Markets for Oil and Natural Gas Production

Historically, oil and gas prices have been extremely volatile, with significant increases and significant price drops being experienced from time to time. In the future, various factors beyond the control of the Partnership will have a significant effect on oil and gas prices. Such factors include, among other things, the domestic and foreign supply of oil and gas, the price of foreign imports, the levels of consumer demand, the price and availability of alternative fuels, the availability of pipeline capacity and changes in existing and proposed federal regulation and price controls.

Although future levels of production by international oil producing companies or the degree to which oil prices will be affected thereby and other world events cannot be predicted, it is possible that prices for oil produced in the future will be higher or lower than those currently available. Although future levels of production by international oil producing countries or the degree to which oil prices will be affected thereby and other world events cannot be predicted, it is possible that prices for oil produced in the future will be higher or lower than those currently available. There can be no assurance that the oil that the Partnership produces can be marketed on favorable price and other contractual terms. See “COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION — Marketing of Production.”

The natural gas market is also unsettled due to a number of factors. In the past, production from natural gas wells in some geographic areas of the United States was curtailed for considerable periods of time due to a lack of market demand. Over the past several years demand for natural gas has increased greatly limiting the number of wells being shut in for lack of demand. It is possible, however, that Partnership Wells may in the future be shut-in or that natural gas will be sold on terms less favorable than might otherwise be obtained should demand for gas lessen in the future. Competition for available markets has been vigorous and there remains great uncertainty about prices that purchasers will pay. In recent years, significant court decisions and regulatory changes have affected the natural gas markets. As a result of such court decisions, regulatory changes and unsettled market conditions, natural gas regulations may be modified in the future and may be subject to further judicial review or invalidation. The combination of these factors, among others, makes it particularly difficult to estimate accurately future prices of natural gas, and any assumptions concerning future prices may prove incorrect. Natural gas surpluses could result in the Partnership’s inability to market natural gas profitably, causing Partnership Wells to curtail production and/or receive lower prices for its natural gas, situations which would adversely affect the Partnership’s ability to make cash distributions to its participants. See “COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION.”

In the event that the Partnership discovers or acquires natural gas reserves, there may be delays in commencing or continuing production due to the need for gathering and pipeline facilities, contract negotiation with the available market, pipeline capacities, seasonal takes by the gas purchaser or a surplus of available gas reserves in a particular area.

 

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Government Regulation and Environmental Risks

The oil and gas business is subject to pervasive government regulation under which, among other things, rates of production from producing properties may be fixed and the prices for gas produced from such producing properties may be impacted. It is possible that these regulations pertaining to rates of production could become more pervasive and stringent in the future. The activities of the Partnership may expose it to potential liability under laws and regulations relating to environmental matters which could adversely affect the Partnership. Compliance with these laws and regulations may increase Partnership costs, delay or prevent the drilling of wells, delay or prevent the acquisition of otherwise desirable producing oil and gas properties, require the Partnership to cease operations in certain areas, and cause delays in the production of oil and gas. See “COMPETITION, MARKETING AND REGULATION.”

Leasehold Defects

In certain instances, the Partnership may not be able to obtain a title opinion or report with respect to a producing property that is acquired. Consequently, the Partnership’s title to any such property may be uncertain. Furthermore, even if certain technical defects do appear in title opinions or reports with respect to a particular property, the General Partner, in its sole discretion, may determine that it is in the best interest of the Partnership to acquire such property without taking any curative action.

TERMS OF THE OFFERING

General

 

   

900 Maximum Units; 50 Minimum Units

 

   

$1,000 Units; Minimum subscription: $2,000

 

   

Minimum Partnership: $50,000 in subscriptions

 

   

Maximum Partnership: $900,000 in subscriptions

Limited Partnership Interests

The Partnership hereby offers to certain employees (described under “Subscription Rights” below) and directors of UNIT and its subsidiaries an aggregate of 900 Units. The purchase price of each Unit is $1,000, and the minimum permissible purchase by any eligible subscriber is two Units ($2,000). See “Subscription Rights” below for the maximum number of Units that may be acquired by subscribers.

The Partnership will be formed as an Oklahoma limited partnership on the closing of the offering of Units made by this Memorandum. The General Partner will be Unit Petroleum Company (the “General Partner” , or “UPC” ), an Oklahoma corporation. Partnership operations will be conducted from the General Partner’s offices, the address of which is 7130 South Lewis Avenue, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136, telephone (918) 493-7700.

The offering of Units will be closed on January 18, 2008 unless extended by the General Partner for up to 30 days, and all Units subscribed will be issued on the Effective Date. The offering may be withdrawn by the General Partner at any time prior to such date if it believes it to be in the best interests of the eligible employees and Directors or the General Partner not to proceed with the offering.

If at least 50 Units ($50,000) are not subscribed prior to the termination of the offering, the Partnership will not commence business. The General Partner may, on its own accord, purchase Units and, in such capacity, will enjoy the same rights and obligations as other Limited Partners, except the General Partner will have unlimited liability. The General Partner may, in its discretion, purchase Units sufficient to reach the minimum Aggregate Subscription ($50,000). Because the General Partner or its affiliates might benefit from the successful completion of this offering (see “PARTICIPATION IN COSTS, AND REVENUES” and “COMPENSATION”), investors should not expect that sales of the minimum Aggregate Subscription indicate that such sales have been made to

 

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investors that have no financial or other interest in the offering or that have otherwise exercised independent investment discretion. Further, the sale of the minimum Aggregate Subscription is not designed as a protection to investors to indicate that their interest is shared by other unaffiliated investors and no investor should place any reliance on the sale of the minimum Aggregate Subscription as an indication of the merits of this offering. Units acquired by the General Partner will be for investment purposes only without a present intent for resale and there is no limit on the number of Units that may be acquired by it.

Subscription Rights

Units are offered only to persons who are salaried employees of UNIT or its subsidiaries at the date of formation of the Partnership and whose annual base salaries for 2007 (excluding bonuses) has been set at $36,000 or more and to directors of UNIT. Only employees and directors who are U.S. citizens are eligible to participate in the offering. In addition, employees and directors must be able to bear the economic risks of an investment in the Partnership and must have sufficient investment experience and expertise to evaluate the risks and merits of such an investment. See “PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION — Suitability of Investors.”

Eligible employees and directors are restricted as to the number of Units they may purchase in the offering. The maximum number of Units which can be acquired by any employee is that number of whole Units which can be purchased with an amount which does not exceed one-half of the employee’s base salary for 2007; provided, however, that the General Partner may, at its discretion, accept a subscription for a greater amount. Each director of UNIT may subscribe for a maximum of 300 Units (maximum investment of $300,000). At November 27, 2007 there were approximately 646 people eligible to purchase Units.

Eligible employees and directors may acquire Units through a corporation or other entity in which all of the beneficial interests are owned by them or permitted assignees (see “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Transferability of Interests”); provided that such employees or Directors will be jointly and severally liable with such entity for payment of the Capital Subscription.

The number of Units offered is limited and there will not be sufficient Units available if a substantial number of the eligible employees and directors subscribed for the maximum number of Units. In the event the Units are oversubscribed, Units will be allocated among the respective subscribers in the proportion that each subscription amount bears to total subscriptions obtained.

No employee is obligated to purchase Units in order to remain in the employ of UNIT, and the purchase of Units by any employee will not obligate UNIT to continue the employment of such employee. Units may be subscribed for by the spouse or a trust for the minor children of eligible employees and directors.

Payment for Units; Delinquent Installment

The Capital Subscriptions of the Limited Partners will be payable either (i) in four equal Installments, the first of such Installments being due on March 15, 2008 and the remaining three of such Installments being due on June 15, September 15, and December 15, 2008, respectively, or (ii) by employees so electing in the space provided on the Subscription Agreement, through equal deductions from 2008 salary paid to the employee by the General Partner, UNIT or its subsidiaries commencing immediately after formation of the Partnership. If an employee or director who has subscribed for Units (either directly or through a corporation or other entity) ceases to be employed by or serve as a director of the General Partner, UNIT or any of its subsidiaries for any reason other than death, disability or Normal Retirement prior to the time the full amount of all Installments not waived by the General Partner as described below are due, then the due date for any such unpaid Installments shall be accelerated so that the full amount of his or her unpaid Capital Subscription will be due and payable on the effective date of such termination.

Each Installment will be a legally binding obligation of the Limited Partner and any past due amounts will bear interest at an annual rate equal to two percentage points in excess of the prime rate of interest of Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma; provided, however, that if the General Partner determines that the total Aggregate Subscription is not required to fund the Partnership’s business and operations, then the General Partner may, at its sole option, elect to release the Limited Partners from their obligation to pay one or more Installments (including the obligation to pay in the amount of any Additional Assessments). If the General Partner elects to waive the payment of an Installment, it will notify all Limited Partners promptly in writing of its decision and

 

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will, to the extent required, amend the certificate of limited partnership and any other relevant Partnership documents accordingly. It is currently anticipated that the total Aggregate Subscription will be required, however, to fund the Partnership’s business and operations.

In the event a Limited Partner fails to pay any Installment when due and the General Partner has not released the Limited Partners from their obligation to pay such Installment, then the General Partner, at its sole option and discretion, may elect to purchase the Units of such defaulting Limited Partner at a price equal to the total amount of the Capital Contributions actually paid into the Partnership by such defaulting Limited Partner, less the amount of any Partnership distributions that may have been received by him or her. Such option may be exercised by the General Partner by written notice to the Limited Partner at any time after the date that the unpaid Installment was due and will be deemed exercised when the amount of the purchase price is first tendered to the defaulting Limited Partner. The General Partner may, in its discretion, accept payments of delinquent Installments not waived by it but will not be required to do so.

In the event that the General Partner elects to purchase the Units of a defaulting Limited Partner, it must pay into the Partnership the amount of the delinquent Installment (excluding any interest that may have accrued thereon) and pay each additional Installment, if any, payable with respect to such Units as it becomes due. By virtue of such purchase, the General Partner will be allocated all Partnership Revenues, be charged with all Partnership costs and expenses attributable to such Units and will enjoy the same rights and obligations as other Limited Partners, except the General Partner will have unlimited liability.

Right of Presentment

After December 31, 2009, and annually thereafter, Limited Partners will have the right to present their Units to the General Partner for purchase. The General Partner will not be obligated to purchase more than 20% of the then outstanding Units in any one calendar year. The purchase price to be paid for the Units of any Limited Partner presenting them for purchase will be based on the net asset value of the Partnership which shall be equal to:

 

  (1) The value of the proved reserves attributable to the Partnership Properties, determined as set forth below; plus

 

  (2) The estimated salvage value of tangible equipment installed on Partnership Wells less the costs of plugging and abandoning the wells, both discounted at the rate utilized to determine the value of the Partnership’s reserves as set forth below; plus

 

  (3) The lower of cost or fair market value of all Partnership Properties to which proved reserves have not been attributed but which have not been condemned, as determined by an independent petroleum engineering firm or the General Partner, as the case may be; plus

 

  (4) Cash on hand; plus

 

  (5) Prepaid expenses and accounts receivable (less a reasonable reserve for doubtful accounts); plus

 

  (6) The estimated market value of all other Partnership assets not included in (1) through (5) above, determined by the General Partner; MINUS

 

  (7) An amount equal to all debts, obligations and other liabilities of the Partnership.

The price to be paid for each Limited Partner’s interest of the net asset value will be his or her proportionate share of such net asset value less 75% of the amount of any distributions received by him or her which are attributable to the sales of the Partnership production since the date as of which the Partnership’s proved reserves are estimated.

The value of the proved reserves attributable to Partnership Properties will be determined as follows:

 

  (i) First, the future net revenues from the production and sale of the proved reserves will be estimated as of the end of the calendar year in which presentment is made based on an independent engineering firm’s report and its determinations of the prices to be used as well as the escalations, if any, of such prices and cost or, if no report was made, as determined by the General Partner;

 

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  (ii) Next, the future net revenues from the production and sale of proved reserves as determined above will be discounted at an annual rate which is one percentage point higher than the prime rate of interest being charged by the Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma, or any successor bank, as of the date such reserves are estimated; and

 

  (iii) Finally, the total discounted value of the future net revenues from the production and sale of proved reserves will be reduced by an additional 25% to take into account the risks and uncertainties associated with the production and sale of the reserves and other unforeseen uncertainties.

A Limited Partner who elects to have his or her Units purchased by the General Partner should be aware that estimates of future net recoverable reserves of oil and gas and estimates of future net revenues to be received therefrom are based on a great many factors, some of which, particularly future prices of production, are usually variable and uncertain and are always determined by predictions of future events. Accordingly, it is common for the actual production and revenues received to vary from earlier estimates. Estimates made in the first few years of production from a property will be based on relatively little production history and will not be as reliable as later estimates based on longer production history. As a result of all the foregoing, reserve estimates and estimates of future net revenues from production may vary from year to year.

This right of presentment may be exercised by written notice from a Limited Partner to the General Partner. The sale will be effective as of the close of business on the last day of the calendar year in which such notice is given or, at the General Partner’s election, at 7:00 A.M. on the following day. Within 120 days after the end of the calendar year, the General Partner will furnish each Limited Partner who gave such notice during the calendar year a statement showing the cash purchase price which would be paid for the Limited Partner’s interest as of December 31 of the preceding year, which statement will include a summary of estimated reserves and future net revenues and sufficient material to reveal how the purchase price was determined. The Limited Partner must, within 30 days after receipt of such statement, reaffirm his or her election to sell to the General Partner.

As noted above, the General Partner will not be obligated to purchase in any one calendar year more than 20% of the Units in the Partnership then outstanding. Moreover, the General Partner will not be obligated to purchase any Units pursuant to such right if such purchase, when added to the total of all other sales, exchanges, transfers or assignments of Units within the preceding 12 months, would result in the Partnership being considered to have terminated within the meaning of Section 708 of the Code or would cause the Partnership to lose its status as a partnership or be treated as a publicly traded partnership for federal income tax purposes. If more than the number of Units which may be purchased are tendered in any one year, the Limited Partners from whom the Units are to be purchased will be determined by lot. Any Units presented but not purchased with respect to one year will have priority for such purchase the following year.

The General Partner does not intend to establish a cash reserve to fund its obligation to purchase Units, but will use funds provided by its operations or borrowed funds (if available), using its assets (including such Units purchased or to be purchased from Limited Partners) as collateral to fund such obligations. However, there is no assurance that the General Partner will have sufficient financial resources to discharge its obligations.

Rollup or Consolidation of Partnership

The Agreement provides that two years or more after the Partnership has completed substantially all of its property acquisition, drilling and development operations, the General Partner may, without the vote, consent or approval of the Limited Partners, cause all or substantially all of the oil and gas properties and other assets of the Partnership to be sold, assigned or transferred to, or the Partnership merged or consolidated with, another partnership or a corporation, trust or other entity for the purpose of combining the assets of two or more of the oil and gas partnerships formed for investment or participation by employees, directors and/or consultants of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries; provided, however, that the valuation of the oil and gas properties and other assets of all such participating partnerships for purposes of such transfer or combination shall be made on a consistent basis and in a manner which the General Partner and UNIT believe is fair and equitable to the Limited Partners. As a

 

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consequence of any such transfer or combination, the Partnership shall be dissolved and terminated and the Limited Partners shall receive partnership interests, stock or other equity interests in the transferee or resulting entity. Any such action will cause the Limited Partners’ attributable interest in the Partnership Properties to be diluted but it will also provide them with attributable interests in the properties and other assets of the other partnerships participating in the consolidation. It also may reduce somewhat the amount of their attributable shares of the direct and indirect costs of administering the Partnership. See “RISK FACTORS — Investment Risks—Roll-Up or Consolidation of Partnership.”

ADDITIONAL FINANCING

The General Partner will use its best efforts, consistent with Partnership objectives, to acquire Productive properties and complete the Partnership’s drilling and development operations before the Aggregate Subscription has been fully expended or committed. However, funds in addition to the Aggregate Subscription may be required to pay costs and expenses which are chargeable to the Limited Partners. In those instances described below, the General Partner may call for Additional Assessments or may apply Partnership Revenue allocable to the Limited Partners in payment and satisfaction of such costs or the General Partner may, but shall not be required to, fund the deficiency with Partnership borrowings to be repaid with Partnership Revenue.

Additional Assessments

When the Aggregate Subscription has been fully expended or committed, the General Partner may make one or more calls for any portion or all of the maximum Additional Assessments of $100 per Unit. However, no Additional Assessments may be required before the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended. Such assessments may be used to pay the Limited Partners’ share of the Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Productive properties which are chargeable to the Limited Partners. The amount of the Additional Assessment so called shall be due and payable on or before such date as the General Partner may set in such call, which in no event will be earlier than thirty (30) days after the date of mailing of the call. The notice of the call for Additional Assessments will specify the amount of the assessment being required, the intended use of such funds, the date on which the contributions are payable and describe the consequences of nonpayment. Although the Limited Partners who do not respond will participate in production, if any, obtained from operations conducted with the proceeds from the aggregate Additional Assessments paid into the Partnership, the amount of the unpaid Additional Assessment shall bear interest at the annual rate equal to two (2) percentage points in excess of the prime rate of interest of Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma, or successor bank, as announced and in effect from time to time, until paid. The Partnership will have a lien on the defaulting Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership and the General Partner may retain Partnership Revenue otherwise available for distribution to the defaulting Limited Partner until an amount equal to the unpaid Additional Assessment and interest is received. Furthermore, the General Partner may satisfy such lien by proceeding with legal action to enforce the lien and the defaulting Limited Partner shall pay all expenses of collection, including interest, court costs and a reasonable attorney’s fee. If the General Partner believes that no Additional Assessments will be required to fund the Partnership’s business and operations, it may release the Limited Partners from their obligations to make the Additional Assessments by a notice in writing.

Prior Programs

In the prior employee programs conducted by UNIT or the General Partner in each of the years 1984 through 2007, Additional Assessments could be called for as provided herein. At September 30, 2007, there had been no calls for Additional Assessments in such programs. There can be no assurance, however, that Additional Assessments will not be required to pay Partnership costs. The General Partner released the limited partners in the Unit 2007 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership from the obligation to make any Additional Assessments in excess of $44.00 per Unit.

Partnership Borrowings

At any time after the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to borrow funds for the purpose of paying Drilling Costs, Special Production

 

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and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Productive properties, which borrowings may be secured by interests in the Partnership Properties and will be repaid, including interest accruing thereon, out of Partnership Revenue. The General Partner may, but is not required to, advance funds to the Partnership for the same purposes for which Partnership borrowings are authorized. With respect to any such advances, the General Partner will receive interest in an amount equal to the lesser of the interest which would be charged to the Partnership by unrelated banks on comparable loans for the same purpose or the General Partner’s interest cost with respect to such loan, where it borrows the same. No financing charges will be levied by the General Partner in connection with any such loan. If Partnership borrowings secured by interests in the Partnership Wells and repayable out of Partnership Revenue cannot be arranged on a basis which, in the opinion of the General Partner, is fair and reasonable, and the entire sum required to pay such costs is not available from Partnership Revenue, the General Partner may dispose of some or all of the Partnership Properties on which such operations were to be conducted by sale, farm-out or abandonment.

If the Partnership requires funds to conduct Partnership operations during the period between any of the Installments due from the Limited Partners, then, notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner shall advance funds to the Partnership in an amount equal to the funds then required to conduct such operations but in no event more than the total amount of the Aggregate Subscription remaining unpaid. With respect to any such advances, the General Partner shall receive no interest thereon and no financing charges will be levied by the General Partner in connection therewith. The General Partner shall be repaid out of the Installments thereafter paid into the capital of the Partnership when due.

The Partnership may attempt to finance any expenses in excess of the Partners’ Capital Subscriptions by the foregoing means and any other means which the General Partner deems in the best interests of the Partnership, but the Partnership’s inability to meet such costs could result in the deferral of drilling operations or in the inability to participate in future drilling or in non-consent penalties pursuant to which co-owners of particular working interests recover several times the amount which would have been funded by the Partnership in accordance with its ownership interest before the Partnership would participate in revenues.

The use of Partnership Revenue allocable to the Limited Partners to pay Partnership costs and expenses and to repay any Partnership borrowings will mean that such revenue will not be available for distribution to the Limited Partners. Nonetheless, the Limited Partners may incur income tax liability by virtue of that revenue and, thus, may not receive distributions from the Partnership in amounts necessary to pay such income tax. However, the use of such revenue to pay Partnership costs and expenses may generate additional deductions for the Limited Partners.

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Units will be offered privately only to select persons who can demonstrate to the General Partner that they have both the economic means and investment expertise to qualify as suitable investors. The Units will be offered and sold by the officers and directors of UPC or UNIT.

Suitability of Investors

Subscriptions should be made only by appropriate persons who can reasonably benefit from an investment in the Partnership. In this regard, a subscription will generally be accepted only from a person who can represent that such person has (or in the case of a husband and wife, acting as joint tenants, tenants in common or tenants in the entirety, that they have) a net worth, including home, furnishings and automobiles, of at least five times the amount of his or her Capital Subscription, and estimates that such person will have during the current year adjusted gross income in an amount which will enable him or her to bear the economic risks of his or her investment in the Partnership. Such person must also demonstrate that he or she has sufficient investment experience and expertise to evaluate the risks and merits of an investment in the Partnership.

Participation in the Partnership is intended only for those persons willing to assume the risk of a speculative, illiquid, long-term investment. Entitlement to and maintenance of the exemptions from registration provided by Sections 3(b) and/or 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, require the imposition of certain limitations on the persons to whom offers may be made, and from whom subscriptions may be accepted. Therefore, this

 

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offering is limited to persons who, by virtue of investment acumen or financial resources, satisfy the General Partner that they meet suitability standards consistent with the maintenance and preservation of the exemptions provided by Sections 3(b) and/or 4(2) and by the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as those contained herein and in the Subscription Agreement. Persons offering interests shall sufficiently inquire of a prospective investor to be reasonably assured that such investor meets such acceptable standards. Suitability standards may also be imposed by the regulatory authorities of the various states in which interests may be offered.

RELATIONSHIP OF THE PARTNERSHIP,

THE GENERAL PARTNER AND AFFILIATES

The following diagram depicts the primary relationships among the Partnership, the General Partner and certain of its affiliates.

LOGO

PROPOSED ACTIVITIES

General

The Partnership will, with certain limited exceptions, participate in all of UNIT’s or UPC’s oil and gas activities commenced during 2008. The Partnership will acquire 1% of essentially all of UNIT’s interest in such activities. The activities will include (i) participating as a joint working interest owner with UNIT or UPC in any producing leases acquired and in any wells commenced by UNIT or UPC other than as a general partner in a drilling or income program during 2008 and (ii) serving as a co-general partner in any drilling or income programs, or both, formed by the General Partner or UNIT during 2008.

Acquisition of Properties and Drilling Operations . The Partnership will participate, to the extent of 1% of UPC or UNIT’s final interest in each well, as a fractional working interest holder in any producing leases acquired and in any drilling operations conducted by UPC or UNIT for its own account which are acquired or commenced, respectively, from January 1, 2008, or the time of the formation of the Partnership if subsequent to January 1, 2008, until December 31, 2008, except for wells, if any:

 

  (i) drilled outside the 48 contiguous United States;

 

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  (ii) drilled as part of secondary or tertiary recovery operations which were in existence prior to formation of the Partnership;

 

  (iii) drilled by third parties under farm-out or similar arrangements with UNIT or the General Partner or whereby UNIT or the General Partner may be entitled to an overriding royalty, reversionary or other similar interest in the production from such wells but is not obligated to pay any of the Drilling Costs thereof;

 

  (iv) acquired by UNIT or the General Partner through the acquisition by UNIT or the General Partner of, or merger of UNIT or the General Partner with, other companies (this exception may, at the discretion of Unit or the General Partner, be waived.); or

 

  (v) with respect to which the General Partner does not believe that the potential economic return therefrom justifies the costs of participation by the Partnership.

Instances referred to in (v) could occur when UNIT or one of its subsidiaries agrees to participate in the ownership of a prospect for its own account in order to obtain the contract to drill the well thereon. There may be situations where the potential economic return of the well alone would not be sufficient to warrant participation by UNIT but when considered in light of the revenues expected to be realized as a result of the drilling contract, such participation is desirable from UNIT’s standpoint. However, in such a situation, the Partnership would not be entitled to any of the revenues generated by the drilling contract so its participation in the well would not be desirable.

For these purposes, the drilling of a well will be deemed to have commenced on the “spud date,” i.e., the date that the drilling rig is set up and actual drilling operations are commenced. Any clearing or other site preparation operations will not be considered part of the drilling operations for these purposes.

Participation in Drilling or Income Programs . Except for certain limited exceptions it is anticipated that the Partnership will participate with UPC or UNIT as a co-general partner of any drilling or income programs, or both, formed by UPC or UNIT and its affiliates during 2008. The Partnership will be charged with 1% of the total costs and expenses charged to the general partners and allocated 1% of the revenues allocable to the general partners in any such program and UPC or UNIT will be charged with the remaining 99% of the general partners’ share of costs and expenses and allocated the remaining 99% of the general partners’ share of program revenues.

UNIT or its affiliates formed drilling programs for outside investors from 1979 through 1984. In 1987, the Unit 1986 Energy Income Limited Partnership (the “1986 Energy Program” ) was formed primarily to acquire interests in producing oil and gas properties. See “PRIOR ACTIVITIES.” All of the programs were formed as limited partnerships and interests in all of the programs other than the Unit 1979 Oil and Gas Program and the 1986 Energy Program were offered in registered public offerings. The 1979 Program and 1986 Energy Program were offered privately to a limited number of sophisticated investors.

No drilling or income programs for third party investors were formed in 2007. Although it does not currently contemplate doing so, UNIT may form such drilling or income programs during 2008. If such a program is formed, there would be only one or two such programs and they probably would be privately offered. The precise revenue and cost sharing format of any such programs has not been determined.

The cost and revenue sharing provisions of virtually all drilling programs offered to third parties generally require the limited partners or investors to bear a somewhat higher percentage of the program’s drilling and development costs than the percentage of program revenues to which they are entitled. Likewise, the general partners will normally receive a higher percentage of revenues than the percentage of drilling and development costs which they are required to pay. The difference in these percentages is often referred to as the general partners’ “promote.” Any drilling program which UNIT or UPC may form in 2008 for outside investors would likely have some amount of “promote” for the general partner(s).

Any income program may use the same or a similar format as that used for the 1986 Partnership. In the 1986 Partnership, virtually all partnership costs and expenses other than property acquisition costs are allocated to the partners in the same percentages that partnership revenue is being shared at the time such expenses are incurred, with property acquisition costs and certain other expenses being charged 85% to the accounts of the limited

 

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partners and 15% to the accounts of the general partners. Partnership revenue in the 1986 Partnership is allocated 85% to the limited partners’ accounts and 15% to the general partners’ accounts until program payout (as defined in the agreement of limited partnership for the 1986 Partnership). After program payout, the percentages of partnership revenue allocable to the respective accounts of the partners depend on the length of the period during which program payout occurs and range from 60% to the limited partners’ accounts and 40% to the general partners’ accounts to 85% to the limited partners’ accounts and 15% to the general partners’ accounts.

As co-general partners of any drilling or income programs that may be formed by UNIT and/or UPC during 2008 and participated in by the Partnership, UNIT and/or UPC and the Partnership will share the costs, expenses and revenues allocable to the general partners on a proportionate basis, 99% for the account of UNIT and/or UPC and 1% for the account of the Partnership. The Partnership will not receive any portion of any management fees payable to the general partners nor any fees or payments for supervisory services which UNIT or UPC may render to such programs as operator of program wells or other fees and payments which UNIT or UPC may be entitled to receive from such programs for services rendered to them or goods, materials, equipment or other property sold to them.

Extent and Nature of Operations . Although the General Partner maintains a general inventory of prospects, it cannot predict with certainty on which of those prospects wells will be started during 2008 nor can it predict what producing properties, if any, will be acquired by it during 2008. Further, since the General Partner anticipates that the Partnership will acquire a small interest (either directly or through any drilling or income programs of which it or UNIT serves as a general partner) in approximately 300 wells (however, the exact number of wells may vary greatly depending on the actual activity undertaken), it would be impractical to describe in any detail all of the properties in which the Partnership can be expected to acquire some interest.

The Partnership’s drilling and development operations are expected to include both Exploratory Wells and comparatively lower-risk Development Wells. Exploratory Wells include both the high-risk “wildcat” wells which are located in areas substantially removed from existing production and “controlled” Exploratory Wells which are located in areas where production has been established and where objective horizons have produced from similar geological features in the vicinity. Based on UNIT’s historical profile of its drilling operations, it is presently anticipated that the portion of the Aggregate Subscription expended for Partnership drilling operations (see “APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS”) will be spent approximately 7% on Exploratory Wells and 93% on Development Wells. However, these percentages may vary significantly.

Certain of the Partnership’s Development Wells may be drilled on prospects on which initial drilling operations were conducted by the General Partner or UNIT prior to the formation of the Partnership. Further, certain of the Partnership Wells will be drilled on prospects on which the General Partner, UNIT or possibly future employee programs may conduct additional drilling operations in years subsequent to 2008. In either instance, the Partnership will have an interest only in those wells begun in 2008 and will have no rights in production from wells commenced in years other than 2008 even though such other wells may be located on prospects or spacing units on which Partnership Wells have been drilled. Furthermore, it is possible that in years subsequent to 2008, UNIT, UPC or possibly future employee programs will acquire additional interests in wells participated in by the Partnership. In such event the Partnership will generally not be entitled to share in the acquisition of such additional interests. With respect to the acquisition of producing properties, UNIT will endeavor to diversify its investments by acquiring properties located in differing geographic locations and by balancing its investments between properties having high rates of production in early years and properties with more consistent production over a longer term. See “CONFLICTS OF INTERESTS — Acquisition of Properties and Drilling Operations.”

Partnership Objectives

The Partnership is being formed to provide eligible employees and directors the opportunity to participate in the oil and gas exploration and producing property acquisition activities of UNIT during 2008. UNIT hopes that participation in the Partnership will provide the participants with greater proprietary interests in its operations and the potential for realizing a more direct benefit in the event these operations prove to be profitable. The Partnership has been structured to achieve the objective of providing the Limited Partners with essentially the same economic returns that UNIT realizes from the wells drilled or acquired during 2008.

 

22


Areas of Interest

The Agreement authorizes the Partnership to engage in oil and gas exploration, drilling and development operations and to acquire producing oil and gas properties anywhere in the United States, but the areas presently under consideration are located in the states of Oklahoma, Texas, Louisiana, Kansas, Arkansas, Colorado, Montana, North Dakota, New Mexico, Mississippi and Wyoming. It is possible that the Partnership may drill in inland waterways, riverbeds, bayous or marshes but no drilling in the open seas will be attempted. Plans to conduct drilling and development operations or to acquire producing properties in certain of these states may be abandoned if attractive prospects cannot be obtained on satisfactory terms or if the Partnership is not fully subscribed.

Transfer of Properties

In the case of wells drilled or producing properties acquired by the Partnership and UPC or UNIT for their own accounts and not through another drilling or income program, the Partnership will acquire from UPC or UNIT a portion of the fractional undivided working interest in the properties or portions thereof comprising the spacing unit on which a proposed Partnership Well is to be drilled or on which a producing Partnership Well is located, and UPC or UNIT will retain for its own account all or a portion of the remainder of such working interest. Such working interests will be sold to the Partnership for an amount equal to the Leasehold Acquisition Costs attributable to the interest being acquired. Neither UNIT nor its affiliates will retain any overrides or other burdens on the working interests conveyed to the Partnership, and the respective working interests of UPC or UNIT and the Partnership in a property will bear their proportionate shares of costs and revenues.

The Partnership’s direct interest in a property will only encompass the area included within the spacing unit on which a Partnership Well is to be drilled or on which a producing Partnership Well is located, and, in the case of a Partnership Well to be drilled, it will acquire that interest only when the drilling of the well is ready to commence. If the size of a spacing unit is ever reduced, or any subsequent well in which the Partnership has no interest is drilled thereon, the Partnership will have no interest in any additional wells drilled on properties which were part of the original spacing unit unless such additional wells are commenced during 2008. If additional interests in Partnership Wells are acquired in years subsequent to 2008 the Partnership will generally not be entitled to participate or share in the acquisition of such additional interests. In addition, if the Partnership Well drilled on a spacing unit is dry or abandoned, the Partnership will not have an interest in any subsequent or additional well drilled on the spacing unit unless it is commenced during 2008. The Partnership will never own any significant amounts of undeveloped properties or have an occasion to sell or farm out any undeveloped Partnership Properties.

Transfers of properties to any drilling or income programs of which the Partnership serves as a general partner will be governed by the provisions of the agreement of limited partnership in effect with respect thereto. If any such program is to be offered publicly, those provisions will have to be consistent with the provisions contained in the Guidelines for the Registration of Oil and Gas Programs adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association, Inc.

Record Title to Partnership Properties

Record title to the Partnership Properties will be held by the General Partner. However, the General Partner will hold the Partnership Properties as a nominee for the Partnership under a form of nominee agreement to be entered into between the General Partner and the Partnership. Under the form of nominee agreement, the General Partner will disclaim any beneficial interest in the Partnership Properties held as nominee for the Partnership.

Marketing of Reserves

The General Partner has the authority to market the oil and gas production of the Partnership. In this connection, it may execute on behalf of the Partnership division orders, contracts for the marketing or sale of oil, gas or other hydrocarbons or other marketing agreements. Sales of the oil and gas production of the Partnership will be to independent third parties or to the General Partner or its affiliates (see “CONFLICTS OF INTEREST”).

 

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Conduct of Operations

The General Partner will have full, exclusive and complete discretion and control over the management, business and affairs of the Partnership and will make all decisions affecting the Partnership Properties. To the extent that Partnership funds are reasonably available, the General Partner will cause the Partnership to (1) test and investigate the Partnership Properties by appropriate geological and geophysical means, (2) conduct drilling and development operations on such Partnership Properties as it deems appropriate in view of such testing and investigation, (3) attempt completion of wells so drilled if in its opinion conditions warrant the attempt and (4) properly equip and complete productive Partnership Wells. The General Partner will also cause the Partnership’s productive wells to be operated in accordance with sound and economical oil and gas recovery practices.

The General Partner will operate certain drilling and productive wells on behalf of the Partnership in accordance with the terms of the Agreement (see “COMPENSATION”). In those cases, execution of separate operating agreements will not be necessary unless third party owners are involved, e.g., fractional undivided interest Partnership Properties and Partnership Properties that are pooled or unitized with other properties owned by third parties. In such cases, and in all cases where Partnership Properties are operated by third parties, the General Partner will, where appropriate, make or cause to be made and enter into operating agreements, pooling agreements, unitization agreements, etc., in the form in general use in the area where the affected property is located. The General Partner is also authorized to execute production sales contracts on behalf of the Partnership.

APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS

The Aggregate Subscription will be used to pay costs and expenses incurred in the operations of the Partnership which are chargeable to the Limited Partners. The organizational costs of the Partnership and the offering costs of the Units will be paid by the General Partner.

If all 900 Units offered hereby are sold, the proceeds to the Partnership would be $900,000. If the minimum 50 Units are sold, the proceeds to the Partnership would be $50,000. The General Partner estimates that the gross proceeds will be expended as follows:

 

       $900,000 Program    $50,000 Program
   Percent     Amount    Percent     Amount

Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Properties to Be Drilled

   5 %   $ 45,000    5 %   $ 2,500

Drilling Costs of Exploratory Wells

   5 %     45,000    5 %     2,500

Drilling Costs of Development Wells

   70 %     630,000    70 %     35,000

Leasehold Acquisition Costs of Productive Properties

   20 %     180,000    20 %     10,000

Total

   100 %   $ 900,000    100 %   $ 50,000

The foregoing allocation between Drilling Costs and Leasehold Acquisition Costs is solely an estimate and the actual percentages may vary materially from this estimate. Funds otherwise available for drilling Exploratory Wells will be reduced to the extent that such funds are used in conducting development operations in which the Partnership participates.

Until Capital Contributions are invested in the Partnership’s operations, they will be temporarily deposited, with or without interest, in one or more bank accounts of the Partnership or invested in short-term United States government securities, money market funds, bank certificates of deposit or commercial paper rated as “A1” or “P1” as the General Partner deems advisable. Partnership funds other than Capital Contributions may be commingled with the funds of the General Partner or UNIT.

 

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PARTICIPATION IN COSTS AND REVENUES

All costs of organizing the Partnership and offering Units therein will be paid by the General Partner. All costs incurred in the offering and syndication of any drilling or income program formed by UPC or UNIT and its affiliates during 2008 in which the Partnership participates as a co-general partner will also be paid by the General Partner. All other Partnership costs and expenses will be charged 99% to the Limited Partners and 1% to the General Partner until such time as the Aggregate Subscription has been fully expended. Thereafter and until the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, all of such costs and expenses will be charged to the General Partner. After the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, such costs and expenses will be charged to the respective accounts of the General Partner and the Limited Partners on the basis of their respective Percentages (see “GLOSSARY”).

All Partnership Revenues will be allocated between the General Partner and the Limited Partners on the basis of their respective Percentages.

The General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution will be determined as of December 31, 2008 and will be an amount equal to:

 

  (a) all costs and expenses previously charged to the General Partner as of that date, plus

 

  (b) the General Partner’s good faith estimate of the additional amounts that it will have to contribute in order to fund the Leasehold Acquisition Costs and Drilling Costs expected to be incurred by the Partnership after that date.

The respective Percentages of the General Partner and the Limited Partners will then be determined as of December 31, 2008 based on the relative contributions of the Partners previously made and expected to be made in the future during the remainder of the Partnership’s property acquisition and drilling phases. See “GLOSSARY — General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution”, “General Partner’s Percentage” and “ Limited Partners’ Percentage.” If the General Partner’s estimate of future Leasehold Acquisition Costs and Drilling Costs proves to be lower than the actual amount of such costs and expenses, the excess amounts will be charged to the Partners on the basis of their respective Percentages and the Limited Partners’ share will be paid out of their share of Partnership Revenues, Additional Assessments required of them or the proceeds of Partnership borrowings. See “ADDITIONAL FINANCING.” If the General Partner’s estimate of such costs and expenses proves to be higher than the actual costs and expenses, the General Partner will continue to bear Partnership costs and expenses that would otherwise have been chargeable to the Limited Partners until the total Partnership costs and expenses charged to it (including, without limitation, offering and organizational costs, Operating Expenses, general and administrative overhead costs and reimbursements and Special Production and Marketing Costs as well as Leasehold Acquisition Costs and Drilling Costs) since the formation of the Partnership equals the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution. In addition to actual contributions of cash or properties, any Partner will be deemed to have contributed amounts of Partnership Revenues allocated to it which are used to pay its share of Partnership costs and expenses.

The following table presents a summary of the allocation of Partnership costs, expenses and revenues between the General Partner and the Limited Partners:

 

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     General Partner     Limited Partners  

COSTS AND EXPENSES

    

•   Organizational and offering costs of the Partnership and any drilling or income programs in which the Partnership participates as a co-general partner

   100 %   0 %

•   All other Partnership Costs and Expenses:

    

•        Prior to time Limited Partner Capital Contributions are Entirely expended

   1 %   99 %

•        After expenditure of Limited Partner Capital Contributions and until expenditure of General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution

   100 %   0 %

•        After expenditure of General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution

   General Partner’s

Percentage

 

 

  Limited Partners’

Percentage

 

 

REVENUES

   General Partner’s

Percentage

 

 

  Limited Partners’

Percentage

 

 

COMPENSATION

Supervision of Operations

It is anticipated that the General Partner will operate many of the Partnership Properties during the drilling and production of Partnership Wells. For the General Partner’s services performed as operator, the Partnership will compensate the General Partner its pro rata portion of the compensation due to the General Partner under the operating agreements, if any, in effect with respect to such wells or, if none is in effect for such wells, at rates no higher than those normally charged in the same or a comparable geographic area by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arm’s length.

That portion of the General Partner’s general and administrative overhead expense that is attributable to its conduct of the actual and necessary business, affairs and operations of the Partnership will be reimbursed by the Partnership out of Partnership Revenue. The General Partner’s general and administrative overhead expenses are determined in accordance with industry practices. The costs and expenses to be allocated include all customary and routine legal, accounting, geological, engineering, travel, office rent, telephone, secretarial, salaries, data processing, word processing and other incidental reasonable expenses necessary to the conduct of the Partnership’s business and generated by the General Partner or allocated to it by UNIT, but will not include filing fees, commissions, professional fees, printing costs and other expenses incurred in forming the Partnership or offering interests therein. The amount of such costs and expenses to be reimbursed with respect to any particular period will be determined by allocating to the Partnership that portion of the General Partner’s total general and administrative overhead expense incurred during such period which is equal to the ratio of the Partnership’s total expenditures compared to the total expenditures by the General Partner for its own account. The portion of such general and administrative overhead expense reimbursement which is charged to the Limited Partners may not

 

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exceed an amount equal to 3% of the Aggregate Subscription during the first 12 months of the Partnership’s operations, and in each succeeding twelve-month period, the lesser of (a) 2% of the Aggregate Subscription and (b) 10% of the total Partnership Revenue realized in such twelve-month period. Administrative expenses incurred directly by the Partnership, or incurred by the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership and reimbursable to the General Partner, such as legal, accounting, auditing, reporting, engineering, mailing and other such fees, costs and expenses are not considered a part of the general and administrative expense reimbursed to the General Partner and the amounts thereof will not be subject to the limitations described in the preceding sentence.

Purchase of Equipment and Provision of Services

UNIT, through its subsidiary Unit Drilling Company, will probably perform significant drilling services for the Partnership. UNIT also owns Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C., an Oklahoma limited liability company, which may build or own an interest in certain gathering systems through which a portion of the Partnership’s gas production is transported.

These persons are in the business of supplying such equipment and services to non-affiliated parties in the industry and any such equipment and such services will be acquired or provided at prices or rates no higher than those normally charged in the same or comparable geographic area by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arms’ length. Production purchased by any affiliate of UNIT will be for prices which are not less than the highest posted price (in the case of crude oil) or prevailing price (in the case of natural gas) in the same field or area.

UNIT or one of its affiliates may provide other goods or services to the Partnership in which event the compensation received therefore will be subject to the same restrictions and conditions described above and under “CONFLICTS OF INTEREST” below.

Prior Programs

UNIT was formed in 1986 in connection with a major reorganization and recapitalization whereby UNIT acquired all of the assets and liabilities of all of the limited partnerships formed by UNIT’s predecessor, Unit Drilling and Exploration Company ( “UDEC” ), during the period of 1980 through 1983 in exchange for shares of UNIT’s common stock and UDEC was merged with a wholly owned subsidiary of UNIT whereby UDEC was the surviving corporation and thereby became a wholly owned subsidiary of UNIT. UNIT has conducted one oil and gas program since the date of its formation, the 1986 Energy Program. The 1986 Energy Program was formed on June 12, 1987 with total subscriptions of one million dollars. The Unit 1986 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership is a co-general partner with Unit Petroleum Company of the 1986 Energy Program. Direct compensation charged to or paid by the partnerships and earned by the General Partners for their services in connection with these programs through September 30, 2007, is set forth below.

 

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Program

   Management
Fee (1)
    Compensation for
Supervision and
Operation of
Productive and
Drilling
Wells (2)(3)
   Reimbursement
of General
Administrative
and Overhead
Expense (2)(3)(4)
   Fees
Received as
a Drilling
Contractor (2)

1979 (***)

   150,000     2,833,720    2,539,915    1,835,762

1980

   200,000     261,456    1,345,158    1,810,310

1981

   1,250,000 (5)   329,695    1,892,568    4,047,260

1981-II

   450,000     158,406    1,607,706    1,629,201

1982-A

   634,200     521,910    1,688,024    4,110,107

1982-B

   316,650     331,594    1,224,023    4,945,437

1983-A

   50,600     151,289    698,597    695,255

1984

   —       351,975    1,312,460    829,503

1984 Employee (*)

   —       3,924    5,000    13,452

1985 Employee (*)

   —       10,316    —      54,892

1986 Energy Income Fund (**)

   —       412,575    2,067,307    109,383

1986 Employee (*)

   —       23,505    —      59,446

1987 Employee (*)

   —       50,688    —      97,079

1988 Employee (*)

   —       93,854    —      112,861

1989 Employee (*)

   —       54,536    —      165,436

1990 Employee (*)

   —       28,884    —      144,722

1991 Employee (****)

   —       572,357    —      144,993

1992 Employee (****)

   —       159,914    —      14,934

1993 Employee (****)

   —       85,790    —      68,504

1994 Employee (****)

   —       122,392    —      42,135

1995 Employee (****)

   —       72,331    —      35,903

1996 Employee (****)

   —       85,199    —      112,911

1997 Employee (****)

   —       75,475    —      170,174

1998 Employee (****)

   —       57,689    —      161,343

1999 Employee (****)

   —       95,782    —      186,408

Consolidated Program (*)(****)

   —       493,473    —      816

2000 Employee

   —       140,128    —      600,439

2001 Employee

   —       42,324    —      363,663

2002 Employee

   —       42,066    —      275,071

2003 Employee

   —       49,362    —      231,786

2004 Employee

   —       13,546    —      546,428

2005 Employee

   —       25,329    —      750,219

2006 Employee

   —       8,556    —      721,148

2007 Employee

   —       742    —      372,512

 

(*)

Effective December 31, 1993, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, this employee partnership was merged with and into the Unit Consolidated Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership (the “Consolidated Program”), with the latter being the surviving limited partnership. See Prior Activities.

(**)

Formed primarily for purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties.

(***)

Effective July 1, 2003 this program was dissolved.

(****)

Effective December 31, 2002, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, this employee partnership was merged with and into the Unit Consolidated Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership (the “Consolidated Program”), with the latter being the surviving limited partnership. See Prior Activities.

 

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(1) Paid to both UDEC and a prior Key Employee Exploration Fund as general partners. No management fee was payable to UDEC or any of its affiliates by any of the 1984 - 2007 Employee Programs and no management fee is payable by the Partnership to UNIT or any of its affiliates.
(2) Paid only to UDEC.
(3) In the case of compensation for supervision and operation of productive wells and reimbursement of UNIT’s general and administrative overhead expense, the general partners generally were charged with and paid a percentage of such amounts equal to the percentage of partnership revenues being allocated to them.
(4) Although the partnership agreement for each of the 1985 - 2007 Employee Programs provides that the General Partner is entitled to reimbursement for the general administrative and overhead expenses attributable to each of such programs, the General Partner has to date elected not to seek such reimbursement. However, there can be no assurance that the General Partner will continue to forego such reimbursement in the future.
(5) Includes a special allocation of gross revenues totaling $500,000.

MANAGEMENT

The General Partner

UNIT was formed in 1986 in connection with a major reorganization and recapitalization whereby UNIT acquired all of the assets and liabilities of all of the limited partnerships formed by UNIT’s predecessor, UDEC, in exchange for shares of UNIT’s common stock in a transaction whereby UDEC became a wholly owned subsidiary of UNIT. UPC was incorporated in the State of Oklahoma on February 9, 1984 as Sunshine Development Corporation ( “SDC” ) and was acquired by UDEC in 1985. The name was changed to Unit Petroleum Company in 1988. On October 8, 1985 pursuant to the terms of a Stock Purchase Agreement,” UDEC purchased all of the issued and outstanding stock of SDC whereby SDC became a wholly owned subsidiary of UDEC. On February 1, 1988, pursuant to the terms of an “Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation”, SDC was renamed Unit Petroleum Company.

UPC’s as well as UNIT’s, principal office is at 7130 South Lewis Avenue, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136 and its telephone number is (918) 493-7700. UNIT through its various subsidiaries is engaged in the onshore contract drilling of oil and gas wells, the exploration for and production of oil and gas and the gathering and transportation of natural gas. Unless the context otherwise requires, references in this Memorandum to UNIT include its predecessor as well as all or any of its subsidiaries.

Officers, Directors and Key Employees

The Partnership will have no directors or officers. The directors of the General Partner are elected annually and serve until their successors are elected and qualified. Directors of UNIT are elected at the Annual Meeting of Shareholders for a staggered term of three years each, or until their successors are duly elected and qualified. The executive officers of the General Partner are elected by and serve at the pleasure of its Board of Directors. The names, ages and respective positions of the directors and executive officers of UNIT are as follows:

 

Name

   Age     

Position

King P. Kirchner

   80      Director

John G. Nikkel

   72      Chairman of the Board

Larry D. Pinkston

   53      President, Chief Executive Officer and Director

Mark E. Schell

   50      Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel

David T. Merrill

   46      Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer

 

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Name

   Age     

Position

William B. Morgan

   63      Director

Don Cook

   82      Director

John H. Williams

   89      Director

J. Michael Adcock

   58      Director

Gary R. Christopher

   58      Director

Robert J. Sullivan, Jr.

   62      Director

The names, ages and respective positions of the directors and executive officers of UPC are as follows:

 

Name

   Age     

Position

Larry D. Pinkston

   53      President and Director

Mark E. Schell

   50      Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel and Director

Mr. Kirchner, a co-founder of UNIT, has been a director since 1963. He served as Unit’s President until November, 1983, as its Chief Executive Officer until June 30, 2001, and served as the Chairman of the Board until July 31, 2003. Mr. Kirchner is a Registered Professional Engineer within the State of Oklahoma, having received degrees in Mechanical Engineering from Oklahoma State University and in Petroleum Engineering, with honors, from the University of Oklahoma. Following graduation, he was employed by Lufkin Manufacturing as a development engineer for hydraulic pumping units. Prior to co-founding Unit, he served in the U.S. Army during the Korean War and after that as vice-president engineering and operations for Woolaroc Oil Company.

Mr. Nikkel joined UNIT as its President, Chief Operating Officer and a director in 1983. He was elected its Chief Executive Officer in July, 2001 and Chairman of the Board in August, 2003. Mr. Nikkel retired as an employee and as the Chief Executive Officer of the company on April 1, 2005. He currently holds the position of Chairman of the Board. From 1976 until January, 1982 when he co-founded Nike Exploration Company, Mr. Nikkel was an officer and director of Cotton Petroleum Corporation, serving as the President of Cotton from 1979 until his departure. Before joining Cotton, Mr. Nikkel was employed by Amoco Production Company for 18 years, last serving as Division Geologist for Amoco’s Denver Division. Mr. Nikkel presently serves as President and a director of Nike Exploration Company, a family owned oil and gas investment company. Mr. Nikkel received a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology and Mathematics from Texas Christian University.

Mr. Pinkston joined UNIT in December, 1981. He had served as Corporate Budget Director and Assistant Controller before being appointed Controller in February, 1985. In December, 1986, he was elected Treasurer and was elected to the position of Vice President and Chief Financial Officer in May, 1989. In August, 2003, he was elected to the position of President. He was elected a director by the Board in January, 2004. In February, 2004, in addition to his position as President, he was elected to the office of Chief Operating Officer. Effective April 1, 2005, Mr. Pinkston was elected to the additional position of Chief Executive Officer. He holds a Bachelor of Science Degree in Accounting from East Central University of Oklahoma and is a Certified Public Accountant.

Mr. Schell joined UNIT in January, 1987, as its Secretary and General Counsel. In December, 2002, he was elected to the additional position of Senior Vice President. From 1979 until joining UNIT, Mr. Schell was Counsel, Vice President and a member of the Board of Directors of C&S Exploration, Inc. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Political Science from Arizona State University and his Juris Doctorate degree from the University of Tulsa Law School. He is a member of the Oklahoma and American Bar Association as well as being a member of the American Corporate Counsel Association.

 

30


Mr. Merrill joined UNIT in August, 2003 as Vice President, Finance. From May, 1999 through August, 2003, Mr. Merrill served as Senior Vice President, Finance with TV Guide Networks, Inc. From July, 1996 through May, 1999 he was a Senior Manager with Deloitte & Touche LLP. From July, 1994 through July, 1996 he was Director of Financial Reporting and Special Projects for MAPCO, Inc. He began his career as an auditor with Deloitte, Haskins & Sells in 1983. Mr. Merrill received a Bachelor of Business Administration Degree in Accounting from the University of Oklahoma and is a Certified Public Accountant. In February, 2004 he was elected to the position of Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer.

Mr. Morgan was elected a director of UNIT in 1988. Mr. Morgan is Executive Vice President and General Counsel of St. John Health System, Inc., Tulsa, Oklahoma, and the President of its principal for-profit subsidiary Utica Services, Inc. Prior to joining St. John, he was a Partner in the law firm of Doerner, Saunders, Daniel & Anderson, Tulsa, Oklahoma, and served as Adjunct Professor of Law at the University of Tulsa College of Law, where he taught Securities Regulation. During 1968 and 1969, he served as a Unit States Army Officer in Vietnam and was awarded several medals including the Bronze Star. Mr. Morgan has an undergraduate degree from Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania and a Juris Doctor from the University of Tulsa College of Law. Mr. Morgan is a member of numerous professional and Bar associations and various federal Bars including the United States Supreme Court. He has been listed in Who’s Who in American Law, Who’s Who in American Education and The Best Lawyers in America . Mr. Morgan is a Fellow of the American College of Healthcare Executives.

Mr. Cook has served as a director of UNIT since Unit’s inception. He was a partner in the accounting firm of Finley & Cook, Shawnee, Oklahoma, from 1950 until 1987, when he retired. Mr. Cook has been designated by the company’s board of directors as the Audit Committee’s financial expert.

Mr. Williams was elected a director of UNIT in December, 1988. Mr. Williams is engaged in personal investments and has been for more than five years. He was Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer of The Williams Companies, Inc. before retiring in 1978 and continues to serve as an honorary director. Mr. Williams is a director of Apco Argentina, Inc. and also an honorary director of Willbros Group, Inc. He formerly served as a director of Petrolera Entre Lomas S.A. In addition, Mr. Williams is a member of the Tulsa Performing Arts Center Trust.

Mr. Adcock was elected a director of UNIT in December, 1997. He is an attorney and currently a Co-trustee of the Don Bodard Trust, which is a private business trust that deals in real estate, oil and natural gas properties and other equity investments. He is Chairman of the Board of Arvest Bank, Shawnee, and a director of Community Health Partners, Inc. Between 1997 and September, 1998 he was the Chairman of the Board of Ameribank and President and Chief Executive Officer of American National Bank and Trust Company of Shawnee, Oklahoma, and Chairman of AmeriTrust Corporation, Tulsa, Oklahoma. Prior to holding these positions, he was engaged in the private practice of law and served as General Counsel for Ameribank Corporation.

Mr. Gary R. Christopher was elected a director of UNIT in July of 2005. Since January 2004, has been engaged in personal investments and consulting. Between August, 1999 and January, 2004, he served as President and Chief Executive Officer of PetroCorp Incorporated (a public oil and gas exploration company), and from March 1996 to August 1999 he served as the Acquisition Coordinator of Kaiser-Francis Oil Company. His other past professional experience includes serving as Vice President of Acquisitions for Indian Wells Oil Company, Senior Vice President and Manager of the Energy Lending Division of First National Bank of Tulsa and from 1991 to 1996 Senior Vice President and Manager of Energy Lending for Bank of Oklahoma. Previous to that, Mr. Christopher worked for Amerada Hess Corporation as a Reservoir Engineer and for Texaco, Inc. as a Production Engineer. Mr. Christopher is a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers, and the Oklahoma Independent Petroleum Association. Mr. Christopher received a B.S. degree in Petroleum Engineering from the University of Missouri at Rolla. Mr. Christopher is a past Director of the Petroleum Club of Tulsa, Middle Bay Oil Company, Three Tech Energy, PetroCorp Incorporated and a present Director of the Summit Bank of Oklahoma.

Mr. Robert J. Sullivan Jr. was elected a director of UNIT in July of 2005. He is a Principal with Sullivan and Company LLC, a family-owned independent oil and gas exploration and production company founded in 1958. He is also the Founder (1989) and served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Lumen Energy Corporation

 

31


prior to its sale in 2004. Mr. Sullivan was appointed to Oklahoma Governor Frank Keating’s Cabinet as Secretary of Energy in March, 2002. He received a BBA from the University of Notre Dame, and a MBA from the University of Michigan. Mr. Sullivan is a Board Member of the Oklahoma Independent Petroleum Association, Oklahoma Energy Resources Board, St. John Medical Center, St. Joseph Residence, University of Notre Dame Alumni Association, and former Board Member of Catholic Charities and Gatesway Foundation. He also is Trustee for the Monte Cassino Endowment Trust, a Member of the University of Notre Dame, Graduate School Advisory Council and Past Chairman of the following School Boards: Cascia Hall Preparatory School; Monte Cassino School and School of St. Mary.

Prior Employee Programs

Since 1984, UNIT has formed limited partnerships for investment by certain of its key employees and directors that participate with UNIT in its exploration and production operations. The name, month of formation and amount of limited partner capital subscriptions of each of these limited partnerships (the “Employee Programs” ) are set forth below.

 

Name

  

Formed

   Limited
Partners’
Capital
Subscriptions

Unit 1984 Employee Oil and Gas Program

   April 1984    $ 348,000

Unit 1985 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 1985    $ 378,000

Unit 1986 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 1986    $ 307,000

Unit 1987 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   March 1987    $ 209,000

Unit 1988 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   April 29, 1988    $ 177,000

Unit 1989 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   December 30, 1988    $ 157,000

Unit 1990 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 19, 1990    $ 253,000

Unit 1991 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 7, 1991    $ 263,000

Unit 1992 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 23, 1992    $ 240,000

Unit 1993 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 21, 1993    $ 245,000

Unit 1994 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 19, 1994    $ 284,000

Unit 1995 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   March 7, 1995    $ 454,000

Unit 1996 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 5, 1996    $ 437,000

Unit 1997 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 4, 1997    $ 413,000

Unit 1998 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 19, 1998    $ 471,000

Unit 1999 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 22, 1999    $ 188,000

Unit 2000 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 22, 2000    $ 199,000

Unit 2001 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 9, 2001    $ 370,000

Unit 2002 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 30, 2002    $ 457,000

Unit 2003 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 31, 2003    $ 284,000

Unit 2004 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 18, 2004    $ 434,000

Unit 2005 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   January 26, 2005    $ 496,000

Unit 2006 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 2, 2006    $ 767,000

Unit 2007 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

   February 6, 2007    $ 946,000

 

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One-half of the capital subscriptions from all limited partners were required to be paid in the 1984 Employee Program, three-fourths of the capital subscriptions from all limited partners were required to be paid in the 1985 Employee Program and the 1986 Employee Program. All of the capital subscriptions from all limited partners, including those shown below, were required to be paid in the 1987 through 2007 Employee Programs. The capital subscriptions of the following limited partners to the 2004, 2005 and 2006 Employee Programs were as shown below:

 

Subscriber

  

Position with

UNIT

        Amount of Capital
Subscription
         2005    2006    2007

King P. Kirchner (1)

   Director       $ 40,000    $ 40,000    $ 100,000

John G. Nikkel (2)

   Chairman of the Board       $ 150,000    $ 200,000    $ 250,000

 

(1) Mr. Kirchner invested in these programs through the King P. Kirchner Revocable Trust as permitted by the limited partnership agreement of those Employee Programs.
(2) Mr. Nikkel invested in programs both directly and through Nike Exploration Company. Mr. Nikkel and members of his family are the sole owners of Nike Exploration Company. The amounts invested directly and indirectly through Nike Exploration Company in the 2005, 2006 and 2007 Employee Programs by Mr. Nikkel were as follows:

 

Employee

Program

   Mr. Nikkel
Directly
   Nike Exploration
Company

2005

   $ 150,000    $ 0

2006

   $ 200,000    $ 0

2007

   $ 250,000    $ 0

Ownership of Common Stock

UNIT’s Common Stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange as reported on the Composite Tape. On December 3, 2007 there were 46,836,323 shares outstanding.

As of December 3, 2006, the directors and officers of UNIT owned of record or beneficially owned shares of UNIT Common Stock as follows:

 

Name

   Amount of
Beneficial
Ownership  (1)
    % of
Outstanding  (1)
 

King P. Kirchner

   155,720     *  

John H. Williams

   25,500     *  

Don Cook

   38,118     *  

John G. Nikkel

   254,627     *  

Larry D. Pinkston

   104,466     *  

Mark E. Schell

   88,185     *  

William B. Morgan

   32,000     *  

J. Michael Adcock

   32,291     *  

Gary R. Christopher

   10,000     *  

Robert J. Sullivan, Jr.

   7,000     *  

David T. Merrill

   15,859     *  
        

All Officers and Directors as a Group

   763,766 (2)(3)(4)(5)(6)   1.62 %

 

* Less than 1%

 

33


(1) The number of shares includes the shares presently issued and outstanding plus the number of shares which any owner has the right to acquire within 60 days after December 3, 2007. For purposes of calculating the percent of the shares outstanding held by each owner, the total number of shares excludes the shares which all other persons have the right to acquire within 60 days after December 3, 2007 pursuant to the exercise of currently exercisable stock options.
(2) Includes shares of common stock held under UNIT’s 401(k) thrift plan as of December 3, 2007 for the account of: David T. Merrill, 1,233; Larry D. Pinkston, 4,830; and Mark E. Schell, 32,682.
(3) Includes unexercised stock options granted under UNIT’s Non-Employee Directors’ Stock Option Plan to each of the following, all of which are currently exercisable at the discretion of the holder: J. Michael Adcock, 7,000; Don Cook, 28,000; William B. Morgan, 27,000; John H. Williams, 24,500; John G. Nikkel, 10,500; Gary R. Christopher 7,000; Robert J. Sullivan, Jr. 7,000; and King P. Kirchner 21,000 shares and all Non-Employee Directors as a group, 139,000.
(4) Includes unexercised stock options granted under UNIT’s Amended and Restated Stock Option Plan to each of the following, all of which are exercisable within 60 days from December 3, 2007 at the discretion of the holder: David T. Merrill, 9,400; Larry D. Pinkston, 41,000; and Mark E. Schell, 38,100.
(5) Of the shares shown, Mr. J. Michael Adcock is deemed to be the beneficial owner of 17,491 shares by virtue of his position as one of three trustees of the Don Bodard 1995 Revocable Trust.
(6) Includes the following unvested shares of restricted stock granted to each of the following which will vest within 60 days from December 3, 2007: David T. Merrill, 2,186; Larry D. Pinkston, 7,599; and Mark E. Schell, 2,397.
(7) Includes the following shares of stock appreciation rights granted to each of the following which are exercisable within 60 days from December 3, 2007 at the discretion of the holder: David T. Merrill, 1,977; Larry D. Pinkston, 7,906; and Mark E. Schell, 2,174.

Interest of Management in Certain Transactions

Reference is made to “COMPENSATION” for a discussion of the compensation for supervision and operation of productive wells and the reimbursement of overhead expenses attributable to the Partnership’s operations to which UNIT is entitled under the terms of the Partnership Agreement.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

There will be situations in which the individual interests of the General Partner and the Limited Partners will conflict. Although the General Partner is obligated to deal fairly and in good faith with the Limited Partners and conduct Partnership operations using the standards of a prudent operator in the oil and gas industry, such conflicts may not in every instance be resolved to the maximum advantage of the Limited Partners. Certain circumstances which will or may involve potential conflicts of interest are as follows:

 

   

The General Partner currently manages and in the future will sponsor and manage oil and natural gas drilling programs similar to the Partnership.

 

   

The General Partner will decide which prospects the Partnership will acquire.

 

   

The General Partner will act as operator for Partnership Wells and will, through its affiliates, furnish drilling and/or marketing services with respect to Partnership Wells, the terms of which have not been negotiated by non-affiliated persons.

 

   

The General Partner is a general partner of numerous other partnerships, and owes duties of good faith dealing to such other partnerships.

 

34


   

The General Partner and its affiliates engage in drilling, operating and producing activities for other partnerships.

Acquisition of Properties and Drilling Operations

With certain limited exceptions it is anticipated that the Partnership will participate in each producing property, if any, acquired by the General Partner and in the drilling of each of the wells, if any, commenced by the General Partner for its own account during the period commencing January 1, 2008, or from the formation of the Partnership if subsequent to January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2008 except for wells:

 

  (i) drilled outside the 48 contiguous United States;

 

  (ii) drilled as part of secondary or tertiary recovery operations which were in existence prior to formation of the Partnership;

 

  (iii) drilled by third parties under farm-out or similar arrangements with UNIT or the General Partner or whereby UNIT or the General Partner may be entitled to an overriding royalty, reversionary or other similar interest in the production from such wells but is not obligated to pay any of the Drilling Costs thereof;

 

  (iv) acquired by UNIT or the General Partner through the acquisition by UNIT or the General Partner of, or merger of UNIT or the General Partner with, other companies; or

 

  (v) with respect to which the General Partner does not believe that the potential economic return therefrom justifies the costs and participation by the Partnership.

As a result, the Partnership may have an interest in wells located on prospects on which producing wells have been drilled by UNIT or the General Partner in prior years. Likewise, it is possible that the Partnership will participate in the drilling of initial wells on prospects on which some or all of the development or offset wells will be drilled in years subsequent to 2008. In the latter case, the Partnership would have no right to participate in the drilling of such development or offset wells.

Sometimes UNIT will agree to participate in drilling operations on a prospect which it may not believe are fully warranted from an economic standpoint if it believes that such participation is necessary for, or will significantly increase its chances of, obtaining a contract to drill the well with one of its drilling rigs and the revenues from the contract make the economics of the entire arrangement desirable from UNIT’s standpoint. In such an instance, the Partnership would not be entitled to any of the drilling contract revenues so the General Partner will not cause the Partnership to participate in such a well. However, an analysis of the economic potential of any proposed well is a very inexact science and wells which have a very high potential commonly prove to be dry or only marginally profitable and occasionally a well with apparently very little promise may prove to be very profitable. Thus, there can be no assurance that the General Partner will always make the most profitable decision from the Partnership’s standpoint in determining in which of such potential wells the Partnership should or should not participate.

Because the Partnership will acquire an interest only in those properties comprising the spacing unit on which each Partnership Well is located, it will not be entitled to participate in other wells drilled by the General Partner, UNIT or any of its affiliates in the same prospect area unless the drilling of those wells commences during the period from January 1, 2008, or from the formation of the Partnership if subsequent to January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2008. If the size of a spacing unit in which the Partnership has an interest is reduced, the Partnership will have no interest in any additional well drilled on the property comprising the original spacing unit unless it is commenced during the period from January 1, 2008, or from the formation of the Partnership if subsequent to January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2008. Likewise the Partnership would have no interest in any increased density wells drilled on the original spacing unit unless such wells were drilled during 2008. In addition, if additional interests are acquired in wells participated in by the Partnership after 2008, the Partnership will generally not be entitled to participate in the acquisition of such additional interests. Management believes that the apparent conflicts of interest arising from these situations are mitigated by the fact that the Partnership is expected to participate in all of UNIT’s drilling operations (with the exceptions noted above) conducted during the period. Thus, there is little opportunity for the General Partner to selectively choose Partnership drilling locations

 

35


for the purpose of proving up other properties of UNIT or its affiliates in which the Partnership has no interest. Further, the Partnership will benefit in many instances by its participation in the drilling of wells located on prospects previously proved up by drilling operations conducted by UNIT prior to formation of the Partnership.

Participation in UNIT’s Drilling or Income Programs

If UNIT forms any drilling or income programs in 2008, it is anticipated that the Partnership will serve as a co-general partner with UNIT in any such drilling or income programs, or both. As the other co-general partner of any such drilling or income program, UNIT would have exclusive management and control over the business, operations and affairs of the drilling or income program. Conflicts of interest may arise between the limited partners and the general partners of such drilling or income program and it is possible that UNIT may elect to resolve those conflicts in favor of the limited partners. Further, if any such drilling or income program is offered publicly, the program agreement will be required to contain a number of provisions concerning the conduct of program operations and handling conflicts of interests required by the Guidelines for the Registration of Oil and Gas Programs adopted by the North American Securities Administrators Association, Inc. Such provisions may significantly reduce the flexibility of UNIT in managing such programs or may affect the profitability of the program operations or the transactions between the general partners and the program.

Transfer of Properties

The General Partner or its affiliates are authorized to transfer interests in oil and gas properties to the Partnership, in which case the General Partner or its affiliate will receive an amount equal to the Leasehold Acquisition Costs attributable to the interests being acquired by the Partnership in the spacing unit on which the Partnership Well is located or is to be drilled. The amount of the Leasehold Acquisition Costs attributable to the fractional undivided interest in a property transferred to the Partnership by the General Partner or any affiliate shall not be reduced or offset by the amount of any gain or profit the General Partner or its affiliate might have realized by any prior sale or transfer of a fractional undivided interest in the property to an unaffiliated third party for a price in excess of the portion of the Leasehold Acquisition Costs of the property that is attributable to the transferred interest. The Partnership will not be reimbursed for or refunded any Leasehold Acquisition Costs if the size of a spacing unit on which a Partnership Well is located or drilled is reduced even though the Partnership will have no interest in any subsequent wells drilled on the area encompassed by the original spacing unit unless they are commenced during 2008.

A sale, transfer or conveyance to the Partnership of less than all of the ownership of the General Partner or its affiliates in any interest or property is prohibited unless:

 

  (1) the interest retained by the General Partner or its affiliates is a proportionate working interest;

 

  (2) the obligations of the Partnership with respect to the properties will be substantially the same proportionately as those of the General Partner or its affiliates at the time it acquired the properties; and

 

  (3) the Partnership’s interest in revenues will not be less than the proportionate interest therein of the General Partner or its affiliates when it acquired the properties.

With respect to the General Partner or its affiliates’ remaining interest, it may retain such interest for its own account or it may sell, transfer, farm-out or otherwise convey all or a portion of such remaining interest to non-affiliated industry members, which may occur either before or after the transfer of the interests in the same properties to the Partnership. The General Partner or its affiliates may realize a profit on the interests or may be carried to some extent with respect to its cost obligations in connection with any drilling on such properties and any such profit or interests will be strictly for the account of the General Partner or its affiliates and the Partnership will have no claim with respect thereto. The General Partner or its affiliates may not retain any overrides or other burdens on the property conveyed to the Partnership (other than overriding royalty interests granted to geologists and other persons employed or retained by the General Partner or its affiliates) and may not enter into any farm-out arrangements with respect to its retained interest except to non-affiliated third parties or other programs managed by the General Partner or its affiliates.

 

36


Partnership Assets

The General Partner will not take any action with respect to assets or property of the Partnership which does not benefit primarily the Partnership as a whole. The General Partner will not utilize the funds of the Partnership as compensating balances for the benefit of the General Partner or its affiliates. All benefits from marketing arrangements or other relationships affecting property of the Partnership will be fairly and equitably apportioned according to the respective interests of the Partnership and the General Partner.

The Partnership Agreement provides that when the Partnership is terminated, there will be an accounting with respect to its assets, liabilities and accounts. The Partnership’s physical property and its oil and gas properties may be sold for cash. Except in the case of an election by the General Partner to terminate the Partnership before the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date, Partnership Properties may be sold to the General Partner or any of its affiliates for their fair market value as determined in good faith by the General Partner.

Transactions with the General Partner or Affiliates

UNIT provides through its subsidiary Unit Drilling Company contract drilling services in the ordinary course of its business. UNIT also owns Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C. which is engaged in the business of buying and building gas gathering systems. It is anticipated that the Partnership will obtain services, equipment and supplies from one or all of such persons. In addition, UNIT may supply other goods or services to the Partnership. The terms of any contracts or agreements between the Partnership and UNIT or any affiliate will be no less favorable to the Partnership than those of comparable contracts or agreements entered into, and will be at prices not in excess of (or in the case of purchases of production, less than) those charged in the same geographical area, by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arm’s length.

For its services as a drilling contractor, Unit Drilling Company will charge the Partnership on either a daywork (a specified per day rate for each day a drilling rig is on the drill site), a footage (a specified rate per foot drilled) or a turnkey (specified amount for drilling the well) basis. The rate charged by Unit Drilling Company for such services will be the same as those offered to unaffiliated third parties in the same or similar geographic areas.

Right of Presentment Price Determination

Under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, a Limited Partner can, subject to certain conditions, require the General Partner to purchase his or her Units at a price determined by the application of a stated formula to the estimated future net revenues attributable to the Partnership’s estimated proved reserves. See “TERMS OF THE OFFERING — Right of Presentment.” It is anticipated that if an independent engineering firm makes an evaluation of the proved reserves of the Partnership, the result of that evaluation will be used in determining the price to be paid to a Limited Partner exercising his or her right of presentment. However, if no such independent evaluation is made, the right of presentment purchase price will be determined by using the proved reserves and future net revenue estimates of the technical staff of the General Partner.

Receipt of Compensation Regardless of Profitability

The General Partner is entitled to receive its fees and other compensation and reimbursements from the Partnership regardless of whether the Partnership operates at a profit or loss. See “PARTICIPATION IN COSTS AND REVENUES” and “COMPENSATION.” Such fees, compensation and reimbursements will decrease the Limited Partners’ share of any profits generated by operations of the Partnership or increase losses if such operations should prove unprofitable.

Legal Counsel

Conner & Winters, LLP serves as special legal counsel for the General Partner. Such firm has performed legal services for the General Partner and UNIT and is expected to render legal services to the Partnership. Although such firm has indicated its intention to withdraw from representation of the Partnership if conflicts of interest do in fact arise, there can be no assurance that representation of both the General Partner or UNIT and the Partnership by such firm will not be disadvantageous to the Partnership.

 

37


FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY

General

Under Oklahoma law, the General Partner will have a fiduciary duty to the Limited Partners and consequently must exercise good faith, fairness and loyalty in the handling of the Partnership’s affairs. The General Partner must provide Limited Partners (or their representatives) with timely and full information concerning matters affecting the business of the Partnership. Each Limited Partner may inspect the Partnership’s books and records on reasonable prior notice. The nature of the fiduciary duties of general partners is an evolving area of law and prospective investors who have questions concerning the duties of the General Partner should consult with their counsel.

Regardless of the fiduciary obligations of the General Partner, the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates, subject to any restrictions or requirements set forth in the Agreement, may:

 

   

engage independently of the Partnership in all aspects of the oil and gas business, either for their own accounts or for the accounts of others;

 

   

sell interests in oil and gas properties held by them to, purchase oil and gas production from, and engage in other transactions with, the Partnership;

 

   

serve as general partner of other oil and gas drilling or income partnerships, including those which may be in competition with the Partnership; and

 

   

engage in other activities that may involve conflicts of interest.

See “CONFLICTS OF INTEREST.” Thus, unlike the strict duty of a fiduciary who must act solely in the best interests of his or her beneficiary, the Agreement permits the General Partner to consider, among other things, the interests of other partnerships sponsored by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates in resolving investment and other conflicts of interest. The foregoing provisions permit the General Partner to conduct its own operations and to act as the general partner of more than one similar partnership or investment program and for the Partnership to benefit from its experience resulting therefrom, but relieves the General Partner of the strict fiduciary duty of a general partner acting as such for only one investment program at a time. These provisions are primarily intended to reconcile the applicable duties under Oklahoma law with the fact that the General Partner will manage and administer its own oil and gas operations and a number of other oil and gas investment programs with which possible conflicts of interests may arise and resolve such conflicts in a manner consistent with the expectation of the investors in all such programs, the General Partner’s fiduciary duties and customary business practices and statutes applicable thereto.

Liability and Indemnification

The Agreement provides that the General Partner will perform its duties in an efficient and businesslike manner with due caution and in accordance with established practices of the oil and gas industry. The Agreement further provides that the General Partner and its affiliates will not be liable to the Partnership or the Partners, and will be indemnified by the Partnership, for any expense (including attorney fees), loss or damage incurred by reason of any act or omission performed or omitted in good faith in a manner reasonably believed by the General Partner or its affiliates to be within the scope of authority and in the best interest of the Partnership or the Partners unless the General Partner or its affiliates is guilty of gross negligence or willful misconduct. While not totally certain under Oklahoma law, absent specific provisions in the partnership agreement to the contrary, a general partner of a limited partnership may be liable to its limited partners if it fails to conduct the partnership affairs with the same amount of care which ordinarily prudent persons would use in similar circumstances. Consequently, the Agreement may be viewed as requiring a lesser standard of duty and care than what Oklahoma law might otherwise require of the General Partner.

Any claim against the Partnership for indemnification must be satisfied only out of Partnership assets including insurance proceeds, if any, and none of the Limited Partners will have personal liability therefore.

 

38


The Limited Partners may have more limited rights of action than they would have absent the liability and indemnification provisions above. Moreover, indemnification enforced by the General Partner under such provisions will reduce the assets of the Partnership. It should be noted, however, that it is the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission ( “Commission” ) that any attempt to limit the liability of a general partner or to indemnify a general partner under the federal securities laws is contrary to public policy and, therefore, unenforceable. The General Partner has been advised of the position of the Commission.

Generally, the Limited Partners’ remedy for the General Partner’s breach of a fiduciary duty will be to bring a legal action against the General Partner to recover any damages, generally measured by the benefits earned by the General Partner as a result of the fiduciary breach. Additionally, Limited Partners may also be able to obtain other forms of relief, including injunctive relief. The Act provides that a limited partner may bring an action in the name of a limited partnership (a partnership derivative action) to recover a judgment in its favor if general partners with authority to do so have refused to bring the action or if an effort to cause such general partners to bring the action is not likely to succeed.

PRIOR ACTIVITIES

UNIT has been engaged in oil and gas exploration and development operations since late 1974 and has conducted oil and gas drilling programs using the limited partnership format since 1979. The following table depicts the drilling results achieved as of September 30, 2007 by UNIT during each year since 1975. Because of the unpredictability of oil and gas exploration in general, such results should not be considered indicative of the results that may be achieved by the Partnership.

 

       Gross Wells (2)    Net Wells (3)

Year Ended December 31 (1)

   Total    Oil    Gas    Dry    Total    Oil    Gas    Dry

1975 Exploratory

   2    0    2    0    .01    0    .01    0

Development

   4    0    2    2    .07    0    .03    .04
                                       
   6    0    4    2    .08    0    .04    .04

1976 Exploratory

   1    0    0    1    .01    0    0    .01

Development

   8    0    6    2    .29    0    .28    .01
                                       
   9    0    6    3    .30    0    .28    .02

1977 Exploratory

   9    0    3    6    1.50    0    .45    1.05

Development

   16    0    9    7    2.00    0    .70    1.30
                                       
   25    0    12    13    3.50    0    1.15    2.35

1978 Exploratory

   8    1    1    6    1.17    .34    .15    .68

Development

   26    0    13    13    2.64    0    .76    1.88
                                       
   34    1    14    19    3.81    .34    .91    2.56

1979 Exploratory

   10    0    5    5    1.40    0    .76    .64

Development

   16    1    8    7    1.99    .06    .95    .98
                                       
   26    1    13    12    3.39    .06    1.71    1.62

1980 Exploratory

   1    0    1    0    1.28    0    .23    1.05

Development

   10    0    8    2    3.13    0    .85    2.28
                                       
   11    0    9    2    4.41    0    1.08    3.33

1981 Exploratory

   14    1    4    9    1.12    .02    .16    .94

Development

   66    18    29    19    7.38    2.96    1.77    2.65
                                       

Total

   80    19    33    28    8.50    2.98    1.93    3.59

1982 Exploratory

   40    5    9    26    3.39    .60    .32    2.47

Development

   100    22    51    27    11.70    4.70    2.71    4.29
                                       

Total

   140    27    60    53    15.09    5.30    3.03    6.76

1983 Exploratory

   6    2    0    4    1.31    .72    0    .59

Development

   72    18    26    28    8.01    3.45    1.17    3.39
                                       

Total

   78    20    26    32    9.32    4.17    1.17    3.98

 

39


       Gross Wells (2)    Net Wells (3)

Year Ended December 31 (1)

   Total    Oil    Gas    Dry    Total    Oil    Gas    Dry

1984 Exploratory

   2    1    1    0    .52    .49    .03    0

Development

   50    15    22    13    6.81    3.42    2.74    .65
                                       

Total

   52    16    23    13    7.33    3.91    2.77    .65

1985 Exploratory

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Development

   38    11    16    11    8.32    2.89    2.39    3.04
                                       

Total

   38    11    16    11    8.32    2.89    2.39    3.04

1986 Exploratory

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Development

   21    4    6    11    3.85    .81    1.01    2.03
                                       

Total

   21    4    6    11    3.85    .81    1.01    2.03

1987 Exploratory

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Development

   46    23    10    13    11.91    7.95    1.76    2.34
                                       

Total

   46    23    10    13    11.91    7.95    1.76    2.34

1988 Exploratory

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Development

   39    20    10    9    22.56    14.77    4.05    3.74
                                       

Total

   39    20    10    9    22.56    14.77    4.05    3.74

1989 Exploratory

   3    0    1    2    1.97    0    .47    1.50

Development

   40    12    15    13    18.83    8.81    4.13    5.89
                                       

Total

   43    12    16    15    20.80    8.81    4.60    7.39

1990 Exploratory

   5    0    2    3    1.22    0    .12    1.10

Development

   35    11    14    10    16.53    8.38    3.52    4.63
                                       

Total

   40    11    16    13    17.75    8.38    3.64    5.73

1991 Exploratory

   4    0    0    4    .82    0    0    .82

Development

   28    10    9    9    15.88    8.61    3.91    3.36
                                       

Total

   32    10    9    13    16.70    8.61    3.91    4.18

1992 Exploratory

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Development

   18    1    11    6    5.81    1.00    3.33    1.48
                                       

Total

   18    1    11    6    5.81    1.00    3.33    1.48

1993 Exploratory

   1    0    0    1    .10    0    0    .10

Development

   16    9    6    1    12.48    8.98    3.32    .18
                                       

Total

   17    9    6    2    12.58    8.98    3.32    .28

1994 Exploratory

   3    0    1    2    1.71    0    .95    .76

Development

   57    5    40    12    25.79    4.75    14.14    6.90
                                       

Total

   60    5    41    14    27.50    4.75    15.09    7.66

1995 Exploratory

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Development

   45    15    24    6    14.94    4.67    8.04    2.23
                                       

Total

   45    15    24    6    14.94    4.67    8.04    2.23

1996 Exploratory

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Development

   70    10    51    9    32.09    7.61    20.09    4.39
                                       

Total

   70    10    51    9    32.09    7.61    20.09    4.39

1997 Exploratory

   2    0    0    2    2.00    0    0    2.00

Development

   80    8    58    14    35.94    4.35    23.29    8.30
                                       

Total

   82    8    58    16    37.94    4.35    23.29    10.30

1998 Exploratory

   2    0    1    1    .63    0    .375    .26

Development

   76    3    52    21    30.17    .31    18.750    11.11
                                       

Total

   78    3    53    22    30.80    .31    19.125    11.37

1999 Exploratory

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Development

   51    1    42    8    21.8    .4    17.4    4.0
                                       

Total

   51    1    42    8    21.8    .4    17.4    4.0

 

40


       Gross Wells (2)    Net Wells (3)

Year Ended December 31 (1)

   Total    Oil    Gas    Dry    Total    Oil    Gas    Dry

2000 Exploratory

   2    0    2    0    1.72    0    1.72    0

Development

   98    7    73    18    38.37    1.45    28.55    8.37
                                       

Total

   100    7    75    18    40.09    1.45    30.27    8.37

2001 Exploratory

   3    0    0    3    2.03    0    0    2.03

Development

   123    7    94    22    49.94    1.08    34.12    14.74
                                       

Total

   126    7    94    25    51.97    1.08    34.12    16.77

2002 Exploratory

   6    0    2    4    1.34    0    .90    .44

Development

   91    4    63    24    47.15    1.92    29.71    15.52
                                       

Total

   97    4    65    28    48.49    1.92    30.61    15.96

2003 Exploratory

   4    1    3    0    2.40    .20    2.20    0

Development

   145    5    119    21    59.17    2.13    44.31    12.73
                                       

Total

   149    6    122    21    61.57    2.33    46.51    12.73

2004 Exploratory

   14    1    7    6    6.29    .98    2.75    2.56

Development

   156    18    114    24    65.11    7.33    45.28    12.50
                                       

Total

   170    19    121    30    71.40    8.31    48.03    15.06

2005 Exploratory

   8    1    5    2    3.91    .32    1.59    2.00

Development

   184    17    154    13    68.37    5.68    56.93    5.76
                                       

Total

   192    18    159    15    72.28    6.00    58.52    7.76

2006 Exploratory

   10    0    4    6    4.94    0    2.21    2.73

Development

   234    12    198    24    81.02    2.71    68.19    10.12
                                       

Total

   244    12    202    30    85.96    2.71    70.40    12.85

Period of January 1, 2007 to September 30, 2007

                       

2007 Exploratory

   13    1    6    6    6.92    0.20    4.00    2.72

Development

   159    10    130    19    53.31    2.98    42.10    8.23
                                       

Total

   172    11    136    25    60.23    3.00    46.10    10.95

 

(1) Except as indicated, the figures used in this table relate to wells drilled and completed during each of the 12 month periods ended July 31 or December 31, as the case may be. Oil wells and gas wells shown include both producing wells and wells capable of production.
(2) “Gross Wells” refers to the total number of wells in which there was participation by UNIT.
(3) “Net Wells” refers to the aggregate leasehold working interest of UNIT in such wells. For example, a 50% leasehold working interest in a well drilled represents 1.0 Gross Well, but a .50 Net Well.

Prior Employee Programs

During the period of 1979 to 1983, persons who were designated key employees of UNIT by its board of directors participated in the Unit Key Employee Exploration Funds (the “Funds” ). These Funds were formed as general partnerships for the purpose of participating in 10% of all of the exploration and development operations conducted by UNIT during a specified period. Except for the Fund formed in 1983, each of the prior Funds served as one of the general partners in at least one of the prior drilling programs sponsored by UNIT and was allocated 10% of the expenses and revenues allocable to the general partners as a group. In each of these Funds the costs charged to it in connection with its operations were financed with the proceeds of bank borrowings and out of the Funds’ share of revenues.

The 1983 Fund served as the sole capital limited partner in the Unit 1983-A Oil and Gas Program and as such made no contribution to the capital of that program and shared in 10% of the costs and revenues otherwise allocable to the General Partner after the distributions to the General Partner from the program equaled the amount of its contributions thereto plus UNIT’s interest costs with respect to the unrecovered amount of its contributions.

 

41


Because of the differences in structure, format and plan of operations between the prior Funds and the Partnership and because of the uncertainties which are inherent in oil and gas operations generally, the results achieved by the prior Funds should not be considered indicative of the results the Partnership may achieve.

For each year from 1984 through 2007, a separate Employee Program was formed as an Oklahoma limited partnership with UNIT or UPC as its sole general partner (UPC now serves as the sole general partner of each of these Employee Programs) and with eligible employees and directors of UNIT and its subsidiaries who subscribed for units therein as the limited partners. Each Employee Program participated on a proportionate basis (to the extent of 10% of the General Partner’s interest in each case except for the 1986 and 1987 Employee Programs, in which case the percentage participation was 15% and the 1992—2001 Employee Programs, in which case the percentage was 5% and the 2002 and 2003 Employee Programs in which case the percentage was 2 1/2% and 2005, 2006 and 2007 Employee Program in which case the percentage was 1%) in all of UNIT’s oil and gas exploration and development operations conducted during the calendar year for which the program was formed beginning with its date of formation if it was formed after January 1. Although the terms and provisions of these Employee Programs are virtually identical to those of the Partnership, because of the unpredictability of oil and gas exploration and development in general, the results for the Employee Programs shown below should not be considered indicative of the results that may be achieved by the Partnership.

As noted above, the Funds and the Employee Programs have participated in a specified percentage (ranging from 1% to 15%, depending on the program) of virtually all of UNIT’s or the General Partner’s exploration and development operations conducted since the latter half of 1979. Thus, the drilling results of these partnerships would be proportionate to those drilling results of UNIT for the periods beginning after the fiscal year ended July 31, 1979 shown above.

Results of the Prior Oil and Gas Programs

In each of the General Partner’s prior oil and gas programs other than the Unit 1983-A Oil and Gas Program and the Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, one of the prior Funds also served as a general partner. The 1983 Fund served as the sole capital limited partner of the Unit 1983-A Oil and Gas Program and the 1984 Employee Program serves as a general partner of the Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership. The Unit 1979 Oil and Gas Program was the first limited partnership drilling program of which UNIT was a sponsor. The revenue sharing terms of the 1979 Program was generally 70% to the limited partners and 30% to the general partners until 150% program payout at which time the revenues were to be shared 55% to the limited partners and 45% to the general partners. The 1979 Program was dissolved effective July 1, 2003. The revenue sharing terms of the Unit 1980 Oil and Gas Program were generally 60% to the limited partners and 40% to the general partners. The revenue sharing terms of the Unit 1981 Oil and Gas Program were generally 70% to the limited partners and 30% to the general partners until program payout and 50% to the limited partners and 50% to the general partners thereafter. The revenue sharing terms of the Unit 1981-II Oil and Gas Program, the Unit 1982-A Oil and Gas Program and the Unit 1982-B Oil and Gas Program (60% to the limited partners and 40% to the general partners) were substantially the same as those of the Unit 1983-A Oil and Gas Program and the Unit 1984 Oil and Gas Limited Partnership (65% to the limited partners and 35% to the general partner) except that the general partners’ cost percentage and the general partners’ revenue share in each of those prior programs could not be less than 25%. The following tables depict the drilling results at September 30, 2007, and the economic results at September 30, 2007 of prior oil and gas programs and the 1984—2007 Employee Programs. On September 12, 1986, in connection with a major restructuring and recapitalization, UNIT acquired all of the assets and liabilities of the programs formed during 1980 through 1983 and these programs have now been dissolved. Effective December 31, 1993, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 28, 1993, all of the assets and all of the liabilities of the 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1989 and 1990 Employee Programs were merged with and consolidated into a new Employee Program called the Unit Consolidated Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, an Oklahoma Limited Partnership which was formed November 30, 1993 (the “Consolidated Program” ). Effective December 31, 2002, pursuant to an Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated December 27, 2002, all of the assets and all of the liabilities of the 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, and 1999 Employee Programs were merged with and consolidated into to the Consolidated Program. The

 

42


Consolidated Program holds no assets other than those acquired in the mergers with the 1984 through 1999 Employee Programs. All of the Employee Programs formed since 2000 continue in existence. Certain of these programs have not completed all of their drilling and development operations. Moreover, because of the unpredictability of oil and gas exploration and development in general, the results shown below should not be considered indicative of the results that may be achieved by the Partnership.

DRILLING RESULTS

As of September 30, 2007

 

Programs

   Gross Wells    Net Wells
   Total    Oil    Gas    Dry    Total    Oil    Gas    Dry

1979 (1)

 

Exploratory Wells

   6    0    2    4    2.43    0.00    0.65    1.78
 

Development Wells

   21    16    1    4    17.28    14.14    0.03    3.11
                                         
 

Total

   27    16    3    8    19.71    14.14    0.68    4.89

1980 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   15    2    5    8    5.65    0.50    2.14    3.01
 

Development Wells

   32    5    15    12    12.77    1.17    5.75    5.85
                                         
 

Total

   47    7    20    20    18.42    1.67    7.89    8.86

1981 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   11    1    4    6    4.61    0.33    0.88    3.40
 

Development Wells

   67    14    34    19    21.77    5.03    6.61    10.13
                                         
 

Total

   78    15    38    25    26.38    5.36    7.49    13.53

1981-II (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   13    1    5    7    5.21    0.25    1.12    3.84
 

Development Wells

   45    3    29    13    9.07    0.69    4.78    3.60
                                         
 

Total

   58    4    34    20    14.28    0.94    5.90    7.44

1982-A (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   11    3    1    7    3.55    0.78    0.00    2.77
 

Development Wells

   69    23    22    24    25.22    13.09    3.59    8.54
                                         
 

Total

   80    26    23    31    28.77    13.87    3.59    11.31

1982-B (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   4    1    1    2    2.28    0.80    0.08    1.40
 

Development Wells

   41    16    9    16    18.60    9.47    1.01    8.12
                                         
 

Total

   45    17    10    18    20.88    10.27    1.09    9.52

1983-A (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   1    1    0    0    1.00    1.00    0.00    0.00
 

Development Wells

   26    14    10    2    6.60    4.39    1.27    0.94
                                         
 

Total

   27    15    10    2    7.60    5.39    1.27    0.94

1984

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00
 

Development Wells

   21    1    10    10    5.89    .38    3.08    2.43
                                         
 

Total

   21    1    10    10    5.89    .38    3.08    2.43

 

(1) Effective July 1, 2003 this program was dissolved.
(2) On September 12, 1986, Unit acquired all of the assets and liabilities of this Program and the Program has been dissolved.

 

43


EMPLOYEE PROGRAMS

As of September 30, 2007

 

Programs

   Gross Wells    Net Wells
   Total    Oil    Gas    Dry    Total    Oil    Gas    Dry

1984 (1)

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   25    4    12    9    .14    .02    .06    .06
                                         
 

Total

   25    4    12    9    .14    .02    .06    .06

1985 (1)

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   30    8    10    12    .38    .12    .08    .18
                                         
 

Total

   30    8    10    12    .38    .12    .08    .18

1986 (1)

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   18    6    8    4    .48    .12    .30    .06
                                         
 

Total

   18    6    8    4    .48    .12    .30    .06

1987 (1)

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0.00    0.00    0.00    0.00

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   21    12    5    4    1.17    .74    .25    .18
                                         
 

Total

   21    12    5    4    1.17    .74    .25    .18

1988 (1)

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   29    15    9    5    1.55    1.03    .28    .24
                                         
 

Total

   29    15    9    5    1.55    1.03    .28    .24

1989 (1)

 

Exploratory Wells

                       

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   32    7    14    11    1.48    .59    .36    .53
                                         
 

Total

   32    7    14    11    1.48    .59    .36    .53

1990 (1)

 

Exploratory Wells

   5    0    2    3    .122    0    .01    .11

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   34    11    14    9    1.65    .83    .35    .46
                                         
 

Total

   39    11    16    12    1.78    .83    .36    .57

1991 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   4    0    0    4    .08    0    0    .08

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   28    10    9    9    1.59    .86    .39    .34
                                         
 

Total

   32    10    9    13    1.67    .86    .39    .42

1992 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   18    1    11    6    .29    .05    .17    .07
                                         
 

Total

   18    1    11    6    .29    .05    .17    .07

1993 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   16    9    6    1    .63    .45    .17    .01
                                         
 

Total

   16    9    6    1    .63    .45    .17    .01

1994 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   3    0    1    2    .09    0    .05    .04

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   57    5    40    12    1.29    .24    .70    .35
                                         
 

Total

   60    5    41    14    1.38    .24    .75    .39

1995 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   45    15    24    6    .74    .23    .40    .11
                                         
 

Total

   45    15    24    6    .74    .23    .40    .11

1996 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   53    7    38    8    1.24    .27    .76    .21
                                         
 

Total

   53    7    38    8    1.24    .27    .76    .21

 

44


Programs

   Gross Wells    Net Wells
   Total    Oil    Gas    Dry    Total    Oil    Gas    Dry

1997 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   2    0    0    2    .10    0    0    .10

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   80    8    58    14    1.80    .22    1.16    .42
                                         
 

Total

   82    8    58    16    1.90    .22    1.16    .52

1998 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   2    0    1    1    .03    0    .02    .01

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   76    3    52    21    1.51    .02    .94    .56
                                         
 

Total

   78    3    53    22    1.54    .02    .96    .57

1999 (2)

 

Exploratory Wells

   0    0    0    0    0    0    0    0

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   51    1    42    8    1.09    .02    .87    .20
                                         
 

Total

   51    1    42    8    1.09    .02    .87    .20

2000

 

Exploratory Wells

   2    0    2    0    .09    0    .09    0

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   98    7    73    18    1.92    .07    1.43    .42
                                         
 

Total

   100    7    75    18    2.01    .07    1.52    .42

2001

 

Exploratory Wells

   3    0    0    3    .05    0    0    .05

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   123    7    94    22    1.25    .03    .85    .37
                                         
 

Total

   126    7    94    25    1.30    .03    .85    .42

2002

 

Exploratory Wells

   6    0    2    4    .03    0    .02    .01

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   91    4    63    24    1.18    .05    .74    .39
                                         
 

Total

   97    4    65    28    1.21    .05    .76    .40

2003

 

Exploratory Wells

   4    1    3    0    .03    .01    .02    0

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   145    5    119    21    .59    .02    .44    .13
                                         
 

Total

   149    6    122    21    .62    .03    .46    .13

2004

 

Exploratory Wells

   14    1    7    6    .06    .01    .03    .03

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   156    18    114    24    .65    .07    .45    .12
                                         
 

Total

   170    19    121    30    .71    .08    .48    .15

2005

 

Exploratory Wells

   8    1    5    2    .04    0    .02    .02

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   184    17    154    13    .68    .05    .57    .06
                                         
 

Total

   192    18    159    15    .72    .05    .59    .08

2006

 

Exploratory Wells

   10    0    4    6    4.94    0    2.21    2.73

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   234    12    198    24    81.02    2.71    68.19    10.12
                                         
 

Total

   244    12    202    30    85.96    2.71    70.40    12.85

Period of January 1, 2007 To September 30, 2007

                       

2007

 

Exploratory Wells

   13    1    6    6    6.92    0.20    4.00    2.72

Empl.

 

Development Wells

   159    10    130    19    53.31    2.98    42.10    8.23
                                         
 

Total

   172    11    136    25    60.23    3.00    46.10    10.95

 

(1) Effective December 31, 1993 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.
(2) Effective December 31, 2002 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

 

45


GENERAL PARTNERS’ PAYOUT TABLE (1)

As of September 30, 2007

 

Program

   Total
Expenditures
Including
Operating
Costs (2)
   Total
Revenues
Before
Deducting
Operating
Costs
   Total Revenues
Before Deducting
Operating Costs
for 3 Months Ended
September 30, 2007

1979 (***)

   $ 8,781,728    $ 10,846,983    —  

1980

     4,043,599      4,044,424    —  

1981

     8,325,594      6,338,173    —  

1981-II

     6,642,875      3,995,616    —  

1982-A

     9,190,842      6,782,893    —  

1982-B

     4,213,710      3,126,326    —  

1983-A

     2,277,514      1,312,531    —  

1984

     3,116,751      2,874,512    24,973

1984 Employee (*)

     1,542      1,745    —  

1985 Employee (*)

     2,820      1,808    —  

1986 Energy Income Fund (**)

     2,686,730      2,228,230    22,932

1986 Employee (*)

     4,403      6,813    —  

1987 Employee (*)

     624,354      815,358    —  

1988 Employee (*)

     1,196,564      1,588,132    —  

1989 Employee (*)

     1,424,525      1,171,961    —  

1990 Employee (*)

     653,563      525,572    —  

1991 Employee (****)

     2,352,323      3,046,177    —  

1992 Employee (****)

     241,577      400,556    —  

1993 Employee (****)

     496,051      717,460    —  

1994 Employee (****)

     1,435,412      1,841,119    —  

1995 Employee (****)

     476,082      599,485    —  

1996 Employee (****)

     901,692      869,473    —  

1997 Employee (****)

     1,296,424      1,165,747    —  

1998 Employee (****)

     1,180,292      1,083,527    —  

1999 Employee (****)

     953,718      1,314,469    —  

Consolidated Program

     12,738      60,405    2,031

2000 Employee

     2,284,396      3,315,236    62,628

2001 Employee

     1,095,662      1,128,951    22,706

2002 Employee

     1,238,760      1,445,236    44,205

2003 Employee

     2,221,273      3,452,496    133,858

2004 Employee

     722,929      787,010    24,501

2005 Employee

     2,388,930      1,704,445    132,460

2006 Employee

     2,001,394      863,525    148,381

2007 Employee

     1,885,119      92,644    74,528

 

(*)

Effective December 31, 1993, this program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

(**)

Formed primarily for purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties.

(***)

Effective July 1, 2003 this program was dissolved.

(****)

Effective December 31, 2002 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

 

46


LIMITED PARTNERS’ PAYOUT TABLE (1)

As of September 30, 2007

 

Program

   Total
Expenditures
Including
Operating
Costs (2)
   Total
Revenues
Before
Deducting
Operating
Costs
   Total Revenues
Before Deducting
Operating Costs
for 3 Months Ended
September 30, 2007

1979 (***)

   $ 14,729,990    $ 18,839,040    —  

1980

     17,688,367      6,949,008    —  

1981

     37,073,946      15,768,826    —  

1981-II

     18,638,600      7,028,946    —  

1982-A

     24,866,078      12,708,949    —  

1982-B

     12,069,566      5,367,312    —  

1983-A

     3,770,856      1,922,177    —  

1984

     3,453,945      2,969,114    24,973

1984 Employee (*)

     120,942      171,540    —  

1985 Employee (*)

     277,901      178,984    —  

1986 Energy Income Fund (**)

     3,106,050      4,462,547    34,399

1986 Employee (*)

     435,858      676,972    —  

1987 Employee (*)

     341,846      469,830    —  

1988 Employee (*)

     333,898      446,044    —  

1989 Employee (*)

     179,593      175,331    —  

1990 Employee (*)

     300,852      188,848    —  

1991 Employee (****)

     620,136      811,871    —  

1992 Employee (****)

     622,697      1,033,805    —  

1993 Employee (****)

     451,551      664,349    —  

1994 Employee (****)

     582,274      754,012    —  

1995 Employee (****)

     762,211      941,188    —  

1996 Employee (****)

     549,125      534,519    —  

1997 Employee (****)

     605,116      524,732    —  

1998 Employee (****)

     613,890      551,342    —  

1999 Employee (****)

     289,622      392,633    —  

Consolidated Program

     1,173,585      5,979,398    201,263

2000 Employee

     314,723      452,072    8,415

2001 Employee

     491,688      507,210    10,201

2002 Employee

     637,294      744,516    22,773

2003 Employee

     453,817      706,855    27,417

2004 Employee

     591,136      643,918    20,044

2005 Employee

     571,356      399,835    31,090

2006 Employee

     880,736      387,963    66,664

2007 Employee

     1,062,379      52,112    41,922

 

(*)

Effective December 31, 1993, this program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

(**)

Formed primarily for purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties.

(***)

Effective July 1, 2003, this program was dissolved.

(****)

Effective December 31, 2002 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

 

47


GENERAL PARTNERS’ NET CASH TABLE (1)

As of September 30, 2007

 

Program

   Total
Expenditures
Less
Operating
Costs (2)
   Total
Revenues
Less
Operating
Costs
    Total
Revenues
Less
Operating
Costs for
3 Months
Ended
Sept. 30,
2007
    Total
Revenues
Distributed
   Total
Revenues
Distributed
for 3
Months

Ended
Sept. 30,
2007

1979 (***)

   $ 2,805,917    $ 4,871,172     $ —       $ 3,961,014    $ —  

1980

     2,628,978      2,629,803       —         2,635,751      —  

1981

     6,546,160      4,558,739       —         5,368,272      —  

1981-II

     4,817,145      2,169,886       —         2,609,000      —  

1982-A

     6,297,972      3,890,023       —         3,755,000      —  

1982-B

     2,565,504      1,478,120       —         1,158,000      —  

1983-A

     1,380,331      415,348       —         819,000      —  

1984

     964,028      721,789       (90,039 )     1,174,584      —  

1984 Employee (*)

     874      1,077       —         1,000      —  

1985 Employee (*)

     2,300      1,288       —         1,035      —  

1986 Energy Income Fund (**)

     201,375      (257,125 )     (58,877 )     473,865      —  

1986 Employee (*)

     2,698      5,108         4,486      —  

1987 Employee (*)

     357,368      548,372       —         465,800      —  

1988 Employee (*)

     770,272      1,161,840       —         942,800      —  

1989 Employee (*)

     1,010,133      752,569       —         607,900      —  

1990 Employee (*)

     466,272      338,281       —         266,600      —  

1991 Employee (****)

     1,056,956      1,750,810       —         1,618,020      —  

1992 Employee (****)

     99,250      258,229       —         230,839      —  

1993 Employee (****)

     311,650      533,059       —         472,480      —  

1994 Employee (****)

     856,390      1,262,097       —         1,076,708      —  

1995 Employee (****)

     330,617      454,020       —         350,504      —  

1996 Employee (****)

     681,656      649,437       —         450,383      —  

1997 Employee (****)

     1,057,002      926,325       —         695,477      —  

1998 Employee (****)

     920,862      824,096       —         638,218      —  

1999 Employee (****)

     706,281      1,067,032       —         796,578      —  

Consolidated Program

     12,807      38,197       782       36,547      1,200

2000 Employee

     1,602,647      2,633,486       41,995       1,868,669      38,000

2001 Employee

     874,800      908,089       15,677       678,500      17,000

2002 Employee

     920,199      1,126,675       32,790       857,000      38,000

2003 Employee

     1,554,430      2,785,653       101,420       2,209,750      105,000

2004 Employee

     582,676      646,757       18,269       467,000      24,000

2005 Employee

     2,064,592      1,380,108       100,168       641,000      121,000

2006 Employee

     1,854,392      716,524       115,363       130,000      85,000

2007 Employee

     1,864,778      72,303       64,186       —        —  

 

(*)

Effective December 31, 1993, this program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

(**)

Formed primarily for purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties.

(***)

Effective July 1, 2003, this program was dissolved.

(****)

Effective December 31, 2002 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

 

48


LIMITED PARTNERS’ NET CASH TABLE (1)

As of September 30, 2007

 

Program

   Capital
Contributed
    Total
Expenditures
Less
Operating
Costs (2)
   Total
Revenues
Less
Operating
Costs
   Total
Revenues
Less
Operating
Costs for
3 Months
Ended
Sept. 30,
2007
    Total
Revenues
Distributed
   Total
Revenues
Distributed
for 3
Months
Ended
Sept. 30,
2007
 

1979 (***)

   $ 3,000,000     $ 6,085,402    $ 10,194,451    $ —       $ 6,198,801    $ —    

1980

     12,000,000 (3)     14,469,265      3,729,906      —         760,000      —    

1981

     29,255,000 (4)     32,700,741      11,395,621      —         5,335,065      —    

1981-II

     15,000,000       16,603,760      4,994,106      —         1,710,001      —    

1982-A

     21,140,000       21,591,442      9,434,313      —         6,342,000      —    

1982-B

     10,555,000       9,935,850      3,233,596      —         2,828,740      —    

1983-A

     2,530,000       2,993,705      1,145,026      —         227,700      —    

1984

     1,875,000       2,036,571      1,551,741      (59,080 )     1,312,331      —   (5)

1984 Employee (*)

     174,000       86,664      137,262      —         125,280      —    

1985 Employee (*)

     283,500       227,670      128,753      —         182,644      —    

1986 Energy Income Fund (**)

     1,000,000       1,024,561      2,381,058      15,298       2,199,000      —   (6)

1986 Employee (*)

     229,750       267,008      508,122      —         460,007      —    

1987 Employee (*)

     209,000       207,060      335,044      —         324,845      —    

1988 Employee (*)

     177,000       214,712      326,858      —         281,630      —    

1989 Employee (*)

     157,000       157,306      153,044      —         147,737      —    

1990 Employee (*)

     253,000       254,483      142,479      —         180,895      —    

1991 Employee (****)

     263,000       275,590      467,325      —         438,947      —    

1992 Employee (****)

     240,000       256,030      667,138      —         626,888      —    

1993 Employee (****)

     245,000       281,201      493,998      —         459,375      —    

1994 Employee (****)

     284,000       345,243      516,980      —         433,668      —    

1995 Employee (****)

     454,000       493,337      672,314      —         572,524      —    

1996 Employee (****)

     437,000       419,615      405,010      —         382,812      —    

1997 Employee (****)

     413,000       495,786      415,402      —         348,159      —    

1998 Employee (****)

     471,000       486,317      423,769      —         398,937      —    

1999 Employee (****)

     141,000       214,376      317,387      —         288,204      —    

Consolidated

     —         1,180,542      3,756,448      75,114       3,665,977      110,830 (7)

2000 Employee

     199,000       218,894      356,243      5,617       321,258      4,975 (8)

2001 Employee

     370,000       393,026      408,548      7,045       344,277      6,290 (9)

2002 Employee

     457,000       474,041      581,263      16,895       533,383      18,737 (10)

2003 Employee

     284,000       318,379      571,416      20,774       501,914      18,460 (11)

2004 Employee

     434,000       476,734      529,515      14,948       462,210      23,870 (12)

2005 Employee

     496,000       496,000      324,480      23,446       338,272      30,752 (13)

2006 Employee

     767,000       818,099      325,326      52,057       200,954      43,719 (14)

2007 Employee

     946,000       1,048,938      38,671      35,350       —        —   (15)

 

(*)

Effective December 31, 1993, this program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

(**)

Formed primarily for purposes of acquiring producing oil and gas properties.

(***)

Effective July 1, 2003, this program was dissolved.

(****)

Effective December 31, 2002 this Program was merged with and into the Consolidated Program.

 

49


(1) Amounts reflect the accrual method of accounting.
(2) Does not include expenditures of $237,600, $920,453, $2,252,900, $1,480,248, $2,079,268, $985,371 and $241,076 which were obtained from bank borrowings and used to pay the limited partners’ share of sales commissions of $237,600, $722,453, $1,940,400, $1,183,248, $1,656,468, $827,046 and $190,476 and organization costs of $—0—, $198,000, $312,500, $297,000, $422,800, $158,325 and $50,600 for the 1979, 1980, 1981, 1981-II, 1982-A, 1982-B and 1983-A Programs, respectively.
(3) Includes original subscriptions of limited partners totaling $10,000,000 and additional assessments totaling $2,000,000.
(4) Includes original subscriptions of limited partners totaling $25,000,000 and additional assessments totaling $4,255,000.
(5) In November 2007 the 1984 Program made a distribution of $-0- to that program’s limited partners.
(6) In November 2007 the 1986 Program made a distribution of $20,100 to that program’s limited partners.
(7) In November 2007 the Consolidated Employee Program made a distribution of $118,397 to that program’s limited partners.
(8) In November 2007 the 2000 Employee Program made a distribution of $5,970 to that program’s limited partners.
(9) In November 2007 the 2001 Employee Program made a distribution of $8,140 to that program’s limited partners.
(10) In November 2007 the 2002 Employee Program made a distribution of $17,366 to that program’s limited partners.
(11) In November 2007 the 2003 Employee Program made a distribution of $23,856 to that program’s limited partners.
(12) In November 2007 the 2004 Employee Program made a distribution of $14,322 to that program’s limited partners.
(13) In November 2007 the 2005 Employee Program made a distribution of $28,768 to that program’s limited partners.
(14) In November 2007 the 2006 Employee Program made a distribution of $38,350 to that program’s limited partners.

FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following is a summary of the opinions of Conner & Winters on all material federal income tax consequences to the Partnership and to the Limited Partners. The full tax opinion of Conner & Winters is attached to this Memorandum as Exhibit B. All prospective investors should review Exhibit B in its entirety before investing in the Partnership. There may be aspects of a particular investor’s tax situation which are not addressed in the following discussion or in Exhibit B. Additionally, the resolution of certain tax issues depends on future facts and circumstances not known to Conner & Winters as of the date of this Memorandum; thus, no assurance as to the final resolution of such issues should be drawn from the following discussion.

The following statements are based on the provisions of the Code, existing and proposed regulations promulgated under the Code (“Regulations”), current administrative rulings, and court decisions. It is possible that legislative or administrative changes or future court decisions may significantly modify the statements and opinions expressed herein. Such changes could be retroactive with respect to transactions occurring prior to the date of such changes.

Moreover, uncertainty exists concerning some of the federal income tax aspects of the transactions being undertaken by the Partnership. Some of the tax positions being taken by the Partnership may be challenged by the Service. Thus, there can be no assurance that all of the anticipated tax benefits of an investment in the Partnership will be realized.

 

50


Conner & Winters’ opinion is based on the transactions described in this Memorandum (the “Transaction” ) and on facts as they have been represented to Conner & Winters or determined by it as of the date of the opinion. Any alteration of the facts could render the conclusions in the opinion inapplicable.

Because of the factual nature of the inquiry, and in certain cases the lack of clear authority in the law, it is not possible to reach a judgment as to the outcome on the merits (either favorable or unfavorable) of certain material federal income tax issues as described more fully herein.

Summary of Conclusions

Opinions expressed: The following is a summary of the specific federal income tax opinions rendered by Conner & Winters in Exhibit B.

1. The material federal income tax benefits in the aggregate from an investment in the Partnership will be realized.

2. The Partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and not as a corporation, an association taxable as a corporation or a “publicly traded partnership”. See “Partnership Status”; “Federal Taxation of Partnerships.”

3. To the extent the Partnership’s wells are timely drilled and its drilling costs are timely paid, the Partners will be entitled to their pro rata shares of the Partnership’s intangible drilling and development costs (“IDC”) paid in 2008. See “Intangible Drilling and Development Costs Deductions.”

4. Most Limited Partners’ Units will be considered as ownership interests in a passive activity within the meaning of Code Section 469 and losses generated therefrom will be limited by the passive activity provisions of the Code. See “Passive Loss and Credit Limitations.”

5. To the extent provided in such opinion, the Partners’ distributive shares of Partnership tax items will be determined and allocated substantially in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. See “Partnership Allocations.”

No opinion expressed: Due to the lack of authority regarding, or the essentially factual nature of, the issue, Conner & Winters expresses no opinion as to:

1. The impact of an investment in the Partnership on an investor’s alternative minimum tax liability;

2. Whether each Partner will be entitled to percentage depletion since such a determination is dependent on the status of the Partner as an independent producer and on the Partner’s other oil and gas production (See “Depletion Deductions”);

3. Whether the Partnership will be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the General Partner as nominee for the Partnership.

Facts and Representations: In rendering its opinion, Conner & Winters relied on certain representations made to it by the General Partner, including the following:

1. The Partnership Agreement to be entered into by and among the General Partner and Limited Partners and any amendments thereto will be duly executed and will be made available to any Limited Partner on written request. A certificate of limited partnership will be duly recorded in all places required under the Oklahoma Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (the “Act” ) for the due formation of the Partnership and for the continuation thereof in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The Partnership will at all times be operated in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement, this Memorandum, and the Act.

2. No election will be made by the Partnership, Limited Partners, or General Partner to be excluded from the application of the provisions of Subchapter K of the Code.

3. The Partnership will own operating mineral interests, as defined in the Code and in the Regulations, and none of the Partnership’s revenues will be from non-working interests.

 

51


4. The General Partner will cause the Partnership to elect properly to deduct currently all IDC.

5. The Partnership will have a December 31 taxable year and will report its income on the accrual basis.

6. All Partnership wells will be spudded no later than December 31, 2008. The entire amount to be paid under any drilling and operating agreements entered into by the Partnership will be attributable to IDC.

7. Such drilling and operating agreements will be duly executed and will govern the operation of the Partnership’s wells.

8. The General Partner believes that at least 90% of the gross income of the Partnership will constitute income derived from the exploration, development, production, and/or marketing of oil and gas. The General Partner does not believe that any market will ever exist for the sale of Units and the General Partner will not make a market for the Units. Further, the Units will not be traded on an established securities market.

9. The Partnership and each Partner will have the objective of carrying on the business of the Partnership for profit and dividing the gain therefrom.

10. The General Partner will, as nominee for the Partnership, acquire and hold title to Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership; the General Partner will enter into an agency agreement before the General Partner acquires any such oil and gas properties on behalf of the Partnership; the agency agreement will reflect that the General Partner’s acquisition of Partnership properties is on behalf of the Partnership; and the General Partner will execute assignments of all oil and gas interests acquired by it on behalf of the Partnership to the Partnership.

The opinions of Conner & Winters are also subject to all the assumptions, qualifications, and limitations set forth in the following discussion and in the opinion, including the assumptions that each of the Partners has full power, authority, and legal right to enter into and perform the terms of the Partnership Agreement and to take any and all actions thereunder in connection with the transactions contemplated thereby.

Each prospective investor should be aware that, unlike a ruling from the Service, an opinion of Conner & Winters represents only Conner & Winters’ best judgment. THERE CAN BE NO ASSURANCE THAT THE SERVICE WILL NOT SUCCESSFULLY ASSERT POSITIONS WHICH ARE INCONSISTENT WITH THE OPINIONS OF CONNER & WINTERS SET FORTH IN THIS DISCUSSION AND EXHIBIT B OR IN THE TAX REPORTING POSITIONS TAKEN BY THE PARTNERS OR THE PARTNERSHIP. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT HIS OR HER OWN TAX ADVISOR TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE TAX ISSUES DISCUSSED HEREIN AND IN EXHIBIT B ON HIS OR HER INDIVIDUAL TAX SITUATION.

Compliance with Circular 230: The United States Treasury Department establishes standards for tax practitioners who practice before the Internal Revenue Service (the “Service”). Those standards are set forth in a publication known as Circular 230. Circular 230 was recently revised and now requires that written statements issued by a tax practitioner that constitute “Covered Opinions” contain certain material and conform to a specific manner of presentation. Additionally, Circular 230 now requires that other written advice issued by a tax practitioner that does not constitute a Covered Opinion satisfy certain “reasonableness” standards with respect to representations and factual and legal assumptions. Neither this summary discussion nor the tax opinion of Conner & Winters attached to the Memorandum as Exhibit B constitutes a Covered Opinion within the meaning of Circular 230. This summary discussion is drafted in a manner designed to comply with the requirements of Circular 230 with respect to the reasonableness standards for other written advice.

IMPORTANT LIMITATIONS ON SUMMARY AND TAX OPINION

Neither this summary discussion nor the tax opinion of Conner & Winters attached to the Memorandum as Exhibit B was intended or written to be used, and neither may be used, for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed by the Service. This summary discussion and the tax opinion of Conner & Winters were written to support the promotion or marketing of Units in the Partnership. Prospective investors should seek advice based on their particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.

 

52


General Tax Effects of Partnership Structure

The Partnership will be formed as a limited partnership pursuant to the Partnership Agreement and the laws of the State of Oklahoma. No tax ruling will be sought from the Service as to the status of the Partnership as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. The applicability of the federal income tax consequences described herein depends on the treatment of the Partnership as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and not as a corporation and not as an association taxable as a corporation. Any tax benefits anticipated from an investment in the Partnership would be adversely affected or eliminated if the Partnership were treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

Conner & Winters is of the opinion that, at the time of its formation, the Partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. The opinion is based on the provisions of the Partnership Agreement, applicable state and federal law and representations made by the General Partner

Under the Code, a partnership is not a taxable entity and, accordingly, incurs no federal income tax liability. Rather, a partnership is a “pass-through” entity which is required to file an information income tax return with the Service. In general, the character of a partner’s share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit is determined at the partnership level. Each partner is allocated a distributive share of such items in accordance with the partnership agreement. Each partner is required to include such amounts in determining his or her income for any taxable year of the partnership ending within or with the taxable year of the partner, without regard to whether the partner has received or will receive any cash distributions from the partnership.

Ownership of Partnership Properties

The General Partner , as nominee for the Partnership (the “Nominee” ), will acquire and hold title to Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership. The Nominee and the Partnership will enter into an agency agreement before the Nominee acquires any oil and gas properties on behalf of the Partnership. That agency agreement will reflect that the Nominee’s acquisition of Partnership Properties is on behalf of the Partnership. The Nominee will execute assignments of all oil and gas interest acquired by the Nominee on behalf of the Partnership to the Partnership. For various cost and procedural reasons, the assignments will not be recorded in the real estate records in the counties in which the Partnership Properties are located. That is, while the Partnership will be the owner of the Partnership Properties, there will be no public record of that ownership. It is possible that the Service could assert that the Nominee should be treated for federal income tax purposes as the owner of the Partnership Properties, notwithstanding the assignment of those Partnership Properties to the Partnership. If the Service were to argue successfully that the Nominee should be treated as the tax owner of the Partnership Properties, there would be significant adverse federal income tax consequences to the Limited Partners, such as the unavailability of depletion deductions in respect of income from Partnership Properties. The Service is concerned that taxpayers not shift the tax consequences of transactions between parties based on the parties’ declaration that one party is the agent of another and the Service generally requires that taxpayers respect the form of their transactions and ownership of property. Based on this concern, the Service may challenge the Partnership’s treatment of Partnership Properties, and tax attributes thereof, which are held of record by the Nominee.

In Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Bollinger , 485 U.S. 340 (1988), the United States Supreme Court reviewed a principal-agent relationship and held for the taxpayer in concluding that the principal should be treated as the tax owner of property held in the name of the agent. In that case the Supreme Court noted that “It seems to us that the genuineness of the agency relationship is adequately assured, and tax-avoiding manipulation adequately avoided, when the fact that the corporation is acting as agent for its shareholders with respect to a particular asset is set forth in a written agreement at the time the asset is acquired, the corporation functions as agent and not principal with respect to the asset for all purposes, and the corporation is held out as the agent and not principal in all dealings with third parties relating to the asset.” While the Partnership and the Nominee will have in place an agreement defining their relationship before any Partnership Properties are acquired by the Nominee and the Nominee will function as agent with respect to those Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership, the Nominee will not hold itself out to all third parties as the agent of the Partnership in dealings relating to the Partnership Properties. Unlike the relationship between the principal and the agent in Bollinger , the Nominee will, however, assign title to Partnership Properties to the Partnership, but will not record those

 

53


assignments. Accordingly, the facts related to the relationship between the Nominee and the Partnership are not the same as the facts in Bollinger and it is not clear that the failure of the Nominee to hold itself out to third parties as the agent of the Partnership in dealings relating to Partnership Properties should result in the treatment of the Nominee as the tax owner of the Partnership Properties. For the foregoing reasons, Conner & Winters has not expressed an opinion on this issue, but Conner & Winters believes that substantial arguments may be made that the Partnership should be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the Nominee on the Partnership’s behalf. If the Partnership were not treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties, then the following discussions which relate to the Partners’ deduction of tax items which are derived from Partnership Properties, such as IDC, depletion and depreciation, would not be applicable.

Intangible Drilling and Development Costs Deductions

The Secretary of the Treasury has prescribed regulations that allow taxpayers the option of deducting, rather than capitalizing, IDC. The Secretary’s rules state that, in general, the option to deduct IDC applies only to expenditures for drilling and development items that do not have a salvage value.

The Memorandum provides that 75% of the Partners’ capital contributions will be utilized for IDC, which will flow through to the Partners as a deductible item in the year of investment. The deduction of IDC by most Limited Partners generally will be available only to offset passive income. Based on a deduction of 75% of a Partner’s capital contribution, a two Unit ($2,000) investor in a 35% marginal Federal tax bracket could possibly reduce taxes payable by $524. The investor might also realize additional tax savings on income taxes in the state in which such investor resides.

Classification of Costs. In general, IDC consists of those costs which in and of themselves have no salvage value. In previous partnerships for which the General Partner has served as general partner, intangible drilling and development costs have ranged from 72% to 27% of the investors’ contributions. While the planned activities of the Partnership are similar in nature to those of prior partnerships, the amount of expenditures classified as IDC could be greater or less than for prior partnerships. In addition, a partnership’s classification of a cost as IDC is not binding on the Service, which might reclassify an item labeled as IDC as a cost which must be capitalized. To the extent not deductible, such amounts will be included in the Partnership’s basis in a mineral property and in the Partners’ tax basis in their interests in the Partnership.

Timing of Deductions. Although the Partnership will elect to deduct IDC, each investor has an option of deducting IDC, or capitalizing all or a part of the IDC and amortizing it on a straight-line basis over a sixty-month period, beginning with the taxable month in which the expenditure is made. In addition to the effect of this change on regular taxable income, the two methods have different treatment under the Alternative Minimum Tax.

Although the General Partner will attempt to satisfy each requirement for deductibility of the Partnership’s IDC in 2008, no assurance can be given that the Service will not successfully contend that the IDC of a Partnership well which is not completed until 2009 is not deductible in whole or in part until 2009. Furthermore, no assurance can be given that the Service will not challenge the current deduction of IDC because of the prepayment being made to a related party. If the Service were successful with such a challenge, some portion of the Partners’ deductions for IDC would be deferred to later years.

Recapture of IDC. IDC previously deducted that is allocable to a property (directly or through the ownership of an interest in a partnership) and which, if capitalized, would have been included in the adjusted basis of the property is recaptured as ordinary income to the extent of any gain realized on the disposition of the property. Treasury regulations provide that recapture is determined at the partner level (subject to certain anti-abuse provisions). Where only a portion of recapture property is disposed of, any IDC related to the entire property is recaptured to the extent of the gain realized on the portion of the property sold. In the case of the disposition of an undivided interest in a property (as opposed to the disposition of a portion of the property), a proportionate part of the IDC with respect to the property is treated as allocable to the transferred undivided interest to the extent of any realized gain.

Depletion Deductions

The owner of an economic interest in an oil and gas property is entitled to claim the greater of percentage depletion or cost depletion with respect to oil and gas properties which qualify for such depletion methods. In the

 

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case of partnerships, the depletion allowance must be computed separately by each partner and not by the partnership. For properties placed in service after 1986, depletion deductions, to the extent they reduce basis in an oil and gas property, are subject to recapture under Code section 1254.

Cost depletion for any year is determined by multiplying the number of units (e.g., barrels of oil or Mcf of gas) sold during the year by a fraction, the numerator of which is the cost or other basis of the mineral interest and the denominator of which is total reserves available at the beginning of the period. In no event can the cost depletion exceed the adjusted basis of the property to which it relates.

Percentage depletion is a statutory allowance pursuant to which a deduction currently equal to 15% of the taxpayer’s gross income from each property is allowed in any taxable year, not to exceed 100% of the taxpayer’s taxable income from the property (computed without the allowance for depletion) with the aggregate deduction limited to 65% of the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year (computed without regard to percentage depletion and net operating loss and capital loss carrybacks). The percentage depletion deduction rate will vary with the price of oil, but the rate will not be less than 15%. A percentage depletion deduction that is disallowed in a year due to the 65% of taxable income limitation may be carried forward and allowed as a deduction for a subsequent year, subject to the 65% limitation in that subsequent year. Percentage depletion deductions reduce the taxpayer’s adjusted basis in the property. However, unlike cost depletion, percentage depletion deductions are not limited to the adjusted basis of the property; the percentage depletion amount continues to be allowable as a deduction after the adjusted basis has been reduced to zero.

The availability of depletion, whether cost or percentage, will be determined separately by each Partner. Each Partner must separately keep records of his share of the adjusted basis in an oil or gas property, adjust such share of the adjusted basis for any depletion taken on such property, and use such adjusted basis each year in the computation of his cost depletion or in the computation of his gain or loss on the disposition of such property. These requirements may place an administrative burden on a Partner.

Production Activities Deduction

The Partnership will be eligible for the deduction available for qualified production activities. The deduction will be applied at the Partner (as a deduction from adjusted gross income for an individual) level based on allocations to Partners of their shares of the Partnership’s qualified production activities income. Qualified production activities income for the Partnership will include its oil and gas production gross receipts reduced by the sum of the cost of goods sold allocable to such receipts, other deductions, expenses and losses directly allocable to such receipts, and a ratable portion of other deductions and expenses not directly allocable to such receipts or any other class of income of the Partnership. For taxable years beginning in 2008 or 2009, the deduction rate is 6 percent and for taxable years beginning after 2009, the deduction rate is 9 percent. The amount of the deduction allowable for any taxable year may not exceed 50 percent of the W-2 wages of the taxpayer for the year (in the case of a Partner, the Partner’s allocable share of the Partnership’s W-2 wages).

Depreciation Deductions

The Partnership will claim depreciation, cost recovery, and amortization deductions with respect to its basis in Partnership Property as permitted by the Code.

Transaction Fees

The Partnership may classify a portion of the fees or expense reimbursements to be paid to third parties and to the General Partner as expenses which are deductible as organizational expenses or otherwise. There is no assurance that the Service will allow the deductibility of such expenses and Conner & Winters expresses no opinion with respect to the allocation of such fees or reimbursements to deductible and nondeductible items.

Generally, expenditures made in connection with the creation of, and with sales of interests in, a partnership will fit within one of several categories.

A partnership may elect to amortize and deduct its organizational expenses ratably over a period of not less than 60 months commencing with the month the partnership begins business. Examples of organizational expenses are legal fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, such as negotiation and preparation of a partnership agreement, accounting fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, and filing fees.

 

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No deduction is allowable for “syndication expenses,” examples of which include brokerage fees, registration fees, legal fees of the underwriter or placement agent and the issuer (general partners or the partnership) for securities advice and for advice pertaining to the adequacy of tax disclosures in the offering or private placement memorandum for securities law purposes, printing costs, and other selling or promotional material. These costs must be capitalized. Payments for services performed in connection with the acquisition of capital assets must be amortized over the useful life of such assets.

No deduction is allowable with respect to “start-up expenditures,” although such expenditures may be capitalized and amortized over a period of not less than 60 months.

The Partnership intends to make overhead reimbursement payments to the General Partner, as described in greater detail in the Memorandum. To be deductible, payments to a partner must be for services rendered by the partner other than in his or its capacity as a partner or for compensation determined without regard to partnership income. Payments which are not deductible because they fail to meet this test may be treated as special allocations of income to the recipient partner and thereby decrease the net loss, or increase the net income among all partners. If the Service were to successfully challenge the General Partner’s allocations, a Partner’s taxable income could be increased, thereby resulting in increased taxes and in potential liability for interest and penalties.

Basis and At Risk Limitations

A Partner’s share of Partnership losses will be allowed as a deduction by the Partner only to the extent of the aggregate amount with respect to which the taxpayer-Partner is “at risk” for the Partnership’s activity at the close of the taxable year. Any such loss disallowed by the “at risk” limitation shall be treated as a deduction allocable to the activity in the first succeeding taxable year.

The Code provides that a taxpayer must recognize taxable income to the extent that his or her “at risk” amount is reduced below zero. This “recaptured” income is limited to the sum of the loss deductions previously allowed to the taxpayer, less any amounts previously recaptured. A taxpayer may be allowed a deduction for the recaptured amounts included in his taxable income if and when he increases his amount “at risk” in a subsequent taxable year.

The Limited Partners will purchase Units by tendering cash to the Partnership. To the extent the cash contributed constitutes the “personal funds” of the Partners, the Partners should be considered at risk with respect to those amounts. If the cash contributed constitutes “personal funds,” in the opinion of Conner & Winters, neither the at risk rules nor the adjusted basis rules will limit the deductibility of losses generated from the Partnership and allocated to a Limited Partner, to the extent of such Limited Partner’s cash contributions. In no event, however, may a Partner deduct his distributive share of partnership loss where such share exceeds the Partner’s tax basis in the Partnership.

Passive Loss Limitations

Introduction. The deductibility of losses generated from passive activities is limited for certain taxpayers. The passive activity loss limitations apply to individuals, estates, trusts, and personal service corporations as well as, to a lesser extent, closely held C corporations.

The definition of a “passive activity” generally encompasses all rental activities as well as all activities with respect to which the taxpayer does not “materially participate.” A taxpayer will be considered as materially participating in a venture only if the taxpayer is involved in the operations of the activity on a “regular, continuous, and substantial” basis. In addition, no limited partnership interest will be treated as an interest with respect to which a taxpayer materially participates.

Passive activity losses ( “PALs” ) of a taxpayer are the amounts of such taxpayer’s losses from passive activities for a taxable year. Individuals and personal service corporations are entitled to deduct PALs only to the extent of their passive income whereas closely held C corporations (other than personal service corporations) can offset PALs against both passive and net active income, but not against portfolio (dividends, interest, etc.) income. In calculating passive income and loss, however, all passive activities of the taxpayer are aggregated. PALs disallowed as a result of the above rules are suspended and may be carried forward indefinitely to offset future passive (or passive and active, in the case of a closely held C corporation) income.

 

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On a taxpayer’s disposition of his entire interest in a passive activity in a fully taxable transaction not involving a related party, any passive loss of such taxpayer that was suspended by the provisions of the passive activity loss rules is deductible against either passive or non-passive income.

Limited Partner Interests. Most Limited Partners’ shares of the Partnership’s losses will be treated as PALs, the availability of which will be limited in each case to the individual Partner’s passive income in all passive activities in which the Partner has an interest. If a Limited Partner does not have sufficient passive income to utilize the PALs, the disallowed PALs will be suspended and may be carried forward to be deducted against passive income arising in future years. Further, on the disposition by a Limited Partner of his entire interest in the Partnership to an unrelated party in a fully taxable transaction, such suspended losses will be available, as described above.

Gain or Loss on Sale of Property or Units

In the event some or all of the property of the Partnership is sold, or on sale of a Unit, a Limited Partner will realize gain to the extent the amount realized exceeds his or her basis in the Partnership. In such case, there may be recapture, as ordinary income, of IDCs and depletion previously allocated to such Limited Partner. If the gain realized exceeds the amount of the recapture income, the Limited Partner will recognize capital gains for the balance.

It is possible that a Limited Partner will be required to recognize ordinary income pursuant to the recapture rules in excess of the taxable income on the disposition transaction or in a situation where the disposition transaction resulted in a taxable loss. To balance the excess income, the Limited Partner would recognize a capital loss for the difference between the gain and the income. Depending on a Limited Partner’s particular tax situation, some or all of this loss might be deferred to future years, resulting in a greater tax liability in the year in which the sale was made and a reduced future tax liability.

Any partner who sells or exchanges interests in a partnership must generally notify the partnership in writing within 30 days of such transaction in accordance with Regulations and must attach a statement to his tax return reflecting certain facts regarding the sale or exchange. The notice must include names, addresses, and taxpayer identification numbers (if known) of the transferor and transferee and the date of the exchange. The partnership also is required to provide copies to the transferor and the transferee of information it is required to provide to the Service in connection with such a transfer.

Partnership Distributions

Under the Code, any increase in a partner’s share of partnership liabilities, or any increase in such partner’s individual liabilities by reason of an assumption by him or her of partnership liabilities is considered to be a contribution of money by the partner to the partnership. Similarly, any decrease in a partner’s share of partnership liabilities or any decrease in such partner’s individual liabilities by reason of the partnership’s assumption of such individual liabilities will be considered as a distribution, a constructive distribution, of money to the partner by the partnership.

A Partner’s adjusted basis in his or her Units will initially consist of the cash he or she contributes to the Partnership. His or her basis will be increased by his or her share of Partnership income and decreased by his or her share of Partnership losses and distributions. To the extent that actual or constructive distributions are in excess of a Partner’s adjusted basis in his or her Partnership interest (after adjustment for contributions and his or her share of income and losses of the Partnership), that excess will generally be treated as gain from the sale of a capital asset. In addition, gain could be recognized to a distributee partner on the disproportionate distribution to a partner of unrealized receivables or substantially appreciated inventory. The Partnership Agreement prohibits distributions to a Limited Partner to the extent such distribution would create or increase a deficit in a Limited Partner’s Capital Account.

 

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Partnership Allocations

The Partners’ distributive shares of partnership income, gain, loss, and deduction should be determined and allocated substantially in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement.

The Service could contend that the allocations contained in the Partnership Agreement do not have substantial economic effect or are not in accordance with the Partners’ interests in the Partnership and may seek to reallocate these items in a manner that will increase the income or gain or decrease the deductions allocable to a Partner.

Administrative Matters

Returns and Audits. While no federal income tax is required to be paid by an organization classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, a partnership must file federal income tax information returns which are subject to audit by the Service. Any such audit may lead to adjustments, in which event the Limited Partners may be required to file amended personal federal income tax returns. Any such audit may also lead to an audit of a Limited Partner’s individual tax return and adjustments to items unrelated to an investment in Units.

For purposes of reporting, audit, and assessment of additional federal income tax, the tax treatment of “partnership items” is determined at the partnership level. Partnership items will include those items that the Regulations provide are more appropriately determined at the partnership level than the partner level. The Service generally cannot initiate deficiency proceedings against an individual partner with respect to partnership items without first conducting an administrative proceeding at the partnership level as to the correctness of the partnership’s treatment of the item. An individual partner may not file suit for a credit or a refund arising out of a partnership item without first filing a request for an administrative proceeding by the Service at the partnership level. Individual partners are entitled to notice of such administrative proceedings and decisions therein, except in the case of partners with less than 1% profits interest in a partnership having more than 100 partners. If a group of partners having an aggregate profits interest of 5% or more in such a partnership so requests, however, the Service also must mail notice to a partner appointed by that group to receive notice. All partners, whether or not entitled to notice, are entitled to participate in the administrative proceedings at the partnership level, although the Partnership Agreement provides for waiver of certain of these rights by the Limited Partners. All Partners, including those not entitled to notice, may be bound by a settlement reached by the Partnership’s representative, the “tax matters partner,” which will be Unit Petroleum Company. If a proposed tax deficiency is contested in any court by any Partner or by the General Partner, all Partners may be deemed parties to such litigation and bound by the result reached therein.

Consistency Requirements. A partner must generally treat partnership items on his or her federal income tax returns consistently with the treatment of such items on the partnership information return unless he or she files a statement with the Service identifying the inconsistency or otherwise satisfies the requirements for waiver of the consistency requirement. Failure to satisfy this requirement will result in an adjustment to conform the partner’s treatment of the item with the treatment of the item on the partnership return. Intentional or negligent disregard of the consistency requirement may subject a partner to substantial penalties.

Compliance Provisions. Taxpayers are subject to several penalties and other provisions that encourage compliance with the federal income tax laws, including an accuracy-related penalty in an amount equal to 20% of the portion of an underpayment of tax caused by negligence, intentional disregard of rules or regulations or any “substantial understatement” of income tax. For non-corporate taxpayers, a “substantial understatement” of tax is an understatement of income tax that exceeds the greater of (a) 10% of the tax required to be shown on the return (the correct tax), or (b) $5,000.

Except in the case of understatements attributable to “tax shelter” items, an item of understatement may not give rise to the penalty if (a) there is or was “substantial authority” for the taxpayer’s treatment of the item or (b) all facts relevant to the tax treatment of the item are disclosed on the return or on a statement attached to the return, and there is a reasonable basis for the tax treatment of such item by the taxpayer. In the case of partnerships, the disclosure is to be made on the return of the partnership. Under the applicable Regulations, however, an individual partner may make adequate disclosure with respect to partnership items if certain conditions are met.

In the case of understatements attributable to “tax shelter” items, the substantial understatement penalty may be avoided only if the taxpayer establishes that, in addition to having substantial authority for his or her position, he

 

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or she reasonably believed the treatment claimed was more likely than not the proper treatment of the item. A “tax shelter” item is one that arises from a partnership (or other form of investment) the principal purpose of which is the avoidance or evasion of federal income tax.

Based on the definition of a “tax shelter” in the Regulations, performance of previous partnerships, and the planned activities of the Partnership, the General Partner does not believe that the Partnership will qualify as a “tax shelter” under the Code.

Accounting Methods and Periods

The Partnership will use the accrual method of accounting and will select the calendar year as its taxable year.

State and Local Taxes

The opinions expressed herein are limited to issues of federal income tax law and do not address issues of state or local law. Prospective investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the impact of state and local laws on an investment in the Partnership.

COMPETITION, MARKETS AND REGULATION

The oil and gas industry is highly competitive in all its phases. The Partnership will encounter strong competition from both major independent oil companies and individuals, many of which possess substantial financial resources, in acquiring economically desirable prospects and equipment and labor to operate and maintain Partnership Properties. There are likewise numerous companies and individuals engaged in the organization and conduct of oil and gas drilling programs and there is a high degree of competition among such companies and individuals in the offering of their programs.

Marketing of Production

The availability of a ready market for any oil and gas produced from Partnership Wells will depend on numerous factors beyond the control of the Partnership, including the extent of domestic production and importation of oil and gas, the proximity of Partnership Wells to gas pipelines and the capacity of such gas pipelines, the marketing of other competitive fuels, fluctuation in demand, governmental regulation of production, refining and transportation, general national and worldwide economic conditions, and the pricing, use and allocation of oil and gas and their substitute fuels.

The demand for gas decreased significantly in the 1980s due to economic conditions, conservation and other factors. As a result of such reduced demand and other factors, including the Power Plant and Industrial Fuel Use Act (the “Fuel Use Act” ) which related to the use of oil and gas in the United States in certain fuel burning installations, many pipeline companies began purchasing gas on terms which were not as favorable to sellers as terms governing purchases of gas prior thereto. Spot market gas prices declined generally during that period. While the Fuel Use Act has been repealed and the markets for gas have improved significantly recently, there can be no assurance that such improvement will continue. As a result, it is possible that there may be significant delays in selling any gas from Partnership Properties.

In the event the Partnership acquires an interest in a gas well or completes a productive gas well, or a well that produces both oil and gas, the well may be shut in for a substantial period of time for lack of a market if the well is in an area distant from existing gas pipelines. The well may remain shut in until such time as a gas pipeline, with available capacity, is extended to such an area or until such time as sufficient wells are drilled to establish adequate reserves which would justify the construction of a gas pipeline, processing facilities, if necessary, and a transmission system.

The worldwide supply of oil has been largely dependent on rates of production of foreign reserves. Although in recent years the demand for oil has slightly increased in this country, imports of foreign oil continue to increase. Consequently, historically the prices for domestic oil production have generally remained low. Future domestic oil prices will follow foreign prices which in turn will depend largely on the actions of foreign producers with respect to rates of production and it is virtually impossible to predict what actions those producers will take in the

 

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future. Prices may also be affected by political and other factors relating to the Middle East. As a result, it is possible that prices for oil, if any, produced from a Partnership Well will be lower than those currently available or projected at the time the interest therein is acquired. In view of the many uncertainties affecting the supply and demand for crude oil and natural gas, and the change in the makeup of the Congress of the United States and the resulting potential for a different focus for the United States energy policy, the General Partner is unable to predict what future gas and oil prices will be.

Regulation of Partnership Operations

Production of any oil and gas found by the Partnership will be affected by state and federal regulations. All states in which the Partnership intends to conduct activities have statutory provisions regulating the production and sale of oil and gas. Such statutes, and the regulations promulgated in connection therewith, generally are intended to prevent waste of oil and gas and to protect correlative rights and the opportunities to produce oil and gas as between owners of a common reservoir. Certain state regulatory authorities also regulate the amount of oil and gas produced by assigning allowable rates of production to each well or proration unit. Pertinent state and federal statutes and regulations also extend to the prevention and clean-up of pollution. These laws and regulations are subject to change and no predictions can be made as to what changes may be made or the effect of such changes on the Partnership’s operations.

Under the laws and administrative regulations of the State of Oklahoma regarding forced pooling, owners of oil and gas leases or unleased mineral interests may be required to elect to participate in the drilling of a well with other fractional undivided interest owners within an established spacing unit or to sell or farm out their interest therein. The terms of any such sale or farm-out are generally those determined by the Oklahoma Corporation Commission to be equal to the most favorable terms then available in the area in arm’s length transactions although there can be no assurance that this will be the case. In addition, if properties become the subject of a forced pooling order, drilling operations may have to be undertaken at a time or with other parties which the General Partner feels may not be in the best interest of the Partnership. In such event, the Partnership may have to farm out or assign its interest in such properties. In addition, if a property which might otherwise be acquired by the Partnership becomes subject to such an order, it may become unavailable to the Partnership. Finally, as a result of forced pooling proceedings involving a Partnership Property, the Partnership may acquire a larger than anticipated interest in such property, thereby increasing its share of the costs of operations to be conducted.

Natural Gas Price Regulation

Partnership Revenues are likely to be dependent on the sale and transportation of natural gas that may be subject to regulation by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (“FERC”). Historically the sale of natural gas has been regulated by the FERC under the Natural Gas Act of 1938 (“NGA”) and/or the Natural Gas Policy Act of 1978 (“NGPA”). The NGA conferred jurisdiction on the FERC’s predecessor, the Federal Power Commission, to regulate the interstate transportation and sale of natural gas. The Act also established a certification system and required the FERC to ensure that all rates were “just and reasonable” and that natural gas companies did not grant “undue preference[s].” Under this system, the FERC regulated both the wellhead price and the price charged by pipelines to end-users and local distribution companies.

The NGPA began the gradual deregulation of prices at the wellhead. Under the NGPA, the FERC continued to regulate the maximum selling prices of certain categories of gas sold in “first sales” in interstate and intrastate commerce. Effective January 1, 1993, however, the Natural Gas Wellhead Decontrol Act (the “Decontrol Act”) deregulated natural gas prices for all “first sales” of natural gas. Because “first sales” include typical wellhead sales by producers, all natural gas produced from the Partnership’s natural gas properties will be sold at market prices, subject to the terms of any private contracts which may be in effect. The FERC’s jurisdiction over natural gas transportation is not affected by the Decontrol Act.

Commencing in 1985, the FERC, through Order Nos. 436, 500, 636 and 637, promulgated changes that significantly affect the transportation and marketing of gas. These changes have been intended to foster competition in the gas industry by, among other things, inducing or mandating that interstate pipeline companies provide nondiscriminatory transportation services to producers, distributors, buyers and sellers of gas and other shippers (so-called “open access” requirements). The FERC has also sought to expedite the certification process for new services, facilities, and operations of those pipeline companies providing “open access” services.

 

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In 1992, the FERC issued Order 636 which, among other things, required each interstate pipeline company to “unbundle” its traditional wholesale services and create and make available on an open and nondiscriminatory basis numerous constituent services (such as gathering services, storage services, firm and interruptible transportation services, and stand-by sales services) and to adopt a new rate-making methodology to determine appropriate rates for those services. Each pipeline company was required to develop the specific terms of service in individual proceedings. The availability of non-discriminatory transportation services and the ability of pipeline customers to modify or terminate their existing purchase obligations under these regulations have greatly enhanced the ability of producers to market their gas directly to end users and local distribution companies.

As a result of these changes, sellers and buyers of natural gas have gained direct access to the particular pipeline services they need and are better able to conduct business with a larger number of counter parties. The General Partner believes these changes generally have improved the access to markets for natural gas while, at the same time, substantially increasing competition in the natural gas marketplace. The General Partner cannot predict what new or different regulations the FERC and other regulatory agencies may adopt or what effect subsequent regulations may have on Partnership Revenue.

Oil Price Regulation

With respect to oil pipeline rates subject to the FERC’s jurisdiction under the Interstate Commerce Act, in October 1993 the FERC issued Order 561 to implement the requirements of Title XVIII of the Energy Policy Act of 1992. Order 561 established an indexing system, effective January 1, 1995, under which many oil pipelines are able to readily change their rates to track changes in the Producer Price Index for Finished Goods (PPI-FG), minus one percent. This index established ceiling levels for rates. Order 561 also permits cost-of-service proceedings to establish just and reasonable rates. The Order does not alter the right of a pipeline to seek FERC authorization to charge market rates. However, until the FERC makes the finding that the pipeline does not exercise significant market power, the pipeline’s rates cannot exceed the applicable index ceiling level or a level justified by the pipeline’s cost of service.

State Regulation of Oil and Gas Production

Most states in which the Partnership may conduct oil and gas activities regulate the production and sale of oil and natural gas. Those states generally impose requirements or restrictions for obtaining drilling permits, the method of developing new fields, the spacing and operation of wells and the prevention of waste of oil and gas resources. In addition, most states regulate the rate of production and may establish maximum daily production allowable from both oil and gas wells on a market demand or conservation basis. Until recently there has been no limit on allowable daily production on the basis of market demand, although at some locations production continues to be regulated for conservation or market purposes. In 1992 Oklahoma and Texas imposed additional limitations on gas production to more closely track market demand. The General Partner cannot predict whether any state regulatory agency may issue additional allowable reductions which may adversely affect the Partnership’s ability to produce its gas reserves.

Legislative and Regulatory Production and Pricing Proposals

A number of legislative and regulatory proposals continually are advanced which, if put into effect, could have an impact on the petroleum industry. The various proposals involve, among other things, an oil import fee, restructuring how oil pipeline rates are determined and implemented reducing production allowables, providing purchasers with “market-out” options in existing and future gas purchase contracts, eliminating or limiting the operation of take-or-pay clauses, eliminating or limiting the operation of “indefinite price escalator clauses” (e.g., pricing provisions which allow prices to escalate by means of reference to prices being paid by other purchasers of natural gas or prices for competing fuels), and state regulation of gathering systems. Proposals concerning these and other matters have been and will be made by members of the President’s office, Congress, regulatory agencies and special interest groups. The General Partner cannot predict what legislation or regulatory changes, if any, may result from such proposals or any effect therefrom on the Partnership.

The effect of these regulations could be to decrease allowable production on Partnership Properties and thereby to decrease Partnership Revenues. However, by decreasing the amount of natural gas available in the market, such regulations could also have the effect of increasing prices of natural gas, although there can be no assurance that

 

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any such increase will occur. There can also be no assurance that the proposed regulations described above will be adopted or that they will be adopted on the terms set forth above. Additionally, such proposals, if adopted, are likely to be challenged in the courts and there can be no assurance as to the timing or the outcome of any such challenge.

Production and Environmental Regulation

Certain states in which the Partnership may drill and own productive properties control production from wells through regulations establishing the spacing of wells, limiting the number of days in a given month during which a well can produce and otherwise limiting the rate of allowable production.

In addition, the federal government and various state governments have adopted laws and regulations regarding protection of the environment. These laws and regulations may require the acquisition of a permit before or after drilling commences, impose requirements that increase the cost of operations, prohibit drilling activities on certain lands lying within wilderness areas or other environmentally sensitive areas and impose substantial liabilities for pollution resulting from drilling operations, particularly operations in offshore waters or on submerged lands.

A past, present, or future release or threatened release of a hazardous substance into the air, water, or ground by the Partnership or as a result of disposal practices may subject the Partnership to liability under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act, as amended ( “CERCLA” ), the Resource Conservation Recovery Act ( “RCRA” ), the Clean Water Act, and/or similar state laws, and any regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. Under CERCLA and similar laws, the Partnership may be fully liable for the cleanup costs of a release of hazardous substances even though it contributed to only part of the release. While liability under CERCLA and similar laws may be limited under certain circumstances, typically the limits are so high that the maximum liability would likely have a significant adverse effect on the Partnership. In certain circumstances, the Partnership may have liability for releases of hazardous substances by previous owners of Partnership Properties. Additionally, the discharge or substantial threat of a discharge of oil by the Partnership into United States waters or onto an adjoining shoreline may subject the Partnership to liability under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and similar state laws. While liability under the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 is limited under certain circumstances, the maximum liability under those limits would still likely have a significant adverse effect on the Partnership. The Partnership’s operations generally will be covered by the insurance carried by the General Partner or UNIT, if any. However, there can be no assurance that such insurance coverage will always be in force or that, if in force, it will adequately cover any losses or liability the Partnership may incur.

Violation of environmental legislation and regulations may result in the imposition of fines or civil or criminal penalties and, in certain circumstances, the entry of an order for the removal, remediation and abatement of the conditions, or suspension of the activities, giving rise to the violation. The General Partner believes that the Partnership will comply with all orders and regulations applicable to its operations. However, in view of the many uncertainties with respect to the current controls, including their duration and possible modification, the General Partner cannot predict the overall effect of such controls on such operations. Similarly, the General Partner cannot predict what future environmental laws may be enacted or regulations may be promulgated and what, if any, impact they would have on operations or Partnership Revenue.

SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

The business and affairs of the Partnership and the respective rights and obligations of the Partners will be governed by the Agreement. The following is a summary of certain pertinent provisions of the Agreement which have not been as fully discussed elsewhere in this Memorandum but does not purport to be a complete description of all relevant terms and provisions of the Agreement and is qualified in its entirety by express reference to the Agreement. Each prospective subscriber should carefully review the entire Agreement.

Partnership Distributions

The General Partner will make quarterly determinations of the Partnership’s cash position. If it determines that excess cash is available for distribution, it will be distributed to the Partners in the same proportions that

 

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Partnership Revenue has been allocated to them after giving effect to previous distributions and to portions of such revenues theretofore used or expected to be thereafter used to pay costs incurred in conducting Partnership operations or to repay Partnership borrowings. It is expected that no cash distributions will be made earlier than the first quarter of 2009. Distributions of cash determined by the General Partner to be available therefore will be made to the Limited Partners quarterly and to the General Partner at any time. All Partnership funds distributed to the Limited Partners shall be distributed to the persons who were record holders of Units on the day on which the distribution is made. Thus, regardless of when an assignment of Units is made, any distribution with respect to the Units which are assigned will be made entirely to the assignee without regard to the period of time prior to the date of such assignment that the assignee holds the Units.

The Partnership will terminate automatically on December 31, 2038 unless prior thereto the General Partner or Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units elect to terminate the Partnership as of an earlier date. On termination of the Partnership, the debts, liabilities and obligations of the Partnership will be paid and the Partnership’s oil and gas properties and any tangible equipment, materials or other personal property may be sold for cash. The cash received will be used to make certain adjusting payments to the Partners (see “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Termination”). Any remaining cash and properties will then be distributed to the Partners in proportion to and to the extent of any remaining balances in the Partners’ capital accounts and then in undivided percentage interests to the Partners in the same proportions that Partnership Revenues are being shared at the time of such termination (see “SUMMARY OF THE LIMITED PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT — Termination”).

Deposit and Use of Funds

Until required in the conduct of the Partnership’s business, Partnership funds, including, but not limited to, the Capital Contributions, Partnership Revenue and proceeds of borrowings by the Partnership, will be deposited, with or without interest, in one or more bank accounts of the Partnership in a bank or banks to be selected by the General Partner or invested in short-term United States government securities, money market funds, bank certificates of deposit or commercial paper rated as “A1” or “P1” as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, deems advisable. Any interest or other income generated by such deposits or investments will be for the Partnership’s account. Except for Capital Contributions, Partnership funds from any of the various sources mentioned above may be commingled with funds of the General Partner and may be used, expended and distributed as authorized by the terms and provisions of the Agreement. The General Partner will be entitled to prompt reimbursement of expenses it incurs on behalf of the Partnership.

Power and Authority

In managing the business and affairs of the Partnership, the General Partner is authorized to take such action as it considers appropriate and in the best interests of the Partnership (see Section 10.1 of the Agreement). The General Partner is authorized to engage legal counsel and otherwise to act with respect to Service audits, assessments and administrative and judicial proceedings as it deems in the best interests of the Partnership and pursuant to the provisions of the Code.

The General Partner is granted a broad power of attorney authorizing it to execute certain documents required in connection with the organization, qualification, continuance, modification and termination of the Partnership on behalf of the Limited Partners (see Sections 1.5 and 1.6 of the Agreement). Certain actions, such as an assignment for the benefit of its creditors or a sale of substantially all of the Partnership Properties, except in connection with the termination, roll-up or consolidation of the Partnership, cannot be taken by the General Partner without the consent of a majority in interest of the Limited Partners and the receipt of an opinion of Counsel as described under “Assignments by the General Partner” below (see Sections 10.15 and 12.1 of the Agreement).

The Agreement provides that the General Partner will either conduct the Partnership’s drilling and production operations and operate each Partnership Well or arrange for a third party operator to conduct such operations. The General Partner will, on behalf of the Partnership, enter into an appropriate operating agreement with the other owners of properties to be developed by the Partnership authorizing either the General Partner or a third party operator to conduct such operations. The Partnership Agreement further provides that the Partnership will take such action in connection with operations pursuant to such operating agreements as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate and in the best interests of the Partnership, and the decision of the General Partner with respect thereto will be binding on the Partnership.

 

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Rollup or Consolidation of the Partnership

Two years or more after the Partnership has completed substantially all of its property acquisition, drilling and development operations, the General Partner may, without the vote, consent or approval of the Limited Partners, cause all or substantially all of the oil and gas properties and other assets of the Partnership to be sold, assigned or transferred to, or the Partnership merged or consolidated with, another partnership or a corporation, trust or other entity for the purpose of combining the assets of two or more of the oil and gas partnerships formed for investment or participation by employees, directors and/or consultants of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries; provided, however, that the valuation of the oil and gas properties and other assets of all such participating partnerships for purposes of such transfer or combination shall be made on a consistent basis and in a manner which the General Partner and UNIT believe is fair and equitable to the Limited Partners. As a consequence of any such transfer or combination, the Partnership will be dissolved and terminated and the Limited Partners shall receive partnership interests, stock or other equity interests in the transferee or resulting entity. See “RISK FACTORS — Investment Risks—Roll-Up or Consolidation of the Partnership.”

Limited Liability

Under the Act, a limited partner is not generally liable for partnership obligations unless he or she takes part in the control of the business. The Agreement provides that the Limited Partners cannot bind or commit the Partnership or take part in the control of its business or management of its affairs, and that the Limited Partners will not be personally liable for any debts or losses of the Partnership. However, the amounts contributed to the Partnership by the Limited Partners and the Limited Partners’ interests in Partnership assets, including amounts of undistributed Partnership Revenue allocable to the Limited Partners, will be subject to the claims of creditors of the Partnership. A Limited Partner (or his or her estate) will be obligated to contribute cash to the Partnership, even if the Limited Partner is unable to do so because of death, disability or any other reason, for:

 

  (1) any unpaid contribution which the Limited Partner agreed to make to the Partnership; and

 

  (2) any return, in whole or in part, of the Limited Partner’s contribution to the extent necessary to discharge Partnership liabilities to all creditors who extended credit or whose claims arose before such return.

Liability of a Limited Partner is limited by the Act to one year for any return of his or her contribution not in violation of the Partnership Agreement or such Act and six years on any return of his or her contribution in violation of the Partnership Agreement or such Act. A partner is deemed to have received a return of his or her contribution to the extent that a distribution to him or her reduces his or her share of the fair value of the net assets of the Partnership below the value of his or her contribution which has not been distributed to him or her. How this provision applies to a partnership whose primary assets are producing oil and gas properties or other depleting assets is not entirely clear. The Agreement provides that for the purposes of this provision, the value of a Limited Partner’s contribution which has not been distributed to him or her at any point in time will be the Limited Partner’s Percentage of the stated capital of the Partnership allocated to the Limited Partners as reflected in its financial statements as of such point in time.

Maintenance of limited liability of the Limited Partners in other jurisdictions in which the Partnership may operate may require compliance with certain legal requirements of those jurisdictions. In such jurisdictions, the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to operate in such a manner as it, on the advice of responsible Counsel, deems appropriate to avoid unlimited liability for the Limited Partners (see Sections 1.5, 12.1 and 12.2 of the Agreement). After the termination of the Partnership, any distribution of Partnership Properties to the Limited Partners would result in their having unlimited liability with respect to such properties.

Although the Partnership will, with certain limited exceptions, serve as a co-general partner of any drilling or income programs formed by UNIT or UPC in 2008 (see “PROPOSED ACTIVITIES”), the general liability of the Partnership will not flow through to the Limited Partners.

 

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Records, Reports and Returns

The General Partner will maintain adequate books, records, accounts and files for the Partnership and keep the Limited Partners informed by means of written interim reports rendered within 60 days after each quarter of the Partnership’s fiscal year. The reports will set forth the source and disposition of Partnership Revenues during the quarter.

Engineering reports on the Partnership Properties will be prepared by the General Partner for each year for which the General Partner prepares such a report in connection with its own activities. Such report will include an estimate of the total oil and gas proven reserves of the Partnership, the dollar value thereof and the value of the Limited Partners’ interest in such reserve value. The report shall also contain an estimate of the life of the Partnership Properties and the present worth of the reserves. Each Limited Partner will receive a summary statement of such report which will reflect the value of the Limited Partners’ interest in such reserves.

The General Partner will timely file the Partnership’s income tax returns and by March 15 of each year or as soon thereafter as practicable, furnish each person who was a Limited Partner during the prior year all available information necessary for inclusion in his or her federal income tax return. (See Section 8.1 of the Agreement).

Transferability of Interests

Restrictions. A Limited Partner may not transfer or assign Units except for certain transfers:

 

   

to the General Partner;

 

   

to or for the benefit of himself or herself, his or her spouse, or other members of the transferor Limited Partner’s immediate family sharing the same residence;

 

   

to any corporation or other entity whose beneficial owners are all Limited Partners or permitted assignees;

 

   

by the General Partner to any person who at the time of such transfer is an employee of the General Partner, UNIT or its subsidiaries; and

 

   

by reason of death or operation of law.

Further, no sale or exchange of any Units may be made if the sale of such interest would, in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership, result in a termination of the Partnership for purposes of Section 708 of the Code, violate any applicable securities laws or cause the Partnership to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation or publicly traded partnership for federal income tax purposes; provided, however, that this condition may be waived by the General Partner, in its sole discretion. Moreover, in no event shall all or any portion of a Limited Partner’s Units be assigned to a minor or an incompetent, except by will, intestate succession, in trust, or pursuant to the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act.

As the offer and sale of the Units are not being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, they may be sold, transferred, assigned or otherwise disposed of by a Limited Partner only if, in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership, such transfer or assignment would not violate, or cause the offering of the Units to be volative of, such act or applicable state securities laws, including investor suitability standards thereunder. Because of the structure and anticipated operation of the Partnership, Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933 will not be available to Limited Partners in connection with any such sales.

Assignees . An assignee of a Limited Partner does not automatically become a Substituted Limited Partner, but has the right to receive the same share of Partnership Revenue and distributions thereof to which the assignor Limited Partner would have been entitled. A Limited Partner who assigns his or her Partnership interest ceases to be a Limited Partner, except that until a Substituted Limited Partner is admitted in his or her place, the assignor retains the statutory rights of an assignor of a Limited Partner’s interest under the partnership laws of the State of Oklahoma. The assignee of a Partnership interest who does not become a Substituted Limited Partner and desires to make a further assignment of such interest is subject to all of the restrictions on transferability of Partnership interests described herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

 

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In the event of the death, incapacity or bankruptcy of a Limited Partner, his or her legal representatives will have all the rights of a Limited Partner only for the purpose of settling or liquidating his or her estate and such power as the decedent, incompetent or bankrupt Limited Partner possessed to assign all or any part of his or her interest in the Partnership and to join with such assignee in satisfying conditions precedent to such assignee’s becoming a Substituted Limited Partner.

A purported sale, assignment or transfer of a Limited Partner’s interest will be recognized by the Partnership when it has received written notice of such sale or assignment in form satisfactory to the General Partner, signed by both parties, containing the purchaser’s or assignee’s acceptance of the terms of the Agreement and a representation by the parties that the sale or assignment was lawful. Such sale or assignment will be recognized as of the date of such notice, except that if such date is more than 30 days prior to the time of filing, such sale or assignment will be recognized as of the time the notice was filed with the Partnership. Distributions of Partnership Revenue will be made only to those persons who were record owners of Units on the day any such distribution is made.

Substituted Limited Partners . No Limited Partner has the right to substitute an assignee as a Limited Partner in his or her place. The General Partner, however, has the right in its sole discretion to permit such assignee to become a Substituted Limited Partner and any such permission by the General Partner is binding and conclusive without the consent or approval of any Limited Partner. Any Substituted Limited Partner must, as a condition to receiving any interest of the Limited Partner, agree in writing to be bound by the terms and conditions of the Partnership Agreement, pay or agree to pay the costs and expenses incurred by the Partnership in taking the actions necessary in connection with his or her substitution as a Limited Partner and satisfy the other conditions specified in Article XIII of the Partnership Agreement.

Assignments by the General Partner . The General Partner may not sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of its interest in the Partnership except with the prior consent of a majority in interest of the Limited Partners, provided that no such consent is required if the sale, assignment or transfer is pursuant to a bona fide merger, other corporate reorganization or complete liquidation, sale of substantially all of the General Partner’s assets (provided the purchasers agree to assume the duties and obligations of the General Partner) or any sale or transfer to UNIT or any affiliate of UNIT. Any consent of the Limited Partners will not be effective without an opinion of counsel to the Partnership or an order or judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction to the effect that the exercise of such right will not be deemed to evidence that the Limited Partners are taking part in the management of the Partnership’s business and affairs and will not result in a loss of any Limited Partner’s limited liability or cause the Partnership to be classified as an association taxable as a corporation or publicly traded partnership for federal income tax purposes (see Section 12.1 of the Agreement). Any transferee of the General Partner’s interest may become a substitute General Partner by assuming and agreeing to perform all of the duties and obligations of a General Partner under the Agreement. In such event, the transferring General Partner, on making a proper accounting to the substitute General Partner, will be relieved of any further duties or obligations with respect to any future Partnership operations.

Amendments

The Agreement may be amended on the approval by a majority in interest of the Limited Partners, except that amendments changing the Partners’ participation in costs and revenues, increasing or decreasing the General Partner’s compensation or otherwise materially and adversely affecting the interests of either the Limited Partners or the General Partner must be approved by all Limited Partners if their interests would be adversely affected thereby or by the General Partner if its interest would be adversely affected thereby. The Limited Partners have no right to propose amendments to the Agreement.

Voting Rights

Under the Agreement, the Limited Partners will have very limited rights to vote on any Partnership matters. Except for certain special amendments referred to under “Amendments” above, matters submitted to the Limited Partners for determination will be determined by the affirmative vote of Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units. Units held by the General Partner may be voted by it.

 

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Generally, Limited Partners owning more than 50% of the outstanding Units of the Partnership may, without the necessity of concurrence by the General Partner, vote to:

 

   

Approve the execution or delivery of any assignment for the benefit of the Partnership’s creditors;

 

   

Approve the sale or disposal of all or substantially all of the Partnership’s assets, except pursuant to (i) a rollup or consolidation of the Partnership (see “Rollup or Consolidation of the Partnership” above) or (ii) termination (see “Termination” below);

 

   

Approve the General Partner’s sale, assignment, transfer or disposal of its interest in the Partnership, unless such sale, assignment or transfer is pursuant to (i) a merger or other corporate reorganization, or liquidation or sale of substantially all of its assets, and the purchaser agrees to assume the duties and obligations of the General Partner, or (ii) any sale to UNIT or its affiliates;

 

   

Terminate and dissolve the Partnership; or

 

   

Approve any amendments to the Agreement which may be proposed by the General Partner;

provided, however, any approvals, consents or elections of the Limited Partners will not become effective unless prior to the exercise thereof the General Partner is furnished with an opinion of counsel for the Partnership, or an order or judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction, that the exercise of such rights:

 

   

Will not be deemed to evidence that the Limited Partners are taking part in the control or management of the Partnership’s business affairs;

 

   

Will not result in the loss of any Limited Partner’s limited liability under the Act; and

 

   

Will not result in the Partnership being classified as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

Exculpation and Indemnification of the General Partner

Pursuant to the Agreement, neither the General Partner or any affiliate thereof will have any liability to the Partnership or to any Partners therein for any loss suffered by the Partnership or such Partner that arises out of any action or inaction of the General Partner or any affiliate thereof if the General Partner or affiliate thereof in good faith determined that such course of conduct was in the best interest of the Partnership, the General Partner or affiliate was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Partnership, such liability or loss was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct by the General Partner or affiliates thereof, and payments arising from such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless are receivable only out of the tangible net assets of the Partnership.

Termination

The Partnership will terminate automatically on December 31, 2038. In addition, on the dissolution (other than pursuant to a merger, or other corporate reorganization or sale), bankruptcy, legal disability or withdrawal of the General Partner, the Partnership shall immediately be dissolved and terminated. The Act provides, however, that the Limited Partners may elect to reform and reconstitute themselves as a limited partnership within 90 days after such dissolution under the provisions in the Partnership Agreement or under any other terms. The Partnership may terminate sooner if a majority in interest of the Limited Partners or the General Partner elects to dissolve and terminate the Partnership as of an earlier date. Such right to accelerate termination of the Partnership by the Limited Partners will not be available unless prior to any exercise thereof the Limited Partners proposing such termination obtain and furnish to the General Partner an opinion, order or judgment in the form referred to above under “Transferability of Interests—Assignments by the General Partner.” The withdrawal, expulsion, dissolution, death, legal disability, bankruptcy or insolvency of any Limited Partner will not effect a dissolution or termination of the Partnership. In the event of an election to terminate the Partnership prior to expiration of its stated terms, 90 days’ prior written notice must be given to all Partners specifying the termination date which must be the last day of a calendar month following such 90 day period unless an earlier date is approved by Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units.

 

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When the Partnership is terminated, there will be an accounting with respect to its assets, liabilities and accounts. The Partnership’s physical property and its oil and gas properties may be sold for cash. Except in the case of an election by the General Partner to terminate the Partnership before the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date, Partnership Properties may be sold to the General Partner or any of its affiliates for their fair market value as determined in good faith by the General Partner.

On termination, all of the Partnership’s debts, liabilities and obligations, including expenses incurred in connection with the termination and the sale or distribution of Partnership assets, will be paid. All Partnership borrowings will be paid in full. When the specified payments have all been made, the remaining cash and properties of the Partnership, if any, will be distributed to the Partners as set forth under “Partnership Distributions” above (see Section 16.4 of the Agreement). Such distribution will result in the Limited Partners’ having unlimited liability with respect to any Partnership Properties distributed to them.

Insurance

The General Partner will use its best efforts to obtain such insurance as it deems prudent to serve as protection against liability for loss and damage. Such insurance may include, but is not limited to, public liability, automotive liability, workers’ compensation and employer’s liability insurance and blowout and control of well insurance.

COUNSEL

Conner & Winters, LLP, 4000 One Williams Center, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74172-0148, has acted as special counsel to the General Partner in connection with certain aspects of this offering. Conner & Winters has assisted in the preparation of the Agreement and this Memorandum. In connection with the preparation of this Memorandum, Conner & Winters has relied entirely on information submitted to it by the General Partner. Certain of this information has been verified by Conner & Winters in the course of its representation, but no systematic effort has been made to verify all of the material information contained herein, and much of such information is not subject to independent verification. In addition, Conner & Winters has made no independent investigation of the financial information concerning the General Partner. Further, while passing on certain legal matters, Conner & Winters has not passed on the investment merits nor is it qualified to do so. Because substantial portions of the information contained in this Memorandum have not been independently verified, each investor must make whatever independent inquiries the investor or his or her advisors deem necessary or desirable to verify or confirm the statements made herein.

GLOSSARY

As used herein and in the Agreement, the following terms and phrases will have the meanings indicated.

(a) Additional Assessments are amounts required to be contributed by the Limited Partners to the Partnership on a call therefore by the General Partner in the manner described under “ADDITIONAL FINANCING — Additional Assessments.”

(b) An affiliate of another person is (1) any person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding with power to vote 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other person; (2) any person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by such other person; (3) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such other person; (4) any officer, director, trustee or partner of such other person; and (5) if such other person is an officer, director, trustee or partner, any company for which such person acts in any such capacity.

(c) The Aggregate Subscription is the sum of the Capital Subscriptions of all Limited Partners.

(d) Agreement and Partnership Agreement refers to the Agreement of Limited Partnership attached as Exhibit A to this Private Offering Memorandum.

(e) The Capital Contribution of a Limited Partner is the amount of the Capital Subscription actually paid in by him or her, or by any predecessor in interest, to the capital of the Partnership including any payments made by

 

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deductions from salary. The “Capital Contribution” of the General Partner includes the amounts contributed to the Partnership or paid by the General Partner or by any Limited Partner whose Units are purchased by the General Partner pursuant to Section 4.2 of the Agreement because of a default by such Limited Partner in the payment of an Installment or pursuant to Article XV of the Agreement, including payments made by deductions from the salary of such Limited Partner.

(f) The Capital Subscription of a Limited Partner or his or her assignee (including the General Partner where Units are transferred pursuant to Section 4.2 of the Agreement) is the amount specified in the Subscription Agreement executed by such Limited Partner for payment by him or her to the capital of the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement, reduced by the amounts thereof from which the Limited Partners have been released by the General Partner of their obligation to pay.

(g) A Development Well means a well intended to be drilled within the proved areas of a known oil or gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.

(h) Director refers to the duly elected directors of UNIT as well as all honorary directors and consultants to the Board of Directors of UNIT.

(i) Drilling Costs are those costs incurred in drilling, testing, completing and equipping a well to the point that it proves to be dry and is abandoned or is ready to commence commercial production of oil or gas therefrom.

(j) Effective Date refers to the date on which the certificate evidencing formation of the Partnership is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Oklahoma as required by the Act (54 Okla. Stat. 2001, Section 309).

(k) An Exploratory Well means a well drilled to find production in an unproven area, to find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive or to extend greatly the limits of a known reservoir.

(l) A farm-out is an agreement whereby the owner of an oil and gas property agrees to assign such property, usually retaining some interest therein such as an overriding royalty, a production payment, a net profits interest or a carried working interest, subject in most cases, however, to the drilling of one or more wells or other performance by the prospective assignee as a condition of the assignment.

(m) The General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution is that amount equal to the total of (i) all Partnership costs and expenses charged to its account from the time of the formation of the Partnership through December 31, 2008, plus (ii) the General Partner’s estimate of the total Leasehold Acquisition Costs and Drilling Costs expected to be incurred by the Partnership subsequent to December 31, 2008, if any, minus (iii) the amount, if any, of the unexpended Aggregate Subscription at December 31, 2008.

(n) The General Partner’s Percentage is that percentage determined by dividing the amount of the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution by the total of (i) the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution plus (ii) the Aggregate Subscription.

(o) Installments refer to the periodic payments of the Capital Subscription, which are payable either (i) in four equal installments due on March 15, June 15, September 15, 2008 and December 15, 2008, respectively, or (ii) if an employee so elects, through equal deductions from 2008 salary commencing immediately after formation of the Partnership.

(p) Leasehold Acquisition Costs with respect to properties, if any, acquired by the Partnership from non-affiliated parties mean the actual costs to the Partnership of and in acquiring the properties, and, with respect to properties acquired by the Partnership from the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates are, without duplication, the sum of:

 

  (1) the prices paid by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates in acquiring an oil and gas property, including purchase option fees and charges, bonuses and penalties, if any;

 

  (2) title insurance or examination costs, broker’s commissions, filing fees, recording costs, transfer taxes, if any, and like charges incurred in connection with the acquisition of such property;

 

  (3) a pro rata portion of the actual, necessary and reasonable expenses of the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates for seismic and geophysical services;

 

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  (4) rentals, shut-in royalties and ad valorem taxes paid by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates with respect to such property to the date of its transfer to the Partnership;

 

  (5) interest and points actually incurred on funds used by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates to acquire or maintain such property; and

 

  (6) such portion of the General Partner’s, UNIT or its affiliates’ reasonable, necessary and actual expenses for geological, engineering, drafting, accounting, legal and other like services allocated to the acquisition, operations and maintenance of the property in accordance with generally accepted industry practices, except for expenses in connection with the past drilling of wells which are not producers of sufficient quantities of oil or gas to make commercially reasonable their continued operations, and provided that the costs and expenses enumerated in (4), (5) and (6) above with respect to any particular property shall have been incurred not more than thirty-six (36) months prior to the acquisition of such property by the Partnership.

In the event a fractional undivided interest in a property is sold or transferred by the General Partner, UNIT or any affiliate to an unaffiliated third party for an amount in excess of that portion of the original cost of the property attributable to the transferred interest, the amount of such excess shall not reduce or be offset against the amount of the Leasehold Acquisition Costs attributable to any interest in the same property which is transferred to the Partnership.

(q) Limited Partners are those persons who acquire Units in the Partnership on its formation and those transferees of Units who are accepted as Substituted Limited Partners. The General Partner may also be a Limited Partner if it subscribes for Units or if it subsequently acquires Units by (i) the exercise by a Limited Partner of his or her right of presentment; (ii) a purchase by the General Partner of the Units of a Limited Partner who defaults in the payment of an Installment; or (iii) any other assignment or transfer.

(r) The Limited Partners’ Percentage is that percentage determined by dividing the amount of the Aggregate Subscription by the total of (i) the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution plus (ii) the Aggregate Subscription.

(s) Normal Retirement means retirement under the terms of a pension or similar retirement plan adopted by the General Partner, UNIT or any subsidiary with whom a Limited Partner is employed as in effect at the time of retirement.

(t) Oil and gas properties are oil and gas leasehold working interests, fee interests, mineral interests, royalty interests, overriding royalty interests, production payments, options or rights to lease or acquire such interests, geophysical exploration permits and any tangible or intangible properties or other rights incident thereto, whether real, personal or mixed.

(u) Operating Expenses are expenditures made and costs incurred in producing and marketing oil or gas from completed wells, including, in addition to labor, fuel, repairs, hauling, material, supplies, utility charges and other costs incident to or necessary for the maintenance or operation of such wells or the marketing of production therefrom, ad valorem, severance and other such taxes (other than windfall profit taxes), insurance and casualty loss expense and compensation to well operators or others for services rendered in conducting such operations.

(v) The General Partner and the Limited Partners are sometimes collectively referred to as the Partners .”

(w) Partnership Agreement and “Agreement” refer to the Agreement of Limited Partnership attached as Exhibit A to this Private Offering Memorandum.

(x) The Partnership Properties are oil and gas properties or interests therein acquired by the Partnership or properties acquired by any partnership or joint venture in which the Partnership is a partner or joint venturer, whether acquired by purchase, option exercise or otherwise.

(y) Partnership Revenue refers to the Partnership’s gross revenues from all sources, including interest income, proceeds from sales of production, the Partnership’s share of revenues from partnerships or joint ventures of which it is a member, sales or other dispositions of Partnership Properties or other Partnership assets, provided that contributions to Partnership capital by the Partners and the proceeds of any Partnership borrowings are specifically excluded and dry-hole and bottom-hole contributions shall be treated as reductions of the costs giving rise to the right to receive such contributions.

 

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(z) Partnership Wells are any and all of the oil and gas wells in which the Partnership has an interest, either directly or indirectly through any other partnership or joint venture.

(aa) Productive properties are oil and gas properties that have been tested by drilling and determined to be capable of producing oil or gas in commercial quantities.

(bb) A spacing unit is a drilling and spacing, production or similar unit established by any regulatory body with jurisdiction, or in the absence of such a regulatory body or action thereby, the acreage attributable to wells drilled under the normal spacing pattern in such area or if no such spacing unit is designated, in keeping with generally accepted industry practices, or the largest of such units in the event of multiple objective formations.

(cc) Special Production and Marketing Costs are costs and expenses that are not normally and customarily incurred in connection with drilling, producing and marketing operations, including without limitation, costs incurred in constructing compressor plants, gasoline plants, gas gathering systems, natural gas processing plants, pipeline systems and salt water disposal systems and costs incurred in installing pressure maintenance and secondary or tertiary production projects.

(dd) Subscription Agreement refers to the form of Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement attached as Attachment I to the Partnership Agreement.

(ee) A Substituted Limited Partner is a transferee, donee, heir, legatee or other recipient of all or any portion of a Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership with respect to whom all conditions and consents required to become a Substituted Limited Partner under Article XIII of the Partnership Agreement have been satisfied and given.

(ff) A Unit is a preformation unit of limited partnership interest of a Limited Partner in the Partnership representing a Capital Subscription of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000).

 

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FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Unit Petroleum Company functions as the operating entity for all oil and natural gas exploration and production activities including operating any partnerships for UNIT.

The consolidated balance sheet of Unit Petroleum Company at October 31, 2007 is unaudited and includes all adjustments which UNIT considers necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position of Unit Petroleum Company at October 31, 2007.

Unit Petroleum Company

Consolidated Balance Sheet

(In Thousands)

 

     October 31,
2007
(Unaudited)
Assets   

Current Assets:

  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 601

Trade accounts receivable

     28,809

Materials and supplies, at lower of cost or market

     15,650

Other

     490
      

Total current assets

     45,550
      

Property and Equipment:

  

Oil and natural gas properties, on the full cost method

     1,536,022

Other

     806
      
     1,536,828

Less accumulated depreciation, depletion, amortization and impairment

     562,294
      

Net property and equipment

     974,534
      

Other Assets

     43
      

Total Assets

   $ 1,020,127
      
Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity   

Current Liabilities:

  

Current portion of long-term liabilities

     1,684

Accounts payable

     18,319

Accounts payable to parent

     135,336

Contract advances

     2,283

Accrued liabilities

     7,482
      

Total current liabilities

     165,104
      

Other Long-Term Liabilities

     30,283
      

Deferred Income Taxes

     225,293
      

Shareholders’ Equity:

  

Common stock, $1.00 par value, 500 shares authorized and outstanding

     1

Capital in excess of par value

     31,543

Retained earnings

     567,903
      

Total shareholders’ Equity

     599,447
      

Total Liabilities and Shareholders’ Equity

   $ 1,020,127
      

 

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EXHIBIT A

UNIT 2008 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 

A-1


INDEX

 

ARTICLE I Formation of Limited Partnership

   3

ARTICLE II Definitions

   4

ARTICLE III Purposes and Powers of the Partnership

   7

ARTICLE IV Partner Capital Contributions

   8

ARTICLE V Deposit and Use of Capital Contributions and Other Partnership Funds

   10

ARTICLE VI Sharing of Costs, Capital Accounts and Allocation of Charges and Income

   11

ARTICLE VII Fiscal Year, Accountings and Reports

   15

ARTICLE VIII Tax Returns and Elections

   15

ARTICLE IX Distributions

   16

ARTICLE X Rights, Duties and Obligations of the General Partner

   16

ARTICLE XI Compensation and Reimbursements

   20

ARTICLE XII Rights and Obligations of Limited Partners

   21

ARTICLE XIII Transferability of Limited Partner’s Interest

   21

ARTICLE XIV Assignments by the General Partner

   23

ARTICLE XV Limited Partners’ Right of Presentment

   24

ARTICLE XVI Termination and Dissolution of Partnership

   25

ARTICLE XVII Notices

   27

ARTICLE XVIII Amendments

   27

ARTICLE XIX General Provisions

   28

 

ATTACHMENT I

  Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement    I-1

 

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UNIT 2008 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

THIS AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP (this “Agreement” ) is made and entered into by and among Unit Petroleum Company, an Oklahoma corporation, hereinafter referred to as the “General Partner” or “UPC” (which term shall include any successors or assigns of UPC), and each of those persons who have executed a counterpart of the Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement attached as Attachment I to this Agreement that have been accepted by the General Partner, said persons being hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Limited Partners.”

WITNESSETH THAT:

ARTICLE I

Formation of Limited Partnership

1.1 The parties to this Agreement hereby form a Limited Partnership (the “Partnership” ) pursuant to the Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act of the State of Oklahoma (the “Act” ). The terms and provisions hereof will be construed and interpreted in accordance with the terms and provisions of the Act and if any of the terms and provisions of this Agreement should be deemed inconsistent with those terms and provisions of the Act which under the Act may not be altered by agreement of the parties, the Act will be controlling, but otherwise this Agreement will be controlling.

1.2 The Partnership will be conducted under the name of “Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership” in Oklahoma, and under such name or variations of such name as the General Partner deems appropriate to comply with the laws of the other jurisdictions in which the Partnership does business.

1.3 The principal office of the Partnership will be 7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136, or at such other location as may from time to time be designated by the General Partner, and the Partnership’s agent for service of process shall be Unit Corporation ( “UNIT,” which term shall include all or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates unless the context otherwise requires) at the same address.

1.4 The Partnership will be effective on the date on which the certificate evidencing formation of the Partnership is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Oklahoma. Its business and operations will not be commenced prior to such date. The Partnership will continue in existence until December 31, 2038, unless sooner terminated pursuant to any provisions of this Agreement.

1.5 The parties hereto will execute such certificates and other documents, and the General Partner will file, record and publish such certificates and documents, as may be necessary or appropriate to comply with the requirements for the formation and operation of a limited partnership under the Act and as the General Partner, upon advice of counsel, deems necessary or appropriate to comply with requirements of applicable laws governing the formation and operations of a limited partnership (or a partnership in which special partners have a limited liability) in all other jurisdictions where the Partnership desires to conduct business, including, but not limited to, filings under the Fictitious Name Act, Assumed Name Act or similar law in effect in the counties, parishes and other governmental jurisdictions in which the Partnership conducts business. The General Partner shall not be required to deliver or mail a copy of the certificate of limited partnership or any amendments thereto filed pursuant to the Act to the Limited Partners.

1.6 Each Limited Partner by his or her execution of a counterpart of the Subscription Agreement irrevocably constitutes and appoints the General Partner such Limited Partner’s true and lawful attorney and agent, with full power and authority in such Limited Partner’s name, place and stead, to execute, sign, acknowledge, swear to, deliver, file and record in the appropriate public offices (i) all certificates or other instruments (including, without limitation, counterparts of this Agreement) and

 

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amendments thereto which the General Partner deems appropriate to qualify or continue the Partnership as a limited partnership (or a partnership in which special partners have limited liability) in the jurisdictions in which the Partnership conducts business; (ii) all instruments and amendments thereto which the General Partner deems appropriate to reflect any change or modification of this Agreement, the admission of additional or substitute Partners in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, the release or waiver of the Limited Partners from the obligation to pay in one or more of the installments of their Capital Subscriptions pursuant to Section 4.2 below and the termination of the Partnership and the cancellation of the certificate of limited partnership; (iii) all conveyances and other instruments which the General Partner deems appropriate to evidence and reflect any sales or transfers, including sales or transfers upon or in connection with the dissolution and termination of the Partnership; and (iv) all consents to transfers of Partnership interests, to the admission of substitute or additional Partners or to the withdrawal or reduction of any Partner’s invested capital, to the extent that such actions are authorized by the terms of this Agreement. The Power of Attorney granted herein is irrevocable and is a power coupled with an interest and will survive the death, disability, dissolution, bankruptcy, insolvency or incapacity of a Limited Partner.

ARTICLE II

Definitions

2.1 Whenever used in this Agreement the following terms will have the meanings described below:

(a) The Additional Assessments of the Limited Partners are those amounts, if any, which they are required to pay into the capital of the Partnership pursuant to Section 5.3 of this Agreement.

(b) An affiliate of another person is (1) any person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding with power to vote 10% or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other person; (2) any person 10% or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled, or held with power to vote, by such other person; (3) any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with such other person; (4) any officer, director, trustee or partner of such other person; and (5) if such other person is an officer, director, trustee or partner, any company for which such person acts in any such capacity.

(c) The Aggregate Subscription is the sum of the Capital Subscriptions of all Limited Partners.

(d) The Capital Contribution of a Limited Partner is the amount of the Capital Subscription actually paid in by him or her, or by any predecessor in interest, to the capital of the Partnership, including any payments made by deductions from salary. The “Capital Contribution” of the General Partner includes the amounts contributed to the Partnership or paid by the General Partner or by any Limited Partner whose Units are purchased by the General Partner including purchases pursuant to Section 4.2 of this Agreement because of a default by such Limited Partner in the payment of a subscription installment or pursuant to Article XV of this Agreement, including payments made by deductions from the salary of such Limited Partner.

(e) The Capital Subscription of a Limited Partner or his or her assignee (including the General Partner where Units are transferred pursuant to Section 4.2 of this Agreement) is the amount specified in the Subscription Agreement executed by such Limited Partner for payment by him or her to the capital of the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement, reduced by the amount thereof from which the Limited Partner has been released by the General Partner of his or her obligation to pay pursuant to Section 4.2 hereof.

 

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(f) Drilling Costs are those costs incurred in drilling, testing, completing and equipping a Partnership Well to the point that it proves to be dry and is abandoned or is ready to commence commercial production of oil or gas therefrom.

(g) Effective Date refers to the date on which the certificate evidencing formation of the Partnership is filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Oklahoma as required by the Act (54 Okla. Stat. 2001, Section 309).

(h) A farm-out is an agreement whereby the owner of an oil and gas property agrees to assign such property, usually retaining some interest therein such as an overriding royalty, a production payment, a net profits interest or a carried working interest, subject in most cases, however, to the drilling of one or more wells or other performance by the prospective assignee as a condition of the assignment.

(i) The General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution is that amount equal to the total of (i) all Partnership costs and expenses charged to its account from the time of the formation of the Partnership through December 31, 2008, plus (ii) the General Partner’s estimate of the total Leasehold Acquisition Costs and Drilling Costs expected to be incurred by the Partnership subsequent to December 31, 2008, minus (iii) the amount, if any, of the unexpended Aggregate Subscription at December 31, 2008.

(j) The General Partner’s Percentage is that percentage determined by dividing the amount of the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution by the total of (i) the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution plus (ii) the Aggregate Subscription.

(k) Leasehold Acquisition Costs with respect to properties, if any, acquired by the Partnership from non-affiliated parties mean the actual costs to the Partnership of and in acquiring the properties, and, with respect to properties acquired by the Partnership from the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates, are, without duplication, the sum of: (1) the prices paid by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates in acquiring an oil and gas property, including purchase option fees and charges, bonuses and penalties, if any; (2) title insurance or examination costs, broker’s commissions, filing fees, recording costs, transfer taxes, if any, and like charges incurred in connection with the acquisition of such property; (3) a pro rata portion of the actual, necessary and reasonable expenses of the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates for seismic and geophysical services; (4) rentals, shut-in royalties and ad valorem taxes paid by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates with respect to such property to the date of its transfer to the Partnership; (5) interest and points actually incurred on funds used by the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates to acquire or maintain such property; and (6) such portion of the General Partner’s, UNIT’s or its affiliates’ reasonable, necessary and actual expenses for geological, engineering, drafting, accounting, legal and other like services allocated to the acquisition, operations and maintenance of the property in accordance with generally accepted industry practices, except for expenses in connection with the past drilling of wells which are not producers of sufficient quantities of oil or gas to make commercially reasonable their continued operations, and provided that the costs and expenses enumerated in (4), (5) and (6) above with respect to any particular property shall have been incurred not more than thirty-six (36) months prior to the acquisition of such property by the Partnership. In the event a fractional undivided interest in a property is sold or transferred by the General Partner, UNIT or any affiliate to an unaffiliated third party for an amount in excess of that portion of the original cost of the property attributable to the transferred interest, the amount of such excess shall not reduce or be offset against the amount of the Leasehold Acquisition Costs attributable to any interest in the same property which is transferred to the Partnership.

(l) Limited Partners are those persons who acquire Units in the Partnership upon its formation and those transferees of Units who are accepted as Substituted Limited Partners. The General Partner may also be a Limited Partner if it subscribes for Units or if it subsequently acquires Units by (i) the exercise by a Limited Partner of his or her right of presentment; (ii) a purchase by the General Partner of the Units of a Limited Partner who defaults in the payment of any subscription installment; or (iii) any other assignment or transfer.

 

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(m) The Limited Partners’ Percentage is that percentage determined by dividing the amount of the Aggregate Subscription by the total of (i) the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution plus (ii) the Aggregate Subscription.

(n) Normal Retirement means retirement under the provision of a pension or similar retirement plan adopted by the General Partner, UNIT or any subsidiary with whom a Limited Partner is employed as in effect at the time of the employee’s retirement.

(o) Oil and gas properties are oil and gas leasehold working interests, fee interests, mineral interests, royalty interests, overriding royalty interests, production payments, options or rights to lease or acquire such interests, geophysical exploration permits and any tangible or intangible properties or other rights incident thereto, whether real, personal or mixed.

(p) Operating Expenses are expenditures made and costs incurred in producing and marketing oil or gas from completed wells, including, in addition to labor, fuel, repairs, hauling, material, supplies, utility charges and other costs incident to or necessary for the maintenance or operation of such wells or the marketing of production therefrom, ad valorem, severance and other such taxes (other than windfall profit taxes), insurance and casualty loss expense and compensation to well operators or others for services rendered in conducting such operations.

(q) The General Partner and the Limited Partners are sometimes collectively referred to as the Partners.

(r) The Partnership Properties are oil and gas properties or interests therein acquired by the Partnership or properties acquired by any partnership or joint venture in which the Partnership is a partner or joint venturer, whether acquired by purchase, option exercise or otherwise.

(s) Partnership Revenue refers to the Partnership’s gross revenues from all sources, including interest income, proceeds from sales of production, the Partnership’s share of revenues from partnerships or joint ventures of which it is a member, sales or other dispositions of Partnership Properties or other Partnership assets, provided that contributions to Partnership capital by the Partners and the proceeds of any Partnership borrowings are specifically excluded and dry-hole and bottom-hole contributions shall be treated as reductions of the costs giving rise to the right to receive such contributions.

(t) Partnership Wells are any and all of the oil and gas wells in which the Partnership has an interest, either directly or indirectly through any other partnership or joint venture.

(u) Productive properties are oil and gas properties that have been tested by drilling and determined to be capable of producing oil or gas in commercial quantities.

(v) Special Production and Marketing Costs are costs and expenses that are not normally and customarily incurred in connection with drilling, producing and marketing operations, including without limitation, costs incurred in constructing compressor plants, gasoline plants, gas gathering systems, natural gas processing plants, pipeline systems and salt water disposal systems and costs incurred in installing pressure maintenance and secondary or tertiary production projects.

(w) Subscription Agreement refers to the form of Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement attached as Attachment I to this Agreement.

 

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(x) A Substituted Limited Partner is a transferee, donee, heir, legatee or other recipient of all or any portion of a Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership with respect to whom all conditions and consents required to become a Substituted Limited Partner under Article XIII have been satisfied and given.

(y) A Unit is a preformation unit of limited partnership interest of a Limited Partner in the Partnership representing a Capital Subscription of One Thousand Dollars ($1,000).

ARTICLE III

Purposes and Powers of the Partnership

3.1 The purposes of the Partnership will be to acquire productive oil and gas properties and to explore for, produce, treat, transport and market oil, gas or both, or products derived therefrom, anywhere in the United States. It is contemplated that all or most of the Partnership’s operations will be conducted as part of the operations of the General Partner and its affiliates, but the Partnership may engage in operations on its own or in conjunction with unaffiliated third parties. In accomplishing such purposes the Partnership may:

(a) acquire oil and gas properties, either alone or in conjunction with other parties;

(b) conduct geological and geophysical investigations, including, without limitation, seismic exploration, core drilling and other means and methods of exploration;

(c) drill, equip, complete, rework, reequip, recomplete, plug back, deepen, plug and abandon Partnership Wells as the General Partner deems advisable;

(d) acquire and dispose of tangible lease and well equipment for use or used in connection with Partnership Wells;

(e) employ or retain such personnel and obtain such legal, accounting, geological, geophysical, engineering and other professional services and advice as the General Partner may deem advisable in the course of the Partnership’s operations under this Agreement;

(f) either pay or elect not to pay delay rentals or shut-in royalties on Partnership Properties as appropriate in the judgment of the General Partner, it being understood that the General Partner will not be liable for failure to make correct or timely payments of delay rentals or shut-in royalties if such failure was due to any reason other than gross negligence or lack of good faith;

(g) make or give dry-hole or bottom-hole or other contributions of oil and gas properties, money or both, to encourage drilling by others in the vicinity of or on Partnership Properties;

(h) negotiate for and accept dry-hole, bottom-hole or other contributions of oil and gas properties, cash or both, as consideration for the drilling of a Partnership Well, with oil and gas properties so acquired, if any, to become Partnership Properties;

(i) pay all ad valorem taxes levied or assessed against the Partnership Properties, all taxes upon or measured by the production of oil or gas or other hydrocarbons therefrom, and all other taxes (other than income taxes) directly relating to operations conducted under this Agreement;

(j) enter into and operate pursuant to operating agreements with respect to Partnership Properties naming either the General Partner, any of its affiliates or a third party as operator, or enter into partnership agreements with third parties whereby the Partnership may be either a general or a limited partner (including any partnerships formed or sponsored by the General Partner or in which the General Partner may also be a partner), which operating or partnership agreements shall contain such terms, provisions and conditions as the General Partner deems appropriate;

 

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(k) execute all documents or instruments of any kind which the General Partner deems appropriate for carrying out the purposes of the Partnership, including, without limitation, unitization agreements, gasoline plant contracts, recycling agreements and agreements relating to pressure maintenance and secondary or tertiary production projects;

(l) purchase and establish inventories of equipment and material required or expected to be required in connection with its operations;

(m) contract or enter into agreements with unaffiliated third parties, the General Partner or its affiliates for the performance of services and the purchase and sale of material, equipment, supplies and property, both real and personal, provided, however, that any such contracts or agreements with the General Partner or any of its affiliates shall, except as otherwise provided herein, provide for prices, fees, rates, charges or other compensation which are not greater than those available from, being paid to or charged by unaffiliated third parties dealing at arm’s length in the same or a similar geographic area for the same or comparable services, material, equipment, supplies or property;

(n) conduct operations either alone or as a joint venturer, co-tenant, partner or in any other manner of participation with third persons and to enter into agreements and contracts setting forth the terms and provisions of such participation;

(o) borrow money from banks and other lending institutions for Partnership purposes and pledge Partnership Properties (including production therefrom) for the repayment of such loans, it being understood that no bank or other lending institution to which the General Partner makes application for a loan will be required to inquire as to the purposes for which such loan is sought, and as between the Partnership and such bank or lending institution it will be conclusively presumed that the proceeds of such loan are to be and will be used for purposes authorized under the terms of this Agreement;

(p) hold Partnership Properties in its own name or in the name of the General Partner, UNIT or any affiliate or any other party as nominee for the Partnership;

(q) sell, relinquish, release, farm-out, abandon or otherwise dispose of Partnership Properties, including undeveloped, productive and condemned properties;

(r) produce, treat, transport and market oil and gas and execute division orders, contracts for the marketing or sale of oil, gas or other hydrocarbons and other marketing agreements;

(s) purchase, sell or pledge payments out of production from Partnership Properties; and

(t) perform any and all other acts or activities customary or incident to exploration for or development, production and marketing of oil and gas.

ARTICLE IV

Partner Capital Contributions

4.1 The General Partner will have the unrestricted right to admit such parties as Limited Partners as it deems advisable. By their execution of the Subscription Agreement, the Limited Partners severally agree, subject to the acceptance of their subscription by the General Partner, to be bound by the terms hereof as Limited Partners.

 

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4.2 The Capital Subscriptions of the Limited Partners will be payable either (i) in four equal installments on March 15, 2008, June 15, 2008, September 15, 2008, and December 15, 2008, respectively, or (ii) by employees so electing, through equal deductions from 2008 salary paid to the employee by the General Partner, UNIT or its subsidiaries commencing immediately after the Effective Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if in the judgment of the General Partner, the entire amount of the Aggregate Subscription is not required for purposes of conducting the business, operations and affairs of the Partnership, the General Partner may, at its sole option, elect to release the Limited Partners from the obligation to pay in one or more of the installments of their Capital Subscriptions. If Units are acquired by a corporation or other entity, the beneficial owners of the interests therein shall be jointly and severally liable for the payment of the Capital Subscription. If an employee or director who has subscribed for Units (either directly or through a corporation or other entity) ceases to be employed by or a director of the General Partner, UNIT or any of its subsidiaries for any reason other than death, disability or Normal Retirement prior to the time the full amount of his or her Capital Subscription is paid, then the due date for any unpaid amount shall be accelerated so that the full amount of his or her unpaid Capital Subscription shall be due and payable on the effective date of such termination. The Capital Subscriptions shall be legally binding obligations of the Limited Partners and any past due amounts shall bear interest at the annual rate equal to two (2) percentage points in excess of the prime rate of interest of Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma, or successor bank, as announced and in effect from time to time, until paid. Further, in the event a Limited Partner fails to pay any installment when due, the General Partner, at its sole option and discretion, may elect to purchase the Units of such defaulting Limited Partner at a price equal to the total amount of the Capital Contributions actually paid into the Partnership by such defaulting Limited Partner, less the amount of any Partnership distributions that may have been received by him or her. Such option may be exercised by the General Partner by written notice to the Limited Partner at any time after the date that the unpaid installment was due and shall be deemed exercised when the amount of the purchase price is first tendered to the defaulting Limited Partner. The General Partner may, in its discretion, accept payments of delinquent installments but shall not be required to do so. In the event that the General Partner elects to purchase the Units of a defaulting Limited Partner, it shall pay into the Partnership the amount of the delinquent installment (excluding any interest that may have accrued thereon) and shall pay each additional installment, if any, payable with respect to such Units as it becomes due. By virtue of such purchase, the General Partner shall be allocated all Partnership Revenues and be charged with all Partnership costs and expenses attributable to such Units otherwise allocable or chargeable to the defaulting Limited Partner to the extent provided in Section 13.9.

4.3 If the Partnership requires funds to conduct Partnership operations during the period between any of the installments due as set forth in Section 4.2 above, then, notwithstanding the provisions of Section 5.4 below, the General Partner shall advance funds to the Partnership in an amount equal to the funds then required to conduct such operations but in no event more than the total amount of the Aggregate Subscription remaining unpaid. With respect to any such advances, the General Partner shall receive no interest thereon and no financing charges will be levied by the General Partner in connection therewith. The General Partner shall be repaid out of the Capital Subscription installments thereafter paid into the capital of the Partnership when due.

4.4 Additional Assessments required by the General Partner pursuant to Section 5.3 of this Agreement will be payable in cash on such date as the General Partner may set in its written notice, but in no event will such assessments be due earlier than thirty (30) days after the date of mailing of the notice. Notice of the General Partner’s call for Additional Assessments shall specify the amount required, the manner in which the additional funds will be expended, the date on which such amounts are payable, and the consequences of non-payment. The General Partner will not be required to accept late payments of such amounts, but it may in its discretion do so.

 

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4.5 The General Partner will contribute to the capital of the Partnership amounts equal to the total of all costs paid by the Partnership that are charged to the General Partner’s account as such costs are incurred.

ARTICLE V

Deposit and Use of Capital Contributions and

Other Partnership Funds

5.1 Until required in the conduct of the Partnership’s business, Partnership funds, including, but not limited to, Capital Contributions, Partnership Revenue and proceeds of borrowings by the Partnership, will be deposited, with or without interest, in one or more bank accounts of the Partnership in a bank or banks selected by the General Partner or invested in short-term United States government securities, money market funds, bank certificates of deposit or commercial paper rated as “A1” or “P1” as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, deems advisable. Any interest or other income generated by such deposits or investments will be for the Partnership’s account. Except for Capital Contributions, Partnership funds from any of the various sources mentioned above may be commingled with other Partnership funds and with the funds of the General Partner and may be withdrawn, expended and distributed as authorized by the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

5.2 The Capital Contributions of the Limited Partners will be expended for costs incurred by the Partnership that, in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, are properly chargeable to the Limited Partners’ accounts.

5.3 After the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, if the Aggregate Subscription has all been fully expended or committed and additional funds are required in order to pay Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs of productive properties which are chargeable to the Limited Partners, the General Partner may, but shall not be required to, make one or more calls for Additional Assessments from Limited Partners pursuant to Section 4.4; provided, however, that the aggregate amount of Additional Assessments called of the Limited Partners may not exceed $100 per Unit. The Limited Partners who do not respond will participate in production, if any, obtained from the aggregate Additional Assessments paid into the Partnership. However, the amount of the unpaid Additional Assessment shall bear interest at the annual rate equal to two (2) percentage points in excess of the prime rate of interest of Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma, or successor bank, as announced and in effect from time to time, until paid. The Partnership will have a lien on the defaulting Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership and the General Partner may apply Partnership Revenue otherwise available for distribution to the defaulting Limited Partner until an amount equal to the unpaid Additional Assessment and interest is received. Furthermore, the General Partner may satisfy such lien by proceeding with legal action to enforce the lien and the defaulting Limited Partner shall pay all expenses of collection, including interest, court costs and a reasonable attorney’s fee.

5.4 After the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to borrow funds for the purpose of paying Drilling Costs, Special Production and Marketing Costs or Leasehold Acquisition Costs of productive properties, which borrowings may be secured by interests in the Partnership Properties and will be repaid, including interest accruing thereon, out of Partnership Revenue allocable to the accounts of the Partners on whose behalf the proceeds of such borrowings are expended. The General Partner may, but is not required to, advance funds to the Partnership for the same purposes for which Partnership borrowings are authorized by this Section 5.4. With respect to any such advances, the General Partner shall receive interest in an amount equal to the lesser of the interest which would be charged to the Partnership by unrelated banks on comparable loans for the same purpose or the General Partner’s interest cost with respect to such loan, where it borrows the same. No financing charges will be levied by the General Partner in connection with any such loan. If Partnership borrowings secured by interests in the Partnership Properties and repayable

 

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out of Partnership Revenue cannot be arranged on a basis which, in the opinion of the General Partner, is fair and reasonable, and the entire sum required to pay costs of the type referred to above is not available from Partnership Revenue, the Partnership may elect not to drill or participate in the drilling of a well or the General Partner may dispose of the Partnership Properties upon which such operations were to be conducted by sale (subject to any other applicable provisions of this Agreement), farm-out or abandonment.

5.5 The General Partner may utilize Partnership Revenue allocable to the respective accounts of the Partners to pay any Partnership costs and expenses properly chargeable to the accounts of such Partners.

5.6 With respect to any Partnership activity and subject to the restrictions set forth in Sections 5.3 and 5.4 above, it shall be in the sole discretion of the General Partner whether to call for Additional Assessments, arrange for borrowings on behalf of the Partners, utilize Partnership Revenue or sell (subject to any other applicable provisions of this Agreement), farm-out or abandon Partnership Properties.

5.7 The Partnership Properties and production therefrom may be pledged, mortgaged or otherwise encumbered as security for borrowings by the Partnership authorized by Section 5.4 above, provided that the holder of indebtedness arising by virtue of such borrowings may not have or acquire, at any time as a result of making any such loans, any direct or indirect interest in the profits, capital or property of the Partnership other than as a secured creditor.

ARTICLE VI

Sharing of Costs, Capital Accounts and

Allocation of Charges and Income

6.1 All costs of organizing the Partnership and offering Units therein will be paid by the General Partner. All costs incurred in the offering and syndication of any drilling or income program formed by UPC or UNIT and its affiliates during 2008 in which the Partnership participates as a co-general partner will also be paid by the General Partner.

6.2 All other Partnership costs and expenses will be charged 99% to the accounts of the Limited Partners and 1% to the account of the General Partner until such time as the Aggregate Subscription has been fully expended. Thereafter and until the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, all of such costs and expenses will be charged to the General Partner. After the General Partner’s Minimum Capital Contribution has been fully expended, such costs and expenses will be charged to the respective accounts of the General Partner and the Limited Partners on the basis of their respective Percentages.

6.3 All Partnership Revenues will be allocated between the General Partner and the Limited Partners on the basis of their respective Percentages.

6.4 Partnership costs, expenses and Revenues which are charged and allocated to the Limited Partners shall be charged and allocated to their respective accounts in the proportion the Units of each Limited Partner bear to the total number of outstanding Units.

6.5 Capital accounts shall be established and maintained for each Partner in accordance with tax accounting principles and with valid regulations issued by the U.S. Treasury Department under subsection 704(b) (the “704 Regulations”) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). To the extent that tax accounting principles and the 704 Regulations may conflict, the latter shall control. In connection with the establishment and maintenance of such capital accounts, the following provisions shall apply:

(a) Each Partner’s capital account shall be (i) increased by the amount of money contributed by him or her to the Partnership, the fair market value of property contributed by him or her to the Partnership (net of liabilities securing such contributed property that the Partnership is considered to assume or take subject to under section 752 of the Code) and allocations to him or her of Partnership income and gain (except to the extent such income or gain has previously been reflected in his or her capital account by adjustments thereto) and (ii) decreased by the amount of money distributed to him or her by the Partnership, the fair market value of property distributed to him or her by the Partnership (net of liabilities securing such distributed property that such Partner is considered to assume or take subject to under section 752 of the Code) and allocations to him or her of Partnership loss, deduction (except to the extent such loss or deduction has previously been reflected in his or her capital account by adjustments thereto) and expenditures described in section 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code.

 

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(b) In the event Partnership Property is distributed to a Partner, then, before the capital account of such Partner is adjusted as required by subsection (a) of this Section 6.5, the capital accounts of the Partners shall be adjusted to reflect the manner in which the unrealized income, gain, loss and deduction inherent in such property (that has not been reflected in such capital accounts previously) would be allocated among the Partners if there were a taxable disposition of such property for its fair market value on the date of distribution.

(c) If, pursuant to this Agreement, Partnership Property is reflected on the books of the Partnership at a book value that differs from the adjusted tax basis of such property, then the Partners’ capital accounts shall be adjusted in accordance with the 704 Regulations for allocations to the Partners of depreciation, depletion, amortization, and gain or loss, as computed for book purposes, with respect to such property.

(d) The Partners’ capital accounts shall be adjusted for depletion and gain or loss with respect to the Partnership’s oil or gas properties in whichever of the following manners the General Partner determines is in the best interests of the Partners:

(i) the Partners’ capital accounts shall be reduced by a simulated depletion allowance computed on each oil or gas property using either the cost depletion method or the percentage depletion method (without regard to the limitations under the Code which could apply to less than all Partners); provided, however, that the choice between the cost depletion method and the simulated depletion method shall be made on a property-by-property basis in the first taxable year of the Partnership for which such choice is relevant for an oil or gas property, and such choice shall be binding for all Partnership taxable years during which such oil or gas property is held by the Partnership. Such reductions for depletion shall not exceed the aggregate adjusted basis allocated to the Partners with respect to such oil or gas property. Such reductions for depletion shall be allocated among the Partners’ capital accounts in the same proportions as the adjusted basis in the particular property is allocated to each Partner. Upon the taxable disposition of an oil or gas property by the Partnership, the Partnership’s simulated gain or loss shall be determined by subtracting its simulated adjusted basis (aggregate adjusted tax basis of the Partners less simulated depletion allowances) in such property from the amount realized on such disposition and the Partners’ capital accounts shall be increased or reduced, as the case may be, by the amount of the simulated gain or loss on such disposition in proportion to the Partners’ allocable shares of the total amount realized on such disposition, or

(ii) the Partnership shall reduce the capital account of each Partner in an amount equal to such Partner’s depletion allowance with respect to each oil or gas property of the Partnership (for the Partner’s taxable year that ends within the Partnership’s taxable year), but such reductions for depletion shall not exceed the adjusted basis allocated to such

 

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Partner with respect to such property. Upon the taxable disposition of an oil or gas property by the Partnership, the capital account of each Partner shall be reduced or increased, as the case may be, by the amount of the difference between such Partner’s allocable share of the total amount realized on such disposition and such Partner’s remaining adjusted tax basis in such property.

(e) For purposes of determining the capital account balance of any Partner as of the end of any Partnership taxable year for purposes of Subsection 6.6(f) hereof, such Partner’s capital account shall be reduced by:

(i) adjustments that, as of the end of such year, reasonably are expected to be made to such Partner’s capital account pursuant to paragraph (b)(2)(iv)(k) of the 704 Regulations for depletion allowances with respect to oil and gas properties of the Partnership,

(ii) allocations of loss and deduction that, as of the end of such year, reasonably are expected to be made to such Partner pursuant to Code section 704(e)(2), Code section 706(d), and paragraph (b)(2)(ii) of section 1.751-1 of regulations promulgated under the Code, and

(iii) distributions that, as of the end of such year, reasonably are expected to be made to such Partner to the extent they exceed offsetting increases to such Partner’s capital account that reasonably are expected to occur during (or prior to) the Partnership taxable years in which such distributions reasonably are expected to be made.

6.6 With respect to the various allocations of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction and credit for federal income tax purposes, it is hereby agreed as follows:

(a) To the extent permitted by law, all charges, deductions and losses shall be allocated for federal income tax purposes in the same manner as the costs in respect of which such charges, deductions and losses are charged to the respective accounts of the Partners. The Partners bearing the costs shall be entitled to the deductions (including, without limitation, cost recovery allowances, depreciation and cost depletion) and credits that are attributable to such costs.

(b) The Partnership shall allocate to each Partner his or her portion of the adjusted basis in each depletable Partnership Property as required by Section 613A(c)(7)(D) of the Code based upon the interest of said Partner in the capital of the Partnership as of the time of the acquisition of such Partnership Property. To the extent permitted by the Code, such allocation shall be based upon said Partner’s interest (i) in the Partnership capital used to acquire the property, or (ii) in the adjusted basis of the property if it is contributed to the Partnership. If such allocation of basis is not permitted under the Code, then basis will be allocated in the permissible manner which the General Partner deems will most closely achieve the result intended above.

(c) Partnership Revenue shall be allocated for federal income tax purposes in the same manner as it is allocated to the respective accounts of the Partners pursuant to Sections 6.3 and 6.4 above.

(d) Depreciation or cost recovery allowance recapture and recapture of intangible drilling and development costs, if any, due as a result of sales or dispositions of assets shall be allocated in the same proportion that the depreciation, cost recovery allowances or intangible drilling and development costs being recaptured were allocated.

(e) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary stated herein,

(i) there shall be allocated first to other Limited Partners and then to the General Partner any item of loss, deduction, credit or allowance that, but for this Subsection 6.6(e), would have been allocated to any Limited Partner that is not obligated to restore

 

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any deficit balance in such Limited Partner’s capital account and would have thereupon caused or increased a deficit balance in such Limited Partner’s capital account as of the end of the Partnership’s taxable year to which such allocation related (after taking into consideration the numbered items specified in Subsection 6.5(e) hereof);

(ii) any Limited Partner that is not obligated to restore any deficit balance in such Limited Partner’s capital account who unexpectedly receives an adjustment, allocation or distribution specified in Subsection 6.5(e) hereof shall be allocated items of income and gain in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate such deficit balance as quickly as possible; and

(iii) in the event any allocations of loss, deduction, credit or allowance are made to a Limited Partner or the General Partner pursuant to clause (i) of this Subsection 6.6(e), then such Limited Partner and/or the General Partner shall be subsequently allocated all items of income and gain pro rata as they were allocated the item(s) of loss, deduction, credit or allowance under such clause (i) until the aggregate amount of such allocations of income and gain is equal to the aggregate amount of any such allocations of loss, deduction, credit or allowance allocated to such Partner(s) pursuant to clause (i) of this Subsection 6.6(e).

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if, under any provision of this Agreement, the capital account of any Partner is adjusted to reflect the difference between the basis to the Partnership of Partnership Property and such property’s fair market value, then all items of income, gain, loss and deduction with respect to such property shall be allocated among the Partners so as to take account of the variation between the basis of such property and its fair market value at the time of the adjustment to such Partner’s capital account in accordance with the requirements of subsection 704(c) of the Code, or in the same manner as provided under subsection 704(c) of the Code.

6.7 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary that may be expressed or implied in this Agreement, the interest of the General Partner in each material item of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction or credit shall be equal to at least one percent of each such item at all times during the existence of the Partnership. In determining the General Partner’s interest in such items, Units owned by the General Partner shall not be taken into account.

6.8 Except as provided in subsections (a) through (d) of this Section 6.8, in the case of a change in a Partner’s interest in the Partnership during a taxable year of the Partnership, all Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction or credit allocable to the Partners shall be allocated to the persons who were Partners during the period to which such item is attributable in accordance with the Partners’ interests in the Partnership during such period regardless of when such item is paid or received by the Partnership.

(a) With respect to certain “allocable cash basis items” (as such term is defined in the Code) of Partnership Revenue, gain, loss, deduction or credit, if, during any taxable year of the Partnership there is change in any Partner’s interest in the Partnership, then, except to the extent provided in regulations prescribed under Section 706 of the Code, each Partner’s allocable share of any “allocable cash basis item” shall be determined by (i) assigning the appropriate portion of each such item to each day in the period to which it is attributable, and (ii) allocating the portion assigned to any such day among the Partners in proportion to their interests in the Partnership at the close of such day.

(b) If, by adhering to the method of allocation described in the immediately preceding subsection of this Section 6.8, a portion of any “allocable cash basis item” is attributable to any period before the beginning of the Partnership taxable year in which such item is received or paid, such portion shall be (i) assigned to the first day of the taxable year in which it is received or paid, and (ii) allocated among the persons who were Partners in the Partnership during the period to which such portion is attributable in accordance with their interests in the Partnership during such period.

 

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(c) If any portion of any “allocable cash basis item” paid or received by the Partnership in a taxable year is attributable to a period after the close of that taxable year, such portion shall be (i) assigned to the last day of the taxable year in which it is paid or received, and (ii) allocated among the persons who are Partners in proportion to their interests in the Partnership at the close of such day.

(d) If any deduction is allocated to a person with respect to an “allocable cash basis item” attributable to a period before the beginning of the Partnership taxable year and such person is not a Partner of the Partnership on the first day of the Partnership taxable year, such deduction shall be capitalized by the Partnership and treated in the manner provided for in Section 755 of the Code.

ARTICLE VII

Fiscal Year, Accountings and Reports

7.1 Unless the Code requires otherwise, the fiscal year of the Partnership will be the calendar year and the books of the Partnership will be kept in accordance with usual and customary accounting practices on the accrual method.

7.2 Within sixty (60) days after the end of each quarter of each Partnership fiscal year, each person who was a Limited Partner during such period will be furnished a report setting forth the source and disposition of Partnership funds during the quarter.

7.3 Not later than the end of the fiscal year in which all Partnership Wells are drilled and completed, and sufficient production history has been obtained on Partnership Wells to evaluate properly the reserves attributable thereto, the General Partner will make an evaluation of Partnership Properties as of the last day of such fiscal year. The report shall include an estimate of the total oil and gas proven reserves of the Partnership and the dollar value thereof and the value of the Limited Partner’s interest in such reserve value. It shall also contain an estimate of the present worth of the reserves. Each Limited Partner will receive a summary statement of such report reflecting the Limited Partners’ interest in such reserve value.

ARTICLE VIII

Tax Returns and Elections

8.1 Unless the Code requires otherwise, the General Partner will cause the Partnership to elect the calendar year as its taxable year and will timely file all Partnership income tax returns required to be filed by the jurisdictions in which the Partnership conducts business or derives income. By March 15 of each year or as soon thereafter as practicable, the General Partner will furnish all available information necessary for inclusion in the income tax returns of each person who was a Limited Partner during the prior fiscal year. The General Partner shall be the “Tax Matters Partner” for the Partnership pursuant to the provisions of Section 6231 of the Code subject to the provisions of Section 10.22 below.

8.2 The Partnership will elect to deduct intangible drilling and development costs currently as an expense for income tax purposes and will elect to use the available depreciation method which, in the General Partner’s judgment, is in the best interest of the Partners.

8.3 The General Partner shall have the right in its sole discretion at any time to make or not to make such other elections as are authorized or permitted by any law or regulation for income tax purposes (including any election under Section 754 of the Code).

 

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ARTICLE IX

Distributions

9.1 The Partnership’s available cash will be distributed to the Limited Partners and the General Partner in the same proportions that Partnership Revenue has been allocated to them after giving effect to previous distributions and to portions of such revenue theretofore used or retained to pay costs incurred or expected to be incurred in conducting Partnership operations or to repay borrowings theretofore or expected to be thereafter obtained by the Partnership. Within forty-five (45) days after the end of each calendar quarter, the General Partner will determine the amount of cash available for distribution to the Limited Partners and will distribute such amount, if any, as promptly thereafter as reasonably possible. Distributions of cash to the General Partner may be at any time the General Partner determines there is cash available therefor. The General Partner’s determination of the cash available for distribution will be conclusive and binding upon all Partners. All Partnership funds distributed to the Limited Partners shall be distributed to the persons who were record holders of Units on the day on which the distribution is made.

ARTICLE X

Rights, Duties and Obligations of the General Partner

10.1 Subject to the limitations of this Agreement, the General Partner will have full, exclusive and complete discretion in the management and control of the business of the Partnership and will make all decisions affecting its business and affairs or the Partnership Properties. The General Partner will have, subject to the provisions of this Article X, full power and authority to take any action described in Article III above and execute and deliver in the name of and on behalf of the Partnership such documents or instruments as the General Partner deems appropriate for the conduct of Partnership business. No person, firm or corporation dealing with the Partnership will be required to inquire into the authority of the General Partner to take any action or make any decision.

10.2 The General Partner will perform the duties imposed upon it under this Agreement in an efficient and businesslike manner with due caution and in accordance with established practices of the oil and gas industry, but the General Partner shall not be liable, responsible or accountable in damages or otherwise to the Partnership or any of the Partners for, and the Partnership shall indemnify, defend against and save harmless the General Partner, from any expense (including attorneys’ fees), loss or damage incurred by reason of any act or omission performed or omitted in good faith on behalf of the Partnership or the Partners, and in a manner reasonably believed by the General Partner to be within the scope of the authority granted by this Agreement and in the best interests of the Partnership or the Partners, provided that the General Partner is not guilty of gross negligence or willful misconduct with respect to such acts or omissions, and further provided that the satisfaction of any indemnification and any saving harmless shall be from and limited to Partnership assets including insurance proceeds, if any, and no Partner shall have any personal liability on account thereof. For purposes of this Section 10.2 only, the term General Partner includes the General Partner, affiliates of the General Partner and any officer, director or employee of the General Partner or any of its affiliates such that all of such parties are covered by the indemnities provided herein.

10.3 The General Partner will utilize its organization and employees and will hire outside consultants for the Partnership as necessary in order to provide experienced, qualified and competent personnel to conduct the Partnership’s business. With certain limited exceptions it is the intent of the Partners that the Partnership participate as a co-general partner of any oil and gas drilling or income programs, or both, formed by the General Partner or UNIT for third party investors during 2008 and to participate on a proportionate working interest basis in each producing oil and gas lease acquired and in the drilling of each oil and gas well commenced by the General Partner or UNIT for its own account during the period from the later of January 1, 2008 or the Effective Date through December 31, 2008 (except for wells, if any, (i) drilled outside of the 48 contiguous United States; (ii) drilled as part of

 

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secondary or tertiary recovery operations which were in existence prior to the formation of the Partnership; (iii) drilled by third parties under farm-out or similar arrangements with the General Partner or UNIT or whereby the General Partner or UNIT may be entitled to an overriding royalty, reversionary or other similar interest in the production from such wells but is not obligated to pay any of the Drilling Costs thereof; (iv) acquired by UNIT or the General Partner through the acquisition by UNIT or the General Partner of, or merger of UNIT or the General Partner with, other companies; or (v) with respect to which the General Partner does not believe that the potential economic return therefrom justifies the costs of participation by the Partnership).

10.4 The General Partner, UNIT or any affiliate thereof will transfer to the Partnership interests in oil and gas properties comprising the spacing unit on which a Partnership Well is located or is to be drilled for the separate account of the Partnership, provided that no broker’s commissions or fees of a similar nature will be paid in connection with any such transfer and the consideration paid by the Partnership will be equal to the Leasehold Acquisition Costs of the property so transferred. If the size of a spacing unit on which a Partnership Well is located is ever reduced or increased well density is permitted thereon, the Partnership will not be entitled to any reimbursement or recoupment of any portion of the Leasehold Acquisition Costs paid with respect thereto notwithstanding the provisions of Section 10.7 below.

10.5 With respect to certain transactions involving Partnership Properties, it is hereby agreed as follows:

(a) A sale, transfer or conveyance by the General Partner or any affiliate of less than its entire interest in such property is prohibited unless (i) the interest retained by the General Partner or its affiliate is a proportionate working interest, (ii) the respective obligations of the General Partner or its affiliate and the Partnership are substantially the same proportionately as those of the General Partner or its affiliate at the time it acquired the property and (iii) the Partnership’s interest in revenues will not be less than the proportionate interest therein of the General Partner or its affiliate when it acquired the property. The General Partner or its affiliate may retain the remaining interest for its own account or it may sell, transfer, farm-out or otherwise convey all or a portion of such remaining interest to non-affiliated industry members. In connection with any such sale, transfer, farm-out or other conveyance of such interest to non-affiliated industry members, which may occur either before or after the transfer of the interests in the same properties to the Partnership, the General Partner or its affiliate may realize a profit on the interests or may be carried to some extent with respect to its cost obligations in connection with any drilling on such properties and any such profit or interest will be strictly for the account of the General Partner and the Partnership will have no claim with respect thereto.

(b) The General Partner or its affiliates may not retain any overrides or other burdens on property conveyed to the Partnership (other than overriding royalty interests granted to geologists and other persons employed or retained by the General Partner or its affiliates).

10.6 The General Partner will cause the Partnership Properties to be acquired in accordance with the customs of the oil and gas industry in the area. The Partnership will be required to do only such title work with respect to its oil and gas properties as the General Partner in its sole judgment deems appropriate in light of the area, any applicable drilling or expiration dates and any other material factors.

10.7 Partnership Properties shall be transferred to the Partnership after the decision to acquire a productive property or the commitment to drill a Partnership Well thereon has been made. The Partnership shall acquire interests in only those properties of the General Partner or UNIT which comprise the spacing unit on which the Partnership Well is drilled or on which a producing Partnership Well is located. If a spacing unit on which a Partnership Well is drilled or located is ever reduced, or any subsequent well in which the Partnership has no interest is drilled thereon, the Partnership will have no interest in any such subsequent or additional wells drilled on properties which were a part of the original spacing unit unless any such additional well is commenced during 2008 or is drilled by a drilling or

 

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income program of which the Partnership is a partner. Likewise if UNIT, UPC or any affiliate, including any oil and gas partnership subsequently formed for investment or participation by employees, directors and/or consultants of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries, acquires additional interests in Partnership Wells after 2008 the Partnership generally will not be entitled to participate in the acquisition of such additional interests. In addition, if a Partnership Well drilled on a spacing unit is dry or abandoned, the Partnership will not have an interest in any subsequent or additional well drilled on the spacing unit unless it is commenced during 2008 or is drilled by a drilling or income program of which the Partnership is a partner.

10.8 The General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates will either conduct the Partnership’s drilling and production operations and operate each Partnership Well or arrange for a third party operator to conduct such operations. The General Partner will, on behalf of the Partnership, enter into appropriate operating agreements with other owners of Partnership Wells authorizing the General Partner, its affiliates or a third party operator to conduct such operations. The Partnership will take such action in connection with operations pursuant to said operating agreements as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, deems appropriate and in the best interests of the Partnership, and the decision of the General Partner with respect thereto will be binding upon the Partnership.

10.9 The General Partner will cause the Partnership to plug and abandon its dry holes and abandoned wells in accordance with rules and regulations of the governmental regulatory body having jurisdiction.

10.10 The General Partner may pool or unitize Partnership Properties with other oil and gas properties when such pooling or unitization is required by a governmental regulatory body, when well spacing as determined by any such body requires such pooling or unitization, or when, in the General Partner’s opinion, such pooling or unitization is in the best interests of the Partnership.

10.11 The General Partner will have authority to make and enter into contracts for the sale of the Partnership’s share of oil or gas production from Partnership Wells, including contracts for the sale of such production to the General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates; provided, however, that the production purchased by the General Partner, UNIT or any of its affiliates will be for prices which are not less than the highest posted price (in the case of crude oil production) or prevailing price (in the case of natural gas production) in the same field or area.

10.12 The General Partner will use its best efforts to procure and maintain for the Partnership, and at its expense, such insurance coverage with responsible companies as may be reasonably available for such premium costs as would not be considered to be unreasonably high or prohibitive with respect to each item of coverage and as the General Partner considers necessary for the protection of the Partnership and the Partners. The coverage will be in such amounts and will cover such risks as the General Partner believes warranted by the operations conducted hereunder. Such risks may include but will not necessarily be limited to public liability and automobile liability, each covering bodily injury, death and property damage, workmen’s compensation and employer’s liability insurance and blowout and control of well insurance.

10.13 In order to conduct properly the business of the Partnership, and in order to keep the Partners properly informed, the General Partner will:

(a) maintain adequate records and files identifying the Partnership Properties and containing all pertinent information in regard thereto that is obtained or developed pursuant to this Agreement;

(b) maintain a complete and accurate record of the acquisition and disposition of each Partnership Property;

 

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(c) maintain appropriate books and records reflecting the Partnership’s revenue and expense and each Partner’s participation therein;

(d) maintain a capital account for each Partner with appropriate records as necessary in order to reflect each Partner’s interest in the Partnership and furnish required tax information; and

(e) keep the Limited Partners informed by means of written reports on the acquisition of Partnership Properties and the progress of the business and operations of the Partnership, which reports will be rendered semi-annually and at such more frequent intervals during the progress of Partnership operations as the General Partner deems appropriate.

10.14 The General Partner, UNIT and the officers, directors, employees and affiliates thereof may own, purchase or otherwise acquire and deal in oil and gas properties, drill wells, conduct operations and otherwise engage in any aspect of the oil and gas business, either for their own accounts or for the accounts of others. Each Limited Partner hereby agrees that engaging in any activity permitted by this Section 10.14 will not be considered a breach of any duty that the General Partner, UNIT or the officers, directors, employees and affiliates thereof may have to the Partnership or the Limited Partners, and that the Partnership and the Limited Partners will not have any interest in any properties acquired or profits which may be realized with respect to any such activity.

10.15 Subject to Section 12.1, without the prior consent of Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units, the General Partner will not (i) make, execute or deliver any assignment for the benefit of the Partnership’s creditors; or (ii) contract to sell all or substantially all of the Partnership Properties (except as permitted by Sections 10.23 and 16.4(b)).

10.16 In contracting for services to and insurance coverage for the Partnership and its activities and operations, and in acquiring material, equipment and personal property on behalf of the Partnership, the General Partner will use its best efforts to obtain such services, insurance, material, equipment and personal property at prices no less favorable than those normally charged in the same or in comparable geographic areas by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arm’s length. No rebates, concessions or compensation of a similar nature will be paid to the General Partner by the person or company supplying such services, insurance, material, equipment and personal property.

10.17 The General Partner, UNIT or its affiliates are authorized to provide equipment, materials and services to the Partnership in connection with the conduct of its operations, provided, that the terms of any contracts between the Partnership and the General Partner, UNIT or any affiliates, or the officers, directors, employees and affiliates thereof must be no less favorable to the Partnership than those of comparable contracts entered into, and will be at prices not in excess of those charged in the same geographical area by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arm’s length. Any such contracts for services must be in writing precisely describing the services to be rendered and all compensation to be paid.

10.18 The General Partner may cause the Partnership to hold Partnership Properties in the Partnership’s name, or in the name of the General Partner, UNIT, any affiliates thereof or some third party as nominee for the Partnership. If record title to a Partnership Property is to be held permanently in the name of a nominee, such nominee arrangement will be evidenced and documented by a nominee agreement identifying the Partnership Properties so held and disclaiming any beneficial interest therein by the nominee.

10.19 The General Partner will be generally liable for the debts and obligations of the Partnership, provided that any claims against the Partnership shall be satisfied first out of the assets of the Partnership and only thereafter out of the separate assets of the General Partner.

10.20 The Partnership may not make any loans to the General Partner, UNIT or any of its affiliates.

 

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10.21 The General Partner will use its best efforts at all times to maintain its net worth at a level that is sufficient to insure that the Partnership will be classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership, rather than as an association taxable as a corporation, on account of the net worth of the General Partner.

10.22 The Tax Matters Partner designated in Section 8.1 above is authorized to engage legal counsel and accountants and to incur expense on behalf of the Partnership in contesting, challenging and defending against any audits, assessments and administrative or judicial proceedings conducted or participated in by the Internal Revenue Service with respect to the Partnership’s operations and affairs.

10.23 At any time two years or more after the Partnership has completed substantially all of its property acquisition, drilling and development operations, the General Partner may, without the vote, consent or approval of the Limited Partners, cause all or substantially all of the oil and gas properties and other assets of the Partnership to be sold, assigned or transferred to, or the Partnership merged or consolidated with, another partnership or a corporation, trust or other entity for the purpose of combining the assets of two or more of the oil and gas partnerships formed for investment or participation by employees, directors and/or consultants of UNIT or any of its subsidiaries; provided, however, that the valuation of the oil and gas properties and other assets of all such participating partnerships for purposes of such transfer or combination shall be made on a consistent basis and in a manner which the General Partner and UNIT believe is fair and equitable to the Limited Partners. As a consequence of any such transfer or combination, the Partnership shall be dissolved and terminated pursuant to Article XVI hereof and the Limited Partners shall receive partnership interests, stock or other equity interests in the transferee or resulting entity.

ARTICLE XI

Compensation and Reimbursements

11.1 For the General Partner’s services performed as operator of productive Partnership Wells located on Partnership Properties and as operator during the drilling of Partnership Wells, the Partnership will compensate the General Partner at rates no higher than those normally charged in the same or a comparable geographic area by non-affiliated persons or companies dealing at arm’s length. The General Partner will not receive compensation for such services performed in connection with the operation of Partnership Wells operated by third party operators, but such third party operators will be compensated as provided in the operating agreements in effect with respect to such wells and the Partnership will pay its proportionate share of such compensation.

11.2 The General Partner will be reimbursed by the Partnership out of Partnership Revenues for that portion of its general and administrative overhead expense that is attributable to its conduct of the actual and necessary business, affairs and operations of the Partnership. The General Partner’s general and administrative overhead expenses will be determined in accordance with industry practices. The allocable costs and expenses will include all customary and routine legal, accounting, geological, engineering, travel, office rent, telephone, secretarial, salaries, data processing, word processing and other incidental reasonable expenses necessary to the conduct of the Partnership’s business and generated by the General Partner or allocated to it by UNIT, but will not include filing fees, commissions, professional fees, printing costs and other expenses incurred in forming the Partnership or offering interests therein. Also excluded will be any general and administrative overhead expense of the General Partner or UNIT which may be attributable to its services as an operator of Partnership Wells for which it receives compensation pursuant to Section 11.1 above. The portion of the General Partner’s general and administrative overhead expense to be reimbursed by the Partnership with respect to any particular period will be determined by allocating to the Partnership that portion of the General Partner’s total general and administrative overhead expense incurred during such period which is equal to the ratio of the Partnership’s total expenditures compared to the total expenditures by the General Partner for its own account. The portion of such general and administrative overhead expense reimbursement which is

 

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charged to the Limited Partners may not exceed an amount equal to 3% of the Aggregate Subscription during the first 12 months of the Partnership’s operations, and in each succeeding twelve-month period, the lesser of (a) 2% of the Aggregate Subscription and (b) 10% of the total Partnership Revenue realized in such twelve-month period. Administrative expenses incurred directly by the Partnership, or incurred by the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership and reimbursable to the General Partner, such as legal, accounting, auditing, reporting, engineering, mailing and other such fees, costs and expenses are not to be deemed a part of the general and administrative expense of the General Partner which is to be reimbursed pursuant to this Section 11.2 and the amounts thereof will not be subject to the limitations described in the preceding sentence.

ARTICLE XII

Rights and Obligations of Limited Partners

12.1 The Limited Partners, in their capacity as such, cannot transact any business for the Partnership or take part in the control of its business or management of its affairs. Limited Partners will have no power to execute any agreements on behalf of, or otherwise bind or commit, the Partnership. They may give consents and approvals as herein provided and exercise the rights and powers granted to them in this Agreement, it being understood that the exercise of such rights and powers will be deemed to be matters affecting the basic structure of the Partnership and not the exercise of control over its business; provided, however, that exercise of any of the rights and powers granted to the Limited Partners in Sections 10.15, 12.3, 14.1, 16.1 and 18.1 will not be authorized or effective unless prior to the exercise thereof the General Partner is furnished an opinion of counsel for the Partnership or an order or judgment of any court of competent jurisdiction to the effect that the exercise of such rights or powers (i) will not be deemed to evidence that the Limited Partners are taking part in the control of or management of the Partnership’s business and affairs, (ii) will not result in the loss of any Limited Partner’s limited liability and (iii) will not result in the Partnership being classified as an association taxable as a corporation or a publicly traded partnership for federal income tax purposes.

12.2 The Limited Partners will not be personally liable for any debts or losses of the Partnership. Except as otherwise specifically provided herein, no Partner will be responsible for losses of any other Partners.

12.3 Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, no Limited Partner will be entitled to the return of his contribution. Distributions of Partnership assets pursuant to this Agreement may be considered and treated as returns of contributions if so designated by law or, subject to Section 12.1, by agreement of the General Partner and Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units. The value of a Limited Partner’s undistributed contribution determined for the purposes of Section 39 of the Act at any point in time shall be his or her percentage of the amount of the Partnership’s stated capital allocated to the Limited Partners as reflected in the financial statements of the Partnership as of such point in time. No Partner will receive any interest on his or her contributions and no Partner will have any priority over any other Partner as to the return of contributions.

ARTICLE XIII

Transferability of Limited Partner’s Interest

13.1 Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13.3, no sale, exchange, transfer or assignment of a Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership may be made unless in the opinion of counsel for the Partnership,

(a) such sale, exchange, transfer or assignment, when added to the total of all other sales, exchanges, transfers or assignments of interests in the Partnership within the preceding 12 months, would not result in the Partnership being considered to have terminated within the meaning of Section 708 of the Code (provided, however, that this condition may be waived by the General Partner in its discretion);

 

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(b) such sale, exchange, transfer or assignment would not violate, or cause the offering of the Units to be violative of, the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any state securities or “blue sky” laws (including any investor suitability standards) applicable to the Partnership or the interest to be sold, exchanged, transferred or assigned; and

(c) such sale, exchange, transfer or assignment would not cause the Partnership to lose its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and said opinion of counsel is delivered in writing to the Partnership prior to the date of the sale, exchange, transfer or assignment.

13.2 In no event shall all or any part of an interest in the Partnership be assigned or transferred to a minor (except in trust or pursuant to the Uniform Transfers to Minors Act) or an incompetent (except in trust), except by will or intestate succession.

13.3 Except for transfers or assignments (in trust or otherwise) by a Limited Partner of all or any part of his or her interest in the Partnership

(a) to the General Partner,

(b) to or for the benefit of himself or herself, his or her spouse, or other members of his or her immediate family sharing the same household,

(c) to a corporation or other entity in which all of the beneficial owners are Limited Partners or assigns permitted in (a) and (b) above, or

(d) by the General Partner to any person who at the time of such transfer is an employee of the General Partner, UNIT or its subsidiaries,

no Limited Partner’s Units or any portion thereof may be sold, assigned or transferred except by reason of death or operation of law.

13.4 If a Limited Partner dies, his or her executor, administrator or trustee, or, if he or she is adjudicated incompetent, his or her committee, guardian or conservator, or, if he or she becomes bankrupt, the trustee or receiver of his or her estate, shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner for the purpose of settling or managing his or her estate and such power as the deceased, incapacitated or bankrupt Limited Partner possessed to assign all or any part of his or her interest and to join with such assignee in satisfying conditions precedent to such assignee’s becoming a Substituted Limited Partner.

13.5 The Partnership shall not recognize for any purpose any purported sale, assignment or transfer of all or any fraction of the interest of a Limited Partner in the Partnership, unless the provisions of Section 13.1 shall have been complied with and there shall have been filed with the Partnership a written and dated notification of such sale, assignment or transfer in form satisfactory to the General Partner, executed and acknowledged by both the seller, assignor or transferor and the purchaser, assignee or transferee and such notification (i) contains the acceptance by the purchaser, assignee or transferee of all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement and (ii) represents that such sale, assignment or transfer was made in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations. Any sale, assignment or transfer shall be recognized by the Partnership as effective on the date of such notification if the date of such notification is within thirty (30) days of the date on which such notification is filed with the Partnership, and otherwise shall be recognized as effective on the date such notification is filed with the Partnership.

13.6 Any Limited Partner who shall assign all of his or her interest in the Partnership shall cease to be a Limited Partner, except that, unless and until a Substituted Limited Partner is admitted in his or her stead, such assigning Limited Partner shall retain the statutory rights of the assignor of a Limited Partner’s interest under the Act.

 

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13.7 A person who is the assignee of all or any fraction of the interest of a Limited Partner, but does not become a Substituted Limited Partner and desires to make a further assignment of such interest, shall be subject to all the provisions of this Article XIII to the same extent and in the same manner as any Limited Partner desiring to make an assignment of his or her interest.

13.8 No Limited Partner shall have the right to substitute a purchaser, assignee, transferee, donee, heir, legatee, distributee or other recipient of all or any portion of such Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership as a Limited Partner in his or her place. Any such purchaser, assignee, transferee, donee, legatee, distributee or other recipient of an interest in the Partnership shall be admitted to the Partnership as a Substituted Limited Partner only with the consent of the General Partner, which consent shall be granted or withheld in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner and may be arbitrarily withheld, and only by an amendment to this Agreement or the certificate of limited partnership duly executed and recorded in the proper records of each jurisdiction in which the Partnership owns mineral interests and filed in the proper records of the State of Oklahoma. Any such consent by the General Partner shall be binding and conclusive without the consent of any Limited Partners and may be evidenced by the execution of the General Partner of an amendment to this Agreement or the certificate of limited partnership, evidencing the admission of such person as a Substituted Limited Partner.

13.9 No person shall become a Substituted Limited Partner until such person shall have:

(a) become a party to, and adopted all of the terms and conditions of, this Agreement;

(b) if such person is a corporation, partnership or trust, provided the General Partner with evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Partnership of such person’s authority to become a Limited Partner under the terms and provisions of this Agreement; and

(c) paid or agreed to pay the costs and expenses incurred by the Partnership in connection with such person’s becoming a Limited Partner.

Provided, however, that for the purpose of allocating Partnership Revenue, costs and expenses, a person shall be treated as having become, and as appearing in the records of the Partnership as, a Substituted Limited Partner on such date as the sale, assignment or transfer was recognized by the Partnership pursuant to Section 13.5.

13.10 By his or her execution of his or her Subscription Agreement, each Limited Partner represents and warrants to the General Partner and to the Partnership that his or her acquisition of his or her interest in the Partnership is made as principal for his or her own account for investment purposes only and not with a view to the resale or distribution of such interest. Each Limited Partner agrees that he or she will not sell, assign or otherwise transfer his or her interest in the Partnership or any fraction thereof unless such interest has been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or such sale, assignment or transfer is exempt from such registration and, in any event, he or she will not so sell, assign or otherwise transfer his or her interest or any fraction thereof to any person who does not similarly represent, warrant and agree.

ARTICLE XIV

Assignments by the General Partner

14.1 The General Partner may not sell, assign, transfer or otherwise dispose of its interest in the Partnership except with the prior consent, subject to Section 12.1, of Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units; provided that a sale, assignment or transfer may be effective without such consent if pursuant to a bona fide merger, any other corporate reorganization or a complete liquidation, pursuant to a sale of all or substantially all of the General Partner’s assets (provided the purchasers of such assets agree to assume the duties and obligations of the General Partner) or a sale or transfer to UNIT or any affiliates of UNIT. If the Limited Partners’ consent to a proposed transfer is

 

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required, the General Partner will, concurrently with the request for such consent, give the Limited Partners written notice identifying the interest to be transferred, the date on which the transfer is to be effective, the proposed transferee and the substitute General Partner, if any.

14.2 Sales, assignments and transfers of the interests in the Partnership owned by the General Partner will be subject to, and the assignee will acquire the assigned interest subject to, all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

14.3 If the Limited Partners’ consent to a transfer of the General Partner’s interest in the Partnership is obtained as above provided, or is not required, the transferee may become a substitute General Partner hereunder. The substitute General Partner will assume and agree to perform all of the General Partner’s duties and obligations hereunder and the transferring General Partner will, upon making a proper accounting to the substitute General Partner, be relieved of any further duties or obligations hereunder with respect to Partnership operations thereafter occurring.

ARTICLE XV

Limited Partners’ Right of Presentment

15.1 After December 31, 2009, each Limited Partner will have the option, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Article XV, to require the General Partner to purchase all (but not less than all) of his or her Units, provided that the option may not be exercised after the date of any notice that will effect a dissolution and termination of the Partnership pursuant to Article XVI below. Any such exercise shall be effected by written notice thereof delivered to the General Partner.

15.2 Sales of Limited Partners’ Units pursuant to this Article XV will be effective, and the purchase price for such interests will be determined, as of the close of business on the last day of the calendar year in which the Limited Partner’s notice exercising his or her option is given, or, at the General Partner’s election, as of 7:00 o’clock A.M. on the following day.

15.3 The purchase price to be paid for the Units of any Limited Partner who exercises the option granted in this Article XV will be determined in the following manner. First, future gross revenues expected to be derived from the production and sale of the proved reserves attributable to Partnership Properties will be estimated, as of the end of the calendar year in which presentment is made, by the independent engineering firm preparing a report on the reserves of the Partnership, or if no such firm is preparing a report as of the end of the calendar year in which the option is exercised, then by the General Partner. Next, future net revenues will be calculated by deducting anticipated expenses (including Operating Expenses and other costs that will be incurred in producing and marketing such reserves and any gross production, excise, or other taxes, other than federal income taxes, based on the oil and gas production of the Partnership or sales thereof) from estimated future gross revenues. The price to be used in calculating future gross revenues as well as the estimates of price and cost escalations to be used in such calculations will be those of such independent engineering firm or the General Partner, whichever is making the determination. Then the present worth of the future net revenues will be calculated by discounting the estimated future net revenues at that rate per annum which is one (1) percentage point higher than the prime rate of interest being charged by Bank of Oklahoma, N.A., Tulsa, Oklahoma, or any successor bank, as such prime rate of interest is announced by said bank as of the date such reserves are estimated. This amount will be reduced by an additional 25% to take into account the uncertainties attendant to the production and sale of oil and gas reserves and other unforeseen contingencies. Estimated salvage value of tangible equipment installed on the Partnership Wells and costs of plugging and abandoning the productive Partnership Wells, both discounted at the aforementioned rate from the expected date of abandonment, will be considered, and Partnership Properties, if any, which do not have proved reserves attributable to them but which have not been condemned will be valued at the lower of cost or their then current market value as determined by the aforementioned independent petroleum engineering firm or General Partner, as the case may be. The Partnership’s cash on hand, prepaid expenses, accounts receivable (less a reasonable reserve for doubtful accounts) and the market value of its

 

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other assets as determined by the General Partner will be added to the value of the Partnership Properties thus determined, and the Partnership’s debts, obligations and other liabilities will be deducted, to arrive at the Partnership’s net asset value for purposes of this Section 15.3. The price to be paid for the Limited Partner’s interest will be his or her proportionate share of such net asset value less 75% of the amount of any Partnership distributions received by him or her which are attributable to sales of Partnership production since the date as of which the Partnership’s proved reserves are estimated.

15.4 Within one hundred twenty (120) days after the end of any calendar year in which a Limited Partner exercises his or her option to require purchase of his or her Units as provided in this Article XV, the General Partner will furnish to such Limited Partner a statement showing the price to be paid for his or her Units and evidencing that such price has been determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 15.3 above. The statement will show which portion of the proposed purchase price is represented by the value of the proved reserves and by each of the other classes of Partnership assets and liabilities attributable to the account of the Limited Partner. The Limited Partner will then have thirty (30) days to confirm, by further notice to the General Partner, his or her intention to sell his or her Units to the General Partner. If the Limited Partner timely confirms his or her intention to sell, the sale will be consummated and the price paid in cash within ten (10) days after such confirmation. The General Partner will not be obligated to purchase (i) any Units pursuant to such right if such purchase, when added to the total of all other sales, exchanges, transfers or assignments of the Units within the preceding 12 months, would result in the Partnership being considered to have terminated within the meaning of Section 708 of the Code, would cause the Partnership to lose its status as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or would cause the Partnership to be treated as a publicly traded partnership for federal income tax purposes, or (ii) in any one calendar year more than 20% of the Units in the Partnership then outstanding. If less than all of the Units tendered are purchased, the interests purchased will be selected by lot. The Limited Partners whose tendered Units were rejected by reason of the foregoing limitation shall be entitled to priority in the following year. Contemporaneously with the closing of any such sale, the Limited Partner will execute such certificates or other documents and perform such acts as the General Partner deems necessary to effect the sale and transfer of the liquidating Limited Partner’s Units to the General Partner and to preserve the limited liability status of the Partnership under the laws of the jurisdictions in which it is doing business.

15.5 As used in Sections 15.3 and 15.4 above, the term “proved reserves” shall have the meaning ascribed thereto in Regulation S-X adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission.

ARTICLE XVI

Termination and Dissolution of Partnership

16.1 The Partnership will terminate automatically on December 31, 2038, unless prior thereto, subject to Section 12.1 above, the General Partner or Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units elect to terminate the Partnership as of an earlier date. In the event of such earlier termination, ninety (90) days’ written notice will be given to all other Partners. The termination date will be specified in such notice and must be the last day of any calendar month following expiration of the ninety (90) day period unless an earlier date is approved by Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units.

16.2 Upon the dissolution (other than pursuant to a merger or other corporate reorganization), bankruptcy, legal disability or withdrawal of the General Partner (other than pursuant to Section 14.1 above), the Partnership shall immediately be dissolved and terminated; provided, however, that nothing in this Agreement shall impair, restrict or limit the rights and powers of the Partners under the laws of the State of Oklahoma and any other jurisdiction in which the Partnership is doing business to reform and reconstitute themselves as a limited partnership within ninety (90) days following the dissolution of the Partnership either under provisions identical to those set forth herein or under any other provisions. The withdrawal, expulsion, dissolution, death, legal disability, bankruptcy or insolvency of any Limited Partner will not effect a dissolution or termination of the Partnership.

 

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16.3 Upon termination of the Partnership by action of the Limited Partners pursuant to Section 16.1 hereof or as a result of an event under Section 16.2 hereof, a party designated by the Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units will act as Liquidating Trustee. In any other case, the General Partner will act as Liquidating Trustee.

16.4 As soon as possible after December 31, 2038, or the date of the notice of or event causing an earlier termination of the Partnership, the Liquidating Trustee will begin to wind up the Partnership’s business and affairs. In this regard:

(a) The Liquidating Trustee will furnish or obtain an accounting with respect to all Partnership accounts and the account of each Partner and with respect to the Partnership’s assets and liabilities and its operations from the date of the last previous audit of the Partnership to the date of such dissolution;

(b) The Liquidating Trustee may, in its discretion, sell any or all productive and non-productive properties which, except in the case of an election by the General Partner to terminate the Partnership prior to the tenth anniversary of the Effective Date, may be sold to the General Partner or any of its affiliates for their fair market value as determined in good faith by the General Partner;

(c) The Liquidating Trustee shall:

(i) pay all of the Partnership’s debts, liabilities and obligations to its creditors, including the General Partner; and

(ii) pay all expenses incurred in connection with the termination, liquidation and dissolution of the Partnership and distribution of its assets as herein provided;

(d) The Liquidating Trustee shall ascertain the fair market value by appraisal or other reasonable means of all assets of the Partnership remaining unsold, and each Partner’s capital account shall be charged or credited, as the case may be, as if such property had been sold at such fair market value and the gain or loss realized thereby had been allocated to and among the Partners in accordance with Article VI hereof; and

(e) On or as soon as practicable after the effective date of the termination, all remaining cash and any other properties and assets of the Partnership not sold pursuant to the preceding subsections of this Section 16.4 will be distributed to the Partners (i) in proportion to and to the extent of any remaining balances in the Partners’ capital accounts and then (ii) in undivided interests to the Partners in the same proportions that Partnership Revenues are being shared at the time of such termination, provided, that:

(i) the various interests distributed to the respective Partners will be distributed subject to such liens, encumbrances, restrictions, contracts, operating agreements, obligations, commitments or undertakings as existed with respect to such interests at the time they were acquired by the Partnership or were subsequently created or entered into by the Partnership;

(ii) if interests in the Partnership Wells that are not subject to any operating agreement are to be distributed, the Partners will, concurrently with the distribution, enter into standard form operating agreements covering the subsequent operation of each such well which will, if the termination is effected pursuant to Section 16.1 above, be in a form satisfactory to the General Partner and will name the General Partner or its designee as operator; and

 

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(iii) no Partner shall be distributed an interest in any asset if the distribution would result in a deficit balance or increase the deficit balance in its capital account (after making the adjustments referred to in this Section 16.4 relating to distributions in kind).

16.5 If the General Partner has a deficit balance in its capital account following the distribution(s) provided for in Section 16.4(e) above, as determined after taking into account all adjustments to its capital account for the taxable year of the Partnership during which such distribution occurs, it shall restore the amount of such deficit balance to the Partnership within ninety (90) days and such amount shall be distributed to the other Partners in accordance with their positive capital account balances.

16.6 Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, upon the dissolution and termination of the Partnership, the General Partner will contribute to the Partnership the lesser of: (a) the deficit balance in its capital account; or (b) the excess of 1.01 percent of the total Capital Contributions of the Limited Partners over the capital previously contributed by the General Partner.

ARTICLE XVII

Notices

17.1 All notices, consents, requests, demands, offers, reports and other communications required or permitted shall be deemed to be given or made when personally delivered to the party entitled thereto, or when sent by United States mail in a sealed envelope, with postage prepaid, addressed, if to the General Partner, to 7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136, and, if to a Limited Partner, to the address set forth below such Limited Partner’s signature on the counterpart of the Subscription Agreement that he or she originally executed and delivered to the General Partner. The General Partner may change its address by giving notice to all Limited Partners. Limited Partners may change their address by giving notice to the General Partner.

ARTICLE XVIII

Amendments

18.1 Limited Partners do not have the right to propose amendments to this Agreement. The General Partner may propose an amendment or amendments to this Agreement by mailing to the Limited Partners a notice describing the proposed amendment and a form to be returned by the Limited Partners indicating whether they oppose or approve of its adoption. Such notice will include the text of the proposed amendment, which will have been approved in advance by counsel for the Partnership. If, within sixty (60) days, or such shorter period as may be designated by the General Partner, after any notice proposing an amendment or amendments to this Agreement has been mailed, Limited Partners holding a majority of the outstanding Units have properly executed and returned the form indicating that they approve of and consent to adoption of the proposed amendment, such amendment will become effective as of the date specified in such notice, provided that no amendment which alters the allocations specified in Article VI above, changes the compensation and reimbursement provisions set forth in Article XI above or is otherwise materially adverse to the interests of the Limited Partners will become effective unless approved by all Limited Partners. If an amendment does become effective, all Partners will promptly evidence such effectiveness by executing such certificates and other instruments as the General Partner may deem necessary or appropriate under the laws of the jurisdictions in which the Partnership is then doing business in order to reflect the amendment.

 

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ARTICLE XIX

General Provisions

19.1 This Agreement embodies the entire understanding and agreement between the Partners concerning the Partnership, and supersedes any and all prior negotiations, understandings or agreements in regard thereto.

19.2 In those cases where this Agreement requires opinions to be expressed by, or actions to be approved by, counsel for Limited Partners, such counsel must be qualified and experienced in the fields of federal income taxation and partnership and securities laws.

19.3 This Agreement and the Subscription Agreement may be executed in multiple counterpart copies, each of which will be considered an original and all of which constitute one and the same instrument.

19.4 This Agreement will be deemed to have been executed and delivered in the State of Oklahoma and will be construed and interpreted according to the laws of that State.

19.5 This Agreement and all of the terms and provisions hereof will be binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the Partners and their respective heirs, executors, administrators, trustees, successors and assigns.

EXECUTED in the name of and on behalf of the undersigned General Partner this          day of January, 2008 but effective as of the Effective Date.

 

    “General Partner”
    UNIT PETROLEUM COMPANY
Attest:      
By  

 

    By  

 

  Mark E. Schell, Secretary       Larry D. Pinkston, President

 

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LIMITED PARTNER SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT AND

SUITABILITY STATEMENT

(ALL INFORMATION WILL BE TREATED CONFIDENTIALLY)

 

 

Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

c/o Unit Petroleum Company

7130 South Lewis Avenue, Suite 1000

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136

 

RE: Unit 2008 Employee Oil and

       Gas Limited Partnership

    

MUST BE RECEIVED BY:

January 18, 2008

 

RETURN TO:

 

  Attn: Mark Schell

  Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas

  Limited Partnership

  7130 South Lewis Ave., Suite 1000

  Tulsa, OK 74136

    

Gentlemen:

In connection with the subscription of the undersigned for units of limited partnership interest ( “Units” ) in the Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership (the “Partnership” ) which the undersigned tenders herewith to Unit Petroleum Company (the “General Partner” ), the undersigned is hereby furnishing the Partnership and the General Partner the information set forth herein below and makes the representations and warranties set forth below, to indicate whether the undersigned is a suitable subscriber for Units in the Partnership. As a condition precedent to investing in the Partnership, the undersigned hereby represents, warrants, covenants and agrees as follows:

1. The undersigned acknowledges that he or she has received and reviewed a copy of the Private Offering Memorandum (the “Offering Memorandum” ) dated December 10, 2007 of the Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, relating to the offering of Units in the Partnership, and all Exhibits thereto, including the Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “Agreement” ), and understands that the Units will be offered to others on the terms and in the manner described in the Offering Memorandum. The undersigned hereby subscribes for the number of Units set forth below pursuant to the terms of the Offering Memorandum and tenders his or her Capital Subscription as required and agrees to pay his or her Additional Assessments upon call or calls by the General Partner; and the undersigned acknowledges that he or she shall have the right to withdraw this subscription only up until the time the General Partner executes and accepts the undersigned’s subscription and that the General Partner may reject any subscription for any reason without liability to it; and, further, the undersigned agrees to comply with the terms of the Agreement and to execute any and all further documents necessary in connection with his or her admission to the Partnership.

2. The undersigned has reviewed and acknowledges execution of the Power of Attorney set forth in the Agreement and elsewhere in this instrument.

3. The undersigned is aware that no federal or state regulatory agency has made any findings or determination as to the fairness for public or private investment, nor any recommendation or endorsement, of the purchase of Units as an investment.

 

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4. The undersigned recognizes the speculative nature and risks of loss associated with oil and gas investments and that he or she may suffer a complete loss of his or her investment. The Units subscribed for hereby constitute an investment which is suitable and consistent with his or her investment program and that his or her financial situation enables him or her to bear the risks of this investment. The undersigned represents that he or she has adequate means of providing for his or her current needs and possible personal contingencies, and that he or she has no need for liquidity of this investment.

5. The undersigned confirms that he or she understands, and has fully considered for purposes of this investment, the RISK FACTORS set forth in the Offering Memorandum and that (i) the Units are speculative investments which involve a high degree of risk of loss by the undersigned of his or her investment therein, (ii) there is a risk that the anticipated tax benefits under the Agreement could be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service or could be affected by changes in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, the regulations thereunder or administrative or judicial interpretations thereof thereby depriving Limited Partners of anticipated tax benefits, (iii) the General Partner and its affiliates will engage in transactions with the Partnership which may result in a profit and, in the future, may be engaged in businesses which are competitive with that of the Partnership, and the undersigned agrees and consents to such activities, even though there are conflicts of interest inherent therein, and (iv) there are substantial restrictions on the transferability of, and there will be no public market for, the Units and, accordingly, it may be difficult for him or her to liquidate his or her investment in the Units in case of emergency, if possible at all.

6. The undersigned confirms that in making his or her decision to purchase the Units subscribed for he or she has relied upon independent investigations made by him or her (or by his or her own professional tax and other advisors) and that he or she has been given the opportunity to examine all documents and to ask questions of, and to receive answers from the General Partner or any person(s) acting on its behalf concerning the terms and conditions of the offering or any other matter set forth in the Offering Memorandum, and to obtain any additional information, to the extent the General Partner possesses such information or can acquire it without unreasonable effort or expense, necessary to verify the accuracy of the information set forth in the Offering Memorandum, and that no representations have been made to him or her and no offering materials have been furnished to him or her concerning the Units, the Partnership, its business or prospects or other matters, except as set forth in the Offering Memorandum and the other materials described in the Offering Memorandum.

7. The undersigned understands that the Units are being offered and sold under an exemption from registration provided by Sections 3(b) and/or 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act” ), and warrants and represents that any Units subscribed for are being acquired by the undersigned solely for his or her own account, for investment purposes only, and are not being purchased with a view to or for the resale, distribution, subdivision or fractionalization thereof; the undersigned has no agreement or other arrangement, formal or informal, with any person to sell, transfer or pledge any part of any Units subscribed for or which would guarantee the undersigned any rights to such Units; the undersigned has no plans to enter into any such agreement or arrangement, and, consequently, he or she must bear the economic

 

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risk of the investment for an indefinite period of time because the Units cannot be resold or otherwise transferred unless subsequently registered under the Act (which neither the General Partner nor the Partnership is obligated to do), or an exemption from such registration is available and, in any event, unless transferred in compliance with the Agreement.

8. The undersigned further understands that the exemption under Rule 144 of the Act will not be generally available because of the conditions and limitations of such rule; that, in the absence of the availability of such rule, any disposition by him or her of any portion of his or her investment will require compliance under the Act; and that the Partnership and the General Partner are under no obligation to take any action in furtherance of making such exemption available.

9. The undersigned is aware that the General Partner will have full and complete control of Partnership operations and that he or she must depend on the General Partner to manage the Partnership profitably; and that a Limited Partner does not have the same rights as a stockholder in a corporation or the protection which stockholders might have, since limited partners have limited rights in determining policy.

10. The undersigned is aware that the General Partner will receive compensation for its services irrespective of the economic success of the Partnership.

11. The undersigned represents and warrants as follows (please mark and complete all applicable categories):

(a) If an individual, the undersigned is the sole party in interest, and the undersigned is at least 21 years of age and a bona fide resident and domiciliary (not a temporary or transient resident) of the state set forth opposite his or her signature hereto;

               YES                        NO

(b) If a partnership or corporation, the undersigned meets the following: (1) the entity has not been formed for the purposes of making this investment; (2) the entity was formed on                      ; and (3) the entity has a history of investments similar to the type described in the Offering Memorandum;

               YES                        NO

(c) The undersigned meets all suitability standards and acknowledges being aware of all legend conditions applicable to his or her state of residence as set forth herein;

               YES                        NO

 

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(d) (i) The undersigned has a net worth (including home, furnishings and automobiles) of at least five times the amount of his or her Capital Subscription, and anticipates that he or she will have adjusted gross income during the current year in an amount which will enable him or her to bear the economic risks of the investment in the Partnership;

               YES                        NO

and

(ii) The undersigned is a salaried employee of Unit Corporation ( “UNIT” ) or one of its subsidiaries at the date of formation of the Partnership whose annual base salary for 2007 has been set at $36,000 or more, or the undersigned is a director of UNIT;

               YES                        NO

and

(e) The undersigned              is or              is not a citizen of the United States.

12. The undersigned represents and agrees that he or she has had sufficient opportunity to make inquiries of the General Partner in order to supplement information contained in the Offering Memorandum respecting the offering, and that any information so requested has been made available to his or her satisfaction, and he or she has had the opportunity to verify such information. The undersigned further agrees and represents that he or she has knowledge and experience in business and financial matters, and with respect to investments generally, and in particular, investments generally comparable to the offering, so as to enable him or her to utilize such information to evaluate the risks of this investment and to make an informed investment decision. The following is a brief description of the undersigned’s experience in the evaluation of other investments generally comparable to the offering:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

13. The undersigned is aware that the Partnership and the General Partner have been and are relying upon the representations and warranties set forth in this Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement, in part, in determining whether the offering meets the conditions specified in Rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the exemption from registration provided by Sections 3(b) and/or 4(2) of the Act.

 

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14. All of the information which the undersigned has furnished the General Partner herein or previously with respect to the undersigned’s financial position and business experience is correct and complete as of the date of this Agreement, and, if there should be any material change in such information prior to the closing of the offering period of the Units, the undersigned will immediately furnish such revised or corrected information to the General Partner. The undersigned agrees that the foregoing representations and warranties shall survive his or her admission to the Partnership, as well as any acceptance or rejection of a subscription for the Units.

If the subscription tendered hereby of the undersigned is accepted by the General Partner, the undersigned hereby executes and swears to the Agreement of Limited Partnership of Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership as a Limited Partner, thereby agreeing to all the terms thereof and duly appoints the General Partner, with full power of substitution, his or her true and lawful attorney to execute, file, swear to and record any Certificate of Limited Partnership or amendments thereto or cancellation thereof and any other instruments which may be required by law in any jurisdiction to permit qualification of the Partnership as a limited partnership or for any other purposes necessary to implement the Partnership’s purposes.

THE SECURITIES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, THE OKLAHOMA SECURITIES ACT OR OTHER APPLICABLE STATE SECURITIES ACTS. THE SECURITIES HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED FOR VALUE IN THE ABSENCE OF AN EFFECTIVE REGISTRATION OF THEM UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED, AND/OR THE OKLAHOMA SECURITIES ACT, OR ANY OTHER APPLICABLE ACT, OR AN OPINION OF COUNSEL TO UNIT 2008 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP THAT SUCH REGISTRATION IS NOT REQUIRED UNDER SUCH ACT.

The undersigned hereby subscribes for              Units (minimum subscription: 2 Units) at a price of $1,000 per Unit for a total Capital Subscription (as defined in Article II of the Agreement) of $                      , which shall be due and payable either:

(Check One)

                     (a) in four equal installments on March 15, 2008, June 15, 2008, September 15, 2008 and December 15, 2008, respectively; or

                     (b) through equal deductions from 2008 salary of the undersigned commencing immediately after the Effective Date (as defined in Article II of the Agreement).

 

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LIMITED PARTNER :   RESIDENT ADDRESS :     

(If placing Units

in the name of spouse

or trustee for minor

child or children,

please provide name,

address of such

spouse or trustee and

Social Security or Tax

Identification Number)

 

 

 

    

 

 

 

    
Signature       

 

  Mailing Address if different :     
Please Print Name       
Date:  

 

 

 

    

TAX I.D. OR SOCIAL

SECURITY NO .:

   

 

    

 

ACCEPTED THIS          DAY OF January, 2008.

UNIT 2008 EMPLOYEE OIL AND GAS LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

 

By  

 

  Authorized Officer of Unit
  Petroleum Company, General Partner

Upon completion, an executed copy of this Limited Partner Subscription Agreement and Suitability Statement must be returned to Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, Attention Mark E. Schell, 7130 South Lewis Avenue, Suite 1000, Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136 . The General Partner, after acceptance, will return a copy of the accepted Subscription Agreement to the Limited Partner.

 

I-6


LOGO

 

TULSA

 

Henry G. Will

Joseph J. McCain, Jr.

Lynnwood R. Moore, Jr.

Robert A. Curry

Steven W. McGrath

D. Richard Funk

J. Ronald Petrikin

Larry B. Lipe

James E. Green, Jr.

Martin R. Wing

John W. Ingraham

Andrew R. Turner

Gary L. Betow

Gentra Abbey Sorem

R. Kevin Redwine

Tony W. Haynie

Bruce W. Freeman

David R. Cordell

C. Raymond Patton, Jr.

Paul E. Braden

Robert J. Melgaard

P. Scott Hathaway

Lawrence A. Hall

Timothy T. Trump

Mark E. Dreyer

Teresa Meinders Burkett

Nancy E. Vaughn

Mark D. Berman

Katherine G. Coyle

   

Beverly K. Smith

Melodie Freeman-Burney

R. Richard Love, III

Robert D. James

Stephen R. Ward

Jeffrey R. Schoborg

Anne B. Sublett

J. Ryan Sacra

Jason S. Taylor

Katy Day Inhofe

Julia Forrester-Sellers

Melinda L. Kirk

Debra R. Stockton

P. Bradley Bendure

Kathryn J. Kindell

Alissa A. Hurley

Jed W. Isbell

Paige N. Shelton

Jason B. Coutant

Allison McGrath Gardner

Elizabeth G. Zeiders

David S. Randolph

Kathryn S. Burnett

 

 

William G. von Glahn

Bob F. McCoy

Lynn P. Mattson

 

 

James R. Ryan

Russell H. Harbaugh, Jr.

David O. Cordell

   

ATTORNEYS & COUNSELORS AT LAW

 

Conner & Winters, LLP

4000 One Williams Center

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74172-0148

918-586-5711

Fax 918-586-8982

www.cwlaw.com

 

 

Writer’s Direct Number

918-586-8965

 

Writer’s Fax Number

918-586-8665

 

Writer’s E-mail Address

drather@cwlaw.com

 

December 10, 2007

   

OKLAHOMA CITY

 

Irwin H. Steinhorn

John W. Funk

Jared D. Giddens

Robin F. Fields

Kiran A. Phansalkar

Victor F. Albert

Mitchell D. Blackburn

Mark H. Bennett

Bryan J. Wells

Laura McCasland Holbrook

J. Dillon Curran

C. Brad Williams

Justin L. Pybas

John J. Griffin

Crystal A. Johnson

 

 

Peter B. Bradford

 

NORTHWEST ARKANSAS

 

John R. Elrod 1

Greg S. Scharlau

Vicki Bronson

Todd P. Lewis 1

P. Joshua Wisley

Kerri E. Kobbeman 2

 

 

Terri Dill Chadick

Charles E. Scharlau 1

   

WASHINGTON, D.C.

 

G. Daniel Miller 1

Donn C. Meindertsma 1

Rabeha S. Kamaluddin 3

 

 

Henry Rose 1

Erica L. Summers 1

 

HOUSTON, TEXAS

 

Randolph L. Jones, Jr.

Jerry D. Redmond, Jr.

 

DALLAS, TEXAS

 

Kevin H. Good 1

 

JACKSON, WYOMING

 

Randolph L. Jones, Jr.

 

SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO

 

Douglas M. Rather

 

 

Benjamin C. Conner

    1879-1963

John M. Winters, Jr.

    1901-1989

 

1    Not Admitted in Oklahoma

2    Not Admitted in Arkansas

3    Admitted only in California; admission in the District of Columbia pending; supervision by Donn C. Meindertsma, a member of the District of Columbia Bar

Unit Petroleum Company

7130 South Lewis, Suite 1000

Tulsa, Oklahoma 74136-5492

Re: Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership

Dear Sirs:

We have acted as counsel for Unit Petroleum Company, an Oklahoma corporation (the “General Partner”), which will be the General Partner in the Unit 2008 Employee Oil and Gas Limited Partnership, a proposed Oklahoma limited partnership (the “Partnership”). You have requested our opinions regarding certain federal income tax matters concerning the Partnership.

We have reviewed and relied upon the accuracy of the facts and information set forth in the Private Offering Memorandum dated December 10, 2007 (the “Memorandum”), covering the offer and sale of units of limited partnership interest (“Units”) in the Partnership, the Agreement of Limited Partnership included as Exhibit A to the Memorandum (the “Partnership Agreement”), the consolidated balance sheet of the General Partner dated October 31, 2007, and such other documents and matters as we have considered necessary in order to render this opinion. Capitalized terms used herein have the meaning assigned to them in the Memorandum, except as otherwise specifically indicated.

In our examination we have assumed the authenticity of original documents, the accuracy of copies and the genuineness of signatures. We have relied upon the representations and statements of the General Partner of the Partnership with respect to the factual determinations underlying the legal conclusions set forth herein. We have not attempted to verify independently such representations and statements.

Please note that we are opining only as to the matters expressly set forth herein, and no opinion should be inferred as to any other matters. We are unable to render opinions as to a


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 2

 

number of federal income tax issues relating to an investment in Units and the operations of the Partnership. Finally, we are not expressing any opinion with respect to the amount of allowable losses or credits that may be generated by the Partnership or the amount of each Partner’s share of allowable losses or credits from the Partnership’s activities.

The following opinion and statements are based upon the provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), existing and proposed regulations thereunder, current administrative rulings, and court decisions. The federal income tax law is uncertain as to many of the tax matters material to an investment in the Partnership, and it is not possible to predict with certainty how the law will develop or how the courts will decide various issues if they are litigated. While this opinion fairly states our views concerning the tax aspects of an investment in the Partnership, both the Internal Revenue Service (the “Service”) and the courts may disagree with our position on certain issues.

Moreover, uncertainty exists concerning some of the federal income tax aspects of the transactions being undertaken by the Partnership. Some of the tax positions to be taken by the Partnership may be challenged by the Service and there is no assurance that any such challenge will not be successful. Thus, there can be no assurance that all of the anticipated tax benefits of an investment in the Partnership will be realized.

Our opinions are based upon the transactions described in the Memorandum (the “Transaction”) and upon facts as they have been represented to us or determined by us as of the date of the opinion. Any alteration of the facts may adversely affect the opinions rendered. In our opinion, the preponderance of the material tax benefits, in the aggregate, will be realized by the Partners. It is possible, however, that some of the tax benefits will be eliminated or deferred to future years.

Because of the factual nature of the inquiry, and in certain cases the lack of clear authority in the law, it is not possible to reach a judgment as to the outcome on the merits (either favorable or unfavorable) of certain material federal income tax issues as described more fully herein.

Compliance with Circular 230

The United States Treasury Department establishes standards for tax practitioners who practice before the Internal Revenue Service (the “Service”). Those standards are set forth in a publication known as Circular 230. Circular 230 was recently revised and now requires that written statements issued by a tax practitioner that constitute a Covered Opinion, within the meaning of Circular 230, adhere to certain standards of factual and legal due diligence, contain certain material and conform to a specific manner of presentation.

We have concluded that this letter opinion (the “Letter”) constitutes a Covered Opinion. Accordingly, the Letter is drafted in a manner designed to comply with the Covered Opinion requirements of Circular 230. We have concluded that no federal tax issue discussed in the


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 3

 

Letter relates to a Listed Transaction within the meaning of Circular 230. We have concluded that the tax benefits discussed in the Letter likely are being claimed in accordance with provisions of the Code and the underlying Congressional purpose and, therefore, conclude that the principal purpose of the transactions as outlined are not tax avoidance. We have also concluded, however, that a significant purpose of the transactions may be tax avoidance, and, as set forth below, we have reached a more-likely-than-not conclusion (a greater than fifty percent (50%) likelihood) with respect to one or more significant federal tax issues that we discuss below. We have, therefore, concluded that the Letter constitutes a Reliance Opinion within the meaning of Circular 230.

Because we understand that you may use the Letter to promote, market, or recommend tax matters addressed herein, we also have concluded that this advice may be considered a Marketed Opinion within the meaning of Circular 230. However, the Letter is not intended to be a Marketed Opinion. Therefore, as permitted in Circular 230, we are providing the following Marketed Opinion disclaimer:

IMPORTANT LIMITATIONS ON TAX ASPECTS —

MARKETED OPINION DISCLAIMER

In order to avoid the characterization of the Letter constituting a Marketed Opinion, we state that this advice: (i) was not intended or written by the practitioner to be used and that it cannot be used by any taxpayer for the purpose of avoiding penalties; (ii) was written to support the promotion or marketing of the transaction or matters addressed by the written advice; and (iii) taxpayers should seek advice based on the taxpayer’s particular circumstances from an independent tax advisor.

Circular 230 also provides that a Covered Opinion which is a Limited Scope Opinion, an opinion that is limited to the federal tax issues addressed in the opinion and which does not address all of the significant federal tax issues, satisfies the Covered Opinion requirements. The Letter is a Limited Scope Opinion. As required in Circular 230, therefore, we are providing the following Limited Scope Opinion disclosure:

IMPORTANT LIMITATIONS ON TAX ASPECTS —

LIMITED SCOPE OPINION DISCLAIMER

The Letter is limited to the United States federal income tax consequences addressed herein. Additional issues may exist that could affect the federal tax treatment of the transactions or matters addressed herein and the Letter does not consider or provide a conclusion with respect to any such additional issues. The Letter was not written, and cannot be used, to avoid tax penalties with respect to any federal tax issues not addressed herein.


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 4

 

SUMMARY OF CONCLUSIONS

Opinions expressed: The following is a summary of the specific opinions expressed by us with respect to the Federal Income Tax Considerations discussed herein. TO BE FULLY UNDERSTOOD, THE COMPLETE DISCUSSION OF THESE MATTERS SHOULD BE READ BY EACH PROSPECTIVE PARTNER.

1. The material federal income tax benefits in the aggregate from an investment in the Partnership will be realized.

2. The Partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and not as a corporation, an association taxable as a corporation or a “publicly traded partnership.”

3. To the extent the Partnership’s wells are timely drilled and amounts are timely paid, the Partners will be entitled to their pro rata shares of the Partnership’s IDC paid in 2008.

4. Limited Partners’ interests will be considered a passive activity within the meaning of Code Section 469 and losses generated therefrom will be limited by the passive activity provisions of the Code.

5. To the extent provided herein, the Partners’ distributive shares of Partnership tax items will be determined and allocated substantially in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement.

No opinion expressed: Due to the lack of authority, or the essentially factual nature of the question, we express no opinion on the following:

1. The impact of an investment in the Partnership on an investor’s alternative minimum tax liability.

2. Whether each Partner will be entitled to percentage depletion since such a determination is dependent upon the status of the Partner as an independent producer.

3. Whether any interest incurred by a Partner with respect to any borrowings to acquire a Unit will be deductible or subject to limitations on deductibility.

4. Whether the Partnership will be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the General Partner as nominee for the Partnership.

General Information: Certain matters contained herein are not considered to address a material tax consequence and are for general information, including the matters contained in sections dealing with gain or loss on the sale of Units or of property, Partnership distributions, tax audits, penalties, and state and local tax.


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 5

 

Our opinions are also based upon the facts described in the Memorandum and upon certain representations made to us by the General Partner for the purpose of permitting us to render our opinions, including the following representations with respect to the Partnership:

1. The Partnership Agreement to be entered into by and among the General Partner and Limited Partners and any amendments thereto will be duly executed and will be made available to any Limited Partner upon written request. The Partnership Agreement will be duly recorded in all places required under the Oklahoma Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act (the “Act”) for the due formation of the Partnership and for the continuation thereof in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The Partnership will at all times be operated in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement, the Memorandum, and the Act.

2. No election will be made by the Partnership, any of the Limited Partners, or the General Partner to be excluded from the application of the provisions of Subchapter K of the Code.

3. The Partnership will own operating mineral interests, as defined in the Code and in the Regulations, and none of the Partnership’s revenues will be from non-working interests.

4. The General Partner will cause the Partnership to properly elect to deduct currently all Intangible Drilling and Development Costs.

5. The Partnership will have a December 31 taxable year and will report its income on the accrual basis.

6. All Partnership wells will be spudded by not later than December 31, 2008. The entire amount to be paid under any drilling and under the operating agreements entered into by the Partnership will be attributable to Intangible Drilling and Development Costs.

7. Such drilling and operating agreements will be duly executed and will govern the operation of the Partnership’s wells.

8. At least 90% of the gross income of the Partnership will constitute income derived from the exploration, development, production, and or marketing of oil and gas. The General Partner does not believe that any market will ever exist for the sale of Units and the General Partner will not make a market for the Units. Further, the Units will not be traded on an established securities market or the substantial equivalent thereof.

9. There is not now pending nor, to the knowledge of the General Partner or UNIT, threatened any action, suit or proceeding by the Internal Revenue Service under Sections 6700 or 7408 of the Internal Revenue Code relating to the promoter penalty referred to in Section 6700 of the Code with respect to any partnerships sponsored by the General


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 6

 

Partner or UNIT. Neither the General Partner, UNIT, nor, to the knowledge of either of them, any participant in such partnerships has received any pre-filing notifications referred to in Revenue Procedure 83-73 with respect to such partnerships or the Partnership from the Internal Revenue Service.

10. The General Partner will, as nominee for the Partnership, acquire and hold title to Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership; the General Partner will enter into an agency agreement before the General Partner acquires any such oil and gas properties on behalf of the Partnership; the agency agreement will reflect that the General Partner’s acquisition of Partnership properties is on behalf of the Partnership; and the General Partner will execute assignments of all oil and gas interests acquired by it on behalf of the Partnership to the Partnership.

11. The Partnership and each Partner will have the objective of carrying on the business of the Partnership for profit and dividing the gain therefrom.

12. No election will be made under the Regulations for the Partnership to be treated as a corporation.

Our opinions are also subject to all the assumptions, qualifications, and limitations set forth in the following discussion, including the assumptions that each of the Partners has full power, authority, and legal right to enter into and perform the terms of the Partnership Agreement and to take any and all actions thereunder in connection with the transactions contemplated thereby.

Each prospective investor should be aware that, unlike a ruling from the Service, an opinion of counsel represents only such counsel’s best judgment. THERE CAN BE NO ASSURANCE THAT THE SERVICE WILL NOT SUCCESSFULLY ASSERT POSITIONS WHICH ARE INCONSISTENT WITH OUR OPINIONS SET FORTH IN THIS DISCUSSION OR IN THE TAX REPORTING POSITIONS TAKEN BY THE PARTNERS OR THE PARTNERSHIP. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR SHOULD CONSULT HIS OWN TAX ADVISOR TO DETERMINE THE EFFECT OF THE TAX ISSUES DISCUSSED HEREIN ON HIS INDIVIDUAL TAX SITUATION.

PARTNERSHIP STATUS

The Partnership will be formed as a limited partnership pursuant to the Partnership Agreement and the laws of the State of Oklahoma. The characterization of the Partnership as a partnership by state or local law, however, will not be determinative of the status of the Partnership for federal income tax purposes. The availability of any federal income tax benefits to an investor is dependent upon classification of the Partnership as a partnership rather than as a corporation or as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 7

 

We are of the opinion that the Partnership will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, and not as a corporation, an association taxable as a corporation or a “publicly traded partnership.” However, there can be no assurance that the Service will not attempt to treat the Partnership as a corporation or as an association taxable as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. If the Service were to prevail on this issue, the tax benefits associated with taxation as a partnership would not be available to the Partners.

Although the Partnership will be validly organized as a limited partnership under the laws of the state of Oklahoma and will be subject to the Act, whether it will be treated for federal income tax purposes as a partnership or as a corporation or as an association taxable as a corporation will be determined under the Code rather than local law. As discussed below, our opinion that the Partnership will not be classified a corporation or as an association taxable as a corporation is based in part on entity classification regulations promulgated in 1996 and in part on the fact that in our opinion the Partnership will not constitute a “publicly traded partnership.”

 

A. Association Taxable as a Corporation

Our opinion that the Partnership will not be treated as an association taxable as a corporation is based on regulations issued by the Internal Revenue Service on December 17, 1996, generally effective as of January 1, 1997, regarding the tax classification of certain business organizations (the “Check the Box Regulations”).

Under the Check the Box Regulations, in general, a business entity that is not otherwise required to be treated as a corporation under such regulations will be classified as a partnership if it has two or more members, unless the business entity elects to be treated as a corporation. The Partnership is not required under the Check the Box Regulations to be treated as a corporation and the General Partner has represented that it will not elect that the Partnership be treated as a corporation. Accordingly, in our opinion the Partnership will not be treated as an association taxable as a corporation.


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 8

 

B. Publicly Traded Partnerships

The Revenue Act of 1987 (the “1987 Act”) added Code Section 7704, “Certain Publicly Traded Partnerships Treated as Corporations.” In treating certain “publicly traded partnerships” (“PTPs”) as corporations for federal income tax purposes, Congress defined a PTP as any partnership, interests in which are either traded on an established securities market or readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof). Code Section 7704(b). Regulation Section 1.7704-1(b) provides that an “established securities market” includes a national securities exchange registered under Section 6 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “1934 Act”), a national securities exchange exempt under the 1934 Act because of the limited volume of transactions, certain foreign security laws, regional or local exchanges, and an interdealer quotation system that regularly disseminates firm buy or sell quotations by identified brokers or dealers. The General Partner has represented that the Units will not be traded on an established securities market.

Notwithstanding the above general treatment of PTPs, Code Section 7704(c) creates an exception to the treatment of PTPs as corporations for any taxable year if 90% or more of the gross income of the partnership for such taxable year consists of “qualifying income.” Code Section 7704(c)(2). For this purpose, qualifying income is defined to include, inter alia , “income and gains derived from the exploration, development, mining or production, processing, refining... or the marketing of any mineral or natural resource...” Code Section 7704(d)(1)(E). The General Partner has represented that for all taxable years of the Partnership, 90% or more of the Partnership’s gross income will consist of such qualifying income.

Regarding the definition of PTPs contained in the Code, the Committee Reports to the 1987 Act provide that PTPs include entities with respect to which, inter alia , (i) “the holder of an interest has a readily available, regular and ongoing opportunity to sell or exchange his interest through a public means of obtaining or providing information of offers to buy, sell or exchange interests,” (ii) “prospective buyers and sellers have the opportunity to buy, sell or exchange interests in a time frame and with the regularity and continuity that the existence of a market maker would provide,” and (iii) there exists a “regular plan of redemptions or repurchases” or similar acquisitions of interests in the partnership such that holders of interests have readily available, regular and ongoing opportunities to dispose of their interests.”

The Service issued Regulation Section 1.7704-1 to clarify when partnership interests that are not traded on an established securities market will be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. Essentially, the Regulation provides that such a situation occurs if partners are readily able to buy, sell, or exchange their partnership interests in a manner that is comparable, economically, to trading on an established securities market. In addition, Notice 88-76 and the Regulation provide limited safe harbors from the definition of a PTP in advance of the issuance of final regulations. It is unclear whether the limited safe harbors provided in the Notice and Regulation would result in the Units being treated as not publicly traded and we express no opinion regarding this matter. However, the General Partner’s obligation to purchase Units pursuant to the right or presentment described in


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 9

 

the Memorandum is conditioned upon the receipt by the Partnership from its counsel of an opinion that such offers or obligations to offer will not cause the Partnership to be treated as “publicly traded.”

Due to the presence of the opinion of counsel condition, the Partnership, in our opinion, will not be treated as a PTP prior to any purchases of Units pursuant to the right of presentment. Accordingly, the Partnership, in our opinion, will not be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes under Code Section 7704 in the absence of the Partnership’s interests being “readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof).”

Notwithstanding the above, the Service may promulgate regulations or release announcements which take the position that interests in partnerships such as the Partnership are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. However, treatment of the Partnership as a PTP should not result in its treatment as a corporation for federal income tax purposes due to the exception contained in Code Section 7704(c) relating to PTPs meeting the 90% of gross income test so long as such gross income test is satisfied.

 

C. Summary

Based on the above, in our opinion the Partnership will not be treated as an association taxable as corporation for federal income tax purposes by reason of the Check the Box Regulations. Further, since any obligation of the General Partner to purchase Units is conditioned upon the receipt of an opinion of counsel that the Partnership will not be treated as a PTP, and assuming the Partnership satisfies the 90% gross income test of Code Section 7704, the Partnership, in our opinion, will not be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the Partnership in our opinion will be treated as partnership for federal income tax purposes. If challenged by the Service on this issue, the Partners should prevail on the merits, and each Partner should be required to report his proportionate share of the Partnership’s items of income and deductions on his individual federal income tax return.

If in any taxable year the Partnership were to be treated for federal income tax purposes as a corporation or as an association taxable as a corporation, the Partnership income, gain, loss, deductions, and credits would be reflected only on its “corporate” tax return rather than being passed though to the Partners. In such event, the Partnership would be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on its net income, thereby reducing the amount of cash available to be distributed to the Partners. Additionally, all or a portion of any distribution made to Partners would be taxable as dividends, which would not be deductible by the Partnership and which would generally be treated as ordinary portfolio income to the Partners, regardless of the source from which such distributions were generated.

The discussion that follows is based on the assumption that the Partnership will be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 10

 

FEDERAL TAXATION OF THE PARTNERSHIP

Under the Code, a partnership is not a taxable entity and, accordingly, incurs no federal income tax liability. Rather, a partnership is a “pass-through” entity which is required to file an information return with the Service. In general the character of a partner’s share of each item of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit is determined at the partnership level. Each partner is allocated a distributive share of such items in accordance with the partnership agreement and is required to take such items into account in determining the partner’s income. Each partner includes such amounts in income for any taxable year of the partnership ending within or with the taxable year of the partner, without regard to whether the partner has received or will receive any cash distributions from the Partnership.

A partnership anti-abuse regulation promulgated under Reg. Section 1.701-2 authorizes the Service to recharacterize a partnership transaction if (1) a partnership is formed or availed of in connection with a transaction a principal purpose of which is to reduce substantially the present value of the partners’ aggregate federal income tax liability, and (2) the transaction is inconsistent with the intent of the Subchapter K partnership provisions. Additionally, the regulation permits the Service to treat a partnership as an aggregate of its partners, in whole or in part, as appropriate, to carry out the purpose of any provision of the Code or the regulations. The scope of this regulation is unclear at this time. Accordingly, we are unable to express an opinion as to its effect, if any, on the Partnership.

OWNERSHIP OF PARTNERSHIP PROPERTIES

The General Partner has indicated that it, as nominee for the Partnership (the “Nominee”), will acquire and hold title to Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership. The Nominee and the Partnership will enter into an agency agreement before the Nominee acquires any oil and gas properties on behalf of the Partnership. That agency agreement will reflect that the Nominee’s acquisition of Partnership Properties is on behalf of the Partnership. For various cost and procedural reasons, the assignments of all oil and gas interests acquired by the Nominee on behalf of the Partnership to the Partnership will not be recorded in the real estate records in the counties in which the Partnership Properties are located. That is, while the Partnership will be the owner of the Partnership Properties, there will be no public record of that ownership. It is possible that the Service could assert that the Nominee should be treated for federal income tax purposes as the owner of the Partnership Properties, notwithstanding the assignment of those Partnership Properties to the Partnership. If the Service were to argue successfully that the Nominee should be treated as the tax owner of the Partnership Properties, there would be significant adverse federal income tax consequences to the Limited Partners, such as the unavailability of depletion deductions in respect of income from Partnership Properties. The Service is concerned that taxpayers not be able to shift the tax consequences of transactions between parties based on the parties’ declaration that one party is the agent of another; the Service generally requires that taxpayers respect the form of their transactions and ownership of property. Based on this concern, the Service may challenge the Partnership’s treatment of Partnership Properties, and tax attributes thereof, which are held of record by the Nominee.


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 11

 

In Commissioner of Internal Revenue v. Bollinger , 485 U.S. 340 (1988), the United States Supreme Court reviewed a principal-agent relationship and held for the taxpayer in concluding that the principal should be treated as the tax owner of property held in the name of the agent. In that case the Supreme Court noted that “It seems to us that the genuineness of the agency relationship is adequately assured, and tax-avoiding manipulation adequately avoided, when the fact that the corporation is acting as agent for its shareholders with respect to a particular asset is set forth in a written agreement at the time the asset is acquired, the corporation functions as agent and not principal with respect to the asset for all purposes, and the corporation is held out as the agent and not principal in all dealings with third parties relating to the asset.” While the Partnership and the Nominee will have in place an agreement defining their relationship before any Partnership Properties are acquired by the Nominee and the Nominee will function as agent with respect to those Partnership Properties on behalf of the Partnership, the Nominee will not hold itself out to all third parties as the agent of the Partnership in dealings relating to the Partnership Properties. Unlike the relationship between the principal and the agent in Bollinger , the Nominee will, however, assign title to Partnership Properties to the Partnership, but will not record those assignments. Accordingly, the facts related to the relationship between the Nominee and the Partnership are not the same as the facts in Bollinger and it is not clear that the failure of the Nominee to hold itself out to third parties as the agent of the Partnership in dealings relating to Partnership Properties would result in the treatment of the Nominee as the tax owner of the Partnership Properties. For the foregoing reasons, we have not expressed an opinion on this issue, but we believe that substantial arguments may be made that the Partnership should be treated as the tax owner of Partnership Properties acquired by the Nominee on the Partnership’s behalf. If the Partnership were not treated as the tax owner of the Partnership Properties, then our conclusions with respect to the following discussions which relate to the Partners’ deduction of tax items which are derived from Partnership Properties, such as IDC, depletion and Depreciation, would not be applicable.

INTANGIBLE DRILLING AND DEVELOPMENT COSTS DEDUCTIONS

Under Code Section 263(a), taxpayers are denied deductions for capital expenditures, which expenditures are those that generally result in the creation of an asset having a useful life which extends substantially beyond the close of the taxable year. See also Treas. Reg. Section 1.461-1(a)(2). In Indopco, Inc. v. Commissioner , 92-1 USTC paragraph 50,113 (1992), the Supreme Court seemed to further limit the capitalization criteria by stating that the costs should be capitalized when they provide benefits that extend beyond one tax year. Notwithstanding these statutory and judicial general rules, Congress has granted to the Secretary of the Treasury the authority to prescribe regulations that would allow taxpayers the option of deducting, rather than capitalizing, intangible drilling and development costs (“IDC”). Code Section 263. The Secretary’s rules are embodied in Treas. Reg. Section 1.612-4 and state that, in general, the option to deduct IDC applies only to expenditures for drilling and development items that do not have a salvage value.


Unit Petroleum Company

December 10, 2007

Page 12

 

With respect to IDC incurred by a partnership, Code Section 703 and Treas. Reg. Section 1.703-1(b) provide that the option to deduct such costs is to be exercised at the partnership level and in the year in which the deduction is to be taken. All partners are bound by the partnership’s election. The General Partner has represented that the Partnership will elect to deduct IDC in accordance with Treas. Reg. Section 1.612-4. In this regard, subject to such provision, Limited Partners will be entitled to deduct IDC against passive income in the year in which the investment is made, provided wells are spudded within the first ninety days of the following year.

 

A. Classification of Costs

In general, IDC consists of those costs which in and of themselves have no salvage value. Treas. Reg. Section 1.612-4(a) provides examples of items to which the option to deduct IDC applies, including all amounts paid for labor, fuel, repairs, hauling, and supplies, or any of them, which are used (i) in the drilling, shooting, and cleaning of wells, (ii) in such clearing of ground, draining, road making, surveying, and geological works as are necessary in the preparation for the drilling of wells, and (iii) in the construction of such derricks, tanks, pipelines, and other physical structures as are necessary for the drilling of wells and the preparation of wells for the production of oil or gas. The Service, in Rev. Rul. 70-414, 1970-2 C.B. 132, set forth further classifications of items subject to the option and those considered capital in nature. The ruling provides that the following items are not subject to the election of Treas. Reg. Section 1.612-4(a): (i) oil well pumps (upon initial completion of the well), including the necessary housing structures; (ii) oil well pumps (after the well has flowed for a time), including the necessary housing structures; (iii) oil well separators, including the necessary housing structures; (iv) pipelines from the wellhead to oil storage tanks on the producing lease; (v) oil storage tanks on the producing lease; (vi) salt water disposal equipment, including any necessary pipelines; (vii) pipelines from the mouth of a gas well to the first point of control, such as a common carrier pipeline, natural gasoline plant, or carbon black plant; (viii) recycling equipment, including any necessary pipelines; and (ix) pipelines from oil storage tanks on the producing leasehold to a common carrier pipeline.

A partnership’s classification of a cost as IDC is not binding on the government, which might reclassify an item labeled as IDC as a cost which must be capitalized. In Bernuth v. Commissioner , 57 T.C. 225 (1971), aff’d , 470 F.2d 710 (2nd Cir. 1972), the Tax Court denied taxpayers a deduction for that portion of a turnkey drilling contract price that was in excess of a reasonable cost for drilling the wells in question under a turnkey contract, holding that the amount specified in the turnkey contract was not controlling. Similarly, the Service, in Rev. Rul. 73-211, 1973-1 C.B. 303, concluded that excessive turnkey costs are not deductible as IDC:

[o]nly that portion of the amount of the taxpayer’s total investment that is attributable to intangible drilling and development costs that would have been incurred in an arm’s-length transaction with an unrelated drilling contractor (in accordance with the economic realities of the transaction) is deductible [as IDC].


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To the extent the Partnership’s prices meet the reasonable price standards imposed by Bernuth , supra , and Rev. Rul 73-211, supra , and to the extent such amounts are not allocable to tangible property, leasehold costs, and the like, the amounts paid to the General Partner or its affiliates under drilling contracts should qualify as IDC and should be deductible at the time described below under “B. Timing of Deductions”. That portion of the amount paid to the General Partner or its affiliates that is in excess of the amount that would be charged by an independent driller under similar conditions will not qualify as IDC and will be required to be capitalized.

We are unable to express an opinion regarding the reasonableness or proper characterization of the payments under the drilling contracts, since the determination of whether the amounts are reasonable or excessive is inherently factual in nature. No assurance can be given that the Service will not characterize a portion of the amount paid to the General Partner or its affiliates as an excessive payment, to be capitalized as a leasehold cost, assignment fee, syndication fee, organization fee, or other cost, and not deductible as IDC. To the extent not deductible such amounts will be included in the Partners’ bases in their interests in the Partnership.

 

B. Timing of Deductions

As described above, Code Section 263(c) and Treas. Reg. Section 1.612-4 allow the Partnership to expense IDC as opposed to capitalizing such amounts. Even if the Partnership elects to expense the IDC, assuming a taxpayer is otherwise entitled to such a deduction, the taxpayer may elect to capitalize all or a part of the IDC and amortize the same on a straight-line basis over a sixty month period, beginning with the taxable month in which such expenditure is made. Code Section 59(e)(1) and (2)(c).

For taxpayers entitled to deduct IDC, the timing of such deduction can vary, depending, in part, upon the taxpayer’s method of accounting. The General Partner has represented that the Partnership will use the accrual method of accounting. Under the accrual method, income is recognized when all the events have occurred which fix the right to receive such income and the amount thereof can be determined with reasonable accuracy. Reg. Section 1.451-1(a). With respect to deductions, recognition results when all events which establish liability have occurred and the amount thereof can be determined with reasonable accuracy. Reg. Section 1.461-1(a)(2). Regarding deductions, Code Section 461(h)(1) provides that “. . . the all events test shall not be treated as met any earlier than when economic performance with respect to such item occurs.”

Code Section 461(i)(2), provides that, in the case of a “tax shelter,” economic performance with respect to the act of drilling an oil or gas well will “. . . be treated as having occurred within a taxable year if drilling of the well commences before the close of the 90th day after the close of the taxable year.” The Code Section 461 definition of a “tax shelter” is expansive and would include the Partnership. However, with respect to a tax shelter which is a partnership, the maximum deduction that would be allowable for any prepaid expenses under this exception would be limited to the partner’s “cash basis” in the partnership. Code


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Section 461(i)(2)(B)(i). Such “cash basis equals the partner’s adjusted basis in the partnership, determined without regard to (i) any liability of the partnership and (ii) any amount borrowed by the partner with respect to the partnership which (I) was arranged by the partnership or by any person who participated in the organization, sale, or management of the partnership (or any person related to such person within the meaning of Code Section 465(b)(3)(C)) or (II) was secured by any assets of the partnership”. Code Section 461(i)(2)(C). The General Partner has represented that drilling operations for Partnership wells will commence by the spudding of each well on or before December 31, 2008. If completion is warranted, each well will be completed with due diligence thereafter. Further the General Partner has represented that, in any event, the Partnership will not have any such liability referred to in Code Section 461(i)(2)(C), and the Partners will not so incur any such debt so as to result in application of the limiting provisions contained in Code Section 461(i)(2)(B)(i).

Notwithstanding the above, the deductibility of any prepaid IDC will be subject to the limitations of case law. These limitations provide that prepaid IDC is deductible when paid if (i) the expenditure constitutes a payment that is not merely a deposit, (ii) the payment is made for a business purpose, and (iii) deductions attributable to such outlay do not result in a material distortion of income. See Keller v. Commissioner , 79 T.C. 7 (1982), aff’d , 725 F.2d 1173 (8th Cir. 1984), Rev. Rul. 71-252, 1971-1 C.B. 146, Pauley v. U.S. , 63-1 U.S.T.C. paragraph 9280 (S.D. Cal. 1963), Rev. Rul. 80-71, 1980-1 C.B. 106, Jolley v. Commissioner , 47 T.C.M. 1082 (1984), Dillingham v. U.S. , 81-2 U.S.T.C. paragraph 9601 (W.D. Okla. 1981), and Stradlings Building Materials, Inc. v. Commissioner , 76 T.C. 84 (1981). Generally, these requirements may be met by a showing of a legally binding obligation (i.e., the payment was not merely a deposit), of a legitimate business purpose for the payment, that performance of the services was required within a reasonable time, and of an arm’s-length price. Similar requirements apply to cash basis taxpayers seeking to deduct prepaid IDC.

The General Partner is unable to represent that all of the Partnership’s wells will be completed in 2008; however, the General Partner has represented that any such well that is not completed in 2008 will be spudded by not later than December 31, 2008.

The Service has challenged the timing of the deduction of IDC when the wells giving rise to such deduction have been completed in a year subsequent to the year of prepayment. The decisions noted above hold that prepayments of IDC by a cash basis taxpayer are, under certain circumstances, deductible in the year of prepayment if some work is performed in the year of prepayment even though the well is not completed that year.

In Keller v. Commissioner, supra , the Eighth Circuit Court of Appeals applied a three-part test for determining the current deductibility of prepaid IDC by a cash basis taxpayer, namely whether (i) the expenditure was a payment or a mere deposit, (ii) the payment was made for a valid business purpose and (iii) the prepayment resulted in a material distortion of income. The facts in that case dealt with two different forms of drilling contracts: footage or day-work contracts and turnkey contracts. Under the turnkey contracts, the prepayments were not refundable in any event, but in the event work was stopped on one well the remaining unused


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amount would be applied to another well to be drilled on a turnkey basis. Contrary to the Service’s argument that this substitution feature rendered the payment a mere deposit, the court in Keller concluded that the prepayments were indeed “payments” because the taxpayer could not compel a refund. The court further found that the deduction clearly reflected income because under the unique characteristics of the turnkey contract the taxpayer locked in the price and shifted the drilling risk to the contractor, for a premium, effectively getting its bargained for benefit in the year of payment. Therefore, the court concluded that the cash basis taxpayers in that case properly could deduct turnkey payments in the year of payment. With respect to the prepayments under the footage or day-work contracts, however, the court found that the payments were mere deposits on the facts of the case, because the partnership had the power to compel a refund. The court was also unconvinced as to the business purpose for prepayment under the footage or day-work contracts, primarily because the testimony indicated that the drillers would have provided the required services with or without prepayment.

Under the terms of drilling and operating agreements to be entered into by and between the Partnership and the General Partners or its affiliates, if amounts paid by the Partnership prior to the commencement of drilling exceed amounts due the General Partner or its affiliates thereunder, the General Partner or its affiliates will not refund any portion of amounts paid by the Partnership, but rather will create a credit once the actual costs incurred by the General Partner or its affiliates are compared to the amounts paid.

The Service has adopted the position that the relationship between the parties may provide evidence that the drilling contract between the parties requiring prepayment may not be a bona fide arm’s-length transaction, in which case a portion of the prepayment may be disallowed as being a “non-required payment.” The Service has formally applied its position on prepayments to related parties in Revenue Ruling 80-71. 1980-1 C.B. 106. In this ruling, a subsidiary corporation, which was a general partner in an oil and gas limited partnership, prepaid the partnership’s drilling and completion costs under a turnkey contract entered into with the corporate parent of the general partner. The agreement did not provide for any date for commencing drilling operations and the contractor, which did not own any drilling equipment, was to arrange for the drilling equipment for the wells through subcontractors. Revenue Ruling 71-252, supra , was factually distinguished on the grounds of the business purpose of the transaction, immediate expenditure of prepaid receipts, and completion of the wells within two and one-half months. Rev. Rul. 80-71 found that the prepayment was not made in accordance with customary business practice and held on the facts that the payment was deductible in the tax year that the related general contractor paid the independent subcontractor.

However, in Tom B. Dillingham v. United States , 1981-2 USTC paragraph 9601 (D.C. Okla. 1981), the court held that, on the facts before it, a contract between related parties requiring a prepaid IDC did give rise to a deduction in the year paid. In that case, Basin Petroleum Corp. (“Basin”) was the general partner of several drilling partnerships and also served as the partnership operator and general contractor. As general contractor, Basin was to conduct the drilling of the wells at a fixed price on a turnkey basis under an agreement that required payment prior to the end of the year in question. The stated reason for the prepayment


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was to provide Basin with working capital for the drilling of the wells and to temporarily provide funds to Basin for other operations. The agreement required drilling to commence within a reasonable period of time, and all wells were completed within the following year. Some of the wells were drilled by Basin with its own rigs and some were drilled by subcontractors. The court stated:

The fact that the owner and contractor is the general partner of the partnership-owner does not change this result where, as here, the Plaintiffs have shown that prepayment was required for a legitimate business purpose and the transaction was not a sham to merely permit Plaintiff to control the timing of the deduction. IRC, Sec. 707(a). Plaintiffs were entitled to rely upon Revenue Ruling 71-252 by reason of Income Tax Regulations 26 C.F.R. Section 601.601(d)(2)(v)(e) . . .

Notwithstanding the foregoing, no assurance can be given that the Service will not challenge the current deduction of IDC because of the prepayment being made to a related party. If the Service were successful with such challenge, the Partners’ deductions for IDC would be deferred to later years.

The timing of the deductibility of prepaid IDC is inherently a factual determination which is to a large extent predicated on future events. The General Partner has represented that the drilling and operating agreements to be entered into with an affiliate of the General Partner by the Partnership will be duly executed by and delivered to such affiliate, the Partnership and the General Partner as attorney-in-fact for the Partners and will govern the drilling, and, if warranted, the completion of each of the Partnership’s wells. Based upon this representation and others included within the opinion and assuming that the drilling and operating agreements will be performed in accordance with their terms, we are of the opinion that the payment for IDC under the drilling and operating agreements, if made in 2008, will be allowable as a deduction in 2008, subject to the other limitations discussed in this opinion. Although the General Partner will attempt to satisfy each requirement of the Service and judicial authority for deductibility of IDC in 2008, no assurance can be given that the Service will not successfully contend that the IDC of a well which is not completed until 2009 are not deductible in whole or in part until 2009.


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C. Recapture of IDC

IDC which has been deducted is subject to recapture as ordinary income upon certain dispositions (other than by abandonment, gift, death, or tax-free exchange) of an interest in an oil or gas property. IDC previously deducted that is allocable to the property (directly or through the ownership of an interest in a partnership) and which would have been included in the adjusted basis of the property is recaptured to the extent of any gain realized upon the disposition of the property. Treasury Regulations provide that recapture is determined at the partner level (subject to certain anti-abuse provisions). Reg. Section 1.1254-5(b). Where only a portion of recapture property is disposed of, any IDC related to the entire property is recaptured to the extent of the gain realized on the portion of the property sold. In the case of the disposition of an undivided interest in a property (as opposed to the disposition of a portion of the property), a proportionate part of the IDC with respect to the property is treated as allocable to the transferred undivided interest to the extent of any realized gain. Reg. Section 1.1254-1(c).

DEPLETION DEDUCTIONS

The owner of an economic interest in an oil and gas property is entitled to claim the greater of percentage depletion or cost depletion with respect to oil and gas properties which qualify for such depletion methods. In the case of partnerships, the depletion allowance must be computed separately by each partner and not by the partnership. Code Section 613A(c)(7)(D). Notwithstanding this requirement, however, the Partnership, pursuant to Section 3.01(d)(i) of the Partnership Agreement, will compute a “simulated depletion allowance” at the Partnership level, solely for the purposes of maintaining Capital Accounts. Code Sections 613A(d)(2) and 613A(d)(4).

Cost depletion for any year is determined by multiplying the number of units ( e.g. , barrels of oil or Mcf of gas) sold during the year by a fraction, the numerator of which is the cost of the mineral interest and the denominator of which is the estimated recoverable units of reserve available as of the beginning of the depletion period. See Treas. Reg. Section 1.611-2(a). In no event can the cost depletion exceed the adjusted basis of the property to which it relates.

Percentage depletion is generally available only with respect to the domestic oil and gas production of certain “independent producers.” In order to qualify as an independent producer, the taxpayer, either directly or through certain related parties, may not be involved in the refining of more 50,000 barrels of oil (or equivalent of gas) on any day during the taxable year or in the retail marketing of oil and gas products exceeding $5 million per year in the aggregate.

In general, (i) component members of a controlled group of corporations, (ii) corporations, trusts, or estates under common control by the same or related persons and (iii) members of the same family (an individual, his spouse and minor children) are aggregated and treated as one taxpayer in determining the quantity of production (barrels of oil or cubic feet of gas per day) qualifying for percentage depletion under the independent producer’s exemption. Code Section 613A(c)(8). No aggregation is required among partners or between a partner and a partnership. An individual taxpayer is related to an entity engaged in refining or retail marketing if he owns 5% or more of such entity. Code Section 613A(d)(3).


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Percentage depletion is a statutory allowance pursuant to which, under current law, a minimum deduction equal to 15% of the taxpayer’s gross income from the property is allowed in any taxable year, not to exceed (i) 100% of the taxpayer’s taxable income from the property (computed without the allowance for depletion) or (ii) 65% of the taxpayer’s taxable income for the year (computed without regard to percentage depletion and net operating loss and capital loss carrybacks). Code Sections 613(a) and 613A(d)(1). The rate of the percentage depletion deduction will vary with the price of oil. In the case of production from marginal properties, the percentage depletion rate may be increased. Section 613A(c)(6). For purposes of computing the percentage depletion deduction, “gross income from the property” does not include any lease bonus, advance royalty, or other amount payable without regard to production from the property. Code Section 613A(d)(5). Depletion deductions reduce the taxpayer’s adjusted basis in the property. However, unlike cost depletion, deductions under percentage depletion are not limited to the adjusted basis of the property; the percentage depletion amount continues to be allowable as a deduction after the adjusted basis has been reduced to zero.

Percentage depletion will be available, if at all, only to the extent that a taxpayer’s average daily production of domestic crude oil or domestic natural gas does not exceed the taxpayer’s depletable oil quantity or depletable natural gas quantity, respectively. Generally, the taxpayer’s depletable oil quantity equals 1,000 barrels and depletable natural gas quantity equals 6,000,000 cubic feet. Code Section 613A(c)(3) and (4). In computing his individual limitation, a Partner will be required to aggregate his share of the Partnership’s oil and gas production with his share of production from all other oil and gas investments. Code Section 613A(c). Taxpayers who have both oil and gas production may allocate the deduction limitation between the two types of production.

The availability of depletion, whether cost or percentage, will be determined separately by each Partner. Each Partner must separately keep records of his share of the adjusted basis in an oil or gas property, adjust such share of the adjusted basis for any depletion taken on such property, and use such adjusted basis each year in the computation of his cost depletion or in the computation of his gain or loss on the disposition of such property. These requirements may place an administrative burden on a Partner. For properties placed in service after 1986, depletion deductions, to the extent they reduce the basis of an oil and gas property, are subject to recapture under Section 1254.

SINCE THE AVAILABILITY OF PERCENTAGE DEPLETION FOR A PARTNER IS DEPENDENT UPON THE STATUS OF THE PARTNER AS AN INDEPENDENT PRODUCER, WE ARE UNABLE TO RENDER ANY OPINION AS TO THE AVAILABILITY OF PERCENTAGE DEPLETION. EACH PROSPECTIVE INVESTOR IS URGED TO CONSULT WITH HIS PERSONAL TAX ADVISOR TO DETERMINE WHETHER PERCENTAGE DEPLETION WOULD BE AVAILABLE TO HIM.


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DEPRECIATION DEDUCTIONS

The Partnership will claim depreciation, cost recovery, and amortization deductions with respect to its basis in Partnership Property as permitted by the Code. For most tangible personal property placed in service after December 31, 1986, the “modified accelerated cost recovery system” (“MACRS”) must be used in calculating the cost recovery deductions. Thus, the cost of lease equipment and well equipment, such as casing, tubing, tanks, and pumping units, and the cost of oil or gas pipelines cannot be deducted currently but must be capitalized and recovered under “MACRS.” The cost recovery deduction for most equipment used in domestic oil and gas exploration and production and for most of the tangible personal property used in natural gas gathering systems is calculated using the 200% declining balance method switching to the straight-line method, a seven-year recovery period, and a half-year convention.

INTEREST DEDUCTIONS

In the Transaction, the Limited Partners will acquire their interests by remitting cash in the amount of $1,000 per Unit to the Partnership (employees of Unit Corporation and its subsidiaries may elect payroll withholding). In no event will the Partnership accept notes in exchange for a Partnership interest. Nevertheless, without any assistance of the General Partner or any of its affiliates, some Partners may choose to borrow the funds necessary to acquire a Unit and may incur interest expense in connection with those loans. Based upon the purely factual nature of any such loans, we are unable to express an opinion with respect to the deductibility of any interest paid or incurred thereon.

TRANSACTION FEES

The Partnership may classify a portion of the fees or expense reimbursement payments (the “Fees”) to be paid to third parties and to the General Partner or its affiliates as expenses which are deductible as organizational expenses or otherwise. There is no assurance that the Service will allow the deductibility of such expenses and we express no opinion with respect to the allocation of the Fees to deductible and nondeductible items.

Generally, expenditures made in connection with the creation of, and with sales of interests in, a partnership will fit within one of several categories.

A partnership may elect to amortize and deduct its organizational expenses (as defined in Code Section 709(b)(2) and in Reg. Section 1.709-2(a)) ratably over a period of not less than 60 months commencing with the month the partnership begins business. Organizational expenses are expenses which (i) are incident to the creation of the partnership, (ii) are chargeable to capital account, and (iii) are of a character which, if expended incident to the creation of a partnership having an ascertainable life, would (but for Code Section 709(a)) be amortized over such life. Id . Examples of organizational expenses are legal fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, such as negotiation and preparation of a partnership agreement, accounting fees for services incident to the organization of the partnership, and filing fees. Reg. Section 1.709-2(a).


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Under Code Section 709, no deduction is allowable for “syndication expenses,” examples of which include brokerage fees, registration fees, legal fees of the underwriter or placement agent and the issuer (general partners or the partnership) for securities advice and for advice pertaining to the adequacy of tax disclosures in the Memorandum or private placement memorandum for securities law purposes, printing costs, and other selling or promotional material. These costs must be capitalized. Reg. Section 1.709-2(b). Payments for services performed in connection with the acquisition of capital assets must be amortized over the useful life of such assets. Code Section 263.

Under Code Section 195, no deduction is allowable with respect to “start-up expenditures,” although such expenditures may be capitalized and amortized over a period of not less than 60 months. Start-up expenditures are defined as amounts (i) paid or incurred in connection with (A) investigating the creation or acquisition of an active trade or business, (B) creating an active trade or business, or (C) any activity engaged in for profit and for the production of income before the day on which the active trade or business begins, in anticipation of such activity becoming an active trade or business, and (ii) which, if paid or incurred in connection with the operation of an existing active trade or business (in the same field as the trade or business referred to in (i) above), would be allowable as a deduction for the taxable year in which paid or incurred. Code Section 195(c)(1).

The Partnership intends to make expense reimbursement payments to the General Partner, as described in the Memorandum. To be deductible, compensation paid to a general partner must be for services rendered by the partner other than in his capacity as a partner or for compensation determined without regard to partnership income. Fees which are not deductible because they fail to meet this test may be treated as special allocations of income to the recipient partner (see Pratt v. Commissioner , 550 F.2d 1023 (5th Cir. 1977)), and thereby decrease the net loss or increase the net income among all partners.

To the extent these expenditures described in the Memorandum are considered syndication costs, they will be nondeductible by the Partnership. To the extent attributable to organization fees (such as the amounts paid for legal services incident to the organization of the Partnership), the expenditures may be amortizable over a period of not less than 60 months, commencing with the month the Partnership begins business, if the Partnership so elects; if no election is made, no deduction is available. Finally, to the extent any portion of the expenditures would be treated as “start-up,” they could be amortized over a 60 month or longer period, provided the proper election was made.

Due to the inherently factual nature of the proper allocation of expenses among nondeductible syndication expenses, amortizable organization expenses, amortizable “start-up” expenditures, and currently deductible items, and because the issues involve questions concerning both the nature of the services performed and to be performed and the reasonableness


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of amounts charged, we are unable to express an opinion regarding such treatment. If the Service were to successfully challenge the General Partner’s allocations, a Partner’s taxable income could be increased, thereby resulting in increased taxes and in potential liability for interest and penalties.

BASIS AND AT RISK LIMITATIONS

A Partner’s share of Partnership losses will not be allowed as a deduction to the extent such share exceeds the amount of the Partner’s adjusted tax basis in his Units. A Partner’s initial adjusted tax basis in his Units will generally be equal to the cash he has invested to purchase his Units. Such adjusted tax basis will generally be increased by (i) additional amounts invested in the Partnership, including his share of net income, (ii) additional capital contributions, if any, and (iii) his share of Partnership borrowings, if any, based on the extent of his economic risk of loss for such borrowings. Such adjusted tax basis will generally be reduced, but not below zero by (i) his share of loss, (ii) his depletion deductions on his share of oil and gas income (until such deductions exhaust his share of the basis of property subject to depletion), (iii) the amount of cash and the adjusted basis of property other than cash distributed to him, and (iv) his share of reduction in the amount of indebtedness previously included in his basis.

In addition, Code Section 465 provides, in part, that, if an individual or a closely held C ( i.e. , regularly taxed) corporation engages in any activity to which Code Section 465 applies, any loss from that activity is allowed only to the extent of the aggregate amount with respect to which the taxpayer is “at risk” for such activity at the close of the taxable year. Code Section 465(a)(1). A closely held C corporation is a corporation more than fifty percent (50%) of the stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, at any time during the last half of the taxable year by or for not more than five (5) individuals. Code Sections 465(a)(1)(B), 542(a)(2). For purposes of Code Section 465, a loss is defined as the excess of otherwise allowable deductions attributable to an activity over the income received or accrued from that activity. Code Section 465(d). Any such loss disallowed by Code Section 465 shall be treated as a deduction allocable to the activity in the first succeeding taxable year. Code Section 465(a)(2).

Code Section 465(b)(1) provides that a taxpayer will be considered as being “at risk” for an activity with respect to amounts including (i) the amount of money and the adjusted basis of other property contributed by the taxpayer to the activity, and (ii) amounts borrowed with respect to such activity to the extent that the taxpayer (A) is personally liable for the repayment of such amounts, or (B) has pledged property, other than property used in the activity, as security for such borrowed amounts (to the extent of the net fair market value of the taxpayer’s interest in such property). No property can be taken into account as security if such property is directly or indirectly financed by indebtedness that is secured by property used in the activity. Code Section 465(b)(2). Further, amounts borrowed by the taxpayer shall not be taken into account if such amounts are borrowed (i) from any person who has an interest (other than an interest as a creditor) in such activity, or (ii) from a related person to a person (other than the taxpayer) having such an interest. Code Section 465(b)(3).


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Related persons for purposes of Code Section 465(b)(3) are defined to include related persons within the meaning of Code Section 267(b) (which describes relationships between family members, corporations and shareholders, trusts and their grantors, beneficiaries and fiduciaries, and similar relationships), Code Section 707(b)(1) (which describes relationships between partnerships and their partners) and Code Section 52 (which describes relationships between persons engaged in businesses under common control). Code Section 465(b)(3)(C).

Finally, no taxpayer is considered at risk with respect to amounts for which the taxpayer is protected against loss through nonrecourse financing, guarantees, stop loss agreements, or other similar arrangements. Code Section 465(b)(4).

The Code provides that a taxpayer must recognize taxable income to the extent that his “at risk” amount is reduced below zero. This recaptured income is limited to the sum of the loss deductions previously allowed to the taxpayer, less any amounts previously recaptured. A taxpayer may be allowed a deduction for the recaptured amounts included in his taxable income if and when he increases his amount “at risk” in a subsequent taxable year.

The Treasury has published proposed regulations relating to the at risk provisions of Code Section 465. These proposed regulations provide that a taxpayer’s at risk amount will include “personal funds” contributed by the taxpayer to an activity. Prop. Reg. Section 1.465-22(a). “Personal funds” and “personal assets” are defined in Prop. Reg. Section 1.465-9(f) as funds and assets which (i) are owned by the taxpayer, (ii) are not acquired through borrowing, and (iii) have a basis equal to their fair market value.

In addition to a taxpayer’s amount at risk being increased by the amount of personal funds contributed to the activity, the excess of the taxpayer’s share of all items of income received or accrued from an activity during a taxable year over the taxpayer’s share of allowable deductions from the activity for the year will also increase the amount at risk. Prop. Reg. Section 1.465-22. A taxpayer’s amount at risk will be decreased by (i) the amount of money withdrawn from the activity by or on behalf of the taxpayer, including distributions from a partnership, and (ii) the amount of loss from the activity allowed as a deduction under Code Section 465(a). Id .

The Partners will purchase Units by tendering cash (or payroll deductions) to the Partnership. To the extent the cash contributed constitutes the “personal funds” of the Partners, the Partners should be considered at risk with respect to those amounts. To the extent the cash contributed constitutes “personal funds,” in our opinion, neither the at risk rules nor the adjusted basis rules will limit the deductibility of losses generated from the Partnership.


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PASSIVE LOSS AND CREDIT LIMITATIONS

 

A. Introduction

Code Section 469 provides that the deductibility of losses generated from passive activities will be limited for certain taxpayers. The passive activity loss limitations apply to individuals, estates, trusts, and personal service corporations as well as, to a lesser extent, closely held C corporations. Code Section 469(a)(2).

The definition of a “passive activity” generally encompasses all rental activities as well as all activities with respect to which the taxpayer does not “materially participate.” Code Section 469(c). Notwithstanding this general rule, however, the term “passive activity” does not include “any working interest in any oil or gas property which the taxpayer holds directly or through an entity which does not limit the liability of the taxpayer with respect to such interest.” Code Section 469(c)(3)(4).

A passive activity loss (“PAL”) is defined as the amount (if any) by which the aggregate losses from all passive activities for the taxable year exceed the aggregate income from all passive activities for such year. Code Section 469(d)(1).

Classification of an activity as passive will result in the income and expenses generated therefrom being treated as “passive” except to the extent that any of the income is “portfolio” income and except as otherwise provided in regulations. Code Section 469(e)(1)(A). Portfolio income is income from, inter alia , interest, dividends. and royalties not derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business. Income that is neither passive nor portfolio is “net active income.” Code Section 469(e)(2)(B).

With respect to the deductibility of PALs, individuals and personal service corporations will be entitled to deduct such amounts only to the extent of their passive income whereas closely held C corporations (other than personal service corporations) can offset PALs against both passive and net active income, but not against portfolio income. Code Section 469(a)(1), (e)(2). In calculating passive income and loss, however, all activities of the taxpayer are aggregated. Code Section 469(d)(1). PALs disallowed as a result of the above rules will be suspended and can be carried forward indefinitely to offset future passive (or passive and active, in the case of a closely held C corporation) income. Code Section 469(b).

Upon the disposition of an entire interest in a passive activity in a fully taxable transaction not involving a related party, any passive loss that was suspended by the provisions of the Code Section 469 passive activity rules is deductible from either passive or non-passive income. The deduction must be reduced, however, by the amount of income or gain realized from the activity in previous years.

As noted above, a passive activity includes an activity with respect to which the taxpayer does not “materially participate.” A taxpayer will be considered as materially participating in a


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venture only if the taxpayer is involved in the operations of the activity on a “regular, continuous, and substantial” basis. Code Section 469(h)(1). With respect to the determination as to whether a taxpayer’s participation in an activity is material, temporary regulations issued by the Service provide that, except for limited partners in a limited partnership, an individual will be treated as materially participating in an activity if and only if (i) the individual participates in the activity for more than 500 hours during such year, (ii) the individual’s participation in the activity for the taxable year constitutes substantially all of the participation in such activity of all individuals for such year, (iii) the individual participates in the activity for more than 100 hours during the taxable year, and such individual’s participation in such activity is not less than the participation in the activity of any other individual for such year, (iv) the activity is a trade or business activity of the individual, the individual participates in the activity for more than 100 hours during such year, and the individual’s aggregate participation in all significant participation activities of this type during the year exceeds 500 hours, (v) the individual materially participated in the activity for 5 of the last 10 years, or (vi) the activity is a personal service activity and the individual materially participated in the activity for any 3 preceding years. Temp. Reg. Section 1.469-5T(a).

Notwithstanding the above, and except as may be provided in regulations, Code Section 469(h)(2) provides that no limited partnership interest will be treated as an interest with respect to which a taxpayer materially participates. The temporary regulations create several exceptions to this rule and provide that a limited partner will not be treated as not materially participating in an activity of the partnership of which he is a limited partner if the limited partner would be treated as materially participating for the taxable year under paragraph (a)(1), (5), or (6) of Reg. Section 1.469-5T (as described in (i), (v), and (vi) of the above paragraph) if the individual were not a limited partner for such taxable year. Temp. Reg. Section 1.469-5T(e). For purposes of this rule, a partnership interest of an individual will not be treated as a limited partnership interest for the taxable year if the individual is an Additional General Partner in the partnership at all times during the partnership’s taxable year ending with or within the individual’s taxable year. Id .

 

B. Limited Partner Interests

If an investor invests in the Partnership as a Limited Partner, in our opinion, his distributive share of the Partnership’s losses will be treated as PALs, the availability of which will be limited to his passive income thereon. If the Limited Partner does not have sufficient passive income to utilize the PALs, the disallowed PALs will be suspended and may be carried forward (but not back) to be deducted against passive income arising in future years. Further, upon the complete disposition of the interest to an unrelated party in a fully taxable transaction, such suspended losses will be available, as described above.

Regarding Partnership income, Limited Partners should generally be entitled to offset their distributive shares of such income with deductions from other passive activities, except to the extent such Partnership income is portfolio income. Since gross income from interest, dividends, annuities, and royalties not derived in the ordinary course of a trade or business is not


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passive income, a Limited Partner’s share of income from royalties, income from the investment of the Partnership’s working capital, and other items of portfolio income will not be treated as passive income. In addition, Code Section 469(1)(3) grants the Secretary of the Treasury the authority to prescribe regulations requiring net income or gain from a limited partnership or other passive activity to be treated as not from a passive activity.

 

C. Publicly Traded Partnerships

Notwithstanding the above, Code Section 469(k) treats net income from PTPs as portfolio income under the PAL rules. Further each partner in a PTP is required to treat any losses from a PTP as separate from income and loss from any other PTP and also as separate from any income or loss from passive activities. Id . Losses attributable to an interest in a PTP that are not allowed under the passive activity rules are suspended and carried forward, as described above. Further, upon a complete taxable disposition of an interest in a PTP, any suspended losses are allowed (as described above with respect to the passive loss rules). As noted above, we have opined that the Partnership will not be a PTP.

In the event the Partnership were treated as a PTP, any net income would be treated as portfolio income and each Partner’s loss therefrom would be treated as separate from income and loss from any other PTP and also as separate from any income or loss from passive activities. Since the Partnership should not be treated as a PTP, the provisions of Code Section 469(k), in our opinion, will not apply to the Partners in the manner outlined above prior to the time that such Partnership becomes a PTP. However, unlike the PTP rules of Code Section 7704, the passive activity rules of Code Section 469 do not provide an exception for partnerships that pass the 90% test of Code Section 7704. Accordingly, if the Partnership were to be treated as a PTP under the passive activity rules, passive losses could be used only to offset passive income from the Partnership.

ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX

Code Section 55 imposes on noncorporate taxpayers a two-tiered, graduated rate schedule for alternative minimum tax (“AMT”) equal to the sum of (i) 26% of so much of the “taxable excess” as does not exceed $175,000, plus (ii) 28% of so much of the “taxable excess” as exceeds $175,000 (for married individuals filing jointly). Code Section 55(b)(1)(A)(i). “Taxable excess” is defined as so much of the alternative minimum taxable income (“AMTI”) for the taxable year as exceeds the exemption amount. Code Section 55(b)(1)(A)(ii). AMTI is generally defined as the taxpayer’s taxable income, increased or decreased by certain adjustments and items of tax preference. Code Section 55(b)(2).

The exemption amount for noncorporate taxpayers is (i) $45,000 in the case of a joint return or a surviving spouse, (ii) $33,750 in the case of an individual who is not a married individual or a surviving spouse, and (iii) $22,500 in the case of a married individual who files a separate return or an estate or trust. Such amounts are phased out as a taxpayer’s AMTI increases above certain levels. Code Section 55(d)(1) and (3). Individuals subject to the AMT are


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generally allowed a credit, equal to the portion of the AMT imposed by Code Section 55 arising as a result of deferral preferences for use against the taxpayer’s future regular tax liability (but not the minimum tax liability).

Under the AMT provisions, adjustments and items of tax preference that may arise from a Partner’s acquisition of an interest in the Partnership include the following:

1. Taxpayers which do not meet the definition of an integrated oil company as defined in Code Section 291(b)(4) are not subject to the preference item for “excess IDC.” Code Section 57(a)(2)(E)(i). The benefit of the elimination of the preference is limited in any taxable year to an amount equal to 40 percent of the alternative minimum taxable income for the year computed as if the prior law “excess IDC” preference item has not been eliminated. Code Section 57(a)(2)(E)(ii). Excess IDC is defined as the excess of (i) IDC paid or incurred (other than costs incurred in drilling a nonproductive well) with respect to which a deduction is allowable under Code Section 263(c) for the taxable year over (ii) the amount which would have been allowable for the taxable year if such costs had been capitalized and (I) amortized over a 120 month period beginning with the month in which production from such well begins or (II) recovered through cost depletion. Code Section 57(a)(2)(B). However, any portion of the IDC to which an election under Code Section 59(e) applies will not be treated as an item of tax preference under Code Section 57(a). Code Section 59(e)(6). With respect to IDC paid or incurred, corporate and individual taxpayers are allowed to make the Code Section 59(e) election and, for regular tax and AMT purposes, deduct such expenditures over the 60 month period beginning with the month in which such expenditure is paid or incurred. Code Section 59(e)(1).

2. The preference item for excess depletion is repealed for other than integrated oil companies. Code Section 57(a)(1).

3. Each Partner’s AMTI will be increased (or decreased) by the amount by which the depreciation deductions allowable under Code Sections 167 and 168 with respect to such property exceeds (or is less than) the depreciation determined under the alternative depreciation system using the one hundred fifty percent (150%) declining balance method switching to the straight-line method, when that produces a greater deduction, in lieu of the straight-line method otherwise prescribed by the ADS. Code Section 56(a)(1).

Due to the inherently factual nature of the applicability of the AMT to a Partner, we are unable to express an opinion with respect to such issues. Due to the potentially significant impact of a purchase of Units on an investor’s tax liability, investors should discuss the implications of an investment in the Partnership on their regular and AMT liabilities with their tax advisors prior to acquiring Units.


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GAIN OR LOSS ON SALE OF PROPERTIES

Gain from the sale or other disposition of property is realized to the extent of the excess of the amount realized therefrom over the property’s adjusted basis; conversely, loss is realized in an amount equal to the excess of the property’s adjusted basis over the amount realized from such a disposition. Code Section 1001(a). The amount realized is defined as the sum of any money received plus the fair market value of the property (other than money) received. Code Section 1001(b). Accordingly, upon the sale or other disposition of the Partnership properties, the Partners will realize gain or loss to the extent of their pro rata share of the difference between the Partnership’s adjusted basis in the property at the time of disposition and the amount realized upon disposition. In the absence of nonrecognition provisions, any gain or loss realized will be recognized for federal income tax purposes.

Gain or loss recognized upon the disposition of property used in a trade or business and held for more than one year will be treated as long term capital gain or as ordinary loss. Code Section 1231(a). Notwithstanding the above, any gain realized may be taxed as ordinary income under one of several “recapture” provisions of the Code or under the characterization rules relating to “dealers” in personal property.

Code Section 1254 generally provides for the recapture of capital gains, arising from the sale of property which was placed in service after 1986, as ordinary income to the extent of the lesser of (i) the gain realized upon sale of the property, or (ii) the sum of (A) all IDC previously deducted and (B) all depletion deductions that reduced the property’s basis. Code Section 1254(a)(1).

Ordinary income may also result from the recapture, pursuant to Code Section 1245, of depreciation on the Partnership properties. Such recapture is the amount by which (i) the lower of (A) the recomputed basis of the property, or (B) the amount realized on the sale of the property exceeds (ii) the property’s adjusted basis. Code Section 1245(a)(1). Recomputed basis is generally the property’s adjusted basis increased by depreciation and amortization deductions previously claimed with respect to the property. Code Section 1245(a)(2).

GAIN OR LOSS ON SALE OF UNITS

It the Units are capital assets in the hands of the Partners, gain or loss realized by any such holders on the sale or other disposition of a Unit will be characterized as capital gain or capital loss. Code Section 1221. Such gain or loss will be a long term capital gain or loss if the Unit is held for more than one year, or a short term capital gain or loss if held for one year or less. However, the portion of the amount realized by a Partner in exchange for a Unit that is attributable to the Partner’s share of the Partnership’s “unrealized receivables” or “substantially appreciated inventory items” will be treated as an amount realized from the sale or exchange of property other than a capital asset. Code Section 751.


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Unrealized receivables are defined in Code Section 751(c) to include “ . . . oil [or] gas . . . property . . . to the extent of the amount which would be treated as gain to which section . . . 1245(a) . . . or 1254(a) would apply if . . . such property had been sold by the partnership at its fair market value.” A sale by the Partnership of the Partnership’s properties could give rise to treatment of the gain thereunder as ordinary income as a result of Code Sections 1245(a) or 1254(a). Accordingly, gain recognized by a Partner on the sale of a Unit would be taxed as ordinary income to the Partner to the extent of his share of the Partnership’s gain on property that would be recaptured, upon sale, under those statutes.

Substantially appreciated inventory items are those “inventory items” noted below, the fair market value of which exceeds 120% of the adjusted basis to the partnership of such property, excluding any such inventory property acquired with a principal purpose of avoiding Section 751. Code Section 751(d)(1). Property treated as an “inventory item” for purposes of Code Section 751 includes (i) stock in trade of the partnership or other property of a kind which would properly be included in its inventory if on hand at the end of the taxable year, (ii) property held by the partnership primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of its trade or business, and (iii) any other partnership property which would constitute neither a capital asset nor property used in a trade or business under Code Section 1231. Code Sections 751(d)(2) and 1221(1).

Under the aforementioned provisions, a Partner would recognize ordinary income with respect to any deemed sale of assets under Code Section 751; further, this ordinary income may be recognized even if the total amount realized on the sale of a Unit is equal to or less than the Partner’s basis in the Unit.

Any partner who sells or exchanges interests in a partnership holding unrealized receivables (which include IDC recapture and other items) or certain inventory items must notify the partnership of such transaction in accordance with Regulations under Code Section 6050K and must attach a statement to his tax return reflecting certain facts regarding the sale or exchange. Regulations promulgated by the Service provide that such notice to the partnership must be given in writing within 30 days of the sale or exchange (or, if earlier, by January 15 of the calendar year following the calendar year in which the exchange occurred), and must include names, addresses, and taxpayer identification numbers (if known) of the transferor and transferee and the date of the exchange. Code Section 6721 provides that persons who fail to furnish this information to the partnership will be penalized $50 for each such failure, or, if such failure is due to intentional disregard to the filing requirement, the person will be penalized the greater of (i) $100 or (ii) 10% of the aggregate amount to be reported. Furthermore, a partnership is required to notify the Service of any sale or exchange of interests of which it has notice, and to report the names and addresses of the transferee and the transferor, along with all other required information. The partnership also is required to provide copies of the information it provides to the Service to the transferor and the transferee.


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The tax consequences to an assignee purchaser of a Unit from a Partner are not described herein. Any assignor of a Unit should advise his assignee to consult his own tax advisor regarding the tax consequences of such assignment.

PARTNERSHIP DISTRIBUTIONS

Under the Code, any increase in a partner’s share of partnership liabilities, or any increase in such partner’s individual liabilities by reason of an assumption by him of partnership liabilities is considered to be a contribution of money by the partner to the partnership. Similarly, any decrease in a partner’s share of partnership liabilities or any decrease in such partner’s individual liabilities by reason of the partnership’s assumption of such individual liabilities will be considered as a distribution of money to the partner by the partnership. Code Section 752(a), (b).

The Partners’ adjusted bases in their Units will initially consist of the cash they contribute to the Partnership. Their bases will be increased by their share of Partnership income and additional contributions and decreased by their share of Partnership losses and distributions. To the extent that such actual or constructive distributions are in excess of a Partner’s adjusted basis in his Partnership interest (after adjustment for contributions and his share of income and losses of the Partnership), that excess will generally be treated as gain from the sale of a capital asset. In addition, gain could be recognized to a distributee partner upon the disproportionate distribution to a partner of unrealized receivables, substantially appreciated inventory or, in some cases, Code Section 731(c) marketable securities, i.e., actively traded financial instruments, foreign currencies or interests in certain defined properties.

PARTNERSHIP ALLOCATIONS

Allocations—General. Generally, a partner’s taxable income is increased or decreased by his ratable share of partnership income or loss. Code Section 701. However, the availability of these losses may be limited by the at risk rules of Code Section 465, the passive activity rules of Code Section 469, and the adjusted basis provisions of Code Section 704(d).

Code Section 704(b) provides that if a partnership agreement does not provide for the allocation of each partner’s distributive share of partnership income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit, or if the allocation of such items under the partnership agreement lacks “substantial economic effect,” then each partner’s share of those items must be allocated “in accordance with the partner’s interest in the partnership.”

As discussed below, regulations under Code Section 704(b) define substantial economic effect and prescribe the manner in which partners’ capital accounts must be maintained in order for the allocations contained in a partnership agreement to be respected. Notwithstanding these provisions, special rules apply with respect to nonrecourse deductions since, under the Treasury Regulations, allocations of losses or deductions attributable to nonrecourse liabilities cannot have economic effect.


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The Service may contend that the allocations contained in the Partnership Agreement do not have substantial economic effect or are not in accordance with the Partners’ interests in the Partnership and may seek to reallocate these items in a manner that will increase the income or gain or decrease the deductions allocable to a Partner. We are of the opinion that, to the extent provided herein, if challenged by the Service on this matter, the Partners’ distributive shares of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit will be determined and allocated substantially in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement and have substantial economic effect.

Substantial Economic Effect. Although a partner’s share of partnership income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit is generally determined in accordance with the partnership agreement, this share will be determined in accordance with the partner’s interest in the partnership (determined by taking into account all facts and circumstances) and not by the partnership agreement if the partnership allocations do not have “substantial economic effect” and if the allocations are not respected under the nonrecourse deduction provisions of the regulations. Code Section 704(b); Reg. Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(i), 1.704-2.

Treasury regulations provide that:

In order for an allocation to have economic effect, it must be consistent with the underlying economic arrangement of the partners. This means that in the event there is an economic benefit or economic burden that corresponds to an allocation, the partner to whom the allocation is made must receive such economic benefit or bear such economic burden .

Reg. Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii). The Regulations further provide that an allocation will have economic effect only if, throughout the full term of the partnership, the partnership agreement provides (i) for the determination and maintenance of partner’s capital accounts in accordance with specified rules contained therein, (ii) upon liquidation of the partnership or a partner’s interest in the partnership, liquidating distributions are required to be made in accordance with the positive capital account balances of the partners after taking into account all capital account adjustments for the taxable year of the liquidation, and (iii) either (A) a partner with a deficit balance in his capital account following the liquidation is unconditionally obligated to restore the amount of such deficit balance to the partnership by the end of the taxable year of liquidation, or (B) the partnership agreement contains a qualified income offset (“QIO”) provision as provided in Reg. Section 1.714-1(b)(2)(ii)(d). Reg. Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(b) and 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d).

The capital account maintenance rules generally mandate that each partner’s capital account be increased by (i) money contributed by the partner to the partnership, (ii) the fair market value (net of liabilities) of property contributed by the partner to the partnership, and (iii) allocations to the partner of partnership income and gain. Further, such capital account must be decreased by (i) money distributed to the partner from the partnership, (ii) the fair market value (net of liabilities) of property distributed to the partner from the partnership, and (iii) allocations to the partner of partnership losses and deductions. Reg. Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv).


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Reg. Section 1.714-1(b)(2)(iii) provides that an economic effect of an allocation is “substantial” if there is a reasonable possibility that the allocation will affect substantially the dollar amounts to be received by the partners from the partnership, independent of tax consequences. The economic effect of an allocation is not substantial if:

at the time the allocation becomes part of the partnership agreement, (1) the after-tax economic consequences of at least one partner may, in present value terms, be enhanced compared to such consequences if the allocation (or allocations) were not contained in the partnership agreement, and (2) there is a strong likelihood that the after-tax economic consequences of no partner will, in present value terms, be substantially diminished compared to such consequences if the allocation (or allocations) were not contained in the partnership agreement. In determining the after-tax economic benefit or detriment to a partner, tax consequences that result from the interaction of the allocation with such partner’s tax attributes that are unrelated to the partnership will be taken into account.

Reg. 1.704-1(b)(2)(iii)(a).

While the Service stated that it will not rule on whether an allocation provision in a partnership agreement has substantial economic effect, several Technical Advice Memoranda (“TAMs”) shed light on the Service’s position on such matter. Notwithstanding the potential similarity between TAMs and a taxpayer’s particular fact pattern, it should be noted that TAMs may not be used or cited as precedent. Code Section 6110(j)(3), Treas. Reg. Sections 301.6110-2(a) and -7(b). Nevertheless, TAMs do serve to illustrate the Service’s position on certain specific cases. The TAMs relating to substantial economic effect focus on the tax avoidance purpose of any such above-described allocations and on the partnership plan for distributions upon liquidation. Illustrative of the Service’s approach is TAM 8008054, in which the Service concluded that an allocation to the partners solely of items that the partnership had elected to expense (IDC) had as its principal purpose tax avoidance. The Service suggested that, had the allocation affected the parties’ liquidation rights, the allocation would have had substantial economic effect: “In general, substantial economic effect has been found where all allocations of items of income, gain, loss, deduction or credit increase or decrease the respective capital accounts of the partners and distribution of assets made upon liquidation is made in accordance with capital accounts.” The ruling noted that the investors “should have been allocated their share of costs over the intangible drilling costs.” Id . The question whether economic effect is “substantial” is one of fact which may depend in part on the timing of income and deductions and on consideration of the investors’ tax attributes unrelated to their investment in Units, and thus is not a question upon which a legal opinion can ordinarily be expressed. However, to the extent the tax brackets of all Partners do not differ at the time the allocation becomes part of the partnership agreement, the economic effect of the allocation provisions should be considered to be substantial.


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Code Section 613A(c)(7)(D) requires that the basis of oil and gas properties owned by a partnership be allocated to the partners in accordance with their interests in the capital or income of the partnership. Final Regulations issued under Code Section 613A(c)(7)(D) indicate that such basis must be allocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the capital of the partnership if their interests in partnership income vary over the life of the partnership for any reason other than for reasons such as the admission of a new partner. Reg. Section 1.613A-3(e)(2). The terms “capital” and “income” are not defined in the Code or in the Regulations under Section 613A. The Treasury Regulations under Code Section 704 indicate that if all partnership allocations of income, gain, loss, and deduction (or items thereof) have substantial economic effect, an allocation of the adjusted basis of an oil or gas property among the partners will be deemed to be made in accordance with the partners’ interests in partnership capital or income and will accordingly be recognized.

Pursuant to the Partnership Agreement, (i) allocations will be made as mandated by the Treasury Regulations, (ii) liquidating distributions will be made in accordance with positive capital account balances, and (iii) a “qualified income offset” provision applies. However, while capital will be ultimately owned by the Limited Partners in the Limited Partners’ Percentage and by the General Partner in the General Partner’s Percentage, IDC and other tax items will be allocated 99% to the Limited Partners and 1% to the General Partner until the Limited Partner Capital Contributions are entirely expended and thereafter 100% to the General Partner. Except with respect to those excess allocations, under the Partnership Agreement, the basis in oil and gas properties will be allocated in proportion to each Partner’s respective share of the costs which entered into the Partnership’s adjusted basis for each depletable property. Such allocations of basis appear reasonable and in compliance with the Treasury Regulations under Section 704. Nevertheless, the Service may contend that the allocation to the Limited Partners of a percentage of Partnership IDC in excess of the Limited Partners’ Percentage or the allocation to the General Partner of other tax items in excess of the General Partner’s Percentage is invalid and may reallocate such excess IDC or other items to the other Partners. Any such reallocation could increase a Limited Partner’s tax liability. However, no assurance can be given, and we are unable to express an opinion, as to whether any special allocation of an item which is dependent upon basis in an oil and gas property will be recognized by the Service.

Nonrecourse Deductions. As noted above, an allocation of loss or deduction attributable to nonrecourse liabilities of a partnership cannot have economic effect because only the creditor bears the economic burden that corresponds to such an allocation. Nevertheless the Temporary Regulations provide a test under which certain allocations of nonrecourse deductions will be deemed to be in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership.

Nonrecourse deduction allocations will be deemed to be made in accordance with partners partnership interests if, and only if, four requirements are satisfied. First, the partners’ capital accounts must be maintained properly and the distribution of liquidation proceeds must be in accordance with the partners’ capital account balances. Second, beginning in the first taxable year in which there are nonrecourse deductions, and thereafter throughout the full term of the partnership, the partnership agreement must provide for allocation of nonrecourse deductions


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among the partners in a manner that is reasonably consistent with allocations which have substantial economic effect of some other significant partnership item attributable to the property securing nonrecourse liabilities of the partnership. Third, beginning in the first taxable year of the partnership in which the partnership has nonrecourse deductions or makes a distribution of proceeds of a nonrecourse liability that are allocable to an increase in minimum gain, and thereafter throughout the full term of the partnership, the partnership agreement must contain a “minimum gain chargeback.” A partnership agreement contains a “minimum gain chargeback” if, and only if, it provides that, subject to certain exceptions, in the event there is a net decrease in partnership minimum gain during a partnership taxable year, the partners must be allocated items of partnership income and gain for that year equal to each partner’s share of the net decrease in partnership minimum gain during such year. A partner’s share of the net decrease in partnership minimum gain is the amount of the total net decrease multiplied by the partner’s percentage share of the partnership’s minimum gain at the end of the immediately preceding taxable year. A partner’s share of any decrease in partnership minimum gain resulting from a revaluation of partnership property (which would not cause a minimum gain chargeback) equals the increase in the partner’s capital account attributable to the revaluation to the extent the reduction in minimum gain is caused by such revaluation. Similar rules apply with regard to partner nonrecourse liabilities and associated deductions. The fourth requirement of the nonrecourse allocation test provides that all other material allocations and capital account adjustments under the partnership agreement must be recognized under the general allocation requirements of the regulations under IRC Section 704(b).

Under the Treasury Regulations, partners generally share nonrecourse liabilities in accordance with their interests in partnership profits. However, the Treasury Regulations generally require that nonrecourse liabilities be allocated among the partners first to reflect the partners’ share of minimum gain and Code Section 704(c) minimum gain. Any remaining nonrecourse liabilities are generally to be allocated in proportion to the partners’ interests in partnership profits.

The Partnership Agreement contains a minimum gain chargeback. Further, the Partnership Agreement provides for the allocation of nonrecourse liabilities and deductions attributable thereto among the Partners first, in accordance with their respective shares of partnership minimum gain (within the meaning of Reg. Section 1.704-2(b)(2)); second, to the extent of each such Partner’s gain under Code Section 704(c) if the Partnership were to dispose of (in a taxable transaction) all Partnership property subject to one or more nonrecourse liabilities of the Partnership in full satisfaction of such liabilities and for no other consideration; and third, in accordance with the Partners’ proportionate shares in the Partnership’s profits. Reg. Section 1.752-3. For this purpose, the Partnership Agreement provides for the allocation of excess nonrecourse deductions in the Limited Partners’ Percentage to the Limited Partners and in the General Partner’s Percentage to the General Partner.

Retroactive Allocations. To prevent retroactive allocations of partnership tax attributes to partners entering into a partnership late in the tax year, Code Section 706(d) provides that a partner’s distributive share of such attributes is to be determined by the use of methods


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prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury which take into account the varying interests of the partners during the taxable year. The Partnership Agreement provides that each Partner’s allocation of tax items other than “allocable cash basis items” is to be determined under a method permitted by Code Section 706(d) and the regulations thereunder.

TAX AUDITS

Subchapter C of Chapter 63 of the Code provides that administrative proceedings for the assessment and collection of tax deficiencies attributable to a partnership must be conducted at the partnership, rather than the partner, level. Partners will be required to treat Partnership items of income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit in a manner consistent with the treatment of each such item on the Partnership’s returns unless such Partner files a statement with the Service identifying the inconsistency. If the Partnership is audited, the tax treatment of each item will be determined at the Partnership level in a unified partnership proceeding. Conforming adjustments to the Partners’ own returns will then occur unless such partner can establish a basis for inconsistent treatment (subject to waiver by the Service).

The General Partner will be designated the “tax matters partner” (“TMP”) for the Partnership and will receive notice of the commencement of a Partnership proceeding and notice of any administrative adjustments of Partnership items. The TMP is entitled to invoke judicial review of administrative determinations and to extend the period of limitations for assessment of adjustments attributable to Partnership items. Each Partner will receive notice of the administrative proceedings from the TMP and will have the right to participate in the administrative proceeding pursuant to tax requirements of Reg. Section 301.6223(g) unless the Partner waives such rights.

The Code provides that, subject to waiver, partners will receive notice of the administrative proceedings from the Service and will have the right to participate in the administrative proceedings. However, the Code also provides that if a partnership has 100 or more partners, the partners with less than a 1% profits interest will not be entitled to receive notice from the Service or participate in the proceedings unless they are members of a “notice group” (a group of partners having in the aggregate a 5% or more profits interest in the partnership that requires the Service to send notice to the group and that designates one of their members to receive notice). Any settlement agreement entered into between the Service and one or more of the partners will be binding on such partners but will not be binding on the other partners, except that settlement by the TMP may be binding on certain partners, as described below. The Service must, on request, offer consistent settlement terms to the partners who had not entered into the earlier settlement agreement. If a partnership has more than 100 partners, the TMP is empowered under the Code to enter into binding settlement agreements on behalf of the partners with a less than 1% profits interest unless the partner is a member of a notice group or notifies the Service that the TMP does not have the authority to bind the partner in such a settlement.


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The costs incurred by a Partner in responding to an administrative proceeding will be borne solely by such Partner.

PENALTIES

Under IRC Section 6662, a taxpayer will be assessed a penalty equal to twenty percent (20%) of the portion of an underpayment of tax attributable to negligence, disregard of a rule or regulation or a substantial understatement of tax. “Negligence” includes any failure to make a reasonable attempt to comply with the tax laws. IRC Section 6662(c). The regulations further provide that a position with respect to an item is attributable to negligence if it lacks a reasonable basis. Reg. Section 1.6662-3(b)(1). Negligence is strongly indicated where, for example, a partner fails to comply with the requirements of IRC Section 6662, which requires that a partner treat partnership items on its return in a manner that is consistent with the treatment of such items on the partnership return. Reg. Section 1.6662-3(b)(1)(iii). The term “disregard” includes any careless, reckless or intentional disregard of rules or regulations. Reg. Section 1.6662-3(b)(2). A taxpayer who takes a position contrary to a revenue ruling or a notice will be subject to a penalty for intentional disregard if the contrary position fails to possess a realistic possibility of being sustained on its merits. Reg. Section 1.6562-3(b)(2). An “understatement” is defined as the excess of the amount of tax required to be shown on the return of the taxable year over the amount of the tax imposed that is actually shown on the return, reduced by any rebate. IRC Section 6662(d)(2)(A). An understatement is “substantial” if it exceeds the greater of ten percent (10%) of the tax required to be shown on the return for the taxable year or $5,000 ($10,000 in the case of certain corporations). IRC Section 6662(d)(1)(A) and (B).

Generally, the amount of an understatement is reduced by the portion thereof attributable to (i) the tax treatment of any item by the taxpayer if there is or was substantial authority for such treatment, or (ii) any item if the relevant facts affecting the item’s tax treatment are adequately disclosed in the return or in a statement attached to the return, and there is a reasonable basis for the tax treatment of such item by the taxpayer. IRC Section 6662(d). Disclosure will generally be adequate if made on a properly completed Form 8275 (Disclosure Statement) or Form 8275R (Regulation Disclosure Statement). Reg. Section 1.6662-4(f). However, in the case of “tax shelters,” there will be a reduction of the understatement only to the extent it is attributable to the treatment of an item by the taxpayer with respect to which there is or was substantial authority for such treatment and only if the taxpayer reasonably believed that the treatment of such item by the taxpayer was more likely than not the proper treatment. The term “tax shelter” is defined for purposes of Code Section 6662 as a partnership or other entity, any investment plan or arrangement, or any other plan or arrangement, the principal purpose of which is the avoidance or evasion of federal income tax. IRC Section 6662(d)(2)(C)(ii). A tax shelter item includes an item of income, gain, loss, deduction, or credit that is directly or indirectly attributable to a partnership that is formed for the principal purpose of avoiding or evading federal income tax. The existence of substantial authority is determined as of the time the taxpayer’s return is filed or on the last day of the taxable year to which the return relates and not when the investment is made. Reg. Section 1.6662-4(d)(3)(iv)(C). Substantial authority exists if the weight of


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authorities supporting a position is substantial compared with the weight of authorities supporting contrary treatment. Reg. Section 1.6662-4(d)(3)(i). Relevant authorities include statutes, Regulations, court cases, revenue rulings and procedures, and Congressional intent. However, among other things, conclusions reached in legal opinions are not considered authority. Reg. Section 1.6662-4(d)(3)(iii). The Secretary may waive all or a portion of the penalty imposed under Code Section 6662 upon a showing by the taxpayer that there was reasonable cause for the understatement and that the taxpayer acted in good faith. IRC Section 6664(d).

Although not anticipated by the General Partner, there may not be substantial authority for one or more reporting positions that the Partnership may take in its federal income tax returns. In such event, if the Partnership does not disclose or if it fails to adequately disclose any such position, or if such disclosure is deemed adequate but it is determined that there was no reasonable basis for the tax treatment of such a partnership item, the penalty will be imposed with respect to any substantial understatement determined to have been made, unless the provisions of the Treasury Regulations pertaining to waiver of the penalty become final and the Partnership is able to show reasonable cause and good faith in making the understatement as specified in such provisions. If the Partnership makes a disclosure for the purposes of avoiding the penalty, the disclosure is likely to result in an audit of such return and a challenge by the Service of such position taken.

If it were determined that a Partner had underpaid tax for any taxable year, such Partner would have to pay the amount of underpayment plus interest on the underpayment from the date the tax was originally due. The interest rate on underpayments is determined by the Service based upon the federal short term rate of interest (as defined in Code Section 1274(d)) plus 3%, or 5% for large corporate underpayments, and is compounded daily. The rate of interest is adjusted monthly. In addition, Temporary Regulations provide that tax motivated transactions include, among other items, certain overstatements of the value of property on a return, losses disallowed by reason of the at-risk limitation any use of an accounting method that may result in a substantial distortion of income for any period, and any deduction disallowed for an activity not entered into for profit. The determination of those transactions to be considered “tax-motivated transactions” is to be made by taking into account the ratio of tax benefits to cash invested, the method of promoting the transaction, and other relevant transactions. Thus, in the event an audit of the Partnership’s or of a Partner’s tax return results in a substantial underpayment of tax by such Partner due to an investment in the Units, such Partner may be required to pay interest on such underpayment determined at the higher interest rate.

A partnership, for federal income tax purposes, is required to file an annual informational tax return. The failure to properly file such a return in a timely fashion, or the failure to show on such return all information under the Code to be shown on such return, unless such failure is due to reasonable cause, subjects the partnership to civil penalties under the Code in an amount equal to $50 per month multiplied by the number of partners in the partnership, up to a maximum of $250 per partner per year. In addition, upon any willful failure to file a partnership information return, a fine or other criminal penalty may be imposed on the party responsible for filing the return.


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As noted above under the heading “IMPORTANT LIMITATIONS ON TAX ASPECTS — LIMITED SCOPE OPINION DISCLAIMER,” the Letter was not intended or written to be used, and cannot be used, for the purpose of avoiding penalties that may be imposed by the Service with respect to any federal tax issues not addressed therein.

ACCOUNTING METHODS AND PERIODS

The Partnership will use the accrual method of accounting and will select the calendar year as its taxable year.

As discussed above, a taxpayer using the accrual method of accounting will recognize income when all events have occurred which fix the right to receive such income and the amount thereof can be determined with reasonable accuracy. Deductions will be recognized when all events which establish liability have occurred and the amount thereof can be determined with reasonable accuracy. However, all events which establish liability are not treated as having occurred prior to the time that economic performance occurs. Code Section 461(h).

All partnerships are required to conform their tax years to those of their owners; i.e., unless the partnership establishes a business purpose for a different tax year, the tax year of a partnership must be (i) the taxable year of one or more of its partners who have an aggregate interest in partnership profits and capital of greater than 50%, (ii) if there is no taxable year so described, the taxable year of all partners having interests of 5% or more in partnership profits or capital, or (iii) if there is no taxable year described in (i) or (ii), the calendar year. Code Section 706. Until the taxable years of the Partners can be identified, no assurance can be given that the Service will permit the Partnership to adopt a calendar year.

STATE AND LOCAL TAXES

The opinions expressed herein are limited to issues of federal income tax law and do not address issues of state or local law. Investors are urged to consult their tax advisors regarding the impact of state and local laws on an investment in the Partnership.

PROPOSED LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS

There can be no assurances that subsequent changes in the tax laws (through new legislation, court decisions, Service pronouncements, Treasury regulations, or otherwise) will or will not occur that may have an impact, adverse or positive, on the tax effect and consequences of this Transaction, as described above.

We express no opinion as to any federal income tax issue or other matter except those set forth or confirmed above.


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We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as Exhibit B to the Memorandum and to all references to our firm in the Memorandum.

 

Sincerely,
Conner & Winters, LLP

Exhibit 21

SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

All the companies listed below are included in the company’s consolidated financial statements. Except as otherwise indicated below, the Company has 100% direct or indirect ownership of, and ultimate voting control in, each of these companies. The list is as of December 31, 2007 and excludes subsidiaries which are primarily inactive or taken singly, or as a group, do not constitute significant subsidiaries:

 

                Subsidiary                

               State or Province of Incorporation                                Percentage Owned                

Unit Drilling Company

   Oklahoma    100%

Unit Petroleum Company

   Oklahoma    100%

Superior Pipeline Company, L.L.C.

   Oklahoma    100%

Unit Texas Drilling Company LLC

   Oklahoma    100% (indirectly)

Leonard Hudson Drilling Company

   Texas    100% (indirectly)

EXHIBIT 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (File No.’s 333-104165 and 333-83551) and Form S-8 (File No.’s 33-19652, 33-44103, 33-49724, 33-64323, 33-53542, 333-38166, 333-39584, 333-135194 and 333-137857) of Unit Corporation of our report dated February 28, 2008 relating to the financial statements, financial statement schedule, and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, which appears in this Form 10-K.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP

Tulsa, Oklahoma

February 28, 2008

Exhibit 23.2

CONSENT OF RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.

We hereby consent to incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-3 (File Nos. 333-83551 and 333-104165) and Form S-8 (File Nos. 33-19652, 33-44103, 33-49724, 33-64323, 33-53542, 333-38166, 333-39584, 333-135194 and 333-137857) of Unit Corporation of the reference to our report for Unit Corporation, which appears in the December 31, 2007 annual report on Form 10-K of Unit Corporation.

/s/ Ryder Scott Company, L.P.

RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.

Houston, Texas

February 28, 2008

Exhibit 31.1

302 CERTIFICATIONS

I, Larry D. Pinkston, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on form 10-K of Unit Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes is accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 28, 2008

 

/ S /    L ARRY D. P INKSTON        

Larry D. Pinkston

Chief Executive Officer and Director

Exhibit 31.2

302 CERTIFICATIONS

I, David T. Merrill, certify that:

1. I have reviewed this annual report on form 10-K of Unit Corporation;

2. Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;

3. Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;

4. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:

(a) Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;

(b) Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes is accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;

(c) Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and

(d) Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5. The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.

Date: February 28, 2008

 

/ S /    D AVID T. M ERRILL        

David T. Merrill

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Exhibit 32

CERTIFICATION

PURSUANT TO SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 (SUBSECTIONS (A) AND

(B) OF SECTION 1350, CHAPTER 63 OF TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE)

Pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code), each of the undersigned officers of Unit Corporation a Delaware corporation (the “Company”), does hereby certify, to such officer’s knowledge, that:

The Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2007 (the “Form 10-K”) of the Company fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and information contained in the Form 10-K fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 and for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005.

Dated: February 28, 2008

 

By:   / S /    L ARRY D. P INKSTON        
 

Larry D. Pinkston

Chief Executive Officer

Dated: February 28, 2008

 

By:   / S /    D AVID T. M ERRILL        
 

David T. Merrill

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

The foregoing certification is being furnished solely pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (subsections (a) and (b) of section 1350, chapter 63 of title 18, United States Code) and is not being filed as part of the Form 10-K or as a separate disclosure document.

A signed original of this written statement required by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 has been provided to Unit Corporation and will be retained by Unit Corporation and furnished to the Securities and Exchange Commission or its staff on request.