UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM 8-K

 

 

CURRENT REPORT

Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

October 30, 2008

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported)

 

 

GlobalSCAPE, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

 

 

Delaware   001-33601   74-2785449

(State or other jurisdiction

of incorporation)

  (Commission File Number)  

(IRS Employer

Identification No.)

4500 Lockhill Selma Road, Suite 150

San Antonio, Texas 78249

(210) 308-8267

(Address of principal executive offices and Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

 

 

Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions (see General Instruction A.2. below):

 

¨ Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)

 

¨ Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)

 

¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))

 

¨ Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))

 

 

 


 

Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year

 

(a) Amendment and Restatement of Bylaws

On October 30, 2008, the Board of Directors of GlobalSCAPE, Inc. (the “Company”) amended and restated the advance notice provisions of the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws (“Bylaws”). The following is a summary of the changes effected by the amendments to the Bylaws (unless otherwise noted below such changes are reflected in Article II, Section 5 of the Bylaws, as amended and restated):

 

   

adding a provision specifying that advance notice of a matter sought to be brought by a stockholder before an annual meeting of stockholders must be brought by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record on the date the notice is delivered to the Secretary of the Company, who is entitled to vote at the annual meeting on such matter, and who complies with the procedures of the advance notice bylaw provision;

 

   

adding a provision specifying that written notice of any nomination of directors or other proposal by a stockholder (“Stockholder Notice”) must be timely;

 

   

adding a provision specifying that a Stockholder Notice must contain the following information:

 

   

whether the stockholder is providing the notice at the request of a beneficial owner of shares;

 

   

a description of all equity securities of the Company beneficially owned by the stockholder and any beneficial owner;

 

   

any proxy or other arrangement relating to voting of shares;

 

   

whether and the extent to which any hedging, derivative or other transaction is in place or has been entered into by or for the benefit of such stockholder or beneficial owner with respect to the Company, which allows the stockholder or beneficial owner to profit or share in the profit from an increase or decrease in the value of the shares of the Company;

 

   

any other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with the solicitation of proxies in a contested election under Section 14 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”);

 

   

if the notice relates to business other than a nomination, set forth a brief description of the business to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for it and any material interest of such stockholder or beneficial owner in it and any agreements with any other persons with respect to the proposal of such business;

 

   

adding a provision specifying that any Stockholder Notice relating to the nomination of directors must also contain (i) the information regarding each nominee required by the Exchange Act and (ii) information as to compensation and other material arrangements between such stockholder or beneficial owner and their affiliates, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee and their affiliates, on the other.

 

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adding a provision specifying that any proposed nominee provide the Company with a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such person and a written representation and agreement that such person is not and will not become a party to any agreement as to (1) how such a person will vote on a particular matter upon becoming a director (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Company or any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply with his or her fiduciary duties, (2) is not a party to any agreement with respect to any compensation with any party other than the Company that has not been disclosed and (3) would be in compliance, if elected, and will comply with all applicable Company policies. The Company may also require such person to furnish such other information as the Company may reasonably require to determine whether the nominee would be considered “independent” as a director under the various rules and standards applicable to the Company.

The foregoing summary of the amendments to the Bylaws is qualified in its entirety by reference to, and should be read in conjunction with, the complete text of the Company’s Amended and Restated Bylaws, as amended and restated effective October 30 2008, filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and incorporated by reference into this Item 5.03.

 

Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits

 

(d) Exhibits

 

  3.2 Amended and Restated Bylaws, effective October 30, 2008

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

GLOBALSCAPE, INC.
By:   /s/ Mendy Marsh        
 

Mendy Marsh, Vice President and Chief

Financial Officer

Dated: November 5, 2008

 

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Exhibit 3.2

AMENDED AND RESTATED

BYLAWS

OF

GLOBALSCAPE, INC.

(Effective as of October 30, 2008)

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page
ARTICLE I
OFFICES

Section 1.

   Registered Office    1

Section 2.

   Other Offices    1
ARTICLE II
STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1.

   Place of Meetings    1

Section 2.

   Annual Meetings    1

Section 3.

   Special Meetings    1

Section 4.

   Notice    2

Section 5.

   Nominations and Stockholder Business    2

Section 6.

   List of Stockholders    6

Section 7.

   Quorum    6

Section 8.

   Inspectors of Elections    6

Section 9.

   Conduct of Business    7

Section 10.

   Voting    7

Section 11.

   Action Without Meeting    8

Section 12.

   Proxies    8

Section 13.

   Record Date    8
ARTICLE III
BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Section 1.

   Management    9

Section 2.

   Number, Election and Terms of Directors    9

Section 3.

   Place of Meetings    10

Section 4.

   Telephone and Similar Meetings    10

Section 5.

   Regular Meetings    10

Section 6.

   Special Meetings    10

Section 7.

   Quorum    10

Section 8.

   Interested Directors    10

Section 9.

   Committees    11

Section 10.

   Action by Consent    11

Section 11.

   Compensation of Directors    11
ARTICLE IV
NOTICE

Section 1.

   Form of Notice    11

Section 2.

   Waiver    12

 

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ARTICLE V
OFFICERS AND AGENTS

Section 1.

   In General    12

Section 2.

   Other Officers and Agents    12

Section 3.

   Compensation    13

Section 4.

   Term of Office and Removal    13

Section 5.

   Employment and Other Contracts    13

Section 6.

   Chairman of the Board of Directors    13

Section 7.

   President    13

Section 8.

   Vice Presidents    13

Section 9.

   Secretary    13

Section 10.

   Assistant Secretaries    14

Section 11.

   Treasurer    14

Section 12.

   Assistant Treasurers    14

Section 13.

   Bonding    14
ARTICLE VI
STOCK CERTIFICATES; UNCERTIFICATED SHARES

Section 1.

   Shares    14

Section 2.

   Lost Certificates    15

Section 3.

   Transfer of Shares    15

Section 4.

   Registered Stockholders    15
ARTICLE VII
INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1.

   Right to Indemnification    15

Section 2.

   Right to Advancement of Expenses    16

Section 3.

   Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit    16

Section 4.

   Non-Exclusivity of Rights    17

Section 5.

   Insurance    17

Section 6.

   Amendment of Rights    17

Section 7.

   Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation    17
ARTICLE VIII
GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1.

   Dividends    17

Section 2.

   Reserves    18

Section 3.

   Books and Records    18

Section 4.

   Fiscal Year    18

Section 5.

   Seal    18

Section 6.

   Advances of Expenses    18

Section 7.

   Resignation    18

Section 8.

   Amendment of Bylaws    18

Section 9.

   Invalid Provisions    19

 

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Section 10.

   Relation to the Certificate of Incorporation    19

Section 11.

   The Term “public announcement”    19

Section 12.

   The Term “electronic transmission”    19

 

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AMENDED AND RESTATED

BYLAWS

OF

GLOBALSCAPE, INC.

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

Section 1. Registered Office . The registered office and registered agent of GlobalSCAPE, Inc. (the “Corporation”) will be as from time to time set forth in the Corporation’s Certificate of Incorporation (as amended from time to time, the “Certificate of Incorporation”) or in any certificate filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, and the appropriate county Recorder or Recorders, as the case may be, to amend such information.

Section 2. Other Offices . The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1. Place of Meetings .

(a) All meetings of the stockholders will be held at such place, within or without the State of Delaware, as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors, or, if no place is designated, at the principal executive office of the Corporation.

(b) If authorized by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, and subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt and the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law, stockholders and proxy holders not physically present at a meeting of stockholders may, by means of remote communication participate in a meeting of stockholders and be deemed present in person and vote at a meeting of stockholders whether such meeting is to be held at a designated place or solely by means of remote communication.

Section 2. Annual Meetings . An annual meeting of the stockholders will be held at such time as may be determined by the Board of Directors, at which meeting the stockholders will elect a Board of Directors, and transact such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.

Section 3. Special Meetings . Special meetings of the stockholders of the Corporation may be called only by the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution approved by a majority of the entire Board of Directors of the Corporation (as determined in accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation). Notwithstanding anything contained in the Certificate of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Corporation to the contrary, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend or repeal this Section 3 or adopt any provision inconsistent with any provision of this Section 3.

 

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Section 4. Notice . Notice stating the place, if any, day and hour of any meeting of the stockholders, the means of remote communications, if any, by which stockholders and proxy holders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such meeting, and, in case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, will be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. Any previously scheduled meeting of stockholders may be postponed, and any special meeting of the stockholders may be cancelled, by resolution of the Board of Directors upon public announcement given prior to the date of such meeting.

Section 5. Nominations and Stockholder Business .

(a) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the Corporation and the proposal of other business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at any annual meeting of stockholders (i) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (iii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in Article II, subsection 5(b), who is entitled to vote at the meeting, and who complies with the notice procedures of Article II, subsection 5(b) as to such business or nomination. Clause (iii) of the previous sentence shall be the exclusive means for a stockholder to make nominations or submit other business (other than matters properly brought under Rule 14a-8 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), and included in the Corporation’s notice of meeting) before an annual meeting of stockholders.

(b) Without qualification, for nominations or any other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to this Section 5, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation and such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for stockholder action. To be timely under this subsection 5(b), a stockholder’s notice shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 60th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is more than 30 days before or after such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made by the Corporation. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of an annual meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(c) Special Meetings of Stockholders . Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) provided that the Board of Directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such meeting, by any stockholder of the Corporation who (x) is a stockholder

 

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of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 5, (y) is entitled to vote at the meeting, and (z) complies with the notice procedures set forth in Section 5(b) as to such nomination. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more directors to the Board of Directors, any such stockholder may nominate a person or persons (as the case may be), for election to such position(s) as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice required by Section 5(b) of this Article II with respect to any nomination (including the completed and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement required by Section 5(g) below) shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not earlier than the close of business on the 90th day prior to the date of such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 60th day prior to the date of such special meeting or, if the first public announcement of the date of such special meeting is less than 70 days prior to the date of such special meeting, the 10th day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment or postponement of a special meeting commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(d) To be in proper form, a stockholder’s notice (whether given pursuant to Section 5(b) or Section 5(c) above) to the Secretary must:

(i) set forth, as to the stockholder giving the notice and the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made (1) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s books, and of such beneficial owner, if any, (2) (A) the class or series and number of shares of the Corporation which are, directly or indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (B) any option, warrant, convertible security, stock appreciation right, or similar right with an exercise or conversion privilege or a settlement payment or mechanism at a price related to any class or series of shares of the Corporation or with a value derived in whole or in part from the value of any class or series of shares of the Corporation, whether or not such instrument or right shall be subject to settlement in the underlying class or series of capital stock of the Corporation or otherwise (a “Derivative Instrument”) directly or indirectly owned beneficially by such stockholder and any other direct or indirect opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation, (C) any proxy, contract, arrangement, understanding, or relationship pursuant to which such stockholder has a right to vote any shares of any security of the Company, (D) any short interest in any security of the Company (for purposes of this Section 5, a person shall be deemed to have a short interest in a security if such person, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has the opportunity to profit or share in any profit derived from any decrease in the value of the subject security), (E) any rights to dividends on the shares of the Corporation owned beneficially by such stockholder that are separated or separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (F) any proportionate interest in shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments held, directly or indirectly, by a general or limited partnership in which such stockholder is a general partner or, directly or indirectly, beneficially owns an interest in a general partner and (G) any performance-related fees (other than an asset-based fee) that such stockholder is entitled to

 

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based on any increase or decrease in the value of shares of the Corporation or Derivative Instruments, if any, as of the date of such notice including, without limitation, any such interests held by members of such stockholder’s immediate family sharing the same household (which information shall be supplemented by such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, not later than 10 days after the record date for the meeting to disclose such ownership as of the record date), and (3) any other information relating to such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for, as applicable, the proposal and/or for the election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder;

(ii) if the notice relates to any business other than a nomination of a director or directors that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, set forth (a) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the meeting and any material interest of such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, in such business and (b) a description of all agreements, arrangements and understandings between such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder;

(iii) set forth, as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection to the Board of Directors (i) all information relating to such person that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors in a contested election pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (including such person’s written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee and to serving as a director if elected) and (ii) a description of all direct and indirect compensation and other material monetary agreements, arrangements and understandings during the past three years, and any other material relationships, between or among such stockholder and beneficial owner, if any, and their respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the one hand, and each proposed nominee, and his or her respective affiliates and associates, or others acting in concert therewith, on the other hand, including, without limitation all information that would be required to be disclosed pursuant to Rule 404 promulgated under Regulation S-K (or any successor rule) if the stockholder making the nomination and any beneficial owner on whose behalf the nomination is made, if any, or any affiliate or associate thereof or person acting in concert therewith, were the “registrant” for purposes of such rule and the nominee were a director or executive officer of such registrant; and

(iv) with respect to each nominee for election or reelection to the Board of Directors, include a completed, dated and signed questionnaire, representation and agreement and any other information required by Section (g) below.

(e) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of Section 5(b) of this Article II to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation is increased and there is no public announcement

 

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by the Corporation naming all of the nominees for director or specifying the size of the increased Board of Directors at least 70 days prior to the first anniversary of the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 5 shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

(f) General .

(i) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 5 shall be eligible to serve as directors and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section 5. Except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, the Chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Bylaw and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with this Bylaw, to declare that such defective proposal or nomination shall be disregarded.

(ii) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 5, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Bylaw; provided, however, that any reference in these Bylaws to the Exchange Act or the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder are not intended to and shall not limit the requirements applicable to nominations or proposals as to any other business to be considered pursuant to paragraph (a)(iii) or paragraph (c) of this Section 5. Nothing in this Section 5 shall be deemed to affect any rights (i) of stockholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act or (ii) of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock if and to the extent provided for under law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws.

(g) Submission of Questionnaire, Representation and Agreement; Other Information . To be eligible to be a nominee for election or reelection as a director of the Corporation, a person must deliver (in accordance with the time periods prescribed for delivery of notice under this Section 5) to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation a written questionnaire with respect to the background and qualification of such person and the background of any other person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Secretary upon written request) and a written representation and agreement (in the form provided by the Secretary upon written request) that such person (1) is not and will not become a party to (a) any agreement, arrangement or understanding with, and has not given any commitment or assurance to, any person or entity as to how such person, if elected as a director of the Corporation, will act or vote on any issue or question (a “Voting Commitment”) that has not been disclosed to the Corporation or (b) any Voting Commitment that could limit or interfere with such person’s ability to comply, if elected as a director of the Corporation, with such person’s fiduciary duties under applicable law, (2) is not and will not become a party to any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any

 

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person or entity other than the Corporation with respect to any direct or indirect compensation, reimbursement or indemnification in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed therein, and (3) in such person’s individual capacity and on behalf of any person or entity on whose behalf the nomination is being made, would be in compliance, if elected as a director of the Corporation, and will comply with all applicable publicly disclosed corporate governance, conflict of interest, confidentiality and stock ownership and trading policies and guidelines of the Corporation. The Corporation may also require any proposed nominee to furnish such other information as may reasonably be required by the Corporation to determine the eligibility of such proposed nominee to serve as an independent director of the Corporation or that could be material to a reasonable stockholder’s understanding of the independence, or lack thereof, of such nominee.

Section 6. List of Stockholders . At least ten days before each meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, with the address of and the number of voting shares registered in the name of each, will be prepared by the officer or agent having charge of the stock transfer books. Such list will be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting during ordinary business hours at the principal executive office of the Corporation. If the meeting is to be held at a place other than the principal executive office of the Corporation, such list will be produced and kept open at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and will be subject to the inspection of any stockholder who may be present. If the meeting is to be held solely by means of remote communication, then the list shall also be open to the examination of any stockholder during the whole time of the meeting on a reasonably accessible electronic network, and the information required to access such list shall be provided with the notice of the meeting.

Section 7. Quorum . At all meetings of the stockholders, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of a majority of the shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote generally in the election of directors will be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. If, however, such quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, will have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present or represented. If the adjournment is for more than 30 days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting will be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.

Section 8. Inspectors of Elections . The Board of Directors by resolution shall appoint one or more inspectors, which inspector or inspectors may include individuals who serve the Corporation in other capacities, including, without limitation, as officers, employees, agents or representatives of the Corporation, to act at the meeting and make a written report thereof. One or more persons may be designated as alternate inspectors to replace any inspector who fails to act. If no inspector or alternate has been appointed to act, or if all inspectors or alternates who have been appointed are unable to act, at a meeting of stockholders, the chairman of the

 

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meeting shall appoint one or more inspectors to act at the meeting. Each inspector, before discharging his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The inspectors shall have the duties prescribed by the Delaware General Corporation Law.

Section 9. Conduct of Business .

(a) The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President shall preside at a meeting of the stockholders. In the absence of each of the Chief Executive Officer and the President, the Secretary shall preside at a meeting of the stockholders. In the anticipated absence of all officers designated to preside over the meetings of stockholders, the Board of Directors may designate an individual to preside over a meeting of the stockholders.

(b) The chairman of the meeting shall fix and announce at the meeting the date and time of the opening and the closing of the polls for each matter upon which the stockholders will vote at a meeting. The chairman shall have power to adjourn the meeting to another place, if any, date and time.

(c) The Board of Directors may, to the extent not prohibited by law, adopt by resolution such rules and regulations for the conduct of the meeting of stockholders as it shall deem appropriate. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and regulations as adopted by the Board of Directors, the chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall have the right and authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board of Directors or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may to the extent not prohibited by law include, without limitation, the following: (i) the establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting; (ii) rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and the safety of those present; (iii) limitations on attendance at or participation in the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized and constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the meeting shall determine; (iv) restrictions on entry to the meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof and (v) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by participants. Unless, and to the extent, determined by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.

Section 10. Voting . When a quorum is present at any meeting of the Corporation’s stockholders, the vote of the holders of a majority of the shares present entitled to vote on, and voted for or against, any matter will decide any questions brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which, by express provision of law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision will govern and control the decision of such question. The stockholders present in person or by proxy at a duly organized meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough stockholders to leave less than a quorum.

 

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Section 11. Action Without Meeting . Any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Corporation must be effected at an annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation and may not be effected by any consent in writing by such stockholders. Notwithstanding anything contained in the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Corporation to the contrary, the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class, shall be required to amend or repeal this Section 11 or adopt any provision inconsistent with any provision of this Section 11.

Section 12. Proxies . At all meetings of stockholders, a stockholder may vote by proxy executed in writing by the stockholder or as may be permitted by law, or by his duly authorized attorney-in-fact. Such proxy must be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation or his representative, or otherwise delivered telephonically or electronically as set forth in the applicable proxy statement, at or before the time of the meeting.

Section 13. Record Date .

(a) The Board of Directors may fix in advance a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders, which record date will not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which record date will not be less than ten nor more than sixty days prior to such meeting. In the absence of any action by the Board of Directors, the close of business on the date preceding the day on which the notice is given will be the record date, or, if notice is waived, the close of business on the day preceding the day on which the meeting is held will be the record date. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.

(b) The Board of Directors may fix in advance a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, which record date will not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors, and which date shall not be more than ten days after the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting when no prior action is required by the Delaware General Corporation Law shall be the first date on which a signed written consent setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered to the Corporation by delivery to its registered office, its principal place of business or an officer or agent of the Corporation having custody of the minute book. Delivery made to the Corporation’s registered office shall be by hand or by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested. If no record date has been fixed by the Board of Directors and prior action by the Board of Directors is required by the Delaware General Corporation Law the record date for determining stockholders entitled to vote shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action.

 

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ARTICLE III

BOARD OF DIRECTORS

Section 1. Management . The business and affairs of the Corporation will be managed by or under the direction of its Board of Directors who may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these Bylaws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.

Section 2. Number, Election and Terms of Directors . The Board of Directors shall consist of not less than three (3) nor more than twelve (12) persons, who need not be residents of the State of Delaware or stockholders of the Corporation. The exact number of directors within the minimum and maximum limitations specified in the preceding sentence shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors pursuant to a resolution adopted by a majority of the entire Board of Directors. The directors shall be divided into three classes, as nearly equal in number as possible, with the term of office of the first class to expire at the 2007 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, the term of office of the second class to expire at the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders and the term of office of the third class to expire at the 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders. At each Annual Meeting of Stockholders following such initial classification and election, directors elected to succeed those directors whose terms expire shall be elected for a term of office to expire at the third succeeding Annual Meeting of Stockholders after their election.

(a) Newly Created Directorships . A directorship to be filled by reason of any increase in the number of directors may be filled (i) by election at an annual or special meeting of stockholders called for that purpose or (ii) by the Board of Directors for a term of office continuing only until the next election of one or more directors by the stockholders provided that the Board of Directors may not fill more than two such directorships during the period between any two successive annual meetings of stockholders.

(b) Vacancies in the Board of Directors . Any vacancies in the Board of Directors resulting from death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office or other cause shall be filled by a majority vote of the directors then in office, and directors so chosen shall hold office for a term expiring at the annual meeting of stockholders at which the term of the class to which they have been elected expires. No decrease in the number of directors constituting the Board of Directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.

(c) Removal of Directors . Any director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, voting together as a single class.

(d) Amendment, Repeal, etc . Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation (and notwithstanding the fact that a lesser percentage may be specified by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws of the Corporation), the affirmative vote of the holders of at least 75% of the voting power of the then outstanding shares of the Corporation, voting together as a single class, shall be required to alter amend, repeal or adopt any provision inconsistent with this Section 2.

 

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Section 3. Place of Meetings . Meetings of the Board of Directors, regular or special, may be held at such place within or without the State of Delaware as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors.

Section 4. Telephone and Similar Meetings . Directors and committee members may participate in and hold meetings by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other. Participation in such a meeting will constitute presence in person at the meeting, except where a person participates in the meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been lawfully called or convened.

Section 5. Regular Meetings . Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held without notice at such time and place as is from time to time determined by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 6. Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by the Chairman of the Board on oral or written notice to each Director, given either personally, by telephone, by electronic transmission, or by mail, delivered not less than twenty four (24) hours in advance of the meeting; special meetings will be called by the Chairman of the Board in like manner and on like notice on the written request of at least one-third (1/3) of the Directors then in office. The purpose or purposes of any special meeting will be specified in the notice relating thereto.

Section 7. Quorum . At all meetings of the Board of Directors the presence of a majority of the number of Directors fixed by these Bylaws will be necessary and sufficient to constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, and the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the Directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum will be the act of the Board of Directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the Directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present.

Section 8. Interested Directors . No contract or transaction between the Corporation and one or more of its Directors or officers, or between the Corporation and any other corporation, partnership, association or other organization in which one or more of the Corporation’s Directors or officers are directors or officers or have a financial interest, will be void or voidable solely for this reason, solely because the Director or officer is present at or participates in the meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof that authorizes the contract or transaction, or solely because his or her or their votes are counted for such purpose, if: (i) the material facts as to his or her relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the Board of Directors or the committee, and the Board of Directors or committee in good faith authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested Directors, even though the disinterested Directors be less than a quorum, (ii) the material facts as to his

 

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or her relationship or interest and as to the contract or transaction are disclosed or are known to the stockholders entitled to vote thereon, and the contract or transaction is specifically approved in good faith by vote of the stockholders or (iii) the contract or transaction is fair as to the Corporation as of the time it is authorized, approved or ratified by the Board of Directors, a committee thereof or the stockholders. Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or of a committee that authorizes the contract or transaction.

Section 9. Committees . The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board of Directors, designate committees, each committee to consist of one (1) or more directors of the Corporation, which committees will have such power and authority and will perform such functions as may be provided in such resolution. Such committee or committees will have such name or names as may be designated by the Board and will keep regular minutes of their proceedings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required. A majority of any committee may determine its action and fix the time and place of its meetings, unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide. Notice of such meetings shall be given to each member of the committee in the manner provided in Article III, Section 10 of these Bylaws. The Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to fill vacancies in, to change the membership of, or to dissolve any such committee. Nothing herein shall be deemed to prevent the Board of Directors from appointing one or more committees consisting in whole or in part of persons who are not directors of the Corporation; provided, however, that no such committee shall have or may exercise any authority of the Board of Directors.

Section 10. Action by Consent . Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or any committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without such a meeting if all the members of the Board of Directors or such committee, as the case may be consent thereto in writing or by electronic transmission and the writing or electronic transmission is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee. Such filing shall be in paper form if the minutes are maintained in paper form and shall be in electronic form if the minutes are maintained in electronic form.

Section 11. Compensation of Directors . Directors will receive such compensation for their services and reimbursement for their expenses as the Board of Directors, by resolution, may establish; provided that nothing herein contained will be construed to preclude any Director from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

ARTICLE IV

NOTICE

Section 1. Form of Notice . Whenever by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, notice is to be given to any Director or stockholder, and no provision is made as to how such notice will be given, such notice may be given as follows:

(i) in writing, by mail, postage prepaid, addressed to such Director or stockholder at such address as appears on the books of the Corporation. Any notice required or permitted to be given by mail will be deemed to be given at the time the same is deposited in the United States mails; or

 

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(ii) by a form of electronic transmission consented to by the stockholder or Director to whom the notice is given. Any such consent shall be revocable by the stockholder or Director by written notice to the Corporation. Any such consent shall be deemed revoked if (A) the Corporation is unable to deliver by electronic transmission 2 consecutive notices given by the Corporation in accordance with such consent and (B) such inability becomes known to the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or to the transfer agent or other person responsible for the giving of notice; provided, however, the inadvertent failure to treat such inability as a revocation shall not invalidate any meeting or other action. Any notice permitted to be given by electronic transmission will be deemed to be given: (A) if by facsimile telecommunication when directed to a number which the stockholder or director has consented to receive notice; (B) if by electronic mail, when directed to an electronic mail address at which the stockholder or director has consented to receive notice; (C) if by posting on an electronic network together with a separate notice to the stockholder of such specific posting, upon the later of (1) such posting and (2) the giving of such separate notice; (D) if by any other form of electronic transmission, when directed to the stockholder.

An affidavit of the Secretary of the Corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.

Section 2. Waiver . Whenever any notice is required to be given to any stockholder or Director of the Corporation as required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these Bylaws, a waiver thereof in writing signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated in such notice, will be equivalent to the giving of such notice. Attendance of a stockholder or Director at a meeting will constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where such stockholder or Director attends for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these Bylaws.

ARTICLE V

OFFICERS AND AGENTS

Section 1. In General . The officers of the Corporation will be elected by the Board of Directors and will be a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors may also elect a Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Vice Presidents and one or more Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

Section 2. Other Officers and Agents . The Board of Directors may also elect and appoint such other officers and agents as it deems necessary, who will be elected and appointed for such terms and will exercise such powers and perform such duties as may be determined from time to time by the Board.

 

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Section 3. Compensation . The compensation of all officers and agents of the Corporation will be fixed by the Board of Directors or any committee of the Board, if so authorized by the Board.

Section 4. Term of Office and Removal . Each officer of the Corporation will hold office until his or her death, his or her resignation or removal from office, or the election and qualification of his or her successor, whichever occurs first. Any officer or agent elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time, for or without cause, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, but such removal will not prejudice the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. If the office of any officer becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy may be filled by the Board of Directors.

Section 5. Employment and Other Contracts . The Board of Directors may authorize any officer or officers or agent or agents to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name or on behalf of the Corporation, and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. The Board of Directors may, when it believes the interest of the Corporation will best be served thereby, authorize executive employment contracts that will have terms no longer than ten years and contain such other terms and conditions as the Board of Directors deems appropriate. Nothing herein will limit the authority of the Board of Directors to authorize employment contracts for shorter terms.

Section 6. Chairman of the Board of Directors . If the Board of Directors has elected a Chairman of the Board, he will preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. Except where by law the signature of the President is required, the Chairman will have the same power as the President to sign all certificates, contracts and other instruments of the Corporation. During the absence or disability of the President, the Chairman will exercise the powers and perform the duties of the President.

Section 7. President . The President will be the chief executive officer of the Corporation and, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, will supervise and control all of the business and affairs of the Corporation. He or she will, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board, preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. The President will have all powers and perform all duties incident to the office of President and will have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.

Section 8. Vice Presidents . Each Vice President will have the usual and customary powers and perform the usual and customary duties incident to the office of Vice President, and will have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors or any committee thereof may from time to time prescribe or as the President may from time to time delegate to him or her. In the absence or disability of the President and the Chairman of the Board, a Vice President designated by the Board of Directors, or in the absence of such designation the Vice Presidents in the order of their seniority in office, will exercise the powers and perform the duties of the President.

Section 9. Secretary . The Secretary will attend all meetings of the stockholders and record all votes and the minutes of all proceedings in a book to be kept for that purpose. The Secretary will perform like duties for the Board of Directors and committees thereof when required. The Secretary will give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings

 

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of the Board of Directors. The Secretary will keep in safe custody the seal of the Corporation. The Secretary will be under the supervision of the President. The Secretary will have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe or as the President may from time to time delegate to him or her.

Section 10. Assistant Secretaries . The Assistant Secretaries in the order of their seniority in office, unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, will, in the absence or disability of the Secretary, exercise the powers and perform the duties of the Secretary. They will have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe or as the President may from time to time delegate to them.

Section 11. Treasurer . The Treasurer will have responsibility for the receipt and disbursement of all corporate funds and securities, will keep full and accurate accounts of such receipts and disbursements, and will deposit or cause to be deposited all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer will render to the Directors whenever they may require it an account of the operating results and financial condition of the Corporation, and will have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe or as the President may from time to time delegate to him or her.

Section 12. Assistant Treasurers . The Assistant Treasurers in the order of their seniority in office, unless otherwise determined by the Board of Directors, will, in the absence or disability of the Treasurer, exercise the powers and perform the duties of the Treasurer. They will have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe or as the President may from time to time delegate to them.

Section 13. Bonding . The Corporation may secure a bond to protect the Corporation from loss in the event of defalcation by any of the officers, which bond may be in such form and amount and with such surety as the Board of Directors may deem appropriate.

ARTICLE VI

STOCK CERTIFICATES; UNCERTIFICATED SHARES

Section 1. Shares . The shares of the capital stock of the Corporation shall be represented by certificates, in such form as may be determined by the Board of Directors, provided that the Board of Directors may provide by resolution that some or all of any or all classes or series of its capital stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the Corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the Board of Directors, every holder of capital stock represented by certificates and upon request every holder of uncertificated shares shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by the President or a Vice President and the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. Any or all signatures on the certificates may be facsimiles. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.

 

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Section 2. Lost Certificates . The Board of Directors may direct that a new certificate or uncertificated shares be issued in place of any certificate theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost or destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate to be lost or destroyed. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate or uncertificated shares, the Board of Directors, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, may require the owner of such lost or destroyed certificate, or his or her legal representative, to advertise the same in such manner as it may require and/or to give the Corporation a bond, in such form, in such sum, and with such surety or sureties as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged to have been lost or destroyed. When a certificate has been lost, apparently destroyed or wrongfully taken, and the holder of record fails to notify the Corporation within a reasonable time after such holder has notice of it, and the Corporation registers a transfer of the shares represented by the certificate before receiving such notification, the holder of record is precluded from making any claim against the Corporation for the transfer of a new certificate.

Section 3. Transfer of Shares . Stock of the Corporation shall be transferable in the manner prescribed by applicable law and in these Bylaws. Transfers of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation, and in the case of certificated shares of stock, only by the person named in the certificate or by such person’s attorney lawfully constituted in writing and upon the surrender of the certificate therefor, properly endorsed for transfer and payment of all necessary transfer taxes; or, in the case of uncertificated shares of stock, upon receipt of proper transfer instructions from the registered holder of the shares or by such person’s attorney lawfully constituted in writing, and upon payment of all necessary transfer taxes and compliance with appropriate procedures for transferring shares in uncertificated form; provided, however, that such surrender and endorsement, compliance or payment of taxes shall not be required in any case in which the officers of the Corporation shall determine to waive such requirement. With respect to certificated shares of stock, every certificate exchanged, returned or surrendered to the Corporation shall be marked “Cancelled,” with the date of cancellation, by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Corporation or the transfer agent thereof. No transfer of stock shall be valid as against the Corporation for any purpose until it shall have been entered in the stock records of the Corporation by an entry showing from and to whom transferred.

Section 4. Registered Stockholders . The Corporation will be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share or shares of stock as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, will not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it has express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law.

ARTICLE VII

INDEMNIFICATION

Section 1. Right to Indemnification . Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereinafter a “proceeding”), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or, while a director or officer of

 

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the Corporation, is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (hereinafter an “indemnitee”), where the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Delaware General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than permitted prior thereto), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorneys’ fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 3 hereof with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

Section 2. Right to Advancement of Expenses . The right to indemnification conferred in Section 1 shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any proceeding for which such right to indemnification is applicable in advance of its final disposition (hereinafter an “advancement of expenses”); provided, however, that, if the Delaware General Corporation Law requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking (hereinafter an “undertaking”), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter a “final adjudication”) that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this Section or otherwise.

Section 3. Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit . The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in Section 1 and Section 2, respectively, shall be contract rights. If a claim under Section 1 or Section 2 is not paid in full by the Corporation within sixty days after a written claim has been received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be twenty days, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim. If successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee shall be entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In (A) any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses) it shall be a defense that, and (B) in any suit by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that, the indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for indemnification set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including

 

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its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the Delaware General Corporation Law, nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its directors who are not parties to such action, a committee of such directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by the indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of proving that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such advancement of expenses, under this Section 3 or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.

Section 4. Non-Exclusivity of Rights . The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in this Article VI shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under the Certificate of Incorporation, these Amended and Restated Bylaws, or any statute, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.

Section 5. Insurance . The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the Delaware General Corporation Law.

Section 6. Amendment of Rights . Any amendment, alteration or repeal of this Article VI that adversely affects any right of an indemnitee or its successors shall be prospective only and shall not limit or eliminate any such right with respect to any proceeding involving any occurrence or alleged occurrence of any action or omission to act that took place prior to such amendment or repeal.

Section 7. Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation . The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the board of directors, grant rights to indemnification, and to the advancement of expenses, to any employee or agent of the Corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Section with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of directors and officers of the Corporation.

ARTICLE VIII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 1. Dividends . Dividends upon the outstanding shares of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, if any, may be declared by the Board of Directors at any regular or special meeting. Dividends may be declared and paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of the Delaware General Corporation Law and the Certificate of Incorporation. The Board of Directors may fix in advance a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders

 

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entitled to receive payment of any dividend, such record date will not precede the date upon which the resolution fixing the record date is adopted, and such record date will not be more than sixty days prior to the payment date of such dividend. In the absence of any action by the Board of Directors, the close of business on the date upon which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution declaring such dividend will be the record date.

Section 2. Reserves . There may be created by resolution of the Board of Directors out of the surplus of the Corporation such reserve or reserves as the Directors from time to time, in their discretion, deem proper to provide for contingencies, or to equalize dividends, or to repair or maintain any property of the Corporation, or for such other purpose as the Directors may deem beneficial to the Corporation, and the Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve in the manner in which it was created. Surplus of the Corporation to the extent so reserved will not be available for the payment of dividends or other distributions by the Corporation.

Section 3. Books and Records . The Corporation will keep correct and complete books and records of account and minutes of the proceedings of its stockholders and Board of Directors, and will keep at its registered office or principal executive office, or at the office of its transfer agent or registrar, a record of its stockholders, giving the names and addresses of all stockholders and the number and class of the shares held by each.

Section 4. Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the Corporation will be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.

Section 5. Seal . The Corporation may have a seal, and the seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. Any officer of the Corporation will have authority to affix the seal to any document requiring it.

Section 6. Advances of Expenses . Except as restricted by the Delaware General Corporation Law the Corporation will advance to its directors and officers, and may by resolution of its Board of Directors advance to other persons, expenses incurred by them for which indemnification is required as described in Article VII of these Bylaws or the Certificate of Incorporation of the Corporation, provided that the officer, director or other person undertakes in writing to repay all amounts advanced if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified under these Bylaws or the Certificate of Incorporation.

Section 7. Resignation . Any director, officer or agent may resign by giving notice in writing or by electronic transmission to the President or the Secretary. Such resignation will take effect at the time specified therein or immediately if no time is specified therein. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation will not be necessary to make it effective.

Section 8. Amendment of Bylaws . These Bylaws may be altered, amended, or repealed at any meeting of the Board of Directors at which a quorum is present, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Directors present at such meeting.

 

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Section 9. Invalid Provisions . If any part of these Bylaws is held invalid or inoperative for any reason, the remaining parts, so far as possible and reasonable, will be valid and operative.

Section 10. Relation to the Certificate of Incorporation . These Bylaws are subject to, and governed by, the Certificate of Incorporation.

Section 11. The Term “public announcement” . The term “public announcement” as used in these Bylaws shall mean disclosure either in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or a comparable national new service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.

Section 12. The Term “electronic transmission” . The term “electronic transmission” as used in these Bylaws means any form of communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that creates a record that may be retained, retrieved and reviewed by a recipient thereof, and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such a recipient through an automated process.

 

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