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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 17, 2009.

Registration Statement No. 333-            

 

 

 

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM F-1

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

Under

the Securities Act of 1933

 

 

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Charter)

 

 

 

Cayman Islands   7379   98-0549988

(State or Other Jurisdiction of

Incorporation or Organization)

 

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code Number)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

East Tower, Jing Yan Building

No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District

Beijing 100043

People’s Republic of China

(8610) 6272-7777

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of Registrant’s principal executive office)

 

 

CT Corporation System

111 Eighth Avenue

New York, New York 10011

(212) 664-1666

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

 

Timothy B. Bancroft, Esq.

Goulston & Storrs, P.C.

400 Atlantic Avenue

Boston, Massachusetts 02110

(617) 482-1776

 

James C. Lin, Esq.

Davis Polk & Wardwell

18 th Floor, The Hong Kong Club Building

3A Chater Road, Hong Kong

(852) 2533-3300

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:    As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box.   ¨

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If delivery of the prospectus is expect to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check the following box.   ¨

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

 

Title of each class of securities to be registered(1)    Proposed maximum aggregate
offering price(2)(3)
   Amount of
registration fee

Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share

   $ 138,000,000    $ 7,701

 

 

 

(1)   American depositary shares issuable upon deposit of the Class A ordinary shares registered hereby have been registered under a separate registration statement on Form F-6 filed with the Commission on            , 2009 (Registration No.                ). Each American depositary share represents two Class A ordinary shares.
(2)   Includes (i) Class A ordinary shares initially offered and sold outside the United States that may be resold from time to time in the United States either as part of their distribution or within 40 days after the later of the effective date of this registration statement and the date the shares are first bona fide offered to the public and (ii) Class A ordinary shares that may be purchased by the underwriters pursuant to an over-allotment option. These Class A ordinary shares are not being registered for the purposes of sales outside of the United States.
(3)   Estimated solely for the purpose of determining the amount of registration fee in accordance with Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act of 1933.

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to such Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Neither we nor the selling shareholder may sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

PROSPECTUS (SUBJECT TO COMPLETION)

DATED March 17, 2009

7,500,000

American Depositary Shares

LOGO

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

Representing 15,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares

 

 

This is the initial public offering of Changyou.com Limited, or Changyou. We are offering 3,750,000 American depositary shares, or ADSs, and the selling shareholder identified in this prospectus is offering 3,750,000 ADSs. Each ADS represents two Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share, of Changyou. We will not receive any proceeds from the ADSs sold by the selling shareholder.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the ADSs or our ordinary shares. We anticipate that the initial public offering price of the ADSs will be between $14.00 and $16.00 per ADS. We have applied to have the ADSs listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “CYOU.”

Investing in the ADSs involves risks. See “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 15 of this prospectus.

 

 

 

     Per ADS    Total

Public offering price

   $                 $             

Underwriting discounts and commissions

   $                 $             

Proceeds, before expenses, to Changyou

   $                 $             

Proceeds, before expenses, to the selling shareholder

   $                 $             

The underwriters may also purchase up to an additional 1,125,000 ADSs from the selling shareholder at the public offering price, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus to cover over-allotments.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities regulator has approved or disapproved these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The underwriters expect to deliver the ADSs against payment in U.S. dollars in New York, New York on or about                     , 2009.

 

 

 

Credit Suisse    Merrill Lynch & Co.

Citi

Susquehanna Financial Group, LLLP

 

 

The date of this prospectus is                     , 2009.


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Summary

   1

Risk Factors

   15

Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

   46

Use of Proceeds

   47

Dividend Policy

   48

Capitalization

   49

Dilution

   50

Exchange Rate Information

   52

Enforceability of Civil Liabilities

   53

Our History and Corporate Structure

   54

Our Relationship with Sohu

   58

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

   60

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

   63

Business

   89

Regulations

   107

Management

   114

Principal and Selling Shareholder

   120

Related Party Transactions

   122

Description of Share Capital

   124

Description of American Depositary Shares

   130

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

   137

Taxation

   139

Underwriting

   145

Expenses Relating to this Offering

   151

Legal Matters

   152

Experts

   152

Where You Can Find Additional Information

   152

Index to Consolidated Financial Statements

   F-1

 

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus. Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized any other person, including the selling shareholder, to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. Neither we nor the selling shareholder nor the underwriters are making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus. Our business, financial condition, results of operation and prospects may have changed since that date.

We have not taken any action to permit a public offering of the ADSs outside the United States or to permit the possession or distribution of this prospectus or any filed free writing prospectus outside the United States. Persons outside the United States who come into possession of this prospectus or any filed free writing prospectus must inform themselves about and observe any restrictions relating to the offering of the ADSs and the distribution of this prospectus or any filed free writing prospectus outside of the United States.

 

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SUMMARY

You should read the following summary together with the entire prospectus, including the more detailed information regarding us, the ADSs being sold in this offering, and our financial statements and related notes appearing elsewhere in this prospectus.

Overview

We are a leading online game developer and operator in China as measured by the popularity of our game Tian Long Ba Bu, or TLBB. TLBB, which was launched in May 2007, was ranked by International Data Corporation, or IDC, for 2007 as the third most popular online game overall in China and the second most popular online game in China among locally-developed online games. We engage in the development, operation and licensing of our massively multi-player online role-playing games, or MMORPGs, which are interactive online games that may be played simultaneously by hundreds of thousands of game players. We currently operate two MMORPGs, TLBB, which we developed in-house, and Blade Online, or BO, which we licensed from a third party. For the three months ended December 31, 2008, we had approximately 1.8 million active paying accounts, which refers to the number of accounts from which game points are utilized for the purchase of virtual items at least once during a given period, for TLBB and approximately 159,000 active paying accounts for BO.

TLBB is a martial arts game with 2.5D graphics. In May 2007, the month of its launch, TLBB’s peak concurrent users surpassed 400,000, and its quarterly peak concurrent users for the fourth quarter of 2008 was approximately 738,000. In March 2009, its peak concurrent users exceeded 800,000. TLBB is adapted from the popular Chinese martial arts novel “ Tian Long Ba Bu, ” which means “ Novel of Eight Demigods, ” written by the famous writer Louis Cha. Millions of copies of his novels have been sold in numerous languages, and they have been adapted into various movies and television series. To leverage the success of TLBB, we licensed the game to third-party operators to operate the game in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore.

We have three new MMORPGs in the pipeline, including the Duke of Mount Deer, or DMD, Immortal Faith, or IF, and the Legend of the Ancient World, or LAW. DMD, which we are developing in-house, is also based on a popular martial arts novel written by Louis Cha. We have licensed IF and LAW from third parties. We expect to begin open beta testing of IF and DMD in the second and fourth quarters of 2009, respectively, and of LAW in early 2010.

Sohu.com Inc., our controlling shareholder, has operated a leading Chinese Internet portal, Sohu.com, since 1998. Sohu had more than 250 million registered accounts as of December 31, 2008. We have benefited from Sohu’s strong brand recognition in China, large user base and pre-launch game review services. Sohu’s trusted brand name in China provides us with a broad marketing reach. By marketing across Sohu’s web domains and taking advantage of the Sohu Group’s single-user ID system that provides easy access to our games, we believe we have been able to tap into Sohu’s large user base to drive new users to our games. Sohu’s experienced game editors review and critique our games prior to launch, thereby improving the quality of our games. We intend to continue to leverage our relationships with Sohu in the development, marketing and operation of our games.

We operate our current games under the item-based revenue model, meaning game players can play our games for free, but may choose to pay for virtual items, which are non-physical items that game players can purchase and use within an MMORPG, such as gems, pets, fashion items, magic medicine, riding animals, hierograms, skill books and fireworks, to enhance the game-playing experience. Game players purchase prepaid game cards or game points, which are used to purchase virtual items. Most of our virtual items are priced between less than $0.01 and $2.20. However, unit prices of certain virtual items can be as high as approximately $180. We sell our prepaid game cards to approximately 100 regional distributors throughout China, who in turn sub-distribute them to numerous retail outlets, including Internet cafes and various websites, news stands, software stores, book stores and retail stores.

 

 

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We continually collect feedback from our game players through multiple channels. Our product development team and our game operations team work closely together, allowing us to translate game player feedback into game updates and expansion packs in a timely manner. We typically release expansion packs, which are software packages that contain significant upgrades and improvements to a game based on the existing game’s framework, every few months. These upgrades may include new game content such as storylines, characters, tasks, maps and virtual items. We also update TLBB on a weekly basis with interim enhancements. We believe that such expansion packs and regular updates improve the game-playing experience and help to maintain the interest level of TLBB’s players, thereby helping us to extend the lifespan of the game.

Our revenues grew from $42.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 to $201.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, and our net income grew from $5.3 million to $108.0 million during the same period. For the year ended December 31, 2008, 93.6% of our total revenues was attributable to TLBB.

Industry Background

According to the China Internet Network Information Center, or CNNIC, in June 2008 China surpassed the United States as the largest Internet market in the world. Within the Chinese Internet market, online games have been a fast growing segment and one of the most popular activities for Internet users.

According to IDC, China’s online game players reached 40.2 million in 2007, and generated revenues of $1.4 billion, representing a 61.5% increase over those in 2006. Online game revenues are expected to continue to grow to $3.4 billion in 2012 at a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of 19.9%. MMORPGs represent a dominant online game type in China, revenues from which accounted for 76.0% of China’s total online game revenues in 2007. Most of the revenues from online games are generated under the item-based revenue model as compared to the time-based revenue model.

In addition, China’s online games industry has other key characteristics, including:

 

  Ÿ  

growing popularity of online games developed by Chinese game developers;

 

  Ÿ  

slow pace of upgrading personal computer hardware;

 

  Ÿ  

increasingly competitive market dynamics; and

 

  Ÿ  

rampant cheating programs and hacking activities.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively and to capitalize on the rapid growth in the online game market:

 

  Ÿ  

leading market position in the China online game market;

 

  Ÿ  

strong capability to timely translate game player feedback into game enhancements to extend the lifespan of our games;

 

  Ÿ  

leading technology platform, which includes our uniform game development platform, advanced 2.5D graphics engine, effective anti-cheating and anti-hacking technologies, proprietary cross-networking technology and advanced data protection technology;

 

  Ÿ  

strong marketing and game development support from Sohu, our controlling shareholder and a leading Internet portal in China; and

 

  Ÿ  

experienced management team with local game development and operational expertise.

 

 

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Our Challenges

Notwithstanding our competitive strengths, we expect to face various challenges, including those presented by:

 

  Ÿ  

our limited operating history;

 

  Ÿ  

our reliance on TLBB, which has accounted for nearly all of our revenues to date;

 

  Ÿ  

our ability to develop successful games in the future and to create expansion packs to extend the lifespan of our current and future games;

 

  Ÿ  

our ability to attract and retain talent, particularly game developers and related technical personnel;

 

  Ÿ  

the growth of the online games market and continued market acceptance of our games and virtual items in China and elsewhere;

 

  Ÿ  

our ability to compete successfully;

 

  Ÿ  

our ability to protect our intellectual property rights;

 

  Ÿ  

uncertainties with respect to the PRC legal and regulatory environment;

 

  Ÿ  

the current severe worldwide economic downturn; and

 

  Ÿ  

restrictions under our Non-Competition Agreement with Sohu, which limit our ability to expand our online games business beyond MMORPGs in a manner that competes with Sohu’s business.

Our Strategies

Our objective is to establish one of the most powerful online game brands in China. We intend to achieve this objective by pursuing the following strategies:

 

  Ÿ  

leverage our success with TLBB and our game development platform to develop new MMORPGs;

 

  Ÿ  

continue to employ and improve our integrated game player feedback and game enhancement system;

 

  Ÿ  

expand and diversify our game offerings;

 

  Ÿ  

selectively expand into international markets;

 

  Ÿ  

focus on building human capital; and

 

  Ÿ  

pursue strategic acquisition and alliance opportunities.

Our History and Corporate Structure

Our MMORPG business began operations as a business unit within the Sohu Group in 2003. In June 2003, the Sohu Group launched its first MMORPG, Knight Online, or KO, which was licensed from a Korean developer. KO had limited acceptance in the Chinese market, and its operation was discontinued in November 2006 when the license expired. In October 2004, the Sohu Group launched BO, its second MMORPG, which was licensed from a Beijing-based studio. In May 2007, the Sohu Group launched TLBB, its first in-house developed MMORPG.

In 2007, the Sohu Group reorganized its MMORPG business. As part of the reorganization, Changyou.com Limited, or Changyou, a Cayman Islands company and an indirect, wholly-owned subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc., was established in August 2007 to hold the MMORPG business of the Sohu Group. Subsequently,

 

  Ÿ  

Changyou.com (HK) Limited, or Changyou HK, was incorporated in Hong Kong as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Changyou to be our offshore intermediate holding company for our MMORPG operations in China;

 

 

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  Ÿ  

Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd., or AmazGame, was incorporated in the PRC as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Changyou HK to undertake the technical support and product development functions of our MMORPG operations; and

 

  Ÿ  

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., or Gamease, was incorporated in the PRC as our variable interest entity, or VIE, to operate our MMORPG operations and to hold intellectual property and online game operating licenses and permits relating to our MMORPG operations.

Gamease is jointly owned by Tao Wang, our Chief Executive Officer, and a Changyou employee, but is controlled by AmazGame through a series of contractual arrangements, and therefore its financial results are consolidated with ours. We operate all of our MMORPG operations through Gamease, our VIE, rather than a subsidiary, in order to comply with PRC laws and regulations restricting foreign ownership in the online game business in China. See “Our History and Corporate Structure” for a detailed discussion of our contractual arrangements with Gamease.

After the establishment of the above entities, Changyou, AmazGame and Gamease entered into various agreements with Sohu. Pursuant to these agreements, Sohu transferred to us, effective December 1, 2007, all of its assets and operations relating to its MMORPG business unit, and we assumed all the liabilities associated with the MMORPG business unit and paid net consideration of $9.9 million to Sohu.

In January 2009, we incorporated AmazGame Entertainment (US), Inc., through which we intend to operate our planned MMORPG business in the United States.

The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus (1) :

LOGO

 

(1)   For risks relating to our current corporate structure, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Structure and Regulations.”

 

 

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Our Relationship with Sohu

We were a business unit within the Sohu Group prior to our reorganization as a separate, indirect subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc. The Sohu Group began reporting results of its MMORPG operations as a separate business segment for the three months ended June 30, 2007. References in this prospectus to the operations of our business, financial condition, and results of operations with respect to periods prior to December 1, 2007 are to the Sohu Group’s MMORPG business unit. Prior to this offering, Sohu had provided us with tax, accounting, treasury, legal and human resources services, and had also provided us with the services of a number of its executives and employees. All of our current executive officers and most of our current employees formerly were employees of Sohu.

Upon the completion of this offering, Sohu will continue to be our controlling shareholder, with an indirect shareholding of 70.7% of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares, and control of 81.5% of the voting power of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares, assuming the underwriters’ over-allotment option is not exercised.

We have entered into agreements with Sohu with respect to various interim and ongoing relationships between us, including a Master Transaction Agreement, a Non-Competition Agreement, and a Marketing Services Agreement. These agreements contain provisions, among others, relating to the transfer of assets and assumption of liabilities of the MMORPG business, provide cross-indemnification of liabilities arising from each other’s business, mutually limit Sohu and us from competing in each other’s business, and also include a number of ongoing commercial relationships. See “Our Relationship with Sohu.”

We believe that we will realize benefits from our carve-out from Sohu, including:

 

  Ÿ  

Sharper strategic focus .     By having our own board of directors and management team, we expect to be able to make more focused strategic decisions and be in a better position to take advantage of strategic opportunities in the online game business.

 

  Ÿ  

Better incentives for employees and greater accountability .     We will seek to motivate and retain our employees through the implementation of incentive compensation programs tied to the market performance of our ADSs and the financial results of our company.

 

  Ÿ  

Direct access to capital markets .     As a separate, stand-alone company, we will have capital planning flexibility with direct access to the debt and equity capital markets and the opportunity to grow through acquisitions by using our shares as consideration.

Our Corporate Information

Our principal executive offices are located at East Tower, Jing Yan Building, No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, People’s Republic of China. Our telephone number at this address is (8610) 6272-7777. Our registered office in the Cayman Islands is located at Scotia Centre, 4 th Floor, P.O. Box 2804, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, KY1-1112.

 

 

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Conventions that Apply to this Prospectus

Unless otherwise indicated, information in this prospectus assumes that the underwriters have not exercised their option to purchase additional ADSs to cover over-allotments and assumes that there has been no vesting of restricted share units granted to our executive officers and employees.

This prospectus contains translations of certain Renminbi, or RMB, the legal currency of China, amounts into U.S. dollars at the rate of RMB6.8225 to $1.00, the noon buying rate in effect on December 31, 2008, in New York City for cable transfers of Renminbi as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York. We make no representation that the Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts referred to in this prospectus could have been or can be converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate or at all. On March 13, 2009, the noon buying rate was RMB6.8380 to $1.00.

As used in this prospectus,

 

  Ÿ  

“Changyou” refers to Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands company, and unless the context requires otherwise, includes its subsidiaries and variable interest entity;

 

  Ÿ  

“China” or “PRC” refers to the People’s Republic of China, and for the purpose of this prospectus, excludes Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan;

 

  Ÿ  

“Sohu.com Inc.” refers to our ultimate parent and controlling shareholder, whose shares of common stock are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “SOHU”;

 

  Ÿ  

“Sohu” refers to Sohu.com Inc. and its subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities and, unless the context requires otherwise, excludes Changyou.com Limited and its subsidiaries and variable interest entity;

 

  Ÿ  

“Sohu Group” refers to Sohu.com Inc. and its subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities and, unless the context requires otherwise, includes Changyou.com Limited and its subsidiaries and variable interest entity; and

 

  Ÿ  

“we,” “us,” “our company” and “our” refer to Changyou.com Limited, and unless the context requires otherwise, include its subsidiaries and variable interest entity; when required by the context, references to “we,” “us,” “our company” and “our” include the MMORPG business unit of the Sohu Group for periods prior to December 1, 2007.

Unless indicated otherwise, the information included in this prospectus regarding our outstanding ordinary shares gives effect to the following as if they all had occurred as of January 1, 2005:

 

  (i)   the issuance on August 6, 2007 of 50,000 of our ordinary shares, par value $1.00 per share, constituting all of our authorized ordinary shares, to Sohu.com Limited, a subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc.;

 

  (ii)   the transfer on February 29, 2008 from Sohu.com Limited to Sohu.com (Game) Limited, an indirect subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc., of 50,000 of our ordinary shares;

 

  (iii)   the subdivision on May 29, 2008 of the 50,000 ordinary shares held by Sohu.com (Game) Limited into 5,000,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share;

 

  (iv)   the increase on May 29, 2008 of our authorized ordinary shares from 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share;

 

  (v)   the issuance on June 1, 2008 of an additional 3,500,000 of our ordinary shares to Sohu.com (Game) Limited;

 

 

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  (vi)   the transfer on December 31, 2008 by Sohu.com (Game) Limited to us of 8,500,000 of our ordinary shares; the cancellation of such 8,500,000 ordinary shares; the increase of our authorized ordinary shares from 10,000,000 to 109,774,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share, with the designation of 100,000,000 of such shares as Class A ordinary shares and 9,774,000 of such shares as Class B ordinary shares; and the issuance of 8,000,000 Class B ordinary shares to Sohu.com (Game) Limited;

 

  (vii)   the increase on March 16, 2009 of our authorized ordinary shares from 109,774,000 to 297,740,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share, with 200,000,000 of such shares designated as Class A ordinary shares and 97,740,000 of such shares designated as Class B ordinary shares; and

 

  (viii)   a ten-for-one split of outstanding Class B ordinary shares effected on March 16, 2009 by way of a bonus share issuance of nine Class B ordinary shares for each Class B ordinary share then outstanding, nine Class B restricted shares for each Class B restricted share then outstanding and a corresponding adjustment in the number of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of Class A and Class B restricted share units then outstanding.

The information included in this prospectus regarding our outstanding ordinary shares also includes as outstanding, as of their January 2, 2008 grant date, 7,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares (the amount of such shares giving effect to the ten-for-one split referred to above) that were issued, out of ordinary shares held by Sohu.com (Game) Limited, on January 15, 2009 to Prominence Investments Ltd., a British Virgin Islands company beneficially owned by Tao Wang, our Chief Executive Officer.

 
 

 

 

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The Offering

 

Offering price

We currently estimate that the initial public offering price will be between $14.00 and $16.00 per ADS.

ADSs offered:

 

    By us

3,750,000 ADSs

 

    By the selling shareholder

3,750,000 ADSs

 

The ADSs

Each ADS represents two Class A ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share. The ADSs will be evidenced by American Depositary Receipts, or ADRs. The depositary will hold the shares underlying your ADSs. You will have rights as provided in the Deposit Agreement described in the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of American Depositary Shares.” If we declare dividends on our ordinary shares, the depositary will pay you the cash dividends and other distributions it receives on our Class A ordinary shares, after deducting its fees and expenses. You may turn in your ADSs to the depositary in exchange for Class A ordinary shares. The depositary will charge you fees for any such exchange. We may amend or terminate the Deposit Agreement without your consent. If you continue to hold your ADSs, you will be bound by the Deposit Agreement as amended.

To understand the terms of the ADSs, you should carefully read the section of this prospectus entitled “Description of American Depositary Shares.” We also encourage you to read the Deposit Agreement, which is an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus.

 

ADSs outstanding immediately after the offering

7,500,000 ADSs

 

Ordinary shares

Holders of Class A ordinary shares and holders of Class B ordinary shares have the same rights, with the exception of voting and conversion rights. Each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote on all matters subject to a shareholder vote, and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to ten votes on all matters subject to a shareholder vote. Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time at the election of the holder. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. No Class B ordinary shares may be transferred by a holder to any person or entity which is not an affiliate of the holder.

 

Class A ordinary shares outstanding immediately after the offering (including Class A ordinary shares represented by ADSs)

15,000,000 Class A ordinary shares

 

 

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Class B ordinary shares outstanding immediately after the offering

87,500,000 Class B ordinary shares

 

Use of proceeds

The net proceeds to us from this offering are expected to be approximately $48.3 million, assuming an initial public offering price per ADS of $15.00, which is the mid-point of the estimated public offering price range.

The primary purposes of this offering are to create a public market for our shares for the benefit of all shareholders, retain talented employees by providing them with equity incentives and obtain additional capital. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures and funding possible future acquisitions.

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of ADSs by the selling shareholder.

 

Over-allotment option

Sohu.com (Game) Limited, the selling shareholder, has granted to the underwriters an option, which is exercisable within 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,125,000 additional ADSs.

 

Lock-up

We and all of our directors, executive officers and existing shareholders have agreed with the underwriters, subject to certain exceptions, not to sell, transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our ADSs or ordinary shares or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our ADSs or ordinary shares, other than the ADSs offered and sold in this offering, for a period of 180 days following the date of this prospectus. See “Underwriting” for additional information.

 

Risk factors

See “Risk Factors” and other information included in this prospectus for a discussion of factors you should carefully consider before deciding to invest in the ADSs.

 

Dividend

We intend to declare, prior to the completion of this offering, a cash dividend of $96.8 million payable solely to Sohu.com (Game) Limited. Purchasers of ADSs in this offering will not participate in the dividend.

 

Depositary

Bank of New York Mellon

 

NASDAQ symbol

“CYOU”

 

Listing

We have applied to have our ADSs listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “CYOU.” Our ADSs and shares will not be listed on any other stock exchange or traded on any other automated quotation system.

 

 

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Payment and settlement

The ADSs are expected to be delivered against payment on                     , 2009. They will be deposited with a custodian for, and registered in the name of a nominee of, The Depository Trust Company, or DTC, in New York, New York. Initially, beneficial interests in the ADSs will be shown on, and transfers of these beneficial interest will be effected through, records maintained by DTC and its direct and indirect participants.

 

 

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Summary Consolidated Financial and Operating Data

The following summary consolidated statements of operations and cash flow data for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 and the summary consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. You should read the summary consolidated financial data in conjunction with those financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.” Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP.

Prior to Sohu’s transfer to our PRC subsidiary and VIE of all of the assets and operations of the Sohu Group’s MMORPG business unit effective December 1, 2007, the operations of our MMORPGs were carried out by various companies owned or controlled by Sohu.com Inc. For periods both before and after December 1, 2007, our consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows that were directly attributable to our MMORPG business whether held or incurred by Sohu or by Changyou. In cases involving assets and liabilities not specifically identifiable to any particular operation of the Sohu Group, only those assets and liabilities transferred or expected to be transferred to Changyou are included in our consolidated balance sheets. With respect to costs of operations of the MMORPG business, an allocation of certain general corporate expenses of Sohu which were not directly related to the MMORPG operations and an allocation of certain advertising and other expenses provided by Sohu to Changyou were also included. These allocations are based on a variety of factors depending upon the nature of the expenses being allocated, including revenue, the number of employees and the number of servers. Our statements of operations also include the sales and marketing expenses and other costs charged from Sohu. The transactions are measured at the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the current corporate structure had been in existence throughout the periods presented.

Our management believes that the assumptions underlying our financial statements and the above allocations are reasonable. Our financial statements, however, may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows as if we had operated as a separate, stand-alone company during the periods presented. You should not view our historical results as an indicator of our future performance.

 

 

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Summary Consolidated Statements of Operations Data

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2006     2007     2008  
     ($ in thousands)  

Revenues:

      

Game operations revenues

   8,525     41,751     194,607  

Overseas licensing revenues

   —       345     7,238  
                  

Total revenues

   8,525     42,096     201,845  

Cost of revenues (1)

   3,895     7,317     14,633  
                  

Gross profit

   4,630     34,779     187,212  

Operating expenses:

      

Product development (1)

   1,957     6,738     23,862  

Sales and marketing (1)

   1,798     19,851     38,917  

General and administrative (1)

   876     2,992     9,053  
                  

Total operating expenses

   4,631     29,581     71,832  
                  

Operating (loss) profit

   (1 )   5,198     115,380  

Investment income from an associate

   151     9     —    

Gain on disposal of investment in an associate

   —       561     —    

Interest expense

   —       (61 )   (245 )

Interest income and foreign currency exchange gain

   20     44     1,235  

Other expense

   —       —       (278 )
                  

Income before income tax expense

   170     5,751     116,092  

Income tax expense

   161     452     8,106  
                  

Net income

   9     5,299     107,986  
                  

 

(1)   Share-based compensation expenses are included in the following financial statements line items:

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31,
     2006    2007    2008
     ($ in thousands)

Cost of revenues

   74    38    14

Product development

   263    170    4,919

Sales and marketing

   —      10    10

General and administrative

   52    225    404

 

 

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Summary Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

 

     As of
December 31,
    As of December 31, 2008
     2006    2007     Actual     Pro
Forma as

Adjusted (1) (2)
     ($ in thousands)

Cash and bank deposits

   1,547    15,419     134,439     183,641

Total current assets

   1,575    24,386     166,180     214,465

Total assets

   3,950    30,126     176,656     224,941

Receipts in advance and deferred revenue

   1,036    8,173     20,703     20,703

Dividend payable

   —      —       —       96,800

Total current liabilities

   1,948    39,868     71,962 (3)   168,762

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)

   2,002    (9,742 )   104,694     56,179

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   3,950    30,126     176,656     224,941

 

(1)   Our consolidated balance sheet data is presented on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to (i) our intended declaration prior to the completion of this offering of a cash dividend in the amount of $96.8 million payable to Sohu.com (Game) Limited and (ii) the issuance and sale of 3,750,000 ADSs, representing 7,500,000 Class A ordinary shares, by us in this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per ADS, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us and assuming no other change to the number of ADSs sold by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
(2)   The payment of the dividend referred to in footnote (1) above is subject to receipt of PRC government approvals for our indirect subsidiary in China to pay a dividend to us through our Hong Kong subsidiary, Changyou HK. Until the dividend is paid, the amount of the dividend we intend to declare will be reflected in our current liabilities. Upon our payment of the dividend to Sohu.com (Game) Limited and the PRC withholding tax described in footnote (3) below, the amount of our cash and bank deposits will be reduced by $101.8 million, and our total current liabilities will be reduced by the same amount.
(3)   Includes PRC withholding tax of $5.0 million in connection with the declaration by AmazGame of a dividend in the amount of $101.8 million to Changyou HK. Changyou HK intends to declare as a cash dividend the net amount of $96.8 million that it receives from AmazGame to us, which amount we intend to declare as a cash dividend to Sohu.com (Game) Limited as described in footnote (1) above.

Summary Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows Data

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2006     2007     2008  
     ($ in thousands)  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   1,648     35,512     133,916  

Net cash used in investing activities (1)

   (733 )   (3,115 )   (7,806 )

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   329     (18,426 )   (7,305 )

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

   (219 )   (99 )   215  
                  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

   1,025     13,872     119,020  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year

   522     1,547     15,419  
                  

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

   1,547     15,419     134,439  
                  

 

(1)   Consists mainly of capital expenditures and proceeds from the disposal of interests in an associate.

 

 

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Summary Operating Data

As used in the tables below and elsewhere in this prospectus:

The average concurrent users of any of our games for a given period is determined as follows: we first determine the number of users logged on to the game at ten-minute intervals and average that data over the course of a day to derive the daily average; the daily average data are then averaged over the period to derive the average concurrent users over the period.

Active paying accounts for a given period refers to the number of accounts from which game points are utilized at least once during the period.

Average revenue per active paying account of any of our games for a given period is our online game operations revenues for a game during the period divided by the active paying accounts of the game during the period.

Our calculation of average concurrent users, active paying accounts and average revenue per active paying account may not be comparable to similarly-named measures presented by other online game companies.

The following table sets forth our game operations revenues from TLBB in China and the related operating data:

 

    For the Three Months Ended
    Jun. 30,
2007
  Sep. 30,
2007
  Dec. 31,
2007
  Mar. 31,
2008
  Jun. 30,
2008
  Sep. 30,
2008
  Dec. 31,
2008

TLBB Operations Revenues
($ in thousands)

  2,256   10,794   21,757   38,493   43,350   48,278  

51,540

Peak Concurrent Users
(in thousands)

  405   408   531   592   699   690   738

Average Concurrent Users
(in thousands)

  181   216   278   306   380   387   411

Quarterly Active Paying Accounts
(in thousands)

  209   690   1,096   1,387   1,684   1,860   1,822

Quarterly Average Revenue per Active Paying Account
(in RMB)

  82   118   147   199   179   178   193

The following table sets forth our game operations revenues from BO in China and the related operating data:

 

    For the Three Months Ended
    Mar. 31,
2007
  Jun. 30,
2007
  Sep. 30,
2007
  Dec. 31,
2007
  Mar. 31,
2008
  Jun. 30,
2008
   Sep. 30,
2008
   Dec. 31,
2008

BO Operations Revenues
($ in thousands)

  1,608   1,569   1,783   1,975   2,081   2,380    3,615    4,870

Peak Concurrent Users
(in thousands)

  63   60   64   68   69   74    82    95

Average Concurrent Users
(in thousands)

  42   42   42   47   46   46    51    55

Quarterly Active Paying Accounts
(in thousands)

  217   138   143   147   127   123    146    159

Quarterly Average Revenue per Active Paying Account (in RMB)

  58   87   94   100   116   135    169    209

 

 

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RISK FACTORS

Investment in our ADSs involves significant risks. You should carefully consider the risks described below before you decide to buy our ADSs. If any of the possible adverse events discussed below actually occurs, our business, prospects, financial condition and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected, the trading price of our ADSs could decline and you could lose all or part of your investment.

Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry

Our limited operating history makes evaluating our business and prospects difficult.

We were incorporated on August 6, 2007 in the Cayman Islands as an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc. On December 1, 2007, Sohu transferred all of its MMORPG business to us. We have launched three MMORPGs, including KO in June 2003, BO in October 2004 and TLBB in May 2007, all of which were launched when we were still a business unit of the Sohu Group. KO and BO are licensed games. We terminated the operation of KO in November 2006 when its license expired. We developed TLBB in-house. TLBB generated a substantial majority of our revenues for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008. We expect to begin open beta testing of three new MMORPGs, including IF, a licensed game, and DMD, an in-house developed game, in the second and fourth quarters of 2009, respectively, and of LAW, a licensed game, in early 2010. Our limited operating history may not provide a meaningful basis for you to evaluate our business and prospects. Furthermore, we have been a business unit within the Sohu Group prior to our reorganization and have had no experience running our business as a separate, stand-alone company. Our business strategy has not been proven over time and we cannot be certain that we will be able to successfully expand our MMORPG business. In addition, you should not place undue reliance on our financial statements included in this prospectus, as such financial statements may not be representative of our financial condition and results of operations if we were a separate, stand-alone company.

You should also consider additional risks and uncertainties that may be experienced by early stage companies operating in a rapidly developing and evolving industry. Some of these risks and uncertainties relate to our ability to:

 

  Ÿ  

develop or license new MMORPGs that are appealing to game players and meet our expected timetable for launches of new games;

 

  Ÿ  

raise our brand recognition and game player loyalty; and

 

  Ÿ  

successfully adapt to an evolving business model.

We may not be successful in addressing the risks listed above, which may materially and adversely affect our business prospects.

We are not likely to sustain our recent growth rate.

Our revenues have grown significantly in a relatively short period of time, in particular after our launch of TLBB in May 2007. The peak concurrent users of TLBB reached approximately 400,000 within the first month of its launch in May 2007, and its quarterly peak concurrent users were approximately 738,000 in the fourth quarter of 2008. TLBB was ranked by IDC as the third most popular online game overall in China in 2007. Primarily due to the commercial success of TLBB, our revenues grew from $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 before the launch of TLBB to $58.4 million for the three months ended December 31, 2008, representing an increase of 35.5 times over seven quarters, and our net income grew from a net loss of $1.4 million for the three months ended March 31, 2007 to net income of $29.1 million for the three months ended December 31, 2008. We are not likely to sustain similar growth rate in revenues or net income in future periods due to a number of factors, including, among others, the greater difficulty of growing at sustained rates from a

 

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larger revenue base, the uncertain level of popularity of our future games, the potential need to expend greater amounts in order to develop or acquire new games, and the potential increases in our costs and expenses as a separate, stand-alone public company. For example, for the three months ended December 31, 2008, our revenues grew 6.9% over the three months ended September 30, 2008, which is significantly lower than the revenue growth rate of the previous several quarters, as TLBB has entered into a more mature stage. Accordingly, you should not rely on the results of any prior period as an indication of our future financial and operating performance.

We may be adversely affected by the slowdown of China’s economy caused in part by the recent global crisis in the financial services and credit markets.

We rely on the spending of our game players for our revenues, which may in turn depend on the players’ level of disposable income, perceived future earnings capabilities and willingness to spend. The growth of China’s economy experienced a slowdown after the second quarter of 2007, when the quarterly growth rate of China’s gross domestic product reached 11.9%. A number of factors have contributed to this slowdown, including appreciation of the Renminbi, which has adversely affected China’s exports, and tightening macroeconomic measures and monetary policies adopted by the PRC government aimed at preventing overheating of China’s economy and controlling China’s high level of inflation. The slowdown was further exacerbated by the recent global crisis in the financial services and credit markets, which in recent months has resulted in extreme volatility and dislocation of the global capital markets. In the fourth quarter of 2008, the growth rate of China’s gross domestic product decreased to 6.8%, and the closing of the Shanghai Stock Exchange Composite Index dropped from a high of 6,092 reached on October 16, 2007 to 2,129 on March 13, 2009.

It is uncertain how long the global crisis in the financial services and credit markets will continue and how much adverse impact it will have on the global economy in general and the economies in China and other jurisdictions where we license our games in particular. If our game players reduce their spending on playing MMORPGs due to such uncertain economic conditions, our business may be adversely affected.

We currently depend on TLBB for a substantial majority of our revenues. Any decrease in TLBB’s popularity may materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

We currently rely on our in-house developed MMORPG, TLBB, for a substantial majority of our revenues. Including revenues from game operations and overseas licensing, revenues generated from TLBB accounted for 93.6% of our total revenues for the year ended December 31, 2008. We launched TLBB in May 2007, and we cannot guarantee how long TLBB will continue to sustain its current level of popularity. To prolong this game’s lifespan, we need to continually improve and update it on a timely basis with new features that appeal to existing game players and attract new game players, and to market these new features. Despite our efforts to improve TLBB, our game players may nevertheless lose interest in the game over time. See “—We may not be successful in operating and improving our games to satisfy the changing demands of game players.” If we fail to improve and update TLBB on a timely basis, or if our competitors introduce more popular games catering to our game player base, which could include games adapted from other novels written by Louis Cha, TLBB may lose its popularity, which could materially decrease our revenues.

Furthermore, if there are any interruptions in TLBB’s operations due to unexpected server interruptions, network failures or other factors, game players may be prevented or deterred from making purchases of virtual items, which may also result in significant decreases in our revenues.

We expect to rely on MMORPGs as our only source of revenue. Any adverse trend affecting MMORPGs may materially and adversely affect our business.

We entered into a Non-Competition Agreement with Sohu which prohibits us from engaging in certain businesses that Sohu is currently conducting or is contemplating conducting, including the development and

 

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operation of online games other than MMORPGs, during the non-competition period. See “Our Relationship with Sohu—Our relationship with Sohu following the Offering.” As a result, during such non-competition period, we will not be able to diversify our business into businesses Sohu is currently conducting or contemplating to conduct, even if such business presents growth opportunities for us. Therefore, we expect to rely on MMORPGs as our only source of revenue, and may face competition from other online games, including those developed and/or operated by Sohu.

We may not be successful in operating and improving our games to satisfy the changing demands of game players.

We depend on purchase and continual consumption of virtual items by our game players to generate revenues, which in turn depends on the continued attractiveness of our games to the game players and their satisfactory game-playing experience. We provide support for our games and collect game players’ feedback on their game-playing experience in order to resolve any programming flaws or other game operational issues in a timely manner. We also use software and systems to monitor game players’ preferences in order to develop and improve game features and virtual items in a way that is attractive to our game players. We continue to improve our games through regular updates as well as periodic major enhancements using expansion packs. However, we cannot assure you that our efforts will be effective in eliminating program errors associated with our games, satisfying game player demands, or retaining the continued attractiveness of our games. For example:

 

  Ÿ  

we may fail to provide game updates and expansion packs in a timely manner due to technologies, resources or other factors;

 

  Ÿ  

our game updates and expansion packs may contain program errors, and their installation may create other unforeseen issues that adversely affect the game-playing experience;

 

  Ÿ  

we may fail to timely respond and/or resolve complaints from our game players; and

 

  Ÿ  

our game updates and expansion packs may change rules or other aspects of our games that our game players do not welcome, resulting in reduction of peak concurrent users and/or average concurrent users of our games.

Our failure to address the above-mentioned issues could adversely affect the game-playing experience of our game players, damage the reputation of our games, shorten the lifespan of our games, and eventually result in the loss of game players and a decrease in our revenues.

Furthermore, for the games that we license from third parties, we may not have access to the game source codes during the initial period of the license or at all. Without the source codes, we have to rely on the licensors to provide updates and enhancements during the initial period, giving us less control over the quality and timeliness of updates and enhancements. If our game players are not satisfied with the level of services they receive, they may choose to not play the games, leading to a decrease in our revenues.

We may fail to launch new games according to our timetable, and our new games may not be commercially successful, or may attract game players away from our existing games.

We must introduce new games that can generate additional revenue and diversify our revenue source in order to remain competitive. We have three games in the pipeline, DMD, IF and LAW. We expect to begin open beta testing of IF and DMD in the second and fourth quarters of 2009, respectively, and of LAW in early 2010. We are developing DMD in-house and we have licensed IF and LAW from local third-party developers. We will not generate any revenue from a game until it enters open beta testing. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to meet our timetable for new game launches. A number of factors, including technical difficulties, lack of sufficient game development personnel and other resources, and adverse developments in our relationship with the licensors of our new licensed games could result in delayed launching of our new games. In addition, we

 

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cannot assure you that our new games will be as well received in the market as TLBB, and you should not use TLBB as an indication of the commercial success of our future games. There are many factors that may adversely affect the popularity of our new games. For example, we may fail to anticipate and adapt to future technical trends, new business models and changed game player preferences and requirements, fail to effectively plan and organize marketing and promotion activities, or fail to differentiate our new games from our existing games. If the new games we introduce are not commercially successful, we may not be able to recover our product development costs, which can be significant.

In addition, our new games may attract game players away from our existing games. In particular, DMD is an MMORPG based on a novel written by Louis Cha, the same author of “Tian Long Ba Bu ,” based on which we developed TLBB. We cannot assure you that our TLBB game players will not be attracted to play DMD instead of TLBB after DMD’s launch. If this occurred, it would decrease our existing games’ player bases, which could in turn make these games less attractive to other game players, resulting in decreased revenues from our existing games. Game players of our existing games may also spend less money to purchase virtual items in our new games than they would have spent if they had continued playing our existing games, which could materially and adversely affect our total revenues.

Our business may not succeed in a highly competitive market.

Competition in the online game market in China is becoming increasingly intense. For example, according to IDC, there were more than 140 game developers and 281 game titles in 2007. There were four online game companies, Perfect World Co., Ltd., Giant Interactive Group Inc., Kingsoft Corporation Limited and NetDragon Websoft Inc., that successfully listed their shares on NASDAQ, the New York Stock Exchange or the Hong Kong Stock Exchange in the second half of 2007 alone, adding to the previously listed public companies focusing on the online game market in China, such as NetEase.com, Inc., Shanda Interactive Entertainment Limited, Tencent Holdings Limited and The9 Limited, most of which focus on MMORPGs. Moreover, there are many venture-backed private companies focusing on online game development, and MMORPG development in particular, further intensifying the competition. Recently, many of our competitors have been aggressively hiring talent for game development, increasing spending on marketing for games and bidding for licenses of games. Increased competition in the online game market may make it difficult for us to retain our existing employees and attract new employees, and to sustain our growth rate. Furthermore, we also face intense competition for cost-effective marketing resources for online games, such as online game-related websites, which could drive up our marketing costs and decrease the effectiveness of our marketing campaigns.

We have a history of net losses, which might occur again in the future.

We incurred net losses from the inception of our business until the third quarter of 2007. We cannot assure you that we can remain profitable or avoid net losses in the future or that there will not be any earnings or revenue declines for any future quarterly or other periods. We expect that our operating expenses will increase as we grow our business, including significantly increasing our headcount and expending substantial resources for product development and marketing, and as we operate as a separate, stand-alone company. As a result, any decrease or delay in generating revenues could result in material operating losses.

Our operating results for a particular period could fall below our expectations or the expectations of investors or research analysts, resulting in a decrease in the price of our ADSs.

Our operating results may vary significantly from period to period as a result of factors beyond our control, such as the recent slowdown in China’s economic growth caused in part by the recent severe global crisis in the financial services and credit markets, and may be difficult to predict for any given period. Our past results may not be indicative of our future performance and our quarterly results may not be indicative of our full year results. If our operating results for any period fall below our expectations or the expectations of investors or research analysts, the price of our ADSs is likely to decrease.

 

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We generate all of our revenues under the item-based revenue model, which has a short history of commercial application and presents risks related to consumer preferences and regulatory restrictions.

When we first launched BO in October 2004, it generated revenue under the time-based revenue model. Currently, we operate both of our games, TLBB and BO, under the item-based revenue model. Under this revenue model, our game players are free to play the games for an unlimited amount of time, but are charged for the purchases of certain virtual items. We currently expect that a substantial majority of our revenues, including revenues from all of our current pipeline games, will continually be generated under the item-based revenue model. The item-based revenue model requires us to design games that not only attract game players to spend more time playing, but also encourages them to purchase virtual items. The sale of virtual items requires us to track closely consumer tastes and preferences, especially as to in-game consumption patterns. If we fail to design virtual items so as to incentivize game players to purchase them, we may not be able to effectively translate our game player base and their playing time into revenues. Although the item-based revenue model is currently a prevalent revenue model for MMORPGs in China, it does not have a long history of proven commercial application. In addition, the item-based revenue model may cause additional concerns with PRC regulators who have been implementing regulations designed to reduce the amount of time that Chinese youths spend on online games and intended to limit the total amount of virtual currency issued by online game operators and the amount of purchase by individual game player. A revenue model that does not charge for time may be viewed by the PRC regulators as inconsistent with this goal. We cannot assure you that the item-based revenue model will continue to be commercially successful, or that we will not in the future need to change our revenue model back to the time-based revenue model or to a new revenue model. Any change in revenue model could result in disruption of our game operations and decrease in the number of our game players.

We rely on data recorded in our billing systems for revenue recognition and tracking of game players’ consumption patterns of virtual items. If our billing systems fail to operate effectively, it will not only affect the completeness and accuracy of our revenue recognition, but also our ability to design and improve virtual items that appeal to game players.

Our game operations revenues are collected through the sale of our prepaid game cards or online direct sale of game points. However, we do not recognize revenues when our prepaid game card or game points are sold. Rather, our revenues are recognized when the virtual items purchased by our game players are consumed. For consumable virtual items, including those with a predetermined expiration time, revenues are recognized as they are consumed, and for perpetual virtual items, revenues are recognized over their estimated lives. We rely on our billing systems to capture the purchase and consumption of the virtual items by our game players. If our billing systems fail to accurately record the purchase and consumption information of the virtual items, we may not be able to accurately recognize our revenues. In addition, various factors affect the estimated lives of perpetual virtual items, such as the average period that game players typically play our games and other game player behavior patterns, the acceptance and popularity of expansion packs, promotional events launched and market conditions, and we rely on our billing systems to capture such historical game player behavior patterns and other information. If such information is not accurately recorded, or if we do not have sufficient information due to our short operating history of TLBB, we will not be able to accurately estimate the lives of the perpetual virtual items, which will also affect our ability to accurately recognize our revenues from such perpetual virtual items. Therefore, if our billing systems were damaged by system failure, network interruption, or virus infection, or attacked by a hacker, the integrity of data would be compromised, which could materially and adversely affect our revenue recognition and the completeness and accuracy of our recognized revenues, resulting in possible restatement of our financial statements and loss of investors’ confidence in us.

In addition, we rely on our billing systems to record game player purchase and consumption patterns, based on which we improve our existing virtual items and design new virtual items. For example, we intend to increase development efforts on the number and variety of virtual items that our game players like to purchase, and we may also adjust prices accordingly. If our billing systems fail to record data accurately, our ability to

 

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improve existing virtual items or design new virtual items that are appealing to our game players may be adversely affected, which could in turn materially and adversely affect our revenues.

Rapid technological changes may increase our game development costs.

The online game industry is evolving rapidly, so we need to anticipate new technologies and evaluate their possible market acceptance. In addition, government authorities or industry organizations may adopt new standards that apply to game development. Any new technologies and new standards may require increases in expenditures for MMORPG development and operations, and we will need to adapt our business to cope with the changes and support these new services to be successful. If we fall behind in adopting new technologies or standards, our existing games may lose popularity, and our newly developed games may not be well received in the marketplace. As a result, our business prospects and results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

Our business may be materially harmed if our MMORPGs are not featured in a sufficient number of Internet cafes in China.

A substantial number of game players access our games through Internet cafes in China. Due to limited hardware capacity, Internet cafes generally feature a limited number of games on their computers. We thus compete with a growing number of other online game operators to ensure that our games are featured on these computers. This competition may intensify in China due to a recent nationwide suspension of approval for the establishment of new Internet cafes in 2007. See “Regulation—Internet Cafe Regulation.” We take steps to ensure that our games are featured in a sufficient number of Internet cafes, including maintaining good relationships with Internet cafe operators, requiring our distributors to maintain a sales presence in a large number of Internet cafes, conducting periodical promotional activities in select Internet cafes, and other general sales and marketing efforts. If we fail to maintain good relationships with Internet cafe operators, or if we and/or our distributors fail to successfully persuade Internet cafes to feature our MMORPGs, our revenues may be materially and adversely affected.

Our marketing and promotion have benefited significantly from our association with Sohu. Any negative development in Sohu’s market position or brand recognition may materially and adversely affect our marketing efforts and the popularity of our games.

We were a business unit under Sohu and expect to continue to be part of the Sohu Group after the offering, as Sohu is expected to remain our controlling shareholder. We have benefited significantly from Sohu in marketing our games. For example, we have benefited from Sohu’s large user base by marketing and advertising across Sohu’s domains and using the Sohu Group’s single-user ID system, which provides Sohu’s registered users easy access to our games. We also benefit from Sohu’s strong brand recognition in China, which has provided us credibility and a broad marketing reach.

If Sohu loses its market position, the effectiveness of our marketing efforts through our association with Sohu may be materially and adversely affected. In addition, any negative publicity associated with Sohu.com or its affiliated websites will likely have an adverse impact on the effectiveness of our marketing on those sites as well as our reputation and our brand.

We may be exposed to infringement or misappropriation claims by third parties, which, if determined adversely to us, could subject us to significant liabilities and other costs.

Our success depends largely on our ability to use and develop our technology and know-how without infringing the intellectual property rights of third parties. We cannot assure you that third parties will not assert intellectual property claims against us. We are subject to additional risks if entities licensing to us intellectual property, including, for example, game source codes, do not have adequate rights in any such licensed materials.

 

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The validity and scope of claims relating to the intellectual property of game development and technology involve complex scientific, legal and factual questions and analysis and, therefore, tend to be uncertain. If third parties assert copyright or patent infringement or violation of other intellectual property rights against us, we have to defend ourselves in litigation or administrative proceedings, which can be both costly and time consuming and may significantly divert the efforts and resources of our technical and management personnel. An adverse determination in any such litigation or proceedings to which we may become a party could subject us to significant liability to third parties, require us to seek licenses from third parties, to pay ongoing royalties, or to redesign our games or subject us to injunctions prohibiting the development and operation of our games.

We may need to incur significant expenses to enforce our proprietary rights, and if we are unable to protect such rights, our competitive position could be harmed.

We regard our proprietary software, domain names, trade names, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property as critical to our success. In particular, we have spent a significant amount of time and resources in developing TLBB and our ability to protect our proprietary rights in connection with TLBB is critical for the success of this game and our overall financial performance. We have registered a number of software in China for copyright protection, including our TLBB software, and we have taken various measures to protect our source codes, including confidentiality agreements and segregation of source codes, so that only our Chief Technology Officer has access to the entire source codes for any of our games. We have registered two trademarks in Taiwan relating to TLBB. We have also applied for registration of 225 trademarks in the PRC and additional trademarks in Taiwan, which relate to our name and our MMORPGs. See “Business—Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights.” However, we may not succeed in obtaining trademarks that we have applied for, including any trademarks relating to our game TLBB. Any failure to register trademarks may limit our ability to protect our rights under relevant trademark laws, and we may even need to change the name or the relevant trademark in certain cases, which may adversely affect our branding and marketing efforts.

In addition, we cannot assure you that our measures will be sufficient to protect our proprietary information and intellectual property. Intellectual property rights and confidentiality protection in China may not be as effective as in the United States or other developed countries. Policing unauthorized use of proprietary technology is difficult and expensive. Any steps we have taken to prevent the misappropriation of our proprietary technology may be inadequate. The validity, enforceability and scope of protection of intellectual property in Internet-related industries are uncertain and still evolving. In particular, the laws and enforcement procedures in the PRC are uncertain and do not protect intellectual property rights in this area to the same extent as do the laws and enforcement procedures in the United States and other developed countries.

Despite our efforts to protect our intellectual property, we cannot assure you that other online game developers will not copy our ideas and designs, or other third parties will not infringe our intellectual property rights. For example, certain third parties have misappropriated the source codes of previous versions of TLBB and have set up unauthorized servers in China and elsewhere to operate TLBB to compete with us. As a result, we have taken measures to enforce our intellectual property rights. However, we cannot assure you that such measures will be successful in eliminating these unauthorized servers. The existence of unauthorized servers may attract game players away from our games and may result in decreases in our revenues. Litigation relating to intellectual property rights may result in substantial costs to us and diversion of resources and management attention away from our business, and may not be successful. In addition, as our ideas and designs are not protected by patents, other online game developers may independently develop ideas and designs that compete with us.

We may fail to maintain a stable and efficient physical distribution network for our prepaid game cards.

Online payment systems in China are in a developmental stage and are not as widely available to or accepted by consumers in China as they are in the United States. We rely heavily on a physical distribution network composed of third-party distributors to cover a network of retail outlets across China for the sales of our

 

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prepaid game cards to our game players. As a result, our revenues could be adversely affected by the under-performance of our distributors, such as the failure to meet minimum sales or penetration targets or the failure to establish an extensive retail network. Prior to January 1, 2009, we generally signed six-month agreements, and commencing January 1, 2009, we only sign one-year agreements with our distributors. We cannot assure you that we will continue to maintain favorable relationships with them. In addition, our distributors may violate our distribution agreements. Such violations may include, among other things, their:

 

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failure to maintain minimum price levels for our prepaid game cards in accordance with our distribution agreements;

 

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failure to properly promote our MMORPGs in local Internet cafes and other important outlets, or cooperate with our sales and marketing team’s efforts in their designated territories; and

 

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selling our prepaid game cards outside their designated territories.

In the past, some of our distributors have failed to carry out their obligations in accordance with the distribution agreements, which resulted in our termination of our distribution relationship with them. If we decide to penalize, suspend or terminate our distributors for acting in violation of our distribution agreements, or if the distributors fail to address material violations committed by any of their retail outlets in a timely manner, our ability to effectively sell our prepaid game cards in any given territory could be negatively impacted, which could materially and adversely affect our revenues.

We could be liable for breaches of security of our and third-parties’ online payment platforms, and sales made through those channels might have a negative impact on our revenues.

Currently, we rely on Sohu’s online payment platform, or the PEAK system, to directly sell a substantial portion of virtual prepaid game cards and game points to our game players. We also sell our virtual prepaid game cards through other third-party online payment platforms. In all these online transactions, secured transmission of confidential information, such as customers’ credit card numbers and expiration dates, personal information and billing addresses, over public networks is essential to maintain consumer confidence. In addition, we expect that an increasing amount of our sales will be conducted over the Internet as a result of the growing use of online payment systems. As a result, the associated online crime will likely increase as well. We cannot assure you that our current security measures and those of the third parties with whom we transact business are adequate. We must be prepared to increase our security measures and efforts so that our game players have confidence in the reliability of the online payment systems that we use, which will require additional costs and expenses and may still not be completely safe. In addition, we do not have control over the security measures of our third-party online payment vendors. Security breaches of the online payment systems that we use could expose us to litigation and possible liability for failing to secure confidential customer information and could harm our reputation, ability to attract customers and ability to encourage customers to purchase virtual items.

We are dependent upon our existing management, our key development personnel and qualified technical personnel, and our business may be severely disrupted if we lose their services.

Our future success depends substantially on the continued services of our executive officers and our key development personnel, such as our Chief Executive Officer, Tao Wang, who has been instrumental in the development of TLBB, our Chief Technology Officer, Xiaojian Hong, and our Chief Operating Officer, Dewen Chen. If one or more of our executive officers and key development personnel were unable or unwilling to continue in their present positions, we might not be able to replace them easily or at all. In addition, if any of our executive officers or key employees joins a competitor or forms a competing company, we may lose know-how, key professionals and staff members as well as suppliers. These executive officers and key employees could develop and operate games that could compete with and take game players away from our existing and future games. Each of our executive officers and key personnel has entered into an employment agreement with us, which contains non-competition provisions. However, if any dispute arises between our executive officers, key

 

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employees and us, these non-competition provisions may not be enforceable in China. If any of these were to happen, our competitive position and business prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

We are rapidly expanding our business and need to hire a significant number of new employees. If we are unable to attract a sufficient number of qualified new employees or retain our existing employees, our business prospects may be materially and adversely affected.

As we are in the early stages of our development and our business is growing rapidly, we plan to double the number of employees by the end of 2009 as we grow our business and revenues to achieve our strategic objectives, including senior-level executives, experienced project managers and game development personnel. However, our industry in China is characterized by high demand and intense competition for talent, particularly for game developers and related technical personnel, and we may not be able to attract a sufficient number of qualified new employees or retain existing employees to meet the growth of our business, in which case our growth strategy and our business prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

Our business could suffer if we do not successfully manage our current and future growth.

We have experienced a period of rapid growth and expansion that has placed, and will continue to place, strain on our management personnel, systems and resources. To accommodate our growth pursuant to our strategies, we anticipate that we will need to implement a variety of new and upgraded operational and financial systems, including online payment systems and related security systems, procedures and controls, and the improvement of our accounting and other internal management systems, all of which require substantial management efforts and financial resources. We will also need to continue to expand, train, manage and motivate our workforce, and manage our relationships with our distributors, third-party service providers and game player base. All of these endeavors will require substantial management effort and skills and the incurrence of additional expenditures. We cannot assure you that we will be able to efficiently or effectively implement our growth strategies and manage the growth of our operations, and any failure to do so may limit our future growth and hamper our business strategy.

We incur additional costs and face significant risks when we license our games outside of China and seek to expand our operations to select markets, such as the United States. If we fail to manage these risks, our growth and business prospects could be materially and adversely affected.

We currently license TLBB to third-party operators to operate the game in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore. Pursuant to our strategy, we plan to continue to license TLBB and other future games in these and other overseas markets. We also intend to expand our operations to select markets, such as MMORPG operations in the United States. Identifying appropriate overseas markets, negotiating with potential third-party licensees and managing our relationships with our licensees all require substantial management effort and skills and the incurrence of additional expenditures. Licensing games overseas also requires translation of our games to the local language of the overseas market in which we plan to license, and may require customization as well, both of which require additional costs and expenses. Furthermore, there are additional risks in connection with the licensing of our games overseas, including:

 

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difficulties in identifying and maintaining good relationships with licensees who are knowledgeable about, and can effectively distribute and operate our games in, overseas markets;

 

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difficulties and costs relating to compliance with the different legal requirements and commercial terms in the overseas markets in which we license our games, such as game export regulatory procedures, taxes and other restrictions and expenses;

 

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difficulties in maintaining the reputation of our company and our games, given that our games are operated by licensees in the overseas markets pursuant to their own standards;

 

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changes in the political, regulatory or economic conditions in a foreign country or region, or public policies toward online games;

 

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  Ÿ  

fluctuations in currency exchange rate;

 

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difficulties in verifying revenues generated from our games by our licensees for purposes of determining the royalties to us;

 

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difficulties in protecting our intellectual property outside of China;

 

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exposure to different regulatory systems governing the protection of intellectual property and the regulation of online games, the Internet and the export of technology;

 

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the risk that the regulatory authorities in foreign countries or regions may impose withholding taxes, or place restriction on repatriation of our profits; and

 

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inherent difficulties and delays in contract enforcement and collection of receivables through the use of foreign legal systems.

If we are unable to mange these risks effectively, our ability to license our games overseas may be impaired, which may materially and adversely affect our future growth, financial condition and results of operations.

Potential future acquisitions and/or strategic alliances may have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.

We may acquire technologies, businesses or assets that are complementary to our business and/or enter into strategic alliances in order to leverage our position in the Chinese MMORPG market. Future acquisitions or strategic alliances would expose us to potential risks, including risks associated with the integration of new technologies, businesses and personnel, unforeseen or hidden liabilities, the diversion of management attention and resources from our existing business, and the inability to generate sufficient revenues to offset the costs and expenses of acquisitions or strategic alliances. Any difficulties encountered in the acquisition and strategic alliance process may have an adverse effect on our ability to manage our business.

We do not have business insurance coverage.

The insurance industry in China is still at an early stage of development. Insurance companies in China offer limited business insurance products, or offer them at a high price. As a result, we do not have any business liability, loss of data or disruption insurance coverage for our operations in China. Any business disruption, litigation or natural disaster might result in our incurring substantial costs and the diversion of our resources.

There are uncertainties regarding the future growth of the online game industry in China.

The online game industry, from which we derive all of our revenues, is a relatively new and evolving industry. The growth of the online game industry and the level of demand and market acceptance of our games are subject to a high degree of uncertainty. Our future operating results will depend on numerous factors affecting the online game industry, many of which are beyond our control, including:

 

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the growth of personal computer, Internet and broadband users and penetration in China and other markets in which we offer our games, and the rate of any such growth;

 

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whether the online game industry, particularly in China and the rest of the Asia-Pacific region, continues to grow and the rate of any such growth;

 

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general economic conditions in China, particularly economic conditions adversely affecting discretionary consumer spending, such as the slowdown in China’s economic growth partly caused by the recent global crisis in the financial services and credit markets;

 

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  Ÿ  

the availability and popularity of other forms of entertainment, particularly games of console systems, which are already popular in developed countries and may gain popularity in China; and

 

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changes in consumer demographics and public tastes and preferences.

There is no assurance that online games, in particular MMORPGs, will continue to be popular in China or elsewhere. A decline in the popularity of online games in general, or the MMORPGs that we operate, will likely adversely affect our business and prospects.

The successful operation of our business and implementation of our growth strategies, including our ability to accommodate additional game players in the future, depend upon the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure and fixed telecommunications networks in China.

Although private Internet service providers currently exist in China, almost all access to the Internet is maintained through state-owned telecommunications operators under the administrative control and regulatory supervision of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or MIIT (formerly the Ministry of Information Industry). We rely on this infrastructure to provide data communications capacity primarily through local telecommunications lines. Although the government has announced plans to develop aggressively the national information infrastructure, we cannot assure you that this infrastructure will be developed as planned or at all. In addition, we will have no access to alternative networks and services, on a timely basis if at all, in the event of any infrastructure disruption or failure. The Internet infrastructure in China may not support the demands necessary for the continued growth in Internet usage.

The limited use of personal computers in China and the relatively high cost of Internet access in relation to per capita gross domestic product may limit the development of the Internet in China and impede our growth.

The penetration rate for personal computers in China is significantly lower than it is in the United States and other developed countries. Furthermore, the cost of Internet access is still relatively high as compared to other developed countries. The limited use of personal computers in China and the relatively high cost of Internet access may limit the growth of our business. See “—The successful operation of our business and implementation of our growth strategies, including our ability to accommodate additional game players in the future, depend upon the performance and reliability of the Internet infrastructure and fixed telecommunications networks in China.” In addition, there may be increases in Internet access fees or telecommunication fees in China. If that happens, the number of our game players may decrease and the growth of our game player base may be materially impacted.

We face risks related to health epidemics and other natural disasters.

Our business could be adversely affected by the effects of avian flu, SARS or other epidemics or outbreaks. China reported a number of cases of SARS in 2003, which resulted in the closure by the PRC government of many businesses in May and June of 2003 to prevent the transmission of SARS. In recent years, there have been reports of occurrences of avian flu in various parts of China, including a few confirmed human cases and deaths. Any prolonged recurrence of avian flu, SARS or other adverse public health developments in China may have a material adverse effect on our business operations. These could include illness and loss of our management and key employees, as well as temporary closure of our offices and related other businesses, such as server operations, upon which we rely. Such loss of management and key employees or closures would severely disrupt our business operations. We have not adopted any written preventive measures or contingency plans to combat any future outbreak of avian flu, SARS or any other epidemic. In addition, other major natural disasters may also adversely affect our business by, for example, causing disruptions of the Internet network or otherwise affecting access to our games. For example, after the Sichuan earthquake in May 2008, we suspended our MMORPG operations during a three-day national mourning period.

 

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Risks Related to Our Structure and Regulations

If the PRC government determines that the VIE structure for operating our business does not comply with PRC government restrictions on foreign investment in the online game industry, we could face severe penalties.

Various regulations in China currently restrict or prevent foreign-invested entities from engaging in telecommunication services, including operating online games. Because of these restrictions, our MMORPG operations in the PRC are conducted through our VIE, Gamease, a PRC company that is owned by our Chief Executive Officer and a Changyou employee, both of whom are PRC citizens, but which is effectively controlled by our subsidiary, AmazGame, through a series of contractual arrangements. For details of these contractual arrangements, see “Our History and Corporate Structure.”

A circular issued by MIIT in July 2006, or the MIIT circular, reiterated the regulations on foreign investment in telecommunications businesses. Under this circular, a domestic company that holds a license for the provision of Internet information service, or an ICP license, or a license to conduct any value-added telecommunications business in China, is prohibited from leasing, transferring or selling the license to foreign investors in any form, and from providing any assistance, including providing resources, sites or facilities, to foreign investors to conduct value-added telecommunications businesses illegally in China.

Furthermore, the relevant trademarks and domain names that are used in the value-added telecommunications business must be owned by the local ICP license holder. The circular further requires each ICP license holder to have the necessary facilities for its approved business operations and to maintain such facilities in the regions covered by its license. In addition, all value-added telecommunications service providers are required to maintain network and information security in accordance with the standards set forth under relevant PRC regulations. Due to a lack of interpretative materials from the regulators, it is uncertain whether MIIT would consider our corporate structures and contractual arrangements as a kind of foreign investment in telecommunication services. Therefore, it is unclear what impact this circular will have on us or the other Chinese Internet companies that have adopted the same or similar corporate structures and contractual arrangements as ours.

In the opinion of our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, (i) the ownership structure and the business and operation model of each of AmazGame and Gamease are in compliance with all existing PRC laws and regulations, and (ii) each contract that AmazGame entered into with Gamease and its shareholders is valid and binding, and will not result in any violation of PRC laws or regulations currently in effect. However, there are substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of PRC laws and regulations, including the MIIT circular discussed above. Accordingly, we cannot assure you that the PRC regulatory authorities will ultimately take a view that is consistent with the opinion of our PRC counsel.

If we are found to be in violation of any existing or future PRC laws or regulations, including the MIIT circular, the relevant regulatory authorities would have broad discretion in dealing with such violation, including levying fines, confiscating our income, revoking Gamease’s or AmazGame’s business or operating licenses, requiring us to restructure the relevant ownership structure or operations, and requiring us to discontinue all or any portion of our game operations. Any of these actions could cause significant disruption to our business operations.

AmazGame’s contractual arrangements with Gamease and its shareholders may not be as effective in providing control over Gamease as direct ownership of Gamease and the shareholders of Gamease may have potential conflicts of interest with us.

We have no ownership interest in Gamease and we conduct substantially all of our operations and generate substantially all of our revenues through contractual arrangements that our subsidiary, AmazGame, had

 

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entered into with Gamease and its shareholders, and such contractual arrangements are designed to provide us with effective control over Gamease. See “Our History and Corporate Structure” for a description of these contractual arrangements. We depend on Gamease to hold and maintain certain licenses necessary for our game business. Gamease also owns all of the necessary intellectual property, facilities and other assets relating to the operation of our games, and employs personnel for our game operations and distribution.

Although in the opinion of our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, each of these contractual arrangements is valid, binding and enforceable, and will not result in any violation of PRC laws or regulations currently in effect, they may not be as effective in providing us with control over Gamease as direct ownership. If we had direct ownership of Gamease, we would be able to exercise our rights as a shareholder to effect changes in the board of directors of Gamease, which in turn could effect changes, subject to any applicable fiduciary obligations, at the management level. Due to our VIE structure, we have to rely on contractual rights to effect control and management of Gamease, which exposes us to the risk of potential breach of contract by the shareholders of Gamease. In addition, as Gamease is jointly owned by its shareholders, it may be difficult for us to change our corporate structure if such shareholders refuse to cooperate with us.

The shareholders of Gamease may breach, or cause Gamease to breach, the contracts for a number of reasons. For example, their interests as shareholders of Gamease and the interests of our company may conflict and we may fail to resolve such conflicts; the shareholders may believe that breaching the contracts will lead to greater economic benefit for them; or the shareholders may otherwise act in bad faith. If any of the foregoing were to happen, we may have to rely on legal or arbitral proceedings to enforce our contractual rights, including specific performance or injunctive relief, and claiming damages. Such arbitral and legal proceedings may cost us substantial financial and other resources, and result in disruption of our business, and we cannot assure you that the outcome will be in our favor.

In addition, as all of these contractual arrangements are governed by PRC law and provide for the resolution of disputes through either arbitration or litigation in the PRC, they would be interpreted in accordance with PRC law and any disputes would be resolved in accordance with PRC legal procedures. The legal environment in the PRC is not as developed as in other jurisdictions, such as the United States. As a result, uncertainties in the PRC legal system could further limit our ability to enforce these contractual arrangements. Furthermore, these contracts may not be enforceable in China if PRC government authorities or courts take a view that such contracts contravene PRC laws and regulations or are otherwise not enforceable for public policy reasons. In the event we are unable to enforce these contractual arrangements, we may not be able to exert effective control over Gamease, and our ability to conduct our business may be materially and adversely affected.

AmazGame and Gamease’s contractual arrangements may result in adverse tax consequences to us.

Under PRC laws and regulations, arrangements and transactions among related parties may be subject to audit or challenge by the PRC tax authorities. We could face material adverse tax consequences if the PRC tax authorities determine that AmazGame and Gamease’s contractual arrangements were not made on an arm’s length basis and adjust our income and expenses for PRC tax purposes in the form of a transfer pricing adjustment. A transfer pricing adjustment could result in a reduction, for PRC tax purposes, of adjustments recorded by Gamease, which could adversely affect us by (i) increasing Gamease’s tax liability without reducing AmazGame’s tax liability, which could further result in interest being levied to us for underpaid taxes; or (ii) limiting the ability of AmazGame and Gamease to maintain preferential tax treatments and other financial incentives.

 

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All of our revenues are generated through Gamease, our VIE, and we rely on payments made by Gamease to AmazGame, our subsidiary, pursuant to contractual arrangements to transfer any such revenues to AmazGame. Any restriction on such payments and any increase in the amount of PRC taxes applicable to such payments may materially and adversely affect our business and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders and ADS holders.

We conduct substantially all of our operations through Gamease, our VIE, which generates all of our revenues. As Gamease is not owned by our subsidiaries, it is not able to make dividend payments to our subsidiaries. Instead, AmazGame, our subsidiary in China, entered into a number of contracts with Gamease, including a Business Operation Agreement, a Technology Support and Utilization Agreement, and a Services and Maintenance Agreement, pursuant to which Gamease pays AmazGame for certain services that AmazGame provides to Gamease. However, depending on the nature of services provided, certain of these payments are subject to PRC taxes at different rates, including business taxes and VATs, which effectively reduce the amount that AmazGame receives from Gamease. We cannot assure you that the PRC government will not impose restrictions on such payments or change the tax rates applicable to such payments. Any such restrictions on such payment or increases in the applicable tax rates may materially and adversely affect our ability to receive payments from Gamease or the amount of such payments, and may in turn materially and adversely affect our business, our net income and our ability to pay dividends to our shareholders and ADS holders.

We do not hold Internet publishing licenses, which are required under PRC regulations, for the games we currently operate due to temporary suspension of issuance of such licenses by the General Administration of Press and Publication, or GAPP, since our inception. If GAPP later challenges the commercial operation of our games, or if we fail to obtain or renew necessary licenses to commercially operate our games, we may be subject to various penalties, including restrictions on our operations.

Pursuant to PRC regulations issued by GAPP and MIIT relating to the regulation of online publication, an online game operator needs to obtain an Internet publishing license in order to directly make its online games publicly available in the PRC, as operating online games is deemed to be an online publishing activity. See “Regulations—Online Games and Cultural Products.” We do not hold such a license, as GAPP temporarily suspended issuance of such licenses. Prior to the transfer of all of the assets and operations relating to Sohu’s MMORPG business unit to us on December 1, 2007, our MMORPGs, TLBB and BO, were published in China under an Internet publishing license held by Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd., or Sohu Internet, a VIE of Sohu, and electronic publication licenses held by third-party publishers. TLBB and BO are currently published in China as electronic publications by the same third-party publishers, but we do not have an Internet publishing license due to the temporary suspension of new issuances by GAPP. We applied for the Internet publishing licenses with respect to TLBB and BO in July 2008. The current PRC regulations are not clear as to the consequence of operating without an Internet publishing license. We have made oral inquiries with the officials at GAPP and have been informed that GAPP is aware of and does not object to such practice, so long as the applications for the Internet publishing licenses for such online games have been filed with GAPP. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the Internet publishing licenses for our games. If this practice is later challenged by GAPP, we may be subject to various penalties, including fines and the discontinuation or restriction on our operations.

Regulation and censorship of information disseminated over the Internet in China may adversely affect our business, and we may be liable for information displayed on, retrieved from or linked to our websites.

The PRC government has adopted regulations governing Internet access and the distribution of news and other information over the Internet. Under these regulations, Internet content providers and Internet publishers are prohibited from posting or displaying over the Internet any content that, among other things, violates PRC laws and regulations, impairs the national dignity of China, or is obscene, superstitious, fraudulent or defamatory. When Internet content providers and Internet publishers, including online game operators, find that information falling within the above scope is transmitted on their websites or is stored in their electronic

 

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bulletin service systems, they are required to terminate the transmission of such information or delete such information immediately, keep records, and report to relevant authorities. Failure to comply with these requirements could result in the revocation of our ICP license and other required licenses and the closure of our websites. Website operators may also be held liable for prohibited information displayed on, retrieved from or linked to their websites.

In addition, the MIIT has published regulations that subject website operators to potential liability for the actions of game players and others using their websites, including liability for violations of PRC laws prohibiting the dissemination of content deemed to be socially destabilizing.

As these regulations are relatively new and subject to interpretation by the relevant authorities, it may not be possible for us to determine in all cases the type of content that could result in liability for us as an MMORPG developer and operator. In addition, we may not be able to control or restrict the content of other Internet content providers linked to or accessible through our websites, or content generated or placed on our websites by our game players, despite our attempt to monitor such content. To the extent that regulatory authorities find any portion of our content objectionable, they may require us to curtail our games, which may reduce our game player base, the amount of time our games are played or the purchases of virtual items.

There are currently no laws or regulations in the PRC governing property rights of virtual assets and therefore it is not clear what liabilities, if any, we may have relating to the loss of virtual assets by our game players.

In the course of playing our games, TLBB and BO, some virtual assets, such as game player experience, skills and weaponry, are acquired and accumulated. Such virtual assets can be highly valued by game players and in some cases are traded among game players for real money or assets. In practice, virtual assets can be lost for various reasons, such as data loss caused by delay of network service by a network crash, or by hacking activities. There are currently no PRC laws and regulations governing property rights of virtual assets. As a result, it is unclear who is the legal owner of virtual assets and whether the ownership of virtual assets is protected by law. In addition, it is unclear under PRC law whether an operator of online games such as us would have any liability (whether in contract, tort or otherwise) for loss of such virtual assets by game players. Based on several judgments regarding the liabilities of online game operators for loss of virtual assets by game players, the courts have generally required the online game operators to provide well-developed security systems to protect such virtual assets owned by game players. In the event of a loss of virtual assets, we may be sued by game players and may be held liable for damages.

Our operations may be adversely affected by implementation of new anti-fatigue-related regulations.

The PRC government may decide to adopt more stringent policies to monitor the online game industry as a result of adverse public reaction to perceived addiction to online games, particularly by minors. Recently, eight PRC government authorities, including the GAPP, the Ministry of Education and MIIT issued a notice requiring all Chinese online game operators to adopt an “anti-fatigue system” in an effort to curb addiction to online games by minors. Under the anti-fatigue system, three hours or less of continuous play is defined to be “healthy,” three to five hours is defined to be “fatiguing,” and five hours or more is defined to be “unhealthy.” Game operators are required to reduce the value of game benefits for minor game players by half when those game players reach the “fatigue” level, and to zero when they reach the “unhealthy” level. In addition, online game players in China are now required to register their identity card numbers before they can play an online game. This system allows game operators to identify which game players are minors. These restrictions could limit our ability to increase our business among minors. Furthermore, if these restrictions were expanded to apply to adult game players in the future, our business could be materially and adversely affected.

 

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The PRC government has begun to tighten its regulation of Internet cafes, which are currently one of the primary places where our games are played. Stricter government regulation of Internet cafes could restrict our ability to maintain or increase our revenues and our game player base.

Internet cafes are one of the primary places where our games are played. In April 2001, the PRC government began tightening its regulation and supervision of Internet cafes. In particular, a large number of Internet cafes without requisite government licenses have been closed. In addition, the PRC government has imposed higher capital and facility requirements for the establishment of Internet cafes. The PRC government’s policy, which encourages the development of a limited number of national and regional Internet cafe chains and discourages the establishment of independent Internet cafes, may also slow down the growth in the number of new Internet cafes. In February 2007, several central governmental authorities jointly issued a notice suspending the issuance of new Internet cafe licenses. It is unclear when or if this suspension will be lifted. Governmental authorities may from time to time impose stricter requirements, such as the customers’ age limit and hours of operation, among others, as a result of the occurrence and perception of, and the media attention on, gang fights, arson and other incidents in or related to Internet cafes. So long as Internet cafes remain as one of the primary places for game players to play our games, any reduction in the number, or any slowdown in the growth, of Internet cafes or restrictions in their operations in China could limit our ability to maintain or increase our revenues and our game player base, thereby adversely affecting our results of operations and business prospects.

Restrictions on virtual currency may adversely affect our game operations revenues.

Our game operations revenues are collected through the sale of our prepaid game cards or online sale of game points. The Notice on the Reinforcement of the Administration of Internet Cafes and Online Games , or the Internet Cafes Notice, issued by the Ministry of Culture on February 15, 2007, directs the People’s Bank of China, or PBOC, to strengthen the administration of virtual currency in online games to avoid any adverse impact on the PRC economy and financial system. This notice provides that the total amount of virtual currency issued by online game operators and the amount purchased by individual game players should be strictly limited, with a strict and clear division between virtual transactions and real transactions carried out by way of electronic commerce. This notice also provides that virtual currency should only be used to purchase virtual items. These restrictions may result in lower sales of our prepaid game cards or game points, and could have an adverse effect on our game operations revenues.

Our business may be adversely affected by public opinion and governmental policies in China as well as in other jurisdictions where we license our MMORPGs to third parties.

Currently, most of our game players in China are young males, many of whom are students. Due to a relatively high degree of game player loyalty to MMORPGs, easy access to personal computers and Internet cafes, and the lack of other appealing forms of entertainment in China, many teenagers in China frequently play online games. This may result in these teenagers spending less time on or refraining from other activities, including education, vocational training, sports, and taking rest, which could result in adverse public reaction and stricter government regulation. For example, the PRC government has promulgated anti-fatigue-related regulations to limit the amount of time minors can play online games. See “—Our operations may be adversely affected by implementation of new anti-fatigue-related regulations.” The PRC government has also begun to tighten its regulations on Internet cafes, currently one of the primary places where online games are played, including limiting the issuance of Internet cafe operating licenses and imposing higher capital and facility requirements for the establishment of Internet cafes. See “—The PRC government has begun to tighten its regulation of Internet cafes, which are currently one of the primary places where our games are played. Tightened government regulation of Internet cafes could restrict our ability to maintain or increase our revenues and our game player base.”

Adverse public opinion could discourage game players from playing our games, and could result in government regulations that impose additional limitations on the operations of online games as well as the game

 

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players’ access to online games, such as imposing stricter age and hour limits on Internet cafes, limiting the issuance of virtual currency by online game operators or the amount of virtual currency that can be purchased by an individual game player, or extending anti-fatigue-related regulations to adults. Such adverse public opinion and tightened government regulations could materially and adversely affect our business prospects and our ability to maintain or increase revenues.

In addition, the PRC State Administration of Taxation recently announced that it will tax game players on the income derived from the trading of virtual currencies at the rate of 20%. However, it is currently unclear how the tax will be collected or if there will be any effect on our game players or our business.

Moreover, similar adverse public reaction may arise, and similar government policies may be adopted, in other jurisdictions where we license out our games, which could materially and adversely affect our overseas licensing revenues.

The laws and regulations governing the online game industry in China are evolving and subject to future changes. We may fail to obtain or maintain all applicable permits and approvals.

The online game industry in China is highly regulated by the PRC government. Various regulatory authorities of the PRC central government, such as the State Council, the MIIT, GAPP, the Ministry of Culture and the Ministry of Public Security, are empowered to issue and implement regulations governing various aspects of the online game industry.

We are required to obtain applicable permits or approvals from different regulatory authorities in order to operate our MMORPGs. For example, as an online game operator in China, we must obtain an Online Cultural Operating Permit from the Ministry of Culture and an Internet publishing license from GAPP in order to distribute games through the Internet. If we fail to maintain any of our permits or approvals or to apply for permits and approvals on a timely basis, we may be subject to various penalties, including fines and the discontinuation or restriction of our operations.

As the online game industry is at an early stage of development in China, new laws and regulations may be adopted from time to time to require additional licenses and permits other than those we currently have, and address new issues that arise. In addition, substantial uncertainties exist regarding the interpretation and implementation of current and any future PRC laws and regulations applicable to the online game industry. We cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain timely, or at all, required licenses or any other new license required in the future. We cannot assure you that we will not be found in violation of any current PRC laws or regulations should their interpretations change, or that we will not be found in violation of any future PRC laws or regulations.

Risks Related to Our Carve-out from Sohu and

Our Continued Relationship with Sohu

We have no experience operating as a separate, stand-alone company.

Changyou was formed on August 6, 2007 as an indirect subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc. to hold and operate the MMORPG business of Sohu. Sohu transferred all of its assets, liabilities and operations relating to its MMORPG business to us on December 1, 2007. Although we had been operating as a business unit within the Sohu Group prior to the carve-out, we have had no experience in conducting our operations on a separate, stand-alone basis. Our senior management has not previously worked together to manage a separate, stand-alone company. We may encounter operational, administrative and strategic difficulties as we adjust to operating as a separate, stand-alone company, which may cause us to react slower than our competitors to industry changes, may divert our management’s attention from running our business or may otherwise harm our operations. In addition, since we are becoming a public company, our management team will need to develop the expertise

 

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necessary to comply with the numerous regulatory and other requirements applicable to separate, stand-alone public companies, including requirements relating to corporate governance, listing standards and securities and investor relations issues. While we were a business unit within the Sohu Group, we were indirectly subject to requirements to maintain an effective internal control over financial reporting under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. However, as a separate, stand-alone public company, our management will have to evaluate our internal control system independently with new thresholds of materiality, and to implement necessary changes to our internal control system. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to do so in a timely and effective manner.

Because we have not operated as a separate, stand-alone entity in the past, we may find that we need to acquire assets in addition to those contributed to us in connection with our carve-out. We may fail to acquire assets that prove to be important to our operations or we may not be able to integrate all of our assets.

Our ability to operate our business effectively may suffer if we do not, quickly and cost-effectively, establish our own financial, administrative and other support functions in order to operate as a separate, stand-alone company.

Historically, we have relied on financial, administrative and other resources of Sohu to operate our business. As a separate, stand-alone public company, we will need to create our own financial, administrative and other support systems or contract with third parties to replace Sohu’s systems, as well as the independent internal controls required by the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Any failure or significant disruption to our own financial or administrative systems could have an adverse impact on our business operations, such as paying our suppliers and employees, executing foreign currency transactions or performing other administrative services, on a timely basis.

Our financial information included in this prospectus may not be representative of our results as a separate, stand-alone company.

The consolidated financial statements included in this prospectus were prepared on a carve-out basis. We made numerous estimates, assumptions and allocations in our financial information because Sohu did not account for us, and we did not operate, as a separate, stand-alone company for any period prior to December 1, 2007.

Prior to Sohu’s transfer of all the assets and operations of its MMORPG business unit to our PRC subsidiary and VIE, effective December 1, 2007, the operations of our MMORPGs were carried out by various companies owned or controlled by Sohu.com Inc. For periods both before and after December 1, 2007, our consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows that were directly attributable to our MMORPG business whether held or incurred by Sohu or by Changyou. In cases involving assets and liabilities not specifically identifiable to any particular operation of Sohu, only those assets and liabilities transferred or expected to be transferred to Changyou are included in our consolidated balance sheets. With respect to costs of operations of the MMORPG business, an allocation of certain general corporate expenses of Sohu which are not directly related to the MMORPG operations and an allocation of certain advertising and other expenses provided by Sohu to Changyou were also included. These allocations are based on a variety of factors depending upon the nature of the expenses being allocated, including revenue, the number of employees and the number of servers. Our statements of operations also include the sales and marketing expenses and other costs charged from Sohu. The transactions are measured at the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties. Although our management believes that the assumptions underlying our financial statements and the above allocations are reasonable, our financial statements may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows as if we had operated as a separate, stand-alone company during the periods presented. See “Our Relationship with Sohu” for our arrangements with Sohu and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and the notes to our consolidated financial statements

 

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included elsewhere in this prospectus for our historical cost allocation. In addition, in preparation for becoming a separate, stand-alone company, we have been establishing our own financial, administrative and other support systems or contracting with third parties to replace Sohu’s systems, the cost of which could be significantly different from cost allocation with Sohu for the same services. Therefore, you should not view our historical results as indicators of our future performance.

We may not be able to continue to receive the same level of support from Sohu and may not be successful in establishing our brand identity.

Sohu has been a leading Internet portal in China, and our MMORPG business has benefited significantly from Sohu’s strong Internet market position in China and its expertise in game review and editing. For example, we have benefited from marketing and advertising across Sohu’s domains (such as Sohu.com, the Sohu portal, and 17173.com, the website maintained by Sohu that is dedicated to online game information), and using Sohu’s email system and the Sohu Group’s single-user ID system, which provide Sohu’s large number of registered users easy access to our games. We also benefit from the strong brand recognition of Sohu in China, which has provided us a broad marketing reach. In addition, Sohu’s experienced game editors reviewed and critiqued our games prior to launch, improving the quality of our games upon launch.

Although we have entered into Master Transaction Agreement, Marketing Services Agreement and other related agreements with Sohu, we cannot assure you we will continue to receive the same level of support from Sohu after we become a separate, stand-alone company. In addition, as an entity that is newly separated from Sohu, Changyou as a brand name does not have the same level of recognition as Sohu in China’s Internet market. As a result, the popularity of our MMORPGs may decline as a result of lack of brand recognition. Additionally, our current customers, suppliers, and partners may react negatively to our carve-out from Sohu. We will need to expend significant time, effort and resources to continue to establish our brand name in the marketplace and our own independent identity. This effort may not be successful, which could materially and adversely affect our business. We have applied for the trademark registration of Changyou and other related trademarks in China, but we cannot assure you we will be able to obtain such trademarks, or obtain them with the scope we seek, which may materially and adversely affect our branding efforts.

Our agreements with Sohu may be less favorable to us than similar agreements negotiated between unaffiliated third parties. In particular, our Non-Competition Agreement with Sohu limits the scope of business that we are allowed to conduct.

We entered into a Master Transaction Agreement, a Non-Competition Agreement, a Marketing Services Agreement and other related agreements with Sohu prior to this offering and the terms of such agreements may be less favorable to us than would be the case if they were negotiated with unaffiliated third parties. In particular, under the Non-Competition Agreement we entered into with Sohu, we are prohibited during the non-competition period (which commences on January 1, 2009 and ends on the later of three years after Sohu no longer owns in the aggregate at least 10% of the voting power of our then outstanding voting securities and five years after the date that the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part was first publicly filed with the SEC) from entering into any non-MMORPG businesses conducted or contemplated to be conducted by Sohu as of the date of this prospectus. Sohu currently offers casual games in addition to Internet portal, search and mobile value-added services. However, “casual games” is not defined in the Non-Competition Agreement. Such contractual limitations significantly affect our ability to diversify our revenue source and may materially and adversely impact our business and results of operations should the growth of MMORPGs in China slow down. In addition, pursuant to our Master Transaction Agreement with Sohu, we agreed to indemnify Sohu for, among other things, liabilities arising from litigation and other contingencies related to our business and assumed these liabilities as part of our carve-out from Sohu. The allocation of assets and liabilities between Sohu and our company may not reflect the allocation that would have been reached by two unaffiliated parties. Moreover, so long as Sohu continues to control us, we may not be able to bring a legal claim against Sohu in the event of

 

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contractual breach, notwithstanding our contractual rights under the agreements described above and other inter-company agreements entered into from time to time.

Sohu will control the outcome of shareholder actions in our company.

Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are entitled to 10 votes per share. We will issue Class A ordinary shares represented by our ADSs in this offering and Sohu holds Class B ordinary shares. Upon completion of this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option, Sohu will hold 70.7% of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares, and will control 81.5% of the total voting power of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares due to the additional voting power of the Class B ordinary shares it holds. Sohu has advised us that it does not anticipate disposing of its voting control in us in the near future. Sohu’s voting power gives it the power to control actions that require shareholder approval under Cayman Islands law, our memorandum and articles of association and NASDAQ requirements, including the election and removal of any member of our board of directors, significant mergers and acquisitions and other business combinations, changes to our memorandum and articles of association, the number of shares available for issuance under share incentive plans, and the issuance of significant amounts of our ordinary shares in private placements. Due to the disparate voting powers attached to the two classes of our ordinary shares, Sohu will have sufficient voting power to determine the outcome of all matters requiring shareholder approval even if it should, at some point in the future, hold considerably less than a majority of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares.

Sohu’s voting control may cause transactions to occur that might not be beneficial to you as a holder of ADSs, and may prevent transactions that would be beneficial to you. For example, Sohu’s voting control may prevent a transaction involving a change of control of us, including transactions in which you as a holder of our ADSs might otherwise receive a premium for your securities over the then-current market price. In addition, Sohu is not prohibited from selling a controlling interest in us to a third party and may do so without your approval and without providing for a purchase of your ADSs. If Sohu is acquired or otherwise undergoes a change of control, any acquiror or successor will be entitled to exercise the voting control and contractual rights of Sohu, and may do so in a manner that could vary significantly from that of Sohu.

We may have conflicts of interest with Sohu and, because of Sohu’s controlling ownership interest in our company, may not be able to resolve such conflicts on favorable terms for us.

Conflicts of interest may arise between Sohu and us in a number of areas relating to our past and ongoing relationships. Potential conflicts of interest that we have identified include the following:

 

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Indemnification arrangements with Sohu.     We have agreed to indemnify Sohu with respect to lawsuits and other matters relating to our MMORPG business, including operations of that business when it was a business unit of Sohu prior to the carve-out transactions. These indemnification arrangements could result in our having interests that are adverse to those of Sohu, for example different interests with respect to settlement arrangements in a litigation matter. In addition, under these arrangements, we agreed to reimburse Sohu for liabilities incurred (including legal defense costs) in connection with litigation, while Sohu will be the party prosecuting or defending the litigation.

 

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Non-competition arrangements with Sohu .     We and Sohu have each agreed not to compete with the core business of each other. Sohu has agreed not to compete with us in the MMORPG business anywhere in the world. We have agreed not to compete with Sohu in the Internet portal, search, mobile value-added services, games business and any other businesses, except MMORPGs and related support services, conducted or contemplated to be conducted by Sohu as of the date of this

 

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prospectus. Sohu can continue to provide links to MMORPGs and other games, including to those of our competitors, on its 17173.com website.

 

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Employee recruiting and retention.     Because both Sohu and we operate primarily in Beijing, and both Sohu and we are engaged in online game development and operation, we may compete with Sohu in the hiring of new employees, in particular with respect to software development. We have a non-solicitation arrangement with Sohu that would restrict either Sohu or us from hiring any of the other’s employees.

 

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Our board members or executive officers may have conflicts of interest.     Dr. Charles Zhang, who will be our Chairman of the Board, is currently also serving as Sohu’s Chairman and Chief Executive Officer. Each of our board members and executive officers also owns shares, restricted share units and/or options in Sohu. Sohu may continue to grant incentive share compensation to our board members and executive officers from time to time. These relationships could create, or appear to create, conflicts of interest when these persons are faced with decisions with potentially different implications for Sohu and us.

 

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Sale of shares in our company.     Sohu may decide to sell all or a portion of our shares that it holds to a third party, including to one of our competitors, thereby giving that third party substantial influence over our business and our affairs. Such a sale could be contrary to the interests of certain of our shareholders, including our employees or our public shareholders.

 

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Allocation of business opportunities.      Business opportunities may arise that both we and Sohu find attractive, and which would complement our respective businesses. Sohu may decide to take the opportunities itself, which would prevent us from taking advantage of the opportunity ourselves.

 

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Developing business relationships with Sohu’s competitors.     So long as Sohu remains as our controlling shareholder, we may be limited in our ability to do business with its competitors, such as other Internet portals in China. This may limit the effectiveness of our online advertisement for the best interest of our company and our other shareholders.

Although our company is a separate, stand-alone entity, we expect to operate, for as long as Sohu is our controlling shareholder, as a part of the Sohu Group. Sohu may from time to time make strategic decisions that it believes are in the best interests of its business as a whole, including our company. These decisions may be different from the decisions that we would have made on our own. Sohu’s decisions with respect to us or our business may be resolved in ways that favor Sohu and therefore Sohu’s own shareholders, which may not coincide with the interests of our other shareholders. We may not be able to resolve any potential conflicts, and even if we do so, the resolution may be less favorable to us than if we were dealing with an unaffiliated shareholder. Even if both parties seek to transact business on terms intended to approximate those that could have been achieved among unaffiliated parties, this may not succeed in practice.

Risks Related to Doing Business in China

Adverse changes in political and economic policies of the PRC government could have a material and adverse effect on the overall economic growth of China, which could reduce the demand for our products.

Most of our business operations are conducted in China and most of our revenues are generated in China. Accordingly, our business, financial condition, results of operations and prospects are affected significantly by economic, political and legal developments in China. The Chinese economy differs from the economies of most developed countries in many respects, including the amount of government involvement, the level of development, the growth rate, the control of foreign exchange, and the allocation of resources.

While the Chinese economy has grown significantly in the past 30 years, the growth has been uneven geographically among various sectors of the economy, and during different periods. We cannot assure you that

 

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the Chinese economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will not have a negative effect on our business. For example, the Chinese economy experienced high inflation in the second half of 2007 and the first half of 2008. China’s consumer price index soared 7.9% during the six months ended June 30, 2008 as compared to the same period in 2007. To combat inflation and prevent the economy from overheating, the PRC government adopted a number of tightening macroeconomic measures and monetary policies, including increasing interest rates, raising statutory reserve rates for banks and controlling bank lending to certain industries or economic sectors. However, due in part to the impact of the global crisis in financial services and credit markets and other factors, the growth rate of China’s gross domestic product has decreased to 6.8% in the fourth quarter of 2008, down from 11.9% reached in the second quarter of 2007. As a result, beginning in September 2008, among other measures, the PRC government began to loosen macroeconomic measures and monetary policies by reducing interest rates and decreasing the statutory reserve rates for banks. In addition, in November 2008 the PRC government announced an economic stimulus package in the amount of $586 billion. We cannot assure you that the various macroeconomic measures, monetary policies and economic stimulus package adopted by the PRC government to guide economic growth and the allocation of resources will be effective in sustaining the fast growth rate of the Chinese economy. In addition, such measures, even if they benefit the overall Chinese economy in the long-term, may adversely affect us if they reduce the disposable income of our game players.

Uncertainties with respect to the Chinese legal system could have a material adverse effect on us.

We conduct substantially all of our operations through AmazGame and Gamease, companies established in the PRC. AmazGame is generally subject to laws and regulations applicable to foreign investment in China and, in particular, laws applicable to wholly foreign-owned enterprises. The PRC legal system is based on written statutes. Prior court decisions may be cited for reference but have limited precedential value. Since 1979, PRC legislation and regulations have significantly enhanced the protections afforded to various forms of foreign investments in China. However, since these laws and regulations are relatively new and the PRC legal system continues to rapidly evolve, the interpretations of many laws, regulations and rules are not always uniform and enforcement of these laws, regulations and rules involves uncertainties. We cannot predict the effect of future developments in the PRC legal system, including the promulgation of new laws, changes to existing laws or the interpretation or enforcement thereof, the preemption of local regulations by national laws, or the overturn of local government’s decisions by the higher level government. These uncertainties may limit legal protections available to us. In addition, any litigation in China may be protracted and result in substantial costs and diversion of resources and management attention.

Contract drafting, interpretation and enforcement in China involves significant uncertainty.

We have entered into numerous contracts governed by PRC law, many of which are material to our business. As compared with contracts in the United States, contracts governed by PRC law tend to contain less detail and are not as comprehensive in defining contracting parties’ rights and obligations. As a result, contracts in China are more vulnerable to disputes and legal challenges. In addition, contract interpretation and enforcement in China is not as developed as in the United States, and the result of any contract dispute is subject to significant uncertainties. Therefore, we cannot assure you that we will not be subject to disputes under our material contracts, and if such disputes arise, we cannot assure you that we will prevail. Due to the materiality of certain contracts to our business, such as our license agreements with Louis Cha regarding our rights to develop and operate TLBB and DMD, any dispute involving such contracts, even without merit, may materially and adversely affect our reputation and our business operations, and may cause the price of our ADSs to decline.

 

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There are significant uncertainties under the new corporate income tax law of the PRC, or the New CIT Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008, regarding our PRC enterprise income tax liabilities, such as tax on dividends paid to us by our PRC subsidiary. The New CIT Law also contains uncertainties regarding possible PRC withholding tax on dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders and gains realized from the transfer of our shares by our overseas shareholders.

We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, which indirectly holds, through Changyou.com HK Limited, or Changyou HK, our equity interest in AmazGame, our subsidiary in the PRC. Our business operations are principally conducted through AmazGame and Gamease, our VIE controlled by AmazGame. The New CIT Law and its implementation rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, provide that China-sourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 10%, unless there are applicable treaties that reduce such rate. Under a special arrangement between China and Hong Kong, such dividend withholding tax rate is reduced to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. As Changyou HK is a Hong Kong company and owns 100% of AmazGame, under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that AmazGame pays Changyou HK will be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5%, provided that Changyou HK and we are not considered to be PRC tax resident enterprises as described below.

Under the New CIT Law, enterprises established under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies” located within China may be considered to be PRC tax resident enterprises for tax purposes. A substantial majority of the members of our management team as well as the management team of Changyou HK are located in China. If we or Changyou HK is considered as a PRC tax resident enterprise under the above definition, then our global income will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25%.

Furthermore, the implementation rules of the New CIT Law provide that, (i) if the enterprise that distributes dividends is domiciled in the PRC, or (ii) if gains are realized from transferring equity interests of enterprises domiciled in the PRC, then such dividends or capital gains are treated as China-sourced income. It is not clear how “domicile” may be interpreted under the New CIT Law, and it may be interpreted as the jurisdiction where the enterprise is a tax resident. Therefore, if we and Changyou HK are considered as a PRC tax resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders or ADS holders as well as gains realized by such shareholders or ADS holders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result be subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to 10%. For example, if we are considered a PRC tax resident enterprise, then, with respect to the cash dividend that we intend to declare to Sohu.com (Game) Limited in the amount of $96.8 million prior to the completion of this offering, we may be required to withhold up to $10.0 million in PRC withholding taxes. We intend to take the position that any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders or ADS holders will not be subject to a withholding tax in the PRC.

As the New CIT Law and the implementation rules have only recently taken effect, it is uncertain as to how they will be implemented by the relevant PRC tax authorities. If dividend payments from AmazGame to Changyou HK and from Changyou HK to us are subject to PRC withholding tax, our financial condition, results of operations and the amount of dividends available to pay our shareholders may be adversely affected. If dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders or ADS holders or gains realized by such shareholders or ADS holders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs are subject to PRC withholding tax, it may materially and adversely affect your investment return and the value of your investment in us.

 

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Our PRC subsidiary and VIE are qualified as “software enterprises” and enjoy tax benefits under the New CIT Law. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to continue to enjoy such tax benefits. If our status as a “software enterprise” is repealed, we may have to pay additional taxes to make up any previously unpaid tax and may be subject to a higher tax rate, which may materially and adversely affect our results of operations.

The New CIT Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008, applies a uniform statutory income tax rate of 25% to enterprises in China. The New CIT Law and implementation rules promulgated under the New CIT Law provide that “software enterprises” enjoy an income tax exemption for two years beginning with their first profitable year and a 50% tax reduction to a rate of 12.5% for the subsequent three years. Both AmazGame and Gamease have been qualified as “software enterprises” and we were informed by such bureau that both AmazGame and Gamease will be subject to 0% income tax rate for the full year 2008 and a 50% tax reduction for the following three years. In accordance with the administrative requirements of the relevant tax authorities, both AmazGame and Gamease prepaid PRC income tax at the statutory rate of 25% for the first three quarters of 2008, which amounted to $18.9 million. We were not required to prepay income tax for the fourth quarter of 2008. In January 2009, we received a full refund of such prepaid income tax from the relevant tax authorities.

As the New CIT Law and its implementation rules have only recently taken effect, there are uncertainties on their future interpretation and implementation. We cannot assure you that the qualification of AmazGame and Gamease as “software enterprises” by the relevant tax authority will not be challenged in the future by their supervising authorities and be repealed, or that there will not be future implementation rules that are inconsistent with current interpretation of the New CIT Law. If the tax benefits AmazGame and Gamease enjoy as a “software enterprises” are revoked, and we are otherwise unable to qualify AmazGame and Gamease for other income tax exemptions or reductions, our effective income tax rate will increase significantly. In addition, we may have to pay additional taxes to make up any previously unpaid tax. As a result, our results of operations could be materially and adversely affected.

To fund any cash requirements we may have, we may need to rely on dividends, loans or advances made by our PRC subsidiary, AmazGame, which are subject to limitations and possible taxation under applicable PRC laws and regulations.

We may rely on dividends and other distributions on equity, or loans and advances made by our Chinese subsidiary, AmazGame, to fund any cash requirements we may have, including the funds necessary to pay dividends and other cash distributions, if any, to our shareholders or ADS holders, and to service any debt we may incur. The distribution of dividends and the making of loans and advances by entities organized in China are subject to limitations. Regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. AmazGame is also required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the cumulative amount of such reserves reaches 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends, loans or advances. AmazGame may also allocate a portion of its after-tax profits, as determined by its board of directors, to its staff welfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to us. In addition, if AmazGame incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.

Furthermore, under regulations of the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or the SAFE, the Renminbi is not convertible into foreign currencies for capital account items, such as loans, repatriation of investments and investments outside of China, unless the prior approval of the SAFE is obtained and prior registration with the SAFE is made.

In addition, there are uncertainties under the New CIT Law with regard to the PRC withholding tax on dividends paid by AmazGame to Changyou HK. See “—There are significant uncertainties under the new Enterprise Income Tax Law of the PRC, or the New CIT Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008,

 

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regarding our PRC enterprise income tax liabilities, such on tax on dividends paid to us by our PRC subsidiary. The New CIT Law also contains uncertainties regarding possible PRC withholding tax on dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders and gains realized from the transfer of our shares by our overseas shareholders.” Should such dividends be subject to PRC withholding tax, the amount of cash available to us for our cash needs, including for the payment of dividends to our shareholders or ADS holders, would be materially and adversely affected.

Furthermore, we control our operating entity in China, Gamease, through contractual arrangements rather than equity ownership. AmazGame entered into Technology Support and Utilization Agreement and Operation and Maintenance Agreement with Gamease, pursuant to which Gamease will pay AmazGame for the services AmazGame provides to Gamease. See “Our History and Corporate Structure.” To the extent that there is any distributable profit in Gamease, it may be difficult for Gamease to distribute such profit to AmazGame, which may further limit the amount that AmazGame can distribute to us.

We may be required to obtain prior approval of the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, of the listing and trading of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Global Select Market.

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory authorities, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the New M&A Rules, which became effective on September 8, 2006. This regulation, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, the CSRC published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear.

Our PRC legal counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, is of the opinion that prior CSRC approval for this offering is not required because (i) AmazGame was incorporated by a foreign owned enterprise, and there was no acquisition of the equity or assets of a “PRC domestic company” as such term is defined under the New M&A Rules; and (ii) there is no provision in the New M&A Rules that clearly classifies the contractual arrangements between AmazGame and Gamease as a kind of transaction falling under the New M&A Rules. As a result we did not seek prior CSRC approval for this offering. However, we cannot assure you that the relevant PRC government authorities, including the CSRC, will reach the same conclusion as our PRC legal counsel. If the CSRC or other relevant PRC government authorities subsequently determine that prior CSRC approval is required, we may face regulatory actions or other sanctions from the CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities. These regulatory authorities may impose fines and penalties on our operations in the PRC, limit our operating privileges in the PRC, delay or restrict the repatriation of the proceeds from this offering into the PRC, or take other actions that could have a material adverse effect on our business, as well as the trading price of our ADSs. The CSRC or other PRC regulatory authorities may also take actions requiring us, or making it advisable for us, to halt this offering before settlement and delivery of the ADSs offered by this prospectus. Consequently, if you engage in market trading or other activities in anticipation of and prior to settlement and delivery, you do so at the risk that settlement and delivery may not occur.

Fluctuation in the value of the Renminbi may have a material adverse effect on your investment.

The change in value of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar, Euro and other currencies is affected by, among other things, changes in China’s political and economic conditions. On July 21, 2005, the PRC government changed its decade-old policy of pegging the value of the Renminbi to the U.S. dollar. Under the

 

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policy, the Renminbi is permitted to fluctuate within a narrow and managed band against a basket of certain foreign currencies. This change in policy has resulted in an approximately 21.3% appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar between July 21, 2005 and December 31, 2008. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, as amended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. While the international reaction to the Renminbi revaluation has generally been positive, there remains significant international pressure on the PRC government to adopt an even more flexible currency policy, which could result in a further and more significant appreciation of the Renminbi against the U.S. dollar. As substantially all of our costs and expenses are denominated in Renminbi, the revision in exchange rate policy effected in July 2005 has increased, and potential future revisions could further increase, our costs and expenses in U.S. dollar terms. Our proceeds from overseas financing, such as this offering, will decrease in value if we choose not to or are unable to convert the proceeds of this offering into Renminbi and the Renminbi appreciates against the U.S. dollar, which may reduce the value of your investment.

Recent regulations relating to offshore investment activities by PRC residents may limit our ability to acquire PRC companies and could adversely affect our business.

In October 2005, SAFE promulgated Relevant Issues Concerning Foreign Exchange Control on Domestic Residents’ Corporate Financing and Roundtrip Investment Through Offshore Special Purpose Vehicles, or Circular 75, that states that if PRC residents use assets or equity interests in their PRC entities as capital contributions to establish offshore companies or inject assets or equity interests of their PRC entities into offshore companies to raise capital overseas, they must register with local SAFE branches with respect to their overseas investments in offshore companies. They must also file amendments to their registrations if their offshore companies experience material events involving capital variation, such as changes in share capital, share transfers, mergers and acquisitions, spin-off transactions, long-term equity or debt investments or uses of assets in China to guarantee offshore obligations. Under this regulation, their failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in such regulation may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant PRC entity, including the payment of dividends and other distributions to its offshore parent, as well as restrictions on the capital inflow from the offshore entity to the PRC entity.

We have requested our shareholders who are PRC residents to make the necessary applications, filings and amendments as required under Circular 75 and other related rules. We attempt to comply, and attempt to ensure that our shareholders who are subject to these rules comply, with the relevant requirements. However, we cannot provide any assurances that all of our shareholders who are PRC residents will comply with our request to make or obtain any applicable registrations or comply with other requirements required by Circular 75 or other related rules. Any future failure by any of our shareholders who is a PRC resident, or controlled by a PRC resident, to comply with relevant requirements under this regulation could subject us to fines or sanctions imposed by the PRC government, including restrictions on AmazGame’s ability to pay dividends or make distributions to us and our ability to increase our investment in AmazGame.

SAFE rules and regulations may limit our ability to transfer the net proceeds from this offering to Gamease, our VIE in the PRC, which may adversely affect the business expansion of Gamease, and we may not be able to convert the net proceeds from this offering into Renminbi to invest in or acquire any other PRC companies, or establish other VIEs in the PRC.

On August 29, 2008, SAFE promulgated Circular 142, a notice regulating the conversion by a foreign-invested company of foreign currency into Renminbi by restricting how the converted Renminbi may be used. The notice requires that the registered capital of a foreign-invested company settled in Renminbi converted from foreign currencies may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC. In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the registered capital of a foreign-invested company settled in Renminbi converted from foreign currencies. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval, and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans if the proceeds of such loans have

 

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not been used. Violations of Circular 142 will result in severe penalties, such as heavy fines. As a result, Circular 142 may significantly limit our ability to transfer the net proceeds from this offering to Gamease through our subsidiary in the PRC, which may adversely affect the business expansion of Gamease, and we may not be able to convert the net proceeds from this offering into Renminbi to invest in or acquire any other PRC companies, or establish other VIEs in the PRC.

We may be subject to fines and legal sanctions if we or our employees who are PRC citizens fail to comply with recent PRC regulations relating to employee stock options granted by overseas listed companies to PRC citizens.

On December 25, 2006, the PBOC issued the Administration Measures on Individual Foreign Exchange Control, and its Implementation Rules were issued by SAFE on January 5, 2007, which both have taken effect on February 1, 2007. Under these regulations, all foreign exchange matters involved in an employee stock holding plan, stock option plan or similar plan in which PRC citizens’ participation requires approval from the SAFE or its authorized branch. On March 28, 2007, SAFE promulgated the Application Procedure of Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Employee Stock Holding Plan or Stock Option Plan of Overseas-Listed Company, or the Stock Option Rule. Under the Stock Option Rule, PRC citizens who are granted stock options or restricted share units, or issued restricted shares by an overseas publicly listed company are required, through a PRC agent or PRC subsidiary of such overseas publicly-listed company, to complete certain other procedures and transactional foreign exchange matters upon the examination by, and approval of, SAFE. We and our employees who are PRC citizens who have been granted stock options or restricted share units, or issued restricted shares are subject to the Stock Option Rule. However, currently, SAFE does not accept applications made by non-listed companies. As a result, we have not made such application. If the relevant PRC regulatory authority determines that our PRC employees who hold such options, restricted share units or restricted shares or their PRC employer fail to comply with these regulations after our listing, such employees and their PRC employer may be subject to fines and legal sanctions.

Risks Related to Our Class A Ordinary Shares and ADSs

We are a Cayman Islands company and, because judicial precedent regarding the rights of shareholders is more limited under Cayman Islands law than that under U.S. law, our shareholders may have less protection for their shareholder rights than they would under U.S. law.

Our corporate affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association, the Cayman Islands Companies Law and the common law of the Cayman Islands. The rights of shareholders to take action against our directors, actions by minority shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors to us under Cayman Islands law are to a large extent governed by the common law of the Cayman Islands. The common law of the Cayman Islands is derived in part from comparatively limited judicial precedent in the Cayman Islands as well as from English common law, which has persuasive, but not binding, authority on a court in the Cayman Islands. The rights of our shareholders and the fiduciary responsibilities of our directors under Cayman Islands law are not as clearly established as they would be under statutes or judicial precedent in some jurisdictions in the United States. In particular, the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws.

You may have difficulty enforcing judgments obtained against us.

We are a Cayman Islands company and all of our assets are located outside of the United States. Substantially all of our current operations are conducted in the PRC. In addition, all of our directors and executive officers are nationals and residents of countries other than the United States. A substantial portion of the assets of these persons are located outside the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for you to effect service of process within the United States upon these persons. It may also be difficult for you to enforce in Cayman Islands courts or PRC courts judgments obtained in U.S. courts based on the civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal securities laws against us and our officers and directors, most of whom are not residents in the United States and the substantial majority of whose assets are located outside of the United States. In addition,

 

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there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands or the PRC would recognize or enforce judgments. See “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities.”

We will be a “controlled company” within the meaning of the NASDAQ Stock Market’s Marketplace Rules and, as a result, will rely on exemptions from certain corporate governance requirements that provide protection to shareholders of other companies.

After the completion of this offering, Sohu will own more than 50% of the total voting power of our ordinary shares and we will be a “controlled company” under the NASDAQ Stock Market’s Marketplace Rules. We intend to rely on certain exemptions that are available to controlled companies from NASDAQ corporate governance requirements, including the requirements:

 

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that a majority of our board of directors consist of independent directors;

 

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that we have a corporate governance and nominating committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities;

 

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that we have a compensation committee that is composed entirely of independent directors with a written charter addressing the committee’s purpose and responsibilities; and

 

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for an annual performance evaluation of the nominating and governance committee and compensation committee.

We are not required to and will not voluntarily meet these requirements. As a result of our use of the “controlled company” exemptions, you will not have the same protection afforded to shareholders of companies that are subject to all of NASDAQ’s corporate governance requirements.

The market price for our ADSs may be subject to wide fluctuations and our securities may trade below the initial public offering price.

The initial public offering price of our ADSs will be determined by negotiations between Sohu, us and representatives of the underwriters, based on numerous factors we discuss under “Underwriting.” This price may not be indicative of the market price of our ADSs after this offering. We cannot assure you that you will be able to resell your ADSs at or above the initial public offering price or our net asset value. The securities of a number of Chinese companies and companies with substantial operations in China have also experienced wide fluctuations subsequent to their initial public offerings, including trading at prices substantially below the initial public offering prices. Among the factors that could affect the price of our ADSs are risk factors described in this section and other factors, including:

 

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announcements of competitive developments, including new games by our competitors;

 

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regulatory developments in our target markets affecting us, our customers or our competitors;

 

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actual or anticipated fluctuations in our quarterly operating results;

 

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failure of our quarterly financial and operating results to meet market expectations or failure to meet our previously announced guidance;

 

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changes in financial estimates by securities research analysts;

 

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changes in the economic performance or market valuations of other Internet or online game companies;

 

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additions or departures of our executive officers and other key personnel;

 

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announcements regarding intellectual property litigation (or potential litigation) involving us or any of our directors and officers;

 

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fluctuations in the exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and the Renminbi;

 

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  Ÿ  

release or expiration of the underwriters’ post-offering lock-up or other transfer restrictions on our outstanding ordinary shares and ADSs; and

 

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sales or perceived sales of additional shares or ADSs.

In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are not related to the operating performance of particular industries or companies. For example, the capital and credit markets have been experiencing volatility and disruption for more than 12 months. Starting in September 2008, the volatility and disruption have reached extreme levels, developing into a global crisis. As a result, stock prices of a broad range of companies worldwide, whether or not they are related to financial services, have declined significantly. These market fluctuations may also have a material adverse effect on the market price of our ADSs.

Holders of our ADSs may be subject to limitations on transfer of their ADSs.

Your ADSs are transferable on the books of the depositary. However, the depositary may close its transfer books at any time or from time to time when it deems expedient in connection with the performance of its duties. In addition, the depositary may refuse to deliver, transfer or register transfers of ADSs generally when our books or the books of the depositary are closed, or at any time if we or the depositary deem it advisable to do so because of any requirement of law or of any government or governmental body, or under any provision of the Deposit Agreement, or for any other reason.

We have considerable discretion in the use of proceeds from this offering and we may use these proceeds in ways with which you may not agree.

We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures and funding possible future acquisitions. We have not allocated the net proceeds of this offering to any particular project or acquisition. Rather, our board of directors and our management will have considerable discretion in the application of the net proceeds received by us. You will not have the opportunity, as part of your investment decision, to assess whether proceeds are being used appropriately. You must rely on the judgment of our board of directors and our management regarding the application of the net proceeds of this offering. The net proceeds may be used for corporate purposes that do not improve our efforts to maintain profitability or increase our ADS price. The net proceeds from this offering may be placed in investments that do not produce income or that lose value.

There has been no public market for our ordinary shares or ADSs prior to this offering, and you may not be able to resell our ADSs at or above the price you paid, or at all.

Prior to this initial public offering, there has been no public market for our ordinary shares or ADSs. With the exception of the listing of our ADSs on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, our ordinary shares and ADSs will not be listed or quoted for trading on any exchange. If an active trading market for our ADSs does not develop after this offering, the market price and liquidity of our ADSs will be materially and adversely affected.

The initial public offering price for our ADSs will be determined by negotiations between Sohu, us and representatives of the underwriters and may bear no relationship to the market price for our ADSs after the initial public offering. We cannot assure you that an active trading market for our ADSs will develop or that the market price of our ADSs will not decline below the initial public offering price.

Holders of ADSs have limited voting rights and you may not receive voting materials in time to be able to exercise your right to vote.

Except as described in this prospectus and in the Deposit Agreement, holders of our ADSs will not be able to exercise voting rights attaching to the shares represented by our ADSs on an individual basis. Holders of

 

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our ADSs may instruct the depositary how to exercise the voting rights attaching to the shares represented by the ADSs. You may not receive voting materials in time to instruct the depositary to vote, and it is possible that you, or persons who hold their ADSs through brokers, dealers or other third parties, will not have the opportunity to exercise a right to vote. In addition, due to the different voting powers attached to the two classes of our ordinary shares, our existing shareholders, including our controlling shareholder, Sohu, our Chief Executive Officer, or CEO, Tao Wang, and certain of our directors, officers and key employees, all of which hold our Class B ordinary shares, will control 98.3% of the combined total voting power of our ordinary shares, assuming the underwriters’ over-allotment option is not exercised. As a result, your ability to affect the outcome of any matter subject to shareholder vote is very limited.

Your right to participate in any future rights offerings may be limited, which may cause dilution to your holdings and you may not receive cash dividends if it is impractical to make them available to you.

We may from time to time distribute rights to our shareholders, including rights to acquire our securities. However, we cannot make rights available to you in the United States unless we register the securities to which the rights relate under the Securities Act of 1933, or the Securities Act, or an exemption from the registration requirements is available. Also, under the Deposit Agreement, the depositary bank will not make rights available to you unless the distribution to ADS holders of both the rights and any related securities are either registered under the Securities Act or exempted from registration under the Securities Act. We are under no obligation to file a registration statement with respect to any such rights or securities or to endeavor to cause such a registration statement to be declared effective. Moreover, we may not be able to establish an exemption from registration under the Securities Act. Accordingly, you may be unable to participate in our rights offerings and may experience dilution in your holdings.

In addition, the depositary of our ADSs has agreed to pay to you the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on our ordinary shares or other deposited securities after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of ordinary shares your ADSs represent. However, the depositary may, at its discretion, decide that it is inequitable or impractical to make a distribution available to any holders of ADSs. For example, the depositary may determine that it is not practicable to distribute certain property through the mail, or that the value of certain distributions may be less than the cost of mailing them, or that the distribution requires certain governmental approval, such as requirement for registration or approval for currency conversion. In these cases, the depositary may decide not to distribute that property and you will not receive that distribution.

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution in the net tangible book value of ADSs purchased.

The initial public offering price per ADSs will be substantially higher than the net tangible book value per ADS prior to this offering. Consequently, when you purchase ADSs in the offering at an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, you will incur immediate dilution of $13.90 per ADS. See “Dilution.” In addition, you may experience further dilution to the extent that additional Class A ordinary shares are issued upon settlement of restricted share units or exercise of outstanding options that we may grant from time to time. As of the date of this prospectus, there are 2,740,000 Class B restricted share units outstanding, with each such restricted share unit settleable upon vesting by the issuance of one Class B ordinary share, and 456,000 Class A restricted share units outstanding, with each such restricted share unit settleable upon vesting by the issuance of one Class A ordinary share.

We may need additional capital and may sell additional ADSs or other equity securities or incur indebtedness, which could result in additional dilution to our shareholders or increase our debt service obligations.

We may require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue. If our cash resources are

 

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insufficient to satisfy our cash requirements, we may seek to sell additional equity or debt securities or obtain a credit facility. The sale of additional equity securities or equity-linked debt securities could result in additional dilution to our shareholders. The incurrence of indebtedness would result in increased debt service obligations and could result in operating and financing covenants that would restrict our operations. We cannot assure you that financing will be available in amounts or on terms acceptable to us, if at all.

Substantial future sales of our ADSs or ordinary shares in the public market, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the price of our ADSs to decline.

Additional sales of our ADSs or ordinary shares in the public market after this offering, or the perception that these sales could occur, could cause the market price of our ADSs to decline. Upon completion of this offering, we will have 15,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and 87,500,000 Class B ordinary shares outstanding. All ADSs sold in this offering, other than ADSs held by persons deemed to be our “affiliates,” will be freely transferable without restriction under the Securities Act. The remaining ordinary shares outstanding after this offering will be available for sale upon the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period beginning from the date of this prospectus, subject to volume and other restrictions as applicable under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Any or all of these shares may be released prior to expiration of the lock-up period at the discretion of the lead underwriters for this offering. As of the date of this prospectus, there are 2,740,000 Class B restricted share units outstanding, with each such restricted share unit settleable upon vesting by the issuance of one Class B ordinary share, and 456,000 Class A restricted share units outstanding, with each such restricted share unit settleable upon vesting by the issuance of one Class A ordinary share. In addition, we may grant or sell additional options, restricted shares or other share-based awards in the future under our share incentive plan to our management, employees and other persons, the settlement and sale of which may further dilute our shares and drive down the price of our ADSs.

We might be classified as a passive foreign investment company, which would result in adverse U.S. federal income tax consequences to U.S. holders of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.

A non-U.S. corporation will be considered a passive foreign investment company, or PFIC, for any taxable year if either (i) at least 75% of its gross income is passive income or (ii) at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income. We expect that we will not be treated as a PFIC for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current taxable year ending December 31, 2009. Our expectation is based on our current and anticipated operations and composition of our earnings and assets (including goodwill) for the 2009 taxable year, including the current and expected valuation of our assets based on the expected price of our ADSs in the offering. However, we currently hold, and expect to continue to hold following this offering, a substantial amount of cash and the value of our other assets may be based in part on the market price of our ADSs, which is likely to fluctuate after this offering (and may fluctuate considerably given that market prices of Internet and online game companies historically have been especially volatile). Furthermore, it is not entirely clear how the contractual arrangements between us and our consolidated variable interest entity will be treated for purposes of the PFIC rules. In addition, our actual PFIC status for any taxable year will not be determinable until the close of such taxable year. Accordingly, there is no guarantee that we will not be a PFIC for any taxable year. PFIC status depends on the composition of our assets and income and the value of our assets (including, among others, a pro rata portion of the income and assets of each subsidiary in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the equity interest) from time to time. If we were treated as a PFIC for any taxable year during which a United States holder held an ADS or a Class A ordinary share, certain adverse United States federal income tax consequences could apply to the United States holder. See “Taxation—United States Federal Income Taxation—Passive Foreign Investment Company.”

 

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SPECIAL NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

We make “forward-looking statements” in the “Summary,” “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Business” sections and elsewhere throughout this prospectus. Whenever you read a statement that is not simply a statement of historical fact (such as when we describe what we “believe,” “expect” or “anticipate” will occur, and other similar statements), you must remember that our expectations may not be correct, even though we believe that they are reasonable. We do not guarantee that the transactions and events described in this prospectus will happen as described or that they will happen at all. You should read this prospectus completely and with the understanding that actual future results may be materially different from what we expect. The forward-looking statements made in this prospectus relate only to events as of the date on which the statements are made. We undertake no obligation, beyond that required by law, to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which the statement is made, even though our situation will change in the future.

Whether actual results will conform with our expectations and predictions is subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond our control, and reflect future business decisions that are subject to change. Some of the assumptions, future results and levels of performance expressed or implied in the forward-looking statements we make inevitably will not materialize, and unanticipated events may occur which will affect our results.

These forward-looking statements include:

 

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our ability to maintain and strengthen our position as a leading online game developer and operator in China;

 

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our expected development, launch and market acceptance of additional MMORPGs;

 

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our various initiatives to implement our business strategies to expand our business through organic growth and strategic acquisitions;

 

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our future business development, results of operations and financial condition;

 

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our planned use of proceeds;

 

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the expected growth of and change in the online game industry in China; and

 

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the PRC government policies relating to the Internet and Internet content providers, including online game developers and operators.

This prospectus also contains data related to the online game market in China. This market data, including market data from IDC, include projections that are based on a number of assumptions. The online game market may not grow at the rates projected by the market data, or at all. The failure of the market to grow at the projected rates may materially and adversely affect our business and the market price of our ADSs. In addition, the rapidly changing nature of the online game market subjects any projections or estimates relating to the growth prospects or future condition of our market to significant uncertainties. If any one or more of the assumptions underlying the market data prove to be incorrect, actual results may differ from the projections based on these assumptions. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that we will receive net proceeds for this offering in the amount of approximately $48.3 million, after deducting the estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, and based upon an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per ADS (the mid-point of the estimated initial public offering price range shown on the front cover of this prospectus). Assuming the number of ADSs offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus remains the same, a $1.00 increase (decrease) in the assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per ADS would, in the case of an increase, increase, and in the case of a decrease, decrease the net proceeds of this offering by approximately $3.5 million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and the estimated offering expenses payable by us.

The primary purposes of this offering are to create a public market for our Class A ordinary shares for the benefit of all shareholders, retain talented employees by providing them with equity incentives and obtain additional capital. We intend to use the net proceeds from this offering for general corporate purposes, including capital expenditures and funding possible future acquisitions.

We have not yet determined all of our anticipated expenditures and therefore cannot estimate the amounts to be used for each of the purposes discussed above. The amounts and timing of any expenditure will vary depending on the amount of cash generated by our operations, and the competitiveness and growth rate of our business. Accordingly, our management will have significant flexibility in applying the net proceeds we receive from this offering. Depending on future events and other changes in the business climate, we may determine at a later time to use the net proceeds for different purposes. Pending their use, we intend to invest our net proceeds in short-term, interest-bearing debt instruments or bank deposits.

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of ADSs by the selling shareholder.

 

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DIVIDEND POLICY

AmazGame has declared a cash dividend payable to Changyou HK in the amount of $101.8 million, which, after the deduction of a withholding tax payable to the PRC tax authorities at the rate of 5.0% of the portion of such dividend that AmazGame derived from its 2008 net income, amounted to a net of $96.8 million. The payment of this dividend to Changyou HK is subject to our receiving approval from the relevant PRC regulatory authorities. Changyou HK intends to declare this $96.8 million dividend that it will receive from AmazGame as a dividend payable to us, which amount we intend to declare prior to the completion of this offering as a dividend payable to Sohu.com (Game) Limited. We expect to pay this dividend to Sohu.com (Game) Limited as soon as practicable after we receive required PRC approvals. Our only other existing shareholder, Prominence Investments Ltd., a British Virgin Islands company beneficially owned by Tao Wang, our CEO, is not entitled to participate in this dividend, as Prominence Investments Ltd. agreed in the subscription agreement with regard to the Class B ordinary shares issued to it that it will not be entitled to participate in the distribution of any dividend declared or paid by us prior to the closing of this offering. The purchasers of the ADSs in this offering also are not entitled to participate in this dividend.

Distribution of other cash dividends, if any, will be at the discretion of our board of directors and will depend on our future operations and earnings, capital requirements and surplus, general financial conditions, shareholders’ interests, contractual restrictions and other factors as our board of directors may deem relevant. We can pay dividends only out of profits or other distributable reserves. If we pay any dividends, we will pay our ADS holders to the same extent as holders of our ordinary shares, subject to the terms of the Deposit Agreement, including the fees and expenses payable thereunder. See “Description of American Depositary Shares.” Cash dividends, if any, on our ordinary shares will be paid in U.S. dollars. We currently intend to retain all of our available funds and any future earnings to operate and expand our business. If we are considered a PRC tax resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders or ADS holders may be regarded as China-sourced income and as a result may be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of up to 10%. See “Taxation—PRC Taxation.”

We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands. In order for us to distribute any dividends to our shareholders and ADS holders, we will rely on payments made from our VIE to AmazGame, our subsidiary in China, pursuant to contractual arrangements between them, and the distribution of such payments to us as dividends from AmazGame. Certain payments from our VIE to AmazGame are subject to PRC taxes, including business taxes and VAT. In addition, regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends of a PRC company, such as AmazGame, only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. AmazGame is also required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the cumulative amount reaches 50% of its registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends. AmazGame may also allocate a portion of its after-tax profits, as determined by its board of directors, to its staff welfare and bonus funds which may not be distributed to us. In addition, if AmazGame incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us. Any dividends paid by AmazGame to its immediate holding company, Changyou HK, will be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5.0%, provided Changyou HK is not considered to be a PRC tax resident enterprise.

Under the laws of the Cayman Islands, the only reserve that is expressly permitted by statute to be distributable is the share premium account, which is a reserve account that represents the consideration paid on the issuance of a share that is in excess of its par value.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization, as of December 31, 2008:

 

  Ÿ  

on an actual basis;

 

  Ÿ  

on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to (i) our intended declaration prior to the completion of this offering of a cash dividend in the amount of $96.8 million payable to Sohu.com (Game) Limited, (ii) the conversion of 7,500,000 Class B ordinary shares held by the selling shareholder to 7,500,000 Class A ordinary shares, and (iii) the issuance and sale of 3,750,000 ADSs, representing 7,500,000 Class A ordinary shares, by us in this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per ADS, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us and assuming no other change to the number of ADSs sold by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.

You should read this table together with our financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus and the information under “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

     As of December 31, 2008  
         Actual         Pro Forma
    as Adjusted    
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Shareholders’ equity (1) :

    

Ordinary shares: par value $0.01 per share, 297,740,000 authorized:

    

200,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, none of which are issued and outstanding

   —       150  

97,740,000 Class B ordinary shares, 95,000,000 of which are issued and outstanding

   950     875  

Distribution in excess of paid-in capital, actual, and additional paid-in capital pro forma as adjusted

   (4,059 )   44,151  

Statutory reserves

   5,748     5,748  

Receivables from shareholders

   (30 )   (30 )

Retained earnings

   101,454     4,654  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

   631     631  
            

Total shareholders’ equity

   104,694     56,179  
            

Total capitalization

   104,694     56,179  
            

 

(1)   Ordinary shares outstanding do not include ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of restricted share units.

 

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DILUTION

If you invest in our ADSs, your interest will be diluted to the extent of the difference between the initial public offering price per ADS and our net tangible book value per ADS after this offering. Dilution results from the fact that the initial public offering price per Class A ordinary share is substantially in excess of the net tangible book value per ordinary share attributable to the existing shareholders for our currently outstanding ordinary shares.

Net tangible book value represents the amount of our total consolidated tangible assets, minus the amount of our total consolidated liabilities. When we offer our ordinary shares at a price higher than our net tangible book value per ordinary share, the amount of resulting dilution is determined by subtracting net tangible book value per ordinary share from the initial public offering price per ordinary share. Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2008 was approximately $104.6 million, or $1.10 per ordinary share and $2.20 per ADS. Our pro forma net tangible book value of approximately $7.8 million, or $0.08 per ordinary share and $0.16 per ADS as of December 31, 2008 represents our net tangible book value as of that date as adjusted to reflect the cash dividend of $96.8 million that we intend to declare prior to the completion of this offering, that will be payable solely to Sohu.com (Game) Limited as if it had been declared and payable prior to December 31, 2008. See “Dividend Policy” and Note 19 to our consolidated financial statements.

Without taking into account any other changes in our pro forma net tangible book value after December 31, 2008 other than to give effect to the issuance and sale by us in this offering of 3,750,000 ADSs, representing 7,500,000 Class A ordinary shares, assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per ADS, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts, commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us, our pro forma as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2008 would be $56.1 million or $0.55 per ordinary share and $1.10 per ADS. This represents an immediate increase in pro forma net tangible book value of $0.47 per ordinary share to the existing shareholders, and an immediate dilution of $6.95 per ordinary share and $13.90 per ADS, to investors purchasing ADSs in this offering. The following table illustrates this dilution:

 

     Per Ordinary
Share
   Per ADS

Estimated public offering price

   $ 7.50    $ 15.00

Pro forma net tangible book value as of December 31, 2008

   $ 0.08    $ 0.16

Pro forma adjusted net tangible book value after giving effect to this offering

   $ 0.55    $ 1.10

Amount of dilution in pro forma net tangible book value to new investors in this offering

   $ 6.95    $ 13.90

A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per ADS would increase or decrease our adjusted net tangible book value after giving effect to this offering in each case by $3.5 million, or by $0.03 per ordinary share or $0.07 per ADS, assuming no change to the number of ADSs offered by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, and after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and other expenses of this offering. The adjusted information discussed above is illustrative only. Our adjusted net tangible book value following the completion of this offering is subject to adjustments based on the actual initial public offering price of our ADSs and other terms of this offering determined at pricing.

 

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The following table summarizes, on an as adjusted basis as of December 31, 2008, the differences between existing shareholders and the new investors with respect to the number of ordinary shares (in the form of ADSs or shares) purchased from us, the total consideration paid and the average price per ordinary share at an assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per ADS, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price per ADS, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses payable by us.

 

     Ordinary Shares
Purchased
    Total Consideration     Average
Price Per
Ordinary
Share
   Average
Price Per
ADS
     Number    Percent     Amount    Percent       

Existing shareholders

   95,000,000    92.7 %   $ 950,000    1.7 %   $ 0.01    $ 0.02

New investors

   7,500,000    7.3 %   $ 56,250,000    98.3 %   $ 7.50    $ 15.00
                             

Total

   102,500,000    100.0 %   $ 57,200,000    100.0 %   $ 0.56    $ 1.12
                             

A $1.00 increase or decrease in the assumed initial public offering price of $15.00 per ADS would increase or decrease total consideration paid by new investors, total consideration paid by all shareholders and the average price per ordinary share paid by all shareholders by $3.75 million, $3.75 million and $0.04, respectively, assuming no change in the number of ADSs sold by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and without deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses payable by us.

The discussions and tables above also assume no vesting of any outstanding restricted share units settleable upon vesting in ordinary shares. As of December 31, 2008, there was no vesting of such restricted share units. To the extent that any such restricted share units become vested, there will be further dilution to new investors.

 

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EXCHANGE RATE INFORMATION

Our business is primarily conducted in China and a substantial majority of our revenues are denominated in Renminbi. This prospectus contains translations of Renminbi amounts into U.S. dollars at specific rates solely for the convenience of the reader, and unless otherwise indicated, conversions of Renminbi into U.S. dollars in this prospectus are based on the noon buying rate in The City of New York for cable transfers of Renminbi as certified for customs purposes by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on December 31, 2008. We make no representation that any Renminbi or U.S. dollar amounts could have been, or could be, converted into U.S. dollars or Renminbi, as the case may be, at any particular rate, or at all. The PRC government imposes control over its foreign currency reserves in part through direct regulation of the conversion of Renminbi into foreign exchange and through restrictions on foreign trade. On March 13, 2009, the noon buying rate was RMB6.8380 to $1.00.

The following table sets forth information concerning exchange rates between the Renminbi and the U.S. dollar for the periods indicated.

 

     Spot Exchange Rate

Period

       Period End            Average (1)             Low            High    
     (RMB per $1.00)

2004

   8.2765    8.2768    8.2774    8.2764

2005

   8.0702    8.1826    8.2765    8.0702

2006

   7.8041    7.9579    8.0702    7.8041

2007

   7.2946    7.5806    7.8127    7.2946

2008

   6.8225    6.9193    7.2946    6.7800

August

   6.8252    6.8462    6.8705    6.7800

September

   6.7899    6.8307    6.8510    6.7810

October

   6.8388    6.8358    6.8521    6.8171

November

   6.8254    6.8281    6.8373    6.8220

December

   6.8225    6.8539    6.8842    6.8225

2009

           

January

   6.8392    6.8360    6.8403    6.8225

February

   6.8395    6.8363    6.8470    6.8241

March (through March 13)

   6.8380    6.8405    6.8438    6.8380

 

Source: Federal Reserve Statistical Release

(1)   Annual averages were calculated by using the average of the exchange rates on the last day of each month during the relevant year. Monthly averages were calculated by using the average of the daily rates during the relevant month.

 

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ENFORCEABILITY OF CIVIL LIABILITIES

We are incorporated in the Cayman Islands to take advantage of certain benefits associated with being a Cayman Islands exempted company, such as political and economic stability, an effective judicial system, a favorable tax system, the absence of exchange control or currency restrictions and the availability of professional and support services. However, certain disadvantages accompany incorporation in the Cayman Islands. These disadvantages include that the Cayman Islands has a less developed body of securities laws as compared to the United States and provides significantly less protection to investors. In addition, Cayman Islands companies may not have standing to sue before the federal courts of the United States. Our constituent documents do not contain provisions requiring that disputes be submitted to arbitration, including those arising under the securities laws of the United States, between us, our officers, directors and shareholders.

Substantially all of our current operations are conducted in China, and substantially all of our assets are located in China. All of our directors and executive officers are nationals or residents of jurisdictions other than the United States and a substantial portion of their assets are located outside of the United States. As a result, it may be difficult for a shareholder to effect service of process within the United States upon us or such persons, or to enforce against us or them judgments obtained in United States courts, including judgments predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

We have appointed CT Corporation System as our agent to receive service of process with respect to any action brought against us in the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York under the federal securities laws of the United States or of any state in the United States or any action brought against us in the Supreme Court of the State of New York in the County of New York under the securities laws of the State of New York.

Campbells, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law, and Commerce & Finance Law Offices, our counsel as to PRC law, have advised us, respectively, that there is uncertainty as to whether the courts of the Cayman Islands and China, respectively, would:

 

  Ÿ  

recognize or enforce judgments of United States courts obtained against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the civil liability provisions of the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States; or

 

  Ÿ  

entertain original actions brought in each respective jurisdiction against us or our directors or officers predicated upon the securities laws of the United States or any state in the United States.

Campbells has further advised us that a final and conclusive judgment in the federal or state courts of the United States under which a sum of money is payable, other than a sum payable in respect of taxes, fines, penalties or similar charges, may be subject to enforcement proceedings as debt in the courts of the Cayman Islands under the common law doctrine of obligation. Civil liability provisions of the U.S. federal and state securities law permit punitive damages against us; however, according to Campbells, the Cayman Island courts would not recognize or enforce judgments against us to the extent the judgment is punitive or penal. It is uncertain as to whether a judgment obtained from the U.S. courts under civil liability provisions of the securities law would be determined by the Cayman Islands courts as penal or punitive in nature. Such a determination has yet to be made by any Cayman Islands court.

Commerce & Finance Law Offices has advised us further that the recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments are provided for under PRC Civil Procedures Law. Courts in China may recognize and enforce foreign judgments in accordance with the requirements of PRC Civil Procedures Law based on treaties between China and the country where the judgment is made or on reciprocity between jurisdictions. As there is currently no treaty or other agreement of reciprocity between China and the United States governing the recognition of a judgment, there is uncertainty as to whether a PRC court would enforce a judgment rendered by a court in the United States.

 

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OUR HISTORY AND CORPORATE STRUCTURE

Our History

Our MMORPG business began operations as a business unit within the Sohu Group in 2003. In June 2003, the Sohu Group launched its first MMORPG, Knight Online, or KO, which was licensed from a Korean developer. KO had limited acceptance in the Chinese market, and its operation was discontinued in November 2006 when the license expired. In October 2004, the Sohu Group launched BO, its second MMORPG, which was licensed from a Beijing-based studio. In May 2007, the Sohu Group launched TLBB, its first in-house developed MMORPG.

Our Carve-out from Sohu

In 2007, the Sohu Group reorganized its MMORPG business, which included the establishment of the following entities:

 

  Ÿ  

Changyou.com Limited was incorporated in the Cayman Islands on August 6, 2007 as an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc. to be the holding company for the MMORPG business.

 

  Ÿ  

Changyou.com (HK) Limited, or Changyou HK, was incorporated in Hong Kong on August 13, 2007 as a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Changyou. Changyou HK is our intermediate offshore holding company for our MMORPG operations in China.

 

  Ÿ  

Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd., or AmazGame, was incorporated in the PRC on September 26, 2007 as a WFOE and is a direct wholly-owned subsidiary of Changyou HK.

 

  Ÿ  

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., or Gamease, was incorporated in the PRC on August 23, 2007. Gamease is 60% owned by Tao Wang, our CEO, and 40% by a Changyou employee, but is controlled by AmazGame through a series of contractual arrangements. Therefore, Gamease is our variable interest entity, or VIE, and we consolidate its financial results.

After the establishment of the above entities, Changyou.com Limited, AmazGame and Gamease entered into various agreements with Sohu, pursuant to which Sohu transferred to us, effective as of December 1, 2007, all of its assets and operations relating to its MMORPG business unit, and we assumed all of the liabilities associated with Sohu’s MMORPG business unit and paid net consideration of $9.9 million to Sohu. These agreements are summarized below:

 

  Ÿ  

Master Transaction Agreement , between Sohu.com Inc. and Changyou.com Limited, containing key provisions relating to our carve-out from Sohu, including our assumption of the liabilities associated with Sohu’s MMORPG business unit. See “Our Relationship with Sohu—Our Relationship with Sohu Following the Offering.”

 

  Ÿ  

Asset Transfer Agreement , between Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd., or Sohu Era, a subsidiary of Sohu, and AmazGame, pursuant to which certain assets (primarily servers) of Sohu’s MMORPG business held by Sohu Era were transferred to AmazGame.

 

  Ÿ  

Asset Transfer Agreement , between Sohu Era and Gamease, pursuant to which certain assets (primarily servers) of Sohu’s MMORPG business unit held by Sohu Era were transferred to Gamease.

 

  Ÿ  

Technology Transfer Agreement , between Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co. Ltd., or Beijing Fire Fox, and Gamease, pursuant to which Beijing Fire Fox, a subsidiary of Sohu, transferred TLBB software to Gamease.

 

  Ÿ  

Trademark Assignment Agreement , between Beijing Fire Fox and Gamease, pursuant to which Beijing Fire Fox transferred to Gamease trademarks and trademark rights related to TLBB.

 

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  Ÿ  

Services Transfer Agreement , between Sohu Era and Gamease, pursuant to which Gamease agreed to provide to TLBB game players operational and maintenance services previously provided by Sohu Era.

Sohu made loans to us in the amount of $5.0 million and $3.5 million in September 2007 and December 2008, respectively, which we used to fund the paid-in capital of AmazGame and our U.S. dollar-denominated working capital needs.

We believe that we will realize benefits from our carve-out from Sohu, including:

 

  Ÿ  

Sharper strategic focus .     By having our own board of directors and management team, we expect to be able to make more focused strategic decisions and be in a better position to take advantage of strategic opportunities in the online game business.

 

  Ÿ  

Better incentives for employees and greater accountability .     We will seek to motivate and retain our employees through the implementation of incentive compensation programs tied to the market performance of our ADSs and the financial results of our company.

 

  Ÿ  

Direct access to capital markets .     As a separate, stand-alone company, we will have capital planning flexibility with direct access to the debt and equity capital markets and the opportunity to grow through acquisitions by using our shares as consideration.

Our Corporate Structure

In order to comply with PRC laws restricting foreign ownership in the online game business in China, we operate our MMORPG operations through Gamease, our VIE, rather than through a subsidiary, and all of our revenues are earned by and paid to Gamease. Gamease holds the licenses and permits required to operate our MMORPG business, and is controlled by AmazGame, our subsidiary, through a series of contractual arrangements. AmazGame undertakes substantially all of our product development and technical support functions, which it provides to Gamease pursuant to contractual arrangements.

The equity interests in Gamease were owned 60% by Tao Wang, our Chief Executive Officer, and 40% by a Sohu employee upon its establishment on August 23, 2007. AmazGame, Gamease and the shareholders of Gamease entered into a series of agreements, which became effective on September 26, 2007 and provided AmazGame with effective control of Gamease. These agreements were subsequently amended and supplemented, and the 40% shareholder of Gamease was transferred to a Changyou employee. The following is a summary of the agreements currently in effect:

 

  Ÿ  

Loan Agreements , between AmazGame and Gamease shareholders. These loan agreements provide for loans of $878,000 to Tao Wang and of $585,000 to the Changyou employee for them to make contributions to the registered capital of Gamease in exchange for the 60% and 40% equity interests, respectively, in Gamease. The loans are interest free and are repayable on demand, but the shareholders can only repay the loans by transferring to AmazGame of their respective equity interests in Gamease.

 

  Ÿ  

Equity Interest Purchase Right Agreements , among AmazGame, Gamease and Gamease shareholders. Pursuant to these agreements, AmazGame and any third party designated by AmazGame have the right, exercisable at any time during the term of the agreement, if and when it is legal to do so under PRC law, to purchase from Tao Wang or the Changyou employee, as the case may be, all or any part of his or her equity interests in Gamease at a purchase price equal to their initial contributions to the registered capital of Gamease or the respective proportion of such initial contribution in the case of a partial purchase of such equity interests in Gamease.

 

  Ÿ  

Equity Pledge Agreements , among AmazGame, Gamease and the shareholders of Gamease. Pursuant to these agreements, Tao Wang and the Changyou employee pledged to AmazGame their equity

 

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interests in Gamease to secure the performance of their respective obligations and Gamease’s obligations under the various VIE-related agreements. If any of the shareholders of Gamease breaches his or her respective obligations under any VIE-related agreements (Gamease’s breach of any of its obligations under the various VIE-related agreements will be treated as the shareholders’ breach of their respective obligations), including the Equity Pledge Agreement, AmazGame is entitled to exercise its rights as the beneficiary under the Equity Pledge Agreement, including all the rights such shareholder has as a shareholder of Gamease.

 

  Ÿ  

Business Operation Agreement , among AmazGame, Gamease and the shareholders of Gamease. This agreement sets forth the rights of AmazGame to control the actions of the shareholders of Gamease.

 

  Ÿ  

Powers of Attorney , executed by the shareholders of Gamease in favor of AmazGame. These powers of attorney give AmazGame the exclusive right to appoint nominees to act on behalf of each of the two Gamease shareholders in connection with all actions to be taken by Gamease.

 

  Ÿ  

Technology Support and Utilization Agreement , between AmazGame and Gamease. Pursuant to this agreement, AmazGame has the exclusive right to provide product development and application services and provide technology support to Gamease for a fee based on Gamease’s revenues.

 

  Ÿ  

Service s and Maintenance Agreement , between AmazGame and Gamease. Pursuant to this agreement, AmazGame provides marketing, staffing, business operation and maintenance services to Gamease in exchange for a fee equal to the cost of providing such services plus a predetermined margin.

In the opinion of our PRC counsel, Commerce & Finance Law Offices, the ownership structure and the contractual arrangements between AmazGame and Gamease and between AmazGame’s and Gamease’s shareholders, comply with, and immediately after this offering, will comply with, current PRC laws and regulations. There are, however, substantial uncertainties regarding the interpretation and application of current or future PRC laws and regulations. Accordingly, PRC governmental authorities may ultimately take a view that is inconsistent with the opinion of Commerce & Finance Law Offices. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Structure and Regulations.”

In January 2009, we incorporated AmazGame Entertainment (US), Inc., through which we intend to operate our planned MMORPG business in the United States.

 

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The following diagram illustrates our corporate structure as of the date of this prospectus (1) :

LOGO

 

(1)   For risks relating to our current corporate structure, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Structure and Regulations.”

 

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OUR RELATIONSHIP WITH SOHU

Our Relationship with Sohu

We were a business unit within the Sohu Group prior to our reorganization as a separate, indirect subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc. Sohu began reporting results of its MMORPG operations as a separate business segment for the three months ended June 30, 2007. References in this prospectus to the operations of our business, financial condition, and results of operations with respect to periods prior to December 1, 2007 are to Sohu’s MMORPG business unit. Prior to this offering, Sohu had provided us with tax, accounting, treasury, legal and human resources services, and had also provided us with the services of a number of its executives and employees. All of our current executive officers and most of our current employees formerly were employees of Sohu.

Our Relationship with Sohu Following the Offering

Upon the completion of this offering, Sohu will continue to be our controlling shareholder, with an indirect shareholding of 70.7% of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares, and control of 81.5% of the voting power of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares, assuming the underwriters’ over-allotment option is not exercised.

We have entered into agreements with Sohu with respect to various ongoing relationships between us. These include a Master Transaction Agreement, a Non-Competition Agreement and a Marketing Services Agreement. The following are summaries of these agreements. For the complete text of these agreements, please see the copies included as exhibits to the registration statement filed with the SEC of which this prospectus is a part.

Master Transaction Agreement

The Master Transaction Agreement contains key provisions relating to our carve-out from Sohu. The Master Transaction Agreement provides for cross-indemnities that generally will place the financial responsibility on us for all liabilities associated with the current and historical MMORPG business and operations transferred to us, and generally will place on Sohu the financial responsibility for liabilities associated with all of Sohu’s other current and historical businesses and operations, in each case regardless of the time those liabilities arise. The Master Transaction Agreement also contains indemnification provisions under which we and Sohu indemnify each other with respect to breaches of the Master Transaction Agreement or any related inter-company agreement.

In addition to our general indemnification obligations described above relating to the current and historical Sohu business and operations, we have agreed to indemnify Sohu against liabilities arising from misstatements or omissions in this prospectus or the registration statement of which it is a part, except for misstatements or omissions relating to information that Sohu provided to us specifically for inclusion in this prospectus or the registration statement of which it forms a part. We also have agreed to indemnify Sohu against liabilities arising from any misstatements or omissions in our subsequent SEC filings and from information we provide to Sohu specifically for inclusion in Sohu’s annual or quarterly reports following the completion of this offering, but only to the extent that the information pertains to us or our business or to the extent Sohu provides us prior written notice that the information will be included in its annual or quarterly reports and the liability does not result from the action or inaction of Sohu.

In addition to Sohu’s general indemnification obligations described above relating to the current and historical Sohu business and operations, Sohu will indemnify us against liabilities arising from misstatements or omissions with respect to information that Sohu provided to us specifically for inclusion in this prospectus or the registration statement of which it forms a part. Sohu will also indemnify us against liabilities arising from information Sohu provides to us specifically for inclusion in our annual or quarterly reports following the completion of this offering, but only to the extent that the information pertains to Sohu or Sohu’s business or to the extent we provide Sohu prior written notice that the information will be included in our annual or quarterly reports and the liability does not result from our action or inaction.

 

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For liabilities arising from events occurring on or before the date of this prospectus, the Master Transaction Agreement contains a general release. Under this provision, we release Sohu and its subsidiaries, VIEs, successors and assigns, and Sohu will release us and our subsidiaries, VIEs, successors and assigns, from any liabilities arising from events between us on the one hand, and Sohu on the other hand, occurring on or before the date of this prospectus, including in connection with the activities to implement this offering. The general release does not apply to liabilities allocated between the parties under the Master Transaction Agreement or the other inter-company agreements or to specified ongoing contractual arrangements.

Furthermore, under the Master Transaction Agreement, we have agreed to use our reasonable best efforts to use the same independent certified public accounting firm selected by Sohu and to maintain the same fiscal year as Sohu until such time as Sohu no longer owns at least a majority of our voting securities. We also have agreed to use our reasonable best efforts to complete our audit and provide Sohu with all financial and other information on a timely basis so that Sohu may meet its deadlines for its filing annual and quarterly financial statements.

Non-Competition Agreement

Under the Non-Competition Agreement, Sohu has agreed, until the later of three years after Sohu no longer owns in the aggregate at least 10% of the voting power of our then outstanding voting securities and five years after the date that the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part was first publicly filed with the SEC, or the non-competition period, that it will not compete with us in the MMORPG business anywhere in the world. We have agreed during the non-competition period not to compete with Sohu in the Internet portal, search, mobile value-added services and games business, and any other businesses, except MMORPGs and related support services, conducted or contemplated to be conducted by Sohu as of the date of this prospectus. Sohu will be entitled to continue to provide links to MMORPGs and other games, including to those of our competitors, that it provides on its 17173.com website. In addition, both parties have agreed not to solicit the employees of the other party.

Marketing Services Agreement

The Marketing Services Agreement provides that Sohu will continue to provide certain services to us, including marketing services and Sohu’s PEAK system for the distribution of our virtual prepaid game cards. The agreement further provides for the license from Sohu to us of certain domain names, permits us to co-brand our games with the Sohu name and logos, and allows us to identify ourselves as a member of the Sohu Group. The agreement will terminate upon the later of the date that is three years after the first date upon which Sohu ceases to own in the aggregate at least 10% of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou and the fifth anniversary of the date that the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part was first publicly filed with the SEC.

 

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

The following selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus. The selected consolidated statements of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005, and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2005 have been derived from our books and records and are unaudited. The selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with those financial statements and the accompanying notes and “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” below. Our consolidated financial statements are prepared and presented in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP. Our historical results do not necessarily indicate our results expected for any future periods.

Prior to Sohu’s transfer to our PRC subsidiary and VIE of all of the assets and liabilities of Sohu’s MMORPG business unit, effective December 1, 2007, the operations of our MMORPGs were carried out by various companies owned or controlled by Sohu.com Inc. For periods both before and after December 1, 2007, our consolidated financial statements include assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows that were directly attributable to our MMORPG business whether held or incurred by Sohu or by Changyou. In cases involving assets and liabilities not specifically identifiable to any particular operation of Sohu, only those assets and liabilities transferred or expected to be transferred to Changyou are included in our consolidated balance sheets. With respect to costs of operations of the MMORPG business, an allocation of certain general corporate expenses of Sohu which are not directly related to the MMORPG operations and an allocation of certain advertising and other expenses provided by Sohu to Changyou were also included. These allocations are based on a variety of factors depending upon the nature of the expenses being allocated, including revenue, the number of employees and the number of servers. Our statements of operations also include the sales and marketing expenses and other costs charged by Sohu. The transactions are measured at the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties.

Our consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the current corporate structure had been in existence throughout the periods presented.

Our management believes that the assumptions underlying our financial statements and the above allocations are reasonable. Our financial statements, however, may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial position and cash flows as if we had operated as a stand-alone company during the periods presented. You should not view our historical results as an indicator of our future performance.

 

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Selected Consolidated Statements of Operations Data

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2004     2005     2006     2007     2008  
     ($ in thousands, except per share data)  

Total revenues

   2,528     5,809     8,525     42,096     201,845  

Cost of revenues (1)

   2,595     3,284     3,895     7,317     14,633  
                              

Gross (loss) profit

   (67 )   2,525     4,630     34,779     187,212  

Operating expenses:

          

Product development (1)

   659     1,699     1,957     6,738     23,862  

Sales and marketing (1)

   1,328     1,230     1,798     19,851     38,917  

General and administrative (1)

   411     924     876     2,992     9,053  
                              

Total operating expenses

   2,398     3,853     4,631     29,581     71,832  
                              

Operating (loss) profit

   (2,465 )   (1,328 )   (1 )   5,198     115,380  

Investment (loss) income from an associate

   (2 )   102     151     9     —    

Gain on disposal of investment in an associate

   —       —       —       561     —    

Interest expense

   —       —       —       (61 )   (245 )

Interest income and foreign currency exchange gain

   16     23     20     44     1,235  

Other expense

   —       —       —       —       (278 )
                              

(Loss) income before income tax expense

   (2,451 )   (1,203 )   170     5,751     116,092  

Income tax expense

   —       —       161     452     8,106  
                              

Net (loss) income

   (2,451 )   (1,203 )   9     5,299     107,986  
                              

Earnings (loss) per share:

          

Basic

   (0.03 )   (0.01 )   0.00     0.06     1.14  

Diluted

   (0.03 )   (0.01 )   0.00     0.06     1.14  

Weighted average ordinary shares:

          

Basic

   95,000     95,000     95,000     95,000     95,000  

Diluted

   95,000     95,000     95,000     95,000     95,000  

 

(1)   Share-based compensation expenses are included in the following financial statements line items:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,
     2004    2005    2006    2007    2008
     ($ in thousands)

Cost of revenues

   —      —      74    38    14

Product development

   —      —      263    170    4,919

Sales and marketing

   —      —      —      10    10

General and administrative

   —      —      52    225    404

 

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Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

 

     As of December 31,     As of December 31, 2008
     2005    2006    2007     Actual     Pro
Forma as
Adjusted (1) (2)
     ($ in thousands)

Cash and bank deposits

   522    1,547    15,419     134,439     183,641

Total current assets

   605    1,575    24,386     166,180     214,465

Total assets

   2,330    3,950    30,126     176,656     224,941

Receipt in advance and deferred revenue

   1,528    1,036    8,173     20,703     20,703

Dividend payable

   —      —      —       —       96,800

Total current liabilities

   2,303    1,948    39,868     71,962 (3)   168,762

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)

   27    2,002    (9,742 )   104,694     56,179

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   2,330    3,950    30,126     176,656     224,941

 

(1)   Our consolidated balance sheet data is presented on a pro forma as adjusted basis to give effect to (i) our intended declaration prior to the completion of this offering of a cash dividend in the amount of $96.8 million payable to Sohu.com (Game) Limited and (ii) the issuance and sale of 3,750,000 ADSs, representing 7,500,000 Class A ordinary shares, by us in this offering, assuming an initial public offering price of $15.00 per ADS, the mid-point of the estimated range of the initial public offering price, after deducting estimated underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated aggregate offering expenses payable by us and assuming no other change to the number of ADSs sold by us as set forth on the cover page of this prospectus.
(2)   The payment of the dividend referred to in footnote (1) above is subject to receipt of PRC government approvals for our indirect subsidiary in China to pay a dividend to us through our Hong Kong subsidiary, Changyou HK. Until the dividend is paid, the amount of the dividend we intend to declare will be reflected in our current liabilities. Upon our payment of the dividend to Sohu.com (Game) Limited and the PRC withholding tax described in footnote (3) below, the amount of our cash and bank deposits will be reduced by $101.8 million, and our total current liabilities will be reduced by the same amount.
(3)   Includes PRC withholding tax of $5.0 million in connection with the declaration by AmazGame of a dividend in the amount of $101.8 million to Changyou HK. Changyou HK intends to declare as a cash dividend the net amount of $96.8 million that it receives from AmazGame to us, which amount we intend to declare as a cash dividend to Sohu.com (Game) Limited as described in footnote (1) above.

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

You should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with the section entitled “Selected Consolidated Financial Data” and our consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. The discussion in this section contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. As a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus, our actual future results may be materially different from what we expect.

Overview

We are a leading online game developer and operator in China as measured by the popularity of our game TLBB. TLBB, which was launched in May 2007, was ranked by IDC for 2007 as the third most popular online game overall in China and the second most popular online game in China among locally-developed online games. We engage in the development, operation and licensing of massively multi-player online role-playing games, or MMORPGs, which are interactive online games that may be played simultaneously by hundreds of thousands of game players. We currently operate two MMORPGs, TLBB, which we developed in-house, and BO, which we licensed from a third party. For the three months ended December 31, 2008, we had approximately 1.8 million active paying accounts for TLBB and approximately 159,000 active paying accounts for BO.

We have three new MMORPGs in the pipeline, including DMD, which we are developing in-house, IF and LAW, both of which we licensed from third parties. We expect to begin open beta testing of IF and DMD in the second and fourth quarters of 2009, respectively, and of LAW in early 2010.

We operate our current games under the item-based revenue model, meaning that game players can play our games for free, but may choose to pay for virtual items to enhance the game-playing experience. Game players purchase prepaid game cards or game points, which are used to purchase virtual items. We sell our prepaid game cards to approximately 100 regional distributors throughout China, who in turn sub-distribute the prepaid game cards to numerous retail outlets, including Internet cafes and various websites, news stands, software stores, book stores and retail stores.

Due to our limited operating history, our period-to-period operating history may not be meaningful. In addition, our limited operating history makes it difficult for us to have a historical basis for making certain critical accounting policies and accounting estimates. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry—Our limited operating history makes evaluating our business and prospects difficult.” Furthermore, the online game industry and Internet usage in China may not continue to grow at current levels.

Our Relationship with Sohu

We are an indirect subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc., which operates a leading Internet portal, Sohu.com, in China. Prior to our reorganization as a separate, indirect subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc., we operated as a business unit within the Sohu Group. For the three months ended June 30, 2007, Sohu began reporting results of its MMORPG operations as a separate business segment and effective December 1, 2007, Sohu transferred to our Chinese subsidiary, AmazGame, and our VIE, Gamease, all of Sohu’s assets and operations relating to its MMORPG business. We also assumed all of Sohu’s liabilities relating to such business. Accordingly, references to the operations of our business, financial condition and results of operations for periods prior to December 1, 2007 are to Sohu’s MMORPG business unit.

Our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus have been prepared as if our current corporate structure had been in existence throughout the periods presented. For periods both before and

 

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after December 1, 2007, our consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and changes in shareholders’ equity and cash flows that were directly attributable to our MMORPG business whether held or incurred by Sohu or by Changyou. In cases involving assets and liabilities not specifically identifiable to any particular operation of Sohu, only those assets and liabilities transferred or expected to be transferred to Changyou are included in our consolidated balance sheets. With respect to costs of operations of the MMORPG business, an allocation of certain general corporate expenses of Sohu which are not directly related to the MMORPG operations and an allocation of certain advertising and other expenses provided by Sohu to Changyou were also included. These allocations are based on a variety of factors depending upon the nature of the expenses being allocated, including revenue, the number of employees and the number of servers. Our statements of operations also include the sales and marketing expenses and other costs charged from Sohu. The transactions are measured at the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties. The income tax was calculated based on a separate return basis as if we had filed a separate tax return. As the assets and liabilities relating to the operation of MMORPGs held through companies owned or controlled by Sohu historically had been under common management and control of Sohu, the assets and liabilities have been stated at historical carrying amounts.

Our management believes that the assumptions underlying our financial statements and the above allocations are reasonable. Our financial statements, however, may not necessarily reflect our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows as if we had operated as a separate, stand-alone company during the periods presented. You should not view our historical results as an indicator of our future performance.

All of our current executive officers and approximately 40% of our current employees were formerly employees of Sohu. We have invested and are continuing to invest in and expand our own administrative functions separate from Sohu’s, including our tax, accounting, treasury, legal and human resource services, which may be at a higher cost than the comparable services previously provided by Sohu. We also will incur additional costs as a public company, including but not limited to, audit, investor relations, share administration and regulatory compliance costs.

After the completion of this offering, Sohu will own approximately 70.7% of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares and will control 81.5% of the voting power of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares due to the additional voting power of the Class B ordinary shares that it holds, assuming the underwriters’ over-allotment option is not exercised. Sohu will continue to have the voting power to elect our entire board of directors. In addition, we will continue to have joint marketing and other commercial contractual relationships with Sohu. See “Our Relationship with Sohu—Our Relationship with Sohu Following the Offering.”

Factors Affecting Our Results of Operations

Our results of operations are affected by several key factors, including the following:

General economic conditions affecting the online game industry in China

We have benefited from general conditions typically affecting the online game industry in China, including the overall economic growth, which has resulted in increases in disposable income and discretionary consumer spending; the increasing use of the Internet with the growth of personal computers and broadband penetration; the growing popularity of online games in comparison with other forms of entertainment; and favorable demographic trends, particularly the growth of the teenage and young adult population who are typically more inclined to play online games. We cannot assure you that the Chinese economy will continue to grow, or that if there is growth, such growth will be steady and uniform and that any such growth will lead to growth in the MMORPG business, or that if there is a slowdown, such slowdown will not have a negative effect on our MMORPG business. For example, the current slowdown in China’s economic growth that resulted from the impact of the global financial crisis, appreciation of the Renminbi, the PRC government’s tightening

 

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macroeconomic measures implemented in 2007 and the first half of 2008 to curb inflation, and other factors may lead to decreases in the level of disposable income of our game players and negatively affect their spending on playing MMORPGs.

Our ability to develop and maintain popular online games and convert our game player base into paying customers

The popularity of our games drives the growth of our game player base, which is the key component driving the sales and consumption of our virtual items and thus our revenues. To maintain and grow the popularity of our games, we must diligently maintain the quality of the games and continually enhance the games to meet game player preferences and to incentivize game players to purchase virtual items. We solicit feedback from our game players and have a dedicated product development team that helps us to identify market trends and user preferences. For TLBB, we typically provide weekly updates and more substantial enhancements in the form of expansion packs every few months. We launch new virtual items to maintain game players’ interest. We plan the timing of our new virtual item launches to avoid over-monetizing our existing game player base. We generally only launch virtual items after we have gained a certain number of new game players. If we fail to manage the growth of our game player base and manage our sales and marketing strategies for new virtual items, our game player base may not grow and we may not be successful in selling new virtual items, which would have an adverse effect on our revenues.

The popularity and timing of the launch of new games

We currently have three new games in the pipeline, including DMD, which we are developing in-house, and IF and LAW, both of which we licensed from third parties. We expect to begin open beta testing of IF and DMD in the second and fourth quarters of 2009, respectively, and of LAW in early 2010. Our results of operations will be significantly affected by the timing of our new game launches and the popularity of such new games.

Product development and sales and marketing expenses

Developing and marketing a new MMORPG and maintaining its popularity in the market requires a commitment of significant resources, including product development and sales and marketing expenses. We typically incur such expenses several quarters before such games generate any revenues. If such games are not popular and do not generate substantial revenues, we may not be able to recover our product development and marketing expenses. In addition, because our product development strategy is to focus on a limited number of high-quality games, the failure of a small number of these games could adversely impact our growth rate.

The cost of attracting and retaining game development personnel

Competition in the online game industry in China is intense, making it increasingly costly to retain and motivate existing talent and to attract new talent necessary for the growth of our business. Many of our competitors have been aggressively hiring game development personnel. If we are unable to retain our current talent and to attract new talent, we may have difficulty developing new games or enhancements for our existing games or meeting our development schedule, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry—Our business may not succeed in a highly competitive market.”

 

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Our Revenues

The following table sets forth the revenues generated from our game operations in China and overseas licensing, both in absolute amount and as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated:

 

     For the Year Ended December 31,  
     2006     2007     2008  
     Amount    % of
Total
Revenues
    Amount    % of
Total
Revenues
    Amount    % of
Total
Revenues
 
     ($ in thousands except percentages)  

Revenues:

               

Game operations revenues

   8,525    100.0 %   41,751    99.2 %   194,607    96.4 %

Overseas licensing revenues

   —      —       345    0.8 %   7,238    3.6 %
                                 

Total revenues

   8,525    100.0 %   42,096    100.0 %   201,845    100.0 %
                                 

Game Operations Revenues

Our current two MMORPGs, TLBB and BO, are free to play and generate revenues using the item-based revenue model through the sale of virtual items that enhance the game-playing experience. Game players can purchase virtual items, such as gems, pets, fashion items, magic medicine, riding animals, hierograms, materials, skill books and fireworks by purchasing prepaid game cards or game points. We initially operated BO under the time-based revenue model and switched to the item-based revenue model in December 2006.

We report our game operations revenues after netting business taxes, sales discounts and rebates to our distributors. See “—Revenue Collection—Game Operations.”

Tian Long Ba Bu (TLBB).     TLBB is our first in-house developed MMORPG, which we started to develop in late 2004. We launched TLBB in May 2007, and since then it has contributed a substantial majority of our total revenues. For the year ended December 31, 2008, game operations revenues from TLBB generated 90.0% of our total revenues. The following table sets forth game operations revenues from TLBB in China and the related operating data for the game for the periods indicated:

 

    For the Three Months Ended
    Jun. 30, 2007   Sep. 30, 2007   Dec. 31, 2007   Mar. 31, 2008   Jun. 30, 2008   Sep. 30, 2008   Dec. 31, 2008

TLBB Operations Revenues
($ in thousands)

  2,256   10,794   21,757   38,493   43,350   48,278   51,540

Peak Concurrent Users (in thousands)

  405   408   531   592   699   690   738

Average Concurrent Users (in thousands)

  181   216   278   306   380   387   411

Quarterly Active Paying Accounts (in thousands)

  209   690   1,096   1,387   1,684   1,860   1,822

Quarterly Average Revenue per Active Paying Account
(in RMB)

  82   118   147   199   179   178   193

Average revenue per active paying account for TLBB dropped in the second quarter of 2008 as we focused on enhancing game players’ in-game experiences, converting non-paying game players into paying game

 

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players and reducing the number of launches of new virtual items, all with the goal of extending the lifespan of the game.

The number of active paying accounts for TLBB for the fourth quarter of 2008 decreased slightly from the prior quarter. With a strong focus on expanding our game player base, we further developed TLBB’s free-of-charge playing features in the fourth quarter of 2008. As some of the previous low-spending game players became non-paying game players due to their satisfaction with the enhanced free-of-charge playing features, the number of active paying accounts for the fourth quarter of 2008 decreased slightly.

Blade Online (BO) .     In October 2004, we launched BO, an MMORPG that we licensed from a third party. For the year ended December 31, 2008, game operations revenues from BO generated 6.4% of our total revenues. The following table sets forth game operations revenues from BO and the related operating data for the game in China for the periods indicated:

 

    For the Three Months Ended
    Mar. 31, 2007   Jun. 30, 2007   Sep. 30, 2007   Dec. 31, 2007   Mar. 31, 2008   Jun. 30, 2008   Sep. 30, 2008   Dec. 31, 2008

BO Operations Revenues
($ in thousands)

  1,608   1,569   1,783   1,975   2,081   2,380   3,615   4,870

Peak Concurrent Users
(in thousands)

  63   60   64   68   69   74   82   95

Average Concurrent Users
(in thousands)

  42   42   42   47   46   46   51   55

Quarterly Active Paying Account
(in thousands)

  217   138   143   147   127   123   146   159

Quarterly Average Revenue per Active Paying Account (in RMB)

  58   87   94   100   116   135   169   209

Overseas Licensing Revenues

We began licensing our game TLBB to operators outside of China in 2007. We began generating overseas licensing revenues from TLBB in each of Taiwan and Hong Kong in April 2008, and Vietnam in August 2007, and we expect to begin generating revenues in Malaysia and Singapore in the second half of 2009. The licenses are for terms of either two years or three years. Under our licensing arrangements, the licensee operators pay us an initial license fee and ongoing royalties based on a percentage of revenues generated by them over the term of the license period. For the year ended December 31, 2008, our overseas licensing revenues were $7.2 million, representing 3.6% of our total revenues. We expect to expand our licensing of TLBB to additional countries and may decide to license certain of our new MMORPGs overseas after they are launched.

Revenue Collection

Game Operations

We sell virtual and physical prepaid game cards to regional distributors, who in turn sub-distribute to retail outlets, including Internet cafes, various websites, news stands, software stores, bookstores and retail stores. We typically collect payment from our distributors upon delivery of our prepaid game cards, but only recognize revenues as the virtual items are consumed. We generally offer a sales discount to our prepaid game

 

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card distributors based on the popularity of our games. In 2006, prior to the launch of TLBB, we offered a sales discount as high as 20.0%. Since the launch of TLBB in 2007, we offered an initial sales discount at the rate of 15.0%, which has decreased to the current rate of 11.0%, effective as of January 2009. In addition, we offer a discount of 5.0% to our game players who use Sohu’s PEAK system for direct purchases of virtual prepaid game cards and game points. The sales discount represents the difference between the price at which we sell prepaid game cards to distributors or game players, as the case may be, and the face value of the prepaid game cards or the equivalent of game points.

We also offer rebates in the form of credits on future purchases of prepaid game cards to distributors of our prepaid game cards. Distributors of prepaid game cards will receive a credit on future purchases of our prepaid game cards in an amount equal to 1.0% to 3.0% of the discounted value of our prepaid game cards, provided that the distributors meet certain preset sales conditions. Historically, most of our distributors have met the conditions required to receive these credits. Credits are in the form of free prepaid game cards. We incur transaction costs of 0.9% of the face value of the virtual prepaid game cards or the equivalent of game points by using Sohu’s PEAK system.

The current total discount and rebate rate we typically offer to all of our prepaid game card distributors is approximately 12.0% to 14.0% of the face value of our prepaid game cards. The total discount and transaction costs associated with game players’ use of Sohu’s PEAK system is 5.9% of the face value of the virtual prepaid game cards or the equivalent of game points purchased.

Overseas Licensing

Our overseas licensing revenues consist of an initial license fee and ongoing revenue-based royalties. The initial license fee includes a fixed amount payable upon signing the license agreement and additional license fees payable upon achieving certain sales targets. The ongoing revenue-based royalties are generally determined based on the amount charged to game players’ accounts in a given country or region and sales of ancillary products of the game in such country or region. We typically receive ongoing revenue-based royalties on a monthly basis.

Revenue Recognition

Game Operations

Proceeds received from sales of prepaid game cards form the basis of our revenues and are recorded initially as receipts in advance. Upon activation of the prepaid game cards, proceeds are transferred from receipts in advance to deferred revenues. Proceeds received from online sales of game points directly to game players are recorded as deferred revenues. As of December 31, 2008, we had receipts in advance from distributors and deferred revenues from our game operations of $19.9 million, compared with $8.1 million and $1.0 million as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

We recognize revenues when virtual items purchased by game players are consumed. For consumable virtual items, including those with a predetermined expiration time, revenues are recognized as they are consumed, and for perpetual virtual items, revenues are recognized over their estimated lives. In addition, prepaid game cards will expire two years after the date of card production if they have never been activated. The proceeds from the expired game cards are recognized as revenues upon expiration of the cards. In contrast, once the prepaid game cards are activated and credited to a game player’s account, they will not expire as long as the game account remains active. We are entitled to close a game player’s account if it has been inactive for a period of 180 consecutive days. The unused balances in an inactive game player’s account are recognized as revenues when the account is closed.

 

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Overseas Licensing

For the initial license fees receivable under our overseas licensing agreements, we recognize revenues ratably over the remaining license period, during which we are obligated to provide post-sales services such as technical support and provision of updates or upgrades to the licensed games. Unrecognized initial license fees received are recorded as deferred revenues. As of December 31, 2008, such deferred revenues was $0.8 million, compared with $0.1 million and $nil as of December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. With respect to the ongoing revenue-based royalties, we recognize revenues when the revenue-based royalties are earned under the terms of the overseas licensing agreements, and the collection of such royalties is probable.

Cost of Revenues

Our cost of revenues consists primarily of salaries and benefits expenses, including share-based compensation expenses, relating to the operation of our games, revenue-based royalty payments to the game developers of BO and KO, bandwidth leasing costs, amortization of licensing fees, depreciation expenses, PRC business tax and value-added tax, or VAT, that AmazGame pays on the revenue that it derives from its contractual arrangements with Gamease. We expect our cost of revenues to increase as our revenues increase.

Revenue-Based Royalty Payments

Revenue-based royalty payments are payments made to the third-party licensors of KO and BO. Our license to KO expired in November 2006. Our obligation to make royalty payments for BO ended as of July 1, 2008. Revenue-based royalty payments constituted 6.5%, 23.9% and 60.1% of our cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The reduction in royalty payments as a percentage of cost of revenues for the year ended December 31, 2008 as compared to the earlier periods resulted from the expiration of our obligation to pay royalty payments for BO on July 1, 2008, and increases in cost of revenues not attributable to our operation of BO.

Salaries and Benefits Expenses

Salaries and benefits expenses primarily include employee wages and social welfare benefits, such as medical insurance, housing subsidies, unemployment insurance and pension benefits for employees involved in the operation of our games, including product maintenance, network operation and customer service. Salaries and benefits expenses constituted 35.1%, 31.0% and 23.8% of our cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Bandwidth Leasing Costs

We lease communication bandwidth to connect our game operating networks to the Internet and interchange data traffic to and from our networks and our game players. Bandwidth leasing costs constituted 15.5%, 16.7% and 2.9% of our cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Depreciation of Computer Equipment (Including Servers)

Depreciation expenses are for computer equipment (including servers) that are directly related to our game operations. The amount of depreciation of computer equipment (including servers) constituted 14.4%, 15.3% and 7.6% of our cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

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PRC Business Tax and VAT

Our cost of revenues includes business tax, at an effective rate of 5.0%, and VAT, at an effective rate of 3.0%, that AmazGame pays on the revenues that it derives from its contractual arrangements with Gamease. The amount of business tax and VAT constituted 18.3%, 6.7% and nil% of our cost of revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Gamease incurs additional business taxes and related surcharges at an effective rate of 5.5% in connection with sales of its prepaid game cards and game points. However, we present our revenues net of these taxes and related surcharges. See “—Taxation—PRC Business Tax and VAT.”

Operating Expenses

Our operating expenses consist of product development expenses, sales and marketing expenses, and general and administrative expenses, each of which includes share-based compensation expenses. We expect that our operating expenses will increase in the future as we expand our game portfolio, and enhance our product development and sales and marketing activities.

The following table sets forth our product development expenses, sales and marketing expenses and general and administrative expenses, both in absolute amount and as a percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated.

 

    For the Year Ended December 31,  
    2006     2007     2008  
    Amount   % of
Total
Revenues
    Amount   % of
Total
Revenues
    Amount   % of
Total
Revenues
 
    ($ in thousands, except percentages)  

Product development

  1,957   22.9 %   6,738   16.0 %   23,862   11.8 %

Sales and marketing

  1,798   21.1 %   19,851   47.2 %   38,917   19.3 %

General and administrative

  876   10.3 %   2,992   7.1 %   9,053   4.5 %
                             

Total

  4,631   54.3 %   29,581   70.3 %   71,832   35.6 %
                             

Product Development Expenses

Our product development expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits expenses, including share-based compensation expenses, of personnel engaged in the development of our game development platform and our games, and content and license expenses relating to our games. Product development expenses increased significantly to $23.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to $6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase in such expenses is primarily due to our increased expenditures to develop new MMORPGs, DMD in particular, and expansion packs for existing games. Product development expenses constituted 11.8%, 16.0% and 22.9% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Sales and Marketing Expenses

Our sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of expenses for advertisement and promotion, and salaries and benefits expenses, including share-based compensation expenses, of our sales and marketing personnel. Substantially all of the sales and marketing expenses are advertising and promotion expenses, which include online advertising, offline promotions and traditional media advertising. We typically incur sales and marketing expenses several quarters before revenue is generated in order to promote new game launches. Sales and marketing expenses increased significantly to $38.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared

 

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to $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This increase was primarily a result of higher sales and marketing efforts for TLBB and BO in the year ended December 31, 2008. Sales and marketing expenses constituted 19.3%, 47.2% and 21.1% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. For a discussion of arrangements with Sohu to provide marketing services to us, see “Our Relationship with Sohu—Our Relationship with Sohu Following the Offering.”

General and Administrative Expenses

Our general and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and benefits expenses, including share-based compensation expenses, for management, finance and administrative personnel, professional service fees, audit fees, and fees for tax consultation. General and administrative expenses increased to $9.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008 compared to $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This increase was primarily a result of increases in salary and benefits expenses and professional fees related to our reorganization. General and administrative expenses constituted 4.5%, 7.1% and 10.3% of our total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Share-based Compensation Expenses

Share-based compensation expenses included in our financial statements include an allocation to us of such expenses related to Sohu’s senior management who provide services for both Sohu and Changyou. Following completion of this offering, we do not expect Sohu’s management to continue to provide these services and therefore do not expect our financial statements to include such allocations in the future. We did not issue any options, restricted share units or other share-based compensation awards in Changyou.com Limited, the issuer in this offering, prior to January 1, 2008. Share-based compensation expenses included in our financial statements for periods ended prior to January 1, 2008 reflect options or restricted share units granted by Sohu to employees of Sohu who were engaged in the MMORPG business and who subsequently became our employees upon our reorganization when we became a separate, indirect subsidiary of Sohu.

In March 2005, Sohu formed an indirect subsidiary to carry out game development, and granted to Tao Wang, who at the time was an employee of Sohu, a contingent right to receive a payment equal to 25% of the value of the subsidiary upon the occurrence of certain events. Sohu later agreed with Mr. Wang that his contingent right in the subsidiary would be modified to provide Mr. Wang an equity interest in us in lieu of the contingent right.

In January 2008, we communicated to and agreed with Mr. Wang that the equity interest we granted to him would consist of 7,000,000 of our ordinary shares and 8,000,000 restricted shares. The restricted shares included, as a condition of vesting, the completion of an initial public offering by us on an internationally recognized stock exchange, and also were subject to a vesting schedule. In addition, the terms of the restricted shares provided that Mr. Wang will not be entitled to participate in any distributions by us on his ordinary shares and restricted shares until the earlier of the completion of this offering or February 2012. In April 2008, we modified the vesting conditions of the restricted shares to provide for vesting over a four-year period, subject to acceleration under certain circumstances, commencing on February 1, 2008, with no condition that an initial public offering be completed. There was no change, however, to the limitation on Mr. Wang’s right to participate in distributions declared by us prior to the completion of this offering.

On December 31, 2008, we reserved 20,000,000 of our ordinary shares to be used as incentive compensation for our executive officers and key employees from time to time under our 2008 Share Incentive Plan.

On January 15, 2009, 7,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares were issued to Mr. Wang out of Sohu’s equity interest.

 

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The difference between the fair values, or the Incremental Fair Value, of the 7,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares granted to Mr. Wang and Mr. Wang’s contingent right in the Sohu subsidiary is accounted for by us as share-based compensation. Because the terms of the issuance of the ordinary shares and restricted shares had been approved by us and were communicated to and agreed with Mr. Wang as of January 2, 2008, it was deemed as the grant date under U.S. GAAP and, accordingly, the Incremental Fair Value was determined as of that date. The portion of the Incremental Fair Value related to the 7,000,000 Class B ordinary shares, equal to $1.8 million, was recognized as share-based compensation expenses included in product development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2008. As a result of the modification of the vesting terms of the 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares on April 21, 2008, the portion of the Incremental Fair Value related to those shares, equal to $7.0 million, was determined as of that date and is accounted for by us as share- based compensation over the vesting period starting from the date of the modification, following the accelerated basis of attribution. Share-based compensation expense relating to the 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares, which was $3.0 million for the period from April 21, 2008 to December 31, 2008, was included as share-based compensation expenses included in product development expenses. The Incremental Fair Values were determined using the discounted cash flow method.

In April 2008, our board of directors approved and we communicated to our executive officers other than the CEO and to certain employees, various grants of restricted shares and restricted share units. Pursuant to these approvals, on January 15, 2009, we issued to our executive officers other than the CEO an aggregate of 1,800,000 Class B restricted shares and we issued to certain of our key employees an aggregate of 940,000 restricted share units (settleable in Class B ordinary shares). On March 13, 2009, we exchanged the 1,800,000 Class B restricted shares held by executive officers other than the CEO for Class B restricted share units which have the same vesting and other terms as applied to the Class B restricted shares. The vesting of the restricted share units is contingent upon the completion of an initial public offering by us on an internationally recognized stock exchange, and are otherwise subject to vesting over a four-year period, subject to acceleration under certain circumstances, commencing February 1, 2008. The first vesting will occur, retroactively to the dates when they first otherwise would have vested, upon the expiration of the underwriters’ 180-day lock-up commencing on the date of this prospectus. The grant date fair value of the awards will be recognized in our consolidated statements of operations starting from the date when the vesting conditions become probable, which will occur upon the completion of this offering. The fair values of these awards were determined using the discounted cash flow method.

Share-based compensation expenses recorded under SFAS 123R for the year ended December 31, 2008 were $5.3 million compared to $0.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, and included share-based compensation paid by us to our executive officers and key employees, the allocated share-based compensation paid by Sohu to Sohu’s senior management who provide services to both Sohu and us, and the allocated share-based compensation paid by Sohu to certain of our employees who provide services to both Sohu and us.

Taxation

Under the current laws of the Cayman Islands, we are not subject to tax on income or capital gains. In addition, payment of dividends by us is not subject to withholding tax in the Cayman Islands.

Under the current Hong Kong Inland Revenue Ordinance, Changyou.com HK Limited is subject to 16.5% income tax on its taxable income generated from operations in Hong Kong. Additionally, payments of dividends by Changyou.com HK Limited to us are not subject to any Hong Kong withholding tax.

PRC Corporate Income Tax

Prior to January 1, 2008, our operating entities based in the PRC were governed by the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China concerning Foreign Investment Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises and the Enterprise Income Regulation (“the previous income tax law and rules”). Pursuant to the previous income tax law

 

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and rules, PRC enterprises were generally subject to Enterprise Income Tax (“EIT”) at a statutory rate of 33% (30% state income tax plus 3% local income tax), or 15% for certain technology enterprises, on PRC taxable income. Furthermore, new technology enterprises were exempted from PRC state income tax for three years, beginning with their first year of operations, and were entitled to a 50% tax reduction, to a rate of 7.5%, for the subsequent three years and 15% thereafter. During the years ended December 31, 2005, 2006 and 2007, most of our operations in the PRC were subject to an applicable tax rate of 7.5% or were exempted from income tax as new technology enterprises.

On January 1, 2008, the newly introduced Corporate Income Tax Laws, or New CIT Law, which unify the statutory income tax rate of enterprises in China to 25%, became effective. The New CIT Law provides a five-year transitional period for those entities established before March 16, 2007, which enjoyed a favorable income tax rate of less than 25% under the previous income tax laws and rules, to gradually change their rates to 25%. On April 14, 2008, relevant governmental regulatory authorities released qualification criteria, application procedures and assessment processes for “new technology enterprises,” which will be entitled to a favorable statutory tax rate of 15%. On July 8, 2008, relevant governmental regulatory authorities further clarified that new technology enterprises previously qualified under the previous income tax laws and rules as of December 31, 2007 would be allowed to enjoy grandfather treatment for the unexpired tax holidays, on condition that they were re-approved for new technology enterprise status under the regulations released on April 14, 2008. Due to uncertainty as to whether AmazGame and Gamease will eventually be approved for new technology enterprise status, the Company had accounted for its current and deferred income tax based on the enacted statutory tax rate of 25% for the three months ended March 31, 2008.

In addition, the New CIT Law provides that “software enterprises” can enjoy an income tax exemption for two years beginning with their first profitable year and a 50% tax reduction to a rate of 12.5% for the subsequent three years. Both AmazGame and Gamease are qualified as software enterprises, and this status began to apply from January 1, 2008. In the three months ended June 30, 2008, we were informed by the relevant tax bureau that both AmazGame and Gamease will be subject to 0% income tax rate for the full year 2008 and a 50% tax reduction for the following three years. Accordingly, both AmazGame and Gamease will enjoy a tax exemption for fiscal year 2008 and a 50% income tax reduction to a rate of 12.5% from fiscal year 2009 to fiscal year 2011. Thus, as we had adopted the statutory income tax rate of 25% to account for income tax expenses for the first quarter of 2008, during the second quarter of 2008 we reversed the income tax expenses provided for in the first quarter of 2008, and we adopted a 0% tax rate for the second through the fourth quarters of 2008. Despite the fact that both AmazGame and Gamease were subject to 0% tax rate for the full year of 2008, they were still required by the relevant tax bureau to prepay income tax at the statutory rate of 25% for the first three quarters of 2008, which amounted to $18.9 million. We were not required to prepay income tax for the fourth quarter of 2008. In January 2009, we received a full refund of such prepaid income tax from the relevant tax authorities.

Gamease may be subject to withholding taxes on the initial license fees and ongoing revenue-based royalties received from our licensees in various jurisdictions outside of the PRC. We recognize such foreign withholding taxes as income tax expense when related revenue of initial license fees and ongoing revenue-based royalties are recognized. $1.0 million, $38,000 and $nil were recognized as income tax expense related to withholding taxes for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

As required by the New CIT Law, the profits of a foreign invested enterprise arising in 2008 and onwards which are distributed to its immediate holding company outside the PRC, will be subject to a withholding tax rate of 10%. A lower withholding tax rate will be applied if there is a tax treaty or arrangement between the PRC and the jurisdiction of the foreign holding company. Holding companies in Hong Kong, for example, will be subject to a 5% withholding tax rate. In the fourth quarter of 2008, in preparation for this offering, AmazGame declared a dividend to Changyou HK, its immediate parent company in Hong Kong, and we accrued a withholding tax of $5.0 million based on the 5% withholding tax rate.

 

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PRC Business Tax and VAT

We operate and distribute our MMORPGs via Gamease in China. Gamease is subject to PRC business tax at the rate of 5% and related surcharges of 0.5% on the revenues from game operations. Our revenues are presented net of these business tax and related surcharges.

AmazGame pays business tax and value added tax on revenues that it derives from its contractual arrangements with Gamease for its services provided or products sold to Gamease. We account for such business tax and value added tax as a component of our cost of revenues.

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, appearing elsewhere in this prospectus. The preparation of these financial statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, we evaluate our estimates based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates under different assumptions or conditions. We believe accounting for recognition of revenues, the determination of share-based compensation expense, the assessment of income tax and valuation allowances against deferred tax assets, assessment of impairment for intangible assets, fixed assets and other assets and the determination of functional currencies represent critical accounting policies that reflect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements.

When reviewing our financial statements, you should consider (i) our selection of critical accounting policies, (ii) the judgment and other uncertainties affecting the application of such policies and (iii) the sensitivity of reported results to changes in conditions and assumptions.

Recognition of Revenue

We earn revenues from our current MMORPG operations by providing online services to game players pursuant to the item-based revenue model. For periods prior to our upgrading and relaunching of BO in December 2006, we operated BO under the time-based revenue model, where game players are charged based on the time they spend playing the game. Under the item-based revenue model, game players play games free of charge and are charged for purchases of virtual items.

Under both the item-based and the time-based revenue models, proceeds received from sales of prepaid cards are initially recorded as receipts in advance.

Proceeds from sale of prepaid cards to distributors are deferred when received and, for the item-based revenue model, revenue is recognized over the estimated lives of the virtual items purchased or as the virtual items are consumed. For the time-based revenue model, revenue is recognized based upon the actual usage of time units by the game players. The revenues are recorded net of business tax, sales discounts and rebates to our distributors. See “—Revenue Collection—Game Operations.”

Under our item-based revenue model, game players can access our games free of charge, but may purchase consumable virtual items, including those with a predetermined expiration time, such as three months, or perpetual items, such as certain costumes that stay binded to a game player for the life of the game. Revenues in relation to consumable virtual items are recognized as they are consumed, as our services in connection with these items have been fully rendered to our game players as of that time. Revenues in relation to perpetual virtual

 

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items are recognized over their estimated lives. We will provide continuous online game services in connection with these perpetual virtual items until they are no longer used by our game players. We have considered the average period that game players typically play our games and other game player behavior patterns to arrive at our best estimates for the lives of these perpetual virtual items. We have also considered that the estimated lives of perpetual virtual items may be affected by various factors, including the acceptance and popularity of expansion packs, promotional events launched and market conditions. However, given the relatively short operating history of our games, and of our most popular game TLBB in particular, our estimate of the period that game players typically play our games may not accurately reflect the estimated lives of the perpetual virtual items. We have adopted a policy of assessing the estimated lives of perpetual virtual items on a quarterly basis. All paying users’ data collected since the launch of the games are used to perform the relevant assessments. Historical behavior patterns of these paying users during the period between their first log-on date and last log-on date are used to estimate the lives of perpetual virtual items. While we believe our estimates to be reasonable based on available game player information, we may revise such estimates in the future as our games’ operation periods become longer and we continue to gain more operating history and data. Any adjustments arising from changes in the estimates of the lives of perpetual virtual items would be applied prospectively on the basis that such changes are caused by new information indicating a change in the game player behavior patterns. Any changes in our estimate of lives of perpetual virtual items may result in our revenues being recognized on a basis different from prior periods’ and may cause our operating results to fluctuate.

We also derive revenues from licensing our games in other countries and territories. The licensing agreements provided for two revenue streams, an initial license fee and a monthly revenue-based royalty based on monthly revenues from the games. The initial license fee consists of both a fixed amount and additional amounts receivable upon achieving certain sales targets. Since we are required to provide when-and-if-available upgrades to the licensees during the license period, both the fixed portion and the additional portion of the initial license fee are recognized ratably as revenue over the license period. The fixed portion of the initial license fee is recognized ratably over the remaining license period from the date the game is launched, and the additional portion of the initial license fee is recognized ratably over the remaining license period from the date such additional amount is certain. The monthly usage-based royalty fee is recognized when earned, provided that collectability is reasonably assured.

Share-Based Compensation Expenses

Our financial statements reflect the adoption as of January 1, 2006, of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment, or SFAS 123R, which requires all share-based payments to employees and directors, including grants of employee share options and restricted share units, to be recognized in the financial statements based on their fair values at grant date. The valuation provisions of SFAS 123R apply to new share-based awards, to share-based awards granted to employees and directors before the adoption of SFAS 123R whose related requisite services had not yet been provided, and to share-based awards which were subsequently modified or cancelled. In March 2005, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 107, or SAB 107, regarding the SEC’s interpretation of SFAS 123R and the valuation of share-based payments for public companies. We applied the provisions of SAB 107 in our adoption of SFAS 123R. Our share-based payments for periods prior to January 1, 2006 were accounted for in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinions (APB) 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, or APB 25, and complied with the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123. In general, share-based compensation expense under APB 25 was recognized based on the difference, if any, between the estimated fair value of Sohu common stock and the amount an employee was required to pay to acquire the stock, as determined on the date the option was granted. Pro forma information was disclosed to illustrate the effect on net income and net income per share if we had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to share-based employee compensation for the reporting periods.

Under SFAS 123R, we apply the Black-Scholes valuation model in determining the fair value of options granted to employees and directors. Under the transition provisions of SFAS 123R, we recognized compensation

 

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expense on options granted by Sohu prior to the adoption of SFAS 123R on an accelerated basis over the requisite service period, which is consistent with the methods we used when preparing pro forma information under SFAS 123. Restricted share units are measured based on the fair market value of the underlying shares on the grant dates. We recognize the relevant share-based compensation expenses on an accelerated basis over the requisite service period.

Under SFAS 123R, the number of share-based awards for which the service is not expected to be rendered for the requisite period should be estimated, and the related compensation expense not recorded for that number of awards. For pro forma disclosure under SFAS 123, we accounted for the effect of forfeitures only as the forfeitures occurred. We applied the modified prospective transition method, and therefore have not restated prior years’ results.

Our management and board of directors determined the fair values as of the January 2008 and April 2008 grant dates, relying in part on a report prepared by American Appraisal China Limited, or American Appraisal China. Determining the fair value of our ordinary shares required us to make complex and subjective judgments regarding our projected financial and operating results, our unique business risks, the liquidity of our ordinary shares and our operating history and prospects at the time the grants were made.

Because at the time of the grants our MMORPG business was at a different stage of its product life cycle than that of the publicly-listed companies in our industry, we concluded that a market comparison approach would not have been meaningful in determining the fair value of our ordinary shares. As a result, we and American Appraisal China used the income approach/discounted cash flow method to derive the fair values. We applied the discounted cash flow, or DCF, analysis based on our projected cash flow using management’s best estimate as of the respective valuation dates. The projected cash flow estimate included, among other things, an analysis of projected revenue growth, gross margins, effective tax rates, capital expenditures and working capital requirements. The income approach involves applying appropriate discount rates, based on earnings forecasts, to estimated cash flows. The assumptions we used in deriving the fair value of the ordinary shares were consistent with the assumptions that we used in developing our business plan, which included no material changes in the existing political, legal, fiscal and economic conditions in China; our ability to recruit and retain competent management, key personnel and technical staff to support our ongoing operations; and no material deviation in industry trends and market conditions from economic forecasts. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and subjective. The discount rates reflect the risks our management perceived as being associated with achieving the forecasts and are based on our estimated cost of capital, which was derived by using the capital asset pricing model, after taking into account systemic risks and company-specific risks. The capital asset pricing model is a model for pricing securities that adds an assumed risk premium rate of return to an assumed risk-free rate of return. Using this method, we determined the appropriate discount rates to be 22% as of the January 2008 valuation date and 23% as of the April 2008 valuation date.

We also applied a discount for lack of marketability, or DLOM, to reflect the fact that, at the time of the grants, we were a closely-held company and there was no public market for our ordinary shares. To determine the discount for lack of marketability, we and American Appraisal China used the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Pursuant to the Black-Scholes option pricing model, we used the cost of a put option, which can be used to hedge the price change before a privately held share can be sold, as the basis to determine the discount for lack of marketability. Based on the foregoing analysis, we used a DLOM of 19% to discount the value of our ordinary share as of the January 2008 and April 2008 valuation dates. Because there was no evidence to indicate that there would be a disproportionate return between majority and minority shareholders, we did not apply a minority discount. As a result, we concluded that the fair value of our company as a going concern was $136 million as of the January 2008 valuation date and $198 million as of the April 2008 valuation date. The fair value per ordinary share and restricted share as of the date of the grants made in January 2008 was $1.36 per share. The fair value per ordinary share and restricted share, and per ordinary share underlying each restricted share unit, as of the date of the grants made in April 2008 was $1.98 per share.

 

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Our assumptions were based on historical experience, with consideration to developing expectations about the future. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards and related share-based compensation expenses represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change or different assumptions are used our share-based compensation expense could be materially different for any period.

For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, our share-based compensation expenses amounted to $5.3 million, $443,000 and $389,000, respectively.

Income Tax and Valuation Allowance Against Deferred Tax Assets

We estimate income tax expense for each jurisdiction in which we operate and for each period presented, which includes estimating current tax exposure as well as assessing realizable deferred tax assets and deferred tax liabilities.

Prior to December 31, 2006, our deferred tax assets were primarily related to a net operating loss from operations. Subsequent to 2006, the majority of our deferred tax assets resulted from the differences between the book and tax bases of assets transferred as part of the reorganization of the MMORPG business and tax benefits from share-based compensation. As of December 31, 2007, we had recorded a full allowance against our gross deferred tax assets based on the following factors: (1) we were in a net loss position until 2007 and had no historical track record of profits to utilize the deferred tax assets; (2) uncertainty related to our entitlement to preferential tax treatment based on the new tax laws; (3) intense competition leading to uncertain success. In the year ended December 31, 2008, we reversed the allowance previously recorded and recognized deferred tax assets to the extent such deferred tax assets are expected to be realized for certain subsidiaries. If events were to occur in the future that would allow us to realize more of our deferred tax assets than the presently recorded amount, an adjustment would be made to the deferred tax assets that would increase income for the period. If events were to occur in the future that would require us to realize less of our deferred tax assets than the presently recorded amount, an adjustment would be made to the valuation allowance against deferred tax assets that would decrease income for the period. Significant management judgment is required in determining income tax expense and deferred tax assets and liabilities. As of December 31, 2008, our net deferred tax assets were $237,000, resulting from temporary differences between accounting and tax basis.

Assessment of Impairment for Long-lived Assets

Our long-lived assets include intangible assets, fixed assets and other assets.

Intangible assets mainly comprise the source codes, computer software purchased from unrelated third parties, and other finite-lived intangible assets which are separable from the fixed assets. We amortize the cost of intangible assets over their expected future economic lives. Fixed assets comprise computer equipment (including servers) and leasehold improvements, and are depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets on a straight-line basis. Other assets mainly include prepaid license fees and rental deposits. We amortize the license fees over the terms of the contracts. Management’s judgment is required in the assessment of the economic lives of intangible assets and useful lives of the fixed assets and other assets. Based on the existence of one or more indicators of impairment, we measure any impairment of intangible assets, fixed assets and other assets based on a projected discounted cash flow method using a discount rate determined by our management which is commensurate with the risk inherent in our business model. An impairment charge would be recorded if we determined that the carrying value of intangible assets, fixed assets or other assets may not be recoverable. Our estimates of future cash flows require significant judgment based on our historical results and anticipated results and are subject to many factors. As of December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, we were not aware of any indication of impairment of our intangible assets, fixed assets or other assets.

 

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Determination of Functional Currencies

Our reporting and functional currency is the U.S. dollar. The functional currency of our subsidiary and our VIE in China is the RMB, and the functional currency of Changyou HK is the U.S. dollar. An entity’s functional currency is the currency of the primary economic environment in which it operates. Normally, that is the currency of the environment in which it primarily generates and expends cash. Management’s judgment is essential in the determination of the functional currency which is made by assessing various indicators, such as cash flows, sales price and market, expenses, financing and inter-company transactions and arrangements. Assets and liabilities of our subsidiary and VIE in China are translated into U.S. dollars, our reporting currency, at the exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date and revenues and expenses are translated at the current exchange rate in effect during the reporting period. Foreign currency translation adjustments are not included in determining net income for the period but are accumulated in a separate component of consolidated equity on the balance sheet. The accumulated foreign currency translation adjustment as of December 31, 2008 was a gain of $631,000 and as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 was a loss of $472,000 and $324,000, respectively.

Year to Year Comparisons

Year Ended December 31, 2008 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2007

Revenues .      Total revenues increased by $159.7 million to $201.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $42.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our game operations revenues attributable to the success of TLBB, which we launched in May 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we generated game operations revenues of $194.6 million, consisting of $181.7 million from TLBB and $12.9 million from BO, compared to $41.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, consisting of $34.8 million from TLBB and $6.9 million from BO. For the year ended December 31, 2008, we generated overseas licensing revenues of $7.2 million, compared to $345,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007 as we started generating revenues from overseas licensing in August 2007.

Cost of Revenues .     Our cost of revenues increased by $7.3 million to $14.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to an increase in our salaries and benefits expenses, which increased by $2.8 million to $5.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, our PRC business tax and VAT that AmazGame pays on the revenues that it derives from its contractual arrangements with Gamease, which increased by $2.2 million to $2.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, bandwidth leasing and communication costs, which increased by $1.1 million to $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, and depreciation of computer equipment (including servers), which increased by $1.0 million to $2.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, all of which were due to the growth of TLBB and its full year operation.

Gross Profit .     As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit increased by $152.4 million to $187.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $34.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. Our gross margins were 92.8% and 82.6% for the years ended December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively.

Operating Expenses

 

  Ÿ  

Product Development Expenses .    Product development expenses increased by $17.2 million to $23.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to increases in salaries and benefits expense, which increased by $16.5 million to $22.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared

 

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to $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase in salaries and benefits expense was due to increases in both the number of game development personnel and salary levels, as we expanded our product development department to enhance our existing games and to develop new games, increased performance-based cash bonuses to reward our employees for their contribution to our strong performance, and higher share-based compensation expenses related to equity-based awards to key product development personnel, including to our CEO, Tao Wang. See “—Our Operating Expenses—Share-Based Compensation Expenses.”

 

  Ÿ  

Sales and Marketing Expenses .      Sales and marketing expenses increased by $19.0 million to $38.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to the increased advertising and promotion expenses, which increased by $18.3 million to $36.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $18.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. This increase is attributable to the marketing of TLBB and its expansion packs through online advertising on Sohu’s web domains and on other third-party websites, as well as offline marketing including Internet cafe promotional events.

 

  Ÿ  

General and Administrative Expenses .      General and administrative expenses increased by $6.1 million to $9.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to the increase in salaries and benefits expenses and professional fees. Salaries and benefits expenses increased by $4.3 million to $5.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, due to the expansion of our operations. Professional fees increased by $1.3 million to $2.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, incurred primarily for preparation for this offering and tax advisory services.

Operating Profit .    As a result of the foregoing, we had operating profit of $115.4 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to an operating profit of $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.

Interest Expense .    For the year ended December 31, 2008, interest expense was $0.2 million, compared to $61,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to a loan in the amount of $5.0 million from Sohu.com Limited in September 2007, all of which we contributed to the capital of AmazGame to be used for working capital purposes.

Interest Income and Foreign Currency Exchange Gain .    For the year ended December 31, 2008, interest income and foreign currency exchange gain was $1.2 million, compared to $44,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007. The increase was primarily due to increased interest income resulting from increases in cash deposited in our bank accounts. For the year ended December 31, 2008, foreign currency exchange loss was $0.2 million, compared to $nil for the year ended December 31, 2007, resulting from increases in cash balance and receivables denominated in U.S. dollars.

Other Expense .    For the year ended December 31, 2008, other expenses were $0.3 million, compared to $nil for the year ended December 31, 2007. This increase primarily represents the donation made to various charities assisting with relief efforts relating to the earthquake that hit the Sichuan province on May 12, 2008.

Income Tax Expense .     Income tax expense was $8.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007. During the year ended December 31, 2008, AmazGame and Gamease were qualified as software enterprises, which entitled them to a 0% tax rate for 2008. However, to obtain this preferential rate, we were required to repay certain tax exemption benefits amounting to $2.2 million that we took in 2007. In the fourth quarter of 2008, in preparation for this offering, AmazGame declared a dividend to Changyou HK, its immediate parent company in Hong Kong, and we accrued a withholding tax of $5.0 million based on the 5% withholding tax rate.

 

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Net Income .      As a result of the foregoing, we had net income of $108.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, compared to net income of $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007.

Year Ended December 31, 2007 Compared to Year Ended December 31, 2006

Revenues .      Total revenues increased by $33.6 million to $42.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $8.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was primarily due to an increase in our game operations revenues primarily attributable to the success of TLBB, which was launched in May 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we generated game operations revenues of $41.7 million, consisting of $34.8 million from TLBB and $6.9 million from BO, compared to $8.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, consisting of $nil from TLBB, $7.2 million from BO and $1.3 million from KO. For the year ended December 31, 2007, we generated overseas licensing revenues of $345,000, compared to $nil for the year ended December 31, 2006 as we started generating revenues from overseas licensing in August 2007.

Cost of Revenues .     Our cost of revenues increased by $3.4 million to $7.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $3.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to an increase in salaries and benefits expenses which increased by $1.4 million to $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, and bandwidth leasing costs, which increased by $1.1 million to $1.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, both of which were due to the launch of TLBB. These increases were offset by a decrease in revenue-based royalty payments, which decreased by $0.6 million to $1.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $2.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, as a result of decreases in revenues generated by KO due to its termination and decreases in revenues generated by BO due to its transition from the time-based revenue model to the item-based revenue model.

Gross Profit .      As a result of the foregoing, our gross profit increased by $30.2 million to $34.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $4.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. Our gross margins were 82.6% and 54.3% for the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Operating Expenses

 

  Ÿ  

Product Development Expenses .     Product development expenses increased by $4.7 million to $6.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $2.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to increases in salaries and benefits expenses and content and license expenses. Salaries and benefits expenses increased by $4.4 million to $5.7 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $1.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase was due to increases in both the number of game development personnel and salary levels, as we expanded our product development department to develop TLBB. In addition, we increased the awards of performance-based cash bonuses to our employees. The content and license fees increased by $335,000 to $477,000 for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $142,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006.

 

  Ÿ  

Sales and Marketing Expenses .      Sales and marketing expenses increased by $18.1 million to $19.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $1.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to the increased advertising and promotion expenses, which increased by $17.6 million to $18.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $1.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. This increase is attributable to the marketing for the launch of TLBB in May 2007 and its expansion packs through online advertising on Sohu’s domains and on other websites, as well as offline marketing including Internet cafe promotional events.

 

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  Ÿ  

General and Administrative Expenses .      General and administrative expenses increased by $2.1 million to $3.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $0.9 million for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to increases in salaries and benefits expenses and professional fees. Salaries and benefits expenses increased by $1.1 million to $1.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, due to the expansion of our operations. Professional fees increased by $0.9 million to $1.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $0.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2006, due to fees incurred in connection with our reorganization.

Operating Profit /(Loss) .      As a result of the foregoing, we had operating profit of $5.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to an operating loss of $1,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006.

Interest Expense .    For the year ended December 31, 2007, interest expense was $61,000 as compared to $nil for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was due to a loan in the amount of $5.0 million from Sohu.com Limited in September 2007, all of which we contributed to the capital of AmazGame to be used for working capital purposes.

Interest Income .    For the year ended December 31, 2007, interest income was $44,000 as compared to interest income of $20,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to increases in interest income resulting from increased cash deposited in our bank accounts.

Income Tax Expense .    Income tax expense was $0.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $161,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006. The increase was primarily due to increased pre- tax income in 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2006, although we had a pre-tax loss, certain of our subsidiaries had taxable profits.

Net Income .    As a result of the foregoing, we had net income of $5.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2007, compared to $9,000 for the year ended December 31, 2006.

Impact of Recently Issued Accounting Standards

In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Statement No. 157, Fair Value Measurements, or SFAS 157, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies to other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. However, on February 12, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-2 which would delay the effective date of SFAS 157 for all non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). This FSP partially defers the effective date of Statement 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years for items within the scope of this FSP.

On January 1, 2008, we adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” or SFAS 157, for financial assets and liabilities. As permitted by FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No 157,” we elected to defer the adoption of SFAS 157 for all non-financial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurement. The carrying amount of our cash approximates their fair value due to the short maturity of those instruments. The carrying value of receivables and payables approximates their market value based on their short-term maturities. As of December 31, 2008, the initial adoption of SFAS 157 had no effect on our consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

 

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In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Statement No. 141 (Revised 2007), Business Combinations, or SFAS 141R. SFAS 141R provides additional guidance on improving the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. This Statement applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Management believes that there will be no material impact on its financial statements upon adoption of this standard.

In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51, or SFAS 160. SFAS 160 amends ARB No. 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for the noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This Statement is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. Management believes there will be no material impact on its financial statements upon adoption of this standard.

In December 2007, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 110, or SAB 110. SAB 110 states that the staff will continue to accept, under certain circumstances, the use of the simplified method for estimating the expected term of “plain vanilla” share options in accordance with SFAS 123R beyond December 31, 2007. Management believes there will be no material impact on its financial statements upon adoption of this standard.

In April 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position No. FAS 142-3, Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets, or FSP FAS 142-3. FSP FAS 142-3 amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets, or SFAS 142. The intent of FSP FAS 142-3 is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS 142 and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under SFAS 141(R) and other applicable accounting literature. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of FSP FAS 142-3 on its consolidated financial statements.

 

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Selected Quarterly Results of Operations

The following table sets forth selected unaudited quarterly results of operations for the eight quarters ended December 31, 2008. We have prepared this unaudited financial information on the same basis as our audited consolidated financial statements. This unaudited financial information includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal and recurring adjustments, that our management considers necessary for a fair presentation of our financial position and operating results for the quarters presented. The operating results in any quarter are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for any future period.

 

     For the Three Months Ended  
     Mar. 31,
2007
    June 30,
2007
    Sept. 30,
2007
   Dec. 31,
2007
    Mar. 31,
2008
    June 30,
2008
    Sept. 30,
2008
    Dec. 31,
2008
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Revenues:

                 

Game operations revenues

   1,617     3,825     12,577    23,732     40,574     45,730     51,893     56,410  

Overseas licensing revenues

   —       —       116    229     381     2,166     2,711     1,980  
                                               

Total revenues

   1,617     3,825     12,693    23,961     40,955     47,896     54,604     58,390  

Cost of revenues (1)

   869     1,558     2,110    2,780     3,229     3,519     3,505     4,380  
                                               

Gross profit

   748     2,267     10,583    21,181     37,726     44,377     51,099     54,010  

Operating expenses:

                 

Product development (1)

   489     821     2,203    3,225     5,633     4,920     6,344     6,965  

Sales and marketing (1)

   1,478     5,513     6,389    6,471     8,558     9,553     10,857     9,949  

General and administrative (1)

   170     290     1,160    1,372     2,334     2,042     1,424     3,253  
                                               

Total operating expenses

   2,137     6,624     9,752    11,068     16,525     16,515     18,625     20,167  
                                               

Operating (loss) profit

   (1,389 )   (4,357 )   831    10,113     21,201     27,862     32,474     33,843  

Other income (expense)

   4     5     561    —       (3 )   (288 )   —       13  

Interest expense

   —       —       —      (61 )   (59 )   (59 )   (60 )   (67 )

Interest income and foreign currency exchange gain

   1     9     24    10     37     223     377     598  
                                               

(Loss) income before income tax expense

   (1,384 )   (4,343 )   1,416    10,062     21,176     27,738     32,791     34,387  

Income tax expense (benefit)

   —       —       —      452     5,969     (3,885 )   707     5,315  
                                               

Net (loss) income

   (1,384 )   (4,343 )   1,416    9,610     15,207     31,623     32,084     29,072  
                                               

 

(1)   Share-based compensation expenses included in above operating results are as follows:

 

    For the Three Months Ended
    March 31,
2007
  June 30,
2007
  September 30,
2007
  December 31,
2007
  March 31,
2008
  June 30,
2008
  September 30,
2008
  December 31,
2008
    ($ in thousands)

Cost of revenues

  16   15   3   4   5   5   —     4

Product development

  65   61   25   19   1,798   791   1,175   1,155

Sales and marketing

  —     —     6   4   4   4   —     2

General and administrative

  15   29   79   102   189   82   76   57

Seasonality

During and around school holidays and public holidays in China, we typically experience decreases in our average concurrent users and peak concurrent users, but such decreases historically have not had any significant impact on our revenues.

 

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Liquidity and Capital Resources

To date, we have financed our operations primarily through cash flows from equity contributions by Sohu and cash flows from operations. We also received loans in the amount of $5.0 million and $3.5 million from Sohu.com Limited in September 2007 and December 2008, respectively.

Our current cash and cash equivalents consist of cash on hand and bank deposits with original maturities of three months or less that are placed with banks. We do not expect to experience an increase in our net working capital requirements in the foreseeable future due to our current liquidity and expected positive operating cash flow as we generally receive cash payments from distributors upon delivery of our prepaid game cards to them and therefore do not have significant accounts receivable from customers.

As of December 31, 2008, we had $134.4 million in cash and cash equivalents. We intend prior to the completion of this offering to declare a cash dividend of $96.8 million payable solely to Sohu.com (Game) Limited, which is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc. The payment of the dividend is subject to receipt of PRC government approvals for AmazGame, our indirect subsidiary in China, to pay a cash dividend of $101.8 million to us through our Hong Kong subsidiary, Changyou HK. In connection with such dividend, we are required to withhold PRC tax of $5.0 million. We have accrued the $5.0 million PRC withholding tax on our current liabilities as of December 31, 2008. Until the dividend to Sohu.com (Game) Limited is paid, the amount of the dividend we intend to declare will also be reflected in our current liabilities. Upon payment of the dividend to Sohu.com (Game) Limited, and the payment of the $5.0 million withholding tax to the PRC tax authorities, the amount of our cash and bank deposits will be reduced by $101.8 million, and our current liabilities will be reduced by the same amount. We do not expect the payment of such dividend to adversely affect our ability to meet our working capital requirements for the foreseeable future. We believe that our current cash, together with the proceeds from this offering as well as cash flows from operations will be sufficient to meet our anticipated cash needs for the next twelve months. We may, however, require additional cash resources due to changed business conditions or other future developments, including any investments or acquisitions we may decide to pursue.

The following table sets forth a summary of our cash flows for the periods indicated:

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2006     2007     2008  
    

($ in thousands)

 

Net cash provided by operating activities

   1,648     35,512     133,916  

Net cash used in investing activities*

   (733 )   (3,115 )   (7,806 )

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   329     (18,426 )   (7,305 )

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

   (219 )   (99 )   215  
                  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

   1,025     13,872     119,020  

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year

   522     1,547     15,419  
                  

Cash and cash equivalents at end of the year

   1,547     15,419     134,439  
                  

 

*   Consists mainly of capital expenditures and proceeds from the disposal of interests in an associate.

Operating Activities

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $133.9 million, which was primarily attributable to the following factors: (i) net income of $108.0 million, (ii) an increase in accrued liabilities of $18.7 million, which included accrued compensation and benefits, (iii) an increase in receipts in advance and deferred revenue of $12.5 million due to increased proceeds received from sales of

 

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prepaid game cards and game points and (iv) an increase in tax payables of $8.1 million due to the accrual of a 5.0% withholding tax in relation to the dividends declared by AmazGame to Changyou HK and the accrual of business tax and VAT, partially offset by an increase in prepaid and other current assets of $20.3 million primarily consisting of tax refund receivables.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2007 was $35.5 million, which was primarily attributable to the following factors: (i) net income of $5.3 million, (ii) expenses allocated from Sohu of $15.9 million primarily consisting of sales and marketing expenses and other costs due to Sohu in the amount of $14.6 million, (iii) an increase in receipts in advance and deferred revenue of $7.1 million due to increased proceeds received from sales of prepaid game cards and game points, and (iv) an increase in payable to Sohu of $11.8 million, primarily due to sales and marketing services provided by Sohu, partially offset by an increase in receivable from Sohu of $8.8 million for online sales of our virtual prepaid game cards and game points directly to game players conducted through Sohu’s PEAK system.

Net cash provided by operating activities for the year ended December 31, 2006 was $1.6 million, which was primarily attributable to expenses allocated from Sohu of $1.4 million.

Investing Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2008, net cash used in investing activities was $7.8 million and was primarily attributable to purchase of fixed assets, consisting primarily of leasehold improvements and computer equipment (including servers), for the aggregate amount of $7.3 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, net cash used in investing activities was $3.1 million. This was primarily attributable to the purchase of fixed and other assets, consisting primarily of computer equipment (including servers), for the aggregate amount of $4.8 million partially offset by the proceeds of $1.7 million from the disposal of a 15% equity interest in Beijing Pixel Software Technology Co. Ltd, an associate.

For the year ended December 31, 2006, net cash used in investing activities was $0.7 million due to purchase of fixed and other assets.

Financing Activities

For the year ended December 31, 2008, net cash used in financing activities was $7.3 million, which was primarily due to a distribution to Sohu of a deemed dividend of $9.9 million, partially offset by short-term loan proceeds from Sohu of $3.5 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2007, net cash used in financing activities was $18.4 million, which was primarily attributable to a distribution to Sohu of $23.4 million, partially offset by short term loan proceeds from Sohu of $5.0 million.

For the year ended December 31, 2006, net cash provided by financing activities was $0.3 million due to a contribution from Sohu.

Restrictions on Cash Transfers to Us

To fund any cash requirements we may have from time to time, we may need to rely on dividends, loans or advances made by our PRC subsidiary. We conduct substantially all of our operations through Gamease, our VIE, which generates all of our revenues. As Gamease is not owned by our subsidiaries, it is not able to make dividend payments to our subsidiaries. Instead, AmazGame, our subsidiary in China, has entered into a number of contracts with Gamease to provide services to Gamease in return for cash payments. In order for us to receive any dividends, loans or advances from AmazGame, or to distribute any dividends to our shareholders and ADS

 

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holders, we will need to rely on these payments made from Gamease to AmazGame. Depending on the nature of services provided by AmazGame to Gamease, certain of these payments are subject to PRC taxes, including business taxes and VAT, which effectively reduce the amount that AmazGame receives from Gamease. In addition, the PRC government could impose restrictions on such payments or change the tax rates applicable to such payments.

In addition, regulations in the PRC currently permit payment of dividends of a PRC company, such as AmazGame, only out of accumulated profits as determined in accordance with accounting standards and regulations in China. AmazGame is also required to set aside at least 10% of its after-tax profit based on PRC accounting standards each year to its general reserves until the cumulative amount reaches 50% of AmazGame’s registered capital. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends, or as loans or advances. AmazGame may also allocate a portion of its after-tax profits, as determined by its board of directors, to its staff welfare and bonus funds, which may not be distributed to us. In addition, if AmazGame incurs debt on its own behalf in the future, the instruments governing the debt may restrict its ability to pay dividends or make other distributions to us.

Furthermore, under regulations of the SAFE, the Renminbi is not convertible into foreign currencies for capital account items, such as loans, repatriation of investments and investments outside of China, unless the prior approval of the SAFE is obtained and prior registration with the SAFE is made.

Any dividends paid by AmazGame to Changyou HK will be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5%, which will reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to us.

We do not expect any of such restrictions or taxes to have a material impact on our ability to meet our cash obligations.

Capital Expenditures

Our capital expenditures include the purchase of fixed assets and other assets. Our capital expenditures were $7.0 million, $5.5 million and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments

The following table sets forth our contractual obligations and commercial commitments as of December 31, 2008:

 

     Payment Due by Period
     Total    Less than
1 Year
   1-3 Years    3-5 Years    More than
5 Years
     ($ in thousands)

Operating lease obligations

   2,632    750    1,330    552    —  

Bandwidth leasing charges

   2,145    1,418    727    —      —  
                        

Total

   4,777    2,168    2,057    552    —  
                        

Other than the obligations set forth above, we did not have any material long-term debt obligations, operating lease obligations, purchase obligations or other long-term liabilities as of December 31, 2008.

Off-balance Sheet Commitments and Arrangements

We have not entered into any financial guarantees or other commitments to guarantee the payment obligations of third parties. We have not entered into any derivative contracts that are indexed to our shares and

 

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classified as shareholder’s equity, or that are not reflected in our consolidated financial statements. Furthermore, we do not have any retained or contingent interest in assets transferred to an unconsolidated entity that serves as credit, liquidity or market risk support to such entity. We do not have any variable interest in any unconsolidated entity that provides financing, liquidity, market risk or credit support to us or that engages in leasing, hedging or product development services with us.

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

Foreign Currency Exchange Risk

While our reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, to date the majority of our revenues and costs are denominated in RMB and a significant portion of our assets and liabilities are denominated in RMB. As a result, we are exposed to foreign exchange risk as our revenues and results of operations may be affected by fluctuations in the exchange rate between U.S. dollar and RMB. If the RMB depreciates against the U.S. dollar, the value of our RMB revenues and assets as expressed in our U.S. dollar financial statements will decline. For example, as reported in our U.S. dollar financial statements included in this prospectus, our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2008 were $201.8 million and our total assets as of December 31, 2008 were $176.7 million, representing revenues of RMB1,376.8 million and total assets of RMB1,205.5 million at the noon buying rate of RMB6.8225 to $1.00 on December 31, 2008. If the value of the RMB were to depreciate by approximately 10% to RMB7.5000 to $1.00, the value of the same amount of RMB-denominated revenue and total assets in U.S. dollars would be $183.6 million and $160.7 million, respectively. We do not hold any derivative or other financial instruments that expose us to substantial market risk. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Doing Business in China—Fluctuation in the value of the Renminbi may have a material adverse effect on your investment.”

The RMB is currently freely convertible under the “current account,” which includes dividends, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not under the “capital account,” which includes foreign direct investment. In addition, commencing on July 21, 2005, China reformed its exchange rate regime by changing to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand with reference to a basket of currencies. Provisions on Administration of Foreign Exchange, as amended in August 2008, further changed China’s exchange regime to a managed floating exchange rate regime based on market supply and demand. Under the managed floating exchange rate regime, the RMB is no longer pegged to the U.S. dollar. The exchange rate of the RMB against the U.S. dollar was adjusted to RMB8.11 per U.S. dollar as of July 22, 2005, representing an appreciation of about 2%. The People’s Bank of China will announce the closing prices of foreign currencies such as the U.S. dollar traded against the RMB in the inter-bank foreign exchange market after the closing of the market on each business day, and will make such prices the central parity for trading against the RMB on the following business day. On May 19, 2007, the People’s Bank of China announced a policy to expand the maximum daily floating range of RMB trading prices against the U.S. dollar in the inter-bank spot foreign exchange market from 0.3% to 0.5%. While the international reactions to the RMB revaluation and widening of the RMB’s daily trading band have generally been positive, with the increased floating range of the RMB’s value against foreign currencies, the RMB may appreciate or depreciate significantly in value against the U.S. dollar or other foreign currencies in the long term, depending on the fluctuation of the basket of currencies against which it is currently valued. To date, we have not entered into any hedging transactions in an effort to reduce our exposure to foreign currency exchange risk. While we may decide to enter into hedging transactions in the future, the effectiveness of these hedges may be limited and we may not be able to successfully hedge our exposure. Accordingly, we may incur economic losses in the future due to foreign exchange rate fluctuations, which could have a negative impact on our financial condition and results of operations.

 

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Inflation Rate Risk

According to the National Bureau of Statistics of China, the change in the consumer price index in China was 5.9%, 4.8% and 1.5% in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. If inflation continues to rise, it may materially and adversely affect our business.

Interest Rate Risk

Our investment policy limits our investments of excess cash in high-quality corporate securities and limits the amount of credit exposure to any one issuer. We protect and preserve our invested funds by limiting default, market and reinvestment risk. We have not been, nor do we expect to be, exposed to material risks due to changes in interest rates on borrowings because we have not incurred, and do not expect to incur, any significant third-party debt. Our current outstanding loan payables to Sohu in the amount of $8.5 million bear annual interest rates ranging from 4.8% to 5.05%.

 

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BUSINESS

Overview

We are a leading online game developer and operator in China as measured by the popularity of our game Tian Long Ba Bu, or TLBB. TLBB, which was launched in May 2007, was ranked by International Data Corporation, or IDC, for 2007 as the third most popular online game overall in China and the second most popular online game in China among locally-developed online games. We engage in the development, operation and licensing of our massively multi-player online role-playing games, or MMORPGs, which are interactive online games that may be played simultaneously by hundreds of thousands of game players. We currently operate two MMORPGs, TLBB, which we developed in-house, and Blade Online, or BO, which we licensed from a third party. For the three months ended December 31, 2008, we had approximately 1.8 million active paying accounts for TLBB and approximately 159,000 active paying accounts for BO.

TLBB is a martial arts game with 2.5D graphics. In May 2007, the month of its launch, TLBB’s peak concurrent users surpassed 400,000, and its quarterly peak concurrent users for the fourth quarter of 2008 was approximately 738,000. In March 2009, its peak concurrent users exceeded 800,000. TLBB is adapted from the popular Chinese martial arts novel “ Tian Long Ba Bu, ” which means “ Novel of Eight Demigods, ” written by the famous writer Louis Cha. Millions of copies of his novels have been sold in numerous languages, and they have been adapted into various movies and television series. To leverage the success of TLBB, we licensed the game to third-party operators to operate the game in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore.

We have three new MMORPGs in the pipeline, including the Duke of Mount Deer, or DMD, Immortal Faith, or IF, and the Legend of the Ancient World, or LAW. DMD, which we are developing in-house, is also based on a popular martial arts novel written by Louis Cha. We have licensed IF and LAW from third parties. We expect to begin open beta testing of IF and DMD in the second and fourth quarters of 2009, respectively, and of LAW in early 2010.

Sohu.com Inc., our controlling shareholder, has operated a leading Chinese Internet portal, Sohu.com, since 1998. Sohu had more than 250 million registered accounts as of December 31, 2008. We have benefited from Sohu’s strong brand recognition in China, large user base and pre-launch game review services. Sohu’s trusted brand name in China provides us with a broad marketing reach. By marketing across Sohu’s web domains and taking advantage of the Sohu Group’s single-user ID system that provides easy access to our games, we believe we have been able to tap into Sohu’s large user base to drive new users to our games. Sohu’s experienced game editors review and critique our games prior to launch, thereby improving the quality of our games. We intend to continue to leverage our relationships with Sohu in the development, marketing and operation of our games.

We operate our current games under the item-based revenue model, meaning game players can play our games for free, but may choose to pay for virtual items to enhance the game-playing experience. Game players purchase prepaid game cards or game points, which are used to purchase virtual items. We sell our prepaid game cards to approximately 100 regional distributors throughout China, who in turn sub-distribute them to numerous retail outlets, including Internet cafes and various websites, news stands, software stores, book stores and retail stores.

We continually collect feedback from our game players through multiple channels. Our product development team and our game operations team work closely together, allowing us to translate game player feedback into game updates and expansion packs in a timely manner. We typically produce expansion packs, which contain significant upgrades, every few months, and update TLBB on a weekly basis with interim enhancements. We believe that such expansion packs and regular updates improve the game-playing experience and help to maintain the interest level of TLBB’s players, thereby helping us to extend the lifespan of the game.

 

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Our revenues grew from $42.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2007 to $201.8 million for the year ended December 31, 2008, and our net income grew from $5.3 million to $108.0 million during the same period. For the year ended December 31, 2008, 93.6% of our total revenues were attributable to TLBB.

Industry Background

Overview

According to the China Internet Network Information Center, or CNNIC, in June 2008, China surpassed the United States as the largest Internet market in the world. According to IDC, as of December 31, 2007, the number of Internet users in China had reached 234 million, an increase of 18.7% compared with December 31, 2006, and is expected to grow to approximately 390 million by 2012. Within the China Internet market, online games has been a fast growing segment and one of the most popular activities for Internet users. Online games are computer games that can be played over the Internet generally through a broadband connection and can involve a multitude of game players from different locations simultaneously.

According to IDC, China’s online game players reached 40.2 million in 2007, and generated revenues of $1.4 billion, representing a 61.5% increase over those in 2006. China’s online game revenues are expected to continue to grow to $3.4 billion in 2012, representing a compound annual growth rate, or CAGR, of 19.9% from 2007 to 2012. The number of China’s paying online game players is expected to grow from 22.4 million in 2007 to 50.4 million in 2012, representing a CAGR of 17.6%.

The table below sets forth the projected growth of the online game industry in China.

 

    2007   2008E   2009E   2010E   2011E   2012E   CAGR
(2007-2012)
 

Internet users (in millions)

  233.9   275.1   319.0   348.8   372.4   389.5   10.7 %

Online game players (in millions)

  40.2   48.3   57.3   66.5   75.7   84.6   16.0 %

Paying online game players (in millions)

  22.4   27.1   32.5   38.1   44.2   50.4   17.6 %

Paying online game player penetration (%)

  55.7   56.1   56.7   57.3   58.4   59.6   N/A  

Online game revenues ($ in billions)

  1.4   1.9   2.4   2.8   3.1   3.4   19.9 %

 

Source: IDC, China Gaming End-User Survey 2008 and China Gaming 2008-2012 Forecast and Analysis

Types of Online Games

Online games can generally be classified into two categories: MMORPGs and casual games.

 

  Ÿ  

MMORPGs :    MMORPGs, which stands for massively multi-player online role-playing games, allow hundreds of thousands of game players to simultaneously play and interact in a virtual game world, and generally involves game players assuming specific roles or characters in the game. MMORPGs are continuous, with no ending to the game story, and evolve even when the game player is not playing. These games enable game players to create and control characters that accumulate and develop personalized experience, skills and game attributes by exploring the game world, completing tasks and interacting with other game players or network-operated “non-playing characters.” Due to these characteristics, MMORPG players can spend a significant amount of time playing these games and tend to have a high degree of loyalty to the games.

 

  Ÿ  

Casual Games :    Casual games have relatively simple content and provide limited interaction among game players. Generally, these games are played individually or involve fewer than ten game players that simultaneously play and interact. Casual games are session-based, so games can be played to conclusion within a period of time. Popular casual games include various sports games, such as soccer and car racing, music games and others such as blackjack, poker, chess and puzzles.

 

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MMORPGs are currently the dominant type of online game in China. According to IDC, revenues from MMORPGs in China reached $1.1 billion in 2007, representing an increase of 51.3% over 2006, and accounted for 76.0% of China’s online games revenues in 2007. In addition, the top four online game operators in China, measured by revenues in 2007, all generated revenues principally or exclusively from MMORPGs. MMORPGs are expected to remain the dominant game type in China. The following table sets forth IDC’s forecast of revenues generated from MMORPGs in China from 2007 to 2012.

China Online Game Forecast by Type of Online Game

 

    2007   2008E   2009E   2010E   2011E   2012E   CAGR
(2007-2012)
 

MMORPGs ($ in billions)

  1.1   1.3   1.5   1.8   2.0   2.1   15.2 %

Market share (%)

  76.0   68.4   65.0   64.2   63.4   62.2   N/A  

Casual games ($ in billions)

  0.3   0.6   0.8   1.0   1.1   1.3   31.4 %

Market share (%)

  24.0   31.6   35.0   35.8   36.6   37.8   N/A  

 

Source:   IDC, China Gaming 2008-2012 Forecast and Analysis

For MMORPGs, game players typically pay to play following either a “time-based” or “item-based” revenue model.

 

  Ÿ  

Item-based:     Under the item-based revenue model, game players can play games for free, but may choose to pay for virtual items and other add-on services provided by game operators to enhance the game-playing experience.

 

  Ÿ  

Time-based :    Under the time-based revenue model, game players are required to pay for online games based on the amount of their playing time.

On the other hand, most online casual games are either entirely free to play or require game players to pay a one-time fee to purchase game software in order to play, although some casual games are beginning to adopt either a “time-based” or “item-based” revenue model as well.

The time-based revenue model had been the traditional revenue model for online games. In recent years, due to their more flexible payment option and scalable nature from the potentially unlimited number of virtual items that can be sold in each game, item-based games have become increasingly popular among game players and game operators in China compared to time-based games. As a result, the item-based revenue model has experienced wide-spread adoption among China’s online games. According to IDC, most of the new online games launched in 2007 adopted the item-based revenue model. In addition, revenues from item-based online games more than doubled, which reached $0.9 billion and accounted for 67.5% of China’s total online game revenues in 2007, overtaking the time-based revenue model as the dominant revenue model for online games. This trend is expected to continue, with revenues from item-based online games forecasted to reach $2.9 billion, or 84.0% of total online game revenues in 2012. The following table sets forth IDC’s forecast of revenues generated from item-based online games and time-based online games in China from 2007 to 2012.

China Online Game Forecast by Revenue Model

 

    2007   2008E   2009E   2010E   2011E   2012E   CAGR
(2007-2012)
 

Time-based model ($ in billions)

  0.5   0.6   0.6   0.6   0.6   0.6   4.1 %

Market share (%)

  32.5   29.3   24.6   21.7   18.9   16.0   N/A  

Item-based model ($ in billions)

  0.9   1.4   1.8   2.2   2.5   2.9   25.3 %

Market share (%)

  67.5   70.8   75.4   78.3   81.1   84.0   N/A  

 

Source: IDC, China Gaming 2008-2012 Forecast and Analysis

 

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Key Characteristics of the Online Game Market in China

Growing Popularity of Online Games Developed by Chinese Game Developers

Online games developed by Chinese game developers tend to be more popular among online game players in China. In 2007, they occupied 65.1% of China’s online game market in terms of revenue and comprised six of the top ten most popular online games in China, according to IDC. As these games often incorporate Chinese themes in their storylines, such as martial arts, Chinese legends and folklores, they appeal to Chinese game players. Licensing abroad of online games developed by Chinese game developers has also proven successful, and such games are gradually gaining recognition in overseas markets. The PRC government has also issued policies and adopted various measures to support the growth of locally-developed online games, such as the “China Homegrown Online Game Publication Project” promoted by GAPP.

Slow Pace of Upgrading Personal Computer Hardware

Although personal computers and other computer hardware with advanced specifications are available in China, the personal computers used to play online games, including those in Internet cafes (where many online games are played) and in homes are usually much less advanced, and may be generations behind the most advanced hardware available. As a result, online games that are designed to require lower system resources and flexible hardware requirements, yet that still feature attractive graphics, are able to reach a larger pool of potential game players in China. Generally, 2D games have lower system and hardware requirements than 3D games. On the other hand, 3D games generally have better quality graphics than 2D games. 2.5D games are in between 2D and 3D games in system and hardware requirements as well as overall graphics quality. As 2.5D games are suitable for most personal computers in China, yet feature a higher quality of graphics than 2D games , 2.5D online games are very popular in China’s online game market today.

Increasingly Competitive Market Dynamics

The online game market in China has become increasingly competitive, with more than 140 online game developers and 281 game titles in 2007, according to IDC. The large number of online games on the market has placed significant pressure on the cost of developing and marketing new online games, and the large number of online game developers has intensified competition for talent. To lower cost and attract talent from different places, certain large online game developers have established research and development centers in cities and regions outside of the relatively developed and high cost cities such as Beijing, Shanghai and Guangzhou. However, despite this crowded marketplace for online games in China, certain hit games have been able to stay popular for several years. To extend the lifespan of their games, online game developers and operators have employed various strategies, including closely monitoring user preferences, applying innovative promotion strategies, introducing frequent updates and providing more comprehensive updates with expansion packs to existing games. Due to these changing market dynamics, operators with access to large game player bases or strong capitalization generally have a competitive advantage. In 2007, the top ten online game companies in terms of revenue occupied 91.8% of China’s online game market share, according to IDC.

Rampant Cheating Programs and Hacking Activities

Unauthorized trading and theft of virtual items, the use of computer game “robots,” unauthorized character enhancements and other hacking or cheating activities are prevalent in China’s online game market. Proliferation of these activities in an online game not only impairs the game-playing experience for game players, but also damages the reputation and credibility of the game developer and operator. While the overall situation has improved, 35.1% of game players still reported losses of game characters or virtual items due to theft in 2007 compared to 45.6% in 2006, according to IDC. Unauthorized third-party programs and game security breaches were also listed as two of the top three reasons that cause game players to abandon an online

 

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game. We believe that the ability to develop effective anti-hacking and anti-cheating mechanisms to maintain a reliable and fair game environment is critical to the success of online game developers and operators.

Our Competitive Strengths

We believe that the following competitive strengths enable us to compete effectively and to capitalize on the rapid growth in the online game market in China:

Leading Market Position in the China Online Game Market

We have developed and operate one of China’s most popular MMORPGs, TLBB. TLBB was ranked by IDC for 2007 as the third most popular online game overall in China and the second most popular online game in China among locally-developed online games. We launched TLBB in May 2007 and its peak concurrent users reached more than 400,000 within that month. TLBB’s peak concurrent users reached approximately 738,000 for the three months ended December 31, 2008. We have gained valuable experience in developing, marketing and operating TLBB, and through TLBB’s success, we have gained credibility and developed our reputation in the industry and among online game players in China. TLBB won the 2008 “Best Self-Developed Online Games (First Place)” and the 2008 “Most Liked Online Games by Game Players (First Place)” awards given by ChinaJoy at the 2008 China Digital Entertainment Expo and Conference. In 2008, TLBB also ranked first in the martial arts online game category according to a Baidu.com game player survey. DMD won the 2008 “Most Anticipated Online Games by Game Players (Second Place)” award given by ChinaJoy.

Strong Capability to Timely Translate Game Player Feedback into Game Enhancements to Extend the Lifespan of Our Games

We have a highly integrated system connecting our game operations team with our game development team, allowing us to effectively respond to our game players’ preferences and feedback and translate such knowledge into game enhancements in a timely manner. Our game operations department collects our game players’ feedback through various online and offline channels and typically determines within a short period of time whether the feedback should be communicated to our product development department to be further analyzed for potential use for game enhancements. Our product development team in Beijing consists of 220 game development personnel with extensive experience in MMORPG development, enabling us to process feedback in a timely manner and make improvements to our games either through regular game updates, which we typically provide once or twice a week, or more significant enhancements, which we typically provide every few months through expansion packs. We believe that these updates and enhancements help us to maintain game players’ interest in our games and extend their lifespan.

Leading Technology Platform

We believe we have a leading technology platform for MMORPG development and operation. The key features of our technology platform include:

 

  Ÿ  

Uniform game development platform.     We have developed, tested and refined a uniform game development platform during the development process of TLBB. This platform provides a blueprint for the development of our future MMORPGs, which we believe will enable us to develop MMORPGs efficiently with visually attractive graphics and improve the overall quality of our MMORPGs.

 

  Ÿ  

Advanced 2.5D graphics engine.     Our 2.5D graphics engine balances graphics quality and personal computer hardware requirements. Our 2.5D graphics engine can generate high-quality graphics with three-dimensional depiction of the background, virtual items and characters, yet has relatively low personal computer hardware requirements compared to those games that use a 3D graphics engine.

 

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This is particularly important in China, where personal computer hardware used in Internet cafes and in homes may be generations behind the most advanced hardware available.

 

  Ÿ  

Effective anti-cheating and anti-hacking technologies.     China’s online game market is vulnerable to cheating and hacking software, which could significantly affect the fairness of the game environment and security of the game players’ accounts. We have developed anti-cheating and anti-hacking technologies to ensure fair game play and protect game players’ accounts. For example, we employ measures that enable us to detect and disable the use of “robots,” which are programs that allow a game player to maintain its position in the game and even enhance its character’s skills while the game player is not playing, or other cheating software. We also have technologies that allow us to detect in-game hacking activities to protect the integrity of our game players’ accounts.

 

  Ÿ  

Proprietary cross-networking technology.     The telecommunications networks in the northern and southern regions of China are operated by two different operators. As a result, it is common for Internet users to face connectivity issues in accessing online content from a different region, which can cause significant problems for online game players, many of whom are college students who tend to have a higher geographical mobility. We have developed proprietary cross-networking technology that effectively resolves this problem by using a network of “middle-man servers” to link various data centers throughout China, thus ensuring smooth network performance regardless of the locations of the game player and his or her account in China.

 

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Advanced data protection technology.     We have developed technology that allows for the real-time preservation of our game players’ data, enabling our game players to maintain their positions in the game after unexpected server outages and program crashes due to software bugs.

Strong Marketing and Game Development Support from Sohu

Sohu, our controlling shareholder, has operated a leading Chinese Internet portal, Sohu.com, since 1998. Sohu had more than 250 million registered accounts as of December 31, 2008. We have benefited from Sohu’s strong brand recognition, large user base and pre-launch game review services. Sohu’s trusted brand name in China provides us with a broad marketing reach. By marketing across Sohu’s web domains and taking advantage the Sohu Group’s single-user ID system which provides easy access to our games, we believe we have been able to tap into Sohu’s large user base to drive new users to our games. Sohu’s experienced game editors review and critique our games prior to their launch, thereby improving the quality of our games. We intend to continue to leverage our relationships with Sohu in the development, marketing and operation of our games.

Experienced Management Team with Local Game Development and Operational Expertise

We have an experienced management team with extensive experience in the China information technology industry. Tao Wang, our Chief Executive Officer, has over 11 years of experience in the computer game industry in China. He joined Sohu in 2004, and was instrumental to the ramp-up of our MMORPG business and was involved in all aspects of the development of TLBB. Xiaojian Hong, our Chief Technology Officer, has over nine years of experience in the computer game industry. He joined Sohu’s product development department in 2005 and was responsible for the design of the technology framework of TLBB. Dewen Chen, our Chief Operating Officer, has over 11 years of experience in the information technology industry. He joined Sohu in 2005 and was in charge of overseeing Sohu’s MMORPG operations. Our management team has worked together since 2005 and has established a strong working relationship. We believe that the experience of these core members of the management team in developing and operating MMORPGs is critical to our future success.

 

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Our Strategies

Our objective is to establish one of the most powerful online game brands in China. We intend to achieve this objective by pursuing the following strategies:

Leverage Our Success with TLBB and Our Game Development Platform to Develop New MMORPGs

Through the successful development and operation of TLBB, we have acquired valuable knowledge and experience in developing MMORPGs in-house and developed a uniform game development platform which we are able to use as a blueprint in the development of new MMORPGs. We are currently developing in-house our second MMORPG, DMD. DMD is based on another popular Chinese martial arts novel written by Louis Cha, the same author from whose novel we developed TLBB. We plan to leverage our experience with TLBB to develop, market and operate DMD. In the process, we intend to continually improve the technology of our game development platform and the game design process to enhance the game-playing experience of our games.

Continue to Employ and Improve Our Integrated Game Player Feedback and Game Enhancement System

We believe our highly integrated game player feedback and game enhancement system has contributed to the popularity of TLBB. We intend to continue to integrate our game operations team with our game development team by using this game player feedback and game enhancement system to enable us to continually enhance our games after their launch, and to further improve such system to provide even faster responses to game player feedback, such as more frequent game updates and expansion packs. We believe that employing and improving such system will enable us to more effectively address our game players’ needs and ultimately extend the lifespan of our games.

Expand and Diversify Our Game Offerings

We plan to launch three new games in the near future to expand our portfolio of MMORPGs and decrease our reliance on TLBB. In addition to DMD, which we are currently developing in-house, we have entered into license agreements with independent developers to license from them IF and LAW, two MMORPGs currently under development. In addition to these three new games, we intend to continue to develop other games in the future. We believe that these new MMORPG offerings should enable us to attract a more diverse group of game players, increase our revenues and diversify our revenue sources.

Selectively Expand into International Markets

We licensed TLBB to third-party operators to operate the game in Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore. As part of our overseas expansion strategy, we plan to continue to license our MMORPGs to operators outside of China. We are currently planning to expand our licensing activities to Thailand and South Korea, and to expand our MMORPG operations to the United States. Selective expansion into these new markets will allow us to build up our international brand recognition and develop an international community of game players in a cost-effective manner, as we can leverage existing development work for new markets with relatively low customization costs.

Focus on Building Human Capital

We plan to further invest in, and significantly expand, our game development capabilities by continuing to recruit and train new members to our team, as well as retain current key employees. We plan to double the number of our employees, including senior level-executives, experienced project managers and game development personnel, by the end of 2009, by recruiting and training new college graduates and recruiting seasoned senior-level talent from the industry. We believe that recruiting and training new college graduates is

 

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better than recruiting junior-level game development personnel directly in the industry in terms of cost and building our corporate culture. On the other hand, attracting seasoned senior-level talent in the industry will enable us to broaden our vision and increase our competitiveness. We plan to retain and motivate our key employees through a combination of competitive salaries, performance-based bonuses and equity-based compensation.

Pursue Strategic Acquisition and Alliance Opportunities

We plan to selectively pursue opportunities to acquire related businesses in China as a means to acquire talented and experienced game development personnel to further strengthen our game development capability and expand our game offerings. Specifically, we may acquire game developers, design studios and game operators. We may also leverage our leading position in the Chinese MMORPG market and enter into strategic alliances.

Our Games

We currently operate two MMORPGs, TLBB and BO. We operate TLBB and BO under the item-based revenue model, where game players are free to play a game but can purchase virtual items to enhance the game-playing experience. We generate revenue through the sale and consumption of such virtual items. We also have three new MMORPGs in the pipeline, DMD, which we are developing in-house, and IF and LAW, both of which we licensed from third parties. All three new MMORPGs will be operated based on the item-based revenue model.

Below is a table of our existing games:

 

Existing Games

  

Game Type

  

Theme

  

In-house
Developed
or Licensed

  

Open Beta Testing

TLBB

   2.5D MMORPG    Martial arts and community building    In-house    May 2007

BO

   2.5D MMORPG    Martial arts and fighting    Licensed    July 2004

Below is a table of our pipeline games:

 

Pipeline Games

  

Game Type

  

Theme

  

In-house
Developed
or Licensed

  

Open Beta Testing

(expected)

DMD

   2.5D MMORPG    Martial arts    In-house   

Fourth quarter 2009

IF

   2D MMORPG   

Chinese myth

   Licensed    Second quarter 2009

LAW

   2.5D MMORPG    Martial arts and fantasy    Licensed    Early 2010

Our Current Games

Tian Long Ba Bu (TLBB)

TLBB is our first in-house developed MMORPG, for which we commenced development in late 2004. It is a 2.5D martial arts and community building game, adapted from the very popular Chinese novel, “ Tian Long Ba Bu ,” which means “ Novel of Eight Demigods .” The missions and activities of the game generally follow the storyline of the novel, which we have adapted to add new features and characters. TLBB provides numerous missions and in-game activities for game players to develop a personalized experience and foster virtual social relationships, which we have designed to appeal to game players with diverse interests.

 

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TLBB features a combination of martial arts-style-fighting and community-building among its game players, which we believe holds strong appeal for game players. Fighting-based games tend to have high game player participation when they are launched due to the excitement level of the content, but the lifespan of such games tend to be shorter than games that are community-based, and participation tends to drop as the initial excitement fades. Conversely, community-based games tend to take longer to build participation in the beginning of their lifespans because it takes time for new game players to build relationships with each other in the virtual world, but they also tend to have longer lifespans as the relationships among game players strengthen over time. In TLBB, game players choose from nine categories of team-based identities with distinct skill sets and missions, and game players can engage in numerous virtual activities, such as making friends, getting married, learning skills or completing other tasks. Game players can communicate with each other in real time through an in-game instant messaging system. These community-based features foster group interaction and relationship-building among game players, which we believe also helps to maintain our game players’ interest over time.

The major categories of virtual items we sell to generate revenues are gems, pets, fashion items, magic medicine, riding animals, hierograms, materials, skill books and fireworks. We currently offer over 700 different virtual items. These virtual items help game players to advance to the next level and enhance the game-playing experience.

Virtual items can be “purchased” at virtual stores within the game using one of two kinds of currencies: either with an in-game virtual currency known as “yuanbao,” which game players obtain by purchasing prepaid game cards or game points with real money, or with another in-game virtual currency known as “gold coins,” which game players can obtain for free by completing certain missions and activities within the game. Each virtual item can be purchased with only one of these two types of virtual currencies. We have found that the mutual exclusivity of the virtual items available for purchase under each of these two virtual currencies creates a demand for game players to exchange the currency they hold for the other currency type required to purchase a particular virtual item.

We typically release updates for TLBB once or twice a week and more significant enhancements in the form of expansion packs every few months. Our expansion packs typically include features such as new territories, themes, tasks, characters, virtual items and other enhanced features. We have found that expansion packs effectively increase game players’ interest in the game and enhance the game-playing experience by keeping the game-playing experience fresh even for long-time game players. We believe that the expansion packs help us to maintain game player loyalty, and in turn extend the lifespans of our games. See “—Game Development and Enhancement.”

 

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The chart below shows the dates of launches of expansion packs for TLBB operations in China and the monthly peak concurrent users and average concurrent users data of the game for the periods indicated:

LOGO

For the year ended December 31, 2008, including game operations and overseas licensing revenues, TLBB generated 93.6% of our total revenues.

Blade Online (BO)

Blade Online, or BO, is a 2.5D MMORPG that we licensed from a third party. BO is a martial arts-style fighting game set to the backdrop of a Chinese myth. Game players can set their own rules for in-game fighting. Game players take on various roles, including a human, an evil spirit or an immortal in the game. Each role has different skill sets that can be learned and improved by completing different tasks. Like TLBB, BO also provides a wide range of virtual items for game players to purchase to enhance the game-playing experience.

We began operating BO in October 2004 under the time-based revenue model, and we have developed four expansion packs since then. On December 27, 2006, we launched an upgraded version of the game and changed its revenue model from time-based to item-based. In December 2006, prior to the launch of the upgraded game operated under the item-based revenue model, the peak concurrent users of BO was approximately 26,000, which increased to approximately 57,000 in January 2007. We believe this increase resulted from our upgrading of the game and its changed revenue model. In August 2007, we purchased BO’s source codes, enabling us to have complete control over the future enhancement of BO. In June 2008, we launched a major expansion pack for BO, which we believe has resulted in increased game player interest in the game. Its peak concurrent users reached a record high of over 95,000 during the fourth quarter of 2008 and our game operations revenues from BO increased by 34.7% to $4.9 million for the three months ended December 31, 2008 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2008.

For the year ended December 31, 2008, BO generated 6.4% of our total revenues.

Our Pipeline

We have three new MMORPGs in the pipeline, DMD, which we are developing in-house, and LAW and IF, both of which we licensed from third parties. We intend to operate each of these games using the item-based

 

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revenue model. Rather than developing a large number and different types of online games, we have chosen to focus our development efforts on a smaller number of quality MMORPGs.

DMD is adapted from the popular novel “Duke of Mount Deer” written by Louis Cha, the same author from whose novel we developed TLBB. DMD will be a 2.5D MMORPG targeting a broader audience than TLBB by using cartoon-style graphics and other features, including fashionable outfits and variations to game player appearances, that may appeal to more female game players. Game players can engage in adventures and form partnerships with other game players and compete based on martial arts skills. We expect to begin open beta testing of DMD in the fourth quarter of 2009.

IF is a 2D MMORPG set against a backdrop of a number of ancient Chinese myths and folklore, which are used to create various missions in the game to attract game players. Game players play characters that can travel between heaven and earth, while encountering legendary figures in mythical settings. We expect to begin open beta testing of IF in the second quarter of 2009.

LAW is a 2.5D MMORPG set in ancient China at the beginning of Chinese civilization, approximately 5,000 years ago. Game players can travel from the modern world to the ancient world in the game, and change the world with magic, martial arts, machinery, and technology. This game targets game players in their late teens to late 20s who enjoy reading fantasy literature. We expect to begin open beta testing of LAW in early 2010.

Game Development and Enhancement

We believe that rapid and high-quality game development is critical to our success. We have a core product development team that is responsible for developing new MMORPGs. As of December 31, 2008, we had 220 product development personnel. We maintain a dedicated product development team for each game. These teams develop game enhancements and expansion packs for their respective games even after the games are launched. In the case of games that we have licensed from third parties, we generally negotiate for the rights to the source codes of the games so that we can develop enhancements in-house. We believe that such enhancements improve our games’ appeal and extend our games’ lifespan. We intend to expand our product offerings by continuing to develop additional MMORPGs in-house and continuing to license MMORPGs from third parties.

New Game Development

We have in-house capabilities that allow us to develop quality MMORPGs efficiently and in response to constantly changing market demands and trends. We expect that our game development cycle from initial concept generation to closed beta testing will generally take 12 to 18 months.

Our game development process generally includes the following key steps:

 

  Ÿ  

Concept generation .    Our design department takes the lead in generating game development ideas based on the latest trends in game player preferences. We recruit game players into our design team to ascertain popular trends among our game players and on the Internet. We also encourage all of our employees to suggest creative ideas and concepts for game development.

 

  Ÿ  

Detailed proposal .    Upon management’s approval of the new game concept, the design department prepares a detailed proposal that sets preliminary storylines, game characters, estimates of costs and target markets.

 

  Ÿ  

Development plan .    After the completion of the technical review of the proposal, a project team consisting of our software programmers, platform technicians, media specialists, design staff and graphics artists work together to set the technical criteria for the game development, and then

 

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formulate a game development plan with development milestones. The development plan is typically completed within two to three months of concept generation.

 

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Design, style and story concepts .    Based on the game development plan, our graphics artists determine the style of the new game and design game characters; our game designers develop the game story and define game environments; and our program developers develop both the server-end software and the user-end software modules. This process typically takes five to eight months.

 

  Ÿ  

Internal reviews .    Mid-term management reviews take place upon the completion of each milestone of the development plan. Concurrently, our testing department tests the accuracy and completeness of the development, and our marketing department initiates marketing campaigns according to the development milestones.

 

  Ÿ  

Closed beta testing and open beta testing .    We conduct closed beta testing to work out technical issues and eliminate technical problems. The process of closed beta testing can take anywhere from three to nine months, depending on the types of technical issues uncovered. Thereafter, we conduct open beta testing to test the operation of new games under open market conditions and introduce new games to players. We begin to generate revenue for our item-based games during open beta testing.

Our games are developed through coordination among teams of program developers, game designers and graphic artists. We try to design each of our games to cater to different audiences to grow our overall player base rather than merely shifting players from one game to another. At each stage of a new game’s development, we rely on our quality control department to ensure the game’s quality and playability.

Existing Game Enhancement

We derive many of our game development and enhancement ideas from our game players by maintaining multiple channels whereby we obtain our game players’ ideas and feedback. These include online surveys, online discussion forums, in-game instant messaging, our 24-hour telephone hotline, and a link to a form for feedback within our games. We use this information not only to create new games with the same quality of design, content and programming, but also to enhance existing games that we have either developed in-house or licensed from third parties.

We typically release game updates for TLBB once or twice a week and more significant enhancements in the form of expansion packs every few months. Our expansion packs typically include features such as new territories, themes, tasks, characters, virtual items and other enhanced features. After testing, the game updates and expansion packs are typically distributed electronically through our official game website. We believe that these game updates and expansion packs help extend the lifespan of our games.

Access to our Games

Our game players typically access our games at Internet cafes or on personal computers connected to the Internet. In order to access our games, our game access software must be installed in the computer being used. Game players using personal computers and Internet cafe operators can typically download our game access software, interim updates and expansion packs directly from our official game website. We also distribute our game access software in CD form through our distribution network.

Sales and Distribution

We have developed a multi-channel, nationwide sales and distribution system to sell and distribute our prepaid game cards. We also directly sell game points through our game players’ online accounts.

 

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Third-Party Distributors

We sell prepaid game cards in virtual and physical form to approximately 100 regional third-party distributors, who in turn sub-distribute them to numerous retail outlets across China. Physical cards are available in Internet cafes, news stands, software stores, book stores and retail stores. Virtual cards are available through various online channels, telecommunications service providers and at Internet cafes. We typically collect payment from our distributors upon delivery of our prepaid game cards. We currently offer sales discounts and rebates to our distributors.

Starting from January 1, 2009, we enter into distribution agreements with our distributors of prepaid game cards for one-year terms. Prior to January 1, 2009, the terms of such agreements were generally six months. Our distribution agreements contain both pre-set sales targets and pre-set penetration targets, whereby distributors are required to sell our prepaid game cards in a minimum number of Internet cafes in its designated sales territory. We also require that each distributor work closely with our marketing team and support its activities. Our distribution agreements are not exclusive, and do not prohibit our distributors from working with our competitors.

Direct Sales

Game players can purchase game points and charge them to their accounts directly. To do this, they log into their accounts from the game. From the account link, game players can choose to either pay from their bank accounts or through other payment methods, including a post-office system or cell phone system. Sohu operates an online payment platform, or the PEAK system, that allows our game players to connect from their Changyou accounts directly to accounts at the bank. A game player may also choose to use a different provider’s online payment platform. We provide discounts to game players who charge their accounts directly. Transaction costs also apply to the use of online payment platforms.

Marketing

We have a three-pronged marketing and promotion strategy, which includes online advertising, off-line promotions and traditional media. We use different methods to target different demographic groups of game players.

We spend the majority of our marketing budget on online advertising. We are able to leverage our affiliation with Sohu, and aggregate Sohu’s large user base to our games by advertising on Sohu’s various websites, which typically provide a direct link to TLBB. In addition, our technology allows us to distinguish which Sohu users are not currently our game players, so that we can specifically target our advertisements toward them. We also advertise on a variety of websites, including on Internet cafe homepages. In addition, we use in-game promotional events 24 hours a day, seven days a week. We also create events to rally current and new game players through event-related features, such as offering special holiday edition virtual items to enhance game player participation at holiday time when participation may be lower than usual.

We also use a variety of physical, offline promotional events, including Internet cafe events, free trial plays, posters, game players’ gatherings, “freshmen” (or new game player) incentives and the giving away of promotional souvenirs. We have found that these promotional events offer good exposure to targeted customers at a lower cost.

With respect to traditional media, we focus our marketing efforts on print advertisements in magazines that target our game player base and outdoor multimedia, including closed circuit television advertisements on buildings and in elevators. These media targets game players who are less likely to have freely-available access to a computer.

 

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Pricing

We use the item-based revenue model for our existing games and plan to use it for our games currently in development. Under the item-based revenue model, game players can play the basic functions of the game free of charge for as long as they want. We generate revenues through the sale of virtual items such as performance-enhancing items, clothing, accessories and pets that enhance the game-playing experience.

We have a dedicated team that analyzes pricing trends and determines the pricing of our virtual items. Our pricing team maintains a database that tracks each sale and the sale price for each virtual item. The database also tracks user behavior after the launch of each of our virtual items. We use this data-tracking to help us determine discounts or premiums for our current virtual items based on the demand for such virtual items and to forecast expected demand, and thus price, for similar virtual items. Our pricing team determines the price of each virtual item before its introduction, based primarily on its analysis of the database and demand for comparable virtual items. We may change the pricing of certain virtual items based on their consumption pattern.

Customer Service

We provide high-quality customer service and are responsive to our game players’ needs. Our game players can access our customer service center via in-game chats, phone or e-mail 24 hours a day, seven days a week. In addition, we have a physical service center in Beijing, which is open to walk-in customers during normal business hours. We currently have over 110 dedicated customer service representatives, many of whom are MMORPG enthusiasts with a deep understanding of game players. With the growth of our game player base and the expansion of our MMORPG portfolio, we expect to continue to expand the size of our customer service team. We have dedicated supervisors to monitor our calls to ensure quality service.

Customer feedback collected by our customer service team is important to the integration of our product development and game operations teams. The information collected by our customer service team forms the basis of our feedback database, which helps us design changes, upgrades and expansion packs for our games. See “—Game Development and Enhancement.”

Licensing

Games We Licensed from Third Parties

We licensed rights to operate and further develop each of BO, LAW and IF from their respective developers, with exclusive rights to operate such games in China.

We licensed BO from a Beijing-based game studio in 2003. Under our existing licensing arrangement, we have the exclusive right to operate and further develop BO in China. We paid a one-time license fee in 2004 and we paid royalties until June 30, 2008 based on the revenues from the game. We are not required to pay any royalties starting from July 1, 2008. In 2007, we obtained the rights to the source codes of BO, and we own all enhancements and developments we make to BO.

We licensed LAW from a local independent studio in December 2007. Pursuant to the licensing arrangement, we have an exclusive and perpetual right to operate LAW in China. We also have a right of first refusal for new games developed by the same developer for the term of the license. Two years after we launch the game, the licensor will transfer to us the source codes of the game, which will enable us to develop enhancements to LAW in-house. We paid a one-time licensing fee and we pay royalties based on the revenues from the game.

We licensed IF from an independent studio in July 2008. Pursuant to the licensing arrangement, we have an exclusive and perpetual right to operate IF in China, an exclusive right to license the game overseas and a

 

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right of first refusal for new games developed by the same developer for the term of the license. In addition, we have rights to sell ancillary products of the game. The licensor has agreed to transfer the source codes of the game to us by the end of open beta testing, which will allow us to develop enhancements in-house. We paid a one-time licensing fee and we pay royalties based on the revenues from the game.

Game Development Rights from Third Parties

Under the existing license agreements with Louis Cha, the author of the novels “ Tian Long Ba Bu ” and “ Duke of Mount Deer ,” we have the exclusive right in China to adapt these two novels into online games and to operate such games, including the right to use the title of the novels and the name of the characters. We also have the non-exclusive licence to operate, or license the right to operate, the games adapted from these novels outside of China. If we wish to continue to operate and license these games after the expiration of the terms of these license agreements, we will need to renew these license agreements.

Overseas Licensing of Our Games

We licensed the rights to operate TLBB in overseas markets, including Taiwan, Hong Kong, Vietnam, Malaysia and Singapore. Under our licensing arrangements with the overseas operators, the licensee operators pay us an upfront license fee and we have revenue sharing rights over the duration of the license. The licenses are typically for a term of two to three years. We provide updates and expansion packs to the licensed games, typically after we launch such updates and expansion packs in China. The licensees are responsible for all other operating services and costs, including costs related to customer service and leasing and maintenance of servers. We licensed TLBB to an operator in Vietnam, and launched the game there in August 2007, and to an operator in each of Taiwan and Hong Kong, and launched the game there in April 2008. In October 2008, we licensed TLBB to an operator to operate the game in each of Malaysia and Singapore.

Intellectual Property and Proprietary Rights

We regard our proprietary software, domain names, trade names, copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets and other intellectual property as critical to our success. We rely on trademark and copyright law, trade secret protection, non-competition and confidentiality and/or license agreements with our employees, customers, partners and others to protect our intellectual property rights. Our employees are generally required to enter into agreements under which they undertake to keep confidential all information related to our methods, business and trade secrets during and for a reasonable time after their employment with us. In addition, we fragment our source codes so that no one employee, other than the Chief Technology Officer, has access to our entire source codes for a game. Product development personnel are only given access to the specific portions of the source codes that they need to work with at a particular time. In addition, all of the computers used by our game development personnel are closed circuit and do not have access to the Internet, so that we can protect our source codes and other proprietary information from being emailed out of our closed circuit system and misappropriated. However, we cannot guarantee that our measures to protect our intellectual property are sufficient. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry—We may need to incur significant expenses to enforce our proprietary rights, and if we are unable to protect such rights, our competitive position could be harmed.”

We are the registered owner of 11 software copyrights in China, each of which we have registered with the State Copyright Bureau of China.

We own the rights to 11 domain names that we use in connection with the operation of our business, including our official Changyou website, changyou.com. We also license the right to use certain of Sohu’s domain names, which we will continue to license for a period after the IPO until Changyou develops independent brand recognition, at which time we plan to phase out our use and licenses of certain of Sohu’s domain names. See “Our Relationship with Sohu—Our Relationship with Sohu Following the Offering.”

 

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We are currently in the process of applying for the registration of more than 220 trademarks in the PRC, including those related to our company name, Changyou, and our MMORPGs. We have obtained two trademarks in Taiwan relating to our online game TLBB, and we have additional applications pending in Taiwan for trademarks related to our MMORPGs. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain the trademarks we have applied for, including trademarks relating to our game, TLBB. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry—We may need to incur significant expenses to enforce our proprietary rights, and if we are unable to protect such rights, our competitive position could be harmed.”

Technology Infrastructure

We have built a reliable and secure network infrastructure to fully support our operations. In order to maintain stable operations of our MMORPGs, as of December 31, 2008, we maintained approximately 1,700 servers located in Internet data centers in eight major cities in China, with the capacity to accommodate up to 1.3 million concurrent game players, and a sufficient amount of connectivity bandwidth to maintain such service. In order to enhance our game players’ experience and minimize the impact of the cross-region connection, we have located our game servers in a number of regions throughout China, enabling our game players to play our games by connecting to the nearest servers located in their region without needing to exchange data across the national backbone network.

As of December 31, 2008, we had 22 technical support employees to maintain our current technology infrastructure and develop new software features to further enhance the functionality of our management and security system. We monitor the operation of our server network 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Our remote control system allows us to track our concurrent online users in real time, and discover and fix problems in the operation of hardware and software in our server network in a timely fashion. In addition, we frequently update our game servers to ensure the stability of our operation and reduce risks.

Competition

We compete principally with the following three groups of competitors in China:

 

  Ÿ  

online game developers and operators in China, including Shanda Interactive Entertainment Limited, NetEase.com, Inc., Giant Interactive Group Inc., Perfect World Co., Ltd., Tencent Holdings Limited, The9 Limited, NetDragon Websoft Inc., Kingsoft Corporation Limited and Nineyou International Limited;

 

  Ÿ  

other private companies in China devoted to game development or operation, many of which are backed by venture capital; and

 

  Ÿ  

international competitors.

Our MMORPGs currently compete with, among others, the following MMORPGs in China:

 

  Ÿ  

Fantasy Westward Journey, developed and operated by NetEase.com, Inc.;

 

  Ÿ  

World of Warcraft, developed by Blizzard Entertainment and operated by The9 Limited in China;

 

  Ÿ  

ZT Online, developed and operated by Giant Interactive Group Inc.;

 

  Ÿ  

QQ Fantasy, developed and operated by Tencent Holdings Limited;

 

  Ÿ  

Eudemons Online, developed and operated by NetDragon Websoft Inc.; and

 

  Ÿ  

Zhu Xian, developed and operated by Perfect World Co., Ltd.

Our existing and potential competitors compete with us for talent, game player spending, time spent on game playing, marketing activities, quality of games, and distribution network. Some of our existing and

 

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potential competitors have significantly greater financial and marketing resources than we do. For a discussion of risks relating to competition, see “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business and Our Industry—Our business may not succeed in a highly competitive market.”

Employees

As of December 31, 2008, we had 628 employees. We also employ independent contractors to support our research and development, sales and marketing departments. None of our employees are represented under collective bargaining agreements. The table below sets forth the number of our employees in each functional area as of December 31, 2008.

 

     Total
Employees

Product development

   220

Game operations (1)

   119

Sales and marketing

   80

Customer service

   115

General and administration

   94
    

Total

   628
    

 

 
  (1)   Includes technical support employees.

We have entered into standard employment agreements with our employees other than executive officers. Under these agreements, we may terminate our employees without prior notice or remuneration for cause, such as a material breach of our rules and regulations, failure to perform agreed duties, embezzlement that causes material damage to us, or a conviction of a crime. An employee may terminate his or her employment with us at any time by giving a 30-day prior written notice. An employee is entitled to certain benefits upon termination, including a severance payment based on the number of years served at the rate of one month’s salary for each full year of service, if such employee resigns for certain good reasons specified in the agreement or in the Employment Contract Law of the PRC or if we terminate such employee’s employment without any of the above causes.

In addition, our employees other than executive officers have entered into standard confidentiality agreements and standard non-competition agreements with us. Under the confidentiality agreements, the employees agree not to disclose or otherwise use our confidential information while employed and indefinitely thereafter. Under the non-competition agreements, during and up to 12 months after the termination of his or her employment with us, an employee agrees not to compete with us as long as we pay additional compensation during the non-competition period. The non-competition agreements also state that the employee’s work product will be assigned to us.

We believe the dedication and talent of our employees is critical for our business, and retention of employees and recruitment of new employees are our priorities. As part of our retention strategy, we are committed to offering employees competitive salaries and we offer performance-based cash bonuses. In addition, we offer the intangible benefit of working with our game development platform. We believe that, having created a standard game development platform to facilitate the development of new games and to ensure quality of content and programming, we offer our employees the attractive opportunity to focus more on game design.

We plan to double our workforce by the end of 2009 and to continue to devote significant resources to our recruitment efforts. We focus our recruitment efforts on recruiting and training new college graduates and on recruiting experienced game development personnel from the industry. We have established a training center specifically to train entry-level hires.

 

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Facilities

Substantially all of our operations are located on premises in an office building in Beijing, China, which comprises approximately 5,700 square meters. Our lease for this property expires in October 2012.

We believe our existing facilities are adequate for our current requirements. As our workforce expands, however, we may need additional office space, which we believe can be leased on commercially reasonable terms.

Legal Proceedings

We may be subject to legal proceedings, investigations and claims incidental to the conduct of our business from time to time. We are not currently a party to, nor are we aware of, any legal proceeding, investigation or claim which, in the opinion of our management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations.

 

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REGULATIONS

Certain areas related to the Internet, such as telecommunications, Internet information services, international connections to computer information networks, information security and censorship are covered extensively by a number of existing laws and regulations issued by various PRC governmental authorities, including:

 

  Ÿ  

the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, or MIIT (formerly the Ministry of Information Industry, or MII);

 

  Ÿ  

the Ministry of Culture, or MOC;

 

  Ÿ  

the Ministry of Public Security;

 

  Ÿ  

the State Administration of Industry and Commerce, or SAIC;

 

  Ÿ  

the General Administration of Press and Publication, or GAPP (formerly the State Press and Publications Administration, or SPPA);

 

  Ÿ  

the State Administration for Radio, Film and Television, or SARFT;

 

  Ÿ  

the State Council Information Office, or SCIO; and

 

  Ÿ  

the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, or SAFE.

Telecommunications Laws and Regulations

Among all of the applicable laws and regulations, the Telecommunications Regulations of the People’s Republic of China , or the Telecom Regulations, implemented on September 25, 2000, is the primary governing law, and sets out the general framework for the provision of telecommunication services by domestic PRC companies. Under the Telecom Regulations, it is a requirement that telecommunications service providers procure operating licenses prior to their commencement of operations. The Telecom Regulations draw a distinction between “basic telecommunications services” and “value-added telecommunications services.” Value-added telecommunications services are defined as telecommunications and information services provided through public networks. A “Catalogue of Telecommunications Business” was issued as an attachment to the Telecom Regulations to categorize telecommunications services as basic or value-added. In February 2003, the Catalogue was updated, categorizing online data and transaction processing, on-demand voice and image communications, domestic Internet virtual private networks, Internet data centers, message storage and forwarding (including voice mailbox, e-mail and online fax services), call centers, Internet access, and online information and data search as value-added telecommunications services. The services that we are engaged in are regulated as value-added telecommunications services.

Foreign direct investment in telecommunications companies in China is regulated by the Regulations for the Administration of Foreign-Invested Telecommunications Enterprises , or the FITE Regulations, which were issued by the PRC State Council on December 11, 2001, and became effective on January 1, 2002. The FITE Regulations stipulate that telecommunications enterprises in the PRC with foreign investors, or FITEs, must be established as Sino-foreign equity joint ventures. FITEs can undertake operations in basic telecommunications services and value-added telecommunications services. Under the FITE Regulations and in accordance with WTO-related agreements, the foreign party to an FITE engaging in value-added telecommunications services may hold up to 50% of the equity of the FITE, with no geographic restrictions on its operations. The PRC government has not made any further commitment to liberalize its regulation of FITEs’ operation in the telecommunications industry.

In view of the restrictions on foreign direct investment in the telecommunications sector, we established Gamease, a variable interest entity, or VIE, to engage in value-added telecommunications services. For a detailed discussion of our VIE, please refer to “Our History and Corporate Structure.”

 

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On December 26, 2001, the MII (renamed as MIIT) promulgated the Administrative Measures for Telecommunications Business Operating Licenses , or Telecom License Measures, to supplement the Telecom Regulations. The Telecom License Measures confirm that there are two types of telecom operating licenses for operators in China (including FITEs), namely, licenses for basic telecommunications services and licenses for value-added telecommunications services. With respect to the latter, a distinction is made as to whether a license is granted for intra-provincial or “trans-regional” (inter-provincial) activities. An appendix to the license will detail the permitted activities of the enterprise to which it was granted. An approved telecommunication services operator must conduct its business (whether basic or value-added) in accordance with the specifications recorded on its Telecommunications Services Operating License.

On September 25, 2000, the State Council promulgated the Administrative Measures on Internet Information Services , or the Internet Measures. Under the Internet Measures, commercial Internet information service operators must obtain a value-added telecommunications license for Internet information service license, or ICP license, from the relevant government authorities before engaging in any commercial Internet information services operations within the PRC. On November 6, 2000, the MIIT promulgated the Internet Electronic Bulletin Service Administrative Measures , or the BBS Measures. BBS services include electronic bulletin boards, electronic forums, message boards and chat rooms. The BBS Measures require Internet information services operators to obtain specific approvals before providing BBS services. Gamease has obtained both an ICP license and specific approval for its BBS services.

On September 1, 2000, the Beijing Administration of Industry and Commerce, or Beijing AIC, issued the Detailed Implementing Rules for the Measures for the Administration of Commercial Website Filings for the Record , to regulate commercial websites. Under the Rules, commercial websites must:

 

  Ÿ  

file with the Beijing AIC and obtain electronic registration marks; and

 

  Ÿ  

place the registration marks on their websites’ homepages.

Gamease has filed its website with the Beijing AIC. The electronic registration mark will be prominently placed on our homepage after registration is obtained.

Online Games and Cultural Products

On December 30, 1997, GAPP issued the Rules for the Administration of Electronic Publications , or Electronic Publication Rules, which took effect on January 1, 1998. These rule were replaced by new Electronic Publication Rules promulgated on February 21, 2008, which took effect on April 15, 2008. The Electronic Publication Rules regulate the production, publishing and importation of electronic publication in the PRC and outline a licensing system for business operations involving electronic publishing. Under the Electronic Publication Rules and other regulations issued by GAPP, online games are classified as a kind of electronic production and publishing of online games is required to be done by licensed electronic publishing entities with standard publication codes. Under the Electronic Publication Rules, if a PRC company is contractually authorized to publish foreign electronic publications, it must obtain the approval of, and register the copyright license contract with, GAPP. The online games we currently offer are published by third parties which hold electronic publishing licenses. The term of our agreements with the publishers in connection with the publication of our online games, namely, TLBB and BO, will expire on December 5, 2010 and December 19, 2009, respectively. Our online games (TLBB and BO) have been filed with GAPP as electronic publications.

GAPP and the MIIT jointly promulgated the Tentative Measures for Internet Publication Administration , or Internet Publication Measures, on June 27, 2002, which took effect on August 1, 2002 and imposed a license requirement for any company that intends to engage in Internet publishing, defined as any act by an Internet information service provider to select, edit and process content or programs and to make such content or programs publicly available on the Internet. Since the provision of online games is deemed an Internet publication activity, an online game operator needs to obtain an Internet publishing license in order to directly

 

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make its online games publicly available in the PRC. We do not hold such a license as GAPP temporarily suspended issuances of such licenses. We are in the process of applying for such license with GAPP. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Structure and Regulations—We do not hold Internet publishing licenses, which are required under PRC regulations, for the games we currently operate due to temporary suspension of issuance of such licenses by the General Administration of Press and Publication, or GAPP, since our inception. If GAPP later challenges the commercial operation of our games, or if we fail to obtain or renew necessary licenses to commercially operate our games, we may be subject to various penalties, including restrictions on our operations.”

On May 10, 2003, the MOC issued the Provisional Regulations for the Administration of Online Culture , which took effect on July 1, 2003. This regulation applies to entities engaging in activities related to “online cultural products,” including music and video files, network games, animation features and audiovisual products, performed plays and artwork converted for dissemination via the Internet. Pursuant to this legislation, commercial entities are required to apply to the relevant local branch of the MOC for an Online Culture Operating Permit if they engage in any of the following types of activities:

 

  Ÿ  

the production, duplication, importation, wholesale, retail, leasing or broadcasting of online cultural products;

 

  Ÿ  

the dissemination of online cultural products on the Internet or transmission thereof to computers, fixed-line or mobile phones, radios, television sets or gaming consoles for the purpose of browsing, reading, using or downloading such products; or

 

  Ÿ  

the exhibition or holding of contests related to online cultural products.

In January 2008, the MOC issued an Online Culture Operating Permit to Gamease, authorizing Gamease to operate online games.

Software Products Registration

On October 27, 2000, the MIIT issued the Measures Concerning Software Products Administration, or Software Measures, to regulate software products and promote the development of the software industry in the PRC. Pursuant to these Software Measures, all software products used or sold in the PRC must be registered with the relevant authorities. In addition, to produce software products in the PRC, a software producer must show that it: (i) possesses the status of an enterprise legal person and computer software must be included in its registered scope of business; (ii) has a fixed production site; (iii) possesses necessary conditions and technologies for producing software products; and (iv) possesses quality control measures and capabilities for the production of software products. Software developers or producers are allowed to sell or license their registered software products independently or through agents. Software products developed in the PRC must be registered with the local provincial government authorities in charge of the information industry and filed with the MIIT. Upon registration, the software products shall be granted registration certificates. Each registration certificate is valid for five years and may be renewed upon expiration. The MIIT and other relevant departments may supervise and inspect the development, production, operation and import and export of software products in the PRC. We have registered all software products which we currently operate.

Technology Import and Export

China imposes controls on technology import and export. In December 2001, the State Council promulgated Regulations on Administration of Import and Export of Technologies. The term “technology import and export” is broadly defined in the regulations to include, without limitation, the transfer or license of patents, software and know-how, and the provision of services in relation to technology. Depending on the nature of the relevant technology, the import and export of technology require either approval by, or registration with, the relevant PRC governmental authorities. We have entered into license agreements with third parties outside of

 

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China to license our games, which constitutes the export of technology under the regulations. As a result, such licenses are required to be registered with applicable PRC governmental authorities. Gamease is currently in process of registering the export of certain of its technologies and its license agreements with the relevant PRC governmental authorities.

Information Security and Censorship

Internet content in China is also regulated and restricted from a State security standpoint. The National People’s Congress, China’s national legislative body, enacted a law on December 28, 2000 that makes it unlawful to: (i) gain improper entry into a computer or system of strategic importance; (ii) disseminate politically disruptive information; (iii) leak State secrets; (iv) spread false commercial information; or (v) infringe intellectual property rights. The Ministry of Public Security has promulgated measures that prohibit the use of the Internet in ways which, among other things, result in a leakage of State secrets or distribution of socially destabilizing content. The Ministry of Public Security has supervision and inspection rights in this regard, and we may be subject to the jurisdiction of the local security bureaus. If an ICP license holder violates these measures, the PRC government may revoke its ICP license and shut down its websites.

On May 14, 2004, the MOC issued the Notice Regarding the Strengthening of Network Game Censorship . This notice mandates the establishment of a new committee under the MOC that will screen the content of imported online games. In addition, all imported and domestic online games are required to be filed with the MOC. We have submitted the relevant filing documents to the MOC for the filing of TLBB and BO.

On July 12, 2005, the MOC and the MIIT promulgated the Opinions on the Development and Administration of Online Game reflecting the PRC government’s intent to foster and control the development of the online game industry in China. In addition, the MOC will censor online games that “threaten state security,” “disturb the social order,” or contain “obscenity” or “violence.”

Internet Cafe Regulation

Internet cafes are required to obtain a license from the MOC and the SAIC, and are subject to requirements and regulations with respect to location, size, number of computers, age limit of customers and hours of operation. In 2004, the MOC, the SAIC and some other governmental authorities jointly issued a notice to suspend issuance of new Internet cafe licenses. Though this nationwide suspension has been generally lifted in 2005, the local authorities have the authority of controlling the number and recipients of new licenses at their discretion. In addition, local and higher-level governmental authorities may from time to time strictly enforce customer age limits and other requirements relating to Internet cafes, as a result of the occurrence of, and media attention on, gang fights, arsons or other incidents in or related to Internet cafes. As many of our customers access our games from Internet cafes, any reduction in the number, or any slowdown in the growth, of Internet cafes in China as a result of stricter Internet cafe regulation will limit our ability to maintain or increase our revenues and expand our customer base, which will in turn materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations. A notice jointly issued by several central governmental authorities in February 2007 suspended nationwide the approval for the establishment of new Internet cafes in 2007 and imposed tougher penalties for Internet cafes admitting minors.

Anti-fatigue System and Real-name Registration System

In April 2007, GAPP and several other governmental authorities issued a circular requiring the implementation of an “anti-fatigue system” and a real-name registration system by all PRC online game operators, in an effort to curb addictive online game play behaviors of minors. Under the anti-fatigue system, three hours or less of continuous play by minors is considered to be “healthy,” three to five hours to be “fatiguing,” and five hours or more to be “unhealthy.” Game operators are required to reduce the value of

 

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in-game benefits to a game player by half if the game player has reached “fatiguing” level, and to zero in the case of “unhealthy” level.

To identify whether a game player is a minor and thus subject to the anti-fatigue system, a real-name registration system is also adopted, which requires online game players to register their real identity information before they play online games and requires us to submit the identity information of game players to the public security authority for verification. We have developed our own anti-fatigue system and real-name registration system for our games TLBB and BO, and have implemented them since 2007 and 2008, respectively. Under our system, game players must use real identification in order to create accounts, and in this way, we are able to tell which of our game players are minors and thus subject to these regulations. For game players who do not register, we assume that they are minors. In order to comply with the anti-fatigue rules, game players under 18 years of age only receive half of the experience time they actually earn after three hours of play. And, after five hours of play, minors receive no experience points. We use this system to disincentivize minors from playing in excess of five hours at a time.

Virtual Currency

On February 15, 2007, the MOC, the People’s Bank of China and other relevant government authorities jointly issued the Internet Cafes Notice. Under the Internet Cafes Notice, the People’s Bank of China is directed to strengthen the administration of virtual currency in online games to avoid any adverse impact on the economy and financial system. This notice provides that the total amount of virtual currency issued by online game operators and the amount purchased by individual game players should be strictly limited, with a strict and clear division between virtual transactions and real transactions carried out by way of electronic commerce. This notice also provides that virtual currency should only be used to purchase virtual items.

Privacy Protection

Chinese law does not prohibit Internet content providers from collecting and analyzing personal information from their users. We require our users to accept a user agreement whereby they agree to provide certain personal information to us. Chinese law prohibits Internet content providers from disclosing to any third parties any information transmitted by users through their networks unless otherwise permitted by law. If an Internet content provider violates these regulations, the MIIT or its local bureaus may impose penalties and the Internet content provider may be liable for damages caused to its users.

Employment Contracts

On June 29, 2007, the National People’s Congress promulgated the Employment Contract Law of PRC, or ECL, which became effective as of January 1, 2008. The ECL requires employers to provide written contracts to their employees, restricts the use of temporary workers and aims to give employees long-term job security.

Pursuant to the ECL, employment contracts lawfully concluded prior to the implementation of the ECL and continuing as of the date of its implementation shall continue to be performed. Where an employment relationship was established prior to the implementation of the ECL but no written employment contract was concluded, a contract must be concluded within one month after its implementation.

We have modified our standard employment contract to comply with the requirements of the ECL.

Regulation of Foreign Currency Exchange and Dividend Distribution

Foreign Currency Exchange .     The principal regulations governing foreign currency exchange in China are the Foreign Exchange Administration Regulations, as amended in August 2008. Under the Regulations, the RMB is freely convertible for current account items, including the distribution of dividends,

 

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interest payments, trade and service-related foreign exchange transactions, but not for capital account items, such as direct investments, loans, repatriation of investments and investments in securities outside of China, unless the prior approval of the SAFE is obtained and prior registration with the SAFE is made. On August 29, 2008, SAFE promulgated a notice, Circular 142, regulating the conversion by a foreign-invested company of foreign currency into Renminbi by restricting how the converted Renminbi may be used. The notice requires that the registered capital of a foreign-invested company settled in Renminbi converted from foreign currencies may only be used for purposes within the business scope approved by the applicable governmental authority and may not be used for equity investments within the PRC. In addition, SAFE strengthened its oversight of the flow and use of the registered capital of a foreign-invested company settled in Renminbi converted from foreign currencies. The use of such Renminbi capital may not be changed without SAFE’s approval, and may not in any case be used to repay Renminbi loans if the proceeds of such loans have not been used. Violations of Circular 142 will result in severe penalties, such as heavy fines. As a result, Circular 142 may significantly limit our ability to transfer the net proceeds from this offering to Gamease through our subsidiary in the PRC, which may adversely affect the business expansion of Gamease, and we may not be able to convert the net proceeds into Renminbi to invest in or acquire any other PRC companies, or establish other VIEs in the PRC.

The dividends paid by the subsidiary to its overseas shareholder are deemed income of the shareholder and are taxable in China. Pursuant to the Administration Rules of the Settlement, Sale and Payment of Foreign Exchange (1996), foreign-invested enterprises in China may purchase or remit foreign currency, subject to a cap approved by the SAFE, for settlement of current account transactions without the approval of the SAFE. Foreign currency transactions under the capital account are still subject to limitations and require approvals from, or registration with, the SAFE and other relevant PRC governmental authorities.

Dividend Distribution .     The principal regulations governing distribution of dividends of foreign holding companies include the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law (1986), as amended, and the Administrative Rules under the Foreign Investment Enterprise Law (2001).

Under these regulations, foreign investment enterprises in China may pay dividends only out of their accumulated profits, if any, determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, foreign investment enterprises in China are required to allocate at least 10% of their respective accumulated profits each year, if any, to fund certain reserve funds unless these reserves have reached 50% of the registered capital of the enterprises. These reserves are not distributable as cash dividends.

Circular 75 .     On October 21, 2005, the SAFE issued Circular 75, which became effective as of November 1, 2005. Under Circular 75, prior registration with the local SAFE branch is required for PRC residents to establish or to control an offshore company for the purposes of financing that offshore company with assets or equity interests in an onshore enterprise located in the PRC. An amendment to registration or filing with the local SAFE branch by such PRC resident is also required for the injection of equity interests or assets of an onshore enterprise in the offshore company or overseas funds raised by such offshore company, or any other material change involving a change in the capital of the offshore company.

Moreover, Circular 75 applies retroactively. As a result, PRC residents who have established or acquired control of offshore companies that have made onshore investments in the PRC in the past are required to complete the relevant registration procedures with the local SAFE branch by March 31, 2006. Under the relevant rules, failure to comply with the registration procedures set forth in Circular 75 may result in restrictions being imposed on the foreign exchange activities of the relevant onshore company, including the increase of its registered capital, the payment of dividends and other distributions to its offshore parent or affiliate and the capital inflow from the offshore entity, and may also subject relevant PRC residents to penalties under PRC foreign exchange administration regulations. PRC residents who control our company from time to time are required to register with the SAFE in connection with their investments in us.

 

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Circular 78 .     On December 25, 2006, the PBOC issued the Administration Measures on Individual Foreign Exchange Control , and its Implementation Rules was issued by SAFE on January 5, 2007, which both of which became effective on February 1, 2007. Under these regulations, all foreign exchange matters involved in the employee stock ownership plan, stock option plan and etc. participated by onshore individuals shall be transacted upon the approval from the SAFE or its authorized branch. On March 28, 2007, SAFE promulgated the Application Procedure of Foreign Exchange Administration for Domestic Individuals Participating in Employee Stock Holding Plan or Stock Option Plan of Overseas-Listed Company, or the Stock Option Rule. Under the Stock Option Rule, PRC citizens who are granted stock options or restricted share units, or issued restricted shares by an overseas publicly listed company are required, through a PRC agent or PRC subsidiary of such overseas publicly-listed company, to complete certain other procedures and transactional foreign exchange matters under the Stock Option Plan upon the examination by, and approval of, SAFE. We and our PRC employees who have been granted stock options or restricted share units, or issued restricted shares are subject to the Stock Option Rule. If our PRC employees who hold such options, restricted share units or restricted shares or our PRC subsidiary or VIE fail to comply with these regulations, such employees and their PRC employer may be subject to fines and legal sanctions.

New M&A Regulations and Overseas Listings

On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, including the Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the CSRC and the SAFE, jointly issued the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors, or the New M&A Rule, which became effective on September 8, 2006. This New M&A Rule, among other things, includes provisions that purport to require that an offshore special purpose vehicle formed for purposes of overseas listing of equity interests in PRC companies and controlled directly or indirectly by PRC companies or individuals obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to the listing and trading of such special purpose vehicle’s securities on an overseas stock exchange.

On September 21, 2006, the China Securities Regulatory Commission, or CSRC, published on its official website procedures regarding its approval of overseas listings by special purpose vehicles. The CSRC approval procedures require the filing of a number of documents with the CSRC and it would take several months to complete the approval process. The application of this new PRC regulation remains unclear, with no consensus currently existing among leading PRC law firms regarding the scope of the applicability of the CSRC approval requirement.

 

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MANAGEMENT

Directors and Executive Officers

The following table sets forth information regarding our directors and executive officers as of the date of this prospectus. The business address of each of our directors and executive officers is East Tower, Jing Yan Building, No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100043, People’s Republic of China.

 

Directors and Executive Officers

   Age   

Position

Charles Zhang

   44    Chairman of the Board of Directors

Tao Wang

   33    CEO and Director

Alex Ho

   34    Chief Financial Officer

Dewen Chen

   33    Chief Operating Officer

Xiaojian Hong

   31    Chief Technology Officer

Ya-Qin Zhang

   43    Director nominee

Dave De Yang

   43    Director nominee

Dr. Charles Zhang is the Chairman of our board of directors. Dr. Zhang is the founder of Sohu and has been Chairman of the Board and CEO of Sohu since August 1996. Prior to founding Sohu, Dr. Zhang worked for Internet Securities Inc., or ISI, and helped establish its China operations. Prior to joining ISI, he worked as Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s liaison officer with China. Dr. Zhang has a Ph.D. in Experimental Physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a bachelor of science degree from Tsinghua University in Beijing.

Tao Wang is our CEO and a director. Mr. Wang has over 11 years of experience in the computer game industry in China and was one of the principal founders of our online game business. Prior to our carve-out from Sohu, Mr. Wang served as Sohu’s Vice President of MMORPG business. Mr. Wang joined Sohu in December 2004 and was instrumental in the ramp up of our MMORPG business and played a key role in the success of TLBB. Prior to joining Sohu, Mr. Wang worked at Sina and was the Managing Technology Director for its iGAME development and operations. From 2001 to 2003, Mr. Wang served as the Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of Beijing Tian Ren Interactive Software Technologies Co. Ltd., a PRC games distributor and operator. From 1998 to 2001, Mr. Wang was a project manager at Object Software (Beijing) Limited, one of the pioneer games and multi-media software developers in China, responsible for its PC console games, Internet games and multi-media educational software development. From 1997 to 1998, Mr. Wang worked at Fuzhou Wai Xin Software Technologies Co. Ltd. as a software development engineer. Mr. Wang received a bachelor’s degree in Engineering from Hangzhou Industrial Electronics Institute.

Alex Ho is our Chief Financial Officer. Prior to this offering, Mr. Ho was the Senior Finance Director of Sohu, which he joined in January 2005. Prior to joining Sohu, Mr. Ho worked at Arthur Andersen & Co. and PricewaterhouseCoopers in Hong Kong and Beijing, where he was a Senior Manager of Assurance and Business Advisory. With an extensive knowledge of and background in both U.S. and Chinese accounting principles and tax laws, financial management and SEC reporting, Mr. Ho has helped companies through executing mergers and acquisitions in Asia, restructuring businesses, completing the initial public offering process for international markets, as well as compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. Mr. Ho has a bachelor’s degree in Finance and Accounting from the University of Hong Kong. Mr. Ho is a member of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants, the Institute of Management Accountants and the Hong Kong Institute of Certified Public Accountants.

Dewen Chen is our Chief Operating Officer and one of the principal founders of our online game business. Mr. Chen joined Sohu in 2005 as a business manager, responsible for building our sales team for games products and starting May 2006, Mr. Chen was in charge of the overall marketing, promotion, sales and channel distribution of Sohu’s games products. Prior to our carve out from Sohu, Mr. Chen was the Director of Marketing

 

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& Operations of the MMORPG business of Sohu. From April 2000 to April 2005, Mr. Chen worked at Shanghai Hua Teng Software System Co. Ltd. as a pre-sale technology consultant and sale manager of its business with banks. Prior to that, Mr. Chen had worked with Fujian Shi Da Computer Group as a software engineer, project manager and later the Director of the Technology Department at its Shanghai branch office. Mr. Chen received a bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering from Xi’an Jiaotong University.

Xiaojian Hong is our Chief Technology Officer and was one of the principal founders of our MMORPG business. Mr. Hong has significant experience in the security, efficiency and stability of online games software and operations. Prior to our carve-out from Sohu, Mr. Hong was a Senior Manager of Sohu and played a key role in building Sohu’s MMORPG software development division and was responsible for strategic planning for technology framework design and module development for our MMORPG business. From 2004 to 2005, Mr. Hong worked at Sina and was a research and development manager of its iGAME project. From 2001 to 2004, Mr. Hong was the Manager of Research and Development of Beijing Tian Ren Interactive Software Technologies Co. Ltd., responsible for in-house digital games design and development and introduction, distribution and localization of popular overseas games products. From 1999 to 2001, Mr. Hong was a project manager of Object Software (Beijing) Limited. Mr. Hong received a bachelor’s degree in Engineering from Beijing Technology University.

Ya-Qin Zhang will become an independent director and a member of our audit committee upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. Dr. Zhang is the corporate vice president of Microsoft where he oversees the research and development efforts of Microsoft in China. Dr. Zhang joined Microsoft in January 1999 and is one of the founding members of the Microsoft Research Asia Lab, where he served as managing director and chief scientist. Before joining Microsoft in 1999, Dr. Zhang was the director of the Multimedia Technology Laboratory at Sarnoff Corp., where he oversaw the development of several significant digital video encoding and communications technologies. Previously, he worked as a senior technical staff member for GTE Laboratories Inc. and Contel Corp. Dr. Zhang has a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from George Washington University and master’s and bachelor’s degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Science and Technology of China. Dr. Zhang has more than 50 U.S. patents, and has authored more than a dozen books and 300 technical papers and journal articles.

Dave De Yang will become an independent director and a member of our audit committee upon the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. For the past six years, Mr. Yang has worked for McDonald’s Corporation as a financial director and a senior director. Since 2009, Mr. Yang has served as the financial director of the McDonald’s Corporation in China. Prior to such role, he served as the financial director of McDonald’s Corporation in India and as a senior director of McDonald’s Corporation in Asia Pacific and Africa where he oversaw the development and supervision of financial strategy and policy. Prior to joining McDonald’s Corporation, Mr. Yang worked in the U.S. business unit of Ernst & Young LLP for seven years in various positions, including as a senior advisor. During Mr. Yang’s tenure at Ernst & Young LLP, he focused on business risk management consultation, corporate M&A, restructuring of corporate internal management processes, internal audits, risk assessment, control system designs, and auditing of corporate financial statements, primarily for Fortune 500 companies. Mr. Yang has a master’s of business administration degree from the City University of New York, a master’s degree in Management and Engineering from the Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing, and a bachelor’s degree in Physics from the University of Science and Technology of China. Mr. Yang is a member of the U.S. Institute of Certified Internal Auditors, the Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Institute of Certified Management Accountants.

Board of Directors

Upon the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form F-1 of which this prospectus is a part, our board of directors will consist of, Dr. Charles Zhang, Tao Wang, Dr. Ya-Qin Zhang, Dave De Yang and another person who has not yet been nominated as of the date of this filing but who we expect to be nominated prior to the effective date of the registration statement on Form F-1 of which this prospectus is a part. Our directors are

 

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elected by the holders of our ordinary shares and will hold office until our next annual general meeting of shareholders and until their successors are duly elected or appointed, or until their resignation or removal in accordance with the provisions of our memorandum and articles of association. A director is not required to hold any shares in our company by way of qualification. A director may vote with respect to any contract, proposed contract or arrangement in which he is materially interested provided that the nature of such interest is disclosed prior to any vote thereon. A director may exercise all the powers of our company to borrow money, mortgage or charge our undertakings, property and uncalled capital or any part thereof, and issue debentures or other securities whether outright or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of our company or of any third party.

A company of which more than 50% of the voting power is held by a single entity is considered a “controlled company” under the NASDAQ Stock Market’s Marketplace Rules. A controlled company need not comply with the applicable NASDAQ corporate governance rules requiring its board of directors to have a majority of independent directors and independent compensation and corporate governance and nominating committees. Because more than 50% of the voting power of our company will be held by Sohu immediately following this offering, we will qualify as a “controlled company” under the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market’s Marketplace Rules. Immediately following this offering, we will avail ourselves of the controlled company exception provided under those rules. In the event that we are no longer a controlled company, a majority of our board of directors will be required to be independent and it will be necessary for us to have compensation and corporate governance and nominating committees that are composed entirely of independent directors, subject to a phase-in period during the first year we cease to be a controlled company.

Committees of the Board of Directors

Audit Committee.  Our audit committee will consist of Dr. Ya-Qin Zhang and Dave De Yang, who have agreed to become members of our board of directors and of the audit committee upon the effectiveness of the registration statement on Form F-1 of which this prospectus is a part, and another person who has not yet been nominated as of the date of this filing but who we expect to be nominated prior to the effective date of the registration statement on Form F-1 of which this prospectus is a part. Our board of directors has determined that Dr. Ya-Qin Zhang and Dave De Yang satisfy the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and Rule 4350 of the NASDAQ Stock Market’s Marketplace Rules. In addition, our board of directors has determined that Dave De Yang has experience and a background which result in his financial sophistication as provided in Rule 4350 of the Marketplace Rules. The full responsibilities of our audit committee are set forth in its charter, which will be reviewed and updated annually and approved by our Board, and will be posted on our website at www.changyou.com. The audit committee oversees our accounting and financial reporting processes and audits of the financial statements of our company. The audit committee is responsible for, among other things:

 

  Ÿ  

selecting the independent auditors and pre-approving all auditing and non-auditing services permitted to be performed by the independent auditors;

 

  Ÿ  

Reviewing with the independent auditors any audit problems or difficulties and management’s response;

 

  Ÿ  

Reviewing and approving all proposed related party transactions, as defined in Item 404 of Regulation S-K under the Securities Act and in the NASDAQ Stock Market Marketplace Rules;

 

  Ÿ  

discussing the annual audited financial statements with management and the independent auditors;

 

  Ÿ  

Reviewing major issues as to the adequacy of our internal controls over financial reporting and any special audit steps adopted in the light of any significant deficiencies or materially weakness in our internal controls; and

 

  Ÿ  

meeting separately and periodically with management and the independent auditors.

 

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Duties of Directors

Under Cayman Islands law, our directors have a common law duty of loyalty to act honestly in good faith with a view to our best interests. Our directors also have a duty to exercise the skill they actually possess with the care and diligence that a reasonably prudent person would exercise in comparable circumstances. In fulfilling their duty of care to us, our directors must ensure compliance with our memorandum and articles of association. A shareholder has the right to seek various remedies if a duty owed by our directors is breached.

Terms of Directors and Officers

A director may be removed by ordinary resolution passed by a majority of our shareholders before the expiration of such director’s term. Officers are elected by and serve at the discretion of the board of directors.

Employment Agreements with Executive Officers

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers. Under these agreements, we may terminate an executive officer’s employment for cause, at any time, for certain acts of such officer such as willful misconduct or gross negligence, repeated failure to perform substantially his duties, indictment or conviction for or confession of a felony, or any crime involving moral turpitude. In such case, such officer will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of termination other than accrued salary and vacation through the date of termination and such officer’s right to all other benefits will terminate, except as required by any applicable law.

We may also terminate our employment agreements with our executive officers without cause upon thirty-days’ advance written notice. In such case of termination by us and also in a case where an executive officer voluntarily terminates his employment with us upon thirty-days’ advance written notice for “good reasons,” we are required to provide him with severance benefits equal to an amount up to six (6) months of his monthly base salary, provided that such executive officer complies with the “employee non-competition, non-solicitation, confidential information and work product agreement” during the severance period and execute a release agreement in the form requested by us. “Good reasons” include (i) any significant change in the executive officer’s duties and responsibilities inconsistent in any material and adverse respect with his title and position, and (ii) any material breach of the employment agreement by us, including any reduction in the executive officer’s base salary or our failure to pay to him any portion of his compensation.

In addition, each of our executive officers has entered into an employee non-competition, non-solicitation, confidential information, and work product agreements with us. Under these agreements, each of our executive officers has agreed to be bound by (i) non-competition restrictions during his employment and for one year after the termination of his employment or for such longer period during which we pay him any severance benefits, and (ii) non-solicitation restrictions during the non-competition period. Each executive officer has agreed to hold, both during and after the termination or expiry of his employment agreement, in strict confidence and not to use, except as required in the performance of his or her duties in connection with the employment, any of our confidential information or trade secrets, any confidential information or trade secrets of our clients or customers, or the confidential or proprietary information of any third party held by us in confidence. The executive officers have also agreed to disclose to us all inventions which they conceive and develop during the employment and to assign all right, title and interest in them to us and agreed not to assert any such rights against us.

Share Incentive Plan

In December 2008, our board of directors and our shareholders adopted our 2008 Share Incentive Plan to attract, motivate and retain the best available personnel, provide additional incentives to our employees, directors and consultants and promote the success of our business. Our 2008 Share Incentive Plan provides for

 

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the issuance of up to 20,000,000 ordinary shares, of which 17,740,000 are Class B ordinary shares and 2,260,000 are Class A ordinary shares.

Plan Administration . Our board of directors or our compensation committee will administer our share incentive plan. The compensation committee or the full board of directors, as appropriate, will determine the provisions and terms and conditions of our awards.

Types of Awards. The following briefly describes the principal features of the various awards that may be granted under our 2008 Share Incentive Plan.

 

  Ÿ  

Options.  Options provide for the right to purchase our ordinary shares at a specified exercise price subject to vesting, and generally will become exercisable in four equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant.

 

  Ÿ  

Restricted Shares.  A restricted share award is the sale of ordinary shares at a price determined by our board or our compensation committee or a grant of our ordinary shares, in each case subject to vesting terms.

 

  Ÿ  

Restricted Share Units.  Restricted share units represent the right to receive our ordinary shares, subject to vesting. Restricted share units will be settled upon vesting, subject to the terms of the award agreement, either by our delivery to the holder of the number of ordinary shares that equals the number of the vested restricted share units or by a cash payment to the holder that equals the then fair market value of the number of underlying ordinary shares. If any of the restricted share units that are settleable in Class B ordinary shares expire without settlement, such underlying Class B ordinary shares will be automatically converted into Class A ordinary shares and such Class A ordinary shares so converted will become available for future issuance under our 2008 Share Incentive Plan.

Award Document.  Awards granted under our share incentive plan are evidenced by an award document that sets forth the terms and conditions applicable to each of these awards, as determined by our board or compensation committee in its sole discretion.

Termination of the Share Incentive Plan. Without further action by our board of directors, our share incentive plan will terminate in August 2018. Our board of directors may amend, suspend, or terminate our 2008 Share Incentive Plan at any time; provided, however, that our board of directors must first seek the approval of the participants of our share incentive plan if such amendment, suspension or termination would adversely affect the rights of participants with respect to any of their existing awards.

Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers

For the year ended December 31, 2008, we paid an aggregate of $11.5 million in cash compensation and we granted a total of 7,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and a total of 9,800,000 Class B restricted shares to our executive officers (of which a total of 1,800,000 Class B restricted shares were exchanged for Class B restricted share units (settleable in Class B ordinary shares) on March 13, 2009). Share-based compensation expenses related to awards to our CEO were recognized as of the respective grant dates of such awards in January 2008 and April 2008. We did not pay compensation to our non-executive directors. None of our directors have service contracts that provide for benefits upon termination of employment. For information regarding share-based compensation paid to officers and directors, see “—Share Incentive Plan.”

Issuance of Restricted Shares and Restricted Share Units to Executive Officers

On January 15, 2009, 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares were issued out of Sohu.com (Game) Limited’s equity interest in us to Prominence Investments Ltd., a British Virgin Islands company beneficially owned by Tao Wang, our CEO. These restricted shares will vest over a four-year period, subject to acceleration

 

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under certain circumstances, commencing on February 1, 2008, and will be forfeited to Sohu.com (Game) Limited if the vesting conditions are not met. Prominence Investments Ltd.’s right to sell 2,000,000 of such restricted shares after full vesting has otherwise occurred is further restricted through January 2015. As of the date of this prospectus, 2,000,000 of such restricted shares have become vested and are no longer subject to forfeiture and 6,000,000 remain subject to vesting. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Results of Operations—Operating Expenses—Share-based Compensation Expenses.”

On January 15, 2009, we issued to our executive officers other than Tao Wang an aggregate of 1,800,000 of our Class B restricted shares. On March 13, 2009, we exchanged these Class B restricted shares for restricted share units (settleable in Class B ordinary shares). The vesting of these restricted share units is contingent upon the completion of an initial public offering by us on an internationally recognized stock exchange, and the restricted share units are otherwise subject to vesting over a four-year period, subject to acceleration certain under circumstances, commencing February 1, 2008. These restricted share units will be forfeited to us if the vesting conditions are not met. The first vesting will occur, retroactively to the dates when they first otherwise would have vested, after the expiration of the underwriters’ 180-day lock-up commencing on the date of this prospectus. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis and Results of Operations—Operating Expenses—Share-based Compensation Expenses.”

The following table summarizes, as of the date of this prospectus, the outstanding restricted shares and restricted share units issued to our directors and executive officers pursuant to our share incentive plan.

 

Directors and Executive Officers

   Class B
Restricted

Shares and
Restricted
Share
Units
   

Date of Issue

  

End of Vesting

Period

Tao Wang

   8,000,000 (1)   January 15, 2009    February 1, 2012

Alex Ho

   *     January 15, 2009   

February 1, 2012

Dewen Chen

   *     January 15, 2009   

February 1, 2012

Xiaojian Hong

   *     January 15, 2009   

February 1, 2012

 

(1)   As of the date of this prospectus, 2,000,000 of such restricted shares have become vested and are no longer subject to forfeiture.
 *   Less than 1% of our total outstanding voting securities.

 

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PRINCIPAL AND SELLING SHAREHOLDER

The following table sets forth information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our shares as of the date of this prospectus by:

 

  Ÿ  

each of our directors and executive officers;

 

  Ÿ  

each person known to us to own beneficially more than 5% of our shares; and

 

  Ÿ  

the selling shareholder.

 

     Ordinary Shares
Beneficially Owned

Prior to This
Offering (1)(2)
    Ordinary Shares
Being Sold in This
Offering (1)
    Ordinary Shares
Beneficially Owned

After This
Offering (1)(2)
 
     Number    %     Number    %     Number     %  

Directors and Executive Officers:

              

Charles Zhang

   —      —       —      —       —       —    

Tao Wang (3)

   15,000,000    15.8 %   —      —       15,000,000     14.6 %

Alex Ho

   —      —       —      —       *     *  

Dewen Chen

   —      —       —      —       *     *  

Xiaojian Hong

   —      —       —      —       *     *  

All directors and executive officers as a group

   15,000,000    15.8 %   —      —       15,450,000     15.0 %

Principal and Selling Shareholder:

              

Sohu.com (Game) Ltd. (4)

   80,000,000    84.2 %   7,500,000    7.9 %   72,500,000     70.7 %

Prominence Investments Ltd. (3)

   15,000,000    15.8 %   —      —       15,000,000     14.6 %

 

 *   Less than 1% of our total outstanding voting securities.
(1)   The calculations in the table above assume there are no Class A ordinary shares and 95,000,000 Class B ordinary shares outstanding as of the date of this prospectus, and 15,000,000 Class A ordinary shares and 87,500,000 Class B ordinary shares outstanding immediately after the closing of this offering. Ordinary shares beneficially owned after this offering assume that the underwriters do not exercise their option to purchase up to an additional 1,125,000 ADSs from Sohu.com (Game) Limited to cover over-allotments.
(2)   Includes the number of ordinary shares and percentage ownership represented by ordinary shares determined to be beneficially owned by a person or entity in accordance with rules of the SEC. The number of ordinary shares beneficially owned by a person or entity includes restricted shares units that will vest within 60 days of the date of this prospectus. Ordinary shares issuable upon the vesting of such restricted share units are deemed outstanding for the purpose of computing the percentage of outstanding ordinary shares owned by that person or entity. Such ordinary shares issuable upon such vesting are not deemed outstanding, however, for the purpose of computing the percentage ownership of any other person or entity.
(3)   Consists of 7,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares held by Prominence Investments Ltd. Prominence Investments Ltd. is a British Virgin Islands company which is ultimately owned by a trust of which Tao Wang, our CEO, is the primary beneficiary. The business address of Prominence Investments Ltd. is c/o Credit Suisse Trust, Singapore, 1 Raffles Link #05-02, Singapore. Of the 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares beneficially held by Mr. Wang, the 6,000,000 that remain unvested as of the date of this prospectus will be forfeited to Sohu.com (Game) Limited upon any forfeiture of the shares in the event that a vesting condition is not met.

(4)

 

Consists of Class B ordinary shares held by Sohu.com (Game) Limited. Sohu.com (Game) Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc. The registered address of Sohu.com (Game) Limited is Scotia Centre, 4 th Floor, P.O. Box 2804, George Town, Grand Cayman, Cayman Islands, KY1-1112. Of the 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares beneficially held by Mr. Wang, the 6,000,000 that remain unvested as of the date of this prospectus will be forfeited to Sohu.com (Game) Limited upon any forfeiture of the shares in the event that a vesting condition is not met.

 

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Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of Class A ordinary shares are entitled to one vote per share, while holders of Class B ordinary shares are entitled to 10 votes per share. We will issue Class A ordinary shares represented by our ADSs in this offering. Sohu and Tao Wang hold Class B ordinary shares, and may choose to convert their Class B ordinary shares into the same number of Class A ordinary shares at any time. Tao Wang holds Class B restricted shares, and once such shares are vested, he may choose to convert his Class B restricted shares into the same number of Class A ordinary shares. Class B restricted shares are only transferable to an affiliate of the holder. See “Description of Share Capital—Ordinary Shares” for a more detailed description of our Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares.

We are not aware of any arrangement that may, at a subsequent date, result in a change of control of our company.

 

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RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Upon completion of this offering, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option, Sohu will hold 70.7% of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares, and will control 81.5% of the voting power of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares due to the additional voting power of the Class B ordinary shares it holds. If the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, upon completion of this offering, Sohu will hold 68.5% of our combined total outstanding ordinary shares and will control 80.8% of the combined total voting power of our outstanding ordinary shares. Following the completion of this offering, Sohu will continue to have the power acting alone to approve any action requiring a vote of the majority of our ordinary shares and to elect all our directors.

Contractual Arrangements with Gamease and Its Shareholders

PRC laws currently restrict foreign ownership of online game businesses. To comply with PRC laws, we conduct our game operations and distribution businesses through AmazGame’s contractual arrangements with Gamease and its shareholders. See “Our History and Corporate Structure—Contractual Arrangements with our VIE and Its Shareholders.”

Transactions and Agreements with Sohu

Expenses charged from Sohu for sales and marketing services and certain other services, including the use of Sohu’s PEAK system, amounted to $19.3 million, $14.6 million and $0.6 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The amounts of these charges were agreed to by Sohu and us with reference to amounts charged for similar services by unrelated parties. Total corporate marketing and general administrative expenses allocated from Sohu were $11.3 million, $3.9 million and $1.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. The corporate marketing and general administrative expenses allocated from Sohu consist primarily of shared advertising expenses and share based compensation of senior management. The amounts of these charges were allocated to us based on a variety of factors depending upon the nature of the expenses being allocated, including the corresponding level of revenues and the number of employees and the number of servers involved. See the notes to our consolidated financial statements regarding “Related Party Transactions” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

In the future, we expect to continue to use the Sohu logo, to purchase banner advertisements from Sohu, and to include advertisements for and links to our MMORPGs on Sohu’s 17173.com website. For each of such services, we will pay Sohu at the same rates as Sohu charges third parties for such services. We also expect to use Sohu’s PEAK online billing system and for Sohu to provide links to our MMORPG website on Sohu.com’s main website, for which we will pay Sohu at a rate comparable to the rates charged by third-party providers for similar services. In the future, for so long as Sohu remains as our controlling shareholder, we intend to enter into new agreements, or make amendments to existing agreements, between us and Sohu that involve significant expenditures or commitments with reference to the terms of similar agreements between unrelated third parties. We will also submit such agreements and amendments for review by a committee of independent members of our board of directors.

We have entered into various agreements with Sohu, our controlling shareholder. See “Our Relationship with Sohu.”

Loans Outstanding

As of December 31, 2008 and 2007, we had outstanding loan payables to Sohu in the amount of $8.5 million and $5.0 million, respectively, with annual interest rates ranging from 4.8% to 5.05%. The $5.0 million loan made in 2007 was advanced by Sohu to fund the establishment of AmazGame and the $3.5 million loan made in 2008 was advanced to provide for working capital needs of Changyou HK. The loans are repayable within thirty days after demand for repayment by Sohu.

 

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Amounts Due to/from Sohu

Intercompany payables to Sohu, arising mainly from expenses charged from Sohu for sales and marketing services provided to us and an allocation of Sohu’s shared advertising expenses, amounted to $10.8 million as of December 31, 2008. Intercompany payables to Sohu, arising mainly from assets transferred from and services provided by Sohu in 2007, amounted to $21.7 million as of December 31, 2007. Intercompany receivables from Sohu, arising mainly from customer advances collected by Sohu on our behalf, were $8.5 million and $8.8 million as of December 31, 2008 and December 31, 2007, respectively. These balances are interest free and settleable on demand, and are measured at the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties, which approximates amounts charged to third parties.

Other Transactions with Certain Directors, Shareholders and Affiliates

See “Management—Compensation of Directors and Executive Officers.”

Employment Agreements

See “Management—Employment Agreements.”

Share Incentive Plan

See “Management—Share Incentive Plan.”

 

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DESCRIPTION OF SHARE CAPITAL

We are a Cayman Islands company and our affairs are governed by our memorandum and articles of association and the Companies Law (2007 Revision) (as consolidated and revised) of the Cayman Islands, which is referred to as the Companies Law below.

As of the date of this prospectus, our authorized share capital consists of 297,740,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share. Of such authorized ordinary shares, 200,000,000 are designated as Class A ordinary shares, none of which are issued and outstanding and 456,000 of which have been reserved for issuance upon vesting of Class A restricted share units (settleable in Class A ordinary shares) granted under our 2008 Share Incentive Plan, and 97,740,000 are designated as Class B ordinary shares, 95,000,000 of which are issued and outstanding and 2,740,000 of which have been reserved for issuance upon vesting of Class B restricted share units (settleable in Class B ordinary shares) granted under our 2008 Share Incentive Plan.

Holders of Class A ordinary shares and holders of Class B ordinary shares have the same rights, with the exception of voting and conversion rights, as described in the following paragraphs.

The following are summaries of material provisions of our memorandum and articles of association and the Companies Law insofar as they relate to the material terms of our ordinary shares.

Ordinary Shares

General .     Our ordinary shares are divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and holders of Class B ordinary shares have the same rights, with the exception of voting and conversion rights. All of our outstanding ordinary shares are fully paid and non-assessable. Certificates representing the ordinary shares are issued in registered form. Our shareholders who are nonresidents of the Cayman Islands may freely hold and vote their shares.

Dividends .    The holders of our ordinary shares are entitled to such dividends as may be declared by our board of directors subject to the Companies Law.

Conversion .     Each Class B ordinary share is convertible into one Class A ordinary share at any time at the election of the holder. Class A ordinary shares are not convertible into Class B ordinary shares under any circumstances. No Class B ordinary shares may be transferred by a holder to any person or entity that is not an affiliate of ours or an affiliate of the holder. For purposes of this paragraph, “affiliate” means (i) in the case of a natural person, such person’s parents, parents-in-law, spouse, children or grandchildren, a trust for the benefit of any of the foregoing, a company, partnership or any natural person or entity wholly or jointly owned by any of the foregoing, and (ii) in the case of an entity, a partnership, a corporation or any natural person or entity which directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such entity. The term “control” shall mean the ownership, directly or indirectly, of shares possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting power of the corporation, or the partnership or other entity (other than, in the case of corporation, share having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency), or having the power to control the management or elect a majority of members to the board of directors or equivalent decision-making body of such corporation, partnership or other entity.

Voting Rights .     All of our shareholders have the right to receive notice of shareholders’ meetings and to attend, speak and vote at such meetings. With respect to matters requiring a shareholder vote, each Class A ordinary share is entitled to one vote, and each Class B ordinary share is entitled to 10 votes. Holders of Class A ordinary shares and holders of Class B ordinary shares vote together as one class. A shareholder may participate

 

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at a shareholders’ meeting in person, by proxy or by telephone conference or other communications equipment by means of which all the shareholders participating in the meeting can communicate with each other. A poll may be demanded by our Chief Executive Officer or any shareholder holding at least 50.0% of the voting power of shares with the right to vote at the meeting, present in person or by proxy.

A quorum for a shareholders’ meeting consists of holders of at least half of the voting rights of the total paid-up shares entitled to vote thereat present in person or by proxy or, if a corporation or other nonnatural person, by its duly authorized representative. Shareholders’ meetings are held at least annually and may only be convened by our board of directors on its own initiative. Advance notice of at least five days is required for the convening of our annual general meeting and other shareholders’ meetings.

An ordinary resolution to be passed by the shareholders requires the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the votes attaching to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting, while a special resolution requires the affirmative vote of a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast attaching to the ordinary shares cast in a general meeting. A special resolution is required for matters such as a change of name for our company, alteration of our company’s objectives and a reduction of share capital. Holders of the ordinary shares may effect certain changes by ordinary resolution, including altering the amount of our authorized share capital, consolidating and dividing all or any of our share capital into shares of larger amount than our existing share capital and canceling any shares.

Transfer of Shares .     Subject to the restrictions of our articles of association, as more fully described below, any of our shareholders may transfer all or any of his or her ordinary shares by an instrument of transfer in the usual or common form or by any other form approved by our board.

Our board of directors may, in its absolute discretion, decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share which is not fully paid up or on which we have a lien. Our directors may also decline to register any transfer of any ordinary share unless (a) the instrument of transfer is lodged with us, accompanied by the certificate for the ordinary shares to which it relates and such other evidence as our board of directors may reasonably require to show the right of the transferor to make the transfer; (b) the instrument of transfer is in respect of only one class of ordinary shares; (c) the instrument of transfer is properly stamped, if required; and (d) in the case of a transfer to joint holders, the number of joint holders to whom the ordinary share is to be transferred does not exceed four. There is presently no legal requirement under Cayman Islands law for instruments of transfer for our ordinary shares to be stamped. In addition, our board of directors has no present intention to charge any fee in connection with the registration of a transfer of ordinary shares.

If our directors refuse to register a transfer they shall, within two months after the date on which the instrument of transfer was lodged, send to each of the transferor and the transferee notice of such refusal. The registration of transfers may, on prior notice being given by advertisement in one or more newspapers or by electronic means, be suspended and the register closed at such times and for such periods as our board of directors may from time to time determine; provided, however, that the registration of transfers shall not be suspended nor the register closed for more than 30 days in any year.

Liquidation .    On a return of capital on winding-up or otherwise (other than on conversion, redemption or purchase of shares), assets available for distribution among the holders of ordinary shares shall be distributed among the holders of the ordinary shares on a pro rata basis. If our assets available for distribution are insufficient to repay all of the paid-up capital, the assets will be distributed so that the losses are borne by our shareholders proportionately.

Calls on Shares and Forfeiture of Shares .    Our articles of association permit us to issue our shares, including ordinary shares, nil paid and partially paid. This permits us to issue shares where the payment for such shares has yet to be received. Although our articles give us the flexibility to issue nil paid and partly paid shares, our board has no present intention to do so. Our board of directors may from time to time make calls upon

 

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shareholders for any amounts unpaid on their shares in a notice served to such shareholders at least 14 days prior to the specified time and place of payment. The shares that have been called upon and remain unpaid on the specified time are subject to forfeiture.

Redemption of Shares .    Subject to the provisions of the Companies Law, the rules of the designated stock exchange, our memorandum and articles of association and to any special rights conferred on the holders of any shares or class of shares, we may issue shares on terms that they are subject to redemption at our option or at the option of the holders, on such terms and in such manner as may be determined by our board of directors. Our currently outstanding ordinary shares and those to be issued in this offering will not be subject to redemption at the option of the holders or our board of directors.

Variations of Rights of Shares .    All or any of the special rights attached to any class of shares may, subject to the provisions of the Companies Law, be varied with the sanction of a special resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.

Inspection of Register of Members .    Pursuant to our articles of association, our register of members and branch register of members shall be open for inspection by shareholders for such times and on such days as our board of directors shall determine, without charge, or by any other person upon a maximum payment of $2.50 or such other sum specified by the board, at the registered office or such other place at which the register is kept in accordance with the Companies Law or, upon a maximum payment of $1.00 or such other sum specified by the board, at our registered office, unless the register is closed in accordance with our articles of association.

Designations and Classes of Shares .    All of our issued shares upon the closing of this offering will be ordinary shares, divided into Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares. Our articles provide that our authorized unissued shares shall be at the disposal of our board of directors, which may offer, allot, grant options over or otherwise dispose of them to such persons, at such times and for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as our board may in its absolute discretion determine. In particular, our board of directors is empowered to authorize from time to time the issuance of one or more classes or series of preferred shares and to fix the designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other rights, if any, and the qualifications, limitations and restrictions thereof, if any, including, without limitation, the number of shares constituting each such class or series, dividend rights, conversion rights, redemption privileges, voting powers, full or limited or no voting powers, and liquidation preferences, and to increase or decrease the size of any such class or series.

History of Securities Issuances

The following is a summary of our securities issuances since our inception in August 2007. The share numbers in this summary do not reflect the ten-for-one split of our outstanding Class B ordinary shares described at the end of this summary.

We were incorporated in the Cayman Islands on August 6, 2007. We issued 50,000 shares, constituting all of our share capital, to Sohu.com Limited, a subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc., on the date of incorporation for a purchase price per share of $1.00, which was the par value per share on that date.

On February 29, 2008, Sohu.com Limited transferred its 50,000 shares in us to Sohu.com (Game) Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc.

On May 29, 2008, we subdivided all of our outstanding shares, comprising 50,000 shares, par value $1.00, into 5,000,000 shares, par value $0.01.

Also on May 29, 2008, we increased our authorized ordinary shares to 10,000,000, par value $0.01.

On June 1, 2008, we issued an additional 3,500,000 ordinary shares to Sohu.com (Game) Limited for a purchase price per share of $0.01, or the par value per share.

 

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On December 31, 2008, Sohu.com (Game) Limited transferred 8,500,000 ordinary shares to us; we cancelled such 8,500,000 ordinary shares; we increased our authorized ordinary shares from 10,000,000 to 109,774,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share, with 100,000,000 of such shares designated as Class A ordinary shares and 9,774,000 of such shares designated as Class B ordinary shares; and we issued 8,000,000 Class B ordinary shares to Sohu.com (Game) Limited.

On January 15, 2009, 700,000 Class B ordinary shares and 800,000 Class B restricted shares were issued out of Sohu.com (Game) Limited’s equity interest in us to Tao Wang, our Chief Executive Officer, in lieu of a contingent right Mr. Wang held to receive 25% of the value of an indirect subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc. upon the occurrence of certain events.

On January 15, 2009, we issued an aggregate of 180,000 Class B restricted shares to certain of our executive officers.

On January 15, 2009, we issued an aggregate of 94,000 Class B restricted share units (settleable upon vesting in Class B ordinary shares) to certain of our key employees.

On February 17, 2009, we granted an aggregate of 45,600 Class A restricted share units (settleable upon vesting in Class A ordinary shares) to certain of our employees.

On March 13, 2009, we exchanged the 180,000 Class B restricted shares held by our executive officers other than the CEO for Class B restricted share units (settleable upon vesting in Class B ordinary shares).

On March 16, 2009, we (i) increased our authorized ordinary shares from 109,774,000 to 297,740,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share, with 200,000,000 of such shares designated as Class A ordinary shares and 97,740,000 of such shares designated as Class B ordinary shares, (ii) effected a ten-for-one split of outstanding Class B ordinary shares by way of a bonus share issuance of nine Class B ordinary shares for each Class B ordinary share then outstanding, nine Class B restricted shares for each Class B restricted share then outstanding and (iii) made a corresponding adjustment in the number of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of Class A and Class B restricted share units outstanding as of that date.

Differences in Corporate Law

The Companies Law is modeled after that of English law but does not follow many recent English law statutory enactments. In addition, the Companies Law differs from laws applicable to United States corporations and their shareholders. Set forth below is a summary of the significant differences between the provisions of the Companies Law applicable to us and the laws applicable to companies incorporated in the State of Delaware in the United States and their shareholders.

Mergers and Similar Arrangements

Cayman Islands law does not provide for mergers as that expression is understood under United States corporate law. However, there are statutory provisions that facilitate the reconstruction and amalgamation of companies, provided that the arrangement is approved by a majority in number of each class of shareholders and creditors with whom the arrangement is to be made, and who must in addition represent three-fourths in value of each such class of shareholders or creditors, as the case may be, that are present and voting either in person or by proxy at a meeting, or meetings, convened for that purpose. The convening of the meetings and subsequently the arrangement must be sanctioned by the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands. While a dissenting shareholder has the right to express to the court the view that the transaction ought not to be approved, the court can be expected to approve the arrangement if it determines that:

 

  Ÿ  

the statutory provisions as to the due majority vote have been met;

 

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  Ÿ  

the shareholders have been fairly represented at the meeting in question;

 

  Ÿ  

the arrangement is such that a businessman would reasonably approve; and

 

  Ÿ  

the arrangement is not one that would more properly be sanctioned under some other provision of the Companies Law.

When a take-over offer is made and accepted by holders of 90.0% of the shares (within four months), the offerer may, within a two-month period, require the holders of the remaining shares to transfer such shares on the terms of the offer. An objection can be made to the Grand Court of the Cayman Islands but this is unlikely to succeed unless there is evidence of fraud, bad faith or collusion.

If the arrangement and reconstruction is thus approved, the dissenting shareholder would have no rights comparable to appraisal rights, which would otherwise ordinarily be available to dissenting shareholders of United States corporations, providing rights to receive payment in cash for the judicially determined value of the shares.

Shareholders’ Suits

We are not aware of any reported class action or derivative action having been brought in a Cayman Islands court. In principle, we will normally be the proper plaintiff and a derivative action may not be brought by a minority shareholder. However, based on English authorities, which would in all likelihood be of persuasive authority in the Cayman Islands, there are exceptions to the foregoing principle, including when:

 

  Ÿ  

a company acts or proposes to act illegally or ultra vires;

 

  Ÿ  

the act complained of, although not ultra vires, could be effected duly if authorized by more than a simple majority vote that has not been obtained; and

 

  Ÿ  

those who control the company are perpetrating a “fraud on the minority.”

Indemnification of Directors and Executive Officers and Limitation of Liability

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association permit indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such unless such losses or damages arise from fraud or willful default of such directors or officers. This standard of conduct is generally the same as permitted under the Delaware General Corporation Law for a Delaware corporation. In addition, we have entered into indemnification agreements with our directors and senior executive officers that provide such persons with additional indemnification beyond that provided in our amended and restated memorandum and articles of association.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers or persons controlling us under the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable as a matter of United States law.

Directors’ Fiduciary Duties

Under Delaware corporate law, a director of a Delaware corporation has a fiduciary duty to the corporation and its shareholders. This duty has two components: the duty of care and the duty of loyalty. The duty of care requires that a director act in good faith, with the care that an ordinarily prudent person would exercise under similar circumstances. Under this duty, a director must inform himself of, and disclose to

 

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shareholders, all material information reasonably available regarding a significant transaction. The duty of loyalty requires that a director act in a manner he reasonably believes to be in the best interests of the corporation. He must not use his corporate position for personal gain or advantage. This duty prohibits self- dealing by a director and mandates that the best interest of the corporation and its shareholders take precedence over any interest possessed by a director, officer or controlling shareholder and not shared by the shareholders generally. In general, actions of a director are presumed to have been made on an informed basis, in good faith and in the honest belief that the action taken was in the best interests of the corporation. However, this presumption may be rebutted by evidence of a breach of one of the fiduciary duties. Should such evidence be presented concerning a transaction by a director, a director must prove the procedural fairness of the transaction, and that the transaction was of fair value to the corporation.

As a matter of Cayman Islands law, a director of a Cayman Islands company is in the position of a fiduciary with respect to the company and therefore it is considered that he owes the following duties to the company—a duty to act bona fide in the best interests of the company, a duty not to make a profit based on his position as director (unless the company permits him to do so) and a duty not to put himself in a position where the interests of the company conflict with his personal interest or his duty to a third party. A director of a Cayman Islands company owes to the company a duty to act with skill and care. It was previously considered that a director need not exhibit in the performance of his duties a greater degree of skill than may reasonably be expected from a person of his knowledge and experience. However, English and British Commonwealth courts have moved towards an objective standard with regard to the required skill and care and these authorities are likely to be followed in the Cayman Islands.

Transactions with Interested Shareholders

The Delaware General Corporation Law contains a business combination statute applicable to Delaware public corporations whereby, unless the corporation has specifically elected not to be governed by such statute by amendment to its certificate of incorporation, it is prohibited from engaging in certain business combinations with an “interested shareholder” for three years following the date that such person becomes an interested shareholder. An interested shareholder generally is a person or group who or which owns or owned 15% or more of the target’s outstanding voting stock within the past three years. This has the effect of limiting the ability of a potential acquirer to make a two-tiered bid for the target in which all shareholders would not be treated equally. The statute does not apply if, among other things, prior to the date on which such shareholder becomes an interested shareholder, the board of directors approves either the business combination or the transaction which resulted in the person becoming an interested shareholder. This encourages any potential acquirer of a Delaware public corporation to negotiate the terms of any acquisition transaction with the target’s board of directors.

Cayman Islands law has no comparable statute. As a result, we cannot avail ourselves of the types of protections afforded by the Delaware business combination statute. However, although Cayman Islands law does not regulate transactions between a company and its significant shareholders, it does provide that such transactions must be entered into bona fide in the best interests of the company and not with the effect of constituting a fraud on the minority shareholders.

Dissolution or Winding-up

Under the Delaware General Corporation Law, unless the board of directors approves the proposal to dissolve, dissolution must be approved by shareholders holding 100% of the total voting power of the corporation. Only if the dissolution is initiated by the board of directors may it be approved by a simple majority of the corporation’s outstanding shares. Delaware law allows a Delaware corporation to include in its certificate of incorporation a supermajority voting requirement in connection with dissolutions initiated by the board. Under the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands and our amended and restated articles of association, our company may be dissolved, liquidated or wound up by the vote of holders of two-thirds of our shares voting at a meeting or the unanimous written resolution of all shareholders.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF AMERICAN DEPOSITARY SHARES

American Depositary Shares

The Bank of New York Mellon, as depositary, will register and deliver ADSs. Each ADS will represent two shares (or a right to receive two shares) deposited with the principal Hong Kong office of Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited, as custodian for the depositary. Each ADS will also represent any other securities, cash or other property which may be held by the depositary. The depositary’s corporate trust office at which the ADSs will be administered is located at 101 Barclay Street, New York, New York 10286. The Bank of New York Mellon’s principal executive office is located at One Wall Street, New York, New York 10286.

You may hold ADSs either (A) directly (i) by having ADSs registered in your name in the Direct Registration System, or (ii) by having an American depositary receipt, also referred to as an ADR, which is a certificate evidencing a specific number of ADSs, registered in your name, or (B) indirectly by holding a security entitlement in ADSs through your broker or other financial institution. If you hold ADSs directly, you are a registered ADS holder, also referred to as an ADS holder. This description assumes you are an ADS holder. If you hold the ADSs indirectly, you must rely on the procedures of your broker or other financial institution to assert the rights of ADS holders described in this section. You should consult with your broker or financial institution to find out what those procedures are.

The Direct Registration System, or DRS, is a system administered by The Depository Trust Company, also referred to as DTC, pursuant to which the depositary may register the ownership of uncertificated ADSs, which ownership will be confirmed by periodic statements sent by the depositary to the registered holders of uncertificated ADSs.

As an ADS holder, you will not be treated as one of our registered shareholders and you will not have direct shareholder rights. Cayman Islands law governs our direct shareholders’ rights. The depositary will be the holder of the shares underlying your ADSs. As a registered holder of ADSs, you will have ADS holder rights. A Deposit Agreement among us, the depositary and you, as an ADS holder, and all other persons indirectly holding ADSs, sets out ADS holder rights as well as the rights and obligations of the depositary. New York law governs the Deposit Agreement and the ADSs.

The following is a summary of the material provisions of the Deposit Agreement. For more complete information, you should read the entire Deposit Agreement and the form of ADR, which contains the terms of the ADSs. The Deposit Agreement is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement that includes this prospectus. You may obtain the registration statement and the attached Deposit Agreement from the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov . You may also obtain a copy of the Deposit Agreement at the SEC’s Public Reference Room, which is located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-732-0330.

Dividends and Other Distributions

How will you receive dividends and other distributions on the shares?

The depositary has agreed to pay to ADS holders the cash dividends or other distributions it or the custodian receives on shares or other deposited securities, after deducting its fees and expenses. You will receive these distributions in proportion to the number of Class A ordinary shares your ADSs represent.

 

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Cash .    The depositary will convert any cash dividend or other cash distribution we pay on the Class A ordinary shares into U.S. dollars, if it can do so on a reasonable basis and can transfer the U.S. dollars to the United States. If that is not possible or if any government approval is needed and cannot be obtained, the Deposit Agreement will permit the depositary to distribute the Renminbi or other

 

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foreign currency only to those ADS holders to whom it is possible to do so. The depositary will hold the Renminbi or other foreign currency it cannot convert for the account of the ADS holders who have not been paid. It will not invest the Renminbi or other foreign currency and it will not be liable for any interest.

Before making a distribution, any withholding taxes, or other governmental charges that must be paid will be deducted. The depositary will distribute only whole U.S. dollars and cents and will round fractional cents to the nearest whole cent. If exchange rates fluctuate during a time when the depositary cannot convert the Renminbi or other foreign currency, you may lose some or all of the value of the distribution.

 

  Ÿ  

Shares .     The depositary may distribute additional ADSs representing any Class A Ordinary Shares we distribute as a dividend or other distribution. The depositary will only distribute whole ADSs. It will sell shares which would require it to deliver a fractional ADS and distribute the net proceeds in the same way as it does with cash. If the depositary does not distribute additional ADSs, the outstanding ADSs will also represent the new shares. The depositary may sell a portion of the distributed shares sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in connection with that distribution.

 

  Ÿ  

Rights to Purchase Additional Shares .     If we offer holders of our securities any rights to subscribe for additional shares or any other rights, the depositary may make these rights available to ADS holders. If the depositary decides it is not legal and practical to make the rights available but that it is practical to sell the rights, the depositary will use reasonable efforts to sell the rights and distribute the proceeds in the same way as it does with cash. The depositary will allow rights that are not distributed or sold to lapse. In that case, you will receive no value for them.

If the depositary makes rights available to ADS holders, it will exercise the rights and purchase the shares on your behalf upon your instruction. The depositary will then deposit the shares and deliver ADSs to the persons entitled to them. The depositary will only exercise rights if you pay it the exercise price and any other charges the rights require you to pay.

U.S. securities laws may restrict transfers and cancellation of the ADSs represented by shares purchased upon exercise of rights. For example, you may not be able to trade these ADSs freely in the United States. In such a case, the depositary may deliver restricted depositary shares that have the same terms as the ADSs described in this section except for changes needed to put the necessary restrictions in place.

 

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Other Distributions .     The depositary will send to ADS holders anything else we distribute on deposited securities by any means it thinks is legal, fair and practical. If it cannot make the distribution in that way, the depositary has a choice. It may decide to sell what we distributed for cash and distribute the net proceeds, in the same way as it does with cash dividends. Or, it may decide to hold what we distributed, in which case ADSs will also represent the newly distributed property. However, the depositary is not required to distribute any securities (other than ADSs) to ADS holders unless it receives satisfactory evidence from us that it is legal to make that distribution. The depositary may sell a portion of the distributed securities or property sufficient to pay its fees and expenses in connection with that distribution.

The depositary is not responsible if it decides that it is unlawful or impractical to make a distribution available to any ADS holders. We have no obligation to register ADSs, shares, rights or other securities under the Securities Act. We also have no obligation to take any other action to permit the distribution of ADSs, shares, rights or anything else to ADS holders. This means that you may not receive the distributions we make on our shares or any value for them if it is illegal or impractical for us to make them available to you .

 

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Deposit, Withdrawal and Cancellation

How are ADSs issued?

The depositary will deliver ADSs if you or your broker deposit shares or evidence of rights to receive shares from us or from our registrar, transfer agent or other entity recording share ownership as our agent with the custodian. Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, the depositary will register the appropriate number of ADSs in the names you request and will deliver the ADSs to or upon the order of the person or persons that made the deposit.

How can ADS holders withdraw the deposited securities?

You may surrender your ADSs at the depositary’s corporate trust office. Upon payment of its fees and expenses and of any taxes or charges, such as stamp taxes or stock transfer taxes or fees, the depositary will deliver the shares and any other deposited securities underlying the ADSs to the ADS holder or a person the ADS holder designates at the office of the custodian. Or, at your request, risk and expense, the depositary will deliver the deposited securities at its corporate trust office, if feasible.

Voting Rights

How do you vote?

ADS holders may instruct the depositary to vote the number of deposited shares their ADSs represent. The depositary will notify ADS holders of shareholders’ meetings and arrange to deliver our voting materials to them if we ask it to. Those materials will describe the matters to be voted on and explain how ADS holders may instruct the depositary how to vote. For instructions to be valid, they must reach the depositary by a date set by the depositary.

Otherwise, you won’t be able to exercise your right to vote unless you withdraw the shares. However, you may not know about the meeting enough in advance to withdraw the shares.

The depositary will try, as far as practical, subject to the laws of the Cayman Islands and of our articles of association or similar documents, to vote or to have its agents vote the shares or other deposited securities as instructed by ADS holders. The depositary will only vote or attempt to vote as instructed or as described below.

We can not assure you that you will receive the voting materials in time to ensure that you can instruct the depositary to vote your shares. In addition, the depositary and its agents are not responsible for failing to carry out voting instructions or for the manner of carrying out voting instructions. This means that you may not be able to exercise your right to vote and there may be nothing you can do if your shares are not voted as you requested.

If we timely asked the depositary to solicit your instructions and the depositary does not receive voting instructions from you by the specified date, it will consider you to have authorized and directed it to give a discretionary proxy to a person designated by us to vote the number of deposited securities represented by your ADSs. The depositary will give a discretionary proxy in those circumstances to vote on all questions at to be voted upon unless we notify the depositary that:

 

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we do not wish to receive a discretionary proxy;

 

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we think there is substantial shareholder opposition to the particular question; or

 

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we think the particular question would have a adverse impact on our shareholders.

 

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In order to give you a reasonable opportunity to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of voting rights relating to deposited securities, if we request the depositary to act, we agree to give the depositary notice of any such meeting and details concerning the matters to be voted upon at least 45 days in advance of the meeting date.

Fees and Expenses

 

Persons depositing or withdrawing shares or ADS
holders must pay
:
   For :
$5.00 (or less) per 100 ADSs (or portion of 100 ADSs)    •   Issuance of ADSs, including issuances resulting
from a distribution of shares or rights or other
property

 

•   Cancellation of ADSs for the purpose of
withdrawal, including if the Deposit Agreement
terminates

$.02 (or less) per ADS    •   Any cash distribution to ADS holders
A fee equivalent to the fee that would be payable if securities distributed to you had been shares and the shares had been deposited for issuance of ADSs    •   Distribution of securities distributed to holders of
deposited securities which are distributed by the
depositary to ADS holders
$.02 (or less) per ADSs per calendar year    •   Depositary services
Registration or transfer fees    •   Transfer and registration of shares on our share
register to or from the name of the depositary or its
agent when you deposit or withdraw shares
Expenses of the depositary    •   Cable, telex and facsimile transmissions (when
expressly provided in the Deposit Agreement)

 

•   converting foreign currency to U.S. dollars

Taxes and other governmental charges the depositary or the custodian have to pay on any ADS or share underlying an ADS, for example, stock transfer taxes, stamp duty or withholding taxes    •   As necessary
Any charges incurred by the depositary or its agents for servicing the deposited securities    •   As necessary

Payment of Taxes

You will be responsible for any taxes or other governmental charges payable on your ADSs or on the deposited securities represented by any of your ADSs. The depositary may refuse to register any transfer of your ADSs or allow you to withdraw the deposited securities represented by your ADSs until such taxes or other charges are paid. It may apply payments owed to you or sell deposited securities represented by your ADSs to pay any taxes owed and you will remain liable for any deficiency. If the depositary sells deposited securities, it will, if appropriate, reduce the number of ADSs to reflect the sale and pay to ADS holders any proceeds, or send to ADS holders any property, remaining after it has paid the taxes.

 

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Reclassifications, Recapitalizations and Mergers

 

If we:    Then:

•   Change the nominal or par value of our shares

 

•   Reclassify, split up or consolidate any of the deposited securities

 

•   Distribute securities on the shares that are not distributed to you

 

•   Recapitalize, reorganize, merge, consolidate, sell all or substantially all of our assets, or take any similar action

   The cash, shares or other securities received by the
depositary will become deposited securities. Each
ADS will automatically represent its equal share of
the new deposited securities.

 

The depositary may, and will if we ask it to, distribute
some or all of the cash, shares or other securities it
received. It may also deliver new ADRs or ask you to
surrender your outstanding ADRs in exchange for
new ADRs identifying the new deposited securities.

Amendment and Termination

How may the Deposit Agreement be amended?

We may agree with the depositary to amend the Deposit Agreement and the ADRs without your consent for any reason. If an amendment adds or increases fees or charges, except for taxes and other governmental charges or expenses of the depositary for registration fees, facsimile costs, delivery charges or similar items, or prejudices a substantial right of ADS holders, it will not become effective for outstanding ADSs until 30 days after the depositary notifies ADS holders of the amendment. At the time an amendment becomes effective, you are considered, by continuing to hold your ADSs, to agree to the amendment and to be bound by the ADRs and the Deposit Agreement as amended .

How may the Deposit Agreement be terminated?

The depositary will terminate the Deposit Agreement at our direction by mailing notice of termination to the ADS holders then outstanding at least 30 days prior to the date fixed in such notice for such termination. The depositary may also terminate the Deposit Agreement by mailing notice of termination to us and the ADS holders if 60 days have passed since the depositary told us it wants to resign but a successor depositary has not been appointed and accepted its appointment.

After termination, the depositary and its agents will do the following under the Deposit Agreement but nothing else: collect distributions on the deposited securities, sell rights and other property, and deliver shares and other deposited securities upon cancellation of ADSs. Four months after termination, the depositary may sell any remaining deposited securities by public or private sale. After that, the depositary will hold the money it received on the sale, as well as any other cash it is holding under the Deposit Agreement for the pro rata benefit of the ADS holders that have not surrendered their ADSs. It will not invest the money and has no liability for interest. The depositary’s only obligations will be to account for the money and other cash. After termination our only obligations will be to indemnify the depositary and to pay fees and expenses of the depositary that we agreed to pay.

Limitations on Obligations and Liability

Limits on our Obligations and the Obligations of the Depositary; Limits on Liability to Holders of ADSs

The Deposit Agreement expressly limits our obligations and the obligations of the depositary. It also limits our liability and the liability of the depositary. We and the depositary:

 

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are only obligated to take the actions specifically set forth in the Deposit Agreement without negligence or bad faith;

 

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  Ÿ  

are not liable if we are or it is prevented or delayed by law or circumstances beyond our control from performing our or its obligations under the Deposit Agreement;

 

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are not liable if we or it exercises discretion permitted under the Deposit Agreement;

 

  Ÿ  

are not liable for the inability of any holder of ADSs to benefit from any distribution on deposited securities that is not made available to holders of ADSs under the terms of the Deposit Agreement, or for any special, consequential or punitive damages for any breach of the terms of the Deposit Agreement;

 

  Ÿ  

have no obligation to become involved in a lawsuit or other proceeding related to the ADSs or the Deposit Agreement on your behalf or on behalf of any other person;

 

  Ÿ  

may rely upon any advice of or information from legal counsel, accountants, any person presenting Class A ordinary shares for deposit, any person in whose name the ADSs are registered on the books of the depositary or any other person believed by us or it in good faith to be competent to give such advice or information.

In the Deposit Agreement, we and the depositary agree to indemnify each other under certain circumstances.

Requirements for Depositary Actions

Before the depositary will deliver or register a transfer of an ADS, make a distribution on an ADS, or permit withdrawal of shares, the depositary may require:

 

  Ÿ  

payment of stock transfer or other taxes or other governmental charges and transfer or registration fees charged by third parties for the transfer of any shares or other deposited securities;

 

  Ÿ  

satisfactory proof of the identity and genuineness of any signature or other information it deems necessary; and

 

  Ÿ  

compliance with regulations it may establish, from time to time, consistent with the Deposit Agreement, including presentation of transfer documents.

The depositary may refuse to deliver ADSs or register transfers of ADSs generally when the transfer books of the depositary or our transfer books are closed or at any time if the depositary or we think it advisable to do so.

Your Right to Receive the Shares Underlying your ADRs

ADS holders have the right to cancel their ADSs and withdraw the underlying shares at any time except:

 

  Ÿ  

When temporary delays arise because: (i) the depositary has closed its transfer books or we have closed our transfer books; (ii) the transfer of shares is blocked to permit voting at a shareholders’ meeting; or (iii) we are paying a dividend on our shares.

 

  Ÿ  

When you owe money to pay fees, taxes and similar charges.

 

  Ÿ  

When it is necessary to prohibit withdrawals in order to comply with any laws or governmental regulations that apply to ADSs or to the withdrawal of shares or other deposited securities.

This right of withdrawal may not be limited by any other provision of the Deposit Agreement.

Pre-release of ADSs

The Deposit Agreement permits the depositary to deliver ADSs before deposit of the underlying shares. This is called a pre-release of the ADSs. The depositary may also deliver shares upon cancellation of pre-released

 

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ADSs (even if the ADSs are canceled before the pre-release transaction has been closed out). A pre-release is closed out as soon as the underlying shares are delivered to the depositary. The depositary may receive ADSs instead of shares to close out a pre-release. The depositary may pre-release ADSs only under the following conditions: (1) before or at the time of the pre-release, the person to whom the pre-release is being made represents to the depositary in writing that it or its customer (i) owns the shares or ADSs to be deposited; (2) the pre-release is fully collateralized with cash or other collateral that the depositary considers appropriate; and (3) the depositary must be able to close out the pre-release on not more than five business days’ notice. In addition, the depositary will limit the number of ADSs that may be outstanding at any time as a result of pre-release, although the depositary may disregard the limit from time to time, if it thinks it is appropriate to do so.

Direct Registration System

In the Deposit Agreement, all parties to the Deposit Agreement acknowledge that the DRS and Profile Modification System, or Profile, will apply to uncertificated ADSs upon acceptance thereof to DRS by DTC. DRS is the system administered by DTC pursuant to which the depositary may register the ownership of uncertificated ADSs, which ownership shall be confirmed by periodic statements sent by the depositary to the registered holders of uncertificated ADSs. Profile is a required feature of DRS which allows a DTC participant, claiming to act on behalf of a registered holder of ADSs, to direct the depositary to register a transfer of those ADSs to DTC or its nominee and to deliver those ADSs to the DTC account of that DTC participant without receipt by the depositary of prior authorization from the ADS holder to register that transfer.

In connection with and in accordance with the arrangements and procedures relating to DRS/Profile, the parties to the Deposit Agreement understand that the depositary will not verify, determine or otherwise ascertain that the DTC participant which is claiming to be acting on behalf of an ADS holder in requesting registration of transfer and delivery described in the paragraph above has the actual authority to act on behalf of the ADS holder (notwithstanding any requirements under the Uniform Commercial Code). In the Deposit Agreement, the parties agree that the depositary’s reliance on and compliance with instructions received by the depositary through the DRS/Profile System and in accordance with the Deposit Agreement, shall not constitute negligence or bad faith on the part of the depositary.

Shareholder Communications; Inspection of Register of Holders of ADSs

The depositary will make available for your inspection at its office all communications that it receives from us as a holder of deposited securities that we make generally available to holders of deposited securities. The depositary will send you copies of those communications if we ask it to. You have a right to inspect the register of holders of ADSs, but not for the purpose of contacting those holders about a matter unrelated to our business or the ADSs.

 

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

Upon completion of this offering, we will have outstanding 7,500,000 ADSs representing 15,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, or approximately 14.6% of the combined total of our outstanding Class A and Class B ordinary shares. All of the ADSs sold in this offering will be freely transferable by persons other than our “affiliates” without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act. Sales of substantial amounts of our ADSs in the public market could adversely affect prevailing market prices of our ADSs.

Lock-Up Agreements

We have agreed that for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, without the prior written consent of the representatives, we will not, (i) offer, sell, issue, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of our ordinary shares or ADSs, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any of our ordinary shares or ADSs, or the Lock-Up Securities, (ii) offer, sell, issue, contract to sell, contract to purchase or grant any option, right or warrant to purchase the Lock-Up Securities, (iii) enter into any swap, hedge or any other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic consequences of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities, (iv) establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position in the Lock-Up Securities within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act, or (v) file with the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to the Lock-Up Securities, or publicly disclose the intention to take any such action. The foregoing restrictions do not apply to (A) the issuance of the Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs to be sold in this offering and the sale of such ADSs; (B) the grant of employee stock options or restricted share units pursuant to the terms of our 2008 Share Incentive Plan; or (C) the issuance of ordinary shares upon the vesting of restricted share units outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that either (1) during the last 17 days of the 180-day lock-up period, we release earnings results or material news or a material event relating to us occurs or (2) prior to the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period, we announce that we will release earnings results or become aware that material news or a material event will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day lock-up period, then in either case the 180-day lock-up period will be extended until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the date of the release of the earnings results or the occurrence of the material news or event, as applicable, unless the representatives waive, in writing, such an extension.

Each of our directors, officers and existing shareholders have agreed that, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, without the prior written consent of the representatives, it will not, (i) offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of any Lock-Up Securities, or enter into a transaction which would have the same effect, or (ii) enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities, whether any such transaction described in (i) or (ii) is to be settled by delivery of the ordinary shares, ADSs or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, or (iii) publicly disclose the intention to make any such offer, sale, contract to sell, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any such transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangement, or (iv) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any Lock-Up Securities. The foregoing restricting shall not apply to the ADSs to be sold by Sohu.com (Game) Limited in this offering. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that either (1) during the last 17 days of the 180-day lock-up period, we release earnings results or material news or a material event relating to us occurs or (2) prior to the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period, we announce that we will release earnings results or become aware that material news or a material event will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day lock-up period, then in either case the 180-day lock-up period will be extended until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the date of the release of the earnings results or the occurrence of the material news or event, as applicable, unless the representatives waive, in writing, such an extension.

The representatives have no present intent or understandings, tacit or explicit, to release these restrictions before the expiration of such 180-day lock-up period. Any release by the representatives of any lock-up agreement is considered on a case by case basis. Factors the representatives may consider in determining

 

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whether to release securities subject to a lock-up agreement include, but are not limited to, the length of time before the lock-up agreement expires, the number of securities involved, the reasons for the requested release, market conditions, the trading price of our ADSs, historical trading volumes of our ADSs and whether the person seeking the release is our officer, director or other affiliate.

Rule 144

In general, under Rule 144, a person or entity that has beneficially owned our ordinary shares, in the form of ADSs or otherwise, for at least six months and is not our “affiliate” will be entitled to sell our ordinary shares, including ADSs, subject only to the availability of current public information about us, and will be entitled to sell shares held for at least one year without restriction. A person or entity that is our “affiliate” (for so long as we are controlled by Sohu, our “affiliates” will include Sohu and its subsidiaries which it controls, and our directors and executive officers) and has beneficially owned our ordinary shares for at least six months, will be able to sell, within a rolling three month period, the number of ordinary shares that does not exceed the greater of the following:

 

  (i)   1% of the then outstanding ordinary shares, in the form of ADSs or otherwise, which will equal approximately 1,025,000 ordinary shares immediately after this offering; and

 

  (ii)   the average weekly trading volume of our ordinary shares, in the form of ADSs or otherwise, on the NASDAQ Global Select Market during the four calendar weeks preceding the date on which notice of the sale is filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Sales by affiliates under Rule 144 must be made through unsolicited brokers’ transactions. They are also subject to manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about us.

 

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TAXATION

The following summary of the material Cayman Islands, PRC and United States federal income tax consequences of an investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares is based upon laws and relevant interpretations thereof in effect as of the date of this prospectus, all of which are subject to change. This summary does not discuss all possible tax consequences relating to an investment in our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, such as the tax consequences under United States state, local and other tax laws. Based on the facts and subject to the limitations set forth herein, the statements of law and legal conclusions under the caption “—United States Federal Income Taxation” constitute the opinion of Goulston & Storrs, P.C., our United States counsel, as to material United States federal income tax consequences of an investment in the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.

Cayman Islands Taxation

The Cayman Islands currently levies no taxes on individuals or corporations based upon profits, income, gains or appreciation and there is no taxation in the nature of inheritance tax or estate duty. There are no other taxes likely to be material to us levied by the Government of the Cayman Islands except for stamp duties which may be applicable on instruments executed in, or brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands. The Cayman Islands is not party to any double tax treaties. There are no exchange control regulations or currency restrictions in the Cayman Islands.

PRC Taxation

PRC taxation of us and our corporate group

We are a holding company incorporated in the Cayman Islands, which indirectly holds, through Changyou.com HK Limited, or Changyou HK, our equity interest in AmazGame, our subsidiary in the PRC. Our business operations are principally conducted through AmazGame and Gamease, our VIE controlled by AmazGame. The New CIT Law and its implementation rules, both of which became effective on January 1, 2008, provide that China-sourced income of foreign enterprises, such as dividends paid by a PRC subsidiary to its overseas parent, will normally be subject to PRC withholding tax at a rate of 10%, unless there are applicable treaties that reduce such rate. Under a special arrangement between China and Hong Kong, such dividend withholding tax rate is reduced to 5% if a Hong Kong resident enterprise owns over 25% of the PRC company distributing the dividends. As Changyou HK is a Hong Kong company and owns 100% of AmazGame, under the aforesaid arrangement, any dividends that AmazGame pays Changyou HK will likely be subject to a withholding tax at the rate of 5% if Changyou HK and we are not considered to be PRC tax resident enterprises as described below.

Under the New CIT Law, enterprises established under the laws of jurisdictions outside China with their “de facto management bodies” located within China may be considered to be PRC tax resident enterprises for tax purposes. A substantial majority of the members of our management team as well as the management team of Changyou HK are located in China. If we or Changyou HK is considered as a PRC tax resident enterprise under the above definition, then our global income will be subject to PRC enterprise income tax at the rate of 25%.

PRC taxation of our overseas shareholders

The implementation rules of the New CIT Law provide that, (i) if the enterprise that distributes dividends is domiciled in the PRC, or (ii) if gains are realized from transferring equity interests of enterprises domiciled in the PRC, then such dividends or capital gains are treated as China-sourced income. It is not clear how “domicile” may be interpreted under the New CIT Law, and it may be interpreted as the jurisdiction where the enterprise is a tax resident. Therefore, if we and Changyou HK are considered as a PRC tax resident enterprise for tax purposes, any dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders or ADS holders as well as gains realized by such shareholders or ADS holders from the transfer of our shares or ADSs may be regarded as

 

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China-sourced income and as a result become subject to PRC withholding tax at the rate up to 10%. See “Risk Factors—There are significant uncertainties under the new corporate income tax law of the PRC, or the New CIT Law, which became effective on January 1, 2008, regarding our PRC enterprise income tax liabilities, such as tax on dividends paid to us by our PRC subsidiary. The New CIT Law also contains uncertainties regarding possible PRC withholding tax on dividends we pay to our overseas shareholders and gains realized from the transfer of our shares by our overseas shareholders.”

United States Federal Income Taxation

The following is a general summary of the material United States federal income tax considerations related to the purchase, ownership and disposition of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares by U.S. Holders (as defined below). This summary applies only to U.S. Holders that hold the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares as capital assets and that have the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. This discussion is based on the tax laws of the United States as in effect on the date of this prospectus and on United States Treasury regulations in effect or, in some cases, proposed, as of the date of this prospectus, as well as judicial and administrative interpretations thereof available on or before such date. All of the foregoing authorities are subject to change, which change could apply retroactively and could affect the tax consequences described below.

The following discussion does not describe all of the tax consequences that may be relevant to any particular investor or to persons in special tax situations such as:

 

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certain financial institutions;

 

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insurance companies;

 

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broker dealers;

 

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traders that elect to mark to market;

 

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tax-exempt entities;

 

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persons liable for alternative minimum tax;

 

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persons holding an ADS or ordinary share as part of a straddle, hedging, conversion or integrated transaction;

 

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persons that actually or constructively own 10% or more of our voting shares; or

 

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persons holding ADSs or ordinary shares through partnerships or other pass-through entities.

U.S. Holders are urged to consult their tax advisors about the application of the United States federal tax rules to their particular circumstances as well as the state, local and foreign tax consequences to them of the purchase, ownership and disposition of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.

The discussion below of the United States federal income tax consequences to “U.S. Holders” will apply if you are the beneficial owner of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares and you are, for United States federal income tax purposes,

 

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a citizen or individual resident of the United States;

 

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a corporation (or other entity taxable as a corporation for United States federal income tax purposes) organized under the laws of the United States, any state or the District of Columbia;

 

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an estate whose income is subject to United States federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

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a trust that (1) is subject to the supervision of a court within the United States and the control of one or more United States persons or (2) has a valid election in effect under applicable United States Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

 

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If you are a partner in a partnership or other entity taxable as a partnership that holds ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, your tax treatment depends on your status and the activities of the partnership.

The discussion below assumes that the representations contained in the Deposit Agreement are true and that the obligations in the Deposit Agreement and any related agreement will be complied with in accordance with their terms. If you hold ADSs, you will be treated as the holder of the underlying ordinary shares represented by those ADSs for United States federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, deposits or withdrawals of ordinary shares for ADSs will not be subject to United States federal income tax.

The U.S. Treasury has expressed concerns that parties to whom American depositary shares are pre-released may be taking actions that are inconsistent with the claiming, by U.S. holders of American depositary shares, of foreign tax credits for United States federal income tax purposes. Such actions would also be inconsistent with the claiming of the reduced rate of tax applicable to dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders, as described below. Accordingly, the availability of foreign tax credits or the reduced tax rate for dividends received by certain non-corporate U.S. holders could be affected by future actions that may be taken by parties to whom ADSs are pre-released.

Taxation of Dividends and Other Distributions on the ADSs or Ordinary Shares

Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, the gross amount of our distributions to you with respect to the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares including any amount withheld in respect of PRC taxes generally will be included in your gross income as foreign source dividend income on the date of receipt by the depositary, in the case of ADSs, or by you, in the case of Class A ordinary shares, but only to the extent that the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits (as determined under United States federal income tax principles). To the extent, if any, that the amount of any such distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits, it will be treated first as a tax-free return of your tax basis in the ADSs or the Class A ordinary shares (thereby increasing the amount of any gain or decreasing the amount of any loss realized on the subsequent sale or disposition of such ADSs or Class A ordinary shares) and thereafter as capital gain. However, we do not intend to calculate our earnings and profits under United States federal income tax principles. Therefore, a U.S. holder should expect that a distribution generally will be reported as a dividend even if that distribution would otherwise be treated as a non-taxable return of capital or as capital gain under the rules described above. The dividends will not be eligible for the dividends-received deduction allowed to corporations in respect of dividends received from other United States corporations.

With respect to certain non-corporate U.S. holders including individual U.S. holders, for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2011, dividends may be taxed at a capital gains rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” provided that (1) the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares are readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States, (2) we are not treated as a passive foreign investment company with respect to the U.S. holder (as discussed below) for our taxable year in which the dividend was paid and we were not a passive foreign investment company in the preceding taxable year, and (3) certain holding period requirements are met. Under Internal Revenue Service authority, common or Class A ordinary shares, or ADSs representing such shares, will be considered for the purpose of clause (1) above to be readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States if they are listed on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, as our ADSs will be effective on the date of this prospectus. You should consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of the lower rate for dividends paid with respect to our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. For foreign tax credit purposes, dividends paid on our common shares will generally constitute “passive category income” but could, in the case of certain U.S. holders, constitute “general category income.”

If PRC withholding taxes apply to dividends paid to you with respect to our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, subject to certain conditions and limitations, and subject to the discussion above regarding concerns expressed by the U.S. Treasury, such PRC withholding taxes will be treated as foreign taxes eligible for credit against your United States federal income tax liability. The rules governing foreign tax credits are complex and,

 

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therefore, you should consult your tax advisors regarding the availability of a foreign tax credit in your particular circumstances.

Taxation of Disposition of Shares

Subject to the passive foreign investment company rules discussed below, you will recognize taxable gain or loss on any sale, exchange or other taxable disposition of an ADS or ordinary share equal to the difference between the amount realized for the ADS or ordinary share and your tax basis in the ADS or ordinary share. The gain or loss will be capital gain or loss. If you are a non-corporate U.S. Holder, including an individual U.S. holder, who has held the ADS or ordinary share for more than one year, you will be eligible for reduced tax rates. The deductibility of capital losses is subject to limitations. Any such gain or loss that you recognize will be treated as United States source income (or loss, in the case of losses, subject to certain limitations).

As described above under “Taxation—PRC Taxation,” any gain from the disposition of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares may be subject to PRC withholding tax. In such event, a U.S. Holder that is eligible for the benefits of the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC may elect to treat the gain as PRC source income for foreign tax credit purposes. You should consult your tax advisor regarding your eligibility for benefits under the income tax treaty between the United States and the PRC and your ability to credit any PRC tax withheld in respect of a sale of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares against your United States federal income tax liability.

Passive Foreign Investment Company

We expect that we will not be treated as a passive foreign investment company (“PFIC”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes for our current taxable year ended December 31, 2009. Our expectation is based on our current and anticipated operations and composition of our earnings and assets for the 2009 taxable year, including the current and expected valuation of our assets (including goodwill) based on the expected price of our ADSs in the offering. However, because we currently hold, and expect to continue to hold following this offering, a substantial amount of cash and the value of our other assets may be based in part on the market price of our ADSs, which is likely to fluctuate after this offering (and may fluctuate considerably given that market prices of Internet and online game companies historically have been especially volatile), our PFIC status may depend in large part on the market price of our ADS. Accordingly, fluctuations in the market price of the ADSs may result in our being a PFIC for any taxable year. In addition, the composition of our income and assets will be affected by how, and how quickly, we spend the cash we raise in any offering. Furthermore, it is not entirely clear how the contractual arrangements between us and our consolidated variable interest entity will be treated for purposes of the PFIC rules. Also our actual PFIC status for any taxable year will depend upon the character of our income and assets and the value of our assets for such year, which will not be determinable until after the close of the taxable year. Accordingly, there is no guarantee that we will not be a PFIC for any taxable year. Because PFIC status is a factual determination for each taxable year which cannot be made until the close of the taxable year, Goulston & Storrs, P.C., our special U.S. counsel, expresses no opinion with respect to our PFIC status for any taxable year.

A non-U.S. corporation is considered a PFIC for any taxable year if either:

 

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at least 75% of its gross income is passive income (the “income test”), or

 

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at least 50% of the value of its assets (based on an average of the quarterly values of the assets during a taxable year) is attributable to assets that produce or are held for the production of passive income (the “asset test”).

 

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We will be treated as owning our proportionate share of the assets and earning our proportionate share of the income of any other corporation in which we own, directly or indirectly, at least 25% (by value) of the shares.

We must make a separate determination each year as to whether we are a PFIC. As a result, our PFIC status may change.

If we are a PFIC for any taxable year during which you hold ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, you will be subject to special tax rules with respect to any “excess distribution” that you receive and any gain you realize from a sale or other disposition (including a pledge) of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, unless you make a “mark-to-market” election as discussed below. For purpose of these special rules, if we are a PFIC for any year during which you hold ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, we will continue to be treated as a PFIC with respect to you for all succeeding years during which you hold ADS or Class A ordinary shares. Under certain attribution rules, if we are a PFIC, you will be deemed to own your proportionate share of any subsidiaries or other entities which are PFICs in which we hold (directly or indirectly through other PFICs) an equity interest (“subsidiary PFICs”), and will generally be treated for purposes of the PFIC rules as if you directly held the shares of such subsidiary PFICs.

Under these special rules, distributions you receive in a taxable year that are greater than 125% of the average annual distributions you received during the shorter of the three preceding taxable years or your holding period for the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will be treated as an excess distribution. Under these special tax rules:

 

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the excess distribution or gain will be allocated ratably over your holding period for the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares,

 

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the amount allocated to the current taxable year, and any taxable year prior to the first taxable year in which we became a PFIC, will be treated as ordinary income, and

 

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the amount allocated to each other taxable year will be subject to the highest tax rate in effect for that taxable year and the interest charge generally applicable to underpayments of tax will be imposed on the resulting tax attributable to each such taxable year.

The tax liability for amounts allocated to years prior to the year of disposition or “excess distribution” cannot be offset by any net operating losses for such years, and gains (but not losses) realized on the sale of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares cannot be treated as capital, even if you hold the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares as capital assets. You will be subject to the same United States federal income tax rules as described above on indirect or constructive distributions you are deemed to receive on shares of a subsidiary PFIC and on indirect or constructive dispositions of shares of subsidiary PFICs.

Alternatively, a U.S. holder of “marketable stock” (as defined below) in a PFIC may make a mark-to-market election for such stock of a PFIC to elect out of the tax treatment discussed in the two preceding paragraphs. A mark-to-market election will not be available, however, with respect to any subsidiary PFICs. If you make a mark-to-market election for the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, you will include in income each year an amount equal to the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares as of the close of your taxable year over your adjusted basis in such ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. You will be allowed a deduction for the excess, if any, of the adjusted basis of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares over their fair market value as of the close of the taxable year. However, deductions are allowable only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains on the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares included in your income for prior taxable years. Amounts included in your income under a mark-to-market election, as well as gain on the actual sale or other disposition of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, will be treated as ordinary income. Ordinary loss treatment will also apply to the deductible portion of any mark-to-market loss on the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, as well as to any loss realized on the actual sale or disposition of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, to

 

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the extent that the amount of such loss does not exceed the net mark-to-market gains previously included for such ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. Your basis in the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares will be adjusted to reflect any such income or loss amounts. If you make a mark-to-market election, tax rules that apply to distributions by corporations which are not PFICs would apply to distributions by us (except that the lower applicable capital gains rate would not apply). The basis adjustment and income or loss inclusion described here under this alternate mark-to-market regime will only apply during years in which we are a PFIC.

The mark-to-market election will only be available for “marketable stock” which is stock that is traded in more than de minimis quantities on at least 15 days during each calendar quarter on a qualified exchange or other market, as defined in applicable Treasury regulations. We expect that the ADSs will continue to be listed and regularly traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market, which is a qualified exchange for these purposes, and, consequently, if you are a holder of ADSs, it is expected that the mark-to-market election would be available to you were we to become a PFIC.

A third alternative taxation regime which may be available to some U.S. investors in PFICs, known as the “qualified electing fund” (QEF) treatment, will not be available to U.S. Holders of our ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. This is because QEF treatment requires the PFIC to supply annually certain information to U.S. holders of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares, and we will not be supplying such information.

If you hold ADSs or Class A ordinary shares in any year in which we are a PFIC, you will be required to file Internal Revenue Service Form 8621 regarding distributions received on the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares and any gain realized on the disposition of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares. In addition, if we are a PFIC for a taxable year in which we pay a dividend, or for the prior taxable year, the lower applicable capital gains rate discussed above with respect to dividends paid to certain non-corporate U.S. holders would not apply.

You are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the application of the PFIC rules to your investment in ADSs or Class A ordinary shares.

Information Reporting and Backup Withholding

Dividend payments with respect to ADSs or Class A ordinary shares and proceeds from the sale, exchange or redemption of ADSs or Class A ordinary shares may be subject to information reporting to the Internal Revenue Service and possible United States backup withholding at a current rate of 28%. Backup withholding will not apply, however, to a U.S. Holder who furnishes a correct taxpayer identification number and makes any other required certification or who is otherwise exempt from backup withholding. U.S. Holders who are required to establish their exempt status must provide such certification on Internal Revenue Service Form W-9. U.S. Holders should consult their tax advisors regarding the application of the United States information reporting and backup withholding rules.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Amounts withheld as backup withholding may be credited against your United States federal income tax liability, and you may obtain a refund of any excess amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules by filing the appropriate claim for refund with the Internal Revenue Service and furnishing any required information.

 

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UNDERWRITING

Under the terms and subject to the conditions contained in an underwriting agreement dated             , 2009, the underwriters named below, for whom Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC and Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated are acting as representatives, have severally agreed to purchase, and we and the selling shareholder, Sohu.com (Game) Limited, have agreed to sell to them, the number of ADSs indicated in the table below.

 

     

Underwriters

   Number of
ADSs

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC

  

Credit Suisse (Hong Kong) Limited

  

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

Incorporated

  

Merrill Lynch Far East Limited

  

Citigroup Global Markets Inc.

  

Citigroup Global Markets Limited

  

Susquehanna Financial Group, LLLP

  
      

Total

   7,500,000
      

Of the ADSs listed in the above table, 3,750,000 ADSs are offered by us and 3,750,000 ADSs are offered by the selling shareholder.

The underwriters are offering the ADSs subject to their acceptance of the ADSs from us and the selling shareholder and subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the ADSs offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may be increased or the offering may be terminated. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the ADSs offered by this prospectus if any such ADSs are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the ADSs covered by the underwriters’ over-allotment option described below.

The representatives have advised us that the underwriters propose initially to offer the ADSs to the public at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $              per ADS. No further discount will be allowed to dealers or re-allowed by dealers to other dealers. After the initial public offering, the public offering price, concession and discount may be changed.

Sohu.com (Game) Limited, the selling shareholder, has granted to the underwriters an option to purchase up to 1,125,000 additional ADSs at the initial public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option within 30 days from the date of this prospectus solely to cover over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the ADSs offered by this prospectus. If the underwriters exercise this over-allotment option, each will be obligated, subject to certain conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, to purchase the same percentage of the additional ADSs as the number listed next to the underwriter’s name in the above table bears to the total number of ADSs listed in the above table.

The following table shows the per ADS and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by us and the selling shareholder in connection with this offering, assuming both no exercise or full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. The underwriting discounts and commissions were determined by negotiations among us, the selling shareholder and the representatives and are a percentage of the offering price to the public. Among the factors considered in determining the discounts and commissions were the size of the

 

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offering, the nature of the security to be offered and the discounts and commissions charged in comparable transactions.

 

Underwriting Discounts and Commissions

   No Exercise    Full Exercise

Per ADS

   $                 $             

Total by the Company

   $      $  

Total by the selling shareholder

   $      $  

We have agreed to pay all fees and expenses incurred by us in connection with this offering, and the selling shareholder has agreed to pay certain costs and expenses incidental to the performance of the selling shareholder’s obligations under the underwriting agreement. The representatives have agreed to pay for the expenses, up to $200,000, that we may incur in connection with non-deal road shows that we may conduct in the future.

We and the selling shareholder have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

We have agreed that for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, without the prior written consent of the representatives, we will not, (i) offer, sell, issue, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of our ordinary shares or ADSs, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any of our ordinary shares or ADSs, or the Lock-Up Securities, (ii) offer, sell, issue, contract to sell, contract to purchase or grant any option, right or warrant to purchase the Lock-Up Securities, (iii) enter into any swap, hedge or any other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic consequences of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities, (iv) establish or increase a put equivalent position or liquidate or decrease a call equivalent position in the Lock-Up Securities within the meaning of Section 16 of the Exchange Act, or (v) file with the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to the Lock-Up Securities, or publicly disclose the intention to take any such action. The foregoing restrictions do not apply to (A) the issuance of the Class A ordinary shares represented by the ADSs to be sold in this offering and the sale of such ADSs; (B) the grant of employee stock options or restricted share units pursuant to the terms of our 2008 Share Incentive Plan; or (C) the issuance of ordinary shares upon the vesting of restricted share units outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that either (1) during the last 17 days of the 180-day lock-up period, we release earnings results or material news or a material event relating to us occurs or (2) prior to the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period, we announce that we will release earnings results or become aware that material news or a material event will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day lock-up period, then in either case the 180-day lock-up period will be extended until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the date of the release of the earnings results or the occurrence of the material news or event, as applicable, unless the representatives waive, in writing, such an extension.

Each of our directors, officers and existing shareholders have agreed that, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, without the prior written consent of the representatives, it will not, (i) offer, sell, contract to sell, pledge or otherwise dispose of any Lock-Up Securities, or enter into a transaction which would have the same effect, or (ii) enter into any swap, hedge or other arrangement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Lock-Up Securities, whether any such transaction described in (i) or (ii) is to be settled by delivery of the ordinary shares, ADSs or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, or (iii) publicly disclose the intention to make any such offer, sale, contract to sell, pledge or disposition, or to enter into any such transaction, swap, hedge or other arrangement, or (iv) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to, the registration of any Lock-Up Securities. The foregoing restricting shall not apply to the ADSs to be sold by Sohu.com (Game) Limited in this offering. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that either (1) during the last 17 days of the 180-day lock-up period, we release earnings results or material news or a material event relating to us occurs or (2) prior to the expiration of the 180-day lock-up period, we announce that we will release earnings results or become aware that material news or a material event

 

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will occur during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day lock-up period, then in either case the 180-day lock-up period will be extended until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the date of the release of the earnings results or the occurrence of the material news or event, as applicable, unless the representatives waive, in writing, such an extension.

The representatives have no present intent or understandings, tacit or explicit, to release these restrictions before the expiration of such 180-day lock-up period.

We have applied to list our ADSs on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “CYOU.”

Before this offering, there has been no public market for our ordinary shares or ADSs. The initial public offering price was determined through negotiations among Sohu, us and the representatives. In addition to prevailing market conditions, the factors considered in determining the initial public offering price were:

 

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the valuation multiples of publicly traded companies that the representatives believe to be comparable to us;

 

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our financial information;

 

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the history of, and the prospects for, our company and the industry in which we operate;

 

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an assessment of our management, its past and present operations, and the prospects for, and timing of, our future revenues; and

 

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the present state of our development.

An active trading market for the ADSs may not develop. It is also possible that after the offering the ADSs will not trade in the public market at or above the initial public offering price.

The underwriters have informed us that they do not expect to sell in the aggregate more than 5% of the offered ADSs to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority.

Until the distribution of the ADSs is completed, SEC rules may limit underwriters and selling group members from bidding for and purchasing our ADSs. However, the representatives, or any person acting for them, on behalf of the underwriters, may engage in transactions that stabilize the price of the ADSs, such as bids or purchases to peg, fix or maintain that price.

In connection with the offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell our ADSs in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, purchases on the open market to cover positions created by short sales and stabilizing transactions. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of ADSs than they are required to purchase in the offering. “Covered” short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ option to purchase additional ADSs in the offering. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their over-allotment option or purchasing ADSs in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of ADSs available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase ADSs through the over-allotment option. “Naked” short sales are sales in excess of the over-allotment option. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing ADSs in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of our ADSs in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of ADSs made by the underwriters in the open market prior to the completion of the offering.

The underwriters may also impose a penalty bid. This occurs when a particular underwriter repays to the underwriters a portion of the underwriting discounts received by it because the representatives have repurchased ADSs sold by or for the account of such underwriter in stabilizing or short covering transactions.

 

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Similar to other purchase transactions, the underwriters’ purchases to cover the syndicate short sales may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our ADSs or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our ADSs. As a result, the price of our ADSs may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market.

Neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of the ADSs. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation that the representatives will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

In connection with the offering, certain of the underwriters or securities dealers may distribute prospectuses by electronic means, such as e-mail. In addition, the representatives will be facilitating Internet distribution for this offering to certain of their respective Internet subscription customers. An electronic prospectus may be made available on the Internet web site maintained by one or more of the representatives. Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information contained on, or that may be accessed through, the web site of any of the representatives is not part of this prospectus.

Credit Suisse Securities (USA) LLC’s address is Eleven Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10010-3629, U.S.A.; Credit Suisse (Hong Kong) Limited’s address is 45th Floor, Two Exchange Square, 8 Connaught Place, Central, Hong Kong; Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated’s address is 4 World Financial Center, 250 Vesey Street, New York, New York 10080, U.S.A.; Merrill Lynch Far East Limited’s address is 15th Floor, Citibank Tower, 3 Garden Road, Central, Hong Kong; Citigroup Global Markets Inc.’s address is 388 Greenwich Street, New York, New York 10013, U.S.A.; Citigroup Global Markets Limited’s address is Citigroup Centre, 33 Canada Square, Canary Wharf, London E14 5LB, United Kingdom; Susquehanna Financial Group, LLLP’s address is 401 City Avenue, Suite 220, Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania 19004, U.S.A.

Selling Restrictions

No action may be taken in any jurisdiction other than the United States that would permit a public offering of the ADSs. This prospectus does not constitute an offer of, or an invitation by or on behalf of, us or the underwriters, to subscribe for or purchase any of the ADSs in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such an offer or solicitation in that jurisdiction. The distribution of this prospectus and the offering of the ADSs in certain jurisdictions may be restricted by law, and we and the underwriters require persons into whose possession this prospectus comes to observe such restrictions.

Cayman Islands

No invitation whether directly or indirectly may be made to the public in the Cayman Islands to subscribe for the ADSs.

European Economic Area

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a “Relevant Member State”) an offer to the public of any ADSs which are the subject of this offering may not be made in that Relevant Member State except that an offer to the public in the Relevant Member State of any ADSs may be made at any time under the following exemptions under the Prospectus Directive, if they have been implemented in that Relevant Member State:

(a) to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;

 

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(b) to any legal entity which has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than EUR43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more than EUR50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts;

(c) by the underwriters to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive) subject to obtaining the prior consent of the underwriters for any such offer; or

(d) in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any ADSs in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any ADSs to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase the ADSs, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Member State and the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.

Hong Kong

This prospectus has not been offered and will not be offered other than to persons whose ordinary business is to buy or sell shares or debentures, whether as principal or agent, or in circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap.32) of Hong Kong; and the underwriters have not issued and will not issue any advertisement, invitation or document relating to the ADSs, whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere, which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the securities laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to the ADSs which are or are intended to be disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571) of Hong Kong and any rules made thereunder.

Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

This prospectus may not be distributed in Saudi Arabia or to any national of Saudi Arabia except in strict compliance with part 5 exempt offers Article 17 of the Offers of Securities Regulations enacted under the laws of Saudi Arabia.

People’s Republic of China

This prospectus has not been and will not be circulated or distributed in the PRC, and ADSs may not be offered or sold, and will not be offered or sold to any person for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, to any resident of the PRC except pursuant to applicable laws and regulations of the PRC.

Singapore

This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of the ADSs may not be circulated or distributed, nor may the ADSs be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (i) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore (the “SFA”), (ii) to a relevant person, or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions, specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (iii) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA.

 

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Where the ADSs are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 by a relevant person which is:

(a) a corporation (which is not an accredited investor) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or

(b) a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary is an accredited investor,

shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest in that trust shall not be transferable for six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired the ADSs under Section 275 except:

(1) to an institutional investor or to a relevant person, or to any person pursuant to an offer that is made on terms that such rights or interest are acquired at a consideration of not less than $200,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) for each transaction, whether such amount is to be paid for in cash or by exchange of securities or other assets;

(2) where no consideration is given for the transfer; or

(3) by operation of law.

State of Kuwait

Unless all of the approvals and licenses which are required pursuant to Law No. 31/1990 are obtained from the Kuwait Ministry of Commerce and Industry, no ADSs may be marketed, offered for sale or sold in Kuwait, either directly or indirectly.

United Arab Emirates

This prospectus is not intended to constitute an offer, sale or delivery of shares or other securities under the laws of the United Arab Emirates, or the UAE. The ADSs have not been and will not be registered under Federal Law No. 4 of 2000 Concerning the Emirates Securities and Commodities Authority and the Emirates Security and Commodity Exchange, or with the UAE Central Bank, the Dubai Financial Market, the Abu Dhabi Securities Market or with any other UAE exchange.

The offering, the ADSs and interests therein have not been approved or licensed by the UAE Central Bank or any other relevant licensing authorities in the UAE, and do not constitute a public offer of securities in the UAE in accordance with the Commercial Companies Law, Federal Law No. 8 of 1984 (as amended) or otherwise.

In relation to its use in the UAE, this prospectus is strictly private and confidential and is being distributed to a limited number of investors and must not be provided to any person other than the original recipient, and may not be reproduced or used for any other purpose. The interests in the ADSs may not be offered or sold directly or indirectly to the public in the UAE.

United Kingdom

Each of the underwriters severally represents, warrants and agrees as follows: (1) it has only communicated or caused to be communicated and will only communicate or cause to be communicated an invitation or inducement to engage in investment activity (within the meaning of Section 21 of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000, or the FSMA), received by it in connection with the issue or sale of the ADSs in circumstances in which Section 21(1) of FSMA does not apply; and (2) it has complied and will comply with all applicable provisions of the FSMA with respect to anything done by it in relation to the ADSs in, from or otherwise involving the United Kingdom.

 

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EXPENSES RELATING TO THIS OFFERING

Set forth below is an itemization of the total expenses, excluding underwriting discounts and commissions, that are expected to be incurred in connection with the offer and sale of the ADSs. With the exception of the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, filing fee and the NASDAQ Global Select Market listing fee, all amounts are estimates.

 

Securities and Exchange Commission Registration Fee

   $ 7,701

FINRA Filing Fee

   $ 14,300

NASDAQ Global Select Market Listing Fee

   $ 105,000

Printing Expenses

   $ 400,000

Legal Fees and Expenses

   $ 1,300,000

Accounting Fees and Expenses

   $ 900,000

Miscellaneous

   $ 1,300,000
      

Total

   $ 4,027,001
      

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

The validity of the ADSs and certain other legal matters as to United States federal and New York law in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Goulston & Storrs, P.C. Certain legal matters as to United States federal and New York law in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Davis Polk & Wardwell. The validity of the ordinary shares represented by the ADSs offered in this offering and certain other legal matters as to Cayman Islands law will be passed upon for us by Campbells, our counsel as to Cayman Islands law. Legal matters as to Chinese law will be passed upon for us by Commerce & Finance Law Offices and for the underwriters by King & Wood.

EXPERTS

Our consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 and for each of the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, included in this prospectus, have been so included in reliance on the report of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company, an independent registered public accounting firm, given on the authority as experts in auditing and accounting. The offices of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company are located at 26th Floor, Office Tower A, Beijing Fortune Plaza, 7 Dongsanhuan Zhong Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020, PRC.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

We have filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, a registration statement on Form F-1 (Registration No. 333-            ), including relevant exhibits and securities under the Securities Act with respect to underlying ordinary shares represented by the ADSs, to be sold in this offering. A related registration statement on F-6 (Registration No. 333-            ) has been filed with the SEC to register the ADSs. This prospectus, which constitutes a part of the registration statement, does not contain all of the information contained in the registration statement. You should read the registration statement and its exhibits and schedules for further information with respect to us and our ADSs.

We are subject to periodic reporting and other informational requirements of the Exchange Act as applicable to foreign private issuers. Accordingly, we will be required to file reports, including annual reports on Form 20-F, and other information with the SEC. As a foreign private issuer, we are exempt from the rules of the Exchange Act prescribing the furnishing and content of proxy statements to shareholders, and our executive officers, directors and principal shareholders are exempt from the reporting and short-selling profit-recovery provisions contained in Section 16 of the Exchange Act. All information filed with the SEC can be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You can request copies of these documents upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. Additional information may also be obtained over the Internet at the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.

 

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INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   F-2

Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   F-3

Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive (Loss) Income for the Years Ended December  31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   F-4

Consolidated Statements of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity (Deficit) for the Years Ended December  31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   F-5

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   F-6

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for the Years Ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   F-7

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of Changyou.com Limited

In our opinion, the accompanying consolidated balance sheets and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive (loss) income, shareholders’ equity (deficit) and cash flows present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Changyou.com Limited (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries at December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits of these statements in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company

Beijing, People’s Republic of China

February 13, 2009, except Notes 1c (iii) and 18b and c to which the date is March 17, 2009.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

(In thousands, except par value)

 

     As of December 31,  
         2006             2007             2008             2008 Pro Forma      
                       Unaudited  
     US$     US$     US$     US$  

Assets

        

Current assets:

        

Cash and bank deposits

   1,547     15,419     134,439     134,439  

Accounts receivable

   11     93     1,019     1,019  

Prepaid and other current assets

   17     39     22,187     22,187  

Due from Sohu

   —       8,835     8,535     8,535  
                        

Total current assets

   1,575     24,386     166,180     166,180  
                        

Non-current assets:

        

Investment in an associate

   1,296     —       —       —    

Fixed assets, net

   920     5,061     9,260     9,260  

Intangible assets, net

   1     87     57     57  

Other assets, net

   158     592     1,159     1,159  
                        

Total assets

   3,950     30,126     176,656     176,656  
                        

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

        

Current liabilities:

        

Receipts in advance and deferred revenue

   1,036     8,173     20,703     20,703  

Accrued liabilities

   737     3,974     22,834     22,834  

Tax payables

   175     1,089     9,163     9,163  

Short-term loan from Sohu

   —       4,950     8,450     8,450  

Due to Sohu

   —       21,682     10,812     10,812  

Dividend payable

   —       —       —       96,800  
                        

Total current liabilities

   1,948     39,868     71,962     168,762  
                        

Commitments and contingencies (Note 16)

        

Shareholders’ equity (deficit):

        

Class A ordinary shares par value $0.01, 200,000 authorized, nil issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   —       —       —       —    

Class B ordinary shares par value $0.01, 97,740 authorized, 95,000 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008

   950     950    

950

 

  950  

Additional paid-in capital (Distribution in excess of additional paid-in capital)

   7,459     (9,436 )   (4,059 )   (4,059 )

Statutory reserves

   —       458     5,748     5,748  

Receivables from shareholders

   —       —       (30 )   (30 )

(Accumulated deficit) Retained earnings

   (6,083 )   (1,242 )   101,454     4,654  

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income

   (324 )   (472 )   631     631  
                        

Total shareholders’ equity (deficit)

   2,002     (9,742 )   104,694     7,894  
                        

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   3,950     30,126     176,656     176,656  
                        

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

     For the Year Ended  
         2006             2007             2008      
     US$     US$     US$  

Revenues

      

Game operations revenues

   8,525     41,751     194,607  

Overseas licensing revenues

   —       345     7,238  
                  

Total revenues

   8,525     42,096     201,845  

Cost of revenues

      

(including $1,761 in 2006, $949 in 2007, and $nil in 2008 to a related
party)

   3,895     7,317     14,633  
                  

Gross profit

   4,630     34,779     187,212  

Operating expenses:

      

Product development

   1,957     6,738     23,862  

Sales and marketing

   1,798     19,851     38,917  

General and administrative

   876     2,992     9,053  
                  

Total operating expenses

   4,631     29,581     71,832  
                  

Operating (loss) profit

   (1 )   5,198     115,380  

Investment income from an associate

   151     9     —    

Gain on disposal of investment in an associate

   —       561     —    

Interest expense

   —       (61 )   (245 )

Interest income and foreign currency exchange gain

   20     44     1,235  

Other expense

   —       —       (278 )
                  

Income before income tax expense

   170     5,751     116,092  

Income tax expense

   161     452     8,106  
                  

Net income

   9     5,299     107,986  
                  

Other comprehensive (loss) income

      

Foreign currency translation adjustment

   (195 )   (148 )   1,103  

Net income

   9     5,299     107,986  
                  

Comprehensive (loss) income

   (186 )   5,151     109,089  
                  

Basic net income per share

   0.00     0.06     1.14  

Shares used in computing basic net income per share

   95,000     95,000     95,000  

Diluted net income per share

   0.00     0.06     1.14  

Shares used in computing diluted net income per share

   95,000     95,000     95,000  

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY (DEFICIT)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

(In thousands)

 

    Class B
Ordinary shares
  Additional
paid-in

Capital
(Distribution
in excess of
additional
paid-in
capital)
    Receivables
from
shareholders
    Statutory
reserves
  (Accumulated
deficit)
Retained
earnings
    Accumulated
other
comprehensive

(loss) income
    Total
shareholders’

equity
(deficit)
 
    Shares   Amount            
        US$   US$     US$     US$   US$     US$     US$  

Balance as of January 1, 2006

  95,000   950   5,298     —       —     (6,092 )   (129 )   27  

Share-based compensation allocated from Sohu

    —     389     —       —     —       —       389  

Contribution from Sohu

    —     1,772     —       —     —       —       1,772  

Foreign currency translation adjustment

    —     —       —       —     —       (195 )   (195 )

Net income

    —     —       —       —     9     —       9  
                                         

Balance as of December 31, 2006

  95,000   950   7,459     —       —     (6,083 )   (324 )   2,002  
                                         

Share-based compensation allocated from Sohu

    —     443     —       —     —       —       443  

Distribution to Sohu

    —     (17,388 )   —       —     —       —       (17,388 )

Issuance of ordinary shares

    —     50     —       —     —       —       50  

Appropriation to statutory reserves

    —     —       —       458   (458 )   —       —    

Foreign currency translation adjustment

    —     —       —       —     —       (148 )   (148 )

Net income

    —     —       —       —     5,299     —       5,299  
                                         

Balance as of December 31, 2007

  95,000   950   (9,436 )   —       458   (1,242 )   (472 )   (9,742 )
                                         

Due from shareholder for issuance of ordinary shares

    —     30     (30 )   —     —       —       —    

Share-based compensation

    —     4,752     —       —     —       —       4,752  

Share-based compensation allocated from Sohu

    —     595     —       —     —       —       595  

Appropriation to statutory reserves

    —     —       —       5,290   (5,290 )   —       —    

Foreign currency translation adjustment

    —     —       —       —     —       1,103     1,103  

Net income

    —     —       —       —     107,986     —       107,986  
                                         

Balance as of Dece mber 3 1 , 2008

  95,000   950   (4,059 )   (30 )   5,748   101,454     631     104,694  
                                         

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

(In thousands)

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31,
 
     2006     2007     2008  
     US$     US$     US$  

Cash flows from operating activities:

      

Net income

   9     5,299     107,986  

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities

      

Depreciation

   190     852     2,366  

Amortization of intangible assets and other assets

   68     71     283  

Share-based compensation allocated from Sohu

   389     443     595  

Share-based compensation expense

   —       —       4,752  

Expenses allocated from Sohu

   1,443     15,926     —    

Investment income from an associate

   (151 )   (9 )   —    

Gain on disposal of investment in an associate

   —       (561 )   —    

Deferred tax assets

   —       —       (237 )

Changes in current assets and liabilities:

      

Accounts receivable

   (11 )   (82 )   (926 )

Prepaid and other current assets

   66     (22 )   (20,253 )

Due from Sohu

   —       (8,835 )   300  

Receipts in advance and deferred revenue

   (492 )   7,137     12,530  

Due to Sohu

   —       11,794     (229 )

Accrued liabilities

   43     2,585     18,675  

Tax payables

   94     914     8,074  
                  

Net cash provided by operating activities

   1,648     35,512     133,916  
                  

Cash flows from investing activities:

      

Proceeds from disposal of interest in an associate

   —       1,731     —    

Purchase of fixed assets

   (733 )   (4,341 )   (7,305 )

Purchase of other assets

   —       (505 )   (501 )
                  

Net cash used in investing activities

   (733 )   (3,115 )   (7,806 )
                  

Cash flows from financing activities:

      

Short-term loan from Sohu

   —       4,950     3,500  

Issuance of ordinary shares

   —       50     —    

Net contribution from (distribution to) Sohu

   329     (23,426 )   —    

Deemed dividend paid to Sohu

   —       —       (9,888 )

Other cash payments relating to financing activities

   —       —       (917 )
                  

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

   329     (18,426 )   (7,305 )
                  

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents

   (219 )   (99 )   215  
                  

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

   1,025     13,872     119,020  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year

   522     1,547     15,419  
                  

Cash and cash equivalents, end of year

   1,547     15,419     134,439  
                  

Supplemental disclosures of cash flow

      

Cash paid for income taxes

   (59 )   (140 )   (3,607 )

Non-cash activities:

      

Transfer of Sohu’s MMORPG assets and operations, net of associated liabilities assumed upon Reorganization

   —       9,888     —    

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND REORGANIZATION

a. Nature of operations

Changyou.com Limited (formerly known as TL Age Limited, hereafter, the “Company” or “Changyou”), is principally engaged in the development, operation and licensing of client-end installed massively multi-player online role-playing games (“MMORPGs”). The Company’s operations and geographic market are principally in the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”).

b. Reorganization

Changyou is an exempted company with limited liability incorporated in the Cayman Islands on August 6, 2007 in connection with a group reorganization (the “Reorganization”) of Sohu.com Inc. (“Sohu.com”), the Company’s ultimate parent company. Sohu.com Inc., its subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) are collectively referred to as Sohu, which excludes the Company, its subsidiaries and VIE, as described below. The Reorganization was effected in connection with a contemplated initial public offering (the “offering”) of the Company on the NASDAQ Global Select Market. Upon incorporation, the Company had authorized, issued and outstanding share capital of $50,000 consisting of 50,000 ordinary shares with a par value of $1.00 each. As of December 31, 2007, the Company was wholly owned by Sohu.com Limited and effectively 100% owned by Sohu.com.

To effect the Reorganization, the following companies were established in 2007:

 

  (1)   Changyou

 

  (2)   Changyou.com (HK) Limited (formerly known as TL Age Hong Kong Limited, hereafter “Changyou HK”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company. Changyou HK was incorporated in Hong Kong on August 13, 2007.

 

  (3)   Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd., (“AmazGame”), a wholly foreign-owned enterprise of Changyou HK. AmazGame was incorporated in the PRC on September 26, 2007. (Changyou HK and AmazGame hereafter, together, the “Subsidiaries”).

 

  (4)   Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gamease”), a variable interest entity of the Company. Gamease was incorporated in PRC on August 23, 2007.

The Company, Changyou HK, AmazGame and Gamease are collectively referred to as the Group.

As part of the Reorganization, the Company established AmazGame as a wholly foreign-owned enterprise and AmazGame entered into a series of agreements with Gamease and its equity owners. The Company is the primary beneficiary of Gamease through AmazGame’s contractual arrangements with Gamease. Accordingly, the Company has consolidated Gamease’s results of operations, assets and liabilities in the Company’s financial statements pursuant to accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ( “US GAAP”) (See Note 3).

Prior to the establishment of the Group, the operation and licensing of MMORPGs were carried out by various companies owned or controlled by Sohu.com (the “Predecessor Operations”). In connection with the

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

Reorganization, the Predecessor Operations, which include all operating assets and liabilities relating to the operation of MMORPGs, were transferred to the Group with legal effect as of December 1, 2007 and are reflected in the statement of cash flows as a non-cash item in 2007.

Since the Group and the Predecessor Operations are under common control, for dates that are, and periods that ended, prior to December 1, 2007 the accompanying consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities, revenues, expenses and cash flows that were directly attributable to the Predecessor Operations. The assets and liabilities have been stated at historical carrying amounts. In addition, the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared as if the current corporate structure has been in existence throughout the periods presented.

In cases involving assets and liabilities not specifically identifiable to any particular operation of Sohu, only those assets and liabilities related to the MMORPG operations are included in the Group’s consolidated balance sheet. The Group’s statement of operations includes all the related costs of MMORPG operations including an allocation of certain general corporate expenses of Sohu which are not directly related to MMORPG operations. These allocations are based on a variety of factors, dependent upon the nature of the expenses being allocated, including revenue, number of employees and number of servers. Management believes these allocations are reasonable. Total corporate marketing and general administrative expenses allocated from Sohu are $1,261,000, $3,923,000 and $11,321,000 for the year ended 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The Group’s statements of operations also include the sales and marketing expenses and other costs for those services provided by Sohu which were $571,000, $14,551,000 and $19,260,000 for the year ended 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. The transactions are measured, after making reference to similar transactions with third parties, at the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties. Interest expenses charged from Sohu are $nil, $61,000, and $245,000 for the year ended 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. However, while the expenses allocated to the Group for these items are not necessarily indicative of the expenses that would have been incurred if the Group had been a separate, independent entity, the Company does not believe that there is any significant difference between the nature and amount of these allocated expenses and the expenses that would have been incurred if the Group had been a separate, stand-alone entity. Prior to December 1, 2007, general corporate expenses allocated from Sohu and sales and marketing expenses and other costs charged from Sohu are accounted through equity in Additional paid-in capital as a capital contribution. Income tax liability is calculated based on a separate return basis as if the Group had filed a separate tax return.

c. Share Split and Issuances

 

(i)

In May 2008, the Company effected a share split of each $1.00 par value share into 100 shares of $0.01 par value each, resulting in 5,000,000 ordinary shares authorized, issued and outstanding.

In May 2008, the Company’s authorized share capital was increased from 5,000,000 to 10,000,000 ordinary shares with a par value of $0.01 per ordinary share, and in June 2008 the Company issued to Sohu.com (Game) Limited an additional 3,500,000 ordinary shares, such that Sohu.com (Game) Limited then held an aggregate of 8,500,000 ordinary shares, then representing 100% of the outstanding share capital of the Company.

 

(ii)

In December 2008, the Company effected the following transactions: (a) Sohu.com (Game) Limited transferred 8,500,000 ordinary shares to the Company for cancellation; (b) the Company increased its authorized ordinary shares from 10,000,000 to 109,774,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share, with 100,000,000 of such shares designated as Class A ordinary shares and 9,774,000 of such shares designated as Class B ordinary shares; and (c) the Company issued 8,000,000 Class B ordinary shares to Sohu.com (Game) Limited.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

(iii)

On March 16, 2009, the Company increased its authorized ordinary shares from 109,774,000 to 297,740,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share, with 200,000,000 of such shares designated as Class A ordinary shares and 97,740,000 of such shares designated as Class B ordinary shares and effected a ten-for-one split of outstanding Class B ordinary shares by way of a bonus share issuance of nine Class B ordinary shares for each Class B ordinary share then outstanding.

The impact of the share splits and issuances is accounted for retroactively in the periods presented herein.

2. VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES

PRC laws and regulations prohibit or restrict foreign ownership of companies that operate online games and internet content services. Consequently, the Group operates its MMORPG businesses through its VIE, Gamease. Gamease holds the licenses and approvals to operate online games in the PRC. The VIE is directly owned by the Company’s Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”) and a Changyou employee. Capital for Gamease is funded by the Company through loans provided to the Company’s CEO and the Changyou employee, and is initially recorded as loans to related parties. These loans are eliminated for accounting purposes with the capital of Gamease during consolidation. For the Predecessor Operations, a similar arrangement was also made for the Sohu entities that the Predecessor Operations comprised.

Under contractual agreements with the Company, the CEO and the Changyou employee who are shareholders of Gamease are required to transfer their ownership in Gamease to the Company, if permitted by PRC laws and regulations, or, if not so permitted, to designees of the Company at any time to repay the loans outstanding. All voting rights of Gamease are assigned to the Company; the Company has the right to designate all directors and senior management personnel of Gamease. The Company’s CEO and the Changyou employee have pledged their shares in Gamease as collateral for the loans. As of December 31, 2008, the aggregate amount of these loans was $1,463,000.

The Group has adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Interpretation (“FIN”) No. 46(R) “Consolidated Variable Interest Entities—an interpretation of ARB No. 51” (“FIN 46(R)”), which requires certain variable interest entities to be consolidated by the primary beneficiary of the entity. Management evaluated the relationships between the Company, AmazGame and Gamease and through the economic benefit flow of the above contractual arrangements, the AmazGame has obtained 100% of the shareholders’ voting interests in the Gamease. The Group concluded that the Gamease is a variable interest entity of the Company, of which the Company is the primary beneficiary. As a result, the Gamease’s results of operation, assets and liabilities have been included in the Group’s consolidated financial statements.

3. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

a. Basis of presentation and consolidation

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis to reflect the financial position and results of operations of the Company in accordance with U.S. GAAP and on a going concern basis.

The consolidated financial statements include the financial statements of the Company and its controlled operating entities including the subsidiaries and the variable interest entity. All inter-company balances and transactions within the Group have been eliminated on consolidation.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

b. Use of estimates

The preparation of these financial statements requires the Company to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. On an on-going basis, the Company evaluates its estimates based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimates. Significant judgments and estimates include accounting for revenues, determination of share-based compensation expense, assessment of income tax and valuation allowance against deferred tax assets, assessment of impairment for intangible assets, fixed assets and other assets and determination of functional currencies, which represent critical accounting policies that reflect the more significant judgments and estimates used in the preparation of the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

c. Associates

Associates are entities over which the Company has significant influence, but which it does not control. Investments in associates are accounted for by the equity method of accounting. Under this method, the Company’s share of the post-acquisition profits or losses of associates is recognized in the income statement and its share of post-acquisition movements in reserves is recognized in reserves. When the Company’s share of losses in an associate equals or exceeds its interest in the associates, the Company does not recognize further losses, unless the Company has incurred obligations or made payments on behalf of the associates.

d. Cash and cash equivalents

Cash and cash equivalents consists of cash and bank deposits with an original maturity of three months or less that are placed with banks.

e. Fixed assets and depreciation

Fixed assets, comprising computer equipment (including servers) and leasehold improvements, are stated at cost less accumulated depreciation and impairment. Fixed assets are depreciated at rates sufficient to write off their costs less impairment, if any, over the estimated useful lives of the assets on a straight-line basis, with no residual value. The estimated useful lives are as follows:

 

     Estimated useful life

Computer equipment (including servers)

   4 years

Leasehold improvements

   Lesser of term of the lease or the estimated useful
lives of the assets

Expenditure for maintenance and repairs is expensed as incurred.

The gain or loss on the disposal of fixed assets is the difference between the net sales proceeds and the carrying amount of the relevant assets and is recognized in the consolidated statement of operations.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

f. Intangible assets

Intangible assets, comprising source codes, computer software purchased from unrelated third parties and other finite-lived intangible assets which are separable from the fixed assets, are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets. The weighted average amortization period for intangible assets is three years, two years and eight years for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

g. Copyrights

Copyrights purchased from unrelated third parties are stated at cost less accumulated amortization. Amortization is computed using the straight-line method over the contract period or estimated useful lives of the copyrights, whichever is shorter. Copyrights are recorded in other non-current assets.

h. Impairment of long-lived assets and intangible assets

The carrying amounts of long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets to be held and used is evaluated by a comparison of the carrying amount of assets to future undiscounted net cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amounts of the assets exceed the fair value of the assets. Assets to be disposed of are reported at the lower of the carrying amount or fair value less cost to sell.

i. Foreign currency translation

The Company’s functional and reporting currency is the United States dollar (“U.S. dollar”). The functional currency of the Company’s subsidiary in Hong Kong is the U.S. dollar while the Company’s subsidiary and VIE in China is the Renminbi (“RMB”). Accordingly, assets and liabilities of the China subsidiaries are translated at the current exchange rate in effect at the balance sheet date, and revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the reporting period to U.S. dollar. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency translation to reporting currency are recorded in accumulated other comprehensive income in the consolidated statements of shareholders’ equity for the years presented.

Foreign currency transactions are translated at the applicable rates quoted by the People’s Bank of China (“PBOC”) prevailing at the dates of the transactions. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign currencies at the balance sheet date are remeasured at the applicable rates of exchange in effect at that date. Gains and losses resulting from foreign currency re-measurement are included in the consolidated statements of operations.

j. Revenue recognition

Game operations revenues

The Group earns revenue through providing MMORPGs to players pursuant to item-based revenue model. Under the item-based model, the basic game play functions are free of charge and players are charged for purchases of in-game virtual items. Prior to December 2006, the MMORPGs were operated under the time-based revenue model, whereby players are charged based on the time they spend playing games.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

Game operations revenues are collected by Gamease through sale of the Group’s prepaid cards which it sells in both virtual and physical forms to third-party distributors.

For games which use the item-based revenue model, proceeds from sale of prepaid cards are deferred when received and revenue is recognized over the estimated lives of the virtual items purchased or as the virtual items are consumed. If different assumptions were used in deriving the estimated lives of the virtual items, the timing in which the Company records its revenues will be impacted. For games which use the time-based revenue model, the proceeds from sale of prepaid cards from distributors are deferred when received and revenue is recognized based upon the actual usage of time units by the game players.

The revenues are recorded net of business tax, discounts and rebates to distributors.

Under both the item-based and the time-based revenue models, proceeds received from sales of prepaid cards are initially recorded as receipts in advance from customers, and upon activation or charge of the prepaid cards, transferred from receipts in advance from customers to deferred revenues. As we do not have control of and generally do not know, the ultimate selling price of the prepaid cards sold by the distributors, net proceeds from distributors form the basis of revenue recognition.

Prepaid cards will expire two years after the date of card production if they have never been activated. The proceeds from the expired game cards are recognized as revenue upon expiration of cards.

In contrast, once the prepaid cards are activated and credited to a player’s personal game account, they will not expire as long as the personal game account remains active. The Group is entitled to suspend and close a player’s personal game account if it has been inactive for a period of 180 consecutive days. The unused balances in an inactive player’s personal game account are recognized as revenues when the account is suspended and closed.

For the years ended December 2006, 2007 and 2008, the Group recognized revenues in connection with expired un-activated prepaid cards and unused balances of activated prepaid cards in an inactive account amounting to approximately $380,000, $150,000 and $173,000, respectively.

Overseas licensing revenue

The Group enters into licensing arrangements with overseas licensees to operate the Group’s MMORPGs in other countries or territories. These licensing agreements provided for two revenue streams, namely an initial license fee and a monthly revenue-based royalty fee based on monthly revenue and sales from ancillary products of the games. The initial license fee is based on both a fixed amount and additional amount receivable upon achieving certain sales targets. Since the Group is obligated to provide post-sales services such as technical support and provision of updates and when-and-if-available upgrades to the licensees during the license period, the initial license fee from the licensing arrangement is recognized as revenue ratably over the license period. The fixed amount of the initial license fee is recognized ratably over the remaining license period from the launch of the game and the additional amount is recognized ratably over the remaining license period from the date such additional amount is certain. The monthly revenue-based royalty fee is recognized when earned, provided that collectability is reasonably assured.

k. Deferred revenue

For game operations revenue, deferred revenue represents monies received from distributors and activated or charged to their respective personal game accounts by players, but which have not been consumed

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

by the players or expired. For overseas licensing revenue, deferred revenue represents the unamortized balance of initial license fees paid by overseas licensees.

l. Cost of revenues

Cost of revenues consists of salaries and benefits, revenue-based royalty payments to the game developers, bandwidth leasing charges, amortization of licensing fees, depreciation expenses, business tax and value-added tax that AmazGame pays on the revenue it derives from its contractual arrangements with Gamease, and other direct costs.

m. Product development expenses

Costs incurred for the development of MMORPGs prior to the establishment of technological feasibility and costs incurred for maintenance after the MMORPGs are available for marketing are expensed when incurred and are included in product development expenses.

n. Government Grant

A government grant is recognized when the grant is received and the relevant requirements have been complied with. When the grant relates to an expense item, it is recognized as a reduction of the related expenses when the expenses are incurred and once the Company has the approval from the government. The Company applied for government grants for certain game software development expenses incurred in 2008. Cash grants receivable recognized as a deduction of product development expense amounted to $427,000 in 2008.

o. Advertising expense

Advertising expenses, which generally represent the cost of promotions to create or stimulate a positive image of the Company or a desire to buy the Company’s products and services, are expensed as incurred. Included in sales and marketing expense are advertising costs of $1,020,000, $18,586,000 and $36,886,000, for the year ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively. Advertising expenses charged from Sohu were $571,000, $14,348,000 and $19,194,000 for the year ended 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

p. Operating leases

In October 2007, the Company started to lease office space under operating lease agreements with original lease periods of five years. Rental expenses are recognized from the date of initial possession of the leased property on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. Certain lease agreements contain rent holidays, which are recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term. Lease renewal periods are considered on a lease-by-lease basis and are generally not included in the initial lease term.

q. Share-based compensation expense

Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted Statement of Financial Accounting Standard 123(R) (“SFAS 123(R)”), which requires all share-based payments to employees and directors, including grants of employee stock options and restricted stock units, to be recognized in the financial statements based on their grant date fair values. The valuation provisions of SFAS 123(R) apply to new awards, to awards granted to

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

employees and directors before the adoption of SFAS 123(R) whose related requisite services had not been provided, and to awards which were subsequently modified or cancelled. In March 2005, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 107 (“SAB 107”) regarding the SEC’s interpretation of SFAS 123(R) and the valuation of share-based payments for public companies. The Company has applied the provisions of SAB 107 in its adoption of SFAS 123(R). Prior to SFAS 123(R), the Company accounted for share-based payments in accordance with Accounting Principles Board Opinions (APB) 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees (“APB 25”), and complied with the disclosure provisions of SFAS 123. In general, compensation cost under APB 25 was recognized based on the difference, if any, between the estimated fair value of common stock and the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock, as determined on the date the option is granted. Pro forma information was disclosed to illustrate the effect on net income and net income per share if the company had applied the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123 to stock-based employee compensation for the reporting periods.

Under SFAS 123(R), the Company applied the Black-Scholes valuation model in determining the fair value of options granted to employees and directors. Under the transition provisions of SFAS 123(R), the Company recognizes compensation expense on options granted by Sohu prior to the adoption of SFAS 123(R) on an accelerated basis over the requisite service period, which is consistent with the methods the Company adopted when preparing pro forma information under SFAS 123. Restricted stock units are measured based on the fair market value of the underlying stock on the dates of grant. The Company recognizes the relevant share-based compensation expenses on an accelerated basis over the requisite service period.

Under SFAS 123(R), the number of share-based awards for which the service is not expected to be rendered for the requisite period should be estimated, and the related compensation cost not recorded for that number of awards. For pro forma disclosure under SFAS 123, the effect of forfeitures was accounted for only as the forfeitures occurred. The Company applied the modified prospective transition method, and therefore has not restated prior years’ results.

The fair values as of the January 2008 and April 2008 grant dates were determined by relying in part on a report prepared by American Appraisal China Limited, or American Appraisal China. Determining the fair value of the ordinary shares of the Company required complex and subjective judgments regarding its projected financial and operating results, its unique business risks, the liquidity of its ordinary shares and its operating history and prospects at the time the grants were made.

Because at the time of the grants the Company’s business was at a different stage of its product life cycle than that of the publicly-listed companies in the online game industry, it was concluded that a market comparison approach would not have been meaningful in determining the fair value of the Company’s ordinary shares. As a result, the Company and American Appraisal China used the income approach/discounted cash flow method to derive the fair values. The Company applied the discounted cash flow, or DCF, analysis based on the Company’s projected cash flow using management’s best estimate as of the respective valuation dates. The projected cash flow estimate included, among other things, an analysis of projected revenue growth, gross margins, effective tax rates, capital expenditures and working capital requirements. The income approach involves applying appropriate discount rates, based on earnings forecasts, to estimated cash flows. The assumptions the Company used in deriving the fair value of its ordinary shares were consistent with the assumptions used in developing its MMORPG business plan, which included no material changes in the existing political, legal, fiscal and economic conditions in China; its ability to recruit and retain competent management, key personnel and technical staff to support its ongoing operations; and no material deviation in industry trends and market conditions from economic forecasts. These assumptions are inherently uncertain and subjective. The

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

discount rates reflect the risks the management perceived as being associated with achieving the forecasts and are based on the Company’s estimated cost of capital, which was derived by using the capital asset pricing model, after taking into account systemic risks and company-specific risks. The capital asset pricing model is a model for pricing securities that adds an assumed risk premium rate of return to an assumed risk-free rate of return. Using this method, the Company determined the appropriate discount rates to be 22% as of the January 2008 valuation date and 23% as of the April 2008 valuation date.

The Company also applied a discount for lack of marketability, or DLOM, to reflect the fact that, at the time of the grants, Changyou.com Limited was a closely-held company and there was no public market for its ordinary shares. To determine the discount for lack of marketability, the Company and American Appraisal China used the Black-Scholes option pricing model. Pursuant to the Black-Scholes option pricing model, the Company used the cost of a put option, which can be used to hedge the price change before a privately held share can be sold, as the basis to determine the discount for lack of marketability. Based on the foregoing analysis, the Company used a DLOM of 19% to discount the value of the Changyou’s ordinary shares as of the January 2008 and April 2008 valuation dates. Because there was no evidence to indicate that there would be a disproportionate return between majority and minority shareholders, the Company did not apply a minority discount. As a result, it was concluded that the fair value of Changyou.com Limited as a going concern was $136 million as of the January 2008 valuation date and $198 million as of the April 2008 valuation date. The fair value per ordinary share and restricted share as of the date of the grants made in January 2008 was $1.36 per share. The fair value per ordinary share and restricted share, and per ordinary share underlying each restricted share unit, as of the date of the grants made in April 2008 was $1.98 per share.

The Company’s assumptions were based on historical experience, with consideration to developing expectations about the future. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards and related share based compensation expenses represent management’s best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. As a result, if factors change or different assumptions are used, the Company’s share-based compensation expense could be materially different for any period.

r. Income taxes

Current income taxes are provided on the basis of income for financial reporting purposes, adjusted for income and expense items which are not assessable or deductible for income tax purposes, in accordance with the regulations of the relevant tax jurisdictions. Deferred income taxes are provided using the liability method in accordance with SFAS No. 109, “Income Taxes.” Under this method, deferred income taxes are determined based on the differences between the financial reporting and tax bases of assets and liabilities and are measured using the currently enacted tax rates and laws. The deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is considered based on available evidence more likely than not that some portion of, or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized.

s. Uncertain tax positions

The Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (“FIN 48”), on January 1, 2007. FIN 48 prescribes a more likely than not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. This Interpretation also provides guidance on derecognition of income tax assets and liabilities, classification of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities, accounting for interest and penalties

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

associated with tax positions, accounting for income taxes in interim periods, and income tax disclosures. The Company did not have any adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings as of January 1, 2007 as a result of the implementation of FIN 48. The Company did not have any interest and penalties associated with tax positions and did not have any significant unrecognized uncertain tax positions for the year ended December 31, 2008.

t. Earnings per share

Basic earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed using the weighted average number of ordinary shares and, if dilutive, potential ordinary shares outstanding during the year. Potential ordinary shares consist of shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options for the purchase of ordinary shares and the settlement of restricted share units and are accounted for using the treasury stock method. Potential ordinary shares are not included in the denominator of the diluted earnings per share calculation when inclusion of such shares would be anti-dilutive, such as in a period in which a net loss is recorded. Earnings per share are computed on Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares together, because both classes have the same dividend rights and the same participation rights in the Company’s undistributed earnings. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, there were no Class A ordinary shares issued and outstanding.

u. Comprehensive income (loss)

Comprehensive income (loss) is defined as the change in equity of a company during a period from transactions and other events and circumstances excluding transactions resulting from investments from owners and distributions to owners. Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), as presented on the accompanying consolidated balance sheets, consists of the cumulative foreign currency translation adjustment.

v. Segment reporting

The Group operates and manages its business as a single segment. As the Group primarily generates its revenues from customers in the PRC, no geographical segments are presented.

w. Recently issued accounting standards

In September 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Statement No. 157, Fair Value Measurements (or SFAS 157), which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. SFAS 157 applies to other accounting pronouncements that require or permit fair value measurements. SFAS 157 is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007. However, on February 12, 2008, the FASB issued FSP FAS 157-2, which would delay the effective date of SFAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis (at least annually). This FSP partially defers the effective date of Statement 157 to fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years for items within the scope of this FSP. The Company believes there will be no material impact on its financial statements upon adoption of this standard.

In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Statement No. 141 (Revised 2007), Business Combinations (“SFAS 141(R)”). SFAS 141(R) provides additional guidance on

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

improving the relevance, representational faithfulness, and comparability of the financial information that a reporting entity provides in its financial reports about a business combination and its effects. This Statement applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company believes there will be no material impact on its financial statements upon adoption of this standard.

In December 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued FASB Statement No. 160, Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51 (“SFAS 160”). SFAS 160 amends ARB No. 51 to establish accounting and reporting standards for a noncontrolling interest in a subsidiary and for the deconsolidation of a subsidiary. This Statement is effective for fiscal years and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning on or after December 15, 2008. The Company believes there will be no material impact on its financial statements upon adoption of this standard.

In December 2007, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin 110 (“SAB 110”). SAB 110 states that the staff will continue to accept, under certain circumstances, the use of the simplified method for estimating the expected term of “plain vanilla” share options in accordance with SFAS 123(R) beyond December 31, 2007. The Company believes there will be no material impact on its financial statements upon adoption of this standard.

In April 2008, the FASB issued Staff Position No. FAS 142-3, “Determination of the Useful Life of Intangible Assets” (“FSP FAS 142-3”). FSP FAS 142-3 amends the factors that should be considered in developing renewal or extension assumptions used to determine the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS No. 142, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets (“SFAS 142”). The intent of FSP FAS 142-3 is to improve the consistency between the useful life of a recognized intangible asset under SFAS 142 and the period of expected cash flows used to measure the fair value of the asset under SFAS 141(R) and other applicable accounting literature. FSP FAS 142-3 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. The Company is currently evaluating the potential impact of FSP FAS 142-3 on its consolidated financial statements.

x. Fair value measurements

On January 1, 2008, the Company adopted the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements,” (or SFAS 157) for financial assets and liabilities. As permitted by FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No 157,” the Company elected to defer the adoption of SFAS 157 for all nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities, except those that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. SFAS 157 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value under generally accepted accounting principles, and expands disclosures about fair value measurement. The carrying amount of the Company’s cash approximates their fair value due to the short maturity of those instruments. The carrying value of receivables and payables approximates their market value based on their short-term maturities. As of December 31, 2008, the initial adoption of SFAS 157 had no effect on the consolidated results of operations and financial condition.

4. CONCENTRATION OF RISKS

There are no revenues from distributors that individually represent greater than 10% of the total revenues for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008.

Over 90% of the Group’s net revenue for the year ended December 31, 2008 was derived from a single MMORPG, Tian Long Ba Bu, which was launched in May 2007.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

A majority of the Group’s sales and expenses transactions are denominated in RMB and a significant portion of the Group’s assets and liabilities is denominated in RMB. RMB is not freely convertible into foreign currencies. In the PRC, certain foreign exchange transactions are required by law to be transacted only by authorized financial institutions at exchange rates set by the PBOC. Remittances in currencies other than RMB by the Group in China must be processed through the PBOC or other China foreign exchange regulatory bodies which require certain supporting documentation in order to affect the remittance.

As of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 substantially all of the Group’s cash were held by major financial institutions located in the PRC, which management believes are of high credit quality.

5. PREPAID AND OTHER CURRENT ASSETS (IN THOUSANDS):

 

     As of December 31,
         2006            2007            2008    

Corporate income tax refund receivables

   $    $    $ 18,854

Deferred expenses in relation to initial public offering

               1,740

VAT refund receivables

               879

Others

     17      39      714
                    

Total

   $ 17    $ 39    $ 22,187
                    

6. INVESTMENT IN AN ASSOCIATE

In August 2004, the Group made an investment of $997,000 in Beijing Pixel Software Technology Co. Ltd. (“Pixel”) to acquire 15% of its equity interest (the “Acquisition”). The Group had the right to appoint one of four members of the board of directors of Pixel. Prior to the disposal of this investment the Group believed that it could exercise significant influence over Pixel’s operations; accordingly, the investment was accounted for under the equity method. During the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, the Group recorded a share of profits of $151,000 and $9,000 in the consolidated statements of operations, respectively. In August 2007, the Group disposed of its 15% equity interests in Pixel to the controlling shareholders of Pixel for a gain of $561,000. Accordingly, starting from September 1, 2007, Pixel ceased to be an associate of the Group.

7. FIXED ASSETS, NET (IN THOUSANDS):

 

     As of December 31,  
         2006             2007             2008      

Computer equipment (including servers)

   $1,435     $5,512     $9,251  

Leasehold improvements

   —       916     3,632  

Office furniture

   —       —       146  

Vehicles

   —       —       105  
                  

Total

   1,435     6,428     13,134  

Less: accumulated depreciation

   (515 )   (1,367 )   (3,874 )
                  

Net book value

   $920     $5,061     $9,260  
                  

The depreciation expense for fixed assets was $190, $852 and $2,366 for the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

8. OTHER ASSETS, NET (IN THOUSANDS):

 

     As of December 31,
         2006            2007            2008    

Copyrights purchased from third parties

   $ 158    $ 427    $ 747

Long-term rental deposit

     —        165      175

Deferred tax assets

     —        —        237
                    

Total

   $ 158    $ 592    $ 1,159
                    

9. ACCRUED LIABILITIES (IN THOUSANDS):

 

     As of December 31,
         2006            2007            2008    

Accrued compensation and benefits

   $ 369    $ 2,590    $ 17,165

Accrued expense to suppliers

     358      1,258      4,974

Others

     10      126      695
                    

Total

   $ 737    $ 3,974    $ 22,834
                    

10. SHARE-BASED COMPENSATION

Share-based compensation for periods prior to 2008 relates to the options or restricted shares issued by Sohu.com for the employees of Sohu who are part of the Predecessor Operations.

Share-based compensation allocated from Sohu

Sohu’s Stock Incentive Plan

The 2000 Stock Incentive Plan of the Company’s ultimate parent company, Sohu.com, provides for the issuance of stock options and restricted stock units to purchase up to 9,500,000 shares of common stock to qualified employees. The maximum term of any issued stock right is ten years from the grant date.

In accordance with SFAS 123(R), effective from January 1, 2006, all share-based payments to employees and directors are recognized in the financial statements based on their grant date fair values. The valuation provisions of SFAS 123(R) apply to new awards, to awards granted to employees and directors before the adoption of SFAS 123(R) whose related requisite services had not been provided, and to awards which were subsequently modified or cancelled. In March 2005, the SEC issued SAB 107 regarding the SEC’s interpretation of SFAS 123(R) and the valuation of share-based payments for public companies. The Company has applied the provisions of SAB 107 in its adoption of SFAS 123(R).

Estimates of fair value are not intended to predict actual future events or the value that ultimately will be realized by employees who receive equity awards, and subsequent events are not indicative of the reasonableness of the original estimates of fair value made by the Company under SFAS 123(R).

The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. There was no grant of stock options by Sohu during 2006, 2007 or 2008.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

A summary of option activity, relating to the options held by employees of the Predecessor Operations under the Sohu’s 2000 Stock Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2008 and changes during the year then ended, is presented below:

 

Options

   Number of
Shares
(in thousands)
    Weighted Average
Exercise Price
   Weighted Average
Remaining
Contractual Life
(Years)
   Aggregate
Intrinsic Value
(in thousands)

Outstanding at January 1, 2008

   44     $ 18.90    6.98    $ 1,678

Transfer from Sohu*

   18       16.97      

Granted

   —            

Exercised

   (30 )     19.38      

Forfeited or expired

   —         17.72      
              

Outstanding at December 31, 2008

   32       17.52    6.25    $ 953
              

Vested at December 31, 2008 and expected to vest thereafter

   31       17.64    6.25    $ 925
              

Exercisable at December 31, 2008

   25       17.64    6.16    $ 732
              

 

*   The transfer from Sohu represents stock options held by Sohu employees who subsequently became employees of Changyou after the Reorganization. The number of shares recorded as transferred from Sohu reflects the outstanding shares as of the date of the transfer. Share-based compensation expenses, as part of compensation expenses for these employees, were allocated from Sohu to the Company.

The aggregate intrinsic value in the preceding table represents the total intrinsic value based on the Sohu.com’s closing stock price of $47.34 as of December 31, 2008.

As of December 31, 2008, there was $26,000 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to options for which services had not been provided. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 0.4 years. The total fair value of options expensed during the year ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 were $264,000, $130,000 and $69,000, respectively. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $793,000, $306,000 and $1.7 million, respectively.

A summary of restricted stock unit activity, relating to the restricted stock units held by employees of the Predecessor Operations under the Sohu’s 2000 Stock Incentive Plan as of December 31, 2008, and changes during the year then ended, is presented below:

 

Restricted Stock Units

   Number of
Units
(in thousands)
    Weighted-Average
Grant-Date
Fair Value

Unvested at January 1, 2008

   6     $ 24.07

Granted

   5       86.58

Transferred from Sohu

   10       24.07

Vested

   (5 )     24.07

Forfeited

   —         —  
        

Unvested at December 31, 2008

   16       43.91
        

Expected to vest thereafter

   11       41.47
        

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

As of December 31, 2008, there were $274,000 of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units, net of forecasted forfeitures. This amount is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1.1 years. The total fair value of restricted stock units expensed during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $65,000, $106,000 and $163,000, respectively.

The share-based compensation expense related to Sohu’s senior management who provide service for both Sohu and the Company was included in the operating expense allocation. The stock options and restricted stock units held by Sohu’s senior management were not reflected in preceding table of summary of option activity and restricted stock unit activity as they are not employees of the Predecessor Operations. The total fair value of options and restricted stock units expenses relating to Sohu’s senior management allocated to the Group during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008 was $60,000, $207,000 and $363,000, respectively.

There were no capitalized share-based compensation costs during the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008.

Non-recourse note to an employee

In 2005, Sohu and an employee, who later became the CEO of the Company, became shareholders of a newly organized entity, Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co. Ltd. (“Beijing Fire Fox”) within the Predecessor Operations, holding 75% and 25% interests, respectively. Sohu, being the primary beneficiary of Beijing Fire Fox, provided a non-recourse interest-free loan to the employee for his share of capital contribution to the entity. Under the terms of the agreement with Sohu, there was an implied 5 years’ service requirement before the employee would be entitled to a contingent right to receive a payment equal to 25% of the value of Beijing Fire Fox. As the substance of this arrangement is similar to the grant of an option, this arrangement was accounted for as share-based compensation under APB 25. The amount of compensation to be recorded is based upon the intrinsic value on the grant date, which was determined based upon the difference between fair market value of the contingent right and the principal and interest due on the note. As of the date of grant, the intrinsic value was determined to be zero.

Upon adoption of SFAS 123(R) on January 1, 2006, the Company recognized the compensation cost of the non-recourse note based on its grant date fair value over the remaining requisite service period.

Share-based compensation to the Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”)

In January 2008, Sohu communicated to and agreed with the CEO that his contingent right in Beijing Fire Fox would be modified to an equity interest in the Company. The equity interest Sohu granted to the CEO would consist of 7,000,000 ordinary shares in the Company and 8,000,000 restricted shares in the Company and would come out of Sohu’s equity interest in the Company. The restricted shares included, as a condition of vesting, the completion of an initial public offering by the Company on an internationally recognized stock exchange, and also were subject to a vesting schedule. In addition, the terms of the restricted shares provided that the CEO will not be entitled to participate in any distributions by the Company on his ordinary shares and restricted shares until the earlier of the completion of an initial public offering by the Company or February 2012. In April 2008, the vesting conditions of the restricted shares were modified to provide for vesting over a four-year period, subject to acceleration under certain circumstances, commencing on February 1, 2008, with no condition that an initial public offering be completed. There was no change, however, to the limitation on the CEO’s right to participate in distributions declared by the Company prior to the completion of an initial public offering.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

The difference between the fair values, or the Incremental Fair Value, of the 7,000,000 ordinary shares and 8,000,000 restricted shares granted to the CEO and his contingent right to receive a payment equal to 25% of the value of Beijing Fire Fox is accounted for as share-based compensation. Because the terms of the issuance of the ordinary shares and restricted shares had been approved and were communicated to and agreed with the CEO as of January 2, 2008, this was considered the grant date under U.S. GAAP and, accordingly, the Incremental Fair Value was determined as of that date. The portion of the Incremental Fair Value related to the 7,000,000 ordinary shares, equal to $1.8 million, was recognized as share-based compensation expense in product development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2008. As result of the modification of the vesting terms of the 8,000,000 restricted shares in April 2008, the portion of the Incremental Fair Value related to those shares, equal to $7.0 million, was determined as of that date and is accounted for as share-based compensation over the vesting period starting from the date of the modification, following the accelerated basis of attribution. Share-based compensation expense relating to the 8,000,000 restricted shares for the year ended December 31, 2008 was $3.0 million and recognized in product development expenses. The Incremental Fair Values were determined using the discounted cash flow method.

A summary of restricted shares activity, relating to the restricted shares held by the CEO under Changyou’s 2008 Share Incentive Program as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008, is presented below:

 

Restricted Shares

   Number of
Shares
(in thousands)
   Weighted-Average
Grant-Date Fair
Value

Unvested at January 1, 2008

      $

Granted

   8,000    $ 1.36

Vested

     
       

Unvested at December 31, 2008

   8,000    $ 1.36
       

Expected to vest thereafter

   8,000    $ 1.36
       

As of December 31, 2008, there was $4.0 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted shares granted to the CEO.

Share-based compensation to senior management and certain key employees

In April 2008, the Company approved and communicated to the recipients the grant of an aggregate of 1,800,000 restricted shares to its executive officers other than the CEO and 940,000 restricted share units to certain key employees, which are settleable in ordinary shares upon vesting. These restricted shares and restricted share units are subject to vesting over a four-year period, subject to acceleration under certain circumstances, commencing February 1, 2008 and are subject to a successful initial public offering by the Company.

The grant date fair value of the awards will be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations starting from the date when those future events become probable.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

A summary of the restricted share activity as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008, is presented below:

 

Restricted Shares

   Number of
Units
(in thousands)
   Weighted-Average
Grant-Date Fair
Value

Unvested at January 1, 2008

   —      $ —  

Granted

   1,800      1.98

Vested

   —     

Forfeited

   —     
       

Unvested at December 31, 2008

   1,800      1.98
       

Expected to vest thereafter

   1,800      1.98
       

As of December 31, 2008, there was $3.6 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested Class B restricted shares granted to executive officers other than the CEO.

A summary of the restricted share units activity as of and for the year ended December 31, 2008, is presented below:

 

Restricted Share Units

   Number of
Units
(in thousands)
   Weighted-Average
Grant-Date Fair
Value

Unvested at January 1, 2008

   —      $ —  

Granted

   940      1.98

Vested

   —     

Forfeited

   —     
       

Unvested at December 31, 2008

   940      1.98
       

Expected to vest thereafter

   940      1.98
       

As of December 31, 2008, there was $1.9 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested Class B restricted share units granted to certain key employees.

11. TAXATION

a. Business tax (“BT”) and related Surcharges

The Group including its Predecessor Operations is subject to a 5% business tax and 0.5% related surcharges for city construction and education on revenues from online game business in the PRC. Business tax and the related surcharges are recognized when the revenue is earned.

b. VAT

Effective 2008, in addition to business tax and related surcharges, the Group is subjected to VAT at an effective rate of 3% for the revenues from intra group software sales in the PRC.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

c. Income tax

Cayman Islands

Under the current tax laws of the Cayman Islands, the Company is not subject to tax on its income or capital gains. In addition, upon payment of dividends by the Company to its shareholders, no Cayman Islands withholding tax will be imposed.

Hong Kong

Changyou HK is subject to taxes in Hong Kong at 17.5%, 17.5% and 16.5% for the year ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively.

China

Prior to January 1, 2008, the AmazGame and Gamease in the PRC including the Predecessor Operations were governed by the Income Tax Law of the People’s Republic of China concerning Foreign Investment Enterprises and Foreign Enterprises and the Enterprise Income Regulation (“the previous income tax law and rules”). Pursuant to the previous income tax law and rules, AmazGame and Gamease including the Predecessor Operations were generally subject to Corporate Income Tax (“CIT”) at a statutory rate of 33% (30% state income tax plus 3% local income tax), or 15% for certain technology enterprises, on PRC taxable income. Furthermore, new technology enterprises were exempted from Chinese state income tax for three years, beginning with their first year of operations, and were entitled to a 50% tax reduction to a rate of 7.5% for the subsequent three years and 15% thereafter. During the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2007, most operations of the Sohu in the PRC including Predecessor Operations were subject to an applicable tax rate of 7.5% or were exempted from income tax as new technology enterprises. As of December 31, 2007, the Company recorded deferred tax based on the enacted statutory tax rate of 25%.

On January 1, 2008, the newly introduced Corporate Income Tax Law, or New CIT Law, which unify the statutory income tax rate of enterprises in China to 25%, became effective. The New CIT Law provides a five-year transitional period for those entities established before March 16, 2007, which enjoyed a favorable income tax rate of less than 25% under the previous income tax laws and rules, to gradually change their rates to 25%.

On April 14, 2008, relevant governmental regulatory authorities released qualification criteria, application procedures and assessment processes for “new technology enterprises,” which will be entitled to a favorable statutory tax rate of 15%. On July 8, 2008, relevant governmental regulatory authorities further clarified that new technology enterprises previously qualified under the previous income tax laws and rules as of December 31, 2007 would be allowed to enjoy grandfather treatment for the unexpired tax holidays, on condition that they were re-approved for new technology enterprise status under the regulations released on April 14, 2008.

In June 2008, both Gamease and AmazGame obtained a Software Enterprise Certification (the “Certification”). An enterprise having such Certification is entitled to two years’ exemption and three years’ 50% reduction in corporate income tax (the “tax holiday”). As of December 31, 2008, taking into account the obtaining of the Certifications and other factors including but not limited to being informed by the relevant tax bureau that Gamease and AmazGame would be subject to an income tax rate of 0% for the full year 2008 and 12.5% for the years 2009 through 2011, management believes that both Gamease and AmazGame are entitled to

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

the tax holiday. However, in accordance with the relevant tax authorities’ administrative requirements, the Company prepaid income taxes at 25% for the first three quarters of 2008, which amounted to $18.9 million as of December 31, 2008. The Company was not required to prepay income tax for the fourth quarter of 2008. In January 2009, the Company received a full refund of such prepaid income taxes.

The license fees and royalties received from licensees in various jurisdictions outside of the PRC are subject to withholding taxes. The Group recognized the withholding taxes as income tax expense related to foreign withholding taxes.

The New CIT Law also imposes a 10% withholding income tax for dividends distributed by a foreign invested enterprise to its immediate holding company outside China, which were exempted under the previous income tax laws and rules. A lower withholding tax rate will be applied if there is a tax treaty arrangement between mainland China and the jurisdiction of the foreign holding company. Holding companies in Hong Kong, for example, will be subject to a 5% rate. AmazGame is invested by an immediate foreign holding company in Hong Kong. The foreign invested enterprise will be subject to the withholding tax starting from January 1, 2008. If the Group is required under the New CIT Law to withhold PRC income tax on dividends payable to the Company’s non-PRC shareholders or any gains realized by these non-PRC shareholders from transfer of the shares, their investment in the Company’s shares may be materially and adversely affected. In the fourth quarter of 2008, in preparation for this offering, AmazGame declared a dividend to Changyou HK, its immediate holding company in Hong Kong, and accordingly a withholding tax of $5.0 million based on the 5% withholding tax rate was accrued. The Company decided that its foreign invested enterprises will not distribute any profit arising in year 2009 and beyond after the offering to their immediate foreign holding companies and will maintain such cash onshore to reinvest in its PRC operations.

Composition of income tax expense

The current and deferred portions of income tax expense included in the consolidated statements of operations are as follows (in thousands):

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
         2006            2007            2008      

Current income tax expense

   $ 161    $ 414    $ 2,371  

Foreign withholding tax expense

     —        38      5,972  

Deferred tax

     —        —        (237 )
                      

Income tax expense

   $ 161    $ 452    $ 8,106  
                      

Reconciliation between the statutory CIT rate and the Group’s effective tax rate is as follows:

 

     For the year ended December 31,  
         2006             2007             2008      

Statutory CIT rate

   33.0 %   33.0 %   25.0 %

Effect of tax holidays

   (313.7 )%   (110.9 )%   (26.3 )%

Effect of the withholding taxes

   —   %   0.7 %   5.1 %

Changes in valuation allowance

   248.3 %   (12.0 )%   3.9 %

Other permanent book-tax difference

   127.1 %   97.1 %   (0.7 )%
                  

Effective CIT rate

   94.7 %   7.9 %   7.0 %
                  

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

The combined effects of the income tax expense exemption and reduction available to us are as follows (in thousands, except per share data):

 

     For the year ended December 31,
         2006            2007            2008    

Tax holiday effect

   $ 548    $ 6,378    $ 30,574

Basic EPS

   $ 0.01    $ 0.07    $ 0.32

d. Deferred tax

Significant components of the Group’s deferred tax assets consist of the following (in thousands):

 

     As of December 31,  
     2006     2007     2008  

Deferred tax assets

      

Assets transfer as a result of the Reorganization

   $ —       $ —       $ 2,403  

Net operating loss from operations

   $ 682     $ —       $ 153  

Net operating loss from exercise of share-based awards

     10       —       $ —    

Share-based compensation

     45       106     $ 49  

Accrued compensation and benefits

     —         —         2,146  

Others

     18       88     $ 188  
                        

Total deferred tax assets

   $ 755     $ 194     $ 4,939  

Less: Valuation allowance

     (755 )     (194 )   $ (4,702 )
                        

Net deferred tax assets

   $ —       $ —       $ 237  
                        

The Group has made a full valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2006 and 2007. As of December 31, 2008, the Group has made a valuation allowance against its deferred tax assets to the extent such deferred tax assets are not expected to be realized by certain subsidiaries. The Group evaluated a variety of factors in determining the amount of the valuation allowance, including the Group’s limited operating history, uncertainty as to the success of the Group’s games due to intense competition in the online game industry.

12. CHINA CONTRIBUTION PLAN

The Company’s subsidiary and VIE in the PRC including the Predecessor Operations participate in a government-mandated multi-employer defined contribution plan pursuant to which certain retirement, medical and other welfare benefits are provided to employees. Chinese labor regulations require AmazGame and Gamease to pay to the local labor bureau a monthly contribution at a stated contribution rate based on the monthly basic compensation of qualified employees. The relevant local labor bureau is responsible for meeting all retirement benefit obligations; the Group has no further commitments beyond its monthly contribution. During the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the Group contributed a total of $472,000, $653,000 and $1,752,000, respectively, to these funds.

13. STATUTORY RESERVES

The Company’s subsidiary and the VIE in the PRC including the Predecessor Operations are required to make appropriations to reserves, comprising the statutory surplus reserve, statutory public welfare reserve and

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

discretionary surplus reserve, based on after-tax net income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC GAAP”). Appropriation to the statutory surplus reserve should be at least 10% of the after-tax net income determined in accordance with the legal requirements in the PRC until the reserve is equal to 50% of the entities’ registered capital. Appropriations to the statutory public welfare reserve and the discretionary surplus reserve are made at the discretion of the board of directors. The statutory public welfare reserve is established for the purpose of providing employee facilities and other collective benefits to the employees and is non-distributable other than in liquidation. Other statutory reserves are established for the purpose of offsetting accumulated losses, enlarging productions or increasing share capital.

For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, profit appropriation to statutory surplus reserve was approximately $nil, $458,000 and $5,290,000, respectively.

14. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted net income per share for the years indicated (in thousands except per share data):

 

     For the year ended December 31,
         2006            2007            2008    

Numerator:

        

Net income

   $ 9    $ 5,299    $ 107,986

Numerator for basic earnings per share

     9      5,299      107,986

Numerator for diluted earnings per share

     9      5,299      107,986

Denominator:

        

Weighted average basic ordinary shares outstanding—basic

     95,000      95,000      95,000

Dilutive effect of restricted share units

     —        —        —  
                    

Weighted average number of shares outstanding—diluted

     95,000      95,000      95,000
                    

Basic net income per share

   $ 0.00    $ 0.06    $ 1.14

Diluted net income per share

   $ 0.00    $ 0.06    $ 1.14

Restricted share units of 2,740,000 were excluded from the diluted earnings per share calculations for the year ended December 31, 2008 because they are contingent upon the completion of an initial public offering by the Company and that contingency had not been resolved as of December 31, 2008.

15. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS (IN THOUSANDS)

The table below sets forth the major related parties and their relationships with the Group:

 

Company name

  

Relationship with the Group

Sohu

   Under common control by Sohu.com

Beijing Pixel Software Technology Company Limited (“Pixel”)*

   An investee of the Company

 

*   This investee ceased to be a related party of the Company starting September 1, 2007, when the Company disposed its equity investment. Accordingly, since then, transactions with this party are not regarded as related party transactions.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

During the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, significant related party transactions were as follows:

 

       For the year ended
December 31,

Transaction with Sohu

   2006    2007    2008

Sales and marketing service provided by Sohu

   $ 571    $ 14,348    $ 19,194

Transfer of Sohu’s MMORPG assets and operation, net of associated liabilities assumed upon Reorganization

     —        9,888      —  

Corporate marketing and general administrative expenses allocated from Sohu

     1,261      3,923      11,321

Other service provided by Sohu

     —        203      66

Interest expense for short-term loan from Sohu

     —        61      245

 

       For the year ended
December 31,

Transaction with Pixel

   2006    2007    2008

Revenue-based royalty payment to Pixel

   $ 1,761    $ 949    $ —  

Amortization of licensing fee to Pixel

     69      —        —  

As of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the amounts due to related parties were as follows:

 

     As of December 31,
         2006            2007            2008    

Short-term loan from Sohu

   $ —      $ 4,950    $ 8,450

Due to Sohu (2008, mainly arising from expenses charged from Sohu for sales and marketing services provided to us and an allocation of Sohu’s shared advertising expenses; 2007, mainly arising from assets transferred from and services provided by Sohu)

     —        21,682      10,812

Due to Pixel

     224      —        —  

The short-term loans from Sohu of $8,450 at annual interest rates from 4.8% to 5.05% are for the establishment of AmazGame and working capital for Changyou HK. The loans are repayable within thirty days upon written notice from Sohu.

As of December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, the amounts due from related parties were as follows:

 

     As of December 31,
         2006            2007            2008    

Due from Sohu (mainly arising from customer advance collected by Sohu on behalf of the Group)

   $ —      $ 8,835    $ 8,535

The transactions are measured at the amount of consideration established and agreed to by the related parties which approximate amounts charged to third parties. Allocations from Sohu are based on a variety of factors and are dependent on the nature of the expenses being allocated. These balances are interest free and settleable on demand.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

16. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (IN THOUSANDS)

The Group has future rental commitments related to its bandwidth leasing charges and office rental charges:

 

         Bandwidth leasing            Office rental    

2009

   $ 1,418    $ 750

2010

     508      665

2011

     219      665

2012

     —        552

2013

     —        —  

Thereafter

     —        —  
             

Total minimum payments required

   $ 2,145    $ 2,632
             

Rental expenses, including bandwidth leasing charges and office rental charges, were approximately $450, $1,322 and $2,919 for the year ended December 31, 2006, 2007 and 2008, respectively, and were charged to the statement of operations when incurred.

The Group did not have any significant capital and other commitments or guarantees as of December 31, 2008.

The Group is not currently a party to any legal proceeding, investigation or claim which, in the opinion of our management, is likely to have a material adverse effect on the business, financial condition or results of operations.

The Group has not recorded any legal contingencies as of December 31, 2008.

17. RESTRICTED NET ASSETS

Relevant PRC laws and regulations permit payments of dividends by AmazGame and Gamease only out of their retained earnings, if any, as determined in accordance with PRC accounting standards and regulations. In addition, AmazGame and Gamease are required to annually appropriate 10% of net after-tax income to the statutory surplus reserve fund (see Note 13) prior to payment of any dividends, unless such reserve funds have reached 50% of their respective registered capital. As a result of these and other restrictions under PRC laws and regulations, AmazGame and Gamease are restricted in their ability to transfer a portion of their net assets to the Company either in the form of dividends, loans or advances of the Group’s total consolidated net assets as of December 31, 2008. Even though the Company currently does not require any such dividends, loans or advances from AmazGame and Gamease for working capital and other funding purposes, the Company may in the future require additional cash resources from AmazGame and Gamease due to changes in business conditions, to fund future acquisitions and development, or merely declare and pay dividends to or distribution to its shareholders.

18. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

a.

On January 15, 2009, 7,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares were issued to the Company’s CEO out of Sohu’s equity interest in lieu of a contingent right the CEO had to receive 25% of the value of Beijing Fire Fox.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

On January 15, 2009, the Company also issued an aggregate of 1,800,000 Class B restricted shares to certain of its executive officers for a purchase price per share of $0.01, or the par value per share.

On January 15, 2009 the Company also issued an aggregate of 940,000 Class B restricted share units to certain of its key employees.

 

b.

On February 17, 2009, the Company granted an aggregate of 456,000 Class A restricted share units (settleable upon vesting in Class A ordinary shares) to certain of its employees.

 

c.

On March 13, 2009, the Company exchanged the 1,800,000 Class B restricted shares held by its executive officers other than the CEO for Class B restricted share units (settleable in Class B ordinary shares) that otherwise have the same vesting and other terms as applied to the Class B restricted shares.

On March 16, 2009, the Company (i) increased its authorized ordinary shares from 109,774,000 to 297,740,000 ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share, with 200,000,000 of such shares designated as Class A ordinary shares and 97,740,000 of such shares designated as Class B ordinary shares, (ii) effected a ten-for-one split of outstanding Class B ordinary shares by way of a bonus share issuance of nine Class B ordinary shares for each Class B ordinary share then outstanding and nine Class B restricted shares for each Class B restricted share then outstanding and (iii) effected a corresponding adjustment in the number of Class A and Class B ordinary shares issuable upon vesting of Class A and Class B restricted share units then outstanding.

All shares and per share amounts presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements have been revised on a retroactive basis to give effect to the share split.

19. UNAUDITED PRO-FORMA BALANCE SHEET

The pro forma balance sheet as of December 31, 2008 presents an adjusted financial position as if the dividends of $96.8 million from the Company’s distributable profits before this offering, which the Company has indicated it intends to declare prior to the completion of this offering, were payable as of December 31, 2008.

20. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION—CONDENSED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

The condensed financial statements of Changyou.com Limited have been prepared in accordance with SEC Regulation S-X Rule 5-04 and Rule 12-04.

The Company records its investment in subsidiaries under the equity method of accounting as prescribed in APB Opinion No. 18, “The Equity Method of Accounting for Investments in Ordinary shares.” Such investment and long-term loans to subsidiaries are presented on the balance sheet as “Interests in subsidiaries and variable interests entities” and the profit of the subsidiaries is presented as “Equity in profit of subsidiaries and variable interest entities” on the statement of operations.

For the VIE where the Company is the primary beneficiary, the amount of the Company’s investment is included on the balance sheet as “Interests in subsidiaries and variable interest entities and the profit or loss of the VIE is included in “Equity in profit of subsidiaries and variable interest entities” on the statement of operations.

The footnote disclosures contain supplemental information relating to the operations of the Company and, as such, these statements should be read in conjunction with the notes to the Consolidated Financial

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

Statements of the Company. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP have been condensed or omitted.

As of December 31, 2007 and 2008, there were no material contingencies, significant provisions for long-term obligations, or guarantees of the Company, except for those which have been separately disclosed in the Consolidated Financial Statements, if any.

As of December 31, 2008, short-term loans from Sohu and related interest expenses were $8,450,000 and $306,000, respectively.

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

Financial information of Changyou.com Limited

Condensed Balance Sheets

(In thousands, except par value)

 

     As of December 31,  
     2007     2008     2008
Pro Forma
 
     US$     US$    

Unaudited

 
                

US$

 

Assets

      

Current assets:

      

Cash and bank deposits

   1     1     1  

Other receivable

   —       1,334     1,334  
                  

Total current assets

   1     1,335     1,335  

Interests in subsidiaries and variable interest entities

   5,156     112,899     112,899  
                  

Total assets

   5,157     114,234     114,234  
                  

Liabilities and shareholders’ equity

      

Accrued liabilities

   —       784     784  

Short-term loan from Sohu

   4,950     8,450     8,450  

Due to Sohu

   9,949     306     306  

Dividend payable

   —       —       96,800  
                  

Total liabilities

   14,899     9,540     106,340  
                  

Shareholders’ (deficit) equity

      

Class A ordinary shares par value $0.01, 200,000 authorized, nil issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007 and 2008

   —       —       —    

Class B ordinary shares par value $0.01, 97,740 authorized, 95,000 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2007 and 2008

   950     950     950  

Distribution in excess of additional paid-in capital

   (9,436 )   (4,059 )   (4,059 )

Statutory reserves

   458     5,748     5,748  

Receivables from shareholders

   —       (30 )   (30 )

(Accumulated deficit) Retained earnings

   (1,242 )   101,454     4,654  

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) gain

   (472 )   631     631  
                  

Total shareholders’ (deficit) equity

   (9,742 )   104,694     7,894  
                  

Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity

   5,157     114,234     114,234  
                  

 

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CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2006, 2007 AND 2008

 

Financial information of Changyou.com Limited

Condensed Statements of Operations

(In thousands)

 

     For the period
from inception to
December 31,
2007
    For the
year ended
December 31,
2008
 
      
     US$     US$  

Operating expenses:

    

General and administrative

   —       102  
            

Total operating expenses

   —       102  
            

Operating loss

   —       (102 )

Share of profit of subsidiaries and variable interest entities

   2,571     108,333  

Interest expense

   (61 )   (245 )
            

Income before income tax expense

   2,510     107,986  
            

Net income

   2,510     107,986  
            

Condensed Statement of Cash Flows

(In thousands)

 

     For the period
from inception to
December 31,

2007
    For the
year ended
December 31,
2008
 
      
     US$     US$  

Net cash used in operating activities

   —       —    

Net cash used in investing activities

   (5,000 )   (3,500 )

Net cash provided by financing activities

   5,001     3,500  
            

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

   1     —    
            

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year

   —       1  
            

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year

   1     1  
            

 

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LOGO


Table of Contents

 

 

 

7,500,000

American Depositary Shares

Representing 15,000,000 Class A Ordinary Shares

 

LOGO

Changyou.com Limited

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

 

Credit Suisse    Merrill Lynch & Co.

Citi

Susquehanna Financial Group, LLLP

                    , 2009

Through and including                     , 2009 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers effecting transactions in these securities, whether or not participating in this offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

 

 

 

 


Table of Contents

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

ITEM 6. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS.

Cayman Islands law does not limit the extent to which a company’s articles of association may provide for indemnification of officers and directors, except to the extent any such provision may be held by the Cayman Islands courts to be contrary to public policy, such as to provide indemnification against civil fraud or the consequences of committing a crime. Our Articles of Association provide for indemnification of officers and directors for losses, damages, costs and expenses incurred in their capacities as such, except through their own willful neglect or default.

Pursuant to the form of indemnification agreements filed as Exhibit to this registration statement, we will agree to indemnify our directors and officers against certain liabilities and expenses incurred by such persons in connection with claims made by reason of their being such a director or officer.

The Underwriting Agreement, the form of which is filed as Exhibit 1.1 to this registration statement, will also provide for indemnification of us and our officers and directors.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling us pursuant to the foregoing provisions, we have been informed that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

ITEM 7. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES.

During the past three years, we issued our securities as described below in transactions not required to be registered under the Securities Act. We believe that the issuances were exempt from registration under the Securities Act pursuant to Regulation S under the Securities Act because our securities qualify under “Category 1” in Rule 903 of Regulation S and (1) the issuances were made in offshore transactions (and we determined that the none of the persons to whom offers and sales were directed was a “U.S. person”) and (2) neither we nor any person acting on our behalf made any directed selling efforts in the United States. Share numbers have been adjusted to reflect (i) a hundred-for-one split of our ordinary shares effected in May 2008 and (ii) a ten-for-one split of our Class B ordinary shares effected in March 2009.

We issued 50,000,000 shares, to Sohu.com Limited, a subsidiary of Sohu, on the date of our incorporation in return for a capital contribution of $50,000.

In February 2008, Sohu.com Limited transferred 50,000,000 ordinary shares in us to Sohu.com (Game) Limited, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Sohu.com Inc.

In June 2008, we issued an additional 35,000,000 ordinary shares to Sohu.com (Game) Limited for a capital contribution of $35,000.

On December 31, 2008, Sohu.com (Game) Limited transferred 85,000,000 of our ordinary shares to us; we cancelled such 85,000,000 ordinary shares; and we issued 80,000,000 Class B ordinary shares to Sohu.com (Game) Limited.

On January 15, 2009, 7,000,000 Class B ordinary shares and 8,000,000 Class B restricted shares were issued to our CEO out of Sohu.com (Game) Limited’s equity interest in lieu of a contingent right the CEO had to receive 25% of the value of Beijing Fire Fox.

 

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Table of Contents

On January 15, 2009, we issued an aggregate of 1,800,000 Class B restricted shares to certain of our executive officers.

On January 15, 2009, we issued 940,000 Class B restricted share units (settleable upon vesting in Class B ordinary shares) to certain of our key employees.

On February 17, 2009, we granted an aggregate of 456,000 Class A restricted share units (settleable upon vesting in Class A ordinary shares) to certain of our employees.

On March 13, 2009, we exchanged the 1,800,000 Class B restricted shares held by our executive officers other than the CEO for Class B restricted share units (settleable upon vesting in Class B ordinary shares).

 

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form F-1 and has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in Beijing, People’s Republic of China, on March 17, 2009.

 

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

By:

 

/s/ Tao Wang

Name:   Tao Wang
Title:   Chief Executive Officer

 

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POWER OF ATTORNEY

Each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Tao Wang and Alex Ho as attorneys-in-fact with full power of substitution, for him or her in any and all capacities, to do any and all acts and all things and to execute any and all instruments which said attorney and agent may deem necessary or desirable to enable the registrant to comply with the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”), and any rules, regulations and requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder, in connection with the registration under the Act of ordinary shares of the registrant (the “Shares”), including, without limitation, the power and authority to sign the name of each of the undersigned in the capacities indicated below to the Registration Statement on Form F-1 to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to such Shares, to any and all amendments or supplements to such Registration Statement, whether such amendments or supplements are filed before or after the effective date of such Registration Statement, to any related Registration Statement filed pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Act, and to any and all instruments or documents filed as part of or in connection with such Registration Statement or any and all amendments thereto, whether such amendments are filed before or after the effective date of such Registration Statement; and each of the undersigned hereby ratifies and confirms all that such attorney and agent shall do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/s/ Tao Wang

Tao Wang

   Chief Executive Officer and Director     (principal executive officer)  

March 17, 2009

/s/ Alex Ho

Alex Ho

  

Chief Financial Officer

    (principal financial and principal accounting officer)

 

March 17, 2009

/s/ Charles Zhang

Charles Zhang

   Chairman of the Board of Directors  

March 17, 2009

 

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Table of Contents

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
Number

  

Description of Document

  1.1*    Form of Underwriting Agreement
  3.1    Second Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Registrant
  4.1*    Registrant’s Specimen American Depositary Receipt (included in Exhibit 4.3)
  4.2*    Registrant’s Specimen Certificate for Class A Ordinary Shares
  4.3*    Form of Deposit Agreement among the Registrant, the depositary and all registered holders and beneficial owners of the American Depositary Shares
  5.1    Form of Opinion of Campbells regarding the validity of the Class A Ordinary Shares being registered
  8.1    Form of Opinion of Goulston & Storrs, P.C. regarding certain U.S. tax matters
  8.2*    Opinion of Campbells regarding certain Cayman Islands tax matters
10.1    2008 Share Incentive Plan
10.2    Form of Indemnification Agreement with the Registrant’s directors
10.3    Form of Executive Employment Agreement with Executive Officers
10.4    Form of Executive Employee Non-Competition, Non-Solicitation Agreement, Confidential Information and Work Product Agreement with Executive Officers
10.5    Share Subscription Agreement between Registrant and Prominence Investments Limited
10.6    Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement with Executive Officers
10.7    Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement between Registrant and certain executive officers and employees
10.8    Form of Loan Agreements, dated August 20, 2008, between Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd (or AmazGame) and Tao Wang and between AmazGame and a Changyou employee (English Translation)
10.9    Form of Equity Interest Purchase Right Agreements, dated August 20, 2008, between AmazGame and Tao Wang and between AmazGame and a Changyou employee (English Translation)
10.10    Form of Equity Pledge Agreements, dated August 20, 2008, between AmazGame and Tao Wang and between AmazGame and a Changyou employee (English Translation)
10.11    Form of Powers of Attorney, dated August 20, 2008, by Tao Wang in favor of AmazGame and by a Changyou employee in favor of AmazGame (English Translation)
10.12    Business Operation Agreement, dated August 20, 2008, between AmazGame and Gamease, Tao Wang and a Changyou employee (English translation)
10.13    Services and Maintenance Agreement, dated November 30, 2007, between AmazGame and Gamease (English Translation)
10.14    Technology Support and Utilization Agreement, dated August 20, 2008, between AmazGame and Gamease (English Translation)†
10.15    Master Transaction Agreement, dated January 1, 2009, by and between Sohu.com Inc. and Changyou.com Limited (or Changyou)
10.16    Non-Competition Agreement, dated January 1, 2009, between Sohu.com Inc. and Changyou
10.17    Marketing Services Agreement, dated January 1, 2009, between Sohu.com Inc. and Changyou

 

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Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number

  

Description of Document

10.18    Asset Transfer Agreement, dated November 23, 2007, between Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd. (or Sohu Era) and AmazGame (English Translation)
10.19    Asset Transfer Agreement, dated November 23, 2007, between Sohu Era and Gamease (English Translation)
10.20    Service Transfer Agreement, effective as of December 1, 2007, between Sohu Era and Gamease (English Translation)
10.21    Technology Transfer Agreement, dated November 10, 2007, between Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co. Ltd. (or Beijing Fire Fox) and Gamease (English translation)
10.22    Trademark Assignment Agreement, dated November 28, 2007, between Beijing Fire Fox and Gamease (English translation)
10.23    TLBB License Agreement, dated March 30, 2007, among Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd. (or Sohu Internet), Beijing Fire Fox and FPT Telecom†
10.23.1    Supplement to Game License Agreement, dated December 1, 2007, among Sohu Internet, Beijing Fire Fox, Gamease and FPT Telecom
10.24    Operation Agreement effective as of August 23, 2007 between Gamease and Beijing Pixel Software Technology Co. Ltd. (English translation)
10.25    Trademark License Agreement, effective as of August 23, 2007, between Gamease and Beijing Pixel Software Technology Co. Ltd. (English Translation)
10.26    LAW Game Software License Agreement, dated December 3, 2007, between Gamease and Guangzhou No. 9 Art Network Technology Co. Ltd. (English Translation)†
10.27    TLBB License Agreement (Taiwan), dated December 25, 2007, between Gamease and (Taiwan) Zhi Guan Technology Co. Ltd. (English Translation)†
10.28    TLBB License Agreement (Hong Kong and Macau), dated December 5, 2007, between Gamease and Zhi Ao Online Games Group Co. Ltd. (English Translation)†
10.29    License Agreement regarding Immortal Faith, dated July 21, 2008, between Gamease and Beijing Game Top Software Co. Limited (English Translation)†
10.30    License Agreement between Gamease and Louis Cha regarding TLBB (English Translation)†
10.31    License Agreement between Gamease and Louis Cha regarding DMD (English Translation)†
10.32    License Agreement between Gamease and Louis Cha regarding TLBB (English Translation)†
10.33    Premises Lease Agreement, dated October 16, 2007, between AmazGame and Beijing Jing Yan Hotel Co. Ltd. (English Translation)
21.1    Subsidiaries of the Registrant
23.1    Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company, an Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
23.2    Consent of Campbells (included in Exhibit 5.1)
23.3    Consent of Goulston & Storrs, P.C. (included in Exhibit 8.1)
23.4    Consent of American Appraisal China Limited
23.5    Consent of Commerce and Finance (included in Exhibit 99.2)
23.6    Consent of International Data Corporation
24.1    Powers of Attorney (included on signature page)
99.1    Code of Ethics and Conduct for Directors, Officers and Employee
99.2    Opinion of Commerce and Finance Law Offices, counsel to Changyou, regarding certain PRC legal matters

 

*   To be filed by amendment.
  Portions of these exhibits have been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment, and the omitted information has been filed separately with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

II-6

Exhibit 3.1

THE COMPANIES LAW (2007 REVISION)

COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION OF

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

(Adopted by a special resolution passed on March 16, 2009)

 

1. The name of the Company is Changyou.com Limited.

 

2. The Registered Office of the Company shall be at the offices of Offshore Incorporations (Cayman) Limited, Scotia Centre, 4th Floor, P.O. Box 2804, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-1112, Cayman Islands or at such other place as the Directors may from time to time decide.

 

3. The objects for which the Company is established are unrestricted and shall include, but without limitation, the following:

 

            (a)

(i)

To carry on the business of an investment company and to act as promoters and entrepreneurs and to carry on business as financiers, capitalists, concessionaires, merchants, brokers, traders, dealers, agents, importers and exporters and to undertake and carry on and execute all kinds of investment, financial, commercial, mercantile, trading and other operations.

 

  (ii) To carry on whether as principals, agents or otherwise howsoever the business of realtors, developers, consultants, estate agents or managers, builders, contractors, engineers, manufacturers, dealers in or vendors of all types of property including services.

 

  (b) To exercise and enforce all rights and powers conferred by or incidental to the ownership of any shares, stock, obligations or other securities including without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing all such powers of veto or control as may be conferred by virtue of the holding by the Company of some special proportion of the issued or nominal amount thereof, to provide managerial and other executive, supervisory and consultant services for or in relation to any company in which the Company is interested upon such terms as may be thought fit.

 

  (c) To purchase or otherwise acquire, to sell, exchange, surrender, lease, mortgage, charge, convert, turn to account, dispose of and deal with real and personal property and rights of all kinds and, in particular, mortgages, debentures, produce, concessions, options, contracts, patents, annuities, licences, stocks, shares, bonds, policies, book debts, business concerns, undertakings, claims, privileges and choses in action of all kinds.

 

  (d) To subscribe for, conditionally or unconditionally, to underwrite, issue on commission or otherwise, take, hold, deal in and convert stocks, shares and securities of all kinds and to enter into partnership or into any arrangement for sharing profits, reciprocal concessions or cooperation with any person or company and to promote and aid in promoting, to constitute, form or organise any company, syndicate or partnership of any kind, for the purpose of acquiring and undertaking any property and liabilities of the Company or of advancing, directly or indirectly, the objects of the Company or for any other purpose which the Company may think expedient.


  (e) To stand surety for or to guarantee, support or secure the performance of all or any of the obligations of any person, firm or company whether or not related or affiliated to the Company in any manner and whether by personal covenant or by mortgage, charge or lien upon the whole or any part of the undertaking, property and assets of the Company, both present and future, including its uncalled capital or by any such method and whether or not the Company shall receive valuable consideration thereof.

 

  (f) To engage in or carry on any other lawful trade, business or enterprise which may at any time appear to the Directors of the Company capable of being conveniently carried on in conjunction with any of the aforementioned businesses or activities or which may appear to the Directors or the Company likely to be profitable to the Company.

 

   In the interpretation of this Memorandum of Association in general and of this Clause 3 in particular no object, business or power specified or mentioned shall be limited or restricted by reference to or inference from any other object, business or power, or the name of the Company, or by the juxtaposition of two or more objects, businesses or powers and that, in the event of any ambiguity in this clause or elsewhere in this Memorandum of Association, the same shall be resolved by such interpretation and construction as will widen and enlarge and not restrict the objects, businesses and powers of and exercisable by the Company.

 

4. Except as prohibited or limited by the Companies Law (2007 Revision), the Company shall have full power and authority to carry out any object and shall have and be capable of from time to time and at all times exercising any and all of the powers at any time or from time to time exercisable by a natural person or body corporate in doing in any part of the world whether as principal, agent, contractor or otherwise whatever may be considered by it necessary for the attainment of its objects and whatever else may be considered by it as incidental or conducive thereto or consequential thereon, including, but without in any way restricting the generality of the foregoing, the power to make any alterations or amendments to this Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association of the Company considered necessary or convenient in the manner set out in the Articles of Association of the Company, and the power to do any of the following acts or things, viz: to pay all expenses of and incidental to the promotion, formation and incorporation of the Company; to register the Company to do business in any other jurisdiction; to sell, lease or dispose of any property of the Company; to draw, make, accept, endorse, discount, execute and issue promissory notes, debentures, bills of exchange, bills of lading, warrants and other negotiable or transferable instruments; to lend money or other assets and to act as guarantors; to borrow or raise money on the security of the undertaking or on all or any of the assets of the Company including uncalled capital or without security; to invest monies of the Company in such manner as the Directors determine; to promote other companies; to sell the undertaking of the Company for cash or any other consideration; to distribute assets in specie to Members of the Company; to make charitable or benevolent donations; to pay pensions or gratuities or provide other benefits in cash or kind to Directors, officers, employees, past or present and their families; to purchase Directors and officers liability insurance and to carry on any trade or business and generally to do all acts and things which, in the opinion of the Company or the Directors, may be conveniently or profitably or usefully acquired and dealt with, carried on, executed or done by the Company in connection with the business aforesaid PROVIDED THAT the Company shall only carry on the businesses for which a licence is required under the laws of the Cayman Islands when so licensed under the terms of such laws.


5. The liability of each Member is limited to the amount from time to time unpaid on such Member’s shares.

 

6. The authorized share capital of the Company is US$2,977,400 divided into 297,740,000 shares, of which (i) 200,000,000 are designated Class A ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.01 per share and (ii) 97,740,000 are designated Class B ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.01 per share, with power for the Company, insofar as is permitted by law, to redeem or purchase any of its shares and to increase or reduce the said capital subject to the provisions of the Companies Law (2007 Revision) and the Articles of Association and to issue any part of its capital, whether original, redeemed or increased with or without any preference, priority or special privilege or subject to any postponement of rights or to any conditions or restrictions and so that unless the conditions of issue shall otherwise expressly declare every issue of shares whether declared to be preference or otherwise shall be subject to the powers hereinbefore contained PROVIDED ALWAYS that, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in this Memorandum of Association, the Company shall have no power to issue bearer shares, warrants, coupons or certificates.

 

7. If the Company is registered as exempted, its operations will be carried on subject to the provisions of Section 193 of the Companies Law (2007 Revision) and, subject to the provisions of the Companies Law (2007 Revision) and the Articles of Association, it shall have the power to register by way of continuation as a body corporate limited by shares under the laws of any jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands and to be deregistered in the Cayman Islands.


THE COMPANIES LAW (2007 REVISION)

COMPANY LIMITED BY SHARES

SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED

ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION

OF

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

(Adopted by a special resolution passed on March 16, 2009)

 

1. In these Articles Table A in the Schedule to the Statute does not apply and, unless there be something in the subject or context inconsistent therewith,

 

  “Affiliate”    means (i) in the case of a natural person, such person’s parents, parents-in-law, spouse, children or grandchildren, a trust for the benefit of any of the foregoing, a company, partnership or any natural person or entity wholly or jointly owned by any of the foregoing, (ii) in the case of an entity, a partnership, a corporation or any natural person or entity which directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such entity. The term “control” shall mean the ownership, directly or indirectly, of shares possessing more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting power of the corporation, or the partnership or other entity (other than, in the case of corporation, share having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency), or having the power to control the management or elect a majority of members to the board of directors or equivalent decision-making body of such corporation, partnership or other entity.
  “Articles”    means the Second Amended and Restated Articles adopted by Special Resolution, as from time to time altered or added to in accordance with the Statute and these Articles.
  “Auditors”    means the persons for the time being performing the duties of auditors of the Company.
  “Class A Ordinary

Share”

   means a Class A Ordinary Share in the capital of the Company.
  “Class B Ordinary

Share”

   means a Class B Ordinary Share in the capital of the Company.
  “Company”    means Changyou.com Limited.
  “debenture”    means debenture stock, mortgages, bonds and any other such securities of the Company whether constituting a charge on the assets of the Company or not.


  “Directors”    means the directors for the time being of the Company.
  “dividend”    includes bonus.
  “Member”    shall bear the meaning as ascribed to it in the Statute.
  “month”    means calendar month.
  “Ordinary

Resolution”

   means a resolution passed by Members holding a simple majority of all the Members’ votes who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting.
  “Ordinary Shares”    means collectively the Class A Ordinary Shares and the Class B Ordinary Shares.
  “paid-up”    means paid-up and/or credited as paid-up.
  “registered office”    means the registered office for the time being of the Company.
  “Seal”    means the common seal of the Company and includes every duplicate seal.
  “Secretary”    includes an Assistant Secretary and any person appointed to perform the duties of Secretary of the Company.
  “share”    includes a fraction of a share.
  “Special Resolution”    means a resolution passed by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the votes cast by the Members who, being entitled to do so, vote in person or, where proxies are allowed, by proxy at a general meeting of which notice specifying the intention to propose the resolution as a special resolution has been duly given in the manner set forth in these Articles.
  “Statute”    means the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands as amended and every statutory modification or re-enactment thereof for the time being in force.
  “written” and “in

writing”

   include all modes of representing or reproducing words in visible form.

 

2. In these Articles, save where the context requires otherwise:

 

  (a) words importing the singular number shall include the plural number and vice versa;

 

  (b) words importing the masculine gender only shall include the feminine gender;

 

  (c) words importing persons only shall include companies or associations or bodies of persons, whether corporate or not;


  (d) “may” shall be construed as permissive and “shall” or “will” shall be construed as imperative;

 

  (e) a reference to a dollar or dollars (or US$) is a reference to dollars of the United States of America;

 

  (f) references to a statutory enactment shall include reference to any amendment or re-enactment thereof for the time being in force; and

 

  (g) any phrase introduced by the terms “including”, “include”, “in particular” or any similar expression shall be construed as illustrative and shall not limit the sense of the words preceding those terms.

 

3. Subject to the last two preceding Articles, any words defined in the Statute shall, if not inconsistent with the subject or context, bear the same meaning in these Articles.

CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES

 

4. Certificates representing shares of the Company shall be in such form as shall be determined by the Directors. Such certificates may be under Seal. All certificates for shares shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified and shall specify the shares to which they relate. The name and address of the person to whom the shares represented thereby are issued, with the number of shares and date of issue, shall be entered in the register of Members of the Company. All certificates surrendered to the Company for transfer shall be cancelled and no new certificate shall be issued until the former certificate for a like number of shares shall have been surrendered and cancelled. The Directors may authorise certificates to be issued with the seal and authorised signature(s) affixed by some method or system of mechanical process.

 

5. Notwithstanding Article 4 of these Articles, if a share certificate be defaced, lost or destroyed, it may be renewed on payment of a fee of one dollar (US$1.00) or such less sum and on such terms (if any) as to evidence and indemnity and the payment of the expenses incurred by the Company in investigating evidence, as the Directors may prescribe.

ISSUE OF SHARES

 

6. Subject to the provisions, if any, in that behalf in the Memorandum of Association and to any direction that may be given by the Company in general meeting and without prejudice to any special rights previously conferred on the holders of existing shares, the Directors may allot, issue, grant options over or otherwise dispose of shares of the Company (including fractions of a share) with or without preferred, deferred or other special rights or restrictions, whether in regard to dividend, voting, return of capital or otherwise and to such persons, at such times and on such other terms as they think proper PROVIDED ALWAYS that, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in these Articles of Association, the Company shall be precluded from issuing bearer shares, warrants, coupons or certificates.

 

7.

The authorized share capital of the Company is US$2,977,400 divided into 297,740,000 Ordinary Shares, of which (i) 200,000,000 are designated Class A Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.01 per share and (ii) 97,740,000 are designated Class B Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.01 per share, with power for the Company, insofar as is permitted by law, to redeem or purchase any of its shares and to increase or reduce the said capital subject to the provisions of the Companies Law (2007 Revision) and the Articles of Association and to issue any part of its capital, whether original,


 

redeemed or increased with or without any preference, priority or special privilege or subject to any postponement of rights or to any conditions or restrictions and so that unless the conditions of issue shall otherwise expressly declare every issue of shares whether declared to be preference or otherwise shall be subject to the powers hereinbefore contained.

 

8. The rights and restrictions attaching to the Ordinary Shares are as follows:

 

  (a) Income

 

     Holders of Ordinary Shares shall be entitled to such dividends as the Directors may in their absolute discretion lawfully declare from time to time.

 

  (b) Capital

 

     Holders of Ordinary Shares shall be entitled to a return of capital on liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Company (other than on a conversion, redemption or purchase of shares, or an equity financing or series of financings that do not constitute the sale of all or substantially all of the shares of the Company).

 

  (c) Attendance at General Meetings and Voting

 

     Holders of Ordinary Shares have the right to receive notice of, attend, speak and vote at general meetings of the Company. Holders of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares shall at all time vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote for Members’ consent. Each Class A Ordinary Share shall be entitled to one (1) vote on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of the Company, and each Class B Ordinary Share shall be entitled to ten (10) votes on all matters subject to the vote at general meetings of the Company.

 

  (d) Conversion

 

  (i) Each Class B Ordinary Share that is not subject to vesting is convertible into one (1) Class A Ordinary Share at any time by the holder thereof. In no event shall Class A Ordinary Shares be convertible into Class B Ordinary Shares.

 

  (ii) Upon any repurchase by the Company from a holder of Class B Ordinary Shares which were subject to vesting or upon the expiration or termination of any restricted share units, which if vested would be settled in Class B Ordinary Shares, without having been settled in full in Class B Ordinary Shares, such Class B Ordinary Shares so repurchased or underlying such expired or terminated restricted share units shall be automatically and immediately converted into an equal number of Class A Ordinary Shares;

 

  (iii)

The Company shall give effect to any conversion pursuant to Article 8(d) by redeeming the Class B Ordinary Shares and in consideration therefor issuing fully-paid Class A Ordinary Shares in equal number. The Class B Ordinary Shares converted into Class A Ordinary Shares pursuant to Article 8(d) shall be cancelled and may not be reissued. The Company shall at all times keep available out of its authorized but unissued Class A Ordinary Shares, solely for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the Class B Ordinary Shares, such number of its


 

Class A Ordinary Shares as shall from time to time be sufficient to effect the conversion of all outstanding Class B Ordinary Shares, and if at any time the number of authorized but unissued Class A Ordinary Shares is not sufficient to effect the conversion of all then outstanding Class B Ordinary Shares, the Company shall take such corporate action as may, in accordance with the Articles and the Statute, be necessary to increase its authorized but unissued Class A Ordinary Shares to such number of shares as shall be sufficient for such purposes.

 

  (e) Restriction on Disposition of Class B Ordinary Shares

 

  (i) No sale, pledge, transfer, assignment or other disposition, including any transfer of all or part of an economic interest in, Class B Ordinary Shares by a holder thereof will be permitted other than to a person or entity which is an Affiliate of such holder, or to an Affiliate of the Company.

 

  (ii) Any attempted or purported sale, pledge, transfer, assignment or other disposition of Class B Ordinary Shares, except as otherwise permitted pursuant to Article 8(e)(i) hereof, will be void and of no force or effect.

 

9. The Company shall maintain a register of its Members and every person whose name is entered as a Member in the register of Members shall be entitled without payment to receive within two months after allotment or lodgement of transfer (or within such other period as the conditions of issue shall provide) one certificate for all his shares or several certificates each for one or more of his shares upon payment of fifty cents (US$0.50) for every certificate after the first or such less sum as the Directors shall from time to time determine provided that in respect of a share or shares held jointly by several persons the Company shall not be bound to issue more than one certificate and delivery of a certificate for a share to one of the several joint holders shall be sufficient delivery to all such holders.

TRANSFER OF SHARES

 

10. The instrument of transfer of any share shall be in writing and shall be executed by or on behalf of the transferor and the transferor shall be deemed to remain the holder of a share until the name of the transferee is entered in the register in respect thereof.

 

11. The Directors may in their absolute discretion decline to register any transfer of shares without assigning any reason therefor and the Directors shall refuse to register a share transfer which does not comply with Article 8(e). If the Directors refuse to register a transfer they shall notify the transferee within two months of such refusal.

 

12. The registration of transfers may be suspended at such time and for such periods as the Directors may from time to time determine, provided always that such registration shall not be suspended for more than 45 days in any year.

REDEEMABLE SHARES

 

13.      

(a)

Subject to the provisions of the Statute and the Memorandum of Association, shares may be issued on the terms that they are, or at the option of the Company or the holder are, to be redeemed on such terms and in such manner as the Company, before the issue of the shares, may by Special Resolution determine.


  (b) Subject to the provisions of the Statute and the Memorandum of Association, the Company may purchase its own shares (including fractions of a share), including any redeemable shares, provided that the form of any agreement, the identity of any Member, and the terms of purchase are such as prescribed by the Directors in their complete and unfettered discretion and may make payment therefor in any manner authorised by the Statute, including out of capital.

VARIATION OF RIGHTS OF SHARES

 

14. If at any time the share capital of the Company is divided into different classes of shares, the rights attached to any class (unless otherwise provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class) may, whether or not the Company is being wound up, be varied with the consent in writing of the holders of shares in aggregate carrying three-fourths of the voting rights of that class, or with the sanction of a Special Resolution passed at a general meeting of the holders of the shares of that class.

 

   The provisions of these Articles relating to general meetings shall apply to every such general meeting of the holders of one class of shares except that the necessary quorum shall be one or more persons holding or representing by proxy shares in aggregate carrying at least half of the voting rights of the class and that any holder of shares of the class present in person or by proxy may demand a poll.

 

15. The rights conferred upon the holders of the shares of any class issued with preferred or other rights shall not, unless otherwise expressly provided by the terms of issue of the shares of that class, be deemed to be varied by the creation or issue of further shares ranking pari passu therewith.

COMMISSION ON SALE OF SHARES

 

16. The Company may in so far as the Statute from time to time permits pay a commission to any person in consideration of his subscribing or agreeing to subscribe whether absolutely or conditionally for any shares of the Company. Such commissions may be satisfied by the payment of cash or the lodgement of fully or partly paid-up shares or partly in one way and partly in the other. The Company may also on any issue of shares pay such brokerage as may be lawful.

NON-RECOGNITION OF TRUSTS

 

17. No person shall be recognised by the Company as holding any share upon any trust and the Company shall not be bound by or be compelled in any way to recognise (even when having notice thereof) any equitable, contingent, future, or partial interest in any share, or any interest in any fractional part of a share, or (except only as is otherwise provided by these Articles or the Statute) any other rights in respect of any share except an absolute right to the entirety thereof in the registered holder.

LIEN ON SHARES

 

18.

The Company shall have a first and paramount lien and charge on all shares (whether fully paid-up or not) registered in the name of a Member (whether solely or jointly with others) for all debts, liabilities or engagements to or with the Company (whether presently payable or not) by such Member or his estate, either alone or jointly with any other person, whether a Member or not, but the Directors may at any time declare any share to be wholly or in part exempt from the provisions of this


 

Article. The registration of a transfer of any such share shall operate as a waiver of the Company’s lien (if any) thereon. The Company’s lien (if any) on a share shall extend to all dividends or other monies payable in respect thereof.

 

19. The Company may sell, in such manner as the Directors think fit, any shares on which the Company has a lien, but no sale shall be made unless a sum in respect of which the lien exists is presently payable, nor until the expiration of fourteen days after a notice in writing stating and demanding payment of such part of the amount in respect of which the lien exists as is presently payable, has been given to the registered holder or holders for the time being of the share, or the person, of which the Company has notice, entitled thereto by reason of his death or bankruptcy.

 

20. To give effect to any such sale the Directors may authorise some person to transfer the shares sold to the purchaser thereof. The purchaser shall be registered as the holder of the shares comprised in any such transfer, and he shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, nor shall his title to the shares be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings in reference to the sale.

 

21. The proceeds of such sale shall be received by the Company and applied in payment of such part of the amount in respect of which the lien exists as is presently payable and the residue, if any, shall (subject to a like lien for sums not presently payable as existed upon the shares before the sale) be paid to the person entitled to the shares at the date of the sale.

CALL ON SHARES

 

22.      

(a)

The Directors may from time to time make calls upon the Members in respect of any monies unpaid on their shares (whether on account of the nominal value of the shares or by way of premium or otherwise) and not by the conditions of allotment thereof made payable at fixed terms, provided that no call shall be payable at less than one month from the date fixed for the payment of the last preceding call, and each Member shall (subject to receiving at least fourteen days notice specifying the time or times of payment) pay to the Company at the time or times so specified the amount called on the shares. A call may be revoked or postponed as the Directors may determine. A call may be made payable by instalments.

 

  (b) A call shall be deemed to have been made at the time when the resolution of the Directors authorizing such call was passed.

 

  (c) The joint holders of a share shall be jointly and severally liable to pay all calls in respect thereof.

 

23. If a sum called in respect of a share is not paid before or on a day appointed for payment thereof, the persons from whom the sum is due shall pay interest on the sum from the day appointed for payment thereof to the time of actual payment at such rate not exceeding ten per cent per annum as the Directors may determine, but the Directors shall be at liberty to waive payment of such interest either wholly or in part.

 

24. Any sum which by the terms of issue of a share becomes payable on allotment or at any fixed date, whether on account of the nominal value of the share or by way of premium or otherwise, shall for the purposes of these Articles be deemed to be a call duly made, notified and payable on the date on which by the terms of issue the same becomes payable, and in the case of non-payment all the relevant provisions of these Articles as to payment of interest forfeiture or otherwise shall apply as if such sum had become payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified.


25. The Directors may, on the issue of shares, differentiate between the holders as to the amount of calls or interest to be paid and the times of payment.

 

26.      

(a)

The Directors may, if they think fit, receive from any Member willing to advance the same, all or any part of the monies uncalled and unpaid upon any shares held by him, and upon all or any of the monies so advanced may (until the same would but for such advances, become payable) pay interest at such rate not exceeding (unless the Company in general meeting shall otherwise direct) seven per cent per annum, as may be agreed upon between the Directors and the Member paying such sum in advance.

 

  (b) No such sum paid in advance of calls shall entitle the Member paying such sum to any portion of a dividend declared in respect of any period prior to the date upon which such sum would, but for such payment, become presently payable.

FORFEITURE OF SHARES

 

27.      

(a)

If a Member fails to pay any call or instalment of a call or to make any payment required by the terms of issue on the day appointed for payment thereof, the Directors may, at any time thereafter during such time as any part of the call, instalment or payment remains unpaid, give notice requiring payment of so much of the call, instalment or payment as is unpaid, together with any interest which may have accrued and all expenses that have been incurred by the Company by reason of such non-payment. Such notice shall name a day (not earlier than the expiration of fourteen days from the date of giving of the notice) on or before which the payment required by the notice is to be made, and shall state that, in the event of non-payment at or before the time appointed the shares in respect of which such notice was given will be liable to be forfeited.

 

  (b) If the requirements of any such notice as aforesaid are not complied with, any share in respect of which the notice has been given may at any time thereafter, before the payment required by the notice has been made, be forfeited by a resolution of the Directors to that effect. Such forfeiture shall include all dividends declared in respect of the forfeited share and not actually paid before the forfeiture.

 

  (c) A forfeited share may be sold or otherwise disposed of on such terms and in such manner as the Directors think fit and at any time before a sale or disposition the forfeiture may be cancelled on such terms as the Directors think fit.

 

28. A person whose shares have been forfeited shall cease to be a Member in respect of the forfeited shares, but shall, notwithstanding, remain liable to pay to the Company all monies which, at the date of forfeiture were payable by him to the Company in respect of the shares together with interest thereon, but his liability shall cease if and when the Company shall have received payment in full of all monies whenever payable in respect of the shares.

 

29.

A certificate in writing under the hand of one Director or the Secretary of the Company that a share in the Company has been duly forfeited on a date stated in the declaration shall be conclusive evidence of the fact therein stated as against all persons claiming to be entitled to the share. The Company may receive the consideration given for the share on any sale or disposition thereof and may execute a transfer of the share in favour of the person to whom the share is sold or disposed of and he shall


 

thereupon be registered as the holder of the share and shall not be bound to see to the application of the purchase money, if any, nor shall his title to the share be affected by any irregularity or invalidity in the proceedings in reference to the forfeiture, sale or disposal of the share.

 

30. The provisions of these Articles as to forfeiture shall apply in the case of non-payment of any sum which, by the terms of issue of a share, becomes payable at a fixed time, whether on account of the nominal value of the share or by way of premium as if the same had been payable by virtue of a call duly made and notified.

REGISTRATION OF EMPOWERING INSTRUMENTS

 

31. The Company shall be entitled to charge a fee not exceeding one dollar (US$1.00) on the registration of every probate, letters of administration, certificate of death or marriage, power of attorney, notice in lieu of distringas, or other instrument.

TRANSMISSION OF SHARES

 

32. In case of the death of a Member, the survivor or survivors where the deceased was a joint holder, and the legal personal representatives of the deceased where he was a sole holder, shall be the only persons recognised by the Company as having any title to his interest in the shares, but nothing herein contained shall release the estate of any such deceased holder from any liability in respect of any shares which had been held by him solely or jointly with other persons.

 

33.      

(a)

Any person becoming entitled to a share in consequence of the death or bankruptcy or liquidation or dissolution of a Member (or in any other way than by transfer) may, upon such evidence being produced as may from time to time be required by the Directors and subject as hereinafter provided, elect either to be registered himself as holder of the share or to make such transfer of the share to such other person nominated by him as the deceased or bankrupt person could have made and to have such person registered as the transferee thereof, but the Directors shall, in either case, have the same right to decline or suspend registration as they would have had in the case of a transfer of the share by that Member before his death or bankruptcy as the case may be.

 

  (b) If the person so becoming entitled shall elect to be registered himself as holder he shall deliver or send to the Company a notice in writing signed by him stating that he so elects.

 

34. A person becoming entitled to a share by reason of the death or bankruptcy or liquidation or dissolution of the holder (or in any other case than by transfer) shall be entitled to the same dividends and other advantages to which he would be entitled if he were the registered holder of the share, except that he shall not, before being registered as a Member in respect of the share, be entitled in respect of it to exercise any right conferred by membership in relation to meetings of the Company PROVIDED HOWEVER that the Directors may at any time give notice requiring any such person to elect either to be registered himself or to transfer the share and if the notice is not complied with within ninety days the Directors may thereafter withhold payment of all dividends, bonuses or other monies payable in respect of the share until the requirements of the notice have been complied with.


AMENDMENT OF MEMORANDUM OF ASSOCIATION, CHANGE OF LOCATION OF

REGISTERED OFFICE & ALTERATION OF CAPITAL

 

35.      

(a)

Subject to and in so far as permitted by the provisions of the Statute, the Company may from time to time by ordinary resolution alter or amend its Memorandum of Association otherwise than with respect to its name and objects and may, without restricting the generality of the foregoing:

 

  (i) increase the share capital by such sum to be divided into shares of such amount or without nominal or par value as the resolution shall prescribe and with such rights, priorities and privileges annexed thereto, as the Company in general meeting may determine.

 

  (ii) consolidate and divide all or any of its share capital into shares of larger amount than its existing shares;

 

  (iii) by subdivision of its existing shares or any of them divide the whole or any part of its share capital into shares of smaller amount than is fixed by the Memorandum of Association or into shares without nominal or par value;

 

  (iv) cancel any shares which at the date of the passing of the resolution have not been taken or agreed to be taken by any person.

 

  (b) All new shares created hereunder shall be subject to the same provisions with reference to the payment of calls, liens, transfer, transmission, and forfeiture and otherwise as the shares in the original share capital.

 

  (c) Subject to the provisions of the Statute, the Company may by Special Resolution change its name or alter its objects.

 

  (d) Without prejudice to Article 13 hereof and subject to the provisions of the Statute, the Company may by Special Resolution reduce its share capital and any capital redemption reserve fund.

 

  (e) Subject to the provisions of the Statute, the Company may by resolution of the Directors change the location of its registered office.

CLOSING REGISTER OF MEMBERS OR FIXING RECORD DATE

 

36. For the purpose of determining Members entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of Members or any adjournment thereof, or Members entitled to receive payment of any dividend, or in order to make a determination of Members for any other proper purpose, the Directors of the Company may provide that the register of Members shall be closed for transfers for a stated period but not to exceed in any case 40 days, If the register of Members shall be so closed for the purpose of determining Members entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of Members such register shall be so closed for at least ten days immediately preceding such meeting and the record date for such determination shall be the date of the closure of the register of Members.

 

37. In lieu of or apart from closing the register of Members, the Directors may fix in advance a date as the record date for any such determination of Members entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of the Members and for the purpose of determining the Members entitled to receive payment of any dividend the Directors may, at or within 90 days prior to the date of declaration of such dividend fix a subsequent date as the record date for such determination.


38. If the register of Members is not so closed and no record date is fixed for the determination of Members entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of Members or Members entitled to receive payment of a dividend, the date on which notice of the meeting is mailed or the date on which the resolution of the Directors declaring such dividend is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date for such determination of Members. When a determination of Members entitled to vote at any meeting of Members has been made as provided in this section, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof.

GENERAL MEETING

 

39.      

(a)

Subject to paragraph (c) hereof, the Company shall within one year of its incorporation and in each year of its existence thereafter hold a general meeting as its annual general meeting and shall specify the meeting as such in the notices calling it. The annual general meeting shall be held at such time and place as the Directors shall appoint and if no other time and place is prescribed by them, it shall be held at the registered office on the second Wednesday in December of each year at ten o’clock in the morning.

 

  (b) At these meetings the report of the Directors (if any) shall be presented.

 

  (c) If the Company is exempted as defined in the Statute it may but shall not be obliged to hold an annual general meeting.

 

40.      

(a)

The Directors may whenever they think fit, and they shall on the requisition of Members of the Company holding at the date of the deposit of the requisition not less than half of such of the paid-up capital of the Company as at the date of the deposit carries the right of voting at general meetings of the Company, proceed to convene a general meeting of the Company.

 

  (b) The requisition must state the objects of the meeting and must be signed by the requisitionists and deposited at the registered office of the Company and may consist of several documents in like form each signed by one or more requisitionists.

 

  (c) If the Directors do not within 21 days from the date of the deposit of the requisition duly proceed to convene a general meeting, the requisitionists, or any of them representing more than one-half of the total voting rights of all of them, may themselves convene a general meeting, but any meeting so convened shall not be held after the expiration of three months after the expiration of the said 21 days.

 

  (d) A general meeting convened as aforesaid by requisitionists shall be convened in the same manner as nearly as possible as that in which general meetings are to be convened by Directors.

NOTICE OF GENERAL MEETINGS

 

41. At least five days notice shall be given of an annual general meeting or any other general meeting. Every notice shall be exclusive of the day on which it is given or deemed to be given and of the day for which it is given and shall specify the place, the day and the hour of the meeting and the general nature of the business and shall be given in manner hereinafter mentioned or in such other manner if any as may be prescribed by the Company PROVIDED that a general meeting of the Company shall, whether or not the notice specified in this regulation has been given and whether or not the provisions of Article 40 have been complied with, be deemed to have been duly convened if it is so agreed to be called as an annual general meeting by all the Members entitled to attend and vote thereat or their proxies.


42. The accidental omission to give notice of a general meeting to, or the non-receipt of notice of a meeting by, any person entitled to receive notice shall not invalidate the proceedings of that meeting.

PROCEEDINGS AT GENERAL MEETINGS

 

43. No business shall be transacted at any general meeting unless a quorum of Members is present at the time when the meeting proceeds to business; at any general meeting of the Company, the Members holding shares carrying half of the voting rights of the total paid-up shares entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall form a quorum; provided always that if the Company has one Member of record the quorum shall be that one Member present in person or by proxy.

 

44. A resolution (including a Special Resolution) in writing (in one or more counterparts) signed by all Members for the time being entitled to receive notice of and to attend and vote at general meetings (or being corporations by their duly authorised representatives) shall be as valid and effective as if the same had been passed at a general meeting of the Company duly convened and held.

 

45. If within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting a quorum is not present, the meeting, if convened upon the requisition of Members, shall be dissolved and in any other case it shall stand adjourned to the same day in the next week at the same time and place or to such other time or such other place as the Directors may determine and if at the adjourned meeting a quorum is not present within half an hour from the time appointed for the meeting the Members present shall be a quorum.

 

46. The Chairman, if any, of the Board of Directors shall preside as Chairman at every general meeting of the Company, or if there is no such Chairman, or if he shall not be present within fifteen minutes after the time appointed for the holding of the meeting, or is unwilling to act, the Directors present shall elect one of their number to be Chairman of the meeting.

 

47. If at any general meeting no Director is willing to act as Chairman or if no Director is present within fifteen minutes after the time appointed for holding the meeting, the Members present shall choose one of their number to be Chairman of the meeting.

 

48. The Chairman may, with the consent of any general meeting duly constituted hereunder, and shall if so directed by the meeting, adjourn the meeting from time to time and from place to place, but no business shall be transacted at any adjourned meeting other than the business left unfinished at the meeting from which the adjournment took place. When a general meeting is adjourned for 30 days or more, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given as in the case of an original meeting; save as aforesaid it shall not be necessary to give any notice of an adjournment or of the business to be transacted at an adjourned general meeting.

 

49. At any general meeting a resolution put to the vote of the meeting shall be decided on a poll conducted by the Chairman.


50. Except as provided in Article 52, a poll shall be taken in such manner as the Chairman directs and the result of the poll shall be deemed to be the resolution of the general meeting at which the poll was demanded.

 

51. In the case of an equality of votes on a poll, the Chairman of the general meeting at which the poll is demanded shall be entitled to a second or casting vote.

 

52. A poll demanded on the election of a Chairman or on a question of adjournment shall be taken forthwith. A poll demanded on any other question shall be taken at such time as the Chairman of the general meeting directs and any business other than that upon which a poll has been demanded or is contingent thereon may be proceeded with pending the taking of the poll.

VOTES OF MEMBERS

 

53. Subject to any rights or restrictions for the time being attached to any class or classes of shares, on a poll, every Member of record holding Class A Ordinary Shares present in person or by proxy shall have one (1) vote for each Class A Ordinary Share registered in his name in the register of Members and every Member of record holding Class B Ordinary Shares present in person or by proxy shall have ten (10) votes for each Class B Ordinary Share registered in his name in the register of Members.

 

54. In the case of joint holders of record the vote of the senior who tenders a vote, whether in person or by proxy, shall be accepted to the exclusion of the votes of the other joint holders, and for this purpose seniority shall be determined by the order in which the names stand in the register of Members.

 

55. A Member of unsound mind, or in respect of whom an order has been made by any court, having jurisdiction in lunacy, may vote by his committee, receiver, curator bonis, or other person in the nature of a committee, receiver or curator bonis appointed by that court, and any such committee, receiver, curator bonis or other persons may vote by proxy.

 

56. No Member shall be entitled to vote at any general meeting unless he is registered as a shareholder of the Company on the record date for such meeting nor unless all calls or other sums presently payable by him in respect of shares in the Company have been paid.

 

57. No objection shall be raised to the qualification of any voter except at the general meeting or adjourned general meeting at which the vote objected to is given or tendered and every vote not disallowed at such general meeting shall be valid for all purposes. Any such objection made in due time shall be referred to the Chairman of the general meeting whose decision shall be final and conclusive.

 

58. On a poll votes may be given either personally or by proxy.

PROXIES

 

59. The instrument appointing a proxy shall be in writing and shall be executed under the hand of the appointor or of his attorney duly authorised in writing, or, if the appointor is a corporation under the hand of an officer or attorney duly authorised in that behalf. A proxy need not be a Member of the Company.


60. The instrument appointing a proxy shall be deposited at the registered office of the Company or at such other place as is specified for that purpose in the notice convening the meeting no later than the time for holding the meeting, or adjourned meeting provided that the Chairman of the Meeting may at his discretion direct that an instrument of proxy shall be deemed to have been duly deposited upon receipt of fax or e-mail confirmation from the appointor that the instrument of proxy duly signed is in the course of transmission to the Company.

 

61. The instrument appointing a proxy may be in any usual or common form and may be expressed to be for a particular meeting or any adjournment thereof or generally until revoked. An instrument appointing a proxy shall be deemed to include the power to demand or join or concur in demanding a poll.

 

62. A vote given in accordance with the terms of an instrument of proxy shall be valid notwithstanding the previous death or insanity of the principal or revocation of the proxy or of the authority under which the proxy was executed, or the transfer of the share in respect of which the proxy is given provided that no intimation in writing of such death, insanity, revocation or transfer as aforesaid shall have been received by the Company at the registered office before the commencement of the general meeting, or adjourned meeting at which it is sought to use the proxy.

 

63. Any corporation which is a Member of record of the Company may in accordance with its Articles or in the absence of such provision by resolution of its Directors or other governing body authorise such person as it thinks fit to act as its representative at any meeting of the Company or of any class of Members of the Company, and the person so authorised shall be entitled to exercise the same powers on behalf of the corporation which he represents as the corporation could exercise if it were an individual Member of record of the Company.

 

64. Shares of its own capital belonging to the Company or held by it in a fiduciary capacity shall not be voted, directly or indirectly, at any meeting and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time.

DIRECTORS

 

65. There shall be a Board of Directors consisting of not less than one or more than twelve persons (exclusive of alternate Directors) PROVIDED HOWEVER that the Company may from time to time by ordinary resolution increase or reduce the limits in the number of Directors. The Directors of the Company shall be in the first place determined in writing by, or appointed by a resolution of, the subscribers of the Memorandum of Association or a majority of them and thereafter elected and appointed in accordance with Articles 95 and 96 hereof, and shall hold office until their successors are duly elected or appointed or until their resignation or removal under Article 94 hereof.

 

66. The remuneration to be paid to the Directors shall be such remuneration as the Directors shall determine. Such remuneration shall be deemed to accrue from day to day. The Directors shall also be entitled to be paid their travelling, hotel and other expenses properly incurred by them in going to, attending and returning from meetings of the Directors, or any committee of the Directors, or general meetings of the Company, or otherwise in connection with the business of the Company, or to receive a fixed allowance in respect thereof as may be determined by the Directors from time to time, or a combination partly of one such method and partly the other.


67. The Directors may by resolution award special remuneration to any Director of the Company undertaking any special work or services for, or undertaking any special mission on behalf of, the Company other than his ordinary routine work as a Director. Any fees paid to a Director who is also counsel or solicitor to the Company, or otherwise serves it in a professional capacity shall be in addition to his remuneration as a Director.

 

68. A Director or alternate Director may hold any other office or place of profit under the Company (other than the office of Auditor) in conjunction with his office of Director for such period and on such terms as to remuneration and otherwise as the Directors may determine.

 

69. A Director or alternate Director may act by himself or his firm in a professional capacity for the Company and he or his firm shall be entitled to remuneration for professional services as if he were not a Director or alternate Director.

 

70. A shareholding qualification for Directors may be fixed by the Company in general meeting, but unless and until so fixed no qualification shall be required.

 

71. A Director or alternate Director of the Company may be or become a director or other officer of or otherwise interested in any company promoted by the Company or in which the Company may be interested as shareholder or otherwise and no such Director or alternate Director shall be accountable to the Company for any remuneration or other benefits received by him as a director or officer of, or from his interest in, such other company.

 

72. No person shall be disqualified from the office of Director or alternate Director or prevented by such office from contracting with the Company, either as vendor, purchaser or otherwise, nor shall any such contract or any contract or transaction entered into by or on behalf of the Company in which any Director or alternate Director shall be in any way interested be or be liable to be avoided, nor shall any Director or alternate Director so contracting or being so interested be liable to account to the Company for any profit realised by any such contract or transaction by reason of such Director holding office or of the fiduciary relation thereby established. A Director (or his alternate Director in his absence) shall be at liberty to vote in respect of any contract or transaction in which he is so interested as aforesaid PROVIDED HOWEVER that the nature of the interest of any Director or alternate Director in any such contract or transaction shall be disclosed by him or the alternate Director appointed by him at or prior to its consideration and any vote thereon.

 

73. A general notice that a Director or alternate Director is a shareholder of any specified firm or company and is to be regarded as interested in any transaction with such firm or company shall be sufficient disclosure under Article 72 and after such general notice it shall not be necessary to give special notice relating to any particular transaction.

ALTERNATE DIRECTORS

 

74. Subject to the exception contained in Article 82, a Director who expects to be unable to attend Directors’ Meetings because of absence, illness or otherwise may appoint any person to be an alternate Director to act in his stead and such appointee whilst he holds office as an alternate Director shall, in the event of absence therefrom of his appointor, be entitled to attend meetings of the Directors and to vote thereat and to do, in the place and stead of his appointor, any other act or thing which his appointor is permitted or required to do by virtue of his being a Director as if the alternate Director were the appointor, other than appointment of an alternate to himself, and he shall ipso facto vacate office if and when his appointor ceases to be a Director or removes the appointee from office. Any appointment or removal under this Article shall be effected by notice in writing under the hand of the Director making the same.


POWERS AND DUTIES OF DIRECTORS

 

75. The business of the Company shall be managed by the Directors (or a sole Director if only one is appointed) who may pay all expenses incurred in promoting, registering and setting up the Company, and may exercise all such powers of the Company as are not, from time to time by the Statute, or by these Articles, or such regulations, being not inconsistent with the aforesaid, as may be prescribed by the Company in general meeting required to be exercised by the Company in general meeting PROVIDED HOWEVER that no regulations made by the Company in general meeting shall invalidate any prior act of the Directors which would have been valid if that regulation had not been made.

 

76. The Directors may from time to time and at any time by powers of attorney appoint any company, firm, person or body of persons, whether nominated directly or indirectly by the Directors, to be the attorney or attorneys of the Company for such purpose and with such powers, authorities and discretions (not exceeding those vested in or exercisable by the Directors under these Articles) and for such period and subject to such conditions as they may think fit, and any such powers of attorney may contain such provisions for the protection and convenience of persons dealing with any such attorneys as the Directors may think fit and may also authorise any such attorney to delegate all or any of the powers, authorities and discretions vested in him.

 

77. All cheques, promissory notes, drafts, bills of exchange and other negotiable instruments and all receipts for monies paid to the Company shall be signed, drawn, accepted, endorsed or otherwise executed as the case may be in such manner as the Directors shall from time to time by resolution determine.

 

78. The Directors shall cause minutes to be made in books provided for the purpose:

 

  (a) of all appointments of officers made by the Directors;

 

  (b) of the names of the Directors (including those represented thereat by an alternate or by proxy) present at each meeting of the Directors and of any committee of the Directors;

 

  (c) of all resolutions and proceedings at all meetings of the Company and of the Directors and of committees of Directors.

 

79. The Directors on behalf of the Company may pay a gratuity or pension or allowance on retirement to any Director who has held any other salaried office or place of profit with the Company or to his widow or dependants and may make contributions to any fund and pay premiums for the purchase or provision of any such gratuity, pension or allowance.

 

80. The Directors may exercise all the powers of the Company to borrow money and to mortgage or charge its undertaking, property and uncalled capital or any part thereof and to issue debentures, debenture stock and other securities whether outright or as security for any debt, liability or obligation of the Company or of any third party.


MANAGEMENT

 

81.      

(a)

The Directors may from time to time provide for the management of the affairs of the Company in such manner as they shall think fit and the provisions contained in the three next following paragraphs shall be without prejudice to the general powers conferred by this paragraph.

 

  (b) The Directors from time to time and at any time may establish any committees, local boards or agencies for managing any of the affairs of the Company and may appoint any persons to be members of such committees or local boards or any managers or agents and may fix their remuneration.

 

  (c) The Directors from time to time and at any time may delegate to any such committee, local board, manager or agent any of the powers, authorities and discretions for the time being vested in the Directors and may authorise the members for the time being of any such local board, or any of them to fill up any vacancies therein and to act notwithstanding vacancies and any such appointment or delegation may be made on such terms and subject to such conditions as the Directors may think fit and the Directors may at any time remove any person so appointed and may annul or vary any such delegation, but no person dealing in good faith and without notice of any such annulment or variation shall be affected thereby.

 

  (d) Any such delegates as aforesaid may be authorised by the Directors to subdelegate all or any of the powers, authorities, and discretions for the time being vested in them.

MANAGING DIRECTORS

 

82. The Directors may, from time to time, appoint one or more of their body (but not an alternate Director) to the office of Managing Director for such term and at such remuneration (whether by way of salary, or commission, or participation in profits, or partly in one way and partly in another) as they may think fit but his appointment shall be subject to determination ipso facto if he ceases from any cause to be a Director and no alternate Director appointed by him can act in his stead as a Director or Managing Director.

 

83. The Directors may entrust to and confer upon a Managing Director any of the powers exercisable by them upon such terms and conditions and with such restrictions as they may think fit and either collaterally with or to the exclusion of their own powers and may from time to time revoke, withdraw, alter or vary all or any of such powers.

PROCEEDINGS OF DIRECTORS

 

84. Except as otherwise provided by these Articles, the Directors shall meet together for the dispatch of business, convening, adjourning and otherwise regulating their meetings as they think fit. Questions arising at any meeting shall be decided by a majority of votes of the Directors and alternate Directors present at a meeting at which there is a quorum, the vote of an alternate Director not being counted if his appointor be present at such meeting. In case of an equality of votes, the Chairman shall have a second or casting vote.

 

85. A Director or alternate Director may, and the Secretary on the requisition of a Director or alternate Director shall, at any time summon a meeting of the Directors by at least two days notice in writing to every Director and alternate Director which notice shall set forth the general nature of the business to be considered unless notice is waived by all the Directors (or their alternates) either at, before or after the meeting is held and PROVIDED FURTHER if notice is given in person, by fax or
e-mail the same shall be deemed to have been given on the day it is delivered to the Directors or transmitting organisation as the case may be.


86. The quorum necessary for the transaction of the business of the Directors may be fixed by the Directors and unless so fixed shall be a majority of the then existing Directors, provided that a Director and his appointed alternate Director being considered only one person for this purpose, PROVIDED ALWAYS that if there shall at any time be only a sole Director the quorum shall be one. For the purposes of this Article an alternate Director or proxy appointed by a Director shall be counted in a quorum at a meeting at which the Director appointing him is not present.

 

87. The continuing Directors may act notwithstanding any vacancy in their body, but if and so long as their number is reduced below the number fixed by or pursuant to these Articles as the necessary quorum of Directors the continuing Directors or Director may act for the purpose of increasing the number of Directors to that number, or of summoning a general meeting of the Company, but for no other purpose.

 

88. The Directors may elect a Chairman of their Board and determine the period for which he is to hold office; but if no such Chairman is elected, or if at any meeting the Chairman is not present within five minutes after the time appointed for holding the same, the Directors present may choose one of their number to be Chairman of the meeting.

 

89. The Directors may delegate any of their powers to committees consisting of such member or members of the Board of Directors (including Alternate Directors in the absence of their appointors) as they think fit; any committee so formed shall in the exercise of the powers so delegated conform to any regulations that may be imposed on it by the Directors.

 

90. A committee may meet and adjourn as it thinks proper. Questions arising at any meeting shall be determined by a majority of votes of the members present, and in the case of an equality of votes the Chairman shall have a second or casting vote.

 

91. All acts done by any meeting of the Directors or of a committee of Directors (including any person acting as an alternate Director) shall, notwithstanding that it be afterwards discovered that there was some defect in the appointment of any Director or alternate Director, or that they or any of them were disqualified, be as valid as if every such person had been duly appointed and qualified to be a Director or alternate Director as the case may be.

 

92. Members of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of the Board or of such committee by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other and participation in a meeting pursuant to this provision shall constitute presence in person at such meeting. A resolution in writing (in one or more counterparts), signed by all the Directors for the time being or all the members of a committee of Directors (an alternate Director being entitled to sign such resolution on behalf of his appointor) shall be as valid and effectual as if it had been passed at a meeting of the Directors or committee as the case may be duly convened and held.

 

93.      

(a)

A Director may be represented at any meetings of the Board of Directors by a proxy appointed by him in which event the presence or vote of the proxy shall for all purposes be deemed to be that of the Director.

 

  (b) The provisions of Articles 59-62 shall mutatis mutandis apply to the appointment of proxies by Directors.


VACATION OF OFFICE OF DIRECTOR

 

94. The office of a Director shall be vacated:

 

  (a) if he gives notice in writing to the Company that he resigns the office of Director;

 

  (b) if he absents himself (without being represented by proxy or an alternate Director appointed by him) from three consecutive meetings of the Board of Directors without special leave of absence from the Directors, and they pass a resolution that he has by reason of such absence vacated office;

 

  (c) if he dies, becomes bankrupt or makes any arrangement or composition with his creditors generally;

 

  (d) if he is found a lunatic or becomes of unsound mind.

APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS

 

95. The Company may by ordinary resolution appoint any person to be a Director and may in like manner remove any Director and may in like manner appoint another person in his stead notwithstanding anything in these Articles or in any agreement between the Company and such Director.

 

96. The Directors, by the affirmative vote of a simple majority of the remaining Directors present and voting at a Board meeting, shall have power at any time and from time to time to appoint any person to be a Director, either to fill a casual vacancy or as an addition to the existing Directors but so that the total amount of Directors (exclusive of alternate Directors) shall not at any time exceed the number fixed in accordance with these Articles.

PRESUMPTION OF ASSENT

 

97. A Director of the Company who is present at a meeting of the Board of Directors at which action on any Company matter is taken shall be presumed to have assented to the action taken unless his dissent shall be entered in the Minutes of the meeting or unless he shall file his written dissent from such action with the person acting as the Secretary of the meeting before the adjournment thereof or shall forward such dissent by registered mail to such person immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. Such right to dissent shall not apply to a Director who voted in favour of such action.

SEAL

 

98.      

(a)

The Company may, if the Directors so determine, have a Seal which shall, subject to paragraph (c) hereof, only be used by the authority of the Directors or of a committee of the Directors authorised by the Directors in that behalf and every instrument to which the Seal has been affixed shall be signed by one person who shall be either a Director or the Secretary or Secretary-Treasurer or some person appointed by the Directors for the purpose.

 

  (b) The Company may have for use in any place or places outside the Cayman Islands a duplicate Seal or Seals each of which shall be a facsimile of the Common Seal of the Company and, if the Directors so determine, with the addition on its face of the name of every place where it is to be used.


  (c) A Director, Secretary or other officer or representative or attorney may without further authority of the Directors affix the Seal of the Company over his signature alone to any document of the Company required to be authenticated by him under Seal or to be filed with the Registrar of Companies in the Cayman Islands or elsewhere.

OFFICERS

 

99. The Company may have a President, a Secretary or Secretary-Treasurer appointed by the Directors who may also from time to time appoint such other officers as they consider necessary, all for such terms, at such remuneration and to perform such duties, and subject to such provisions as to disqualification and removal as the Directors from time to time prescribe.

DIVIDENDS, DISTRIBUTIONS AND RESERVE

 

100. Subject to the Statute, the Directors may from time to time declare dividends (including interim dividends) and distributions on shares of the Company outstanding and authorise payment of the same out of the funds of the Company lawfully available therefore.

 

101. The Directors may, before declaring any dividends or distributions, set aside such sums as they think proper as a reserve or reserves which shall at the discretion of the Directors, be applicable for any purpose of the Company and pending such application may, at the like discretion, be employed in the business of the Company.

 

102. No dividend or distribution shall be payable except out of the profits of the Company, realised or unrealised, or out of the share premium account or as otherwise permitted by the Statute.

 

103. Subject to the rights of persons, if any, entitled to shares with special rights as to dividends or distributions, if dividends or distributions are to be declared on a class of shares they shall be declared and paid according to the amounts paid or credited as paid on the shares of such class outstanding on the record date for such dividend or distribution as determined in accordance with these Articles but no amount paid or credited as paid on a share in advance of calls shall be treated for the purpose of this Article as paid on the share.

 

104. The Directors may deduct from any dividend or distribution payable to any Member all sums of money (if any) presently payable by him to the Company on account of calls or otherwise.

 

105. The Directors may declare that any dividend or distribution be paid wholly or partly by the distribution of specific assets and in particular of paid up shares, debentures, or debenture stock of any other company or in any one or more of such ways and where any difficulty arises in regard to such distribution, the Directors may settle the same as they think expedient and in particular may issue fractional certificates and fix the value for distribution of such specific assets or any part thereof and may determine that cash payments shall be made to any Members upon the footing of the value so fixed in order to adjust the rights of all Members and may vest any such specific assets in trustees as may seem expedient to the Directors.

 

106.

Any dividend, distribution, interest or other monies payable in cash in respect of shares may be paid by cheque or warrant sent through the post directed to the registered address of the holder or, in the case of joint holders, to the holder who is first named on the register of Members or to such person and to such address as such holder or joint holders may in writing direct. Every


 

such cheque or warrant shall be made payable to the order of the person to whom it is sent. Any one of two or more joint holders may give effectual receipts for any dividends, bonuses, or other monies payable in respect of the share held by them as joint holders.

 

107. No dividend or distribution shall bear interest against the Company.

CAPITALISATION

 

108. The Company may upon the recommendation of the Directors by ordinary resolution authorise the Directors to capitalise any sum standing to the credit of any of the Company’s reserve accounts (including share premium account and capital redemption reserve fund) or any sum standing to the credit of profit and loss account or otherwise available for distribution and to appropriate such sum to Members in the proportions in which such sum would have been divisible amongst them had the same been a distribution of profits by way of dividend and to apply such sum on their behalf in paying up in full unissued shares for allotment and distribution credited as fully paid up to and amongst them in the proportion aforesaid. In such event the Directors shall do all acts and things required to give effect to such capitalisation, with full power to the Directors to make such provisions as they think fit for the case of shares becoming distributable in fractions (including provisions whereby the benefit of fractional entitlements accrue to the Company rather than to the Members concerned). The Directors may authorise any person to enter on behalf of all of the Members interested into an agreement with the Company providing for such capitalisation and matters incidental thereto and any agreement made under such authority shall be effective and binding on all concerned.

BOOKS OF ACCOUNT

 

109. The Directors shall cause proper books of account to be kept with respect to:

 

  (a) all sums of money received and expended by the Company and the matters in respect of which the receipt or expenditure takes place;

 

  (b) all sales and purchases of goods by the Company;

 

  (c) the assets and liabilities of the Company.

 

   Proper books shall not be deemed to be kept if there are not kept such books of account as arc necessary to give a true and fair view of the state of the Company’s affairs and to explain its transactions.

 

110. The Directors shall from time to time determine whether and to what extent and at what times and places and under what conditions or regulations the accounts and books of the Company or any of them shall be open to the inspection of Members not being Directors and no Member (not being a Director) shall have any right of inspecting any account or book or document of the Company except as conferred by Statute or authorised by the Directors or by the Company in general meeting.

 

111. The Directors may from time to time cause to be prepared and to be laid before the Company in general meeting profit and loss accounts, balance sheets, group accounts (if any) and such other reports and accounts as may be required by law.


AUDIT

 

112. The Company may at any annual general meeting appoint an Auditor or Auditors of the Company who shall hold office until the next annual general meeting and may fix his or their remuneration.

 

113. The Directors may before the first annual general meeting appoint an Auditor or Auditors of the Company who shall hold office until the first annual general meeting unless previously removed by an ordinary resolution of the Members in general meeting in which case the Members at that meeting may appoint Auditors. The Directors may fill any casual vacancy in the office of Auditor but while any such vacancy continues the surviving or continuing Auditor or Auditors, if any, may act. The remuneration of any Auditor appointed by the Directors under this Article may be fixed by the Directors.

 

114. Every Auditor of the Company shall have a right of access at all times to the books and accounts and vouchers of the Company and shall be entitled to require from the Directors and Officers of the Company such information and explanation as may be necessary for the performance of the duties of the auditors.

 

115. Auditors shall at the next annual general meeting following their appointment and at any other time during their term of office, upon request of the Directors or any general meeting of the Members, make a report on the accounts of the Company in general meeting during their tenure of office.

NOTICES

 

116. Notices shall be in writing and may be given by the Company to any Member either personally or by sending it by post, fax or e-mail to him or to his address as shown in the register of Members or e-mail address last known to the Company, such notice, if mailed, to be forwarded airmail if the address be outside the Cayman Islands.

 

117.    

(a)

Where a notice is sent by post, service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by properly addressing, pre-paying and posting a letter containing the notice, and to have been effected at the expiration of 60 hours after the letter containing the same is posted as aforesaid.

 

  (b) Where a notice is sent by fax or e-mail, service of the notice shall be deemed to be effected by properly addressing, and sending such notice through a transmitting organisation and to have been effected on the day the same is sent as aforesaid.

 

118. A notice may be given by the Company to the joint holders of record of a share by giving the notice to the joint holder first named on the register of Members in respect of the share.

 

119. A notice may be given by the Company to the person or persons which the Company has been advised are entitled to a share or shares in consequence of the death or bankruptcy of a Member by sending it through the post as aforesaid in a pre-paid letter addressed to them by name, or by the title of representatives of the deceased, or trustee of the bankrupt, or by any like description at the address supplied for that purpose by the persons claiming to be so entitled, or at the option of the Company by giving the notice in any manner in which the same might have been given if the death or bankruptcy had not occurred.


120. Notice of every general meeting shall be given in any manner hereinbefore authorised to:

 

  (a) every person shown as a Member in the register of Members as of the record date for such meeting except that in the case of joint holders the notice shall be sufficient if given to the joint holder first named in the register of Members.

 

  (b) every person upon whom the ownership of a share devolves by reason of his being a legal personal representative or a trustee in bankruptcy of a Member of record where the Member of record but for his death or bankruptcy would be entitled to receive notice of the meeting; and

 

   No other person shall be entitled to receive notices of general meetings.

WINDING UP

 

121. If the Company shall be wound up the liquidator may, with the sanction of a Special Resolution of the Company and any other sanction required by the Statute, divide amongst the Members in specie or kind the whole or any part of the assets of the Company (whether they shall consist of property of the same kind or not) and may for such purpose set such value as he deems fair upon any property to be divided as aforesaid and may determine how such division shall be carried out as between the Members or different classes of Members. The liquidator may with the like sanction, vest the whole or any part of such assets in trustees upon such trusts for the benefit of the contributories as the liquidator, with the like sanction, shall think fit, but so that no Member shall be compelled to accept any shares or other securities whereon there is any liability.

 

122. If the Company shall be wound up, and the assets available for distribution amongst the Members as such shall be insufficient to repay the whole of the paid-up capital, such assets shall be distributed so that, as nearly as may be, the losses shall be borne by the Members in proportion to the capital paid up, or which ought to have been paid up, at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them respectively, And if in a winding up the assets available for distribution amongst the Members shall be more than sufficient to repay the whole of the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up, the excess shall be distributed amongst the Members in proportion to the capital paid up at the commencement of the winding up on the shares held by them respectively. This Article is to be without prejudice to the rights of the holders of shares issued upon special terms and conditions.

INDEMNITY

 

123. The Directors and officers for the time being of the Company and any trustee for the time being acting in relation to any of the affairs of the Company and their heirs, executors, administrators and personal representatives respectively shall be indemnified out of the assets of the Company from and against all actions, proceedings, costs, charges, losses, damages and expenses which they or any of them shall or may incur or sustain by reason of any act done or omitted in or about the execution of their duty in their respective offices or trusts, except such (if any) as they shall incur or sustain by or through their own willful neglect or default respectively and no such Director, officer or trustee shall be answerable for the acts, receipts, neglects or defaults of any other Director, officer or trustee or for joining in any receipt for the sake of conformity or for the solvency or honesty of any banker or other persons with whom any monies or effects belonging to the Company may be lodged or deposited for safe custody or for any insufficiency of any security upon which any monies of the Company may be invested or for any other loss or damage due to any such cause as aforesaid or which may happen in or about the execution of his office or trust unless the same shall happen through the willful neglect or default of such Director, Officer or trustee.


FINANCIAL YEAR

 

124. Unless the Directors otherwise prescribe, the financial year of the Company shall end on 31st December in each year and, following the year of incorporation, shall begin on 1st January in each year.

AMENDMENTS OF ARTICLES

 

125. Subject to the Statute, the Company may at any time and from time to time by Special Resolution alter or amend these Articles in whole or in part.

TRANSFER BY WAY OF CONTINUATION

 

126. If the Company is exempted as defined in the Statute, it shall, subject to the provisions of the Statute and with the approval of a Special Resolution, have the power to register by way of continuation as a body corporate under the laws of any jurisdiction outside the Cayman Islands and to be deregistered in the Cayman Islands.

Exhibit 5.1

 

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DRAFT ONLY

Scotia Centre

P.O. Box 884

Grand Cayman KY1-1103

CAYMAN ISLANDS

Tel: (345) 949-2648

Fax: (345) 949-8613

www.campbells.com.ky

E-mail: campbells@campbells.com.ky

  

Your Ref:

Our Ref:

Direct Email:

  SC/vc/

scourtney@campbells.com.ky

[ ] 2009

BY DHL

Changyou.com Limited

c/o Offshore Incorporations Limited

P.O. Box 2804 GT

Fourth Floor

Scotia Centre

George Town

Grand Cayman

Cayman Islands

Dear Sirs

We are Cayman Islands counsel for Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Island corporation (the “ Company ”), in connection with the Company’s registration statement on Form F-1, including all amendments or supplements thereto (the “ Registration Statement ”), originally filed on [ ] with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended to date relating to the offering by the Company and the sale by the selling shareholders (the “ Selling Shareholders ”) of certain American Depositary Shares representing the Company’s Class A Ordinary Shares of par value US$0.01 each (the “ Ordinary Shares ”). We are furnishing this opinion as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement.

In connection with rendering our opinion as set forth below, we have reviewed and examined the following:

 

(a) The Certificate of Incorporation of the Company dated [ ];

 

(b) Memorandum of Association and Articles of Association of the Company as adopted by the Company by a special resolution of the shareholders on the [ ];

 

(c) The statutory registers of directors and officers of the Company;


(d) The statutory registers of mortgages and charges of the Company;

 

(e) A copy of the minutes containing the written deliberations and resolutions of the Board of Directors of the Company dated [ ];

 

(f) The written resolutions of the shareholders of the Company dated 19 June 2007;

 

(g) A certificate of good standing of the Company dated [ ];

 

(h) A certificate from [ ] (being a Director of the Company) addressed to this firm dated [•], a copy of which is attached hereto (the “ Director’s Certificate ”);

 

(i) The Registration Statement; and

 

(j) Such other documents and laws as we consider necessary as a basis for giving this opinion.

The Registration Statement and the exhibits to the Registration Statement are referred to below as the “Documents”.

The following opinion is given only as to matters of Cayman Islands law and we express no opinion with respect to any matters governed by or construed in accordance with the laws of any jurisdiction other than the Cayman Islands. We have assumed that there is nothing under any law (other than the laws of the Cayman Islands) which would affect or vary the following opinion. Specifically, we have made no independent investigation of the laws of the United States of America generally and we offer no opinion in relation thereto. We offer no opinion in relation to any representation or warranty given by any party to the Documents save as specifically hereinafter set forth. This opinion is strictly limited to the matters stated in it, does not apply by implication to other matters, and only relates to (1) those circumstances or facts specifically stated herein and (2) the laws of the Cayman Islands, as they respectively exist at the date hereof.

In giving this opinion we have assumed, without independent verification:

 

(a) the genuineness of all signatures and seals, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity of all copy documents or the forms of documents provided to us to their originals or, as the case may be, to the final form of the originals and that any markings showing revisions or amendments to documents are correct and complete;

 

(b)

that the copies produced to us of minutes of meetings and/or of resolutions are true copies and correctly record the proceedings of such meetings and/or the subject matter which they propose to record and that all factual statements therein contained are true and correct and that any meetings referred to in such copies were duly convened and held and that all resolutions set out in such

 

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copy minutes or resolutions were duly passed and are in full force and effect and that all factual statements made in such resolutions, the Director’s Certificate and any other certificates and documents on which we have relied are true and correct (and continue to be true and correct);

 

(c) that the statutory registers of directors and officers, and mortgages and charges and the minute book of the Company are true, complete, accurate and up to date;

 

(d) the accuracy of all representations, warranties and covenants as to factual matters made by the parties to the Documents; and

 

(e) that there is no contractual or other prohibition (other than as may arise by virtue of the laws of the Cayman Islands) binding on the Company or on any other party prohibiting it from entering into and performing its obligations.

The following opinions are given only as to matters of Cayman Islands law and we have assumed that there is nothing under any other law that would affect or vary the following opinions.

Based upon the foregoing and subject to the qualifications set out below and having regard to such legal considerations as we deem relevant, we are of the opinion that:

 

1. The Company has been duly incorporated as an exempted company with limited liability for an unlimited duration and is validly existing under the laws of the Cayman Islands.

 

2. The authorised share capital of the Company, with effect immediately prior to the completion of the Company’s initial public offering of its Class A Ordinary Shares in the U.S. will be US$2,977,400 divided into 297,740,000 shares, of which (i) 200,000,000 are designated Class A Ordinary Shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.01 per share and (ii) 97,740,000 are designated Class B ordinary shares of a nominal or par value of US$0.01 per share.

 

3. The issue and allotment of the Ordinary Shares has been duly authorised. When allotted, issued and paid for as contemplated in the Registration Statement and registered in the register of members (shareholders), the Ordinary Shares will be legally issued and allotted, fully paid and non-assessable.

 

4. Ordinary Shares to be sold by the Selling Shareholders have been legally and validly issued as fully paid and non-assessable.

The foregoing opinion is subject to the following reservations and qualification:

 

1. In the event that the Documents are executed in or brought within the jurisdiction of the Cayman Islands (eg for the purposes of enforcement or obtaining payment) stamp duty may be payable.

 

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2. We neither express nor imply any opinion as to any representation or warranty given by the Company in the Documents as to its capability (financial or otherwise) to undertake the obligations assumed by it under the Documents.

 

3. To maintain the Company in good standing under the laws of the Cayman Islands annual fees must be paid and annual returns made to the Registrar of Companies.

We hereby consent to the use of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the use of our name under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus constituting a part thereof. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under section 7 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Rules and Regulations of the Commission thereunder.

Yours faithfully

CAMPBELLS

 

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Exhibit 8.1

DRAFT

FORM OF OPINION OF GOULSTON & STORRS, P.C. REGARDING CERTAIN U.S. TAX MATTERS

[Goulston & Storrs, P.C. Letterhead]

Changyou.com Limited

East Tower, Jing Yan Building

No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District

Beijing 100043

People’s Republic of China

 

  Re: Class A Ordinary Shares of Changyou.com Limited represented by American Depositary Shares

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as counsel to Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Company”), in connection with the filing of a Registration Statement on Form F-1 (the “Registration Statement”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission (File No.               ), for registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”), of Class A Ordinary Shares of the Company, represented by American Depositary Shares (“ADSs”), in an initial public offering. You have requested our opinion concerning statements under the heading “Taxation – United States Federal Income Taxation” in the prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement.

We have examined such documents, including the Registration Statement, and matters of law as we have deemed necessary for purposes of this opinion. We have assumed that the transactions described in the Registration Statement will be performed in the manner described therein and that the agreements forms of which are attached as exhibits to the Registration Statement will be performed in accordance with their terms. We have further relied on representations provided by the Company to us regarding the nature and structure of the Company’s massively multi-player online role-playing games (commonly known as “MMORPGs”) business. We have not made any independent review or investigation of any factual matter.

Based on the foregoing, and subject to the limitations and qualifications set forth set forth in this opinion, we confirm that the discussion under the heading “Taxation – United States Federal Income Taxation” in the prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement is an accurate summary of the material U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of the ADSs or Class A ordinary shares under currently applicable law, and, to the extent that it constitutes matters of federal income tax law or legal conclusions relating to the federal income tax laws of the United States and subject to the qualifications therein, represents our opinion.


Our opinion set forth herein is subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

A. In our examination and in rendering this opinion, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of natural persons, the power and authority of all natural persons, the authenticity and completeness of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents.

B. Our opinion is limited to the legal matters explicitly addressed herein and does not extend, by implication or otherwise, to any other matter. Our opinion is based on the existing provisions of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and regulations thereunder (both final and proposed) and other applicable authorities in effect as of the date hereof, all of which are subject to change, possibly with retroactive effect. We express no opinion as to other federal laws, or as to the laws of any other jurisdiction.

C. Our opinion is rendered to the Company as of the date of this letter and we undertake no obligation to update it subsequent to the date of this letter.

D. Any changes or differences in the facts from those disclosed in the Registration Statement will affect our opinion.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion as an Exhibit to the Registration Statement and to reference to our firm under the heading “Taxation – United States Federal Income Taxation” in the prospectus contained in the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby concede that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder.

 

Very truly yours,

 

Goulston & Storrs, P.C.

Exhibit 10.1

2008 SHARE INCENTIVE PLAN


CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

2008 SHARE INCENTIVE PLAN

 

1. Purposes of this Plan

This 2008 Share Incentive Plan (this “Plan”) is intended to provide incentives: (a) to the directors, officers, employees, consultants and advisors of Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Company”), and any present or future parents or subsidiaries or variable interest entities (“VIEs”) of the Company by providing them with opportunities to (i) acquire Ordinary Shares of the Company pursuant to options (“Options”) granted hereunder, (ii) to receive Restricted Share Unit awards (“RSU”), and (iii) to make direct purchases of Ordinary Shares of the Company, subject to vesting (“Restricted Shares”). In addition to Options, RSUs, and Restricted Shares, other Awards involving Ordinary Shares and other Awards that are valued in whole or in part by reference to, or are otherwise based upon or settled in, Ordinary Shares, including (without limitation) unrestricted Shares, performance units, dividend equivalents, and convertible debentures, may be granted or sold under this Plan.

 

2. Definitions

“Applicable Laws” means laws of the Company’s jurisdictions of incorporation and operation and requirements relating to the granting or sale of equity incentives and the administration of equity share incentive plans under the laws of any country or other jurisdiction where Awards are issued or sold under this Plan, and under the rules of any securities exchange on which the applicable class of Ordinary Shares are listed.

“Award” means an Option, RSU, Restricted Share, or other share-based award or right granted or sold pursuant to the terms of this Plan.

“Award Agreement” means a written or electronic document or agreement setting forth the terms and conditions of a specific Award.

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

“Class A Ordinary Share” means a Class A Ordinary Share in the capital of the Company, having the rights, restrictions, privileges and preferences set forth in the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company.

“Class B Ordinary Share” means a Class B Ordinary Share in the capital of the Company, having the rights, restrictions, privileges and preferences set forth in the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company.

“Compensation Committee” means the full Board or a Compensation Committee appointed by the Board, which Compensation Committee will be constituted to comply with Applicable Laws and which will administer this Plan in accordance with Section 4 below.

“Company” means Changyou.com Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands.

“Consultant” means any person who is engaged by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary or VIE to render consulting or advisory services to such entity, but is not an employee of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary or VIE.


“Director” means a member of the Board.

“Disability” means any total and permanent disability which prevents a Service Provider from continuing in such capacity.

“Employee” means any person employed by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary or VIE of the Company. A person will not cease to be an Employee solely by virtue of also being a Director of the Company. A Service Provider will not cease to be an Employee in the case of:

 

  (i) any leave of absence approved by the Company; or

 

  (ii) transfers between locations of the Company or between the Company, any Parent, any Subsidiary, any VIE, or any successor to the Company or any Parent, Subsidiary, or VIE.

“Exchange” means NASDAQ, the New York Stock Exchange or any other internationally recognized stock exchange of similar prestige and liquidity.

“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended and in effect on any given date.

“Fair Market Value” as of any given date means, unless otherwise defined in an Award Agreement, if the applicable class of Ordinary Shares is listed on an Exchange, the closing price for the Ordinary Shares on such exchange, or if Shares were not traded on such exchange on such given date, then on the next preceding date on which Shares were traded, all as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other resource as the Compensation Committee deems reliable. If the applicable class of Ordinary Shares is listed on an Exchange, in the event that an Award is granted on any given date prior to the time that trading has ended on the applicable exchange on such date, Fair Market Value may be determined as of the date preceding such grant. If the applicable class of Ordinary Shares is not listed on an Exchange, Fair Market Value shall be determined by the Compensation Committee in its good faith discretion, using such methods of appraisal and valuation as it deems appropriate, including without limitation the Fair Market Value of any class of Ordinary Shares of the Company, with economic rights comparable to those of the applicable class, that is listed on an Exchange.

“Holder” means the holder of an outstanding Award granted or issued under this Plan.

“Memorandum and Articles of Association” means the Amended and Restated Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company, as amended and effective from time to time.

“Option” means an option granted pursuant to this Plan to purchase Ordinary Shares of the Company.

“Ordinary Shares” means collectively the Class A Ordinary Shares and the Class B Ordinary Shares.

“Outside Director” means a member of the Board who is not an Employee or Consultant.

“Parent” means any entity which holds directly or indirectly more than fifty percent of the voting equity of the Company.

“Plan” means this 2008 Share Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time.


“Restricted Share” means an Ordinary Share issued subject to forfeiture or repurchase by the Company until vested.

“Restricted Share Unit” or “RSU” means a grant of a hypothetical number of Ordinary Shares, to be settled upon vesting in either Ordinary Shares or cash, as determined by the Compensation Committee.

“Service Provider” means an Employee, Director, or Consultant.

“Share” means an Ordinary Share.

“Subsidiary” means any entity in which the Company holds directly or indirectly more than fifty percent of the voting equity.

“Tax Law” means the relevant tax legislation of an applicable jurisdiction, as amended from time to time and in effect on any given date.

“Underlying Shares” means the Ordinary Shares subject to Options or issuable upon vesting and settlement of RSUs.

“U.S. Incentive Stock Options” means Options intended to qualify as incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.

“U.S. Internal Revenue Code” means the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time and in effect on any given date.

“U.S. Non-Qualified Stock Option” means an Option not intended to qualify as a U.S. Incentive Stock Option.

Except where otherwise indicated by the context, the masculine gender will include the feminine gender, and the definition of any term herein in the singular also will include the plural.

 

3. Shares Subject to this Plan

 

  (a) Number of Shares Available

Subject to the provisions of Section 3(b) and Section 10 of this Plan, the maximum number of Class A Ordinary Shares which may be subject to Awards granted and sold under this Plan is 20,000,000 shares and the maximum number of Class B Ordinary Shares which may be subject to Awards granted and sold under this Plan is 17,740,000 shares; provided however , that under no circumstances shall the maximum aggregate number of Class A Ordinary Shares and Class B Ordinary Shares which may be subject to Awards granted and sold under this Plan exceed 20,000,000 Shares. At all times during the term of this Plan and while any Awards are outstanding, the Company will retain as authorized and/or unissued Class A Ordinary Shares and/or Class B Ordinary Shares, as the case may be, at least the number of Shares from time to time required under the provisions of this Plan, or otherwise assure itself of its ability to perform its obligations hereunder; provided that at all time during the term of this Plan and while any Awards of Class B Ordinary Shares or with Class B Ordinary Shares as the Underlying Shares are outstanding, the Company shall reserve an equal number of Class A Ordinary Shares for issuance under the Plan from time to time upon the conversion of such Class B Ordinary Shares pursuant to the provisions of the Company’s Memorandum and Articles of Association. Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, no Award of Class B Ordinary Shares or with Class B Ordinary Shares as the Underlying Shares shall be sold or granted under the Plan after the Company’s completion of a firm commitment underwritten initial public offering of its shares resulting in a listing on an Exchange.


  (b) Treatment of Expired, Unvested Shares

 

  (i) If any unvested Class B Ordinary Share subject to an Award is repurchased by the Company pursuant to the provisions of Section 9(b) of this Plan, or if an Award with Class B Ordinary Shares as the Underlying Shares expires or terminates for any reason or becomes unexercisable without having been exercised for or settled in full in Class B Ordinary Shares, such Class B Ordinary Shares so repurchased or underlying such expired or terminated Award shall be automatically and immediately converted into an equal number of Class A Ordinary Shares reserved pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof and such Class A Ordinary Shares so converted will become available for future grant under this Plan. Class B Ordinary Shares that have actually been issued and are no longer subject to vesting under this Plan, plus an equal number of Class A Ordinary Shares reserved pursuant to Section 3(a) hereof for issuance upon the conversion of such Class B Ordinary Shares, will not be returned to this Plan and will not become available for future distribution under this Plan.

 

  (ii) If an Award with Class A Ordinary Shares as the Underlying Shares expires or terminates for any reason or becomes unexercisable without having been exercised or settled in full in Class A Ordinary Shares, the unpurchased Shares that were subject thereto or RSUs which have not been settled will become available for future grant or sale under this Plan. Class A Ordinary Shares that have actually been issued under this Plan, will not be returned to this Plan and will not become available for future distribution under this Plan, except that if Restricted Shares in the form of Class A Ordinary Shares are repurchased by the Company at their original purchase price and cancelled, such Shares will become available for future grant under this Plan.

 

4. Administration of this Plan

 

  (a) Compensation Committee

This Plan will be administered by the Compensation Committee. If the Company has any class of equity security registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act, and the Company is not a “foreign private issuer” as that term is defined in Rule 3b-4 under the Exchange Act, with the result that the Company’s executive officers and directors become subject to Section 16 of the Exchange Act, this Plan generally will be administered so as to cause transactions in securities issued or to be issued under this Plan to be afforded the exemptions from Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act provided by Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act or any similar successor statute or rules.

 

  (b) Powers of the Compensation Committee

Subject to the provisions of this Plan and, in the case of the Compensation Committee, the specific duties delegated by the Board to the Compensation Committee, and subject to the approval of any relevant authorities, the Compensation Committee will have the authority in its discretion:

 

  (i) to determine the Fair Market Value;

 

  (ii) to select the Service Providers to whom Awards may from time to time be made;


  (iii) to determine the number of Shares or RSUs to be covered by each Award granted;

 

  (iv) to approve forms of Award Agreement;

 

  (v) to determine the terms and conditions of any Award. Such terms and conditions include, but are not limited to, the exercise price, the time or times when Options may be exercised (which may be based on performance criteria), any vesting acceleration or waiver of restrictions, and any restriction or limitation regarding any Award or Ordinary Shares relating thereto, based in each case on such factors as the Compensation Committee may determine; provided, that in no event may any Option or comparable Award granted under this Plan be amended, other than pursuant to Section 10, to decrease the exercise price thereof or otherwise be subject to any action that would be treated, for accounting purposes, as a “repricing” of such Option, unless such amendment, cancellation, or action is approved by the Company’s shareholders;

 

  (vi) to determine whether and under what circumstances an RSU may be settled in cash instead of Ordinary Shares;

 

  (vii) to prescribe and amend provisions relating to this Plan, including provisions relating to sub-plans established for the purpose of qualifying for preferred tax treatment under applicable Tax Law;

 

  (viii) to allow holders of Options or other Awards to satisfy withholding tax obligations by electing to have the Company withhold from the Shares to be issued upon exercise of an Option or other Award that number of Shares having a Fair Market Value equal to the amount required to be withheld. The Fair Market Value of the Shares to be withheld will be determined on the date that the amount of tax to be withheld is to be determined. All elections by Holders to have Shares withheld for this purpose will be made in such form and under such conditions as the Compensation Committee may deem necessary or advisable; and

 

  (ix) to construe and interpret the terms of this Plan and Awards granted pursuant to this Plan.

 

  (c) Effect of Compensation Committee’s Decisions

All decisions, determinations and interpretations of the Compensation Committee under this Plan will be final and binding on all recipients and, if applicable, transferees of Awards under this Plan.

 

5. Eligibility

 

  (a) Service Providers

Awards may be granted to Service Providers; provided, however, that U.S. Incentive Stock Options may be granted only to Employees of the Company, a Parent, a Subsidiary or a VIE and generally will be granted only to persons who are, or are expected to be, subject to tax on income under the U.S. Internal Revenue Code.


  (b) No Right to Continued Employment

Neither this Plan nor any Award will confer upon any recipient or other holder of an Award any right with respect to continuing such recipient’s or holder’s relationship as a Service Provider with the Company, nor will it interfere in any way with his or her right or the Company’s right to terminate such relationship at any time, with or without cause.

 

6. Term of Options and RSUs

The term of each Option or RSU will be stated in the Award Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to U.S. Incentive Stock Options the term will be no more than ten (10) years from the date of grant thereof and with respect to U.S. Incentive Stock Options granted to a Holder who, at the time the Option is granted, owns shares representing more than ten percent of the voting power of all classes of shares of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary or VIE, the term of such U.S. Incentive Stock Option will be five (5) years from the date of grant thereof or such shorter term as may be provided in the Award Agreement.

 

7. Option Exercise Price, Restricted Share Purchase Price, and Form of Consideration

 

  (a) Exercise Price of Options and Purchase Price of Restricted Shares

The exercise price for Shares to be issued upon exercise of an Option and the purchase price of Restricted Shares will be such price as is determined by the Compensation Committee, provided that with respect to a U.S. Incentive Stock Option, the exercise price for Shares to be issued upon exercise of such option will not be less than the Fair Market Value on the date of grant or issue. With respect to a U.S. Incentive Stock Option granted to an person who, at the time the U.S. Incentive Stock Option is granted, owns shares representing more than ten percent of the voting power of all classes of shares of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary, the per Share exercise price will not be less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant.

 

  (b) Form of Consideration

The consideration to be paid for Shares to be issued upon exercise of an Option and for Restricted Shares, including the method of payment, will be determined by the Compensation Committee. Such consideration may consist of:

 

  (i) cash,

 

  (ii) check payable to the order of the Company,

 

  (iii) promissory note; provided, however, that consideration in the form of a promissory note will not be acceptable if it would constitute a personal loan to an executive officer or director of the Company prohibited by Section 402 of the U.S. Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002,

 

  (iv) other Shares which (x) have been owned by the grantee for more than six (6) months on the date of surrender, and (y) have a Fair Market Value on the date of surrender equal to the aggregate exercise price of the Shares as to which such Option is exercised or the aggregate purchase price of Restricted Shares being purchased,


  (v) consideration received by the Company for the exercise of Options under a cashless exercise program implemented or approved by the Company in connection with this Plan, or

 

  (vi) any combination of the foregoing methods of payment.

In making its determination as to the type of consideration to accept, the Compensation Committee will consider if acceptance of such consideration may be reasonably expected to benefit the Company.

 

8. Vesting of Awards

 

  (a) Vesting Generally

Any Options granted hereunder will become vested and exercisable, any RSUs granted hereunder will vest and be settled, and any Restricted Shares issued hereunder will vest and no longer be subject to forfeiture, according to the terms hereof at such times and under such conditions as determined by the Compensation Committee and set forth in the Award Agreement. Except in the case of Award granted to Outside Directors and Consultants, unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise as set forth in the Award Agreement, Options will vest and become exercisable, RSUs will vest and be settled, and Restricted Shares will vest and no longer be subject to forfeiture, in four equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date of grant or issuance of the Award or of such other vesting commencement date prior to the date of grant or issuance of the Award as specified by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion; provided , that , unless otherwise determined by the Compensation Committee and set forth in the Award Agreement, no Award will vest until the Company’s completion of a firm commitment underwritten initial public offering of its shares resulting in a listing on an Exchange and the expiration of all underwriters’ lockup periods applicable to such initial public offering. If following the completion of such initial public offering and expiration of such lockup periods, the holder of the Award continues to meet the other requirements, such as continued employment with the Company, for eligibility for vesting, prior vesting thresholds will be deemed to have been met upon such completion and expiration as if such initial public offering had occurred and such lockup periods had expired prior to the making of the Award.

 

  (b) Settlement of RSUs

RSUs that will be settled upon vesting, subject to the terms of the Award Agreement, either by delivery to the holder of the number of Shares that equals the number of RSUs that then become vested or by the payment to the holder of cash equal to the then Fair Market Value of that number of Shares. It is contemplated that in most cases the Award Agreement will specify that settlement will be made in Shares rather than in cash.

 

  (c) Exercise of Options

An Option will be deemed exercised when the Company receives:

 

  (i) written or electronic notice of exercise (in accordance with the Award Agreement) from the person entitled to exercise the Option, and

 

  (ii) full payment for the Shares with respect to which the Option is exercised.

Full payment may consist of any consideration and method of payment authorized by the Compensation Committee and permitted by the Award Agreement and this Plan. Shares issued upon exercise of an Option will be issued in the name of the Holder or, if requested by the Holder, in the name of the Holder and his or her spouse. Until the Shares are issued (as evidenced by the


appropriate entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company), no right to vote or receive dividends or any other rights as a shareholder will exist with respect to the Shares, notwithstanding the exercise of the Option. The Company will issue (or cause to be issued) such Shares promptly after the Option is exercised. No adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the Shares are issued, except as provided in Section 10 below.

Exercise of an Option in any manner will result in a decrease in the number of Shares thereafter available, both for purposes of this Plan and for sale under the Option, by the number of Shares as to which the Option is exercised.

To the extent the aggregate Fair Market Value of Shares subject to U.S. Incentive Stock Options which become exercisable for the first time by a Holder during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary or VIE) exceeds $100,000, such excess Options, to the extent of the Shares covered thereby in excess of the foregoing limitation, will be treated as Non-Qualified Stock Options. For this purpose, U.S. Incentive Stock Options will be taken into account in the order in which they were granted, and the Fair Market Value of the Shares will be determined as of the grant date of the relevant Option.

 

  (d) Termination of Relationship as Service Provider of Holder of Options

If a Holder of Options ceases to be a Service Provider, such Holder may exercise his or her Options within such period of time as is specified in the Award Agreement to the extent that the Options are vested on the date of termination (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of the Options as set forth in the Award Agreement). In the absence of a specified time in the Award Agreement, the Options will remain exercisable for three (3) months following the Holder’s termination. If, on the date of termination, the Holder is not vested as to his or her entire Option, the Shares covered by the unvested portion of the Options will revert to this Plan. If, after termination, the Holder does not exercise his or her Options within the time specified by the Compensation Committee, the Options will terminate, and the Shares covered by such Options will revert to this Plan.

 

  (e) Disability of Holder of Options

If a Holder of Options ceases to be a Service Provider as a result of the Holder’s Disability, the Holder may exercise his or her Options within such period of time as is specified in the Award Agreement to the extent the Options are vested on the date of termination (but in no event later than the expiration of the term of such Options as set forth in the Award Agreement). In the absence of a specified time in the Award Agreement, the Options will remain exercisable for twelve (12) months following the Holder’s termination.

If the Disability is not a “disability” as such term is defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code, in the case of U.S. Incentive Stock Options, such U.S. Incentive Stock Options will automatically convert to U.S. Non-Qualified Stock Options on the day three (3) months and one day following the date such Holder ceased to be a Service Provider as a result of the Holder’s Disability. If, on the date of termination, the Holder is not vested as to all of his Options, the Shares covered by the unvested Options will revert to this Plan. If, after termination, the Holder does not exercise his or her Options within the time specified herein, the Options will terminate, and the Shares covered by such Options will revert to this Plan.

 

  (f) Death of Holder of Options

If a Holder of Options dies while a Service Provider, the Options may be exercised within such period of time as is specified in the Award Agreement to the extent that the Options are vested on the date of death (but in no event later than the expiration of the


term of such Options as set forth in the Award Agreement) by the Holder’s estate or by a person who acquires the right to exercise the Options by bequest or inheritance. In the absence of a specified time in the Award Agreement, the Options will remain exercisable for twelve (12) months following the Holder’s termination. If, at the time of death, the Holder is not vested as to all of his or her Options, the Shares covered by the unvested Options will immediately revert to this Plan. If the Options are not so exercised within the time specified herein, the Options will terminate, and the Shares covered by such Options will revert to this Plan.

 

  (g) Buyout Provisions

The Compensation Committee may at any time offer to buy out an Awards previously granted for a payment in cash or Shares, based on such terms and conditions as the Compensation Committee may establish.

 

9. Awards

 

  (a) Rights to Receive or Purchase

Awards may be issued either alone, in addition to, or in tandem with other Awards granted under this Plan and/or cash awards made outside of this Plan. After the Compensation Committee determines that it will offer Awards under this Plan, it will advise the offeree in writing or electronically of the terms, conditions and restrictions related to the offer, including the number of Shares that such person will be entitled to receive or purchase, the price to be paid, if any, and the time within which such person must accept such offer.

 

  (b) Repurchase Option; Forfeiture of Non-vested Shares

Unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise, the Award Agreement will grant the Company a repurchase option exercisable upon the voluntary or involuntary termination of the Holder’s service with the Company for any reason (including death or Disability) in the event that the Holder purchased or otherwise received Shares under the Award Agreement and such Shares are non-vested. The purchase price for Shares repurchased pursuant to the Award Agreement will be the original price paid by the Holder and may be paid, at the Compensation Committee’s option, by cancellation of any indebtedness of the Holder to the Company. The repurchase option will lapse at such rate as the Compensation Committee may determine. Except with respect to Shares purchased by Outside Directors and Consultants, unless set forth expressly in the Award Agreement, the repurchase option will in no case lapse at a rate of less than twenty-five percent per year over four years from the date of receipt or purchase. Unless the Compensation Committee determines otherwise, the Award Agreement will provide for the forfeiture of the non-vested Shares underlying an Award upon the voluntary or involuntary termination of the Holder’s service with the Company for any reason (including death or Disability).

 

  (c) Other Provisions

The Award Agreement will contain such other terms, provisions and conditions not inconsistent with this Plan as may be determined by the Compensation Committee in its sole discretion.

 

  (d) Rights as a Shareholder

Once an Award is exercised, the Holder will have rights equivalent to those of a shareholder and will be a shareholder when his or her purchase is entered upon the records of the duly authorized transfer agent of the Company. No adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the Award is exercised, except as provided in Section 10 below.


10. Adjustments Upon Changes in Capitalization or Asset Sale

 

  (a) Changes in Capitalization

Subject to any required action by the shareholders of the Company, the number of Shares covered by each outstanding Award, and the number of Shares which have been authorized for issuance under this Plan but as to which Awards have yet been granted or which have been returned to this Plan upon cancellation or expiration of an Award, as well as the price per Share covered by each such outstanding Award, will be proportionately adjusted for any increase or decrease in the number of issued Shares resulting from a reclassification of the Shares, or any other increase or decrease in the number of issued Shares effected without receipt of consideration by the Company. The conversion of any convertible securities of the Company will not be deemed to have been “effected without receipt of consideration.” Such adjustment will be made by the Compensation Committee, whose determination in that respect will be final and binding. Except as expressly provided herein, no issuance by the Company of equity shares of any class, or securities convertible into equity shares of any class, will affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof will be made with respect to, the number or price of Shares subject to an Award.

 

  (b) Adjustments for Share Splits and Share Dividends

If the Company at any time increases or decreases the number of its outstanding Shares, or changes in any way the rights and privileges of such Shares by means of the payment of a share dividend or any other distribution upon such Shares, or through a share split, subdivision, consolidation, combination, reclassification or recapitalization involving the Shares, then in relation to the Shares that are affected by one or more of the above events, the numbers, rights and privileges of the following will be increased, decreased or changed in like manner as if such Shares had been issued and outstanding, fully paid and nonassessable at the time of such occurrence: (i) the number of Shares as to which Awards may be made under this Plan: and (ii) the Shares included in each outstanding Award made hereunder.

 

  (c) Dissolution or Liquidation

In the event of the proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Company, the Compensation Committee will notify each Holder as soon as practicable prior to the effective date of such proposed transaction. The Compensation Committee in its discretion may provide for a Holder to have the right to exercise his or her Options until fifteen (15) days prior to such transaction as to all of the Underlying Shares covered thereby, including Shares as to which the Options would not otherwise be exercisable. In addition, the Compensation Committee may provide that any Company repurchase option applicable to any Shares purchased pursuant to an Award will lapse as to all such Shares, provided the proposed dissolution or liquidation takes place at the time and in the manner contemplated. To the extent it has not been previously exercised, an Award will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed action.

 

  (d) Consolidation or Asset Sale

If the Company is to be consolidated with or acquired by another person or entity in a sale of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets or stock or otherwise (an “Acquisition”), the committee or the board of directors of any entity assuming the obligations of the Company hereunder (the “Successor Board”) may in its sole discretion, take one or more of the following actions with respect to outstanding Options, Shares acquired upon exercise of any Option, outstanding RSUs, or unvested Restricted Shares: (i) make appropriate provision for the continuation of such Awards by substituting on an equitable basis for the Underlying Shares the consideration payable with respect to the outstanding Shares in connection with the Acquisition; (ii) accelerate the date of exercise of such Options, vesting and settlement of RSUs, or vesting of Restricted Shares, or of any installment of any such Options, RSUs or Restricted Shares; (iii) upon written notice to the participants, provide that all Options must be exercised, to the extent then exercisable, within a specified number of days of the date of such notice, at the end of which period the Options, including those


which are not then exercisable, shall terminate; (iv) terminate all Options or RSUs in exchange for a cash payment equal to the excess of the fair market value of the shares subject to such Options or RSUs (to the extent then exercisable) over the exercise price thereof (if any); or (v) in the event of a Share sale, require that the participant sell to the purchaser to whom such Shares sale is to be made, all Shares previously issued to such participant upon exercise of any Option, pursuant to any RSU, or as Restricted Shares at a price equal to the portion of the net consideration from such sale which is attributable to such Shares. Nothing contained herein will be deemed to require the Company to take, or refrain from taking, any one or more of the foregoing actions.

 

  (e) No Fractional Shares

If any adjustment or substitution provided for in this Section 10 results in the creation of a fractional Share under any Option, the Company will, in lieu of issuing such fractional Share, pay to the Holder a cash sum in the amount equal to the product of such fraction multiplied by the Fair Market Value of a Share on the date the fractional Share otherwise would have been issued.

 

  (f) Determination by the Compensation Committee

Adjustments under this Section 10 will be made by the Compensation Committee whose determinations with regard thereto will be final and binding upon all parties.

 

11. Time of Granting of Award

The date of grant of an Award will be the date on which the Compensation Committee makes the determination granting such Award, or such other date as is determined by the Compensation Committee; provided that such other date will not be prior to the date of the Compensation Committee’s determination to grant such Award; provided, further, that the foregoing will not prohibit the Compensation Committee from determining, in its discretion, to specify a vesting commencement date prior to the date of the grant. Notice of the determination will be given to each Service Provider to whom an Award is so granted within a reasonable time after the date of such grant.

 

12. Non-Transferability of Awards

Awards may not be sold, pledged, assigned, hypothecated, transferred, or disposed of in any manner other than as provided in the Award Agreement, this Plan, by will or by the laws of succession and may be exercised, during the lifetime of the Holder, only by the Holder.

 

13. Conditions Regarding Issuance of Shares

 

  (a) Legal Compliance

Shares will not be issued pursuant to the exercise of Options, the settlement of RSUs, or the purchase of Restricted Shares unless the issuance and delivery of such Shares will comply with Applicable Laws, and the issuance of Shares will be subject to confirmation from legal counsel for the Company as to such compliance.

 

  (b) Investment Representations

The Compensation Committee may require the person receiving Shares upon exercise of Options, settlement of RSUs, or purchase of Restricted Shares to represent and warrant, as a condition to such receipt, that the Shares are being purchased only for investment and not with a view to the distribution of such Shares.


  (c) Inability to Obtain Authority

The inability of the Company to obtain authority from any regulatory body having jurisdiction will relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue or sell such Shares as to which such requisite authority has not been obtained.

 

  (d) Withholding

The Company’s obligations to deliver Shares upon the exercise of an Award will be subject to the Holder’s satisfaction of all applicable Tax Law, including withholding requirements, of all applicable jurisdictions.

 

14. Amendment and Termination of this Plan

 

  (a) Amendment and Termination

The Board may at any time amend, suspend or terminate this Plan.

 

  (b) Shareholder Approval

The Board will obtain shareholder approval of any Plan amendment to the extent necessary or desirable to comply with Applicable Laws.

 

  (c) Effect of Amendment or Termination

Except as may be required by Applicable Law, no amendment, suspension or termination of this Plan will impair the rights of any Holder, unless agreed otherwise in writing between the Holder and the Compensation Committee. Termination of this Plan will not affect the Compensation Committee’s ability to exercise the powers granted to it hereunder with respect to Awards granted under this Plan prior to the date of such termination.

 

15. Effectiveness and Term of Plan

This Plan will become effective upon its adoption by the Board and approval by the Company’s shareholders. It will continue in effect, with regard to the making of Awards, for a term of ten (10) years unless sooner terminated under Section 14 above and with regard to the terms of an Award Agreement, for such longer term as may be required to give effect to that Award Agreement for a term of ten (10) years unless sooner terminated under Section 14 above.

 

   

Approved and adopted by the Board of Directors on December 31, 2008 and amended by the Board of Directors on March 16, 2009.

 

   

Approved and adopted by the Company’s shareholder on December 31, 2008 and amended by the Company’s shareholders on March 16, 2009.

Exhibit 10.2

FORM OF INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT

This Indemnification Agreement (“Agreement”) is made as of                      by and between Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands company (the “Company”), and                      (“Indemnitee”).

WHEREAS, the Company wishes to attract and retain the services of Indemnitee, to serve as a member of the board of directors (“Director”) or as an officer (“Officer”) of the Company; and

WHEREAS, the Company recognizes Indemnitee’s need for protection against personal liability for actions taken, or not taken, in good faith by Indemnitee in his or her capacity as a Director or Officer, as applicable, and in order to assure Indemnitee’s continued service to the Company, the Company wishes to provide in this Agreement for the indemnification of and the advancing of expenses to Indemnitee;

NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

1. Indemnification . Subject to the operation of Section 2, Indemnitee will be indemnified and held harmless by the Company to the fullest extent authorized by the Companies Law of the Cayman Islands (the “Companies Law”), as the same exists or may hereafter be amended (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Company to provide broader indemnification rights than such law permitted the Company to provide prior to such amendment) against any and all Expenses (as defined below), judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement, in each case to the extent actually incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection with any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding (as defined below) or any claim, issue or matter therein, which Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or participant in by reason of such Indemnitee’s status as a Director or Officer of the Company, as the case may be, if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful. The rights of indemnification provided by this Section 1 will exist as to Indemnitee after he or she has ceased to be a Director or Officer, as the case may be, and will inure to the benefit of his or her heirs, executors, administrators and personal representatives. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company will indemnify Indemnitee seeking indemnification in connection with a Proceeding initiated by Indemnitee only if such Proceeding was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Company. the Company hereby agrees to indemnify such Indemnitee’s heirs, executors, administrators and personal representatives as express third-party beneficiaries hereunder to the same extent and subject to the same limitations applicable to Indemnitee hereunder for claims arising out of the status of such persons as heirs, executors, administrators and personal representatives of an Indemnitee.

2. Good Faith . No indemnification will be provided pursuant to this Agreement if a determination is made by a court of appropriate jurisdiction that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.


3. Notice/Cooperation by Indemnitee . Indemnitee will, as a condition precedent to his or her right to be indemnified pursuant to this Agreement, give the Company notice in writing as soon as practicable of any claim made against Indemnitee for which indemnification will or could be sought under this Agreement. Such notice will contain the written affirmation of Indemnitee that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification hereunder has been satisfied. Notice to the Company will be directed to the Chief Executive Officer or Chairman of the Board of the Company in the manner set forth below. Indemnitee will give the Company such information and cooperation as it may reasonably require and as is within Indemnitee’s power. A delay in giving notice under this Section 3 will not invalidate Indemnitee’s right to be indemnified under this Agreement except to the extent such delay prejudices the defense of the claim or the availability to the Company of insurance coverage for such claim. All notices, requests, demands and other communications under this Agreement will be in writing and may be given by email, facsimile or similar writing and express mail or courier delivery or in person delivery, but not by ordinary mail delivery. All such notices, requests and other communications will be deemed received: (i) if given by email or fax, when transmitted to the email address or fax number specified on the signature page of this Agreement, upon receipt; (ii) if given by express mail, air courier or in person, when delivered.

4. Advancement of Expenses to Indemnitee Prior to Final Disposition . The Company will advance all Expenses incurred by or on behalf of Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding in which Indemnitee is involved by reason of Indemnitee’s status as a Director or Officer of the Company, as the case may be, within 10 days after the receipt by the Company of a written statement from Indemnitee requesting such advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement or statements will reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee and will be preceded or accompanied by an undertaking by or on behalf of Indemnitee to repay any Expenses so advanced if it is ultimately be determined that such Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified against such Expenses. Indemnitee’s obligation to reimburse the Company for any Expenses will be unsecured and will be accepted by the Company without reference to Indemnitee’s ability to repay Expenses.

5. Nature of Rights . The failure of the Company (including its Board of Directors or any committee or subgroup thereof, independent legal counsel, or shareholders) to make a determination concerning the permissibility of such indemnification or advancement of Expenses for Indemnitee will not be a defense to the action and will not create a presumption that such indemnification or advancement is not permissible. It is the parties’ intention that if the Company contests Indemnitee’s right to indemnification, the question of Indemnitee’s right to indemnification will be for the court of appropriate jurisdiction to decide, and neither the failure of the Company (including its Board of Directors, any committee or subgroup of the Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its shareholders) to have made a determination that indemnification of Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct required by applicable law, nor an actual determination by Indemnitee (including its Board of Directors, any committee or subgroup of the Board of Directors, independent legal counsel, or its shareholders) that the Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct will create a presumption that Indemnitee has or


has not met the applicable standard of conduct. Accordingly, if Indemnitee has commenced or thereafter commences legal proceedings in a court of competent jurisdiction to secure a determination that Indemnitee is entitled to be indemnified hereunder under applicable law, then (x) Indemnitee will not be required to reimburse the Company for any Expenses theretofore paid in indemnifying Indemnitee and (y) Indemnitee will be entitled to receive interim payments of Expenses pursuant to Section 4, in each case until a determination is made by such court in respect of Indemnitee’s claim for indemnification.

6. Non-Exclusivity of Rights . The rights to indemnification and advancement of Expenses set forth in this Agreement will not be exclusive of any other right that Indemnitee may have or may hereafter acquire under any statute, provision of the Articles of Association or Memorandum of Association of the Company, vote of shareholders or Directors of the Company or otherwise.

7. Partial and Mandatory Indemnification .

(a) If Indemnitee is entitled under any provision of this Agreement to indemnification by the Company for some or a portion of the Expenses, judgments, fines or penalties actually or reasonably incurred by him or her in the investigation, defense, appeal or settlement of any Proceeding, but not, however, for the total amount thereof, the Company will nevertheless indemnify Indemnitee for the portion of such Expenses, judgments, fines or penalties to which Indemnitee is entitled. Attorneys’ fees and expenses will not be prorated but will be deemed to apply to the portion of indemnification to which Indemnitee is entitled.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, but subject to Section 8, to the extent that Indemnitee has been successful on the merits or otherwise, including, without limitation, the dismissal of an action without prejudice, in defense of any Proceeding, Indemnitee will be indemnified against all Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection therewith.

8. Mutual Acknowledgment . By accepting any potential benefits under this Agreement, Indemnitee acknowledges that in certain instances, applicable law or public policy may prohibit the Company from indemnifying Indemnitee pursuant to this Agreement or otherwise.

9. Insurance . The Company may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and Indemnitee against any liability of any character asserted against or incurred by the Company or Indemnitee, or arising out of Indemnitee’s status as a Director or Officer of the Company, as the case may be, whether or not the Company would have the power to indemnify Indemnitee against such liability under the Companies Law or the provisions of this Agreement. To the extent the Company maintains liability insurance applicable to directors, officers, managers, employees, agents or fiduciaries, Indemnitee will be covered by such policies in such a manner as to provide Indemnitee the same rights and benefits as are provided to the most favorably insured of the Company’s directors, officers, managers, employees, agents or fiduciaries.


10. Settlements . The Company will not be liable to Indemnitee under this Agreement for any amounts paid in settlement of any threatened or pending Proceeding effected without the Company’s prior written consent. The Company will not, without the prior written consent of the Indemnitee, effect any settlement of any threatened or pending Proceeding which Indemnitee is or could have been a party unless such settlement solely involves the payment of money and includes a complete and unconditional release of the Indemnitee from all liability on any claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding. Neither the Company nor Indemnitee will unreasonably withhold its consent to any proposed settlement; provided that Indemnitee may withhold consent to any settlement that does not provide a complete and unconditional release of Indemnitee.

11. Definitions . For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms will have the following meanings:

(a) “Expenses” means all reasonable attorneys’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of expert witnesses, private investigators and professional advisors (including, without limitation, accountants and investment bankers), travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, costs of preparation of demonstrative evidence and other courtroom presentation aids and devices, costs incurred in connection with document review, organization, imaging and computerization, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and all other disbursements, costs or expenses of the type customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in, settling or otherwise participating in, a Proceeding.

(b) “Proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, inquiry, investigation, administrative hearing or other proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, arbitrative or investigative.

12. Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which will constitute an original and all of which together will constitute a single agreement.

13. Successors and Assigns . This Agreement will be binding upon the Company and its respective successors and assigns, including any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger to which the Company (or any of its wholly owned subsidiaries) is a party which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees, agents or fiduciaries, so that if Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee, agent or fiduciary of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust or other enterprise, Indemnitee will stand in the same position under the provisions of this Agreement with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as Indemnitee would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.

14. Attorneys’ Fees . In the event that any action is instituted by Indemnitee under this Agreement to enforce or interpret any of the terms hereof, Indemnitee will be entitled to be paid all court costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by Indemnitee with respect to such action, unless as a part of such action, the court of competent jurisdiction determines that each of the


material assertions made by Indemnitee as a basis for such action were not made in good faith or were frivolous. In the event of an action instituted by or in the name of the Company under this Agreement or to enforce or interpret any of the terms of this Agreement, Indemnitee will be entitled to be paid all court costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by Indemnitee in defense of such action (including with respect to Indemnitee’s counterclaims and cross-claims made in such action), unless as a part of such action the court determines that each of Indemnitee’s material defenses to such action were made in bad faith or were frivolous.

15. Choice of Law . This Agreement will be governed by and its provisions construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without application of the conflict of law principles thereof.

16. Consent to Jurisdiction .

(a) Each party hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits, for itself and its property, to the exclusive jurisdiction of the New York state courts located in the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York or the United States District for the Southern District of New York (as applicable, a “New York Court”), and any appellate court from any such court, in any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement, or for recognition or enforcement of any judgment resulting from any such suit, action or proceeding, and each party hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees that all claims in respect of any such suit, action or proceeding may be heard and determined in a New York Court.

(b) It will be a condition precedent to a party’s right to bring any such suit, action or proceeding that such suit, action or proceeding, in the first instance, be brought in a New York Court (unless such suit, action or proceeding is brought solely to obtain discovery or to enforce a judgment), and if each such court refuses to accept jurisdiction with respect thereto, such suit, action or proceeding may be brought in any other court with jurisdiction.

(c) No party may move to (i) transfer any such suit, action or proceeding from a New York Court to another jurisdiction, (ii) consolidate any such suit, action or proceeding brought in a New York Court with a suit, action or proceeding in another jurisdiction unless such motion seeks solely and exclusively to consolidate such suit, action or proceeding in a New York Court, or (iii) dismiss any such suit, action or proceeding brought in a New York Court for the purpose of bringing or defending the same in another jurisdiction.

(d) Each party hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waives, to the fullest extent it may legally and effectively do so, (i) any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any suit, action or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement in a New York Court, (ii) the defense of an inconvenient forum to the maintenance of such suit, action or proceeding in a New York Court, and (iii) the right to object, with respect to such suit, action or proceeding, that such court does not have jurisdiction over such person. Each party irrevocably consents to service of process in any manner permitted by law.


17. Severability . The provisions of this Agreement will be severable in the event that any of the provisions hereof (including any provision within a single section, paragraph or sentence) are held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, void or otherwise unenforceable, and the remaining provisions will remain enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law. Furthermore, to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of the Agreement (including without limitation each portion of this Agreement containing any provision held to be invalid, void or otherwise unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, void or unenforceable) will be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provision held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.

18. Subrogation . In the event of payment under this Agreement, the Company will be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who will execute all documents required and will do all acts that may be reasonably necessary to secure such rights and to enable the Company effectively to bring suit to enforce such rights.

19. Amendment and Termination . No amendment, waiver or termination of this Agreement will be effective unless it is in writing signed by both the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement will be deemed to be or will constitute a waiver of any other provisions hereof (whether or not similar), nor will such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.

20. Integration and Entire Agreement . This Agreement sets forth the entire understanding between the parties hereto and supersedes and merges all previous written and oral negotiations, commitments, understandings and agreements relating to the subject matter hereof between the parties hereto.

21. No Construction as Employment Agreement . Nothing contained in this Agreement will be construed as giving Indemnitee any right to be retained in the employ of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliated entities.

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED     INDEMNITEE:
By:  

 

   

 

Name:

Title:

    Name:

Address:

Email:

Fax:

   

Address:

Email:

Fax:

[Signature Page to Indemnification Agreement]

Exhibit 10.3

FORM OF EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

EXECUTIVE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (this “Agreement’), effective as of March      , 2009, by and between Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands company (the “Company”), and                      , an individual (the “Employee”).

1. Definitions . Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined in the text below will have the meanings ascribed thereto on Annex 1 .

2. Employment; Duties .

(a) The Company agrees to employ the Employee in the capacity and with such responsibilities as are generally set forth on Annex 2 .

(b) The Employee hereby agrees to devote his full time and best efforts in such capacities as are set forth on Annex 2 on the terms and conditions set forth herein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Employee may engage in other activities, such as activities involving professional, charitable, educational, religious and similar types of organizations, provided that the Employee complies with the Employee Non-competition, Non-solicitation, Confidential Information and Work Product Agreement attached hereto as Annex 3 (the “Employee Obligations Agreement”) and such other activities do not interfere with or prohibit the performance of the Employee’s duties under this Agreement, or conflict in any material way with the business of the Company or of its subsidiaries and affiliates (including the Company’s variable interest entities).

(c) The Employee will use best efforts during the Term to ensure that the Company’s business and those of its subsidiaries and variable interest entities are conducted in accordance with all applicable laws and regulations of all jurisdictions in which such businesses are conducted.

3. Compensation .

(a) Base Annual Income . During the Term, the Company will pay the Employee an annual base salary as set forth on Annex 2 , payable monthly pursuant to the Company’s normal payroll practices.

(b) Discretionary Bonus . During the Term, the Company, in its sole discretion, may award to the Employee an annual bonus based on the Employee’s performance and other factors deemed relevant by the Company’s Board of Directors.

(c) Share Incentive Awards . The Employee will be eligible to participate in any share incentive programs available to officers or employees of the Company.

(d) Reimbursement of Expenses . The Company will reimburse the Employee for reasonable expenses incurred by the Employee in the course of, and necessary in connection with, the performance by the Employee of his or her duties to the Company, provided that such expenses are substantiated in accordance with the Company’s policies.


4. Other Employee Benefits .

(a) Vacation; Sick Leave . The Employee will be entitled to such number of weeks of paid vacation each year as are set forth on Annex 2 , the taking of which must be coordinated with the Employee’s supervisor in accordance with the Company’s standard vacation policy. Unless otherwise approved by the Company’s Board of Directors, vacation that is not used in a particular year may only be carried forward to subsequent years in accordance with the Company’s policies in effect from time to time. The Employee will be eligible for sick leave in accordance with the Company’s policies in effect from time to time.

(b) Healthcare Plan . The Company will arrange for membership in the Company’s group healthcare plan for the Employee and the Employee’s spouse, in accordance with the Company’s standard policies from time to time with respect to health insurance and in accordance with the rules established for individual participation in such plan and under applicable law.

(c) Life and Disability Insurance . The Company will provide term life and disability insurance payable to the Employee, in each case in an amount up to a maximum of one times the Employee’s base salary in effect from time to time, provided however, that such amount will be reduced by the amount of any life insurance or death or disability benefit coverage, as applicable, that is provided to the Employee under any other benefit plans or arrangements of the Company. Such policies will be in accordance with the Company’s standard policies from time to time with respect to such insurance and the rules established for individual participation in such plans and under applicable law.

(d) Other Benefits . Pursuant to the Company’s policies in effect from time to time and the applicable plan rules, the Employee will be eligible to participate in the other employee benefit plans of general application, which may include, without limitation, housing allowance or reimbursement and in which, in any event, shall include the benefits at the levels set forth on Annex 2 .

5. Certain Representations, Warranties and Covenants of the Employee .

(a) Related Company Positions . The Employee agrees that the Employee and members of the Employee’s immediate family will not have any financial interest directly or indirectly (including through any entity in which the Employee or any member of the Employee’s immediate family has a position or financial interest) in any transactions with the Company or any subsidiaries or affiliates (including the Company’s variable interest entities) thereof unless all such transactions, prior to being entered into, have been disclosed to the Board of Directors and approved by a majority of the independent members of the Board of Directors and comply with all other Company policies and applicable law as may be in effect from time to time. The Employee also agrees that he or she will inform the Board of Directors of the Company of any transactions involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates (including the Company’s variable interest entities) in which senior officers, including but not limited to the Employee, or their immediate family members have a financial interest.


(b) Discounts, Rebates or Commissions . Unless expressly permitted by written policies and procedures of the Company in effect from time to time that may be applicable to the Employee, neither the Employee nor any immediate family member will be entitled to receive or obtain directly or indirectly any discount, rebate or commission in respect of any sale or purchase of goods or services effected or other business transacted (whether or not by the Employee) by or on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or affiliates (including the Company’s variable interest entities), and if the Employee or any immediate family member (or any firm or company in which the Employee or any immediate family member is interested) obtains any such discount, rebate or commission, the Employee will pay to the Company an amount equal to the amount so received (or the proportionate amount received by any such firm or company to the extent of the Employee’s or family member’s interest therein).

6. Term; Termination .

(a) Unless sooner terminated pursuant to the provisions of this Section 6, the term of this Agreement (the “Term”) will commence on the date hereof and end on December 31, 2011.

(b) Voluntary Termination by the Employee . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Employee may voluntarily Terminate this Agreement by providing the Company with ninety (90) days’ advance written notice (“Voluntary Termination”), in which case, the Employee will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the Termination other than accrued salary and vacation through the date of the Termination. The Employee’s right to all other benefits will terminate as of the date of Termination, other than any continuation required by applicable law. Without limiting the foregoing, if, in connection with a Change in Control, the surviving entity or successor to Changyou’s business offers the Employee employment on substantially equivalent terms to those set forth in this Agreement and such offer is not accepted by the Employee, the refusal by the Employee to accept such offer and the subsequent termination of the Employee’s employment by the Company shall be deemed to be a voluntary termination of employment by the Employee and shall not be treated as a termination by the Company without Cause.

(c) Termination by the Company for Cause . Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Company may Terminate this Agreement for Cause by written notice to the Employee, effective immediately upon the delivery of such notice. In such case, the Employee will not be entitled to receive payment of any severance benefits or other amounts by reason of the Termination other than accrued salary and vacation through the date of the Termination. The Employee’s right to all other benefits will terminate, other than any continuation required by applicable law.

(d) Termination by the Employee with Good Reason or Termination by the Company without Cause . Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Employee may Terminate this Agreement for Good Reason, and the Company may Terminate this Agreement without Cause, in either case upon thirty (30) days’ advance written notice by the party Terminating this Agreement to the other party and the Termination shall be effective as of the expiration of such thirty (30) day period. If the Employee


Terminates with Good Reason or the Company Terminates without Cause, the Employee will be entitled to continue to receive payment of severance benefits equal to the Employee’s monthly base salary in effect on the date of Termination for the shorter of (i) six (6) months and (ii) the remainder of the Term of this Agreement (the “Severance Period”), provided that the Employee complies with the Employee Obligations Agreement during the Severance Period and executes a release agreement in the form requested by the Company at the time of such Termination that releases the Company from any and all claims arising from or related to the employment relationship and/or such Termination. Such payments will be made ratably over the Severance Period according to the Company’s standard payroll schedule. The Employee will also receive payment of the bonus for the remainder of the year of the Termination, but only to the extent that the bonus would have been earned had the Employee continued in employment through the end of such year, as determined in good faith by the Company’s CEO, Board of Directors or its Compensation Committee based on the specific corporate and individual performance targets established for such fiscal year, and only to the extent that bonuses are paid for such fiscal year to other similarly situated employees. Health insurance benefits with the same coverage provided to the Employee prior to the Termination (e.g., medical, dental, optical, mental health) and in all other material respects comparable to those in place immediately prior to the Termination will be provided at the Company’s expense during the Severance Period. The Company will also continue to carry the Employee on its Directors and Officers insurance policy for six (6) years following the Date of Termination at the Company’s expense with respect to insurable events which occurred during the Employee’s term as a director or officer of the Company, with such coverage being at least comparable to that in effect immediately prior to the Termination Date; provided, however, that (i) such terms, conditions and exceptions will not be, in the aggregate, materially less favorable to the Employee than those in effect on the Termination Date and (ii) if the aggregate annual premiums for such insurance at any time during such period exceed two hundred percent (200%) of the per annum rate of premium currently paid by the Company for such insurance, then the Company will provide the maximum coverage that will then be available at an annual premium equal to two hundred percent (200%) of such rate.

(e) Termination by Reason of Death or Disability . A Termination of the Employee’s employment by reason of death or Disability shall not be deemed to be a Termination by the Company (for or without Cause) or by the Employee (for or without Good Reason). In the event that the Employee’s employment with the Company Terminates as a result of the Employee’s death or Disability, the Employee or the Employee’s estate or representative, as applicable, will receive all accrued salary and accrued vacation as of the date of the Employee’s death or Disability and any other benefits payable under the Company’s then existing benefit plans and policies in accordance with such plans and policies in effect on the date of death or Disability and in accordance with applicable law. In addition, the Employee or the Employee’s estate or representative, as applicable, will receive the bonus for the year in which the death or Disability occurs to the extent that a bonus would have been earned had the Employee continued in employment through the end of such year, as determined in good faith by the Company’s CEO, Board of Directors or its Compensation Committee based on the specific corporate and individual performance targets established for such fiscal year, and only to the extent that bonuses are paid for such fiscal year to other similarly situated employees.


(f) Misconduct After Termination of Employment . Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything contained herein to the contrary, if the Employee after the termination of his or her employment violates or fails to fully comply with the Employee Obligations Agreement, thereafter (1) the Employee shall not be entitled to any payments from the Company, (2) any insurance or other benefits that have continued shall terminate immediately, (3) the Employee shall promptly reimburse to the Company all amounts that have been paid to the Employee pursuant to this Section 6; and (4) if the Employee would not, in the absence of such violation or failure to comply, have been entitled to severance payments from the Company equal to at least six (6) months’ base salary, the Employee shall pay to the Company an amount equal to the difference between six (6) months’ base salary and the amount of severance pay measured by base salary reimbursed to the Company by the Employee pursuant to clause 3 of this sentence.

7. Employee Obligations Agreement . By signing this Agreement, the Employee hereby agrees to execute and deliver to the Company the Employee Obligations Agreement, and such execution and delivery shall be a condition to the Employee’s entitlement to his or her rights under this Agreement.

8. Governing Law . This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to the conflicts of law principles thereof.

9. Dispute Resolution .

(a) At the option of the party initiating the claim, any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement may be submitted to the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (“HKIAC”) in accordance with its arbitration rules. The award rendered in such an arbitration proceeding will be final and binding and judgment on the award rendered may be entered in any court having jurisdiction over the parties.

(b) The number of arbitrators will be three, one of whom will be appointed by the party asserting a claim against the other party or parties, one of whom will be appointed by the party or parties (acting together), as the case may be, against whom a claim has been asserted, and the third of whom will be selected by mutual agreement, if possible, within thirty days after the selection of the second arbitrator.

(c) The language of the arbitration will be Mandarin Chinese and any foreign language documents presented at such arbitration will be accompanied by a Mandarin Chinese translation thereof that shall be prepared at the expense of the party seeking to present such document.

(d) Any award of the arbitrators (i) will be in writing, (ii) will state the reasons upon which such award is based and (iii) may include an award of costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements.


(e) The arbitrators will have no authority to award punitive damages or any other damages not measured by the prevailing party’s actual damages, and may not, in any event, make any ruling, finding or award that does not conform to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

(f) Notwithstanding the foregoing, any party may apply to any court having jurisdiction over the parties to obtain injunctive relief in order to maintain the status quo until such time as an arbitration award may be rendered or the dispute, controversy or claim may be otherwise resolved.

10. Notices . All notices, requests and other communications under this Agreement will be in writing (including email, facsimile or similar writing and express mail or courier delivery or in person delivery, but excluding ordinary mail delivery) and will be given to the address stated below:

 

  (a) if to the Employee, by email or to the address or facsimile number that is on file with the Company from time to time, as may be updated by the Employee;

 

  (b) if to the Company:

Changyou.com Limited

East Tower, Jin Yan Building

29 Shijingshan Road

Shijingshan District, Beijing, PRC 100043

Fax: 86-10-6272-6588

Attention: Charles Zhang

                  Chairman of the Board of Directors

Fax: 86-10-6272-6588

Email: charles@sohu-inc.com

with a copy to:

Goulston & Storrs, P.C.

400 Atlantic Avenue

Boston, MA 02110, U.S.A.

Attention: Timothy B. Bancroft, Esq.

Fax: (617) 574-7568

Email: tbancroft@goulstonstorrs.com

or to such other email address, address or facsimile number as either party may hereafter specify for the purpose by written notice to the other party in the manner provided in this Section 10. All such notices, requests and other communications will be deemed received: (i) if given by email or facsimile transmission, when transmitted to the email address or facsimile number specified in this Section 10 if confirmation of receipt is received; (ii) if given by express mail or courier delivery, five (5) days after sent; and (iii) if given in person, when delivered.


11. Miscellaneous .

(a) Entire Agreement . This Agreement, together with the Employee Obligation Agreement, constitutes the entire understanding between the Company and the Employee relating to the subject matter hereof and supersedes and cancels all prior and contemporaneous written and oral agreements and understandings with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement. No agreements or representations, oral or otherwise, express or implied, with respect to the subject matter hereof have been made by either party which are not set forth expressly in this Agreement.

(b) Modification; Waiver . No provision of this Agreement may be modified, waived or discharged unless modification, waiver or discharge is agreed to in writing signed by the Employee and such officer of the Company as may be specifically designated by its Board of Directors. No waiver by either party at any time of any breach by the other party of, or compliance with, any condition or provision of this Agreement to be performed by such other party will be deemed a waiver of similar or dissimilar provisions or conditions at the same or at any prior or subsequent time.

(c) Successors; Binding Agreement . This Agreement will be binding upon and will inure to the benefit of the Employee, the Employee’s heirs, executors, administrators and beneficiaries, and the Company and its successors (whether direct or indirect, by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise), subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein.

(d) Withholding Taxes . All amounts payable to the Employee under this Agreement will be subject to applicable withholding of income, wage and other taxes to the extent required by applicable law.

(e) Validity . The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision or provisions of this Agreement will not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement, which will remain in full force and effect.

(f) Language . This Agreement is written in the English language only. The English language also will be the controlling language for all future communications between the parties hereto concerning this Agreement.

(g) Counterparts . This Agreement may be signed in any number of counterparts, each of which will be deemed an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument.

[remainder of this page intentionally left blank]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement effective as of March      , 2009.

 

Signature of Employee:     Changyou.com Limited

 

    By:  

 

Printed name of employee:

     

Name:

Title:


Annex 1

Certain Definitions

“Cause” means:

 

  (i) willful misconduct or gross negligence by the Employee, or any willful or grossly negligent omission to perform any act, resulting in injury to the Company or any subsidiaries or affiliates (including the Company’s variable interest entities) thereof;

 

  (ii) misconduct or negligence of the Employee that results in gain or personal enrichment of the Employee to the detriment of the Company or any subsidiaries or affiliates (including the Company’s variable interest entities) thereof;

 

  (iii) breach of any of the Employee’s agreements with the Company, including those set forth herein and in the Employee Obligations Agreement, and including, but not limited to, the repeated failure to perform substantially the Employee’s duties to the Company or any subsidiaries or affiliates (including the Company’s variable interest entities) thereof, excessive absenteeism or dishonesty;

 

  (iv) any attempt by the Employee to assign or delegate this Agreement or any of the rights, duties, responsibilities, privileges or obligations hereunder without the prior consent of the Company (except in respect of any delegation by the Employee of his employment duties hereunder to other employees of the Company in accordance with its usual business practice);

 

  (v) the Employee’s indictment or conviction for, or confession of, a felony or any crime involving moral turpitude under the laws of the United States or any State thereof, or under the laws of China, or Hong Kong;

 

  (vi) declaration by a court that the Employee is insane or incompetent to manage his business affairs;

 

  (vii) habitual drug or alcohol abuse which materially impairs the Employee’s ability to perform his duties; or

 

  (viii) filing of any petition or other proceeding seeking to find the Employee bankrupt or insolvent.

“Change in Control” means the occurrence of any of the following events:

 

  (i)

any person (within the meaning of Section 13(d) or Section 14(d)(2) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) other than the Company, any trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or any corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same


 

proportion as their ownership of stock of the Company, becomes the direct or beneficial owner of securities representing fifty percent (50%) or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then-outstanding securities;

 

  (ii) during any period of two (2) consecutive years after the date of this Agreement, individuals who at the beginning of such period constitute the Board of Directors of the Company, and all new directors (other than directors designated by a person who has entered into an agreement with the Company to effect a transaction described in (i), (iii), or (iv) of this definition) whose election or nomination to the Board was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the directors then in office, cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the members of the Board;

 

  (iii) the effective date of a merger or consolidation of the Company with any other entity, other than a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Company outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity) more than 50% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of the surviving entity outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation and with the power to elect at least a majority of the board of directors or other governing body of such surviving entity;

 

  (iv) the complete liquidation of the Company or the sale or disposition by the Company of all or substantially all of the Company’s assets; or

 

  (v) there occurs any other event of a nature that would be required to be reported in response to Item 6(e) of Schedule 14A of Regulation 14A (or a response to any similar item on any similar schedule or form) promulgated under the Exchange Act (as defined below), whether or not the Company is then subject to such reporting requirement.

“Company” means Changyou.com Limited and, unless the context suggests to the contrary, all of its subsidiaries and related companies.

“Disability” means the Employee becomes physically or mentally impaired to an extent which renders him or her unable to perform the essential functions of his or her job, with or without reasonable accommodation, for a period of six consecutive months, or an aggregate of nine months in any two year period.

“Good Reason” means the occurrence of any of the following events without the Employee’s express written consent, provided that the Employee has given notice to the Company of such event and the Company has not remedied the problem within fifteen (15) days:

 

  (i) any significant change in the duties and responsibilities of the Employee inconsistent in any material and adverse respect with the Employee’s title and position (including status, officer positions and reporting requirements), authority, duties or responsibilities as contemplated by Annex 2 to this Agreement. For the purposes of this


     Agreement, because of the evolving nature of the Employer’s business, the Company’s changing of Employee’s reporting relationships and department(s) will not be considered a significant change in duties and responsibilities;

 

  (ii) any material breach by the Company of this Agreement, including without limitation any reduction of the Employee’s base salary or the Company’s failure to pay to the Employee any portion of the Employee’s compensation; or

 

  (iii) the failure, in the event of a Change in Control in which the Company is not the surviving entity, of the surviving entity or the successor to the Company’s business to assume this Agreement pursuant to its terms or to offer the Employee employment on substantially equivalent terms to those set forth in this Agreement.

“Termination” (and any similar, capitalized use of the term, such as “Terminate”) means, according to the context, the termination of this Agreement or the Employee’s ceasing to render employment services.

 


Annex 2

Particular Terms of Employee’s Employment

Title(s): Chief [            ] Officer

 

Reporting Requirement: The Employee will report to the Company’s Board of Directors and to the Company’s Chief Executive Officer.

 

Responsibilities: Such duties and responsibilities as are ordinarily associated with the Employee’s title(s) in a United States publicly-traded corporation and such other duties as may be specified by the Board of Directors from time to time.

 

Job Location: The Employee’s duties shall be rendered at the Company’s headquarters located in Beijing, China , or at such other place or places and at such times as the needs of the Company may from time-to-time dictate.

 

Base Salary:             $[            ]            per year

# of Weeks of Paid Vacation per Year:             (    )

Other Benefits:


Annex 3

FORM OF EMPLOYEE NON-COMPETITION, NON-SOLICITATION,

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND WORK PRODUCT AGREEMENT

Exhibit 10.4

FORM OF EXECUTIVE EMPLOYEE NON-COMPETITION, NON-SOLICITATION,

CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION AND WORK PRODUCT AGREEMENT

In consideration of my employment and the compensation paid to me by Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Island company, or a subsidiary or variable interest entity thereof (Changyou.com Limited or any such subsidiary or variable interest entity referred to herein individually and collectively as “Changyou”), and the equity shares in Changyou.com Limited transferred to me by an indirect subsidiary of Changyou.com Limited’s ultimate parent company, Sohu.com Inc., and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, I agree as follows:

1. Non-Competition . During the term of my employment agreement with Changyou.com Limited and continuing after the termination of such employment agreement for the longer of (i) one year after the termination of such employment agreement for any reason and (ii) such period of time as Changyou is paying to me any severance benefits (the “Noncompete Period”), I will not, on my own behalf, or as owner, manager, stockholder (other than as stockholder of less than 2% of the outstanding stock of a company that is publicly traded or listed on a stock exchange), consultant, director, officer or employee of or in any other manner connected with any business entity, participate or be involved in any Competitor without the prior written authorization of Changyou. “Competitor” means any business of the type and character of business in which Changyou or any of the Related Companies (as defined below) engages or proposes to engage and may include, without limitation, an individual, company, enterprise, partnership enterprise, government office, committee, social organization or other organization that, in any event, produces, distributes or provides the same or substantially similar kind of product or service as Changyou or such Related Company. As used in this Section 1, the term “Related Companies” means, collectively, Sohu.com Inc., a Delaware corporation, and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and variable interest entities, other than Changyou.com Limited and its direct and indirect subsidiaries and variable interest entities. On the date of this Employee Non-competition, Non-solicitation, Confidential Information and Work Product Agreement (this “Agreement”), “Competitor” of Changyou includes without limitation: Shanda Interactive Entertainment Limited, Netease.com Inc., Tencent Holdings Ltd., Perfect World Co. Ltd, Giant Interactive Group, Inc., The9 Limited, Netdragon Websoft, Inc., and KingSoft Corporation Limited. “Competitor” of the Related Companies includes without limitation: Sina Corporation, Yahoo Inc., Baidu, Inc., Google Inc., Tom Group Ltd., Linktone Ltd., and Kongzhong Corp.

2. Nonsolicitation . During the Noncompete Period, I will not, either for my own account or for the account of any other person: (i) solicit, induce, attempt to hire, or hire any employee or contractor of Changyou or any of the Related Companies or any other person who may have been employed or engaged by Changyou or any of the Related Companies during the term of my employment with Changyou unless that person has not worked with Changyou or any of the Related Companies within the six months following my last day of employment with Changyou; (ii) solicit business or relationship in competition with Changyou or any of the Related


Companies from any of Changyou’s or any of the Related Companies’ customers, suppliers or partners or any other entity with which Changyou or any of the Related Companies does business; (iii) assist in such hiring or solicitation by any other person or business entity or encourage any such employee to terminate his or her employment with Changyou or any of the Related Companies; or (iv) encourage any such customer, supplier or partner or any other entity to terminate its relationship with Changyou or any of the Related Companies.

3. Confidential Information .

(a) While employed by Changyou and indefinitely thereafter, I will not, directly or indirectly, use any Confidential Information (as hereinafter defined) other than pursuant to my employment by and for the benefit of Changyou or, to the extent applicable, any of the Related Companies, or disclose any such Confidential Information to anyone outside of Changyou or to anyone within Changyou who has not been authorized to receive such information, except as directed in writing by an authorized representative of Changyou.

(b) “Confidential Information” means all trade secrets, proprietary information, and other data and information, in any form, belonging to Changyou or any of the Related Companies or any of their respective clients, customers, consultants, licensees or affiliates that is held in confidence by Changyou or any of the Related Companies. Confidential Information includes, but is not limited to computer software, the structure of Changyou’s online game development platform, business plans and arrangements, customer lists, marketing materials, financial information, research, and any other information identified or treated as confidential by Changyou or any of their respective clients, customer, consultants, licensees or affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Confidential Information does not include information which Changyou or any of the Related Companies has voluntarily disclosed to the public without restriction, or which is otherwise known to the public at large.

4. Rights in Work Product .

(a) I agree that all Work Product (as hereinafter defined) will be the sole property of Changyou. I agree that all Work Product that constitutes original works of authorship protectable by copyright are “works made for hire,” as that term is defined in the United States Copyright Act and, therefore, the property of Changyou. I agree to waive, and hereby waive and irrevocably and exclusively assign to Changyou, all right, title and interest I may have in or to any other Work Product and, to the extent that such rights may not be waived or assigned, I agree not to assert such rights against Changyou or its licensees (and sublicensees), successors or assigns.

(b) I agree to promptly disclose all Work Product to the appropriate individuals in Changyou as such Work Product is created in accordance with the requirements of my job and as directed by Changyou.

(c) “Work Product” means any and all inventions, improvements, developments, concepts, ideas, expressions, processes, prototypes, plans, drawings, designs, models, formulations, specifications, methods, techniques, shop-practices, discoveries, innovations, creations, technologies, formulas, algorithms, data, computer databases, reports, laboratory notebooks, papers, writings,


photographs, source and object codes, software programs, other works of authorship, and know-how and show-how, or parts thereof conceived, developed, or otherwise made by me alone or jointly with others (i) during the period of my employment with Changyou or (ii) during the six month period next succeeding the termination of my employment with Changyou if the same in any way relates to the present or proposed products, programs or services of Changyou or to tasks assigned to me during the course of my employment, whether or not patentable or subject to copyright or trademark protection, whether or not reduced to tangible form or reduced to practice, whether or not made during my regular working hours, and whether or not made on Changyou premises.

5. Employee’s Prior Obligations . I hereby certify I have no continuing obligation to any previous employer or other person or entity which requires me not to disclose any information to Changyou.

6. Employee’s Obligation to Cooperate . At any time during my employment with Changyou and thereafter upon the request or Changyou, I will execute all documents and perform all lawful acts that Changyou considers necessary or advisable to secure its rights hereunder and to carry out the intent of this Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, I agree to render to Changyou or its nominee all reasonable assistance as may be required:

 

  (a) In the prosecution or applications for letters patent, foreign and domestic, or re-issues, extensions and continuations thereof;

 

  (b) In the prosecution or defense of interferences which may be declared involving any of said applications or patents;

 

  (c) In any administrative proceeding or litigation in which Changyou may be involved relating to any Work Product; and

 

  (d) In the execution of documents and the taking of all other lawful acts which Changyou considers necessary or advisable in creating and protecting its copyright, patent, trademark, trade secret and other proprietary rights in any Work Product.

The reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by me in rendering such assistance at the request of Changyou will be reimbursed by Changyou. If I am no longer an employee of Changyou at the time I render such assistance, Changyou will pay me a reasonable fee for my time.

7. Termination; Return of Changyou Property . Upon the termination of my employment with Changyou for any reason, or at any time upon Changyou’s request, I will return to Changyou all Work Product and Confidential Information and notes, memoranda, records, customer lists, proposals, business plans and other documents, computer software, materials, tools, equipment and other property in my possession or under my control, relating to any work done for Changyou, or otherwise belonging to Changyou, it being acknowledged that all such items are the sole property of Changyou. Further, before obtaining my final paycheck, I agree to sign a certificate stating the following:

“Termination Certificate

This is to certify that I do not have in my possession or custody, nor have I failed to return, any Work Product (as defined in the Employee Non-competition, Non-solicitation, Confidential Information and Work Product Agreement between Changyou.com Limited (“Changyou”) and me) or any notes, memoranda, records, customer lists, proposals, business plans or other documents or any computer software, materials, tools, equipment or other property (or copies of any of the foregoing) belonging to Changyou.”


8. General Provisions .

(a) This Agreement contains the entire agreement between me and Changyou with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements and understandings related to the subject matter hereof, whether written or oral; provided however , that this Agreement shall not supersede (i) the Trade Secret and Confidentiality Agreement dated as of                     and (ii) the Non-Compete Agreement date as of                     , each between Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd., a company incorporated in the People’s Republic of China (the “Beijing AmazGame”), and me (collectively, the “Beijing AmazGame Agreements”), provided, however that in the event of a conflict between any provision of this Agreement and any provision of either of the Beijing AmazGame Agreements, the provision of this Agreement shall prevail. This Agreement may not be modified except by a written agreement signed by Changyou and me.

(b) This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York without regard to the conflicts of law principles thereof. At the option of the party initiating the claim, any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement may be submitted to the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (“HKIAC”) in accordance with its arbitration rules. The award rendered in such an arbitration proceeding will be final and binding and judgment on the award rendered may be entered in any court having jurisdiction over the parties. The number of arbitrators will be three, one of whom will be appointed by the party asserting a claim against the other party or parties, one of whom will be appointed by the party or parties (acting together), as the case may be, against whom a claim has been asserted, and the third of whom will be selected by mutual agreement, if possible, within thirty days after the selection of the second arbitrator. The language of the arbitration will be Mandarin Chinese and any foreign language documents presented at such arbitration will be accompanied by a Mandarin Chinese translation thereof that shall be prepared at the expense of the party seeking to present such document. Any award of the arbitrators (i) will be in writing, (ii) will state the reasons upon which such award is based and (iii) may include an award of costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements. The arbitrators will have no authority to award punitive damages or any other damages not measured by the prevailing party’s actual damages, and may not, in any event, make any ruling, finding or award that does not conform to the terms and conditions of this Agreement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any party may apply to any court having jurisdiction over the parties to obtain injunctive relief in order to maintain the status quo until such time as an arbitration award may be rendered or the dispute, controversy or claim may be otherwise resolved.


(c) In the event that any provision of this Agreement is determined by any court of competent jurisdiction to be unenforceable by reason of its extending for too great a period of time, over too large a geographic area, or over too great a range of activities, it will be interpreted to extend only over the maximum period of time, geographic area or range of activities as to which it may be enforceable.

(d) If, after application of paragraph (c) above, any provision of this Agreement will be determined to be invalid, illegal or otherwise unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction, the validity, legality and enforceability of the other provisions of this Agreement will not be affected thereby. Any invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision of this Agreement will be severed, and after any such severance, all other provisions hereof will remain in full force and effect.

(e) Changyou and I agree that either of us may waive or fail to enforce violations of any part of this Agreement without waiving the right in the future to insist on strict compliance with all or parts of this Agreement.

(f) My obligations under this Agreement will survive the termination of my employment with Changyou regardless of the manner of or reasons for such termination, and regardless of whether such termination constitutes a breach of any other agreement I may have with Changyou. My obligations under this Agreement will be binding upon my heirs, executors and administrators, and the provisions of this Agreement will inure to the benefit of the successors and assigns of Changyou.

(g) I agree and acknowledge that the rights and obligations set forth in this Agreement are of a unique and special nature and necessary to ensure the preservation, protection and continuity of Changyou’s and the Related Companies’ business, employees, Confidential Information, and intellectual property rights. Accordingly, Changyou is without an adequate legal remedy in the event of my violation of any of the covenants set forth in this Agreement. I agree, therefore, that, in addition to all other rights and remedies, at law or in equity or otherwise, that may be available to Changyou, each of the covenants made by me under this Agreement shall be enforceable by injunction, specific performance or other equitable relief, without any requirement that Changyou post a bond or that Changyou prove any damages.

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned employee and Changyou have executed this Employee Non-competition, Non-solicitation, Confidential Information and Work Product Agreement effective as of March     , 2009.

 

Signature of Employee:   Changyou.com Limited

 

  By:  

 

Printed name of employee:   Name:  
  Title:  

Exhibit 10.5

SHARE SUBSCRIPTION AGREEMENT


Share Subscription Agreement

This Share Subscription Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made as of January 15, 2009 among:

 

(1) CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED , a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Company”);

 

(2) PROMINENCE INVESTMENTS LTD (the “Subscriber”);

 

(3) solely for purposes of Section 3.4.1, Section 3.7.3, Section 4 and Section 6, SOHU.COM INC. , a Delaware corporation (“Sohu”); and

 

(4) solely for purposes of Section 3.4.1, SOHU.COM (GAME) LIMITED , a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands that is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Sohu (“Sohu Game”).

WHEREAS:

 

(A) In 2004, Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (“Beijing Fire Fox”) was formed as a subsidiary of Sohu (together with its subsidiaries and consolidated variable interest entities, the “Sohu Group”), to carry out Sohu Group’s MMORPG development;

 

(B) Upon the formation of Beijing Fire Fox, WANG Tao, who at the time was an employee of the Sohu Group, was granted a contingent right to receive a payment equal to 25% of the value of Beijing Fire Fox upon the occurrence of certain events;

 

(C) The Company was incorporated on August 6, 2007 as an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Sohu;

 

(D) In connection with the carve-out from the Sohu Group to the Company of Sohu Group’s MMORPG business, WANG Tao and Sohu agreed that Wang Tao’s contingent right in Beijing Fire Fox was modified to provide to WANG Tao an equity interest in the Company in lieu of such contingent right;

 

(E) WANG Tao has requested that Sohu cause such equity interest to be issued to the Subscriber;

 

(F) As of the date hereof, the Company’s authorized share capital consists of 109,774,000 ordinary shares with a par value of US$0.01 per share, consisting of (i) 9,774,000 Class B ordinary shares, of which 8,000,000 shares were issued and outstanding and held by Sohu Game, and (ii) 100,000,000 Class A ordinary shares, none of which has been issued and of which 9,774,000 shares are reserved for issuance upon the conversion of Class B ordinary shares pursuant to the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company;

 

(G) Pursuant to and in accordance with the foregoing, the Subscriber wishes to subscribe for 1,500,000 of the Company’s Class B ordinary shares (the “Subscribed Shares”), on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement and the Plan (as defined below), and the Company wishes to issue and allot such Subscribed Shares to the Subscriber; and


(H) Immediately following the issuance to the Subscriber of the Subscribed Shares pursuant to this Agreement, the Subscriber will hold 15% of the outstanding ordinary shares (consisting of Class A ordinary shares and Class B ordinary shares) of the Company on a fully-diluted basis, assuming for such purpose the issuance of all of the 2,000,000 Class A ordinary shares reserved for issuance under the Company’s 2008 Share Incentive Plan (the “Plan”), including the Subscribed Shares.

NOW THEREFORE IT IS HEREBY AGREED as follows:

 

1. INTERPRETATION

 

  1.1 In this Agreement, unless the context requires otherwise:

“Affiliate” shall have the same meaning as is assigned to it in the Memorandum and Articles of Association.

“Board” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

“Business Day” means a day (excluding a Saturday and a Sunday) on which banks generally are open in Hong Kong for the transaction of normal banking business.

“China” means the People’s Republic of China, excluding Hong Kong, the Macau Special Administrative Region and Taiwan.

“Class A ordinary share” means a Class A ordinary share, par value of US$0.01 per share, of the Company, as provided in the Memorandum and Articles of Association.

“Class B ordinary share” means a Class B ordinary share, par value of US$0.01 per share, of the Company, as provided in the Memorandum and Articles of Association.

“Company” means Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation, and, unless the context requires otherwise, includes its subsidiaries and variable interest entities, or “VIEs.”

“Compensation Committee” means the full Board or a Compensation Committee appointed by the Board.

“Hong Kong” means the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.

“Lock-up” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.7.1 hereof.

“Lock-up Period” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.7.1 hereof.

“Lock-up Shares” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.7.1 hereof.

“Memorandum and Articles of Association” means the Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and the Articles of Association, together, of the Company, as amended from time to time.


“ordinary share” means a Class A ordinary share or a Class B ordinary share, as the case may be.

“Plan” has the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

“Sohu” means Sohu.com Inc., a U.S. Delaware corporation.

“Sohu Game” means Sohu.com (Game) Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands that is an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Sohu.

“Subscribed Shares” means the 1,500,000 Class B ordinary shares subscribed for by the Subscriber pursuant to Clause 2.1 of this Agreement and any Class A ordinary shares issued to the Subscriber upon conversion of such Class B Ordinary Shares.

“Party” means any one of the parties to this Agreement, and “Parties” means each of the parties to this Agreement.

“Qualifying Listing” means the listing of the Class A ordinary shares, including American Depositary Shares or similar securities representing such Class A ordinary shares, (or any securities succeeding to the Class A ordinary shares following any capital reorganization of the Company) (including by way of the Company’s consolidating with or acquiring any listed public company) on any internationally recognized stock exchange, including without limitation the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ and the Singapore Stock Exchange.

“WANG Tao” means the Chinese citizen whose I.D. no. is 352101197504300812.

“Expiry Date of Restrictions” means February 2, 2012.

 

  1.2 References herein to Clauses and Schedules are to clauses in and schedules to this Agreement unless the context requires otherwise and the Schedules to this Agreement shall form part of this Agreement.

 

  1.3 Headings are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of any provision of this Agreement.

 

2. SUBSCRIPTION

 

  2.1 Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Plan, the Subscriber hereby subscribes for and purchases from the Company of the Subscribed Shares, for a total consideration of US$15,000.00.

 

  2.2 The Subscriber is paying the total consideration of US$15,000 for the Subscribed Shares on the date hereof in cash, by check, or by wire transfer to the Company in US dollar.

 

  2.3 Upon receipt of payment as set forth above, the Company shall promptly cause the Subscriber (or its designee, as the Company may be instructed in writing by the Subscriber) to be entered in the register of members of the Company as the record holder of the Restricted Shares, with the Restricted Shares representing fully paid share capital, and shall issue the share certificates in the name of the Subscriber evidencing the Subscribed Shares as follows:

 

  2.3.1 one share certificate evidencing 700,000 Non-Restricted Shares (as defined in Section 3.1.1 below) shall be delivered by the Company to the Subscriber; and


  2.3.2. one or more share certificates evidencing the 800,000 Restricted Shares (as defined in SECTION 3.1.2 below), or any applicable portion thereof, shall be held by the Company for custody until the later of (i) the date on which any applicable portion of such Restricted Shares is released from the Forfeiture Conditions in accordance with the provisions hereof or upon the Expiry Date of Restrictions, or (ii) to the extent applicable, the expiration date of the Lock-up Period with respect to the Lock-up Shares.

 

3. SPECIAL STIPULATIONS

 

  3.1 The Subscriber and the Company agree and acknowledge:

 

  3.1.1 In respect of 700,000 of the Subscribed Shares held by the Subscriber (together with any Restricted Shares that have been released from the Forfeiture Conditions pursuant to Section 3.1.3 hereof, hereinafter referred to as “Non-Restricted Shares”), the Subscriber may not, directly or indirectly, transfer, assign, pledge or otherwise dispose of such Non-Restricted Shares, or any portion thereof or interest therein, to any third party, or create any right or interest in favor of any third party in such Non-Restricted Shares, and shall not be entitled to any distributions by the Company to its shareholders (such restrictions, the “Share Restrictions”), provided however , that all Non-Restricted Shares shall be released from the Share Restrictions on the earlier date of the Company’s first Qualifying Listing or the Expiry Date of Restrictions. The above provisions shall not affect any other rights conferred upon the Subscriber by the Memorandum and Articles of Association in respect of ordinary shares held by the Subscriber.

 

  3.1.2 In respect of the 800,000 Subscribed Shares other than the Non-Restricted Shares (hereinafter referred to as “Restricted Shares”), the Restricted Shares are subject to the Forfeiture Conditions (as defined in Section 3.4.1). The Subscriber may not, directly or indirectly, transfer, assign, pledge or otherwise dispose of any Restricted Shares, or any portion thereof interest therein, to any third party, or create any right in such Restricted Shares in any third party and shall not be entitled to any distributions by the Company to its shareholders.

 

  3.1.3 The 800,000 Restricted Shares will be released from the Forfeiture Conditions in four tranches:

 

  3.1.3.1. on February 1, 2009, 200,000 Restricted Shares will be released and become vested;

 

  3.1.3.2. on February 1, 2010, 200,000 Restricted Shares will be released and become vested;

 

  3.1.3.3. on February 1, 2011, 200,000 Restricted Shares will be released and become vested; and


  3.1.3.4. On February 1, 2012, the remaining 200,000 Restricted Shares will become vested, but will remain subject to the Lock-up during the Lock-up Period.

provided , that any Restricted Shares so released from the Forfeiture Conditions pursuant to this Section 3.1.3 shall immediately become “Non-Restricted Shares” (as such term is defined in Section 3.1.1) and shall be subject to the Share Restrictions on Non-Restricted Shares provided in Section 3.1.1, if and to the extent such Share Restrictions are still applicable.

 

  3.2 Upon each release of Restricted Shares, other than the Lock-up Shares, from the Forfeiture Conditions, the Company will deliver to the Subscriber the share certificates evidencing the Restricted Shares (other than the Lock-up Shares) so released.

 

  3.3 Forfeiture Events and Acceleration Events

 

  3.3.1 During the period commencing from the date of this Agreement and ending on the Expiry Date of Restrictions (excluding the Expiry Date of Restrictions), each of the following events shall cause a forfeiture of all Restricted Shares that have not yet been released and become vested pursuant to Section 3.1.3 (each, a “Forfeiture Event”):

 

  3.3.1.1. The Subscriber breaches any Share Restrictions under Section 3.1.1.

 

  3.3.1.2. WANG Tao voluntarily terminates his employment with the Company, or its subsidiaries or VIEs, as applicable, or WANG Tao’s employment terminates upon agreement between the Company and WANG Tao.

 

  3.3.1.3. WANG Tao commits a material breach under any employment agreement between him and the Company or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs.

 

  3.3.1.4. The Company or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs, as applicable, terminates WANG Tao’s employment agreement: (a) as a result of acts of WANG Tao that constitute grounds for dismissal under employment or personnel policies or rules of the Company as in effect from time to time, or (b) as a result of his violation of, or if such termination is required by, laws relating to labor or employment applicable to WANG Tao or to the Company or its subsidiaries or VIEs; (c) as a result of conduct of WANG Tao or other events constituting grounds for the Company to dismiss WANG Tao for “cause” under the terms of any employment agreement between him and the Company or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs.

 

  3.3.1.5. In the event that any employment agreement between WANG Tao and the Company, or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs, as applicable, matures before the Expiry Date of Restrictions and (i) the Company proposes that WANG Tao continue his employment and enter into a successor employment agreement either with the same entity or with the Company or any other of its subsidiaries or VIEs, on terms not less favorable to WANG Tao than the maturing employment agreement, and (ii) WANG Tao does not accept such successor employment.


  3.3.2 During the period commencing from the date of this Agreement and ending on the Expiry Date of Restrictions (excluding the Expiry Date of Restrictions), none of the following will constitute a Forfeiture Event, and instead will constitute an “Acceleration Event”:

 

  3.3.2.1. WANG Tao is dismissed without cause from the Company and any applicable subsidiary or VIE before the Expiry Date of Restrictions. For the avoidance of doubt, dismissal without cause shall mean any of the following acts taken by the Company:

 

  3.3.2.1.1. The Company inappropriately invokes dismissal rights for claimed violation by WANG Tao of internal disciplines and rules (i) in the absence of written employment or personnel policies or rules of the Company conflict providing such dismissal rights, or (ii) if such policies or rules conflict with applicable law, or (iii) if the relevant written employment or personnel policies or rules have not been made available to WANG Tao, or (iv) if the violation of WANG Tao is minor.

 

  3.3.2.1.2. The Company inappropriately invokes dismissal rights by claiming incompetence on WANG Tao’s part after, for example, significantly adjusting upward the required demands of his duties.

 

  3.3.2.1.3. The Company significantly reduces WANG Tao’s compensation or his stature of reporting position in the Company, with the result that WANG Tao resigns.

 

  3.3.2.1.4. The Company eliminates WANG Tao’s position through a downsizing that is otherwise not justified by sound business reasons.

 

  3.3.2.1.5. The Company violates applicable law or its own written employment or personnel policies or rules in claiming a right to dismiss WANG Tao from employment.

 

  3.3.2.1.6. The Company dismisses WANG Tao without stating any cause.

 

  3.4 Effect of Forfeiture Events and Acceleration Events

 

  3.4.1

In the event of a Forfeiture Event, all Restricted Shares that have not become vested pursuant to Section 3.1.3 as of the date of such Forfeiture Event will be sold and transferred by the Subscriber to Sohu Game, or any other Affiliate of the Company designated by Sohu in Sohu’s sole discretion, for a purchase price of US$0.01 per ordinary share, automatically and without any action of any kind by the Subscriber, and subject only to Sohu Game’s or such other Affiliate’s tendering to the Subscriber the full purchase price for such ordinary shares (the “Forfeiture Conditions”).


 

The Subscriber undertakes and agrees to sign any necessary documents and take any necessary actions, as may be reasonably requested by the Company and/or Sohu Game or such other Affiliate from time to time and at the cost of the Company, to ensure the validity and enforceability of the transfer to Sohu Game or such other Affiliate of such forfeited ordinary shares.

 

  3.4.2 In the event of an Acceleration Event, (i) all Restricted Shares will be released from the Forfeiture Conditions and become vested, (ii) all Lock-up Shares will be released from the Lock-up and (iii) all Non-Restricted Shares will be released from the Share Restrictions. The Company will deliver to the Subscriber share certificates representing such released ordinary shares, free of all restrictions under this Agreement.

 

  3.5 The Parties agree that the provisions of this Section 3 (including without limitation, the rights and remedies that any Party herein may have against the other Party or Parties) were agreed to by each of the Parties after reasonable estimation of their respective situations (including the losses that any Party may suffer) and consultation with legal counsel, and that such provisions are fair and reasonable for each Party.

 

  3.6 In the event that a Qualifying Listing has not been completed before the Expiry Date of Restrictions:

 

  3.6.1 the restrictions, including without limitation the Share Restrictions on Non-Restricted Shares, set forth in Section 3.1.1, shall immediately be terminated on the Expiry Date of Restrictions and of no further force or effect upon and after the Expiry Date of Restrictions, and the Subscriber shall be entitled to exercise all rights attaching to the ordinary shares held by it that formerly were Non-Restricted Shares; and

 

  3.6.2 all restrictions on disposition of the Restricted Shares and distribution to shareholders under Section 3.1.2, shall terminate and be of no further force or effect upon and after the Expiry Date of Restrictions.

 

  3.7. Lock-Up

 

  3.7.1. During the period from February 1, 2012 through January 31, 2015 (the “Lock-up Period”), the Subscriber may not, directly or indirectly, transfer, assign, pledge or otherwise dispose of any of the 200,000 Restricted Shares that will become vested upon February 1, 2012 (the “Lock-up Shares”), or any portion thereof interest therein, to any third party, or create any right in such Lock-up Shares in any third party. The restrictions set forth in this paragraph with respect to the Lock-up Shares are referred to in this Agreement as the “Lock-up.”

 

  3.7.2 Upon the occurrence of any of the following events (each, a “Breach Event”) during the Lock-up Period, all of the Lock-up Shares then held by the Subscriber at the time of such Breach Event, shall be forfeited by the Subscriber in their entirety:

 

  3.7.2.1.

Wang Tao, on his own behalf or as owner, manager, stockholder (other than as stockholder of less than 2% of


 

the outstanding securities of a company that is publicly traded or listed on a securities exchange), consultant, director, officer or employee of or in any other manner connected with any business entity, participates or is involved in any Competitor without the prior written authorization of the Company. As used in this Section 3.7.2.1, the term “Competitor” means any business of the type and character of business in which the Company engages or proposes to engage, or any online games business in which any other business entity of the Sohu Group engages or proposes to engage, at the time of the occurrence of the event and may include, without limitation, an individual, company, enterprise, partnership enterprise, government office, committee, social organization or other organization that, in any event, produces, distributes or provides the same or substantially similar kind of product or service as the Company or the same or substantially similar online games product or service as such other business entity of the Sohu Group.

 

  3.7.2.2. Wang Tao, either for his own account or for the account of any individual or business entity other than the Sohu Group: (i) solicits, induces, attempts to hire, or hires any employee or contractor of the Company or any other person who may have been employed or engaged by the Company during the term of Wang Tao’s employment with the Company unless that person has not worked with the Company within the six months following Wang Tao’s last day of employment with the Company; (ii) solicits business or relationships in competition with the Company from any of the Company’s customers, suppliers or partners or any other entity with which the Company does business; (iii) assists in such hiring or solicitation by any other person or business entity or encourages any such employee to terminate his or her employment with the Company; or (iv) encourages any such customer, supplier or partner or any other entity to terminate its relationship with the Company.

 

  3.7.2.3. Wang Tao, on his own behalf or on behalf of any person or business entity other than the Sohu Group, commits an act of infringement of any patent, trademark, service mark, trade name, copyright, invention, trade secret, proprietary processes or formulae, application for patent, trademark, service mark or copyright, or other industrial and intellectual property right of the Company, including any intellectual property right in any source codes of any MMORPG developed and/or licensed by the Company.

 

  3.7.3. Upon the occurrence of a Breach Event, all Lock-up Shares forfeited pursuant to Section 3.7.2 hereof will be sold and transferred by the Subscriber to Sohu Game, or any other Affiliate of the Company designated by Sohu in Sohu’s sole discretion, for a purchase price of US$0.01 per ordinary share, automatically and without any action of any kind by the Subscriber, and subject only to Sohu Game’s or such other Affiliate’s tendering to the Subscriber the full purchase price for such ordinary shares. The Subscriber undertakes and agrees to sign any necessary documents and take any necessary actions, as may be reasonably requested by the Company and/or Sohu Game or such other Affiliate from time to time and at the cost of the Company, to ensure the validity and enforceability of the transfer to Sohu Game or such other Affiliate of such forfeited Lock-up Shares.


  3.7.4. Upon the expiration of the Lock-up Period, unless the Lock-up Shares have been forfeited pursuant to Section 3.7.2 hereof, the Company will deliver to the Subscriber one or more share certificates representing all Lock-up Shares, free of all restrictions under this Agreement.

 

4. TAG-ALONG RIGHTS OF THE SUBSCRIBER

 

  4.1 Sohu hereby agrees, and is executing this Agreement for the purposes of such agreement set forth in this Section 4, that it will not sell, or permit Sohu Game or any other affiliated company of Sohu to sell, any of the ordinary shares currently held by Sohu Game to any third party, other than to affiliates of Sohu with no net cash inflow from any third parties to Sohu and its affiliates as a consolidated group, without affording the Subscriber the opportunity to sell such number of ordinary shares held by it (including the Non-Restricted Shares and the Restricted Shares) as is in the same proportion to all of the ordinary shares held by it as the ordinary shares sold by Sohu, Sohu Game or such other Sohu affiliated companies bear to all ordinary shares currently held by Sohu Game. The obligations of Sohu in this Section 4 will expire upon the earlier of (i) a Qualifying Listing and (ii) the Expiry Date of Restrictions.

 

5. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

  5.1 The Company hereby represents and warrants to the Subscriber that:

 

  5.1.1 it is an exempted company duly incorporated and validly existing in the Cayman Islands with limited liability;

 

  5.1.2 its authorized representatives have the requisite and full power and authority to execute this Agreement on its behalf;

 

  5.1.3 the execution and delivery of this Agreement by it do not, and the performance by it of its obligations under this Agreement will not, conflict with any contracts, agreements or undertakings to which it is a party or by which it is bound;

 

  5.1.4 the Subscribed Shares are duly authorized and available for issuance to the Subscriber under the Memorandum and Articles of Association;

 

  5.1.5 no lien, pledge or other encumbrance exists in favor of any third party exists with respect to the Subscribed Shares; and

 

  5.1.6 Sohu Game is the sole shareholder of the Company as of the date of this Agreement.

 

  5.2 The Subscriber hereby represents and warrants to the Company that:

 

  5.2.1 it has the full power and capacity to enter into this Agreement;


  5.2.2 the execution and delivery of this Agreement by it do not, and the performance by it of its obligations under this Agreement will not, conflict with any contracts, agreements or undertakings to which it is a party or by which it is bound.

 

6. GOVERNING LAW; RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES

 

  6.1 This Agreement will be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, in each case exclusive of such jurisdiction’s principles of conflicts of law. If, under the applicable law, any portion of this Agreement is at any time deemed to be in conflict with any applicable statute, rule, regulation or ordinance, such portion will be deemed to be modified or altered to conform thereto or, if that is not possible, to be omitted from this Agreement; the invalidity of any such portion will not affect the force, effect and validity of the remaining portion hereof.

 

  6.1.1 At the option of the party initiating the claim any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement may be submitted to the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (“HKIAC”) in accordance with its arbitration rules. The award rendered in such an arbitration proceeding will be final and binding and judgment on the award rendered may be entered in any court having jurisdiction over the parties.

 

  6.1.2 There shall be one arbitrator. The language of the arbitration will be Mandarin Chinese and any foreign language documents presented at such arbitration will be accompanied by a Mandarin Chinese translation thereof that shall be prepared at the expense of the party seeking to present such document.

 

  6.1.3 Any award of the arbitrators (i) will be in writing, (ii) will state the reasons upon which such award is based and (iii) may include an award of costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements.

 

  6.1.4 The arbitrators will have no authority to award punitive damages or any other damages not measured by the prevailing party’s actual damages, and may not, in any event, make any ruling, finding or award that does not conform to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

  6.1.5 Notwithstanding the foregoing, any party may apply to any court having jurisdiction over the parties to obtain injunctive relief in order to maintain the status quo until such time as an arbitration award may be rendered or the dispute, controversy or claim may be otherwise resolved.

 

7. MISCELLANEOUS

 

  7.1 This Agreement becomes effective as if the date hereof and shall terminate on the earlier of (i) the date on which the Shares Restrictions applied to all the Restricted Shares is discharged in accordance with the terms of this Agreement and (ii) the Expiry Date of Restrictions.

 

  7.2 Each Party agrees to consult with the other Party on any such amendment to the Memorandums and Articles of Association and this Agreement as may be reasonably necessary or advisable for the purpose of completing a Qualifying Listing or in the event that any internationally recognized stock exchange and/or relevant regulatory authorities requests such amendment as a precondition of listing.


  7.3 Each Party shall pay for its own costs and expenses (including tax) of and incidental to this Agreement.

 

  7.4 Nothing in this Agreement or the Plan shall confer upon WANG Tao any right to continue in the employ of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs or interfere in any way with the legitimate right of the Company or such subsidiary or VIE to terminate the WANG Tao’s employment at any time.

 

  7.5 Each notice, demand or other communication given or made under this Agreement shall be in writing and delivered or sent to the relevant Party at its address, email address, or fax number set out in Schedule A (or such other address or fax number as the addressee has by 5 days’ prior written notice specified to the other Parties). Any notice, demand or other communication so addressed to the relevant Party shall be deemed to have been delivered (i) if given or made by letter, when actually delivered to the relevant address; (ii) if given by email, when sent to the email address of the addressee’s email account without notification for non-delivery or delayed delivery; and (iii) if given or made by fax, when dispatched with transmission confirmation.

 

  7.6 No failure or delay by a Party in exercising any right, power or remedy under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of the same preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or remedy. If at any time any provision of this Agreement is or becomes illegal, invalid or unenforceable in any respect, the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall not be affected or impaired thereby.

 

  7.7 Unless the other Party has given its prior written consent, any right and obligation under this Agreement shall not be assigned by any Party. If such an assignment is solely for the purpose of completing a Qualifying Listing, the other Party shall give its consent.

 

  7.8 This Agreement (together with any documents mentioned herein), together with the Plan, constitutes the whole agreement between the Parties and no purported amendment hereof shall be effective unless made in writing and signed by the Parties. This Agreement is made pursuant to the provisions of the Plan and shall in all respects be construed in conformity with the terms of the Plan. In the event of any conflict between this Agreement and the Plan, the Plan shall control. In the event of any ambiguity in this Agreement, or any matters as to which this Agreement is silent, the Plan shall govern including, without limitation, the provisions thereof pursuant to which the Compensation Committee has the power, among others, to (i) interpret the Plan, (ii) prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, and (iii) make all other determinations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan.

 

  7.9 This Agreement is made and executed in Mandarin Chinese and English. In case there is any discrepancy, the English version shall prevail.

 

  7.10 This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the different Parties on separate counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all the counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.


Schedule 1

Part 1

Details of the Company

 

Name:    :      Changyou.com Limited
Registered No.    :      QI192730
Registered Address    :      Cayman Islands
Date of Incorporation    :      August 6, 2007
Legal Share Capital    :      US$1,097,740 divided into 109,774,000 ordinary shares of US$0.01 par value per share, of which 100,000,000 shares are designated Class A ordinary shares and 9,774,000 shares are designated Class B ordinary shares.
Issued Shares    :      Without giving effect to the issuance of the Subscribed Shares pursuant to this Agreement, 8,000,000 Class B ordinary shares of US$0.01 par value per share
Sole Shareholder    :      Sohu.com (Game) Limited
Directors    :      Charles Zhang, WANG Tao
Registered Address    :      Scotia Center, 4th Floor, P.O. Box, George Town, Grand Cayman KY1-1112, Cayman Islands


This Agreement has been executed on the date and year first above written.

 

Changyou.com Limited
By:  

/s/ Charles Zhang

  Charles Zhang
  Chairman of the Board of Directors

 

PROMINENCE INVESTMENTS LTD

For and on behalf of

TANAH MERAH LIMITED
Corporate Director
/s/ Celene Koh
Authorized Signatories

Sohu.com Inc.

Executed solely for purposes of Section 3.4.1 (Effect of Forfeiture Events and Acceleration Events), Section 3.7.3 (Lock-up), Section 4 (Tag-Along Rights of Subscriber) and Section 6 (Governing Law; Resolution of Disputes)

 

By:  

/s/ Charles Zhang

  Charles Zhang
  Chief Executive Officer

Sohu.com (Game) Limited

Executed solely for purposes of Section 3.4.1(Effect of Forfeiture Events and Acceleration Events); Section 3.7.3 (Lock-up)

 

By:  

/s/ Charles Zhang

Name:   Charles Zhang
Title:  


Schedule A

 

To: Changyou.com Limited:       Recipient: Alex HO
   Fax: 86-10-6272-6588
   Address: East Tower, Jin Yan Building, 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing
   Postal Code: 100043
To: Prominence Investments Ltd:       Recipients: Ms Sylvia Khoo/Mr Michael Low
   Fax: 65 6212 6227
   Address: Credit Suisse Trust, 1 Raffles Link #05-02, Singapore 039393

Exhibit 10.6

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

FORM OF RESTRICTED SHARE UNIT AGREEMENT

(CLASS B ORDINARY SHARES)

This Restricted Share Unit Agreement (this “Agreement”) is made as of March         , 2009 by and between Changyou.com Limited, a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands (the “Company”), and [                                ] (the “Executive”). All capitalized terms used herein, to the extent not defined herein, shall have the meanings set forth in the Company’s 2008 Share Incentive Plan (the “Plan”).

In consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein set forth, and other good and valuable consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby mutually covenant and agree as follows:

 

1. Interpretation .

 

  1.1 In this Agreement, unless the context requires otherwise:

“Board” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Company.

“Class A Ordinary Share” means a Class A Ordinary Share, par value of US$0.01 per share, of the Company, as provided in the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company.

“Class B Ordinary Share” means a Class B Ordinary Share, par value of US$0.01 per share, of the Company, as provided in the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company.

“Company” means Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation, and, unless the context requires otherwise, includes its subsidiaries and variable interest entities, or “VIEs.”

“Compensation Committee” means the full Board or a Compensation Committee appointed by the Board.

“Hong Kong” means the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China.

“Memorandum and Articles of Association” means the Amended and Restated Memorandum of Association and the Amended and Restated Articles of Association, together, of the Company, as amended from time to time.

“Ordinary Share” means a Class A Ordinary Shares or a Class B Ordinary Share, as the case may be.


“Party” means any one of the parties to this Agreement, and “Parties” means each of the parties to this Agreement.

“Plan” means the Company’s 2008 Share Incentive Plan, as amended from time to time.

“Qualifying Listing” means the listing of the Class A Ordinary Shares (or any securities succeeding to the Class A Ordinary Shares following any capital reorganization of the Company) (including by way of the Company’s consolidating with or acquiring any listed public company) on any internationally recognized stock exchange, including without limitation the Hong Kong Stock Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange, NASDAQ and the Singapore Stock Exchange.

“Restricted Share Units” has the same meaning as defined in Section 2 hereof.

 

  1.2 References herein to Sections and Schedules are to sections in and schedules to this Agreement unless the context requires otherwise and the Schedules to this Agreement shall form part of this Agreement.

 

  1.3 Headings are for convenience only and shall not affect the construction of any provision of this Agreement.

 

2. Award of Restricted Share Units

Subject to the provisions of this Agreement and to the provisions of the Plan, the Company hereby grants to the Executive [                                ] restricted share units (collectively, the “Restricted Share Units”). The Restricted Share Units constitute “RSUs” under the Plan, each with respect to one Class B Ordinary Share of the company (“Class B Ordinary Share”).

 

3. Vesting of Restricted Share Units; Settlement; Forfeiture and Acceleration Events

 

  3.1 Vesting . Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Plan, the Restricted Share Units will vest and no longer be subject to any restriction contemplated by this Section 3.1 hereof (such period during which restrictions apply is the “Restriction Period”) and be settled in four (4) equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of February 1, 2008; provided , that no vesting will occur until the Company’s completion of a Qualified Listing and the expiration of all underwriters’ lockup periods applicable to such Qualified Listing. If following the completion of such Qualified Listing and expiration of such lockup periods, the Executive continues to be in the employ of the Company, prior vesting thresholds will be deemed to have been met as if such Qualified Listing had occurred and such lockup periods had expired prior to the date hereof.

 

  3.2

Settlement of Restricted Share Units . As soon as practicable after any Restricted Share Units have vested and are no longer subject to the Restriction Period, such Restricted Share Units shall be settled. Subject to Section 3.7 hereof (pertaining to the withholding of taxes), for each Restricted Share Unit settled pursuant to this Section 3.2, the Company shall issue one Class B Ordinary Share for each Restricted Share Unit vesting at such time and such Restricted Share Unit shall be deemed


 

settled and cancelled. The Executive understands and acknowledges that each Class B Ordinary Share issued to the Executive upon vesting and settlement under this Section 3.2, if any, is convertible, either at the option of the Executive or, under certain circumstances, automatically (including if the Executive sells, pledges, or otherwise transfers such Class B Ordinary Share), into one Class A Ordinary Share of the Company pursuant to the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company.

 

  3.3 Forfeiture Events and Acceleration Events

 

  3.3.1 Each of the following events shall cause a forfeiture of all Restricted Share Units that have not yet vested pursuant to Section 3.1 hereof (“Forfeiture Event”):

 

  3.3.1.1. The Executive voluntarily terminates his employment with the Company, or its subsidiaries or VIEs as applicable, or the Executive’s employment terminates upon agreement between the Company and the Executive.

 

  3.3.1.2. The Executive commits a material breach under any employment agreement between him and the Company or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs.

 

  3.3.1.3. The Company or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs, as applicable, terminates the Executive’s employment agreement: (a) as a result of acts of the Executive that constitute grounds for dismissal under employment or personnel policies or rules of the Company or such subsidiary or VIE, as the case may be, as in effect from time to time, or (b) as a result of his violation of, or if such termination is required by, laws relating to labor or employment applicable to the Executive or to the Company or its subsidiaries or VIEs; (c) as a result of conduct of the Executive or other events constituting grounds for the Company to dismiss the Executive for “cause” under the terms of any employment agreement between him and the Company or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs.

 

  3.3.1.4. In the event that any employment agreement between the Executive and the Company, or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs as applicable, matures before the Expire Date of Restrictions and (i) the Company proposes that the Executive continue his employment and enter into a successor employment agreement either with the same entity or with the Company or any other of its subsidiaries or VIEs, on terms not substantially less favorable to the Executive than the maturing employment agreement, and


(ii) the Executive does not accept such successor employment agreement.

 

  3.3.2 None of the following will constitute a Forfeiture Event, but instead will constitute an “Acceleration Event”:

 

  3.3.2.1. The Executive is dismissed without cause from the Company and any applicable subsidiary or VIE. For the avoidance of doubt, dismissal without cause shall mean any of the following acts taken by the Company:

 

  3.3.2.1.1. The Company inappropriately invokes dismissal rights for claimed violation by the Executive of internal disciplines and rules (i) in the absence of written employment or personnel policies or rules of the Company providing such dismissal rights, or (ii) if such policies or rules conflict with applicable law, or (iii) if the relevant written employment or personnel policies or rules have not been made available to the Executive, or (iv) if the violation of the Executive is minor.

 

  3.3.2.1.2. The Company inappropriately invokes dismissal rights by claiming incompetence on the Executive’s part after, for example, significantly adjusting upward the required demands of his duties.

 

  3.3.2.1.3. The Company significantly reduces the Executive’s compensation or his stature of reporting position in the Company, with the result that the Executive resigns.

 

  3.3.2.1.4. The Company eliminates the Executive’s position through a downsizing that is otherwise not justified by sound business reasons.

 

  3.3.2.1.5. The Company violates applicable law or its own written employment or personnel policies or rules in claiming a right to dismiss the Executive from employment.

 

  3.3.2.1.6. The Company dismisses the Executive without stating any cause.

 

  3.4 Effect of Forfeiture Events and Acceleration Events

 

  3.4.1 In the event of a Forfeiture Event, all Restricted Share Units that have not yet vested pursuant to Section 3.1 hereof shall be forfeited by the Executive and canceled in their entirety effective immediately upon such termination, automatically and without any action of any kind by the Executive.


  3.4.2 In the event of an Acceleration Event, all Restricted Share Units will become vested upon the occurrence of such Acceleration Event, free of all restrictions under this Agreement and shall be settled, promptly following a written request by the Executive for such settlement, pursuant to Section 3.2 hereof.

 

  3.5 The Parties agree that the provisions of this Section 3 (including without limitation, the rights and remedies that any Party herein may have against the other Party or Parties) were agreed to by each of the Parties after reasonable estimation of their respective situations (including the losses that any Party may suffer) and that such provisions are fair and reasonable for each Party.

 

  3.6 Payment of Transfer Taxes, Fees and Other Expenses . The Company agrees to pay any and all original issue taxes and share transfer taxes that may be imposed on the issuance of shares received by the Executive in connection with the Restricted Share Units, together with any and all other fees and expenses necessarily incurred by the Company in connection therewith.

 

  3.7 Taxes and Withholding . No later than the date as of which an amount first becomes includible in the income of the Executive under Tax Law (as defined in the Plan) with respect to any Restricted Share Units, the Executive shall pay to the Company, or make arrangements satisfactory to the Company regarding the payment of, all taxes that are required by applicable laws and regulations to be withheld with respect to such amount. The obligations of the Company under this Agreement shall be conditioned on compliance by the Executive with this Paragraph 3.7, and the Company shall, to the extent permitted by law, have the right to deduct any such taxes from any payment otherwise due to the Executive, including deducting such amount from the delivery of shares or cash issued upon settlement of the Restricted Share Units that gives rise to the withholding requirement.

 

4. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

 

  4.1 The Company hereby represents and warrants to the Executive that:

 

  4.1.1 it is an exempted company duly incorporated and validly existing in the Cayman Islands with limited liability;

 

  4.1.2 its authorized representatives have the requisite and full power and authority to execute this Agreement on its behalf;

 

  4.1.3 the execution and delivery of this Agreement by it do not, and the performance by it of its obligations under this Agreement will not, conflict with any contracts, agreements or undertakings to which it is a party or by which it is bound;


  4.2 The Executive hereby represents and warrants to the Company that:

 

  4.2.1 he has the full power and capacity to enter into this Agreement;

 

  4.2.2 the execution and delivery of this Agreement by he or she do not, and the performance by him or her of his or her obligations under this Agreement will not, conflict with any contracts, agreements or undertakings to which it is a party or by which he or she is bound.

 

5. GOVERNING LAW; RESOLUTION OF DISPUTES

 

  5.1 This Agreement will be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, in each case exclusive of such jurisdiction’s principles of conflicts of law. If, under the applicable law, any portion of this Agreement is at any time deemed to be in conflict with any applicable statute, rule, regulation or ordinance, such portion will be deemed to be modified or altered to conform thereto or, if that is not possible, to be omitted from this Agreement; the invalidity of any such portion will not affect the force, effect and validity of the remaining portion hereof.

 

  5.1.1 At the option of the party initiating the claim any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement may be submitted to the Hong Kong International Arbitration Centre (“HKIAC”) in accordance with its arbitration rules. The award rendered in such an arbitration proceeding will be final and binding and judgment on the award rendered may be entered in any court having jurisdiction over the parties.

 

  5.1.2 There shall be one arbitrator. The language of the arbitration will be Mandarin Chinese and any foreign-language documents presented at such arbitration will be accompanied by a Mandarin Chinese translation thereof that shall be prepared at the expense of the party seeking to present such document.

 

  5.1.3 Any award of the arbitrators (i) will be in writing, (ii) will state the reasons upon which such award is based and (iii) may include an award of costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements.

 

  5.1.4 The arbitrators will have no authority to award punitive damages or any other damages not measured by the prevailing party’s actual damages, and may not, in any event, make any ruling, finding or award that does not conform to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

  5.1.5 Notwithstanding the foregoing, any party may apply to any court having jurisdiction over the parties to obtain injunctive relief in order to maintain the status quo until such time as an arbitration award may be rendered or the dispute, controversy or claim may be otherwise resolved.


6. OTHER RESTRICTIONS

 

  6.1 The Restricted Share Units shall be subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Compensation Committee shall determine that (i) the registration or qualification of the Class B Ordinary Shares subject or related thereto under any Applicable Law (as defined in the Plan), or (ii) the consent or approval of any government regulatory body is necessary or advisable, then in any such event, the settlement of Restricted Share Units shall not be effective unless such registration, qualification, consent or approval shall have been effected or obtained, free of any conditions not acceptable to the Compensation Committee.

 

  6.2 The Executive acknowledges that the Executive is subject to the Company’s policies regarding compliance with securities laws, and that the Executive may be required to obtain pre-clearance from the Company’s Chief Financial Officer or legal counsel before selling any Class B Ordinary Shares issued upon vesting and settlement of the Restricted Share Units, or any Class A Ordinary Shares issued upon the conversion of any Class B Ordinary Shares, and may be prohibited from selling such shares other than during an open trading window. The Executive further acknowledges that, in its discretion, the Company may prohibit the Executive from selling such shares even during an open trading window if the Company has concerns that the Executive may be in possession of material non-public information concerning the Company.

 

  6.3 The Executive agrees to hold any Class B Ordinary Shares issued under this Agreement and any Class A Ordinary Shares issued upon the conversion of such Class B Ordinary Shares subject to these terms, the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company and all applicable law.

 

7. MISCELLANEOUS

 

  7.1 The Executive shall not be entitled to any rights of a shareholder with respect to the Restricted Share Units.

 

  7.2 Nothing in this Agreement or the Plan shall confer upon the Executive any right to continue in the employ of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs or interfere in any way with the right of the Company or such subsidiary or VIE to terminate the Executive’s employment at any time.

 

  7.3 The Restricted Share Units shall not be transferable by the Employee by means of sale, assignment, exchange, encumbrance, pledge, hedge or otherwise. Except as otherwise provided hereunder, this Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of any successor or successors of the Company.

 

  7.4

Each notice, demand or other communication given or made under this Agreement shall be in writing and delivered or sent to the relevant Party at its address, email address, or fax number set out in Schedule A (or such other address or fax number as the addressee has by 5 days’ prior written notice specified to the other Parties). Any notice, demand or other


 

communication so addressed to the relevant Party shall be deemed to have been delivered (i) if given or made by letter, when actually delivered to the relevant address; (ii) if given by email, when sent to the email address of the addressee’s email account without notification for non-delivery or delayed delivery; and (iii) if given or made by fax, when dispatched with transmission confirmation.

 

  7.5 No failure or delay by a Party in exercising any right, power or remedy under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of the same preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, power or remedy. If at any time any provision of this Agreement is or becomes illegal, invalid or unenforceable in any respect, the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement shall not be affected or impaired thereby.

 

  7.6 Unless the other Party has given its prior written consent, any right and obligation under this Agreement shall not be assigned by any Party. If such an assignment is solely for the purpose of completing a Qualifying Listing, the other Party shall give its consent.

 

  7.7 This Agreement (together with any documents mentioned herein), together with the Plan, constitutes the whole agreement between the Parties and no purported amendment hereof shall be effective unless made in writing and signed by the Parties. This Agreement is made pursuant to the provisions of the Plan and shall in all respects be construed in conformity with the terms of the Plan. In the event of any conflict between this Agreement and the Plan, the Plan shall control. In the event of any ambiguity in this Agreement, or any matters as to which this Agreement is silent, the Plan shall govern including, without limitation, the provisions thereof pursuant to which the Compensation Committee has the power, among others, to (i) interpret the Plan, (ii) prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, and (iii) make all other determinations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan.

 

  7.8 This Agreement is made and executed in Mandarin Chinese and English. In case there is any discrepancy, the English version shall prevail.

 

  7.9 This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the different Parties on separate counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but all the counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

[remainder of this page intentionally left blank]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have duly executed this Agreement as of the day and year first set forth above.

 

Changyou.com Limited
By:  

 

 

Charles Zhang

 

Chairman of the Board

Executive

 

Name:
Title:


Schedule A

NOTICE

 

TO: Changyou.com Limited:               Recipient: Alex HO
  Fax: 86-10-6272-6588
  Email: alex@sohu-inc.com
  Address: East Tower, Jin Yan Building, 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, the People’s Republic of China
  Postal Code: 100043
TO: Executive:   Fax:
  Email:    ____________________
  Address:
  Postal Code:

Exhibit 10.7

FORM OF RESTRICTED SHARE UNIT AGREEMENT


Changyou.com Limited

Form of Restricted Share Unit Agreement

(Class B Ordinary Shares)

This Restricted Share Unit Agreement (this “Agreement”), dated as of [            ], 200[    ] (the “Award Date”), is entered into between Changyou.com Limited , a Cayman Islands corporation (the “Company”), and the employee (the “Employee”) of the Company (or one of its direct or indirect subsidiaries, subsidiaries or variable interest entities (each a “Related Company”) named on Exhibit A attached hereto and designated as receiving an award of restricted share units (the “Restricted Share Units”) by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company (or by the full Board including a majority of the independent directors or such other Committee as the Board may from time to time designate) (the “Committee”).

All capitalized terms used herein, to the extent not defined, shall have the meanings set forth in the Company’s 2008 Share Incentive Plan (the “Plan”).

 

1. Award and Vesting of Restricted Share Units

(a) Subject to the provisions of this Agreement and to the provisions of the Plan, the Company hereby grants to the Employee the number of Restricted Share Units set forth on Exhibit A . The Restricted Share Units constitute “RSUs” under the Plan, each with respect to one Class B Ordinary Share of the company (“Class B Ordinary Share”).

(b) Subject to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the provisions of the Plan, the Restricted Share Units will vest and no longer be subject to any restriction (such period during which restrictions apply is the “Restriction Period”) and be settled in four equal annual installments beginning on the first anniversary of the date hereof; provided, that no vesting will occur until the Company’s completion of a firm commitment underwritten initial public offering of its shares resulting in a listing on an Exchange (as defined in the Plan) and the expiration of all underwriters’ lockup periods applicable to such initial public offering. If following the completion of such initial public offering and expiration of such lockup periods, the Employee continues to be in the employ of the Company, prior vesting thresholds will be deemed to have been met as if such initial public offering had occurred and such lockup periods had expired prior to the date hereof.

(c) In the event the Employee’s employment with the Company is terminated for any reason during the Restriction Period, all remaining unvested Restricted Share Units shall be forfeited by the Employee and canceled in their entirety effective immediately upon such termination.

(d) For purposes of this Agreement, employment with the Company shall be deemed to include employment with the Related Companies. Nothing in this Agreement or the Plan shall confer upon the Employee any right to continue in the employ of the Company or interfere in any way with the right of the Company to terminate the Employee’s employment at any time.


2. Settlement of Units

As soon as practicable after any Restricted Share Units have vested and are no longer subject to the Restriction Period, such Restricted Share Units shall be settled. Subject to Paragraph 8 (pertaining to the withholding of taxes), for each Restricted Share Unit settled pursuant to this Section 2, the Company shall issue one Class B Ordinary Share for each Restricted Share Unit vesting at such time and such Restricted Share Unit shall be deemed settled and cancelled. The Employee understands and acknowledges that each Class B Ordinary Share issued to the Employee upon vesting and settlement under this Section 2, if any, is convertible, either at the option of the Employee or, under certain circumstances, automatically (including if the Employee sells, pledges, or otherwise transfers such Class B Ordinary Share), into one Class A Ordinary Share of the Company (the “Class A Ordinary Share”) pursuant to the memorandum and articles of association of the Company (as amended from time to time, the “Memorandum and Articles of Association”).

 

3. Non-Transferability of the Restricted Share Units

The Restricted Share Units shall not be transferable by the Employee by means of sale, assignment, exchange, encumbrance, pledge, hedge or otherwise.

 

4. Rights as a Shareholder

The Employee shall not be entitled to any rights of a shareholder with respect to the Restricted Share Units.

 

5. Payment of Transfer Taxes, Fees and Other Expenses

The Company agrees to pay any and all original issue taxes and share transfer taxes that may be imposed on the issuance of shares received by an Employee in connection with the Restricted Share Units, together with any and all other fees and expenses necessarily incurred by the Company in connection therewith.

 

6. Other Restrictions

(a) The Restricted Share Units shall be subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Committee shall determine that (i) the listing, registration or qualification of the Class B Ordinary Shares subject or related thereto upon any securities exchange or under any Applicable Law (as defined in the Plan), or (ii) the consent or approval of any government regulatory body is necessary or advisable, then in any such event, the award of Restricted Share Units shall not be effective unless such listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval shall have been effected or obtained, free of any conditions not acceptable to the Committee.


(b) The Employee acknowledges that the Employee is subject to the Company’s policies regarding compliance with securities laws, and that the Employee may be required to obtain pre-clearance from the Company’s Chief Financial Officer or legal counsel before selling any Class B Ordinary Shares issued upon vesting and settlement of the Restricted Share Units, or any Class A Ordinary Shares issued upon the conversion of any Class B Ordinary Shares, and may be prohibited from selling such shares other than during an open trading window. The Employee further acknowledges that, in its discretion, the Company may prohibit the Employee from selling such shares even during an open trading window if the Company has concerns that the Employee may be in possession of material non-public information concerning the Company.

(c) The Employee agrees to hold any Class B Ordinary Shares issued under this Agreement and any Class A Ordinary Shares issued upon the conversion of such Class B Ordinary Shares subject to these terms, the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the Company and all applicable law.

 

7. Taxes and Withholding

No later than the date as of which an amount first becomes includible in the income of the Employee under Tax Law (as defined in the Plan) with respect to any Restricted Share Units, the Employee shall pay to the Company, or make arrangements satisfactory to the Company regarding the payment of, all taxes that are required by applicable laws and regulations to be withheld with respect to such amount. The obligations of the Company under this Agreement shall be conditioned on compliance by the Employee with this Paragraph 7, and the Company shall, to the extent permitted by law, have the right to deduct any such taxes from any payment otherwise due to the Employee, including deducting such amount from the delivery of shares or cash issued upon settlement of the Restricted Share Units that gives rise to the withholding requirement.

 

8. Notices

All notices and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be given by hand delivery to the other party or by email or express courier addressed as follows:

If to the Employee: at the last known address on record at the Company.

If to the Company:

Changyou.com Limited

East Tower, Jin Yan Building

29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District

Beijing 100084

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Alex Ho

Email: alex@sohu-inc.com


or to such other address or facsimile number as any party shall have furnished to the other in writing in accordance with this Paragraph 8. Notice and communications shall be effective when actually received by the addressee. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Employee consents to electronic delivery of documents required to be delivered by the Company under the securities laws.

 

9. Effect of Agreement

Except as otherwise provided hereunder, this Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of any successor or successors of the Company.

 

10. Laws Applicable to Construction; Consent to Jurisdiction

This Agreement will be governed by and construed and enforced in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, in each case exclusive of such jurisdiction’s principles of conflicts of law. If, under the applicable law, any portion of this Agreement is at any time deemed to be in conflict with any applicable statute, rule, regulation or ordinance, such portion will be deemed to be modified or altered to conform thereto or, if that is not possible, to be omitted from this Agreement; the invalidity of any such portion will not affect the force, effect and validity of the remaining portion hereof.

At the option of the party initiating the claim any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement may also be submitted to arbitration administered by the International Chamber of Commerce (“ICC”). The award rendered in such an arbitration proceeding will be final and binding and judgment on the award rendered may be entered in any court having jurisdiction over the parties. Such arbitration shall be held in Hong Kong and shall be conducted in accordance with the ICC International Arbitration Rules, except as may be modified by the following:

(a) The number of arbitrators will be three, one of whom will be appointed by the party asserting a claim against the other party or parties, one of whom will be appointed by the party or parties (acting together), as the case may be, against whom a claim has been asserted, and the third of whom will be selected by mutual agreement, if possible, within thirty days after the selection of the second arbitrator.

(b) The language of the arbitration will be Mandarin Chinese and any foreign-language documents presented at such arbitration will be accompanied by a Mandarin Chinese translation thereof that shall be prepared at the expense of the party seeking to present such document.

(c) Any award of the arbitrators (i) will be in writing, (ii) will state the reasons upon which such award is based and (iii) may include an award of costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements.

(d) The arbitrators will have no authority to award punitive damages or any other damages not measured by the prevailing party’s actual damages, and may not, in any event, make any ruling, finding or award that does not conform to the terms and conditions of this Agreement.


(e) Notwithstanding the foregoing, any party may apply to any court having jurisdiction over the parties to obtain injunctive relief in order to maintain the status quo until such time as an arbitration award may be rendered or the dispute, controversy or claim may be otherwise resolved.

 

11. Severability

The invalidity or enforceability of any provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision of this Agreement.

 

12. Conflicts and Interpretation

In the event of any conflict between this Agreement and the Plan, the Plan shall control. In the event of any ambiguity in this Agreement, or any matters as to which this Agreement is silent, the Plan shall govern including, without limitation, the provisions thereof pursuant to which the Committee has the power, among others, to (i) interpret the Plan, (ii) prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, and (iii) make all other determinations deemed necessary or advisable for the administration of the Plan.

 

13. Amendment

The Company may amend or waive the terms of the Restricted Share Unit award, prospectively or retroactively, but no such modification, amendment or waiver shall impair the rights of the Employee without his or her consent, except as required by Applicable Law. The waiver by either party of compliance with any provision of this Agreement shall not operate or be construed as a waiver of any other provision of this Agreement, or of any subsequent breach by such party of a provision of this Agreement.

 

14. Headings

The headings of paragraphs herein are included solely for convenience of reference and shall not affect the meaning or interpretation of any of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

15. Counterparts

This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, which together shall constitute one and the same original.


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, as of the date first above written, the Company has caused this Agreement to be executed on its behalf by a duly authorized officer and the Employee has hereunto set the Employee’s hand. Electronic acceptance of this Agreement pursuant to the Company’s instructions to Employee is acceptable.

 

Changyou.com Limited

 

Name:
Title:
EMPLOYEE

 


EXHIBIT A

Name of Employee:                                                                                        

Number of Restricted Share Units granted:                                              

Exhibit 10.8

FORM OF LOAN AGREEMENTS


English Translation

FORM OF LOAN AGREEMENT

This Loan Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into as of August 20, 2008 between and by the following Parties in Beijing, People’s Republic of China (“China” or “PRC”):

 

Party A:    Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd., with the registered address of No. 1210, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-Tech Zone, Shijingshan District, Beijing; and the legal representative is Tao WANG; and
Party B:                        , with the address of                     ; and ID number of                     .

(In this Agreement, Party A and Party B are called collectively as the “Parties” and respectively as “Party” or “Other Party”)

WHEREAS,

 

1. Party A, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise duly incorporated and validly existing under the PRC laws;

 

2. Party B, a PRC citizen and the shareholder of Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gamease”) holding     % equity interests of Gamease; and

 

3. Party A and Party B concluded a loan agreement, pursuant to which Party A agreed to provide the interest free loan to Party B with the amount of RMB                     for Party B in order to establish Gamease;

NOW, THEREFORE , in order to clarify the Parties’ rights and obligations, through friendly negotiations, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

1. Loan

 

  1.1 Under the provisions and conditions of this Agreement, Party A has provided an interest-free loan to Party B with the principal as RMB                     and Party B has received the aforesaid loan.

 

  1.2 Party B confirms that it has received the payment of loan and used all of the loan for establishing Gamease.


2. Term of Loan

 

  2.1. The term of such loan starts from                      until ten (10) years after signing this Agreement and could be extended upon the written confirmation by Party A and the extended period shall be determined by Party A.

 

  2.2. During the term or extended term of such a loan, Party A may accelerate the loan repayment in written notice, if any of the following events occurs:

 

  (1) Party B quits or is dismissed by Party A or its affiliates;

 

  (2) Party B dies or becomes a person without capacity or with limited capacity for civil acts;

 

  (3) Party B commits a crime or is involved in a crime;

 

  (4) Any other third party claims more than RMB100,000 against Party B;

 

  (5) Any statement or warranties made by Party B under this Agreement is untrue or in accurate in any material aspects; or Party B breaches the obligations under this Agreement; or

 

  (6) According to the PRC laws, Party A or its designated person may be qualified to invest in the business of value-added telecommunication, such as internet information service and other services, which Gamease runs, and also Party A has a written notice to Gamease and exercised its right of purchase in accordance with the terms of Equity Interest Purchase Agreement (“Purchase Agreement”).

 

3. Repayment of Loan

 

  3.1. The Parties herein agree and confirm that Party B or their successors or assignees have to repay the loan only by the following methods: transfer all equity interest in Gamease to Party A in compliance with PRC laws and use the proceeds to repay the loan when the loan is due and Party A gives a written notice.

 

  3.2. Without the written consent made by Party A, Party B shall not repay such loan partially or in full.

 

  3.3.

Based on the Clause 3.1, all parties herein agree and confirm that, according to the PRC laws, Party A or its designated person (including natural person, legal entity or any other entity) has the right, but not the obligation, to purchase all or part of the equity interest held by Party B in Gamease (the “Option”) at anytime, however, Party A shall notify Party B of such purchase of equity interests with a written notice. Once the written notice for exercising the Option is issued by Party A, Party B shall sell his all or part of equity interests of Gamease upon Party A’s request and instructions (including the equity interest obtained by any methods after such notice date) with the original invest price (the “Original Investment Price”, means RMB 100,000 for each 1% of equity interests) or price otherwise stipulated by laws according to the consent of


 

Party A to Party A or its designated person. All parties agree and confirm that when Party A exercises the Option, the price that allowed by the applicable law at the time is higher than the Original Investment Price, Party A shall purchase the equity interests at the lowest price in accordance with the applicable law; if the lowest price is higher than the Original Investment Price, Party B shall reimburse the exceeding amount to Party A pursuant to Article 4 of this Agreement. All parties agree to execute the Purchase Agreement in connection with above matters.

 

  3.4. The Parties agree to complete the registration for changing the shareholder at relevant administration for industry and commerce authorities; and the equity transfer abovementioned shall be considered as complete after Party A or its designated person is registered as legal owner of target equity interests.

 

4. Interests of Loan

All parties agree and confirm that this loan is an interest-free loan unless otherwise provided in this Agreement. But if the loan is due and Party B has to transfer his equity interests in Gamease to Party A pursuant to this Agreement or its designated person and the proceeds exceed the loan principal due to the legal requirement or other reasons, the extra amount over the principal of proceeds will be considered as the interests or capital use cost, which shall be repaid to Party A.

 

5. Party B’s Representative, Warranties and Promises

 

  5.1 Party B shall deliver the copy of Capital Contribution Certificate which evidences he owns 40% equity interests of Gamease to Party A.

 

  5.2 As the guarantee of the loan, Party B agrees to pledge all equity interests held in Gamease to Party B and grant Party B an option right to purchase such equity interests; and Party B agrees to execute the Equity Pledge Agreement and Purchase Agreement upon the request of Party A.

 

  5.3 Without prior written consent by Party A, not, upon the execution of this Agreement, to sale, transfer, mortgage or dispose, in any other form, any equity interests or any other rights, or to approve any other security interest set on it except the set is for the Party A’s benefit.

 

  5.4 Without the prior written consent by Party A, not to decide or support or execute any shareholders resolution on Gamease’s shareholders’ meeting that approves any sale, transfer, mortgage or dispose of any legitimate or beneficial interest of equity interest, or allows any other security interest set on it, other than made to Party A or its designated persons.

 

  5.5 Without prior written notice by Party A, they shall not agree or support or execute any shareholders resolution on the Gamease’s shareholders’ meeting that approves Gamease to merger or associate with any person (under this Agreement, the “person” means individual, company, partnership or other entities), acquire any person or invest in any person.


  5.6 Without prior written consent by Party A, not to take any action or any nonfeasance that may affect materially Gamease’s assets, business and liabilities; Without prior written consent by Party A, not, upon the execution of this Agreement, to sale, transfer, mortgage or dispose, in any other form, any asset, legitimate or beneficial interest of business or income of Gamease, or to approve any other security interest set on it.

 

  5.7 Upon the request of Party A, to appoint any person designated by Party A to be the directors and senior management personnel of Gamease.

 

  5.8 Upon the exercise of the option and to the extent permitted by PRC laws, to transfer all or part of equity interests of Gamease held by Party B to the person designated by Party A in any time unconditionally, and to waive the first right of refusal for the equity interests to be transferred held by the other shareholder of Gamease.

 

  5.9 Not to request Gamease to distribute the dividend; and not to approve any shareholders’ resolution which may cause Gamease to distribute dividend to its shareholders.

 

  5.10 Without prior written consent by Party A, not, in any form, to supplement, change or modify the Articles of Association of Gamease, to increase or decrease registered capital of the corporation, or to change the structure of the registered capital in any other forms.

 

  5.11 According to fair finance and business standard and tradition, to maintain the existence of the corporation, prudently and effectively operate business and deal with works; to provide materials relating to Gamease’s operation and financial conditions upon Party A’s request; and to normally operate all business to maintain the asset value of Gamease.

 

  5.12 Without prior written notice by Party A, not cause, inherit, guarantee or allow the existence of any debt, other than (i) the debt arising from normal or daily business but not from borrowing; and (ii)the debt disclosed to Party A and obtained the written consent from Party A.

 

  5.13 Without prior written consent by Party A, not to enter into any material agreement, other than the agreement in the process of normal business (as in this paragraph, the amount in the agreement that exceeds a hundred thousand Yuan (RMB 100,000) shall be deemed as a material agreement).

 

  5.14 In order to keep its ownership of the equity interest, to execute all requisite or appropriate documents, conduct all requisite or appropriate actions, and make all requisite or appropriate claims, or make requisite or appropriate defend against fall claims of compensation; to notify Party A the occurrence or the potential occurrence of any litigation, arbitration or administrative procedure related to Gamease.


  5.15 To exercise the rights as Gamease’s shareholder upon the request by Party A and only upon Party A’s written authorization.

 

  5.16 To prudently comply with the provisions of this Agreement and perform all obligations under these Agreements, without taking any action or any nonfeasance that sufficiently affects the validity and enforceability of this Agreement.

 

  5.17 The Parties agree and confirm the meaning of “Party A’s written notice” pursuant to this Agreement means the consent shall be approved by the board of Party A, but if such consent only approved by Party B, such consent shall not be deemed as satisfied with the obtaining of written notice from Party A.

 

6. Taxes and Expenses

Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Parties shall, according to the PRC laws, bear any and all taxes and expenses pursuant to this Agreement. Other taxes and reasonable expense regarding the loan shall be borne by Party A.

 

7. Effectiveness and Termination

 

  7.1 This Agreement is concluded upon its execution and takes effect on the date hereof.

 

  7.2 The Parties agree and confirm the this Agreement shall be terminated when the Parties has completed to perform their obligation under this Agreement; the Parties further agree and confirm that Party B shall be deemed the completion of performing their obligations under this agreement only if the following requirements are met:

 

  (1) Party B has transferred all equity interests of Gamease to Party A and/or its designated person; and,

 

  (2) Party B has repaid the total amount caused from the equity interest transferring according to this Agreement or the proceeds stipulated by Purchase Agreement to Party A.

 

  7.3 Party B cannot terminate or revoke unilaterally this Agreement unless (1) Party A commits the gross negligence, fraud or other material illegal action; or (2) Party A terminates as a result of bankruptcy, dissolution, or being ordered to be closed down according to laws.

 

8. Breach of Contract

 

  8.1

If any party (“Defaulting Party”) breaches any provision of this Agreement, which may cause the damages of the other party (“Non-defaulting Party”), the Non-defaulting Party could notify the Defaulting Party in written and request it to


 

rectify and correct such breach of contract; if the Defaulting Party cannot take any action satisfied by Non-defaulting Party and rectify and correct such breach within fifteen (15) days upon the issuance of the written notice, the Non-defaulting Party could take the actions pursuant to this Agreement or other measures in accordance with laws.

 

  8.2 If Party B can not repay the loan pursuant to this Agreement, Party B shall pay the penalty at a rate of 0.2‰ per day for any outstanding loan to Party A (from the request date for repayment by Party A), and shall also indemnify Party A on a full indemnity basis against all direct economic damages due to breach of contract by Party A (including but not limited to market value of pending equity interests held by Party B or outstanding loan, which is the higher).

 

9. Confidentiality

The Parties acknowledge and confirm any oral or written materials exchanged by the Parties in connection with this Agreement are confidential. The Parties shall maintain the secrecy and confidentiality of all such materials. Without the written approval by the other Parties, any Party shall not disclose to any third party any relevant materials, but the following circumstances shall be excluded:

 

  (a) The materials that is known or may be known by the Public (but not include the materials disclosed by each party receiving the materials );

 

  (b) The materials required to be disclosed subject to the applicable laws or the rules or provisions of stock exchange; or

 

  (c) if any documents required to be disclosed by any party to its legal counsel or financial consultant for the purpose of the transaction of this Agreement by any party, such legal counsel or financial consultant shall also comply with the confidentiality as stated hereof. Any disclosure by employees or agencies employed by any party shall be deemed the disclosure of such party and such party shall assume the liabilities for its breach of contract pursuant to this Agreement. This Article shall survive whatever this Agreement is void, amended, cancelled, terminated or unable to perform.

 

10. Notices

Notices or other communications required to be given by any party pursuant to this Agreement shall be in written and delivered personally or sent by registered mail or postage prepaid mail or by a recognized courier service or by facsimile transmission to the address of relevant each party or both parties set forth below or other address of the party or of the other addressees specified by such party from time to time. The date when the notice is deemed to be duly served shall be determined as the follows: (a) a notice delivered personally is deemed duly served upon the delivery; (b) a notice sent by mail is deemed duly served the seventh (7 th ) day after the date when the air registered mail with postage prepaid has been sent out (as is shown on the postmark), or the fourth (4 th ) day after the delivery date to the internationally recognized courier service agency; and (c) a notice sent by facsimile transmission is deemed duly served upon the receipt time as is shown on the transmission confirmation of relevant documents.


Party A:   Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.
Legal Address:   No. 1210, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-Tech Zone, Shijingshan District, Beijing
Postcode:   100041
Tel:  
Fax:  
Party B:  
Address:  
Postcode:  
Tel:  
Fax:  

 

11. Applicable Law and Dispute Resolution

 

  11.1 The execution, validity, performance and interpretation of this Agreement and the disputes resolution under this Agreement shall be governed by PRC laws.

 

  11.2 The parties shall strive to settle any dispute arising from this Agreement through friendly consultation.

 

  11.3 In case no settlement can be reached through consultation within thirty (30) days after such dispute is raised, each party can submit such matter to Beijing Arbitration Commission in accordance with its then effective rules. The arbitration shall take place in Beijing. The arbitration award shall be final conclusive and binding upon both parties. If there is any dispute is in process of arbitration, other then the matters in dispute, the Parties shall perform the other rights and obligation pursuant to this Agreement.

 

12. Miscellaneous

 

  12.1 The headings contained in this Agreement are for the convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation, explanation or in any other way the meaning of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

  12.2 The Parties confirm that this Agreement shall constitute the entire agreement of the Parties upon its effectiveness with respect to the subject matters therein and supersedes and replaces all prior or contemporaneous verbal or/and written agreements and understandings.

 

  12.3 This Agreement shall be binding and benefit the successor of each Party and the transferee allowed by each Party. Without the prior written notice by Party A, Party B shall not transfer, pledge or dispose in other manners its rights, interest and obligation pursuant to this Agreement.


  12.4 Party B hereby agrees that, (i) if Party B dies, Party B agree to transfer the rights and obligation pursuant to this Agreement to the person designated by Party A; (ii) Party A could transfer its rights and obligation pursuant to this Agreement to other third parties. Party A only needs to issue a written notice to Party B for such transfer and no need to obtain the consent by Party B.

 

  12.5 Any delay of performing the rights under the Agreement by either Party shall not be deemed the waiver of such rights and would not affect the future performance of such rights.

 

  12.6 If any provision of this Agreement is judged as void, invalid or non-enforceable according to relevant laws, the provision shall be deemed invalid only within the applicable area of the PRC Laws, and the validity, legality and enforceability of the other provisions hereof shall not be affected or impaired in any way. The Parties shall cease performing such void, invalid or non-enforceable provisions and replace those void, invalid or non-enforceable provisions with valid provisions to the extent which such provisions could be valid, effective and enforceable.

 

  12.7 Any matters excluded in this Agreement shall be negotiated by the Parties. Any amendment and supplement of this Agreement shall be made by the Parties in writing. The amendment and supplement duly executed by each Party shall be deemed as a part of this Agreement and shall have the same legal effect as this Agreement.

 

  12.8 This Agreement is executed with four (4) original copies; each Party holds two (2) original copies and each original copy has the same legal effect.

IN WITNESS THEREFORE , the parties hereof have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the date first written above.

[No Text Below]


[Signature Page]

Party A: Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

Signature:                                                                                         

Legal/Authorized Representative:                                              

Name:

Position:

Party B:

Signature:                                                                                         

Exhibit 10.9

FORM OF EQUITY INTEREST PURCHASE RIGHTS AGREEMENT


English Translation

FORM OF EQUITY INTEREST PURCHASE AGREEMENT

This Equity Interest Purchase Agreement (this “Agreement”) is entered into as of August 20, 2008 between and by the following Parties in Beijing, People’s Republic of China (“China” or “PRC”):

 

Party A:   Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd., with the registered address of No. 1210, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-Tech Zone, Shijingshan District, Beijing; and the legal representative of Tao Wang;
Party B:                       , with the address of                     ; and ID number of                     .
Party C:   Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., with the registered address of No. 1197, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-Tech Zone, Shijingshan District, Beijing; and the legal representative of Tao Wang;

WHEREAS:

 

1. Party A, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise incorporated under the PRC laws;

 

2. Party C, a limited liability company incorporated under the PRC laws;

 

3. Party B, a PRC citizen and the shareholders of Party C holding                      equity interests of Party C (“Equity Interests”);

 

4. The Loan Agreement (“Loan Agreement”) was entered into between and by Party A and Party B on                     , 2008, pursuant to which Party A has extended the interest free loan to Party B with the amount of RMB                      and Party B has received the loan;

 

5. The Equity Interest Pledge Agreement (“Equity Pledge Agreement”) was entered between and by Party A and Party B on                     , 2008; and

 

6. The Business Operation Agreement was entered among and by Party B, Party C and its shareholder on August 20, 2008;


NOW, THEREFORE , to clarify the rights and obligations of each Party, through friendly negotiations, the Parties hereby agree to the following:

 

1. Purchase and Sale of Equity Interest

 

  1.1 Grant Rights

Party B (the “Transferor”) hereby exclusively and irrevocably grants to Party A or any designated person (“Designated Persons”) an option to purchase, at any time according to steps determined by Party A, and at the price specified in Section 1.3 of this Agreement, from the Transferor a portion or all of the equity interests held by Party B in Party C (the “Option”). No Option shall be granted to any third party other than Party A and/or the Designated Persons. The “person” set forth in this Agreement means any individual person, corporation, joint venture, partnership, enterprise, trust or non-corporation organization. The person indicated hereunder means individual, company, association, partner, enterprise, trust and other organization.

 

  1.2 Exercise Steps

Party A and/or the Designated Persons may exercise Option by issuing a written notice (the “Notice”) in the form of the sample attached in the appendix I to Party B specifying the equity interest to be purchased from Party B (the “Purchased Equity Interest”) and the manner of purchase.

Within 7 business days upon the receipt of Notice, Party B shall enter into an equity transfer agreement with Party A and/or its designated party and ensure transfer of Purchased Equity Interest to Party A and/or its designated person.

 

  1.3 Purchase Price

 

  1.3.1 When Party A exercises the Option, the purchase price of the Purchased Equity Interest (“Purchase Price”) shall be equal to the original investment price of the Purchased Equity Interest (“Original Investment Price”, of RMB 100,000 for 1% of equity interests) by Party B, unless applicable PRC laws and regulations require appraisal of the equity interests or stipulate other restrictions on the purchase price of equity interests.

 

  1.3.2 If the applicable PRC laws require appraisal of the equity interests or stipulates other restrictions on the purchase price when Party A exercises the Option, the Parties agree that the Purchase Price shall be set at the lowest price permissible under the applicable laws. If the lowest price is higher than the original investment, the amount exceeded shall be repaid to Party A according to the Loan Agreement.

 

  1.4 Transfer of the Purchased Equity Interest

After Party A provides written notice to purchase equity interest pursuant to this Agreement, each time the option is exercised:

 

  1.4.1 Party B shall ask Party C to convene a shareholders’ meeting. During the meeting, a resolution, for Party B to transfer Equity Interest to Party A and/or the Designated Persons, shall be made, and Party B shall sign a confirmation letter waiving the first right of refusal for other equity interests in Party C;


  1.4.2 Party B shall, pursuant to the terms and conditions of this Agreement and the Purchased Equity Interest Notices, enter into an equity interest transfer agreement with Party A and/or the Designated Persons (as applicable) for each transfer;

 

  1.4.3 The related parties shall execute all other requisite contracts, agreements or documents, obtain all requisite governmental approvals and consents, and conduct all necessary actions, without any security interest, transfer the valid ownership of the Purchased Equity Interest to Party A and/or the Designated Persons, and have Party A and/or the Designated Persons be the registered owner of the Purchased Equity Interest at administration for industry and commerce. In this clause and this Agreement, “Security Interest” includes guarantees, mortgages, pledges, the rights or interests of third parties, any equity interest purchase right, right of acquisition, right of first refusal, right of set-off, ownership detainment or other security arrangements. It does not include any security interest subject to the Equity Pledge Agreement.

 

  1.4.4 Party B and Party C shall unconditionally assist Party A in obtaining the governmental approvals, permits, registrations, filings and complete all necessary formalities for obtaining the Purchase Equity Interest.

 

  1.5 Payment

Payment method of the Purchase Price shall be determined through consultation by Party A and/or the Designated Persons with Party B according to applicable laws when the option is exercised. Party A and Party B hereby agree that Party B shall repay any amount that is paid by Party A and/or the Designated Persons to Party B in connection with the Purchased Equity Interest to Party A in accordance with the law as reimbursement for the loan principal of the loan and interest or cost under the Loan Agreement as allowed by the law.

 

2. Party B and Party C’s Promises

 

  2.1 Without prior written consent by Party A, not to, in any form supplement, change or amend the Articles of Association of Party C, increase or decrease registered capital of the corporation, or change the structure of the registered capital in any other form.

 

  2.2 Without prior written consent by Party A, not to, upon the execution of this Agreement, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose in any other form, any legitimate or beneficial equity interests, or approve any other security interest set on it except the pledges pursuant to the Equity Pledge Agreement.

 

  2.3 Without prior written consent by Party A, not to decide, support or execute any shareholders resolution at Party C’s shareholders’ meeting that approves any sale, transfer, mortgage or disposal of any legitimate or beneficial equity interest, or allow any other security interest set on it, except pledges on the equity interests made to Party A or its Designated Persons.


  2.4 At any time, upon Party A’s request, to transfer Equity Interests to Party A and/or the Designated Person unconditionally at any time, and to waive the first right of refusal for the equity interests to be transferred held by the other shareholder of Party C.

 

  2.5 Without prior written consent by Party A, they shall not agree, support or execute any shareholders resolution at the Party C’s shareholders’ meeting that allows Party C to merge, associate with, acquire, or invest in any person.

 

  2.6 According to fair finance and business standards and customs, to maintain the existence of the corporation, prudently and effectively operate the business and handle affairs to maintain the asset value of Party C, and to refrain from any action/inaction which affects its operations and asset value.

 

  2.7 Without prior written consent by Party A, not to take any action and/or inaction, which may materially effect Party C’s assets, business and liabilities; and not to, upon the execution of this Agreement, sell, transfer, mortgage or dispose in any other form, any asset, legitimate or beneficial business interest or income of Party C, or approve any other security interest set on it.

 

  2.8 Without prior written consent by Party A, not to cause, inherit, guarantee or allow the existence of any debt, other than (i) debt arising from normal or daily business but not from borrowing; and (ii) debt already disclosed to and consented in writing by Party A.

 

  2.9 Without prior written consent by Party A, not to enter into any material contract, other than those needed in the process of normal business operations (As in this paragraph, any agreement that exceeding one hundred thousand Yuan (RMB 100,000) shall be deemed as a material agreement).

 

  2.10 Without prior written consent by Party A, not to provide any loans or credit loans to anyone.

 

  2.11 Upon the request of Party A, to provide all operations and financial information of Party C.

 

  2.12 To purchase and hold insurance from insurance companies accepted by Party A, the insurance amount and category shall be the same as those held by companies in the same area, operating a similar business and owning similar properties and assets as Party C.

 

  2.13 To notify Party A on the occurrence or the potential occurrence of any litigation, arbitration or administrative procedures related to equity interests owned by Party B, or Party C’s assets, business and revenue.


  2.14 In order to keep ownership of Party B’s equity interest, to execute all requisite or appropriate documents, conduct all requisite or appropriate actions, and make all requisite or appropriate claims, and take all requisite or appropriate defenses against false claims of compensation.

 

  2.15 In order to keep ownership of Party C’s assets, to execute all requisite or appropriate documents, conduct all requisite or appropriate actions, make all requisite or appropriate claims, and take all requisite or appropriate defenses against false claims of compensation.

 

  2.16 Party C shall not distribute dividend to its shareholders in any manners (Without prior written consent by Party A), but should Party A request it, Party C should promptly distribute all part of its dividends to shareholders.

 

  2.17 Promptly notify Party A on the occurrence or possible occurrence of litigation, arbitration or administrative proceeding regarding the equity interests held by Party B.

 

  2.18 Facilitate Shareholder approval of the transfer of Purchased Equity Interests subject to this Agreement.

 

  2.19 Upon the request of Party A, to appoint any persons designated by Party A as director or senior management personnel of Party C.

 

  2.20 To exercise rights as Party C’s shareholder upon the request, and only upon the written authorization of Party A.

 

  2.21 The Parties agree and confirm the meaning of “Party A’s written consent” as stated in this Agreement means consent approved by the board of Party A, if such consent is only approved by Party B, it shall not be deemed as having the written consent of Party A.

 

  2.22 To adhere strictly to the provisions of this Agreement and other Agreements entered into collectively or respectively by Party A, Party B and Party C, and to perform all obligations under these Agreements, without taking any action or inaction which affects the validity and enforceability of these Agreements.

 

3. Representations and Warranties

As of the execution date of this Agreement and every transfer date, Party B and Party C hereby represents and warrants to Party A as follows:

 

  3.1 It has the power and ability to enter into and deliver on this Agreement and any equity interest transfer Agreements (“Transfer Agreement”, respectively) which is a party of, for every transfer of Purchased Equity Interest pursuant to this Agreement, and to perform its obligations under this Agreement and any Transferring Agreement. Upon execution, this Agreement and the Transfer Agreements to which it is a party constitute a legal, valid and binding obligation enforceable against it in accordance with its terms;


  3.2 The execution, delivery, and performance obligations of this Agreement and any Transfer Agreements do not: (i) cause violation of any relevant PRC laws and regulations; (ii) constitute a conflict with its Articles of Association or other organizational documents; (iii) cause a breach to any Agreement or instrument which it is a party of or is bound by, or constitute a breach under any Agreement or instruments to which it is a party of or is bound by; (iv) cause violations of any relevant permits or approvals and/or any relevant persistent valid conditions; or (v) cause any permits or approvals to be suspended, or removed, or induce additional conditions;

 

  3.3 Party C holds valid ownership and sales rights to all its assets. Party C has not set any security interest on these assets;

 

  3.4 Party C does not have any unpaid debt, except (i) debt arising in the normal course business; and (ii) debt already disclosed to Party A to which Party A has approved in writing;

 

  3.5 Party C complies with all PRC laws and regulations applicable to the acquisition of assets;

 

  3.6 No litigation, arbitration or administrative procedure relevant to the equity interest and assets of Party C or the corporation is in process, pending settlement or likely to occur;

 

  3.7 Party B holds valid ownership sales rights to its equity interest and has not any security interests on these interests, other than the security interests pursuant to the Equity Pledge Agreement.

 

4. Breach of Contract

 

  4.1 If any party (“Defaulting Party”) breaches any provision of this Agreement, which may cause damages to other parties (“Non-defaulting Party”), the Non-defaulting Party con notify the Defaulting Party in writing, requesting it rectify and correct such a breach of contract; if the Defaulting Party does not take actions which rectify and correct such breach to the satisfaction of the Non-defaulting Party within fifteen (15) days upon the issuance of the written notice, the Non-defaulting Party can take actions pursuant to this Agreement or other measures in accordance with laws in response.

 

  4.2 The occurrence of the following events constitute a breach of contract by Party B:

 

  (1) any violation by Party B of the provisions of this Agreement, or these exists in the representation and warranties hereunder material mistakes, inaccuracies or are otherwise incorrect;

 

  (2) transference in any manner, or the pledging of any rights pursuant to this Agreement without the prior written consent of Party A; or


  (3) this Agreement, Loan Agreement and/or Equity Pledge Agreement becomes invalid or unenforceable.

 

  4.3 Should a breach of contract or violation of provisions under Loan Agreement, Equity Pledge Agreement and Business Operation Agreement occur, Party A can take the following actions:

 

  (1) request Party B transferring all or part of Purchased Equity Interests at Purchase Price to Party A or the Designated Persons; and

 

  (2) take back loans made under the Loan Agreement.

 

  4.4 Once Party A realizes the pledge pursuant to Article 9 of the Equity Pledge Agreement and, Party A obtains the relevant payments, Party B will be deemed to have fulfilled its obligations under this Agreement and Party A should not request any other payments from Party B.

 

5. Assignment

 

  5.1 Without prior written consent of the Party A, Party B shall not transfer its rights and obligations under this Agreement to any third party; if Party B dies, Party B agrees to transfer the rights and obligation under this Agreement to the person designated by Party A.

 

  5.2 This Agreement shall be binding on the successor to Party B and is effective on any successor or transferee as allowed by Party A.

 

  5.3 Party B hereby agrees that Party A shall be able to transfer all of its rights and obligation under this Agreement to any third party at its own discretion. Upon such transfer, Party A is only required to provide written notice to Party B, and no further consent from Party B will be required.

 

6. Effectiveness and Term

 

  6.1 This Agreement shall be concluded and take effect on the date hereof.

 

  6.2 The term of this Agreement is ten (10) years unless early termination in accordance with this Agreement is initiated or terms of other relevant agreements entered into by the Parties. This Agreement may be extended through the written notice by Party A before the expiration of this Agreement. The term of extension will be decided by Party A.

 

  6.3 If Party A or Party C’s operation term expires (including any extensions and grace periods) or is otherwise terminated prior to the expiration of this Agreement as set forth in Section 6.2, this Agreement shall be terminated simultaneously, except where Party A has transferred its rights and obligations in accordance with Section 5.2 of this Agreement.


7. Termination

 

  7.1 At any time during the term of this Agreement, including any extension period, if Party A can not exercise the Option indicated in Article 1, Party A can, at its own discretion, terminate this Agreement by issuing written notice to Party B and does not need to assume any liability.

 

  7.2 If Party C, during the term of this Agreement and its extension period, is bankrupt, dissolved or shut down by authorities, the obligations of Party B hereunder are terminated; Party B shall continue to perform its obligations under other agreements entered with Party A.

 

  7.3 Except under circumstances indicated in clause 7.2, Party B does not have the right to dissolve this Agreement during the term and extension periods of this Agreement.

 

8. Taxes and Expenses

Each Party shall, bear any and all registering taxes, costs and expenses as required by PRC laws for equity transfers arising from the preparation, execution and completion of this Agreement and all Transfer Agreements.

 

9. Confidentiality

The Parties acknowledge and confirm all oral or written materials exchanged by the Parties in connection with this Agreement are confidential. The Parties shall maintain the secrecy and confidentiality of these materials. Without the written consent of the other Parties, no Party shall disclose to any third party such materials, except under the following circumstances:

 

  (a) The materials are, or soon to be, public information (but disclosure cannot be by the Party receiving the information );

 

  (b) The materials are required to be disclosed under applicable laws or the rules or provisions of a stock exchange; or

 

  (c) Where documents are disclosed by any party to its legal or financial counsel for the purpose of transactions under this Agreement, said counsel shall also maintain confidentiality. Any disclosure by employees or agencies employed by any party shall be deemed as disclosure by such party and shall assume the liabilities for breach of contract pursuant to this Agreement. This Article remains in effect even if the Agreement should become void, cancelled, terminated or unenforceable.


10. Notices

Notices or other communications by any party relating to this Agreement shall be made in writing and delivered personally, sent by mail or a recognized courier service, or by facsimile transmission to the address set forth below, or such other addressees specified by the relevant party from time to time. The effective date of the notice is be determined as follows: (a) a notice delivered personally is deemed duly served upon delivery; (b) a notice sent by mail is deemed duly served on the seventh (7 th ) day after the date when the air registered mail with postage prepaid has been sent out (as is shown on the postmark), or the fourth (4 th ) day after it is delivered to an internationally recognized courier service; and (c) a notice sent by facsimile transmission is deemed duly served as of the receipt time shown on the transmission confirmation.

 

Party A:

  Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

Legal Address:

  No. 1210, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-Tech Zone, Shijingshan District, Beijing

Postcode:

  100041

Tel:

 

Fax:

 

Party B:

 

Address:

  East Tower, Jingyan Hotel, No. 20 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing

Postcode:

  100041

Tel:

 

Fax:

 

Party C:

  Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Legal Address:

  No. 1197, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-Tech Zone, Shijingshan District, Beijing

Postcode:

  100041

Tel:

 

Fax:

 

 

11. Applicable Law and Dispute Resolution

 

  11.1 The execution, validity, interpretation and method of dispute resolution under this Agreement shall be governed by PRC law.

 

  11.2 The parties shall strive to settle any dispute arising from this Agreement through friendly negotiations.

 

  11.3 If no settlement can be reached through negotiations within thirty (30) days after a dispute is raised, either party can submit the matter to Beijing Arbitration Commission in accordance with its effective rules. The arbitration shall take place in Beijing. The arbitration decision shall be final and is binding upon the Parties. If there is a dispute, whether newly arising or in the process of arbitration, other then the matters in dispute, the Parties shall enjoy all other rights and perform all other obligations pursuant to this Agreement.


12. Miscellaneous

 

  12.1 The headings contained in this Agreement are for convenient referencing only and do not affect the interpretation, explanation or meaning of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

  12.2 The Parties confirm that upon this Agreement effectiveness, both Parties are in complete agreement respect to the subject matters and interpretations of this Agreement and replaces all prior verbal or/and written agreements and understandings.

 

  12.3 This Agreement shall bind and benefit the Parties, the “successor” and the transferees allowed by each Party.

 

  12.4 Any delay in the exercise of rights granted under this Agreement by either Party shall not be deemed as a waiver of such rights, and does not affect the future use of such rights.

 

  12.5 If any provision of this Agreement is judged as void, invalid or unenforceable under relevant laws, the provision shall be deemed invalid only within the applicable area of the law, The validity, legality and enforceability of the other provisions hereof are not affected or impaired in any way. The Parties shall cease performing such void, invalid or unenforceable provisions and replace these with provisions which are valid, effective and enforceable.

 

  12.6 Any matters excluded in this Agreement shall be negotiated by the Parties. Any amendment or supplement to this Agreement shall be made in writing. Amendments and supplements duly executed by each Party shall be deemed as a part of this Agreement and enjoys the same legal effect as this Agreement.

 

  12.7 This Agreement is drawn up with three (3) original copies; each Party holds one (1) copy and each copy has the same legal effect.

IN WITNESS THEREFORE , the parties hereof have personally or through their duly authorized representatives signed this Agreement as of the date written above.

[No Text Below]


[Signature Page]

Party A: Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

(seal)

Authorized Representative:                                         

Name:

Position:

Party B:

Signature:                                         

Party C: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

(seal)

Authorized Representative:                                         

Name:

Position:


Appendix:

Equity Purchase Notice

(Sample)

To:

According to the Amended and Restated Equity Interest Purchase Agreement entered between and by you and us dated             , 2008, we hereby notify and request you to transfer     % equity interests in Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. to                      with a purchase price of RMB                     in accordance with the provisions of said agreement.

Regards

Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

(Seal)

Date:                     

Exhibit 10.10

English Translation

FORM OF EQUITY INTEREST PLEDGE AGREEMENT

This Amended and Restated Equity Interest Pledge Agreement (hereinafter “this Agreement”) is entered into in Beijing, People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”) on the day of August 20, 2008 by the following parties:

 

  Pledgor:                        , with the address of                     ; and ID number of                     .
  Pledgee:    Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd., with the registered address of No. 1210, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-Tech Zone, Shijingshan District, Beijing; and the legal representative is Tao WANG.

(In this Agreement, Pledgor and Pledgee are called collectively as the “Parties” and respectively as the “Party” or “Other Party”)

WHEREAS,

 

1. The Pledgee, a wholly foreign-owned enterprise, is duly incorporated and validly existing under the PRC laws;

 

2. Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., a limited liability company, is duly incorporated and validly existing under the PRC laws and is approved by Beijing Communication Bureau to engage in the value-added telecommunication business in respect of Internet information services;

 

3. The Pledgor, a PRC citizen and the shareholder of Gamease holding      % equity interests of Gamease;

 

4. The Pledgor and Pledgee has entered into a Loan Agreement dated August 20, 2008 (“Loan Agreement”), pursuant to which Pledgee has provided the interest free loan to Pledgor with the amount of RMB                      (“Loan”) and the Pledgor has received the aforesaid loan;

 

5. The Pledgor and Pledgee have entered into an Equity Interest Purchase Agreement dated as of August 20, 2008 (“Equity Purchase Agreement”);

 

6. The Pledgor and Gamease has entered into a Business Operation and Maintenance Services Agreement on December 1, 2007 and a Technology Support and Utilization Services Agreement on August 20, 2008 (collectively “Service Agreement”), pursuant to which the Gamease shall pay the relevant services fees (“Service Fee”) to Pledgee for the services provided under the provisions of Service Agreement;

 

7. The Pledgee has entered into a Business Operation Agreement with Gamease and its shareholders dated August 20, 2008 (together with this Agreement, Loan Agreement, Equity Purchase Agreement, Service Agreement, collectively called “Main Agreement” );


English Translation

 

8. In order to ensure that Pledgor and Gamease will perform their obligations under Main Agreement, the Pledgor agrees to pledge all equity interest in Gamease as a security.

NOW, THEREFORE , through friendly negotiations and abiding by the principle of equality and mutual benefit, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

1. Pledge and Guaranteed Scope

 

  1.1 The Pledgor agree to pledge their equity interest in Gamease to the Pledgee as a security Pledgor and Gamease’s performance of obligation under the Main Agreement. Pledge hereunder refers to the rights owned by the Pledgee, who shall be entitled to a priority in receiving payment by the evaluation or proceeds from the auction or sale of the equity interest pledged by the Pledgor to the Pledgee.

 

  1.2 The effect of guarantee under this Agreement shall not be affected due to the revision or modification of Main Agreement and the guarantee to the obligation of Pledgor and Gamease under any revised Main Agreement shall keep effective. The invalid, withdrawal or termination of Main Agreement shall not affect the validity of this Agreement. If Main Agreement becomes invalid and is withdrawn or terminated, the Pledgee has the right to realize immediately the Pledge in accordance with Article 9 of this Agreement.

 

2. Pledged Equity

The pledged equity under this Agreement is              equity interests held by the Pledgor in Gamease (“Pledged Equity”) and all relevant interests. Upon the effectiveness of this Agreement, the situation of Pledged Equity is set out below:

Company’s Name: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Registered Capital: RMB10,000,000.00

Pledged Equity:              equity interests of Gamease

Capital Contribution corresponding to the Pledged Equity: RMB                     

 

3. Creation of Pledge

 

  3.1 The pledge under this Agreement has been registered at the shareholders’ list of Gamease on the date hereof.

 

  3.2 The Parties further agree the pledge shall be recorded with the form attached hereto at the list of shareholders of Gamease and the list of shareholders shall be delivered to the Pledgee.

 

  3.3 Since the pledge shall be created after being registered at the administration for industry and commerce, the Parties shall comply with relevant laws and regulations and make their best effort to complete the registration.


English Translation

 

4. Term of Pledge

 

  4.1 The term of pledge pursuant to this Agreement shall start from the pledge is recorded at Gamease’s Shareholder List until two (2) years after all obligations under Main Agreement has been performed (“Pledge Term”).

 

  4.2 Within the Pledge Term, if the Pledgor and Gamease have not performed the obligations under Main Agreement, the Pledgor has the right to exercise the pledge in accordance with Article 9 of this Agreement.

 

5. Keeping and Return of Pledge Certificate

 

  5.1 The Pledgor shall deliver the pledge certificate to the Pledgee within three (3) working days after the pledge is recorded at Shareholder’s List of Gamease in accordance with Article 3; the Pledgee shall have such pledge documents well kept.

 

  5.2 If the pledge hereunder is terminated pursuant to this Agreement, the Pledgee shall return the pledge certificate to the Pledgor within three (3) working days after the pledge is released pursuant to this Agreement and provide necessary assistance to the Pledgor for dealing with the process of pledge’s release.

 

6. Pledgor’s Representations and Warranties

The Pledgor hereby represents and warrants as of the effective date of this Agreement:

 

  6.1 The Pledgor is the sole legal owner of the equity interest pledged;

 

  6.2 The Pledgor does not set up any other pledge or other rights on the equity interest except the set is for the Pledgee’s benefit.;

 

  6.3 Gaemase’s shareholder meeting has approved the pledge pursuant to this Agreement;

 

  6.4 Upon the effectiveness of this Agreement, this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of it enforceable against it in accordance with its terms to the Pledgor.

 

  6.5 The pledge pursuant to this Agreement does not cause to violate any relevant PRC laws and regulations or cause to breach any agreement or instruments with any third party or any promises made to the third parties;

 

  6.6 All relevant documents and material related to this Agreement provided by the Pledgor to the Pledgee are true, accurate and complete;

 

  6.7 to exercise the rights as shareholder of Gamease only upon the written authorization and request by Party A.


English Translation

 

7. Pledgor’s Promises

 

  7.1 During the effective term of this Agreement, the Pledgor promise to the Pledgee for its benefit that the Pledgor shall:

 

  (1) complete the pledge registration at administration for industry and commerce where Gamease is located pursuant to this Agreement once the registration procedure is available.

 

  (2) not transfer or assign the equity interest, create or permit to create any pledges which may affect on the rights or benefits of the Pledgee without prior written consent from the Pledgee;

 

  (3) comply with and implement relevant laws and regulations with respect to the pledge of rights; present to the Pledgee the notices, orders or suggestions with respect to the Pledge issued or made by the competent authority within five (5) days upon receiving such notices, orders or suggestions; and comply with such notices, orders or suggestions; or object to the foregoing matters at the reasonable request of the Pledgee or with consent from the Pledgee;

 

  (4) timely notify the Pledgee of any events or any received notices which may affect the Pledgor’s equity interest or any part of its right, and any events or any received notices which may change the Pledgor’s any warranty and obligation under this Agreement or affect the Pledgor’s performance of its obligations under this Agreement.

 

  7.2 The Pledgor promises that the Pledgee’s right to the Pledge obtained from this Agreement shall not be suspended or inhibited by any legal procedure launched by the Pledgor or any successors of the Pledgor or any person authorized by the Pledgor or any such other person.

 

  7.3 The Pledgor promises to the Pledgee that in order to protect or perfect the security for the performance of the Pledgor and Gamease’s obligation under Main Agreement, the Pledgor shall execute in good faith and cause other parties who have interests in the pledge to execute all the title certificates, contracts, and perform actions and cause other parties who have interests to take action, as required by the Pledgee; and make access to exercise the rights and authorization vested in the Pledgee under this Agreement.

 

  7.4 The Pledgor promises to the Pledgee that they will execute all amendment documents (if applicable and necessary) in connection to the certificate of Equity Interest with the Pledgee or its designated person (natural person or a legal entity), and provide the notice, order and decision to the Pledgee which considers to be necessary within reasonable time.

 

  7.5 The Pledgor promises to the Pledgee that they will comply with and perform all the guarantees, warranties, covenants, representations and conditions for the benefits of the Pledgee. The Pledgor shall compensate all the losses suffered by the Pledgee for the reasons that the Pledgor do not perform or fully perform their guarantees, warranties, covenants, representations and conditions.


English Translation

 

8. Event of Default and Breach of Contract

 

  8.1 The following events shall be regarded as the events of default:

 

  (1) Pledgor or Gamease fails to perform the obligations under the Main Agreement;

 

  (2) The Pledgor makes any material misleading or mistaken representations, warranties or covenants under Article 5 and Article 6 herein; and the Pledgor breaches any other term and condition herein;

 

  (3) The Pledgor waives the Pledged Equity or transfers or assigns the Pledged Equity without prior written consent from the Pledgee;

 

  (4) The Pledgor’s any external loan, security, compensation, covenants or any other compensation liabilities (i) are required to be repaid or performed prior to the scheduled date due to breach; or (ii) are due but can not be repaid or performed as scheduled and thereby cause the Pledgee to believe that the Pledgor’s capacity to perform the obligations herein is affected;

 

  (5) Gamease is incapable of repaying the general debt or other debt;

 

  (6) This Agreement is illegal or the Pledgor is not capable of continuing to perform the obligations herein due to any reason except force majeure;

 

  (7) The property of the Pledgor is adversely changed causing the Pledgee to believe that the capability of the Pledgor to perform the obligations herein is affected;

 

  (8) The successors or agents of the Gamease are only able to perform a portion of or refuse to perform the payment obligation under the Main Agreement;

 

  (9) The breach of the other terms by action or nonfeasance under this Agreement by the Pledgor.

 

  (10) The Pledgor cannot perform its obligation under this Agreement since this Agreement is deemed as invalid or not executable due to any applicable laws; and

 

  (11) Any approval, permit or authorization, which causes this Agreement executable and valid, is revoked, termination, invalid or revised materially.


English Translation

 

  8.2 The Pledgor shall immediately give a written notice to the Pledgee if the Pledgor is aware of or find that any event under Article 8.1 herein or any event that may result in the foregoing events has happened or is going on.

 

  8.3 Unless the event of default under Article 8.1 herein has been solved to the Pledgee’s satisfaction, the Pledgee, at any time when the event of default happens or thereafter, may give a written notice of default to the Pledgor and require the Pledgor to immediately make full payment of the loan and the outstanding service fees under the Main Agreement and other payables or exercise the Pledge right in accordance with Article 9 herein.

 

9. Exercise of the Pledge

 

  9.1 The Pledgor shall not transfer or assign the Pledged Equity without prior written approval from the Pledgee prior to the completion of performing all the obligations under the Main Agreement.

 

  9.2 In case of occurrence of event of default indicated in Article 8, the Pledgee shall give a notice of default to the Pledgor when the Pledgee exercises the right of pledge; the Pledgee may exercise the right of pledge at any time when the Pledgee gives a notice of default in accordance with Article 8.3 or thereafter.

 

  9.3 The Pledgee is entitled to sale in accordance with legal procedure or disposes in other manners the Pledged Equity. If the Pledgee decides to exercise its pledge rights, the Pledgor promises to transfer all of its shareholder’s right to Pledgee. In addition, the Pledgee has the right to convert the value of all or party of equity interests pursuant to this Agreement into money in compliance with legal procedure, or has priority of compensation from the proceeds generated from auction or selling off full or part of the equity interests under this Agreement.

 

  9.4 The Pledgor shall not hinder the Pledgee from exercising the right of pledge in accordance with this Agreement and shall give necessary assistance so that the Pledgee could realize its Pledge.

 

10. Assignment

 

  10.1 The Pledgor shall not donate or transfer its rights and obligations herein without prior written consent from the Pledgee. If the Pledgor dies, the Pledgor agrees to transfer the rights and obligation under this Agreement to the person designated by the Pledgee.

 

  10.2 This Agreement shall be binding upon the Pledgor and his successors and be binding on the Pledgee and his each successor and allowed assignee.

 

  10.3

The Pledgee may transfer or assign his all or any rights and obligations under the Main Agreement to any individual designated by it (natural person or legal entity) at any time to the extent permissible by the laws. In this case, the assignee


English Translation

 

 

shall enjoy and undertake the same rights and obligations herein of the Pledgee as if the assignee is a party hereto. When the Pledgee transfers or assigns the rights and obligations under the Main Agreement, and such transfer shall only be subject to a written notice serviced to Pledgor, and at the request of the Pledgee, the Pledgor shall execute the relevant agreements and/or documents with respect to such transfer or assignment.

 

  10.4 After the Pledgee’s change resulting from the transfer or assignment, the new parties to the pledge shall execute a new pledge contract; and the content of new pledge contract shall accord with the content of this Agreement in all material aspects.

 

11. Effectiveness and Termination

 

  11.1 The agreement is concluded upon its execution and takes effect on the date hereof.

 

  11.2 To the extent practicable, the Parties shall make their best efforts to register the pledge at the administration for industry and commerce where Gamease is located; but the Parties confirm that the effectiveness and validity of this Agreement shall not be affected whatever the registration is done or not.

 

  11.3 This Agreement shall terminated once the Loan under the Loan Agreement and the Service Fee under the Service Agreement are paid off and the Pledgor will not undertake any obligations under the Loan Agreement and Gamease will not undertake any obligations under the Service Agreement any more, and the Pledgee shall cancel or terminate this Agreement within reasonable time as soon as practicable.

 

  11.4 The release of pledge shall record accordingly at the Shareholder’s List of Gamease, and complete the registration for removing the record at application administration for industry and commerce where Gamease is located.

 

12. Formalities Fees and Expenses

 

  12.1 The Pledgor shall be responsible for all the fees and actual expenses in relation to this Agreement including but not limited to legal fees, cost of production, stamp tax and any other taxes and charges. If the Pledgee pays the relevant taxes in accordance with laws, the Pledgor shall fully indemnify the Pledgee such taxes paid by the Pledgee.

 

  12.2 The Pledgor shall be responsible for all the fees (including but not limited to any taxes, formalities fees, management fees, litigation fees, attorney’s fees, and various insurance premiums in connection with disposition of Pledge) incurred by the Pledgor for the reason that the Pledgor fails to pay any payable taxes, fees or charges for other reasons which cause the Pledgee to recourse by any means or ways.


English Translation

 

13. Force Majeure

 

  13.1 Force Majeure, which includes but not limited to acts of governments, acts of nature, fire, explosion, typhoon, flood, earthquake, tide, lightning, war, refers to any unforeseen events beyond the party’s reasonable control and cannot be prevented with reasonable care. However, any shortage of credit, capital or finance shall not be regarded as an event beyond a Party’s reasonable control. The effected party by Force Majeure shall notify the other party of such event resulting in exemption promptly.

 

  13.2 In the event that the affected party is delayed in or prevented from performing its obligations under this Agreement by Force Majeure, only within the scope of such delay or prevention, the affected party will not be responsible for any damage by reason of such a failure or delay of performance. The affected party shall take appropriate means to minimize or remove the effects of Force Majeure and attempt to resume performance of the obligations delayed or prevented by the event of Force Majeure. After the event of Force Majeure is removed, both parties agree to resume the performance of this Agreement with their best efforts.

 

14. Confidentiality

The parties of this agreement acknowledge and make sure that all the oral and written materials exchanged relating to this contract are confidential. All the parties have to keep them confidential and can not disclose them to any other third party without other parties’ prior written approval, unless: (a) the public know and will know the materials (not because of the disclosure by any contractual party); (b) the disclosed materials are required by laws or stock exchange rules; or (c) materials relating to this transaction are disclosed to parties’ legal consultants or financial advisors, however, who have to keep them confidential as well. Disclosure of the confidential by employees or hired institutions of the parties is deemed as the act by the parties, therefore, subjecting them to liability. This Article remains in effect even if this Agreement should become valid, cancelled, terminated or unenforceable.

 

15. Governing Law and Dispute Resolution

 

  15.1 The execution, validity, interpretation of this Agreement and the disputes resolution under this Agreement shall be governed by PRC laws.

 

  15.2 The parties shall strive to settle any dispute arising from this Agreement through friendly consultation.

 

  15.3 In case no settlement can be reached through consultation within thirty (30) days after such dispute is raised, each party can submit such matter to Beijing Arbitration Commission in accordance with its then effective rules. The arbitration shall take place in Beijing. The arbitration award shall be final conclusive and binding upon both parties. If there is any dispute is in process of arbitration, other then the matters in dispute, the Parties shall perform the other rights and obligation pursuant to this Agreement.


English Translation

 

16. Notice

Notices or other communications required to be given by any party pursuant to this Agreement shall be made in writing and delivered personally or sent by registered mail or postage prepaid mail or by a recognized courier service or by facsimile transmission to the address of relevant each party or both parties set forth below or other address of the party or of the other addressees specified by such party from time to time. The date when the notice is deemed to be duly served shall be determined as the follows: (a) a notice delivered personally is deemed duly served upon the delivery; (b) a notice sent by mail is deemed duly served the seventh (7 th ) day after the date when the air registered mail with postage prepaid has been sent out (as is shown on the postmark), or the fourth (4 th ) day after the delivery date to the internationally recognized courier service agency; and (c) a notice sent by facsimile transmission is deemed duly served upon the receipt time as is shown on the transmission confirmation of relevant documents.

 

Pledgee:   Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.
Address:  

No. 1210, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-Tech

Zone, Shijingshan District, Beijing.

Postcode:   100041
Tel:  
Fax:  
Pledgor:  
Address:  
Postcode:  
Tel:  
Fax:  

 

17. Miscellaneous

 

  17.1 The headings contained in this Agreement are for the convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation, explanation or in any other way the meaning of the provisions of this Agreement.

 

  17.2 The parties confirm that this Agreement shall constitute the entire agreement of the parties upon its effectiveness with respect to the subject matters therein and supersedes and replaces all prior or contemporaneous verbal or/and written agreements and understandings.

 

  17.3 This Agreement shall be binding and benefit the successor of each Party and the transferee allowed by each Party.

 

  17.4 Any delay of performing the rights under the Agreement by either Party shall not be deemed the waiver of such rights and would not affect the future performance of such rights.

 

  17.5

If any provision of this Agreement is judged as void, invalid or non-enforceable according to relevant laws, the provision


English Translation

 

 

shall be deemed invalid only within the applicable area of the PRC Laws, and the validity, legality and enforceability of the other provisions hereof shall not be affected or impaired in any way. The Parties shall cease performing such void, invalid or non-enforceable provisions and replace those are void, invalid or non-enforceable provisions with valid provisions to the extent which such provisions could be valid, effective and enforceable.

 

  17.6 Any matters excluded in this Agreement shall be negotiated by the Parties. Any amendment and supplement of this Agreement shall be made by the Parties in writing. The amendment and supplement duly executed by each Party shall be deemed as a part of this Agreement and shall have the same legal effect as this Agreement.

 

  17.7 This Agreement is executed with four (4) original copies and each original copy has the same legal effect; Each Party holds one (1) original copies and others are for pledge registration at relevant authorities.

IN WITNESS THEREFORE , the parties hereof have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized representatives as of the date first written above.

[No text below]


English Translation

 

[Signature Page]

 

Pledgee: Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

Signature:                     

Legal/Authorized Representative:                     

Position:

Pledgor

Signature:                     

Exhibit 10.11

English Translation

Form of Power of Attorney

I,                     , citizen of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) with ID No. of                                         , is the shareholder of Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gamease”) holding 60% equity interest of Gamesase, hereby irrevocably appoint                      with the following powers and rights during the term of this Power of Attorney:

I hereby appoint                      to exercise, on my behalf, all shareholder’s rights corresponding to the [60%][40%] equity interests of Gamease in accordance with PRC laws and Gamease’s Articles of Association at the shareholders’ meetings of Gamease, including but not limited to the right to call the shareholder’s meeting, accept the notice regarding the shareholder’s meeting and its agenda, participate in the shareholder’s meeting and exercise the voting right (including elect, designate or appoint the director, general manager, financial controller or other senior management personnel, the matters of distribution of dividend), to sell or transfer any or all of equity interests of Gamease.

Such authorization and appointment are based upon the precondition that                      is acting as an employee of Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd. (“AmazGame”) and AmazGame agrees in written such authorization and appointment. Once                      loses his title or position in AmazGame or AmazGame notifies of the termination of such authorization and appointment, I shall withdraw such authorization and appointment to him immediately and designate/authorize the other individual nominated by AmazGame to exercise the full aforesaid rights on behalf of myself at the shareholders’ meetings of Gamease. If I die, I agree to transfer the right and obligation pursuant to this Power of Attorney to the person designated by AmazGame.

The initial term of this Power of Attorney is ten (10) years upon the execution date of this Power of Attorney during the duly existing term of Gamease unless the early termination of Operation Agreement jointly executed by AmazGame and Gamease by any reason. If the term expires, upon the request by AmazGame, I will extend the term of this Power of Attorney. Within the term of this Power of Attorney, this Power of Attorney shall not be revised or terminated without the consent of AmazGame.

                                          (Signature)

                     , 2008

Exhibit 10.12

English Translation

BUSINESS OPERATION AGREEMENT

This Business Operation Agreement (hereinafter referred to as “this Agreement”) is entered into among the following parties in Beijing, People’s Republic of China (“China” or “PRC”) as of August 20, 2008:

 

Party A:   Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd. , with the registered address of No. 1210, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-Tech Zone, Shijingshan District, Beijing; and the legal representative of Tao Wang;
Party B:   Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. , with the registered address of No. 1197, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-Tech Zone, Shijingshan District, Beijing; and the legal representative of Tao WANG;
Party C:   Tao WANG , with the address of East Tower, Jingyan Hotel, No. 20 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing; and ID number of 352101750430081
Party D:   Yaobin WANG , with the address of Room 102, Unit 2, Building 21, Block 2, Yutao Yuan, Xicheng District, Beijing; and ID number of 340104197111211531.

WHEREAS:

 

1. Party A is a wholly foreign-owned enterprise duly incorporated and validly existing under the PRC law, which has the technology expertise and the practical experience on the development and design of computer software, and rich experience and professional technicians on information technology and services;

 

2. Party B is a limited liability company duly incorporated and validly existing under the PRC law, which is approved by Beijing Communication Administration to carry on the value-added communication business including Internet information services;

 

3. Party C and Party D are PRC citizen and the shareholders of Party B, in which Party C owns 60% and Party D owns 40% equity interests of Party B;

 

4. Party A has established a business relationship with Party B by entering into an Operating Maintenance Service Agreement, Technology Development and Technology Application Service Agreement (collectively, “Services Agreement”) and etc.; Party B, pursuant to such agreements, is liable to pay a certain amount of money to Party B. Therefore, both parties are aware that the daily operation of Party B will have a material effect on its capacity to pay such payable account to Party A;


English Translation

 

5. The parties hereby agree to further clarify, through this Agreement, the matters in connection with Party B’s operation pursuant to provisions herein.

NOW, THEREFORE , through friendly negotiations and abiding by the principle of equality and mutual benefit, the Parties hereby agree as follows:

 

1. To assure the performance of the various operation agreements between Party A and Party B and the payment of the payables accounts by Party B to Party A, Party B together with its shareholders Party C and Party D hereby jointly agree that Party B shall not conduct any transaction which may materially affects its assets, obligations, rights or the company’s operation (excluding the business contracts, agreements, sell or purchase assets during Party B’s regular operation and the lien obtained by relevant counter parties due to such transactions) unless the obtainment of a prior written consent from Party A, including but not limited to the following contents:

 

  1.1 to borrow money from any third party or assume any debt;

 

  1.2 to sell to or acquire from any third party any asset or right, including but not limited to any intellectual property right;

 

  1.3 to provide real guarantee for any third party with its assets or intellectual property rights;

 

  1.4 to assign to any third party its business agreements.

 

2. Party C and Party D, as Party B’s shareholders, further covenant that

 

  2.1 not sell, transfer, pledge, dispose in any other manners of their equity interests of Party B or other interests, or not allow to create other security interests on it without Party A’s prior written consent, except for Party A and/or its designated person;

 

  2.2 not to approve the shareholders’ resolution which may result in the Party B’s merger or combination with, buy or investment in, be purchased (other than Party A or its designated person) any other person without Party A’s prior written consent;

 

  2.3 not do anything that may materially affect the assets, business and liabilities of Party B without Party A’s prior written consent; not, upon the execution of this Agreement, to sale, transfer, mortgage or dispose, in any other form, any asset, legitimate or beneficial interest of business or income of Party B, or to approve any other security interest set on it without prior written consent by Party A;

 

  2.4 not to request Party B or approved at shareholder’s meeting to distribute dividends or profits to shareholders without Party A’s prior written consent;


English Translation

 

  2.5 not to supplement, amend or modify its articles of association, or to increase or decrease its registered capital, or to change the capital structure of Party B in any way without Party A’s prior written consent; and

 

  2.6 agree to execute the Power of Attorney attached hereto as requested by Party A upon the execution of this Agreement and within the term of this Agreement.

 

3. In order to ensure the performance of the various operation agreements between Party A and Party B and the payment of the various payables by Party B to Party A, Party B together with its shareholders Party C and Party D hereby jointly agree to accept, from time to time, the corporate policy advise and guidance provided by Party A in connection with the employment and dismissal of the company’s employees, company’s daily operating, financial management and so on.

 

4. Party B together with its shareholders Party C and Party D hereby jointly agree that Party C and Party D shall appoint the person recommended by Party A as the directors of Party B, and Party B shall appoint Party A’s senior managers as Party B’s General Manager, Chief Financial Officer, and other senior officers. If any of the above senior officers leaves or is dismissed by Party A, he or she will lose the qualification to take any position in Party B and Party B shall appoint other senior officers of Party A recommended by Party A to assume such position. In this circumstance, the person recommended by Party A should comply with the stipulation on the statutory qualifications of directors, General Manager, chief financial controller, and other senior officers pursuant to applicable law.

 

5. Party B together with its shareholders Party C and Party D hereby jointly agree and confirm that Party B shall seek the guarantee from Party A first if it needs any guarantee for its performance of any contract or loan of flow capital in the course of operation. In such case, Party A shall have the right but not the obligation to provide the appropriate guarantee to Party B on its own discretion. If Party A decides not to provide such guarantee, Party A shall issue a written notice to Party B in a timely manner and Party B shall seek a guarantee from other third party.

 

6. In the event that any of the agreements between Party A and Party B terminates or expires, Party A shall have the right but not the obligation to terminate all agreements between Party A and Party B including but not limited to the Services Agreement .

 

7. Any amendment and supplement of this Agreement shall be made in writing. The amendment and supplement duly executed by all parties shall be deemed as a part of this Agreement and shall have the same legal effect as this Agreement.

 

8. If any clause hereof is judged as invalid or non-enforceable according to relevant laws, such clause shall be deemed invalid only within the applicable area of the laws without affecting other clauses hereof in any way.

 

9.

Party B shall not assign its rights and obligations under this Agreement to any third party without the prior written consent of


English Translation

 

 

Party A; Party B hereby agrees that Party A may assign its rights and obligations under this Agreement as it needs and such transfer shall only be subject to a written notice sent to Party B by Party A, and no any further consent from Party B will be required.

 

10. All parties acknowledge and confirm that any oral or written materials communicated pursuant to this Agreement are confidential documents. All parties shall keep secret of all such documents and not disclose any such documents to any third party without prior written consent from other parties unless under the following conditions: (a) such documents are known or shall be known by the public (excluding the receiving party discloses such documents to the public without authorization); (b) any documents required to be disclosed in accordance with applicable laws or rules or regulations of stock exchange; or (c) if any documents required to be disclosed by any party to its legal counsel or financial consultant for the purpose of the transaction of this Agreement by any party, such legal counsel or financial consultant shall also comply with the confidentiality as stated hereof. Any disclosure by employees or agencies employed by any party shall be deemed the disclosure of such party and such party shall assume the liabilities for its breach of contract pursuant to this Agreement. This Article shall survive whatever this Agreement is void, amended, cancelled, terminated or unable to perform.

 

11. This conclusion, validity, performance and interpretation of Agreement shall be governed by the PRC law.

 

12. The parties hereto shall strive to settle any dispute arising from the interpretation or performance of this Agreement through friendly consultation. In case no settlement can be reached through consultation within thirty (30) days after such dispute is raised, each party can submit such matter to Beijing Arbitration Commission in accordance with its then effective rules. The arbitration shall take place in Beijing. The arbitration award shall be final conclusive and binding upon both parties. If there is any dispute is in process of arbitration, other than the matters in dispute, the Parties shall perform the other rights and obligation pursuant to this Agreement.

 

13. This Agreement shall be executed by a duly authorized representative of each party as of the date first written above and become effective simultaneously.

 

14. Notwithstanding Article 13 hereof, the parties confirm that this Agreement shall constitute the entire agreement of the parties with respect to the subject matters therein and supersedes and replaces all prior or contemporaneous verbal and written agreements and understandings.

 

15. The term of this agreement is ten (10) years unless early termination occurs in accordance with relevant provisions herein or in any other relevant agreements reached by all parties. This Agreement may be extended only upon Party A’s written confirmation prior to the expiration of this Agreement and the extended term shall be determined by Party A. During the aforesaid term, if Party A or Party B is terminated at expiration of the operation term (including any extension of such term) or by any other reason, this Agreement shall be terminated upon such termination of such party, unless such party has already assigned its rights and obligations in accordance with Article 9 hereof.


English Translation

 

16. The Parties agree and confirm the meaning of “Party A’s (written) notice” pursuant to this Agreement means the consent shall be approved by the board of Party A, but if such consent only approved by Party C, such consent shall not be deemed as satisfied with the obtaining of written notice from Party A.

 

17. This Agreement shall be terminated on the expiring date unless it is renewed in accordance with the relevant provision herein. During the valid term of this Agreement, Party B shall not terminate this Agreement. Notwithstanding the above stipulation, Party A shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time by issuing a thirty (30) days prior written notice to Party B.

 

18. The original of this Agreement is in four (4) copies, each party holds one and all original are equally valid.

IN WITNESS THEREOF each party hereto have caused this Agreement duly executed by itself or a duly authorized representative on its behalf as of the date first written above.

[No text below]


English Translation

 

[Signature Page]

 

Party A: Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

(seal)

Authorized Representative: /s/ Tao Wang

Name:

Position:

Party B: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

(seal)

Authorized Representative: /s/ Tao Wang

Name:

Position:

Party C: Tao WANG

Signature: /s/ Tao Wang

Party D: Yaobin WANG

Signature: /s/ Yaobin Wang


English Translation

 

Appendix: Power of Attorney

Power of Attorney

I, Tao WANG, citizen of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) with ID No. of 352101750430081, is the shareholder of Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gamease”) holding 60% equity interest of Gamesase, hereby irrevocably appoint                      with the following powers and rights during the term of this Power of Attorney:

I hereby appoint                      to exercise, on my behalf, all shareholder’s rights corresponding to the 60% equity interests of Gamease in accordance with PRC laws and Gamease’s Articles of Association at the shareholders’ meetings of Gamease, including but not limited to the right to call the shareholder’s meeting, accept the notice regarding the shareholder’s meeting and its agenda, participate in the shareholder’s meeting and exercise the voting right (including elect, designate or appoint the director, general manager, financial controller or other senior management personnel, the matters of distribution of dividend), to sell or transfer any or all of equity interests of Gamease.

Such authorization and appointment are based upon the precondition that                      is acting as an employee of Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd. (“AmazGame”) and AmazGame agrees in written such authorization and appointment. Once                      loses his title or position in AmazGame or AmazGame notifies of the termination of such authorization and appointment, I shall withdraw such authorization and appointment to him immediately and designate/authorize the other individual nominated by AmazGame to exercise the full aforesaid rights on behalf of myself at the shareholders’ meetings of Gamease. If I die, I agree to transfer the right and obligation pursuant to this Power of Attorney to the person designated by AmazGame.

The initial term of this Power of Attorney is ten (10) years upon the execution date of this Power of Attorney during the duly existing term of Gamease unless the early termination of Operation Agreement jointly executed by AmazGame and Gamease by any reason. If the term expires, upon the request by AmazGame, I will extend the term of this Power of Attorney. Within the term of this Power of Attorney, this Power of Attorney shall not be revised or terminated without the consent of AmazGame.

 

                                          (Signature)
Tao WANG
                     , 2008


English Translation

 

Power of Attorney

I, Yaobin WANG, citizen of the People’s Republic of China (the “PRC”) with ID No. of 340104197111211531, is the shareholder of Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (“Gamease”) holding 40% equity interest of Gamease, hereby irrevocably appoint                      with the following powers and rights during the term of this Power of Attorney:

I hereby appoint                      to exercise, on my behalf, all shareholder’s rights corresponding to the 40% equity interests of Gamease in accordance with PRC laws and Gamease’s Articles of Association at the shareholders’ meetings of Gamease, including but not limited to the right to call the shareholder’s meeting, accept the notice regarding the shareholder’s meeting and its agenda, participate in the shareholder’s meeting and exercise the voting right (including elect, designate or appoint the director, general manager, financial controller or other senior management personnel, the matters of distribution of dividend), to sell or transfer any or all of equity interests of Gamease.

Such authorization and appointment are based upon the precondition that                      is acting as an employee of Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd. (“AmazGame”) and AmazGame agrees in written such authorization and appointment. Once                      loses his title or position in AmazGame or AmazGame notifies of the termination of such authorization and appointment, I shall withdraw such authorization and appointment to him immediately and designate/authorize the other individual nominated by AmazGame to exercise the full aforesaid rights on behalf of myself at the shareholders’ meetings of Gamease. If I die, I agree to transfer the right and obligation pursuant to this Power of Attorney to the person designated by AmazGame.

The initial term of this Power of Attorney is ten (10) years upon the execution date of this Power of Attorney during the duly existing term of Gamease unless the early termination of Operation Agreement jointly executed by AmazGame and Gamease by any reason. If the term expires, upon the request by AmazGame, I will extend the term of this Power of Attorney. Within the term of this Power of Attorney, this Power of Attorney shall not be revised or terminated without the consent of AmazGame.

 

                                          (Signature)
Yaobin WANG
                     , 2008

Exhibit 10.13

English Translation

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

(as Service Receiver)

and

Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

(as Service Provider)

Service and Maintenance Agreement

Date as of December 1, 2007


English Translation

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

1.    Definition    1
2.    Exclusive Commission    2
3.    Scope of Integrated Service    2
4.    Authorization    3
5.    Payment and Settlement of Integrated Service Fee    3
6.    Party A’s Promises    5
7.    Party B’s Promises    5
8.    Tax    6
9.    Representations and Warrants    6
10.    Indemnification and Limitation of Liability    6
11.    Breach of Contract    7
12.    Force Majeure    7
13.    Termination    8
14.    Governing Law and Dispute Resolution    8
15.    Notice    9
16.    Miscellaneous    9


English Translation

 

Service and Maintenance Agreement

This Service and Maintenance Agreement (“Agreement”) is entered into by and between following two parties as of November 30, 2007:

 

(1) Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., with its registered address of Room 1197, No.3 Xijing Road, Badachu Hi-Tech Park, Shijingshan District, Beijing and its legal representative of Wang Tao (“Party A”); and

 

(2) Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd., with its registered address of Room 1210, No.3 Xijing Road, Badachu Hi-Tech Park, Shijingshan District, Beijing and its legal representative of Wang Tao (“Party B”).

WHEREAS:

 

1. Party A is an online game operator in mainland China.

 

2. Party B has experience and human resources in respect of research and development of online game technology, marketing and day to daily operation and maintenance of online game facilities and system.

 

3. Party A intends to retain Party B to provide operation and maintenance services related to online game, and Party B agrees to provide Party A such relevant services.

NOW, THEREFORE , after friendly consultations between two parties, it is hereby agreed as follows:

 

1. Definition

Unless otherwise provided herein, the following terms as used in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth below:

 

  1.1 “Online Game” refers to Internet online games operated by Party A during the cooperation term, including but not limited to Tian Long Ba Bu (“TLBB”) and Blade Online (“BO”).

 

  1.2 “Online Game Facilities and System” refers to hardware facilities and software systems purchased by Party A or Party B related to online game business, including but not limited to servers, computers and application software.

 

  1.3 “Market Promotion” refers to market promotion services related to online game that are provided by Party B to Party A pursuant to this Agreement, and the purpose of these services is to raise brand recognition of Party B and its online games and expand the player base of Party B’s online games.


English Translation

 

  1.4 “Operation and Maintenance Service” refers to operation and maintenance services provided by Party B to Party A related to online game facilities and systems.

 

  1.5 “Integrated Service” refers to Market Promotion Service and Operation and Maintenance Service.

 

  1.6 “Integrated Service Fee”: refers to the fees and expenses payable by Party A to Party B under Article 5.1 herein for the provision of Integrated Service by Party A under Article 3.

 

  1.7 “Cooperation Term” refers to the term starting on December 1, 2007 and ending on the date that Party B ceases its operations or on such earlier termination date agreed upon in writing by both parties.

 

  1.8 “Prudent Industry Practice” refers to those practices in the operation, maintenance and management of online-game facilities and systems to meet requirements in terms of security, efficiency, cost-effectiveness and reliability and other requirements of manufacturers or developers, that are widely recognized and followed by enterprises in the same industry as Party B , which practices may be changed from time to time.

 

2. Exclusive Commission

Party A hereby appoints Party B as Party A’s exclusive and sole provider of Integrated Service; Party B accepts such retention by Party A and agrees to provide the Integrated Service in accordance with terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

3. Scope of Integrated Service

 

  3.1 During the Cooperation Term, Party B shall, in loyal and efficient manner, provide to Party A following Market Promotion Service:

 

  3.1.1 to design market promotion plans for Party A’s online game business subject to market practices;

 

  3.1.2 to implement market promotion plans contemplated by Section 3.1.1;

 

  3.1.3 to identify, communicate and negotiate with offshore operators for Party A’s online games;

 

  3.1.4 to coordinate and handle the matters of Party A’s online game business, which involve third parties.

 

  3.2 During the Cooperation Term, Party B shall, in loyal and efficient manner, provide to Party A following Operation and Maintenance Service:


English Translation

 

  3.2.1 to purchase required hardware facilities and software systems from appropriate suppliers in accordance with Party A’s online game development plan and construction plan;

 

  3.2.2 to be responsible for the daily operation and maintenance of online game facilities and system according to the Prudent Industry Practice and the operation procedures approved by both parties;

 

  3.2.3 to be responsible for the maintenance such as daily inspection, examination and repair, of online game facilities and system;

 

  3.2.4 to manage the coordination, communication and commercial negotiation with IDC service providers.

 

  3.3 Other services requested by Party A.

 

4. Authorization

 

  4.1 To ensure the efficient provision of the Integrated Service by Party B, Party A hereby irrevocably authorizes Party B (and its designated agent or an agent of such designated agent) as Party A’s agent to represent Party A on behalf of Party A or in other manner (at the agent’s discretion):

 

  4.1.1 to execute relevant documents or other documents with the third party (including supplier and customer);

 

  4.1.2 to handle any matters under this Agreement that Party A is liable to do, but have not done by Party; and

 

  4.1.3 to execute all necessary documents and do any and all necessary acts and things in order for Party B to fully exercise any or all of its power authorized pursuant to this Agreement.

 

  4.2 If necessary, Party A may issue a separate power of attorney to Party B regarding certain matters upon Party B’s request at any time.

 

  4.3 Party A shall confirm and ratify any and all actions taken or contemplated actions to be taken by Party B or any of its designated agents pursuant to this Agreement.

 

5. Payment and Settlement of Integrated Service Fee

 

  5.1 In consideration of Integrated Service provided by Party B to Party A, Party A shall pay Party B the Integrated Service Fee equal to the amount of the cost of each of following items plus 10% of such cost:

 

  5.1.1 The wages, salaries and welfare of following personnel of Party B who provide the services to Party A:


English Translation

 

  (a) operation management personnel of online game;

 

  (b) customer service stuff;

 

  (c) online game test personnel;

 

  (d) personnel for marketing and business development;

 

  5.1.2 The purchase price of any outsourcing software, servers, computers or other electronic equipments by Party B in order to provide services to Party A. the above expense shall be paid in depreciation method according to Chinese accounting principle and relevant regulations of tax law.

 

  5.1.3 The expense for renting the bandwidth and IDC escrow fee paid by Party B to the Internet access service provider for providing services to Party A. Party B shall not enter into the agreements with Internet access service provider to determine rent of bandwidth and IDC escrow fee without Party A’s prior approval.

 

  5.1.4 The rent of offices and decoration fee (including furniture) of offices paid by Party B for providing services to Party A. Both parties agree that rent of offices and decoration fee shall be determined as the product of (x) the proportion between the number of employee who provides services to Party A and the total number of Party B’s employee and (y) the total expenses of rent and decoration fee.

 

  5.1.5 The advertising fee and Market Promotion fee paid by Party B for promoting Party A’s products.

 

  5.1.6 Other reasonable expense regarding operation incurred by Party B’s stuffs providing service to Party A, including but not limited to the expense of travel, transportation, call, mail and so on.

 

  5.1.7 The expense incurred by Party B’s logistics supporting department, including wages, salaries and welfare of logistics stuffs and other reasonable fee regarding operation. The expense shall be calculated as 50% of its total actual expense incurred.

 

  5.2 Settlement

Party B shall submit the amount of above fees to Party A for Party A’s verification before the 20 th day of each month. If necessary, Party A may examine fees submitted by Party B by itself or registered accountant engaged by Party A, and Party B shall provide assistance.

 

  5.3 Payment

Party A shall pay Integrated Service Fee to the bank account designated by Party B within 30 days after the monthly settlement is verified.

 

  5.4 Deferred Payment


English Translation

 

If any of Party A’s payment under this Agreement is delayed, it shall pay penalty for deferred payment to Party B pursuant to this Agreement. The penalty shall be 0.4‰ per day and daily calculated from the payment date until the date which Party B receives all payment (including the penalty).

 

6. Party A’s Promises

Party A agrees and undertakes during the Cooperation Term:

 

  6.1 Party A shall, upon reasonable requests by Party B from time to time, allow Party B or the person designated by it to review and obtain the financial report, financial statement or other material with regard to Party A’s financial status, business and operation;

 

  6.2 Party A shall obtain all government approvals, permits and licenses related to the projects and other business operated at its own expense and keep them fully effective;

 

  6.3 If Party A acknowledges any event of default, it shall notify promptly Party B of any event of default, and provide Party A with the detailed information regarding any measures to remedy or alleviate the effect of such event and protect Party B’s interests;

 

  6.4 During the Cooperation Term, Party A shall comply with terms and conditions of this Agreement; and Party A shall not cause or permit the operation of online game business in any manner which violates the PRC laws or regulations;

 

  6.5 Party A shall pay up any due debt and damages, or cause the payment of these debt to be settled or paid;

 

  6.6 Party A shall pay in due course any registration fee, tax, fine, penalty or their interest payable in accordance with laws;

 

  6.7 Party A shall provide Party B with all agreements with respect to relative projects upon Party B’s reasonable requests from time to time, and keep relevant accurate, complete and latest records.

 

7. Party B’s Promises

Party B agrees and undertakes during the Cooperation Term:

 

  7.1 Party B shall obtain all government approvals, permits and licenses in order to provide Integrated Service and keep them fully effective;

 

  7.2 If Party B acknowledges any event of default, it shall notify promptly Party A of any event of default, and provide Party B with the detailed information regarding any measures to remedy or alleviate the effect of such event and protect Party A’s interests;


English Translation

 

  7.3 During the Cooperation Term, Party B shall comply with terms and conditions of this Agreement; and would not provide the Integrated Service in any manner which may violates PRC laws or regulations;

 

  7.4 Party B shall employ sufficient and qualified employees to perform duty of providing Integrated Service. Party B shall guarantee its employees will provide services to Party A in loyal and efficient manner;

 

  7.5 Party B shall constitute detailed management and Integrated Services procedure in accordance with the Prudent Industry Practice. Party B shall also establish, record and keep the data and files of outsourcing management and Integrated Services;

 

  7.6 Party B shall establish and keep accurate, complete and latest records of provision of Integrated Service.

 

8. Tax

 

  8.1 Both parties agree each party shall pay taxes incurred by performing this Agreement in accordance with PRC laws and regulations.

 

  8.2 Both parties shall pay respectively relevant expenses with respect to this Agreement.

 

9. Representations and Warrants

Each Party represents and warrants to other party upon the execution of this Agreement:

 

  9.1 This party has all power and authorization to execute this Agreement and perform the obligation hereunder;

 

  9.2 The provisions of this Agreement constitutes legal, valid and binding obligations to this party;

 

  9.3 The execution of this Agreement and performance of its duties hereunder will not violate or conflict with the terms, provision or condition of its articles of association, or cause the violation or default of above terms, provisions or conditions.

 

10. Indemnification and Limitation of Liability

 

  10.1 Indemnification

 

  10.1.1 Party B shall hold harmless and indemnify Party A against any and all losses, damages, expenses, liabilities, litigation, penalty, or any other relevant expenses, including but not limited to the legal fee or expense paid by Party A, arising from any breach of duty by Party B’s employee in purpose or due to material mistake.


English Translation

 

  10.1.2 Party A shall hold harmless and indemnify Party B against any and all losses, damages, expenses, liabilities, litigation, penalty, or any other relevant expenses, including but not limited to the legal fee or expense paid by Party A, arising from any breach of duty by Party A’s employee in purpose or due to material mistake.

 

  10.2 Limitation of Liability

 

  10.2.1 Notwithstanding the provision of Article 10.1.1, during each of contract terms, Party B’s liabilities for indemnification in accordance with Article 10.1.1 shall be capped to the actual Integrated Service Fee collected by Party B in the year the breach event is finished.

 

  10.2.2 Notwithstanding the provision of Article 10.1.1, during each of contract terms, Party A’s liabilities for indemnification in accordance with Article 10.1.1 shall be capped to the actual Integrated Service Fee collected by Party B in the year the breach event is finished.

 

11. Breach of Contract

 

  11.1 Both parties shall perform this Agreement in good faith. Unless otherwise provided herein, any party who breaches the contract shall bear the liabilities for breach of contract pursuant to this Agreement and applicable laws; if more than one party breaches the Agreement, each party shall be responsible for the liability incurred by its breach of contract respectively. Notwithstanding above provision, neither party shall be responsible to the other party for any indirect loss or damage pursuant to this Agreement.

 

  11.2 Both Parties agree and confirm, during the Cooperation Term, the request for compensation and actual performance are all remedies titled to the non-defaulting party; the non-defaulting party shall waive the right to terminate this Agreement due to the breach of contract by defaulting party in any circumstance during the Cooperation Term.

 

12. Force Majeure

Force majeure under this Agreement refers to the disasters, wars, politic events, changes of laws, regulations and state policies. If the force majeure influences directly the performance of this Agreement by either or both parties, this affected party shall promptly inform the other party and its authorized appointee the circumstance of event, and shall furnish the detailed information of force majeure or the reason or effective certificate for failing to perform fully or partially this Agreement (such certificate shall be issued by the local notary authority where the force majeure occurs) within 15 days. Both parties will consult


English Translation

 

with each other to determine the performance of this Agreement to the extent affected by the force majeure and further decide whether the failure to perform fully or partially this Agreement by the Party affected from the force majeure would be agreed.

 

13. Termination

 

  13.1 This Agreement may only be terminated under following circumstances:

 

  13.1.1 The terminate of this Agreement agreed by both parties;

 

  13.1.2 The expiration of Cooperation Term and no intention for extending the Cooperation Term by both parties; or

 

  13.1.3 Failure of performance of this Agreement due to force majeure.

 

  13.2 Rights and Obligations of Both Parties upon Termination

 

  13.2.1 If this Agreement is terminated in accordance to Article 13.1.1, rights and obligations of both parties shall be determined in accordance with termination agreement entered into by both parties;

 

  13.2.2 If this Agreement is terminated in accordance to Article 13.1.2, both parties shall settle promptly according to the annual settlement provision under this Agreement; or

 

  13.2.3 If this Agreement is terminated in accordance to Article 13.2.3, both parties shall promptly settle according to the annual settlement provision under this Agreement, either party shall not be liable to the other party as of the complete date of settlement and the liability for breach of contract before the occurrence of force majeure shall not be waived.

 

14. Governing Law and Dispute Resolution

 

  14.1 This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the PRC laws which has been promulgated and been available in public, but if the promulgated and available PRC laws have no stipulation for the relevant matters, it shall refer to the general international commercial practice.

 

  14.2 If any dispute arises out of or related to this Agreement, the Parties hereto shall firstly settle such dispute through friendly negotiations.

 

  14.3 Should the disputes fail to be settled through negotiations within 60 days after one party notifies the other party of dispute matters, each Party may submit such dispute to the Beijing Arbitration Commission for arbitration in Beijing according to its then applicable arbitration rules. The arbitration award shall be final and binding upon all the Parties.


English Translation

 

15. Notice

Unless otherwise specified, any notifications or correspondences sent by either Party to the other pursuant to this Agreement shall be in written and shall be sent by courier or via facsimile, and the correspondence by courier service shall be the authentic. If notification, communication or correspondence pursuant to this Agreement is sent by courier, 7 days after the date of dispatch shall be deemed to have been delivered; if by fax, upon the next day after being sent shall be deemed to have been delivered, and confirmation of transmission report. All the notifications or correspondences shall be delivered to the following address, until one party notifies the other in written for changing the address:

 

Party A:    Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
  

Address: East Tower, No. 29 Jingyan Hotel, No. 29 Shijingshan

Road, Shijiangshan District, Beijing

Post Code:100043

Party B:   

Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

  

Address: East Tower, No. 29 Jingyan Hotel, No. 29 Shijingshan

Road, Shijiangshan District, Beijing

Post Code:100043

 

16. Miscellaneous

 

  16.1 This Agreement shall become effective upon its execution. Any amendment, waiver, cancellation or termination made to any provision of this Agreement shall be in written, which shall take effect upon the execution by the Parties.

 

  16.2 Unless one party of this Agreement agrees, the other party shall not disclose, use or apply any form of information relating to any party and/or this Agreement, including but not limited to the execution and the content of this Agreement. After the termination of this Agreement, the obligations of confidentiality under this Clause shall still be valid. However, this Clause provides herein: (1) not apply to such material or information that one party discloses the confidential data to its affiliated companies, professional consultants and employees, but on this circumstance, one party shall only provide them to persons or entities that are necessary to know them due to reasonable business; (2) shall not prevent any party from issuing or disclosing them in accordance with applicable laws, regulations or the relevant rules of the securities exchange.

 

  16.3 This Agreement hereto constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties hereto with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes any prior intent, representation and understanding, and no modification or revision shall be made without the execution by the authorized representative of Parties in writing.

 

  16.4 To the extent permitted by PRC laws, each Party’s failure to exercise or delay in exercising any right under this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver thereof, and any single or partial exercise of any right shall not preclude the exercise of any other right.


English Translation

 

  16.5 All provisions of this Agreement are severable. If any provision of this Agreement is judged as invalid, illegal or non-enforceable, and the validity, legality and enforceability of any other provisions of this Agreement hereof shall not be affected or impaired in any way.

 

  16.6 The original copy is in 4 copies; each party holds 2 copies respectively.

 

  16.7 The appendix hereto constitutes an integral part of this Agreement and has the same legal effect with this Agreement.

(No Text Below)


English Translation

 

(Signature Page)

IN WITNESS THEREFORE , the Parties hereof have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date first written above in Beijing, China.

Party A: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.(SEAL)

Party B: Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.(SEAL)

Exhibit 10.14

Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been

redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC .

English Translation

Technology Support and Utilization Service Agreement

This Technology Development and Utilization Service Agreement (“Agreement”) is entered into between the following two parties as of August 20, 2008:

 

(1) Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., with registered address of Room 1197, No.3 Xijing Road, Badachu Hi-Tech Park, Shijingshan District, Beijing and legal representative Wang Tao (“Party A”); and

 

(2) Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd., with registered address of Room 1210, No.3 Xijing Road, Badachu Hi-Tech Park, Shijingshan District, Beijing and legal representative Wang Tao (“Party B”).

WHEREAS:

 

1. Party A is an online game operator established and approved of under the laws of the People’s Republic of China (“PRC” or “China”).

 

2. Party B is a wholly foreign owned enterprise incorporated under PRC laws and has extensive experience with online game’s technology development and technology utilization.

 

3. Since December 1, 2007, Party A has commissioned Party B to provide online game’s technology development and technology utilization services, and Party B has agreed to provide Party A such relevant services; the Parties intend to continue cooperation, and agree to establish a written agreement to formulate the rights and obligations of both Parties.

NOW, THEREFORE , through friendly negotiations, the parties agree to the following:

 

1. Definitions

Unless otherwise provided for, the following terms, as used in this Agreement shall have the meanings set forth below

 

  1.1 “Online Game” refers to Internet online games operated by Party A during the term of cooperation, including but not limited to Tian Long Ba Bu (“TLBB”) and Blade Online (“BO”).

 

  1.2 “Online Game Facilities and System” refers to hardware facilities and software systems purchased by Party A or Party B for use in its online game business, including but not limited to servers, computers and application software.

 

  1.3 “Technology Development” refers to the various technology development services necessary for online games provided by Party B to Party A under this Agreement, including production of data slice for online games operated by Party A.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been

redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

  1.4 “Technology Utilization” refers to the various technology utilization services necessary for online games provided by Party B to Party under this Agreement, including the development of various applications software for the game operation and management platforms operated by Party A.

 

  1.5 “Service Fee” refers to the fees payable by Party A to Party B under Clause 5.1 of this Agreement for the technology development and technology utilization services provided by Party B to Party A under Article 3 of this Agreement.

 

  1.6 “Cooperation Term” refers to the period from December 1, 2007 until Party B’s operations are terminated, or a written agreement by both parties for early termination.

 

  1.7 “Prudent Commercial Custom” refers to the recognized standards followed by enterprises whose business is the same as or similar to Party B’s regarding security, efficiency, economy, reliability and suggestion of related producers regarding the operation, maintenance and management of online game’s facilities and system (which may be revised from time to time).

 

2. Exclusive Commission

Party A hereby appoints Party B as the exclusive and sole provider of technology development and technology utilization services; Party B accepts the commission and agrees to provide technology development and technology utilization services in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.

 

3. Scope of Technology Development and Technology Utilization Services

 

  3.1 During the cooperation term, Party B shall, in a loyal and efficient manner, provide to Party A the following online game technology development services:

 

  3.1.1 Plan development for online games data slice and updates;

 

  3.1.2 Provide periodic update services for online games operated by Party A, including game patches;

 

  3.1.3 Provide development, testing and operation services of data slice for online games operated by Party A.

 

  3.2 During the Cooperation Term, Party B shall, in a loyal and efficient manner, provide to Party A the following online game technology utilization services:

 

  3.2.1 Party B shall, based on the online game operating needs of Party A, develop the operation and management platforms necessary for said online game, such as 3D Accelerator Engines;


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been

redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

  3.2.2 Party B shall ensure Party A purchase of, at its (Party A’s) discretion , any relevant software products owned by Party B related to online game operation and management;

 

  3.2.3 Party B shall ensure provision of development services and periodic updates to the online game operation and management platforms sold to Party A.

 

  3.3 Other Technology Development and Technology Utilization services as requested by Party A.

 

4. Authorization

 

  4.1 To ensure the efficient provision of Technology Development and Technology Utilization services by Party B, Party A irrevocably appoints Party B (and any of its appointees or sub-appointees) as its agent to represent, use the name of, or in any other manners, at the agent’s discretion act on behalf of Party A:

 

  4.1.1 execute relevant documents or any other documents with third parties (including supplier and customers);

 

  4.1.2 handle any matters under this Agreement that Party A is liable to do, but has not done; and

 

  4.1.3 execute all necessary documents and handle all necessary matters to facilitate Party B’s full exercise of any or all of the rights authorized under this Agreement.

 

  4.2 If necessary, Party A may, at any time, issue a separate power of attorney to Party B regarding a certain matter upon Party B’s request at any time.

 

  4.3 Party A shall remain seized on and confirm any matters handled or to be handled by any agent appointed pursuant to this Agreement.

 

5. Payment and Settlement of Service Fee

 

  5.1 In consideration for the Technology Development and Technology Utilization services provided to Party A by Party B, Party A shall pay Party B Service Fees totalling * of Party A’s revenue.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been

redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

The Parties agree that Party B reserves the right to adjust the Service Fee. If Party B decides to adjust the aforesaid fee, it shall notify Party A in writing. Party A shall pay the fee as adjusted for the following months settlement upon receiving the notice.

 

  5.2 Settlement

Party B shall submit any adjusted fees pursuant to the above provision to Party A for verification before the 20 th day of each month. If necessary, Party A may, by itself or through engaging a registered accountant, examine fees submitted by Party B, who shall provide assistance.

 

  5.3 Payment

Party A shall pay Service Fees to the bank account designated by Party B within 30 days after the monthly settlement is verified.

 

  5.4 Deferred Payment

If any of Party A’s payments under this Agreement are delayed, it shall pay penalties for deferred payment to Party B pursuant to this Agreement. The penalty shall be 0.04% per day for every day from the payment date until the date which Party B receives all payment (including the penalties).

 

6. Party A’s Promises

Party A agrees and promises that during the Cooperation Term:

 

  6.1 Party A shall, upon reasonable requests made by Party B from time to time, allow Party B or persons designated by it to obtain and review financial reports, financial statement or other material regarding Party A’s financial status, business and operation;

 

  6.2 Upon request from Party B, Party A shall provide the necessary materials and information required for the services provided by Party B under this Agreement and ensure such materials and information are true and accurate;

 

  6.3 Party A shall obtain all government approvals, permits and licenses related to their projects and other businesses at its own expense and maintain their full effectiveness;

 

  6.4 If Party A acknowledges any event of default, it shall promptly notify Party B of the event, and provide Party B with detailed information regarding any measures to remedy or alleviate the effect of such event and protect Party B’s interests;

 

  6.5 During the Cooperation Term, Party A shall comply with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, and shall not cause or permit the operation of its online game business in any manner which violates PRC laws or regulations;


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been

redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

  6.6 Party A shall pay and clear any due debt and damages, or facilitate the settlement of said debt;

 

  6.7 Party A shall pay on time any registration fees, taxes, fines, penalties or interests payable in accordance with the law;

 

  6.8 Party A shall, from time to time, provide Party B with all agreements on related projects upon Party B’s reasonable requests, and keep them accurate, complete and updated;

 

  6.9 Without the written consent of Party B, Party A shall not appoint any third party to provide the services hereunder.

 

  6.10 The Parties agree the meaning of “Party B’s (written) consent” hereunder means approval by the board of Party B.

 

7. Party B’s Promises

Party B agrees and undertakes during the Cooperation Term:

 

  7.1 Party B shall obtain all government approvals, permits and licenses in order to provide Technology Development and Technology Utilization services and keep them fully effective;

 

  7.2 If Party B acknowledges any event of default, it shall promptly notify Party A of said event and provide Party A with the detailed information regarding any measures to remedy or alleviate the effect of such event and protect Party A’s interests;

 

  7.3 During the Cooperation Term, Party B shall comply with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and will not provide Technology Development and Technology Utilization services in any manner which may violate PRC laws or regulations;

 

  7.4 Party B shall employ sufficient and qualified employees to perform its duties in providing Technology Development and Technology Utilization services. Party B shall guarantee its employees will provide services to Party A in a loyal and efficient manner;

 

  7.5 Party B shall constitute detailed procedure of Technology Development and Technology Utilization services in accordance with the Prudent Commercial Custom. Party B shall also establish, record and keep the data and files of outsourcing Technology Development and Technology Utilization services;

 

  7.6 Party B shall establish and keep accurate, complete and updated records of the Technology Development and Technology Utilization services it has provided.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been

redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

8. Tax and Expenses

 

  8.1 Both parties agree each party shall pay taxes incurred by performing this Agreement in accordance with PRC laws and regulations.

 

  8.2 Both parties shall pay their respective expenses relevant to this Agreement.

 

9. Representations and Warranties

Each Party represents and warrants to other party that, upon the execution of this Agreement:

 

  9.1 Said party has all power and authority to execute this Agreement and perform any obligations hereunder;

 

  9.2 The provisions of this Agreement constitute legal, valid and binding obligations on said party;

 

  9.3 The execution and performance of this Agreement and its duties hereunder do not violate or conflict with the terms, provision or condition of its articles of association, or cause the violation or default of above terms, provisions or conditions;

 

  9.4 Should any representation, warranty or promise made by one Party to the other Party be untrue or inaccurate, said Party shall notify the other Party and upon the reasonable request by the other Party take actions to remedy and disclose the circumstance to the other Party.

 

10. Indemnification and Limitation of Liability

 

  10.1 Indemnification

 

  10.1.1 Party B shall relieve liability of and indemnify Party A against any and all losses, damages, expenses, liabilities, litigation, penalties, or any other relevant expenses, including but not limited to the legal fees or expenses paid by Party A, arising from any breach of duty by Party B’s employees on purpose or due to a material mistake.

 

  10.1.2 Party A shall relieve liability of and indemnify Party B against any and all losses, damages, expenses, liabilities, litigation, penalty, or any other relevant expenses, including but not limited to the legal fee or expense paid by Party B, arising from any breach of duty by Party A’s employees on purpose or due to a material mistake.

 

  10.2 Limitation of Liability

 

  10.1.1 Notwithstanding the provision of Article 10.1.1, during each contract year, Party B’s liabilities for indemnification under Article 10.1.1 shall be capped at the actual Service Fees collected from Party B in the year the breach event is ended.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been

redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

  10.1.2 Notwithstanding the provision of Article 10.1.2, during each contract year, Party A’s liabilities for indemnification under Article 10.1.2 shall be capped at the actual Service Fees collected from Party B in the year the breach event is ended.

 

11. Breach of Contract

 

  11.1 Both parties shall perform this Agreement in good faith. Unless otherwise provided herein, any party who breaches the contract shall bear any liabilities for breach of contract pursuant to this Agreement and any applicable laws; if more than one party breaches the Agreement, each party shall be responsible for the liability incurred due to their respective breach. Notwithstanding the above provision, neither party shall be responsible to the other party for any indirect loss or damage due to this Agreement.

 

  11.2 Both Parties agree and confirm that for breach occurring during the Cooperation Term, requiring compensation and performance are all remedies entitled to the non-defaulting party; the non-defaulting party shall waive the right to terminate this Agreement due to a breach of contract by defaulting party in any circumstance during the Cooperation Term.

 

12. Force Majeure

Force majeure under this Agreement refers to the disasters, wars, politic events, changes in laws, regulations and state policies. If the force majeure directly influences the performance of this Agreement by either or both parties, the affected party shall promptly inform the other party and its authorized appointee of the circumstance of the event, and shall furnish detailed information on the force majeure, and the reasons for failing to perform fully or partially this Agreement and as well as the effective certificate issued by the local notary authority where the force majeure occurs within 15 days. Both parties will consult with each other to determine the performance, to the extent affected by the force majeure, of this Agreement and further decide whether the failure to fully or partially perform this Agreement by the Party affected from the force majeure is acceptable.

 

13. Termination

 

  13.1 This Agreement may only be terminated under the following circumstances:

 

  13.1.1 The termination of this Agreement is agreed upon by both parties;

 

  13.1.2 The Cooperation Term expires and neither party intends to extend the Cooperation Term; or

 

  13.1.3 Failure to perform this Agreement due to force majeure.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been

redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

  13.2 Rights and Obligations of Both Parties upon Termination

 

  13.2.1 If this Agreement is terminated in accordance to Article 13.1.1, rights and obligations of both parties shall be determined by the termination agreement entered into by both parties;

 

  13.2.2 If this Agreement is terminated in accordance to Article 13.1.2, both parties shall settle promptly according to the annual settlement provision under this Agreement; or

 

  13.2.3 If this Agreement is terminated in accordance to Article 13.1.3, both parties shall promptly settle according to the annual settlement provision under this Agreement. Neither party shall be liable to the other party upon settlement of liability for breach of contract before the occurrence of force majeure is not waived.

 

14. Governing Law and Dispute Resolution

 

  14.1 This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the PRC laws which has been promulgated and is available to the public, but if the promulgated and available PRC laws have no stipulation for the relevant matters, general international commercial practice shall be the point of reference.

 

  14.2 Dispute arising out of or related to this Agreement shall be settled through friendly negotiations.

 

  14.3 Should negotiation fail to settle the dispute within 60 days after one party notifies the other party of the dispute, either Party may submit the dispute to the Beijing Arbitration Commission for arbitration in Beijing according to then applicable arbitration rules. The arbitration decision shall be final and binding upon all the Parties.

 

15. Notice

Unless otherwise specified, any notifications or correspondences sent by either Party to the other pursuant to this Agreement shall be written in Chinese and shall be sent by courier or via facsimile transmission, and shall be authenticated by courier service correspondence. Notifications, communications or correspondences pursuant to this Agreement sent by courier, shall be deemed delivered 7 days after the date of dispatch; facsimile transmission shall be deemed delivered upon the next day after being sent, and authenticated by a confirmation of transmission report. All the notifications or correspondences shall be delivered to the following address, until one party notifies the other writing about a change of address:

 

  Party A:  

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Address: East Tower, No. 29 Jingyan Hotel, No. 29 Shijingshan Road,

Shijiangshan District, Beijing

Postal Code:100043


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been

redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

  Party B:  

Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

Address: East Tower, No. 29 Jingyan Hotel, No. 29 Shijingshan Road,

Shijiangshan District, Beijing

Postal Code:100043

 

16. Miscellaneous

 

  16.1 This Agreement is formalized upon its execution and both Parties agree and confirm the terms and conditions of this Agreement took effect since December 1, 2007.

 

  16.2 Any amendment, waiver, cancellation, or termination of any provision of this Agreement shall be made in writing and becomes effective upon execution by both Parties.

 

  16.3 Without the written consent of the other Party to this Agreement, no party shall disclose, use or apply any information relating to any party and/or this Agreement, including but not limited to the execution and content of this Agreement. Obligations of confidentiality under this Clause are valid, after the termination of this Agreement. However, this Clause: (1) is inapplicable when such materials or information disclosed is to affiliated companies, professional consultants and its employees. Under this circumstance, disclosure is limited to persons or entities whose reasonable business necessitates such disclosure or knowledge; (2) shall not prevent any party from issuing or disclosing such information in accordance with applicable laws, regulations or relevant rules of a security exchange.

 

  16.4 This Agreement hereto constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes any prior intent, representation or understanding, and shall only be modified on revised with the written consent of authorized representatives of the Parties.

 

  16.5 To the extent permitted by PRC laws, either Party’s failure to exercise or delay in exercising of any right under this Agreement shall not be deemed as a waiver, and any single or partial exercise of any right shall not preclude the exercise of any other rights.

 

  16.6 All provisions of this Agreement are severable. If any provision of this Agreement is judged as invalid, illegal or non-enforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of the other provisions of this Agreement shall not be affected or impaired in any way.

 

  16.7 This Agreement is made with 4 original copies, with each party holding 2 copies respectively

 

  16.8 The appendix hereto constitutes an integral part of this Agreement and has the same legal effect as this Agreement.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been

redacted and have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

(Signature Page)

IN WITNESS THEREFORE , the Parties hereof have caused this Agreement to be executed as of the date first written above in Beijing, China.

Party A: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (SEAL)

Party B: Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd. (SEAL)

Exhibit 10.15

MASTER TRANSACTION AGREEMENT


MASTER TRANSACTION AGREEMENT

between

SOHU.COM INC.

and

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

January 1, 2009


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ARTICLE I DOCUMENTS AND ITEMS TO BE DELIVERED PRIOR TO F-1 FILING

   5

1.1

     Documents to be delivered by Sohu    5

1.2

     Documents to be delivered by Changyou, AmazGame and Gamease    5
ARTICLE II THE IPO AND ACTIONS PENDING THE IPO    5

2.1

     Transactions prior to the IPO    5

2.2

     Cooperation    6
ARTICLE III MMORPG BUSINESS TRANSFER, COVENANTS AND OTHER MATTERS    6

3.1

     Other Agreements    6

3.2

     Further Instruments    6

3.3

     Agreement for Exchange of Information    7

3.4

     Auditors and Audits; Financial Statements; Accounting Matters    9

3.5

     Confidentiality    13

3.6

     Privileged Matters    15

3.7

     Future Litigation and Other Proceedings    16

3.8

     Mail and other Communications    17

3.9

     Administrative Services Agreements    17

3.10

     Payment of Expenses    17
ARTICLE IV MUTUAL RELEASES; INDEMNIFICATION    18

4.1

     Release of Claims    18

4.2

     Indemnification by Changyou    18

4.3

     Indemnification by Sohu    19

4.4

     Ancillary Agreement Liabilities    20

4.5

     Procedures for Defense, Settlement and Indemnification of the Third Party Claims    21

4.6

     Additional Matters    22

4.7

     Survival of Indemnities    22
ARTICLE V Dispute resolution    22

5.1

     Dispute Resolution    22
ARTICLE VI MISCELLANEOUS    23

6.1

     Consent of Sohu    23

6.2

     Limitation of Liability    23

6.3

     Entire Agreement    23

6.4

     Governing Law and Jurisdiction    23

6.5

     Termination; Amendment    23

6.6

     Notices    24

6.7

     Counterparts    24

6.8

     Binding Effect; Assignment    24

6.9

     Severability    25

6.10

     Failure or Indulgence not Waiver; Remedies Cumulative    25

6.11

     Authority    25

6.12

     Interpretation    25

6.13

     Conflicting Agreements    25

6.14

     Third Party Beneficiaries    26
ARTICLE VII DEFINITIONS    26

7.1

     Defined Terms    26


MASTER TRANSACTION AGREEMENT

This Master Transaction Agreement is dated as of January 1, 2009, by and between Sohu.com Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Sohu”), and Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (“Changyou”) (each of Sohu and Changyou a “Party” and, together, the “Parties”).

Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in Article VII hereof.

RECITALS

WHEREAS, Sohu is the beneficial owner of a majority of the issued and outstanding Ordinary Shares of Changyou;

WHEREAS, the Parties have entered into, executed and delivered, and will enter into, execute and deliver as may be necessary or desirable, the MMORPG Business Transfer Agreements relating to the transfer of the Changyou Business from Sohu and its subsidiaries and variable interest entities (“VIEs”) to Changyou and its subsidiary Beijing AmazGame Internet Technology Co., Ltd., a company organized in the People’s Republic of China (“AmazGame”), and its VIE Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., a company organized in the People’s Republic of China (“Gamease”);

WHEREAS, Sohu has been engaged in the MMORPG business and, since December 1, 2007, has conducted such business through Changyou, as more fully described in a draft Registration Statement on Form F-1 submitted for non-public review and comment by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act (as so submitted and as amended from time to time prior to the Live Filing Date, the “Draft IPO Registration Statement”) to be filed publicly with the SEC via its EDGAR system (the date of such public filing, the “Live Filing Date”) following the satisfactory completion of such review and comment and as financial market conditions permit (as so filed, and as amended thereafter from time to time, the “IPO Registration Statement);

WHEREAS, the Parties currently contemplate that Changyou will make an initial public offering (“IPO”) pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement;

WHEREAS, the Parties intend in this Agreement, including the Exhibits and Schedules hereto, to set forth and memorialize the principal arrangements among Sohu and Changyou regarding the relationship of the Parties from and after the filing of the IPO Registration Statement and the consummation of the IPO; and


NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the terms, conditions, covenants and provisions of this Agreement and intending to be legally bound, Sohu and Changyou covenant and agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DOCUMENTS AND ITEMS TO BE DELIVERED PRIOR TO F-1 FILING

1.1 Documents to be delivered by Sohu . Sohu has delivered and its subsidiaries and VIEs have delivered, as appropriate, or Sohu will deliver, or will cause its subsidiaries and VIEs to deliver, as appropriate, prior to the Live Filing Date, to Changyou, AmazGame and/or Gamease, as appropriate: (a) a duly executed Marketing Services Agreement, substantially in the form attached to the Draft IPO Registration Statement as Exhibit 10.17, with such changes, if any, to such form as may be agreed to by the Parties prior to such execution (the “Marketing Services Agreement”); (b) a duly executed Non-Competition Agreement, substantially in the form attached to the Draft IPO Registration Statement as Exhibit 10.16, with such changes, if any, to such form as may be agreed to by the Parties prior to such execution (the “Non-Competition Agreement”); (c) the MMORPG Business Transfer Agreements, and (d) such other agreements, documents or instruments as the Parties may agree are necessary or desirable in order to achieve the purposes hereof. For purposes of this agreement, Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs will not be considered subsidiaries and VIEs of Sohu.

1.2 Documents to be delivered by Changyou, AmazGame and Gamease . Changyou, AmazGame, Gamease and their subsidiaries and VIEs have delivered, as appropriate, or Changyou, will deliver, or will cause AmazGame, Gamease, and any of Changyou’s or AmazGame’s or Gamease’s subsidiaries and VIEs to deliver, as appropriate, prior to the Live Filing Date, to Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs, as appropriate: (a) in each case where Changyou, AmazGame or Gamease is a party to any agreement or instrument referred to in Section 1.1, a duly executed counterpart of such agreement or instrument; and (b) such other agreements, documents or instruments as the Parties may agree are necessary or desirable in order to achieve the purposes hereof.

ARTICLE II

THE IPO AND ACTIONS PENDING THE IPO

2.1 Transactions prior to the IPO . Subject to the occurrence of the events described in this Article II, the Parties intend to consummate the IPO and to take, or cause to be taken, the actions specified in this Section 2.1.

(a) Registration Statement . Changyou has submitted or plans to submit for non-public review by the SEC the Draft IPO Registration Statement, and intends to submit such amendments or supplements thereto as may be requested by the SEC staff in connection with such non-public review and agreed to by Changyou, and subsequently to file with the SEC the IPO Registration Statement and make such amendments and supplements thereto as may be necessary or desirable in order to cause the same to comply with the Securities Act and other applicable law, to become and remain effective under the Securities Act, or as may be requested by the representatives of the underwriters for the IPO (the “Underwriters”), including, without limitation, filing such amendments or supplements to the IPO Registration Statement as may be required by the underwriting agreement to be entered into among Changyou and the Underwriters (the “Underwriting Agreement”) following the effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement under the Securities Act.


(b) Underwriting Agreement . Following the effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement, Changyou will enter into the Underwriting Agreement, which shall in form and substance be satisfactory Changyou, as determined by its board of directors or authorized designees, as appropriate, and Changyou shall comply with its obligations thereunder.

(c) Nasdaq Global Market Listing . Changyou plans to prepare, file and have approved an application for listing on the Nasdaq Global Market of the American depositary shares, representing Ordinary Shares, to be offered and sold in the IPO (the “ADSs”).

2.2 Cooperation . Sohu and Changyou shall each consult with, and cooperate in all respects with, the other in connection with the marketing, including any roadshow presentations, and pricing of the ADSs and shall take any and all actions as may be reasonably necessary or desirable to consummate the IPO as contemplated by the IPO Registration Statement and the Underwriting Agreement.

ARTICLE III

MMORPG BUSINESS TRANSFER,

COVENANTS AND OTHER MATTERS

3.1 Other Agreements . Each of the Parties agrees to execute or cause to be executed by the appropriate parties and deliver, as appropriate, such other agreements, instruments and other documents as may be necessary or desirable in order to effect the purposes of this Agreement and the Inter-Company Agreements.

3.2 Further Instruments . Sohu will execute and deliver, and will cause its subsidiaries and VIEs to execute and deliver, to Changyou, AmazGame and/or Gamease, as the case may be, such instruments of transfer, conveyance, assignment, substitution and confirmation, and will take such action as may be reasonably necessary or desirable in order to transfer, convey and assign to AmazGame and/or Gamease and confirm AmazGame’s and/or Gamease’s title to all assets, rights, interests and other things of value used in or necessary for the conduct and operation of the Changyou Business on or prior to the Live Filing Date or to be transferred or licensed to Changyou, AmazGame and/or Gamease pursuant to this Agreement, the MMORPG Business Transfer Agreements or any document referred to herein or therein, to put Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs in actual possession and operating control thereof and to permit Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs to exercise all rights with respect thereto (including, without limitation, rights under Contracts and other arrangements as to which the consent of any third party to the transfer thereof shall not have previously been obtained) relating to the Changyou Business; provided, however, that in the absence of such execution and delivery by Sohu and/or its subsidiaries and VIEs, such execution and delivery shall be deemed for all purposes to have occurred subject only to Changyou’s obligation to pay to Sohu or its applicable subsidiary or VIE an amount equal to the book value thereof to the extent not previously so paid.

(b) Sohu will execute and deliver, and will cause its subsidiaries and VIEs to execute and deliver, to Changyou, AmazGame and/or Gamease, as the case may be, all instruments, assumptions, novations, undertakings, substitutions or other documents and take such other action as may be reasonably necessary or desirable in order to have Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs, as the case may be, fully and unconditionally assume and discharge the Sohu Liabilities; provided, however, that in the absence of such execution and delivery by Sohu and/or any such other appropriate subsidiaries and VIEs, such execution and delivery shall be deemed for all purposes to have occurred.


(c) Changyou will, and will cause AmazGame, Gamease and any other appropriate subsidiaries and VIEs of Changyou to, execute and deliver to Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs all instruments, assumptions, novations, undertakings, substitutions or other documents and take such other action as may be reasonably necessary or desirable in order to have Changyou, AmazGame or Gamease, as the case may be, fully and unconditionally assume and discharge the Changyou Liabilities; provided, however, that in the absence of such execution and delivery by Changyou, AmazGame, Gamease and/or any such other appropriate subsidiaries and VIEs, such execution and delivery shall be deemed for all purposes to have occurred.

(d) Except as hereinabove provided or as set forth in the MMORPG Business Transfer Agreements, neither Sohu, Changyou, nor their respective subsidiaries and VIEs shall be obligated, in connection with the foregoing matters set forth in this Section, to expend money other than reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, attorneys’ fees and recording or similar fees, unless reimbursed by the other relevant Party. Furthermore, each Party, at the request of any other Parties hereto, shall execute and deliver such other instruments and do and perform such other acts and things as may be necessary or desirable for effecting completely the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

3.3 Agreement for Exchange of Information.

(a) Generally . Each of the Parties agrees to provide, or cause to be provided, to the other Parties, at any time, promptly after written request therefor, all reports and other Information regularly provided by one Party to any other Party prior to the Live Filing Date and any Information in the possession or under the control of such Party to the extent reasonably requested by the requesting Party (i) to comply with reporting, disclosure, filing or other requirements imposed on the requesting Party (including under applicable securities laws) by a Governmental Authority having jurisdiction over the requesting Party, (ii) for use in any other judicial, regulatory, administrative or other proceeding or in order to satisfy audit, accounting, claims, regulatory, litigation or other similar requirements, (iii) to comply with its obligations under this Agreement or any Inter-Company Agreement or (iv) at any time after the Live Filing Date to the extent such Information and cooperation are necessary to comply with such reporting, filing and disclosure obligations, for the preparation of financial statements or completing an audit, and as reasonably necessary to conduct the ongoing businesses of Sohu or Changyou, as the case may be. Each of the Parties agrees to make their respective personnel available to discuss the Information exchanged pursuant to this Section 3.3. In the event that any Party determines that any such provision of Information or other actions contemplated by this Section 3.3 could be commercially detrimental, violate any law or agreement, or waive any attorney-client privilege, the Parties shall take all reasonable measures to permit the compliance with such obligations in a manner that avoids any such harm or consequence

(b) Internal Accounting Controls; Financial Information . After the Live Filing Date, (i) each Party shall maintain in effect at its own cost and expense adequate systems and controls for its business to the extent necessary to enable each other Party to satisfy


its reporting, tax return, accounting, audit and other obligations, and (ii) each Party shall provide, or cause to be provided, to each other Party and its subsidiaries and VIEs in such form as such requesting Party shall request, at no charge to the requesting Party, all financial and other data and information as the requesting Party determines necessary or advisable in order to prepare its financial statements and reports or filings with any Governmental Authority.

(c) Ownership of Information . Any Information owned by a Party that is provided to a requesting Party pursuant to this Section 3.3 shall be deemed to remain the property of the providing Party. Unless specifically set forth herein, nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as granting or conferring rights of license or otherwise in any such Information.

(d) Record Retention . To facilitate the possible exchange of Information pursuant to this Section 3.3 and other provisions of this Agreement, each Party agrees to use its reasonable best efforts for a period of ten years to retain all Information in its respective possession or control substantially in accordance with its respective record retention policies and/or practices as in effect on the Live Filing Date, and for such longer period as may be required by any Governmental Authority, any litigation matter, any applicable law or any Inter-Company Agreement. However, at any time after such 10-year period each Party may amend its respective record retention policies at such Party’s discretion; provided, however, that the amending Party must give thirty (30) days prior written notice of such change in the policy to each other Party. No Party will destroy, or permit any of its Subsidiaries to destroy, any Information that exists on the Live Filing Date (other than Information that is permitted to be destroyed under the current respective record retention policies of each Party) and that falls under the categories listed in Section 3.3(a), without first notifying each other Parties of the proposed destruction and giving each other Party the opportunity to take possession or make copies of such Information prior to such destruction.

(e) Limitation of Liability . Each Party will use its reasonable best efforts to ensure that Information provided to the other Parties hereunder is accurate and complete; provided, however, no Party shall have any liability to any other Party if any Information exchanged or provided pursuant to this Section 3.3 is found to be inaccurate, in the absence of gross negligence, bad faith, or willful misconduct by the Party providing the Information. No Party shall have any liability to any other Parties if any Information is destroyed or lost after the relevant Party has complied with the provisions of Section 3.3(d).

(f) Other Agreements Providing For Exchange of Information . The rights and obligations granted under this Section 3.3 are subject to any specific limitations, qualifications or additional provisions on the sharing, exchange or confidential treatment of Information set forth in this Agreement and any Inter-Company Agreement.

(g) Production of Witnesses; Records; Cooperation . For a period of seven (7) years after the first date upon which members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least twenty percent (20%) of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, and except in the case of a legal or other proceeding by one Party against any other Party, each Party shall use its reasonable best efforts to make available to each other Parties, upon written request, the former, current and future directors, officers,


employees, other personnel and agents of such Party as witnesses and any books, records or other documents within its control or which it otherwise has the ability to make available, to the extent that any such individual (giving consideration to business demands of such directors, officers, employees, other personnel and agents) or books, records or other documents may reasonably be required in connection with any legal, administrative or other proceeding in which the requesting Party may from time to time be involved, regardless of whether such legal, administrative or other proceeding is a matter with respect to which indemnification may be sought hereunder. The requesting Party shall bear all costs and expenses in connection therewith.

3.4 Auditors and Audits; Financial Statements; Accounting Matters . Each Party agrees that:

(a) Selection of Auditors .

(i) Until the first Sohu fiscal year end occurring after the date that members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, Changyou shall use its reasonable best efforts to select the independent certified public accountants (“Changyou’s Auditors”) used by Sohu to serve as its independent certified public accountants (“Sohu’s Auditors” and, for the avoidance of doubt, should Sohu at any time change the accounting firm serving as its independent certified public accountants, “Sohu’s Auditors” shall thereafter mean the new firm serving as Sohu’s independent certified public accountants) for purposes of providing an opinion on its consolidated financial statements; provided, however, that Changyou’s Auditors may be different from Sohu’s Auditors if necessary to comply with applicable laws regarding auditor independence and qualifications (provided, however, that Changyou shall not take any actions, and shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause its directors, officers and employees not to take any actions, that could reasonably be expected to require Changyou to engage auditors other than Sohu’s Auditors). After the Live Filing Date, the foregoing shall not be construed so as to unlawfully limit any responsibility of the audit committee of Changyou’s board of directors, pursuant to SEC Rule 10A-3(b)(2) and rules of the Nasdaq Global Market, to appoint, compensate, retain and oversee the work of the registered public accounting firm Changyou engages.

(ii) Until the first Sohu fiscal year end occurring after the date that members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, Changyou shall provide to Sohu as much prior notice as reasonably practical of any change in Changyou’s Auditors for purposes of providing an opinion on its consolidated financial statements.

(b) Date of Auditors’ Opinion and Quarterly Reviews . Until the first Sohu fiscal year end occurring after members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, and thereafter to the extent necessary for the purpose of preparing financial statements or completing a financial statement audit, Changyou shall use its reasonable best efforts to enable Changyou’s Auditors to complete their audit such that they will date their opinion on such Party’s audited annual financial statements on the same date that Sohu’s Auditors date their opinion on Sohu’s


audited annual financial statements, and to enable Sohu to meet its timetable for the printing, filing and public dissemination of Sohu’s annual financial statements. Until the first Sohu fiscal year end occurring after members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, and thereafter to the extent necessary for the purpose of preparing financial statements or completing a financial statement audit, Changyou shall use its reasonable best efforts to enable Changyou’s Auditors to complete their annual audit and quarterly review procedures such that they will provide clearance on such Party’s annual and quarterly financial statements on the same date that Sohu’s Auditors provide clearance on Sohu’s annual and quarterly financial statements.

(c) Annual and Quarterly Financial Statements . Until the date that members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, Changyou shall not change its fiscal year and, until the first Sohu fiscal year end occurring after members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, and thereafter to the extent necessary for the purpose of preparing financial statements or completing a financial statement audit, shall provide to Sohu on a timely basis all Information that Sohu reasonably requires to meet its schedule for the preparation, printing, filing, and public dissemination of Sohu’s annual, quarterly and monthly financial statements. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Changyou will provide all required financial Information with respect to such Party to Changyou’s Auditors in a sufficient and reasonable time and in sufficient detail to permit Changyou’s Auditors to take all steps and perform all reviews necessary to provide sufficient assistance to Sohu’s Auditors with respect to financial Information to be included or contained in Sohu’s annual, quarterly and monthly financial statements. Similarly, Sohu shall provide to Changyou on a timely basis all financial Information that such Party reasonably requires to meet its schedule for the preparation, printing, filing, and public dissemination of such Party’s annual, quarterly and monthly financial statements. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, Sohu will provide all required financial Information with respect to Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs to Changyou’s Auditors in a sufficient and reasonable time and in sufficient detail to permit Changyou’s Auditors to take all steps and perform all reviews necessary to provide sufficient assistance to Changyou’s Auditors with respect to Information to be included or contained in Changyou’s annual and quarterly financial statements.

(d) Certifications and Attestations .

(i) Until the first Sohu fiscal year end occurring after members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, and thereafter to the extent necessary for the timely filing by Sohu of annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act or in connection with any investigations of prior periods, Changyou shall cause its principal executive officer and principal financial officer to provide to Sohu on a timely basis and as reasonably requested by Sohu (A) any certificates requested as support for the certifications and attestations required by Sections 302, 906 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to be filed with such annual and quarterly reports, (B) any certificates or other written Information which such principal executive officer or principal financial officer received as support for the certificates provided to Sohu and (C) a reasonable opportunity to discuss with such principal financial officer and other appropriate officers and employees of such Party any issues reasonably related to the foregoing.


(ii) The extent necessary for the timely filing by Changyou of annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act or in connection with any investigations of prior periods, Sohu shall cause its appropriate officers and employees to provide to Changyou on a timely basis and as reasonably requested by such Party (A) any certificates requested as support for the certifications and attestations required by Sections 302, 906 and 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 to be filed with such annual and quarterly reports, (B) any certificates or other Information which such appropriate officers and employees received as support for the certificates provided to such Party and (C) a reasonable opportunity to discuss with such appropriate officers and employees any issues reasonably related to the foregoing.

(e) Compliance With Laws, Policies and Regulations . Until members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, Changyou shall comply with all financial accounting and reporting rules, policies and directives of Sohu, to the extent such rules, policies and directives have been previously communicated to such Party, and fulfill all timing and reporting requirements, applicable to Sohu subsidiaries and VIEs that are consolidated with Sohu for financial statement purposes. Without limiting the foregoing, Changyou shall comply with all financial accounting and reporting rules and policies, and fulfill all timing and reporting requirements, under applicable federal securities laws and Nasdaq Global Market rules. Changyou shall not be deemed to be in breach of its obligations set forth in this provision to the extent that such Party is unable to comply with such obligations as a result of the actions or inactions of Sohu.

(f) Identity of Personnel Performing the Annual Audit and Quarterly Reviews . Until members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, and thereafter to the extent such information and cooperation is necessary for the preparation of financial statements or completing a financial statements audit, Changyou shall authorize Changyou’s Auditors to make available to Sohu’s Auditors both the personnel who performed or will perform the annual audits and quarterly reviews of such Party and work papers related to the annual audits and quarterly reviews of such Party, in all cases within a reasonable time prior to Changyou’s Auditors’ opinion date, so that Sohu’s Auditors are able to perform the procedures they consider necessary to take responsibility for the work of Changyou’s Auditors as it relates to Sohu’s Auditors’ report on Sohu’s financial statements, all within sufficient time to enable Sohu to meet its timetable for the printing, filing and public dissemination of Sohu’s annual and quarterly statements. Similarly, Sohu shall authorize Sohu’s Auditors to make available to Changyou’s Auditors both the personnel who performed or will perform the annual audits and quarterly reviews of Sohu and work papers related to the annual audits and quarterly reviews of Sohu, in all cases within a reasonable time prior to Sohu’s Auditors’ opinion date, so that Changyou’s Auditors are able to perform the procedures they consider necessary to take responsibility for the work of Sohu’s Auditors as it relates to Changyou’s Auditors’ report on such Party’s statements, all within sufficient time to enable such Party to meet its timetable for the printing, filing and public dissemination of such Party’s annual and quarterly financial statements.

 

11


(g) Access to Books and Records . Until members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, and thereafter to the extent such information and cooperation is necessary for the preparation of financial statements or completing a financial statements audit, all governmental audits are complete and the applicable statute of limitations for tax matters has expired, Changyou shall provide Sohu’s internal auditors, counsel and other designated representatives of Sohu access during normal business hours to (i) the premises of such Party and its subsidiaries and VIEs and all Information (and duplicating rights) within the knowledge, possession or control of such Party and its subsidiaries and VIEs and (ii) the officers and employees of such Party and its subsidiaries and VIEs, so that Sohu may conduct reasonable audits relating to the financial statements provided by such Party pursuant hereto as well as to the internal accounting controls and operations of such Party. Similarly, Sohu shall provide Changyou’s internal auditors, counsel and other designated representatives of Changyou access during normal business hours to (x) the premises of Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs and all Information (and duplicating rights with respect thereto) within the knowledge, possession or control of Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs and (y) the officers and employees of Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs, so that such Party may conduct reasonable audits relating to the financial statements provided by Sohu pursuant hereto as well as to the internal accounting controls and operations of Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs.

(h) Notice of Change in Accounting Principles . Until members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least a majority of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou, and thereafter if a change in accounting principles by a Sohu or Changyou would affect the historical financial statements of the other Party, no such Party shall make or adopt any significant changes in its accounting estimates or accounting principles from those in effect on the Live Filing Date without first consulting with each other Party, and if requested by any other Party, such Party’s independent public accountants with respect thereto. Sohu shall give Changyou as much prior notice as reasonably practical of any proposed determination of, or any significant changes in, its accounting estimates or accounting principles from those in effect on the Live Filing Date. Sohu will consult with Changyou and, if requested by such Party, Sohu will consult with such Party’s independent public accountants with respect thereto. Changyou shall give Sohu as much prior notice as reasonably practical of any proposed determination of, or any significant changes in, its accounting estimates or accounting principles from those in effect on the Live Filing Date. Changyou will consult with Sohu and, if requested by Sohu, such Party will consult with Sohu’s independent public accountants with respect thereto.

(i) Conflict With Third-Party Agreements . Nothing in Section 3.3 or this Section 3.4 shall require Changyou to violate any agreement with any third party regarding the confidentiality of confidential and proprietary information relating to that third party or its business; provided, however, that in the event that Changyou is required under Section 3.3 or this Section 3.4 to disclose any such Information, such Party shall use its reasonable best efforts to seek to obtain such third party’s consent to the disclosure of such information.


3.5 Confidentiality .

(a) Each of the Parties shall hold and shall cause each of their respective subsidiaries and VIEs to hold, and shall each cause their respective officers, employees, agents, consultants and advisors and those of their respective subsidiaries and VIEs to hold, in strict confidence and not to disclose or release without the prior written consent of the relevant other Party, any and all Confidential Information concerning such other Party and its respective subsidiaries and VIEs; provided, that each of the Parties may disclose, or may permit disclosure of, Confidential Information (i) to their respective subsidiaries and VIEs, auditors, attorneys, financial advisors, bankers and other appropriate consultants and advisors who have a need to know such information and, in each case, are informed of their obligation to hold such information confidential to the same extent as is applicable to the Parties hereto and in respect of whose failure to comply with such obligations, Changyou or Sohu, as the case may be, will be responsible, (ii) if the Parties or any of their respective subsidiaries or VIEs are compelled to disclose any such Confidential Information by judicial or administrative process or (iii) if the Parties reasonably determine in good faith that such disclosure is required by other requirements of law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that any demand or request for disclosure of Confidential Information is made in connection with any judicial or administrative process, or a Party determines in good faith that disclosure is otherwise required by law, such Party shall promptly notify the relevant other Parties of the existence of such request, demand, or conclusion, and shall provide such other Parties a reasonable opportunity to seek an appropriate protective order or other remedy, which the notifying Party will cooperate in obtaining. In the event that an appropriate protective order or other remedy is not obtained, the Party whose Confidential Information is required to be disclosed shall or shall cause the notifying Party to furnish, or cause to be furnished, only that portion of the Confidential Information that is required to be disclosed and shall use its reasonable best efforts to obtain reasonable assurances that confidential treatment will be accorded to such Information.

(b) As used in this Section 3.5:

(i) “Confidential Information” shall mean Confidential Business Information and Confidential Technical Information concerning one Party which, prior to, on or following the Live Filing Date, has been disclosed by Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs, or by Changyou or its subsidiaries or VIEs, that (1) is in written, recorded, graphical or other tangible form and is marked “Proprietary,” “Confidential” or “Trade Secret,” or where it is evident from the nature and content of such Information that the disclosing Party considers it to be confidential, (2) is in oral form and identified by the disclosing Party as “Proprietary”, “Confidential” or “Trade Secret” at the time of oral disclosure, including pursuant to the access provisions of Section 3.3 or Section 3.4 hereof or any other provision of this Agreement or where it is evident from the nature and content of such Information that the disclosing Party considers it to be confidential, or (3) in the case of such Information disclosed on or prior to the date hereof, either such Information is identified by the owning Party to the other relevant Party as Confidential Business Information or Confidential Technical Information, orally or in writing on or prior to the Live Filing Date, or it is evident from the nature and content of such Information that the disclosing Party considers it to be confidential, and includes any modifications or derivatives prepared by the receiving Party that contain or are based upon any Confidential Information


obtained from the disclosing Party, including any analysis, reports, or summaries of the Confidential Information. Confidential Information may also include information disclosed to a disclosing Party by third parties. Confidential Information shall not, however, include any information which (A) was publicly known and made generally available in the public domain prior to the time of disclosure by the disclosing Party; (B) becomes publicly known and made generally available after disclosure by the disclosing Party to the receiving Party through no action or inaction of the receiving Party; (C) is obtained by the receiving Party from a third party without a breach of such third party’s obligations of confidentiality; or (D) is on or after the Live Filing Date independently developed by the receiving Party without use of or reference to the disclosing Party’s Confidential Information.

(ii) “Confidential Technical Information” shall mean all proprietary scientific, engineering, mathematical or design information, data and material of the disclosing Party including, without limitation, (a) specifications, ideas, concepts, models, and strategies for products or services, (b) quality assurance policies, procedures and specifications, (c) source code and object code, (d) training materials and information, and (e) all other know-how, methodology, processes, procedures, techniques and trade secrets related to product or service design, development, manufacture, implementation, use, support and maintenance.

(iii) “Confidential Business Information” shall mean all proprietary information, data or material of the disclosing Party other than Confidential Technical Information, including, but not limited to (a) proprietary earnings reports and forecasts, (b) proprietary macro-economic reports and forecasts, (c) proprietary business plans, (d) proprietary general market evaluations and surveys, (e) proprietary financing and credit-related information, and (f) customer information.

(c) Nothing in this Agreement shall restrict (i) the disclosing Party from using, disclosing, or disseminating its own Confidential Information in any way, or (ii) reassignment of the receiving Party’s employees. Moreover, nothing in the Agreement supersedes any restriction imposed by third parties on their Confidential Information, and there is no obligation on the disclosing Party to conform third party agreements to the terms of this Agreement except as expressly set forth therein.

(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, (i) Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs and Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs shall be deemed to have satisfied their obligations hereunder with respect to Confidential Information if they exercise the same degree of care (but no less than a reasonable degree of care) as they take to preserve confidentiality for their own similar Information and (ii) confidentiality obligations provided for in any agreement between Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs, or Changyou or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs, and any employee of Sohu or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs or Changyou or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs shall remain in full force and effect.

(e) Confidential Information of Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs in the possession of and used by any other Party as of the Live Filing Date may continue to be used by such Person in possession of the Confidential Information in and only in the operation of the Sohu Business, in the case of Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs, or the Changyou Business, in the case of Changyou


and its subsidiaries and VIEs, and may be used only so long as the Confidential Information is maintained in confidence and not disclosed in violation of Section 3.5(a). Such continued right to use Confidential Information may not be transferred, including by merger, consolidation, reorganization, operation of law, or otherwise, to any third party unless such third party (A) purchases all or substantially all of the business or business line and assets in one transaction or in a series of related transactions for which or in which the relevant Confidential Information is used or employed and (B) expressly agrees in writing to be bound by the provisions of this Section 3.5. In the event that such right to use is transferred in accordance with the preceding sentence, the transferring Party shall not disclose the source of the relevant Confidential Information.

3.6 Privileged Matters .

(a) The Parties agree that their respective rights and obligations to maintain, preserve, assert or waive any or all privileges belonging to each such entity or their respective subsidiaries or VIEs including but not limited to the attorney-client and work product privileges (collectively, “Privileges”), shall be governed by the provisions of this Section 3.6. With respect to Privileged Information (as defined below) of Sohu, Sohu shall have sole authority in perpetuity to determine whether to assert or waive any or all Privileges, and Changyou shall take no action (nor permit any of its respective subsidiaries or VIEs to take action) without the prior written consent of Sohu that could result in any waiver of any Privilege that could be asserted by Sohu or any of its subsidiaries or VIES under applicable law and this Agreement. With respect to Privileged Information of Changyou, Changyou shall have sole authority in perpetuity to determine whether to assert or waive any or all Privileges, and Sohu shall take no action (nor permit any of its subsidiaries or VIEs to take action) without the prior written consent of Changyou that could result in any waiver of any Privilege that could be asserted by Changyou or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs under applicable law and this Agreement.

(b) The rights and obligations created by this Section 3.6 shall apply to all Information as to which the Parties or their respective subsidiaries or VIEs would be entitled to assert or has asserted a Privilege (“Privileged Information”). Privileged Information of Sohu includes but is not limited to (i) any and all Information regarding the business of Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs (other than Information regarding the Changyou Business), whether or not it is in the possession of Changyou or any of its subsidiaries and VIEs; (ii) all communications subject to a Privilege between counsel for Sohu (including in-house counsel) and any individual who, at the time of the communication, was an employee of Sohu, regardless of whether such employee is or becomes an employee of Changyou or any of its subsidiaries and VIEs and (iii) all Information generated, received or arising after the Live Filing Date that refers or relates to Privileged Information of Sohu generated, received or arising prior to the Live Filing Date. Privileged Information of Changyou includes but is not limited to (x) any and all Information regarding the Changyou Business, whether or not it is in the possession of Sohu or any of its subsidiaries and VIEs; (y) all communications subject to a Privilege occurring after the Live Filing Date between counsel for Changyou (including in-house counsel and former in-house counsel who are or were employees of Sohu) and any person who, at the time of the communication, was an employee of Changyou, regardless of whether such employee was, is or becomes an employee of Sohu or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs and (z) all Information generated, received or arising after the Live Filing Date that refers or relates to Privileged Information of Changyou generated, received or arising after the Live Filing Date.


(c) Upon receipt by Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs, or Changyou or its subsidiaries or VIEs, as the case may be, of any subpoena, discovery or other request from any third party that actually or arguably calls for the production or disclosure of Privileged Information of the other Party or its subsidiaries or VIEs, or if Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs, or Changyou or its subsidiaries and VIEs, as the case may be, obtains knowledge that any of its current or former employees has received any subpoena, discovery or other request from any third party that actually or arguably calls for the production or disclosure of Privileged Information of the other Party or its subsidiaries or VIEs, Sohu or Changyou, as the case may be, shall promptly notify that other Party of the existence of the request and shall provide that other Party a reasonable opportunity to review the Information and to assert any rights such other Party may have under this Section 3.6 or otherwise to prevent the production or disclosure of Privileged Information. Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs, or Changyou or its subsidiaries and VIEs, as the case may be, will not produce or disclose to any third party any of the other Party’s Privileged Information under this Section 3.6 unless (a) such other Party has provided its express written consent to such production or disclosure or (b) a court of competent jurisdiction has entered an order not subject to interlocutory appeal or review finding that the Information is not entitled to protection from disclosure under any applicable privilege, doctrine or rule.

(d) Sohu’s transfer of books and records pertaining to the Changyou Business and other Information pertaining to Changyou, if any, Sohu’s agreement to permit Changyou to obtain Information existing prior to the Live Filing Date, Changyou’s transfer of books and records and other Information pertaining to Sohu, if any, and Changyou’s agreement to permit Sohu to obtain Information existing prior to the Live Filing Date are made in reliance on Sohu’s and Changyou’s respective agreements, as set forth in Section 3.5 and this Section 3.6, to maintain the confidentiality of such Information and to take the steps provided herein for the preservation of all Privileges that may belong to or be asserted by Sohu, or Changyou, as the case may be. The access to Information, witnesses and individuals being granted pursuant to Section 3.3 and Section 3.4 and the disclosure to one Party of Privileged Information relating to the other Parties’ businesses pursuant to this Agreement shall not be asserted by Sohu or Changyou to constitute, or otherwise be deemed, a waiver of any Privilege that has been or may be asserted under this Section 3.6 or otherwise. Nothing in this Agreement shall operate to reduce, minimize or condition the rights granted to Sohu, or Changyou, or the obligations imposed upon Sohu, and Changyou, by this Section.

3.7 Future Litigation and Other Proceedings . In the event that Changyou (or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs or any of its or their respective officers or directors), or Sohu (or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs or any of its or their respective officers or directors) at any time after the date hereof initiates or becomes subject to any litigation or other proceedings before any Governmental Authority or arbitration panel with respect to which the Parties have no prior agreements (as to indemnification or otherwise), each Party (and its subsidiaries and VIEs and its and their respective officers and directors) that has not initiated and is not subject to such litigation or other proceedings shall comply, at the litigant Party’s expense, with any reasonable requests by the litigant Party for assistance in connection with such litigation or other proceedings (including by way of provision of information and making available of associates or employees as witnesses). In the event that Changyou (or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs or any of its or their respective officers or


directors), and Sohu (or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs or any of its or their respective officers or directors), or any combination thereof, at any time after the date hereof initiate or become subject to any litigation or other proceedings before any Governmental Authority or arbitration panel with respect to which the litigant Parties have no prior agreements (as to indemnification or otherwise), each litigant Party (and its officers and directors) shall, at their own expense, coordinate their strategies and actions with respect to such litigation or other proceedings to the extent such coordination would not be detrimental to their respective interests and shall comply, at the expense of the requesting Party, with any reasonable requests of such Party for assistance in connection therewith (including by way of provision of information and making available of employees as witnesses).

3.8 Mail and other Communications . Each of Sohu and Changyou may receive mail, facsimiles, packages and other communications properly belonging to the other. Accordingly, each Party authorizes each of the other Parties to receive and open all mail, telegrams, packages and other communications received by it and not unambiguously intended for any other Party or any of the other Parties’ officers or directors, and to retain the same to the extent that they relate to the business of the receiving Party or, to the extent that they do not relate to the business of the receiving Party, the receiving Party shall promptly deliver such mail, telegrams, packages or other communications, including, without limitation, notices of any liens or encumbrances on any asset transferred to Changyou or its subsidiaries or VIEs in connection with the separation from Sohu (or, in case the same relate to both businesses, copies thereof) to the other relevant Party as provided for in Section 6.6 hereof. The provisions of this Section are not intended to, and shall not, be deemed to constitute (a) an authorization by either Sohu or Changyou to permit the other to accept service of process on its behalf and no Party is or shall be deemed to be the agent of any other for service of process purposes or (b) a waiver of any Privilege with respect to Privileged Information contained in such mail, telegrams, packages or other communications.

3.9 Administrative Services Agreements . Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs and Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs may enter into interim administrative services agreements from time to time covering the provision of various interim services, if any, including financial, accounting, legal, and other services by Sohu (and its subsidiaries and VIEs) to Changyou (and its subsidiaries and VIEs) or, in certain circumstances, vice versa. Such services will generally be provided for a fee equal to the actual Direct Costs and Indirect Costs of providing such services plus an additional amount as agreed to by the Parties, subject to other consideration’s being agreed to by the Parties. “Direct Costs” shall include compensation and travel expenses attributable to employees, temporary workers, and contractors directly engaged in performing the services as well as materials and supplies consumed in performing the services. “Indirect Costs” shall include occupancy, IT supervision and other overhead burden of the department incurring the direct costs of providing the service. Payment for any such services will be due within fifteen (15) days after Sohu renders an invoice for such services.

3.10 Payment of Expenses . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the Inter-Company Agreements or any other agreement between or among any of the Parties relating to the IPO, (i) all costs and expenses of the Parties hereto in connection with the IPO (including costs associated with drafting this Agreement, the Inter-Company Agreements and the documents relating to the formation of Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs) shall be paid by Changyou and (ii) all costs and expenses of the Parties hereto


in connection with any matter not relating to the IPO shall be paid by the Party which incurs such cost or expense. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Changyou and Sohu shall each be responsible for their own internal fees, costs and expenses (e.g., salaries of personnel) incurred in connection with the IPO.

ARTICLE IV

MUTUAL RELEASES; INDEMNIFICATION

4.1 Release of Claims .

(a) Changyou Release . Except as provided in Section 4.1(c), Changyou, for itself and as agent for each of its subsidiaries and VIEs (including without limitation AmazGame and Gamease), effective as of December 1, 2007, does hereby assume, and does hereby remise, release and forever discharge the Sohu Indemnitees from, any and all Changyou Liabilities whatsoever, whether at law or in equity (including any right of contribution), whether arising under any contract or agreement, by operation of law or otherwise, existing or arising from any past acts or events occurring or failing to occur or alleged to have occurred or to have failed to occur or any conditions existing or alleged to have existed on or before the Live Filing Date, including in connection with the transactions and all other activities to implement the IPO.

(b) Sohu Release . Except as provided in Section 4.1(c), Sohu, for itself and as agent for each of its subsidiaries and VIEs, does hereby remise, release and forever discharge the Changyou Indemnitees from any and all Sohu Liabilities whatsoever, whether at law or in equity (including any right of contribution), whether arising under any contract or agreement, by operation of law or otherwise, existing or arising from any past acts or events occurring or failing to occur or alleged to have occurred or to have failed to occur or any conditions existing or alleged to have existed on or before the Live Filing Date, including in connection with the transactions and all other activities to implement the IPO.

(c) No Impairment . Nothing contained in Section 4.1(a) or Section 4.1(b) shall limit or otherwise affect any Party’s rights or obligations pursuant to or contemplated by this Agreement or any Inter-Company Agreement, in each case in accordance with its terms, including, without limitation, any obligations relating to indemnification, including indemnification pursuant to Section 4.2 and Section 4.3 of this Agreement.

4.2 Indemnification by Changyou . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Changyou shall, for itself and as agent for each of its subsidiaries and VIEs, indemnify, defend (or, where applicable, pay the defense costs for) and hold harmless the Sohu Indemnitees from and against, and shall reimburse the Sohu Indemnitees with respect to, any and all Losses that any third party seeks to impose upon the Sohu Indemnitees, or which are imposed upon the Sohu Indemnitees, and that relate to, arise or result from, whether prior to, on or following the Live Filing Date, any of the following items (without duplication):

(a) any Changyou Liability;

(b) any breach by Changyou or any of its subsidiaries and VIEs of this Agreement or any of the Inter-Company Agreements; and


(c) any Liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, with respect to all information (i) contained in the IPO Registration Statement, any issuer free writing prospectus or any preliminary, final or supplemental prospectus forming a part of the IPO Registration Statement (other than information provided in writing by Sohu or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs to Changyou specifically for inclusion in the IPO Registration Statement, any issuer free writing prospectus or any preliminary, final or supplemental prospectus forming a part of the IPO Registration Statement), (ii) contained in any public filings made by Changyou with the SEC following the Live Filing Date or (iii) provided in writing by Changyou or its subsidiaries or VIEs to Sohu specifically for inclusion in Sohu’s annual or quarterly reports following the Live Filing Date to the extent (A) such information pertains to (x) Changyou or its subsidiaries or VIEs or (y) the Changyou Business or (B) Sohu has provided prior written notice to Changyou that such information will be included in one or more annual or quarterly reports, specifying how such information will be presented, and the information is included in such annual or quarterly reports; provided that this sub-clause (B) shall not apply to the extent that any such Liability arises out of or results from, or in connection with, any action or inaction of Sohu or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs, including as a result of any misstatement or omission of any information by Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs to Changyou.

In the event that Changyou or its subsidiaries or VIEs makes a payment to the Sohu Indemnitees hereunder, and any of the Sohu Indemnitees subsequently diminishes the Liability on account of which such payment was made, either directly or through a third-party recovery (other than a recovery indirectly from Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs), Sohu will promptly repay (or will procure a Sohu Indemnitee to promptly repay) Changyou (or its subsidiary or VIE, as the case may be) the amount by which the payment made by such member of the Changyou (or its subsidiary or VIE, as the case may be) exceeds the actual cost of the associated indemnified Liability.

4.3 Indemnification by Sohu . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, Sohu shall, for itself and as agent for each of its subsidiaries and VIEs, indemnify, defend (or, where applicable, pay the defense costs for) and hold harmless the Changyou Indemnitees from and against, and shall reimburse each such Changyou Indemnitee with respect to, any and all Losses that any third party seeks to impose upon the Changyou Indemnitees or which are imposed upon the Changyou Indemnitees to the extent relating to, arising from or resulting from, whether prior to, on or following the Live Filing Date, any of the following items (without duplication):

(a) any Liability of Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs and all Liabilities arising out of the operation or conduct of the Sohu Business (in each case excluding the Changyou Liabilities);

(b) any breach by Sohu or any member of the Sohu Group of this Agreement or any of the Inter-Company Agreements; and

(c) any Liabilities relating to, arising out of or resulting from any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, with respect to all information (i) contained in the IPO Registration Statement, any issuer free writing prospectus or


any preliminary, final or supplemental prospectus forming a part of the IPO Registration Statement and provided in writing by Sohu or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs to Changyou specifically for inclusion in the IPO Registration Statement, any issuer free writing prospectus or any preliminary, final or supplemental prospectus forming a part of the IPO Registration Statement), (ii) contained in any public filings made by Sohu.com with the SEC following the Live Filing Date or (iii) provided in writing by Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs to Changyou specifically for inclusion in Changyou’s annual or quarterly reports following the Live Filing Date to the extent (A) such information pertains to (x) Sohu or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs or (y) the Sohu Business or (B) Changyou has provided prior written notice to Sohu that such information will be included in one or more annual or quarterly reports, specifying how such information will be presented, and the information is included in such annual or quarterly reports; provided that this sub-clause (B) shall not apply to the extent that any such Liability arises out of or results from, or in connection with, any action or inaction of Changyou or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs, including as a result of any misstatement or omission of any information by Changyou or any of its subsidiaries or VIEs to Sohu.

In the event that Sohu or its subsidiaries or VIEs makes a payment to the Changyou Indemnitees hereunder, and any of the Changyou Indemnitees subsequently diminishes the Liability on account of which such payment was made, either directly or through a third-party recovery (other than a recovery indirectly from Changyou), Changyou will promptly repay (or will procure a Changyou Indemnitee to promptly repay) Sohu (or its subsidiary or VIE, as the case may be) the amount by which the payment made by Sohu (or its subsidiary or VIE, as the case may be) exceeds the actual cost of the indemnified Liability.

4.4 Procedures for Defense, Settlement and Indemnification of the Third Party Claims .

(a) Notice of Claims . If an Indemnitee shall receive notice or otherwise learn of the assertion by a Person (including any Governmental Authority) other than Sohu, Changyou and their subsidiaries and VIEs of any claim or of the commencement by any such Person of any Action (collectively, a “Third Party Claim”) with respect to which an Indemnifying Party may be obligated to provide indemnification, Sohu and Changyou as applicable, will ensure that such Indemnitee shall give such Indemnifying Party written notice thereof within thirty (30) days after becoming aware of such Third Party Claim. Any such notice shall describe the Third Party Claim in reasonable detail. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the delay or failure of any Indemnitee or other Person to give notice as provided in this Section shall not relieve the related Indemnifying Party of its obligations under this Article IV, except to the extent that such Indemnifying Party is actually and substantially prejudiced by such delay or failure to give notice.

(b) Defense by Indemnifying Party . An Indemnifying Party shall be entitled to participate in the defense of any Third Party Claim and, to the extent that it wishes, at its cost, risk and expense, to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Party seeking indemnification, unless the Indemnifying Party is also a party to such proceeding and the Indemnified Party determines in good faith that joint representation would be materially prejudicial to the Indemnified Party’s defense. After timely notice from the Indemnifying Party to the Indemnitee of such election to so assume the defense thereof, the Indemnifying


Party shall not be liable to the Party seeking indemnification for any legal expenses of other counsel or any other expenses subsequently incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the defense thereof. The Indemnitee agrees to cooperate in all reasonable respects with the Indemnifying Party and its counsel in the defense against any Third Party Claim. The Indemnifying Party shall be entitled to compromise or settle any Third Party Claim as to which it is providing indemnification, provided that any compromise or settlement shall be made only with the written consent of the Indemnitee, such consent not to be unreasonably withheld.

(c) Defense by Indemnitee . If an Indemnifying Party fails to assume the defense of a Third Party Claim within thirty (30) calendar days after receipt of notice of such claim, Indemnitee will, upon delivering notice to such effect to the Indemnifying Party, have the right to undertake the defense, compromise or settlement of such Third Party Claim on behalf of and for the account of the Indemnifying Party subject to the limitations as set forth in this Section; provided, however, that such Third Party Claim shall not be compromised or settled without the written consent of the Indemnifying Party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. If the Indemnitee assumes the defense of any Third Party Claim, it shall keep the Indemnifying Party reasonably informed of the progress of any such defense, compromise or settlement. The Indemnifying Party shall reimburse all such costs and expenses of the Indemnitee in the event it is ultimately determined that the Indemnifying Party is obligated to indemnify the Indemnitee with respect to such Third Party Claim. In no event shall an Indemnifying Party be liable for any settlement effected without its consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld.

4.5 Additional Matters .

(a) Cooperation in Defense and Settlement . With respect to any Third Party Claim that implicates both Changyou and Sohu in a material way due to the allocation of Liabilities, responsibilities for management of defense and related indemnities set forth in this Agreement or any of the Inter-Company Agreements, the Parties agree to cooperate fully and maintain a joint defense (in a manner that will preserve the attorney-client privilege, joint defense or other privilege with respect thereto) so as to minimize such Liabilities and defense costs associated therewith. Any Party that is not responsible for managing the defense of such Third Party Claims shall, upon reasonable request, be consulted with respect to significant matters relating thereto and may, if necessary or helpful, engage counsel to assist in the defense of such claims.

(b) Subrogation . In the event of payment by or on behalf of any Indemnifying Party to or on behalf of any Indemnitee in connection with any Third Party Claim, such Indemnifying Party shall be subrogated to and shall stand in the place of such Indemnitee, in whole or in part based upon whether the Indemnifying Party has paid all or only part of the Indemnitee’s Liability, as to any events or circumstances in respect of which such Indemnitee may have any right, defense or claim relating to such Third Party Claim against any claimant or plaintiff asserting such Third Party Claim or against any other person. Such Indemnitee shall cooperate with such Indemnifying Party in a reasonable manner, and at the cost and expense of such Indemnifying Party, in prosecuting any subrogated right, defense or claim.


4.6 Survival of Indemnities . The rights and obligations of the Parties under this Article IV shall survive the sale or other transfer by any Party of any of its assets or businesses or the assignment by it of any Liabilities or the acquisition of control of such Party (by sale of capital stock or other equity interests, merger, consolidation or otherwise).

ARTICLE V

DISPUTE RESOLUTION

5.1 Dispute Resolution .

(a) Any dispute, controversy or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the Inter-Company Agreements, or the breach, termination or validity thereof (“Dispute”) which arises between the Parties shall first be negotiated between appropriate senior executives of each Party who shall have the authority to resolve the matter. Such executives shall meet to attempt in good faith to negotiate a resolution of the Dispute prior to pursuing other available remedies, within ten (10) days of receipt by a Party of written notice of a Dispute, which date of receipt shall be referred to herein as the “Dispute Resolution Commencement Date.” Discussions and correspondence relating to trying to resolve such Dispute shall be treated as Confidential Information and Privileged Information of each of Sohu and Changyou developed for the purpose of settlement and shall be exempt from discovery or production and shall not be admissible in any subsequent proceeding between the Parties.

(b) If the senior executives are unable to resolve the Dispute within 60 days from the Dispute Resolution Commencement Date, then, the Dispute will be submitted to the boards of directors of Sohu and Changyou. Representatives of each board of directors shall meet as soon as practicable to attempt in good faith to negotiate a resolution of the Dispute.

(c) If the representatives of the two boards of directors are unable to resolve the Dispute within 120 days from the Dispute Resolution Commencement Date, on the request of any Party, the Dispute will be mediated by a mediator appointed pursuant to the mediation rules of the American Arbitration Association. Both Parties will share the administrative costs of the mediation and the mediator’s fees and expenses equally, and each Party shall bear all of its other costs and expenses related to the mediation, including but not limited to attorney’s fees, witness fees, and travel expenses. The mediation shall take place in Beijing, China or in whatever alternative forum on which the Parties may agree.

(d) If the Parties cannot resolve any Dispute through mediation within 45 days after the appointment of the mediator (or the earlier withdrawal thereof), each Party shall be entitled to seek relief in a court of competent jurisdiction.

Unless otherwise agreed in writing, the Parties will continue to provide service and honor all other commitments under this Agreement and each Inter-Company Agreement during the course of dispute resolution pursuant to the provisions of this Section 5.1 with respect to all matters not subject to such dispute, controversy or claim.


ARTICLE VI

MISCELLANEOUS

6.1 Consent of Sohu .

(a) Any consent of Sohu pursuant to this Agreement or any of the Inter-Company Agreements shall not be effective unless it is in writing and evidenced by the signature of the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of Sohu (or such other person that the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or board of directors of Sohu has specifically authorized in writing to give such consent).

(b) Any consent of Changyou pursuant to this Agreement or any of the Inter-Company Agreements shall not be effective unless it is in writing and evidenced by the signature of the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of Changyou (or such other person that the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or board of directors of Sohu has specifically authorized in writing to give such consent).

6.2 Limitation of Liability . IN NO EVENT SHALL SOHU OR ANY OF MEMBER OF THE SOHU GROUP OR CHANGYOU OR ANY OF ITS SUBSIDIARIES OR VIES BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER PARTY, OR ITS AFFILIATED COMPANIES FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES OR LOST PROFITS, HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT, WHETHER OR NOT SUCH PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES; PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT THE FOREGOING LIMITATIONS SHALL NOT LIMIT EACH PARTY’S INDEMNIFICATION OBLIGATIONS FOR LIABILITIES AS SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT OR IN ANY INTER-COMPANY AGREEMENT.

6.3 Entire Agreement . This Agreement, the Inter-Company Agreements and the Exhibits and Schedules referenced or attached hereto and thereto constitute the entire agreement among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof and shall supersede all prior written and oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements and understandings with respect to the subject matter hereof and thereof.

6.4 Governing Law and Jurisdiction . This Agreement, including the validity hereof and the rights and obligations of the Parties hereunder, shall be construed in accordance with and all Disputes hereunder shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York, U.S.A., applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely in such state (without giving effect to the conflicts of laws provisions thereof). Subject to Section 5.1, each of the Parties hereby submits unconditionally to jurisdiction of, and agrees that venue shall lie exclusively in, the federal and state courts located in the City of New York for purposes of the resolution of any disputes arising under this Agreement.

6.5 Termination; Amendment . This Agreement and any applicable Inter-Company Agreement may be terminated or amended by mutual consent of the Parties thereto, evidenced by an instrument in writing signed on behalf of each of the applicable Parties. In the event of termination pursuant to this Section 6.5, no Party shall have any liability of any kind to the other Parties. This Agreement


shall terminate on the date that is five (5) years after the first date upon which members of the Sohu Group no longer collectively own at least twenty percent (20%) of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou; provided, however, that the provisions of Section 3.7 shall survive for a period of seven (7) years after the termination of this Agreement and the provisions of Section 3.5, Article IV, Article V and Article VI shall survive indefinitely after the termination of this Agreement.

6.6 Notices . Notices, offers, requests or other communications required or permitted to be given by a Party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be given in writing to the other Parties to the following addresses:

if to Sohu:

Level 12, Sohu.com Internet Plaza

No. 1 Unit Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District

Beijing 100084

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Email: carol@sohu-inc.com

if to Changyou, AmazGame, or Gamease:

East Tower, JinYan Building

No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District

Beijing 100043

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Email: alex@sohu-inc.com

or to such other address or email address as the Party to whom notice is given may have previously furnished to the other in writing as provided herein. Any notice involving non-performance or termination shall be sent by hand delivery or recognized overnight courier. All other notices may also be sent by email, confirmed by mail. All notices shall be deemed to have been given when received, if hand delivered; when transmitted, if transmitted by email; upon confirmation of delivery, if sent by recognized overnight courier; and upon receipt if mailed.

6.7 Counterparts . This Agreement, including the Inter-Company Agreements and the Exhibits and Schedules hereto and thereto and the other documents referred to herein or therein, may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement.

6.8 Binding Effect; Assignment . This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Parties hereto and their respective legal representatives and successors, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any other Person any rights or remedies of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement. This Agreement may be enforced


separately by each Party’s subsidiaries and VIEs. No Party may assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder, without the prior written consent of each other Party, and any such assignment shall be void; provided, however, each Party may assign this Agreement to a successor entity in conjunction with such Party’s reincorporation in another jurisdiction or into another business form.

6.9 Severability . If any term or other provision of this Agreement or the Exhibits or Schedules attached hereto is determined by a court, administrative agency or arbitrator to be invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of law or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any Party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the Parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the Parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner to the end that transactions contemplated hereby are fulfilled to the fullest extent possible.

6.10 Failure or Indulgence not Waiver; Remedies Cumulative . No failure or delay on the part of any Party hereto in the exercise of any right hereunder shall impair such right or be construed to be a waiver of, or acquiescence in, any breach of any representation, warranty or agreement herein, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right. All rights and remedies existing under this Agreement or the Exhibits or Schedules attached hereto are cumulative to, and not exclusive of, any rights or remedies otherwise available.

6.11 Authority . Each of the Parties hereto represents to the others that (a) it has the corporate or other requisite power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement, (b) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by it have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other actions, (c) it has duly and validly executed and delivered this Agreement, and (d) this Agreement is a legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and general equity principles.

6.12 Interpretation . The headings contained in this Agreement, in any Exhibit or Schedule hereto and in the table of contents to this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. Any capitalized term used in any Exhibit or Schedule but not otherwise defined therein, shall have the meaning assigned to such term in this Agreement. When a reference is made in this Agreement to an Article or a Section, Exhibit or Schedule, such reference shall be to an Article or Section of, or an Exhibit or Schedule to, this Agreement unless otherwise indicated.

6.13 Conflicting Agreements . None of the provisions of this Agreement is intended to supersede any provision in any Inter-Company Agreement or any other agreement with respect to the respective subject matters thereof. In the event of conflict between this Agreement and any Inter-Company Agreement or other agreement executed in connection herewith, the provisions of such other agreement shall prevail.


6.14 Third Party Beneficiaries . None of the provisions of this Agreement shall be for the benefit of or enforceable by any third party, including any creditor of any Person. No such third party shall obtain any right under any provision of this Agreement or shall by reasons of any such provision make any claim in respect of any Liability (or otherwise) against either Party hereto.

ARTICLE VII

DEFINITIONS

7.1 Defined Terms . The following capitalized terms shall have the meanings given to them in this Section 7.1:

“Action” means any demand, action, suit, countersuit, claim, counterclaim, arbitration, inquiry, proceeding or investigation by or before any Governmental Authority or any arbitration or mediation tribunal.

“ADSs” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.2 of this Agreement.

“Agreement” shall mean this Master Transaction Agreement, together with the Schedules and Exhibits hereto, as the same may be amended from time to time in accordance with the provisions hereof.

“AmazGame” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.

“Ancillary Game Services” means certain online game services of the type that the Sohu Group provides on its 17173.com web site consisting of links to the games of online game companies that are customers of 17173.com, with Sohu generally being compensated by such customers according to, among other things, the revenues that such customers earn from game players who reach the customers’ games using click-throughs from the 17173.com web site

“Changyou” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.

“Changyou’s Auditors” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.4(a)(i) of this Agreement.

“Changyou Balance Sheet” shall mean Changyou’s unaudited consolidated balance sheet for the most recently completed fiscal quarter as of the Live Filing Date.

“Changyou Business” means the development, operation and licensing of client-end installed MMORPGs and other support services, as previously conducted by Sohu and as currently conducted and contemplated to be conducted by Changyou anywhere in the world, as more completely described in the IPO Registration Statement.

“Changyou Indemnitees” means Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs and each of their respective directors, officers and employees.

“Changyou Liabilities” shall mean (without duplication) the following Liabilities:

(i) all Liabilities reflected in the Changyou Balance Sheet;


(ii) all Liabilities of Sohu or its subsidiaries and VIEs that arise after the date of the Changyou Balance Sheet that would be reflected in a Changyou balance sheet as of the date of such Liabilities, if such balance sheet was prepared using the same principles and accounting policies under which the Changyou Balance Sheet was prepared;

(iii) all Liabilities that should have been reflected in the Changyou Balance Sheet but are not reflected in the Changyou Balance Sheet due to mistake or unintentional omission;

(iv) all Liabilities, whether arising before, on or after the Live Filing Date, that relate to, arise or result from: (1) the operation of the Changyou Business or (2) the operation of any business conducted by Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs at any time after the Live Filing Date; and

(v) Liabilities of Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs under this Agreement or any of the Inter-Company Agreements.

“Confidential Business Information” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.5(b)(iii) of this Agreement.

“Confidential Information” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.5(b)(i) of this Agreement.

“Confidential Technical Information” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.5(b)(ii) of this Agreement.

“Contract” means any contract, agreement, lease, license, sales order, purchase order, instrument or other commitment that is binding on any Person or any part of its property under applicable law.

“Dispute” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(a) of this Agreement.

“Dispute Resolution Commencement Date” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1(a) of this Agreement.

“Exchange Act” means the U.S. Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

“Gamease” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.

“Governmental Authority” shall mean any U.S. federal, state or local, foreign or international court, government, department, commission, board, bureau, agency, official or other regulatory, administrative or governmental authority.


“Indemnifying Party” means any party which may be obligated to provide indemnification to an Indemnitee pursuant to Section 4.2 or Section 4.3 hereof or any other section of this Agreement or any Inter-Company Agreement.

“Indemnitee” means any party which may be entitled to indemnification from an Indemnifying Party pursuant to Section 4 hereof or any other section of this Agreement or any Inter-Company Agreement.

“Information” means information, whether or not patentable or copyrightable, in written, oral, electronic or other tangible or intangible forms, stored in any medium, including studies, reports, records, books, contracts, instruments, surveys, discoveries, ideas, concepts, know-how, techniques, designs, specifications, drawings, blueprints, diagrams, models, prototypes, samples, flow charts, data, computer data, disks, diskettes, tapes, computer programs or other software, marketing plans, customer names, communications by or to attorneys (including attorney-client privileged communications), memos and other materials prepared by attorneys or under their direction (including attorney work product), and other technical, financial, employee or business information or data.

“Inter-Company Agreements” shall mean the MMORPG Business Transfer Agreements, the Non-Competition Agreement and the Marketing Services Agreement.

“IPO” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.

“IPO Registration Statement” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.

“Liabilities” means all debts, liabilities, guarantees, assurances, commitments and obligations, whether fixed, contingent or absolute, asserted or unasserted, matured or unmatured, liquidated or unliquidated, accrued or not accrued, known or unknown, due or to become due, whenever or however arising (including, without limitation, whether arising out of any Contract or tort based on negligence or strict liability) and whether or not the same would be required by U.S. GAAP to be reflected in financial statements or disclosed in the notes thereto.

“Live Filing Date” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.

“Loss” and “Losses” mean any and all damages, losses, deficiencies, Liabilities, obligations, penalties, judgments, settlements, claims, payments, fines, interest, costs and expenses (including, without limitation, the costs and expenses of any and all Actions and demands, assessments, judgments, settlements and compromises relating thereto and the reasonable costs and expenses of attorneys’, accountants’, consultants’ and other professionals’ fees and expenses incurred in the investigation or defense thereof or the enforcement of rights hereunder), but excluding punitive damages (other than punitive damages awarded to any third party against an indemnified party).

“Marketing Services Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 of this Agreement.


“MMORPGs” means client-end installed massively multi-player online role-playing games, excluding, without limitation, Ancillary Game Services and casual games.

“Non-Competition Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1.1 of this Agreement.

“MMORPG Business Transfer Agreements” means those various agreements, instruments and other operative documents relating to the transfer of the assets and liabilities of the Changyou Business, including without limitation those agreements, instruments and documents listed on Schedule 1 attached hereto and made a part hereof.

“Ordinary Shares” means the ordinary shares of Changyou (including ordinary shares represented by ADSs and held of record by the depositary bank for the ADSs).

“Party” or “Parties” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

“Person” means an individual, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization or a governmental entity or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof.

“Privileges” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.6(a) of this Agreement.

“Privileged Information” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.6(a) of this Agreement.

“Rule 10A-3(b)(2)” means Rule 10A-3(b)(2) (or any successor rule to similar effect) promulgated under the Exchange Act.

“SEC” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals of this Agreement.

“Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Sohu Group” means Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs, other than Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs.

“Sohu” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.

“Sohu’s Auditors” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.4 (a)(i) of this Agreement.

“Sohu Business” means any business that is conducted by Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs and described in its periodic filings with the SEC, other than the Changyou Business.

“Sohu Indemnitees” means Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs (excluding Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs) and each of their respective directors, officers and employees.

“Sohu Liabilities” shall mean (without duplication) the following Liabilities:

(i) all Liabilities, whether arising before, on or after the Live Filing Date, that relate to, arise or result from the operation of the Sohu Business, other than Changyou Liabilities; and


(ii) Liabilities of Sohu and its subsidiaries and VIEs under this Agreement or any of the Inter-Company Agreements.

“Third Party Claim” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.8(a) of this Agreement.

“Underwriters” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a) of this Agreement.

“Underwriting Agreement” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a) of this Agreement.

“U.S. GAAP” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States as in effect from time to time.

“VIE” of any Person means any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such Person and is deemed to be a variable interest entity consolidated with such Person for purposes of U.S. GAAP. As used herein, “control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such entity, whether through ownership of voting securities or other interests, by contract or otherwise. For the purpose of this Agreement, Gamease is a VIE of Changyou.


WHEREFORE, the Parties have signed this Master Transaction Agreement effective as of the date first set forth above.

 

SOHU.COM INC.

By:

 

/s/ Charles Zhang

Name:

  Charles Zhang

Title:

  Chief Executive Officer

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

By:

 

/s/ Tao Wang

Name:

  Tao Wang

Title:

  Chief Executive Officer


SCHEDULE 1

MMORPG Business Transfer Agreements

 

 

Asset Transfer Agreement between Sohu New Era and AmazGame . Transfers servers and other key aspects of the MMORPG business operated by Sohu and held by Sohu New Era, Inc. to AmazGame.

 

 

Asset Transfer Agreement between Sohu New Era and Gamease . Transfers to Gamease from Sohu New Era, Inc. that number of servers as is required to be held by Gamease as the holder of the online game licenses and as operator of the MMORPG business operated by Sohu.

 

 

Technology Transfer Agreement between Beijing Fire Fox and Gamease . Transfers to Gamease from Beijing Fire Fox, a subsidiary of Sohu, technology related to TLBB.

 

 

Trademark Assignment Agreement between Beijing Fire Fox and Gamease . Transfers to Gamease from Beijing Fire Fox trademarks and trademark rights.

 

 

Services Transfer Agreement between Sohu Era and Gamease . Gamease agrees to provide to TLBB game players operational and maintenance services previously provided by Sohu Era, and to accept pre-paid game cards previously sold to such game players and not yet used, in return for Sohu Era’s paying to Gamease a fee from Sohu Era calculated to compensate Gamease for the value of such pre-paid cards.

 

 

Assignment of Rights Agreement among Sohu Internet, Beijing Fire Fox, Beijing Ke Hai Publishing House and Gamease. Sohu Internet assigns to Gamease its rights to operate, and its obligations with respect to, TLBB.

 

 

TLBB Game License Agreement (Vietnam) among Sohu Internet, Beijing Fire Fox and FPT Telecom, amended by Supplement to Game License Agreement among Sohu Internet, Beijing Fire Fox, FPT Telecom and Gamease. Sohu Internet and Beijing Fire Fox, as the joint licensors, assign to Gamease all of their rights and obligations under the agreement.

 

 

Amendments to distribution agreements between Sohu New Era and each of the distributors of pre-paid cards. Agreements amended to replace Sohu New Era with Gamease.

 

 

Amendments to employment agreements between Sohu New Era and certain former Sohu New Era employees. Amendments transfer employees from Sohu New Era to Gamease.

 

 

Amendments to employment agreements between Sohu New Era and certain former Sohu New Era employees. Amendments transfer employees from Sohu New Era to AmazGame.

 

 

Amendments to employment agreements between Beijing Fire Fox and certain former Beijing Fire Fox employees. Amendments transfer employees from Beijing Fire Fox to AmazGame.

Exhibit 10.16

NON-COMPETITION AGREEMENT


NON-COMPETITION AGREEMENT

This Non-Competition Agreement is dated as of January 1, 2009, by and between Sohu.com Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Sohu”), and Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (“Changyou”). Sohu and Changyou are individually referred to as a “Party,” and together as the “Parties.” Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings ascribed to such terms in Article I hereof.

RECITALS

WHEREAS, Sohu is the beneficial owner of a majority of the issued and outstanding ordinary shares of Changyou (“Ordinary Shares”);

WHEREAS, Sohu has been engaged in the client-end installed massively multi-player online role-playing games (“MMORPGs”) business and, since December 1, 2007, has conducted such business through Changyou, as more fully described in a draft Registration Statement on Form F-1 submitted or to be submitted for non-public review and comment by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933 and to be filed publicly with the SEC via its EDGAR system (the date of such filing, the “Live Filing Date”) following the satisfactory completion of such review and comment (as so filed, and as amended thereafter from time to time, the “IPO Registration Statement);

WHEREAS, the Parties currently contemplate that Changyou will make an initial public offering (“IPO”) pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement; and

WHEREAS, the Parties intend in this Agreement to set forth the principal terms and conditions with respect to their agreement not to compete with each other or solicit the employees of each other following ;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the terms, conditions, covenants and provisions of this Agreement, and intending to be legally bound, Sohu and Changyou mutually covenant and agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

1.1 Defined Terms . The following capitalized terms shall have the meanings given to them in this Section 1.1:

“ADSs” means American depositary shares representing Ordinary Shares.

“Agreement” means this Non-Competition Agreement, as the same may be amended and supplemented from time to time in accordance with the provisions thereof.

“Ancillary Game Services” means certain online game services of the type that the Sohu Group provides on its 17173.com web site consisting of links to the games of online game companies that are customers of 17173.com, with Sohu generally being compensated by such customers according to, among other things, the revenues that such customers earn from game players who reach the customers’ games using click-throughs from the 17173.com web site.


“Changyou” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.

“Changyou Business” means the development, operation and licensing of client-end installed MMORPGs and other support services, as previously conducted by Sohu and as conducted and contemplated to be conducted by the Changyou Group on a world-wide basis as of the date hereof and the date that the IPO Registration Statement becomes effective under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as more fully described in the IPO Registration Statement.

“Changyou Group” means Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs.

“Inter-Company Agreements” has the meaning ascribed to it in the Master Transaction Agreement.

“IPO” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.

“Live Filing Date” has the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.

“Master Transaction Agreement” means the Master Transaction Agreement by and among the Parties and certain other parties dated the date hereof, as the same may be amended and supplemented in accordance with the provisions thereof.

“MMORPGs” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement. The term MMORPGs as used in this Agreement is intended to be strictly limited to client-end installed massively multi-player online role-playing games and to exclude, without limitation, Ancillary Game Services and casual games.

“Non-Competition Period” means the period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the later of:

 

  (a) the date that is three years after the first date upon which members of the Sohu Group cease to own in the aggregate at least ten percent (10%) of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou; and

 

  (b) the fifth anniversary of the date of the Live Filing Date.

“Ordinary Shares” means the ordinary shares, par value $0.01 per share, of Changyou.

“Person” means an individual, a partnership, a corporation, a limited liability company, an association, a joint stock company, a trust, a joint venture, an unincorporated organization or a governmental entity or any department, agency or political subdivision thereof.

“SEC” shall have the meaning set forth in the recitals to this Agreement.

“Sohu” shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.


“Sohu Business” means the online portal, search, mobile value-added services, and games businesses and any other business conducted or contemplated to be conducted by the Sohu Group (other than the Changyou Business) as of the date hereof and the date that the IPO Registration Statement becomes effective under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as more fully described in Sohu’s periodic filings with the SEC.

“Sohu Group” means Sohu.com Inc. and its subsidiaries and VIES other than Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs.

“VIE” of any Person means any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with such Person and is deemed to be a variable interest entity consolidated with such Person for purposes of U.S. GAAP. As used herein, “control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such entity, whether through ownership of voting securities or other interests, by contract or otherwise. For the purpose of this Agreement, Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. is a VIE of Changyou.

ARTICLE II

NON-COMPETITION

2.1 Undertaking of the Sohu Group . During the Non-Competition Period, Sohu will not, and will cause each of the other members of the Sohu Group not to, directly or indirectly, anywhere in the world sell or otherwise provide to any third party any product or service or otherwise engage in any business that competes in any way with the Changyou Business, whether as a principal or for its own account, or as a shareholder or other equity owner in any Person (other than Changyou); provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit any member of the Sohu Group from owning beneficially or of record, less than 2% (calculated on an aggregate basis combining any such ownership by any members of the Sohu Group) of the equity or its equivalent of any Person (other than Changyou) that sells or otherwise provides any product or service in competition with the Changyou Business. Sohu’s undertaking under this Section 2.1 does not apply to the Ancillary Game Services, to the extent and for so long as the revenue earned for the Ancillary Game Services does not exceed ten percent (10%) of the total revenue of the Sohu Group in the same fiscal year.

2.2 Undertaking of the Changyou Group . During the Non-Competition Period, Changyou will not, and will cause each of the other members of the Changyou Group not to, directly or indirectly, anywhere in the world sell or otherwise provide to any third party any product or service or otherwise engage in any business that competes in any way with the Sohu Business, whether as a principal or for its own account, or as a shareholder or other equity owner in any Person; provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit any member of the Changyou Group from owning beneficially or of record, less than 2% (calculated on an aggregate basis combining any such ownership by any member of the Changyou Group) of the equity or its equivalent of any Person that sells or otherwise provides any such product or service in competition with the Sohu Business.


ARTICLE III

NON-SOLICITATION

3.1 Non-Solicitation by Sohu . During the Non-Competition Period, Sohu will not, and will cause each other member of the Sohu Group not to, directly or indirectly, hire, or solicit for hire, any active employees of or individuals providing consulting services to any member of the Changyou Group, or any former employees of or individuals providing consulting services to any member of the Changyou Group within six months of the termination of their employment with or consulting services to the member of the Changyou Group, without Changyou’s consent; provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit any solicitation activities through generalized non-targeted advertisement not directed to such employees or individuals that do not result in the hiring of any such employees or individuals by the Sohu Group within the Non-Competition Period.

3.2 Non-Solicitation by Changyou . During the Non-Competition Period, Changyou will not, and will cause each other member of the Changyou Group not to, directly or indirectly, solicit or hire any active employees of or individuals providing consulting services to any member of the Sohu Group, or any former employees of or individuals providing consulting services to any member of the Sohu Group within six months of the termination of their employment with or consulting to the member of the Sohu Group, without Sohu’s consent; provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit any solicitation activities through generalized non-targeted advertisement not directed to such employees or individuals that do not result in the hiring of any such employees or individuals by the Changyou Group within the Non-Competition Period.

ARTICLE IV

MISCELLANEOUS

4.1 Consent of Sohu . Any consent of Sohu pursuant to this Agreement shall not be effective unless it is in writing and evidenced by the signature of the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of Sohu (or such other person that the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or board of directors of Sohu has specifically authorized in writing to give such consent).

4.2 Consent of Changyou . Any consent of Changyou.com pursuant to this Agreement shall not be effective unless it is in writing and evidenced by the signature of the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of Changyou (or such other person that the Chief Executive Officer, Chief Financial Officer or board of directors of Changyou has specifically authorized in writing to give such consent).

4.3 Entire Agreement . This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement among the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and shall supersede all prior written and oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements and understandings with respect to the subject matter hereof.

4.4 Governing Law and Jurisdiction . This Agreement, including the validity hereof and the rights and obligations of the Parties hereunder, shall be construed in accordance with and all disputes hereunder shall be governed by the laws of the State of New York, U.S.A., applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely in such state (without giving effect to the conflicts of laws


provisions thereof). Each of the Parties hereby submits unconditionally to jurisdiction of, and agrees that venue shall lie exclusively in, the federal and state courts located in the City of New York for purposes of the resolution of any disputes arising under this Agreement.

4.5 Termination; Amendment . This Agreement may be terminated or amended by mutual written consent of the Parties.

4.6 Notices . Notices and other communications to be given by any Party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement shall be given in writing to the respective Parties to the following addresses:

if to Sohu:

Level 12, Sohu.com Internet Plaza

No. 1 Unit Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District

Beijing 100084

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Email: carol@sohu-inc.com

if to Changyou:

East Tower, JinYan Building

No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District

Beijing 100043

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Email: alex@sohu-inc.com

or to such other address or email address as the Party to whom notice is given may have previously furnished to the other in writing as provided herein. Any notice involving non-performance or termination shall be sent by hand delivery or recognized overnight courier. All other notices may also be sent by email, confirmed by mail. All notices shall be deemed to have been given when received, if hand delivered; when transmitted, if transmitted by email; upon confirmation of delivery, if sent by recognized overnight courier; and upon receipt if mailed.

4.7 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original but all of which shall constitute one and the same agreement.

4.8 Binding Effect; Assignment . This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Parties hereto and their respective legal representatives and successors, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any other Person any rights or remedies of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement. No party may assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder, without the prior written consent of the other Party, and any such assignment without such consent shall be void; provided, however, each Party may assign this Agreement to a successor entity in conjunction with the transfer of substantially all of the Party’s business, whether by sale of substantially all assets, merger, consolidation or otherwise.


4.9 Severability . If any term or other provision of this Agreement is determined by a court, administrative agency or arbitrator to be invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of law or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement shall nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any Party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the Parties hereto shall negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the Parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner in order that transactions contemplated hereby are fulfilled to the fullest extent possible.

4.10 Failure or Indulgence not Waiver; Specific Performance; Remedies Cumulative . No failure or delay on the part of any Party in the exercise of any right hereunder shall impair such right or be construed to be a waiver of, or acquiescence in, any breach of any representation, warranty or agreement herein, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right. Each Party recognizes and agrees that the other Party’s remedy at law for any breach of this Agreement would be inadequate and that the non-breaching Party shall, in addition to such other remedies as may be available to it at law or in equity, be entitled to injunctive relief and to enforce its rights by an action for specific performance to the extent permitted by law (without the posting of any bond and without proof of actual damages). All rights and remedies existing under this Agreement are cumulative to, and not exclusive of, any rights or remedies otherwise available.

4.11 Authority . Each of the Parties hereto represents to the others that (a) it has the corporate or other requisite power and authority to execute, deliver and perform this Agreement, (b) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by it have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other actions, (c) it has duly and validly executed and delivered this Agreement, and (d) this Agreement is a legal, valid and binding obligation, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms subject to applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally and general equity principles.

4.12 Interpretation . The headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. When a reference is made in this Agreement to an Article or a Section, such reference shall be to an Article or Section of this Agreement unless otherwise indicated. None of the provisions of this Agreement are intended to supersede any provision in any other Inter-Company Agreement or any other agreement with respect to the respective subject matters thereof.

[ Signatures on Next Page ]


WHEREFORE, the Parties have signed this Non-Competition Agreement effective as of the date first set forth above.

 

SOHU.COM INC.
By:  

/s/ Charles Zhang

Name:   Charles Zhang
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED
By:  

/s/ Wang Tao

Name:   Wang Tao
Title:   Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 10.17

MARKETING SERVICES AGREEMENT

This Marketing Services Agreement is dated as of January 1, 2009, by and between Sohu.com Inc., a Delaware corporation (together with its subsidiaries and variable interest entities, “Sohu”), and Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands corporation (together with its subsidiaries and variable interest entity, “Changyou”). Sohu and Changyou are individually referred to as a “Party,” and together as the “Parties.” Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined will have the meanings ascribed to such terms in Article I hereof.

RECITALS

WHEREAS, Sohu operates a leading Chinese web portal, Sohu.com;

WHEREAS, Changyou develops, operates, and licenses MMORPGs (as defined below), as more completely described in a draft Registration Statement on Form F-1 submitted on November 10, 2008 for confidential review and comment by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) under the Securities Act and to be filed publicly with the SEC via its EDGAR system (the date of such filing, the “Live Filing Date”) following the satisfactory completion of such review and comment and as financial market conditions permit (as so filed, and as amended thereafter from time to time, the “IPO Registration Statement”);

WHEREAS, the Parties currently contemplate that Changyou will make an initial public offering (“IPO”) pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement;

WHEREAS, Sohu and Changyou have undertaken various advertising and marketing efforts relating to their businesses and, after the IPO, desire to continue their advertising and marketing efforts in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and

WHEREAS, Sohu controls the voting power of the outstanding ordinary shares of Changyou;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the terms, conditions, covenants and provisions of this Agreement, and intending to be legally bound, Sohu and Changyou mutually covenant and agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

1.1 Defined Terms . The following capitalized terms have the meanings given to them in this Section 1.1:

“Affiliate” means any entity that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with a Party. As used herein, “control” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such entity, whether through ownership of voting securities or other interests, by contract or otherwise. Solely for purposes of this Agreement, however, Changyou and Sohu are deemed not to be Affiliates.


“Agreement” means this Marketing Services Agreement, as the same may be amended and supplemented from time to time in accordance with the provisions hereof.

“Changyou” will have the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.

“Changyou Business” means the development, operation and licensing of client-end installed MMORPGs and other support services, as previously conducted by Sohu and as conducted and contemplated to be conducted by the Changyou Group on a world-wide basis as of the date hereof and the date that the IPO Registration Statement becomes effective under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as more fully described in the IPO Registration Statement.

“Changyou MMORPGs” means MMORPGs that are owned, controlled or maintained by Changyou or its Affiliates.

“Changyou Group” means Changyou and its subsidiaries and VIEs.

“Changyou Links” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.1(a) of this Agreement.

“Changyou Websites” means all websites owned, controlled or maintained by Changyou.

“Deliverables” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1 of this Agreement.

“IPO” has the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

“Inter-Company Agreements” has the meaning ascribed to it in the Master Transaction Agreement.

“Live Filing Date” has the meaning set forth in the preamble of this Agreement.

“Master Transaction Agreement” means the Master Transaction Agreement the Parties dated as of January 1, 2009, as the same may be amended from time to time.

“MMORPGs” means client-end installed massively multi-player online role-playing games.

“SEC” has the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.

“Securities Act” means the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

“Sohu” has the meaning set forth in the preamble to this Agreement.

“Sohu Websites” means all websites owned, operated or controlled by Sohu, including, without limitation, Sohu.com, Chinaren.com, and 17173.com, but not including Changyou Websites.


ARTICLE II

LINKS AND ADVERTISING SERVICES

2.1 Links and Advertising Services .

(a) Links. Sohu will include at all times while this Agreement is in effect links (such links, collectively, “Changyou Links”) to Changyou’s MMORPGs or to the Changyou.com homepage, on the Sohu.com homepage, in at least as prominent a location as Changyou Links are currently included. Exhibit I is a screenshot showing the two links that Changyou is using as of the date of this Agreement.

(b) Advertising Services . Sohu will provide to Changyou at all times while this Agreement is in effect advertising services on the Sohu Websites relating to Changyou’s MMORPGs’ promotional activities in the areas of online advertisements, banners, buttons, game zones and other online advertising mediums.

(c) By no later than January 31 of each year, Sohu and Changyou will discuss and agree on the number of Changyou links to be posted, the position of each Changyou Link and the annual quota for Changyou online advertisements (“Online Advertisements”) on the Sohu Websites. The details of the Online Advertisements, such as the forms, position, period of display, and price, will be determined quarterly based on sales orders within the annual quota as agreed between Sohu and Changyou. If, due to operational requirements, Sohu determines in its reasonable and sole discretion that it needs to make changes to the home page, catalogue pages or channels on the Sohu Websites, and such changes will result in changes to the position and/or size of a Changyou Link and/or an Online Advertisement, then Sohu will notify Changyou in writing of its intended changes fifteen (15) days in advance of making such changes, specifying the revised position and size of the Changyou Link and/or the Online Advertisements. Changyou will, within ten (10) days of receiving the aforementioned notice, confirm its understanding of the same in writing to Sohu. Sohu will make reasonable efforts to accommodate any objections Changyou makes to such changes within such ten-day period, provided that Sohu will be under no obligation to make any such accommodation if Sohu determines, in its sole reasonable discretion, that such accommodation is not practicable. If Changyou fails to reply to Sohu’s notice within the stipulated period, Changyou will be deemed to have accepted the changes.

(d) Sohu will provide monthly reports to Changyou stating, for each of the Sohu Websites where Changyou Links and Online Advertisements are included, the number of “clicks” made on each Changyou Link and Online Advertisement.

2.2 Compensation .

(a) Links . In consideration of the rights granted to Changyou in this Section 2, Changyou will pay to Sohu, within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, a fee of RMB800,000 for each Changyou link placed on the Sohu.com homepage, subject to Sohu’s providing to Changyou, by the end of each such quarter, an invoice and reasonably detailed documentation. The amount of such fee will be increased (or decreased, as the case may be) effective each January 1 and July 1 in accordance with then-prevailing rates charged in the Peoples’ Republic of China for similar link services between unrelated third parties, as reasonably agreed to by Sohu and Changyou.


(b) Advertising Services . In consideration of the advertising services provided to Changyou under this Section 2, Changyou will pay an advertising fee, which will be charged at a discount off the publicly listed rates for advertisements on Sohu Websites then in effect. The discount will be discussed and agreed to by the parties by January 31 of each year. The parties agree that the discount Sohu provides to Changyou will not be less favorable than any Sohu provides to any other third party under similar circumstances. The advertising fee will be paid to Sohu within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, subject to Sohu’s providing to Changyou, by the end of each such quarter, an invoice and reasonably detailed documentation.

2.3 Sohu Rejections . Sohu reserves the right to reject any Changyou Link that is not reasonably consistent with Sohu’s standards, provided that Sohu notifies Changyou of the reason for rejection and accepts such Changyou Link if the reason for rejection is cured.

ARTICLE III

PROMOTION AND TECHNICAL SERVICES

3.1 Identification as Part of Sohu Group and Use of Sohu Logo . Sohu grants to Changyou the non-exclusive right to use, during the term of this Agreement, the phrase “Changyou.com is a member of the Sohu Group,” or a similar phrase approved by Sohu, and the Sohu logo, as the same may be in use by Sohu from time to time, in all Changyou Websites and in all advertising and promotional materials, including in any Changyou-sponsored advertising. Changyou will pay to Sohu, within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, a fee of RMB 8,000,000 for such use of the Sohu logo by Changyou during the quarter, subject to an invoice provided by Sohu.

3.2 Sohu Passport . Sohu will provide all technical services necessary to enable the Changyou Websites to be accessed through Sohu Passport. In consideration of Sohu’s providing such services, Changyou will pay to Sohu within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, a fee of RMB 38 for each new Changyou registered MMORPG user obtained through Passport accounts, subject to Sohu’s providing to Changyou, by the end of each such quarter, an invoice and reasonably detailed documentation. The amount of such fee will be increased (or decreased, as the case may be) effective each January 1 and July 1 in accordance with then-prevailing rates charged in the Peoples’ Republic of China for similar services between unrelated third parties, as reasonably agreed to by Sohu and Changyou.

3.3 Sohu PEAK System . Sohu will make available to Changyou Sohu’s PEAK system online payment platform, to allow Changyou MMORPG players to connect from their accounts directly to their payment accounts, to make direct online purchases of virtual prepaid cards or game points for Changyou’s MMORPGs. For such services, Sohu will charge Changyou such amount as does not exceed the then prevailing rates charged by third parties for similar services, the Parties acknowledging that the amount payable to Sohu by Changyou as of the date of this Agreement is 0.9% of the full face value ( i . e. , not reduced by any discount offered by Changyou to its customers), of the virtual prepaid cards or the full face value of the game points purchased, as applicable. Amounts charged by Changyou to its customers will be collected by Sohu through its PEAK system and transferred to Changyou, less a 0.1% service charge, within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter.


3.4 Bulletin Board System (BBS) . Sohu will build and maintain a BBS for each Changyou MMORPG, and will provide “24/7” hosting and maintenance services for such BBS. In addition, Sohu will provide technical support to help Changyou to manage the BBS. In consideration of Sohu’s providing such services, Changyou will pay to Sohu, within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, a fee of RMB400,000 for each BBS site used by Changyou. The parties acknowledge and agree that Sohu currently is operating three BBS sites for Changyou MMORPGs, as shown on Exhibit II to this Agreement. The amount of the fee payable by Changyou to Sohu for such BBS sites and services will be increased (or decreased, as the case may be) effective each January 1 and July 1 in accordance with then-prevailing rates charged in the Peoples’ Republic of China for similar services between unrelated third parties, as reasonably agreed to by Sohu and Changyou.

ARTICLE IV

DOMAIN NAMES

4.1 License . While this Agreement is in effect, Sohu grants to Changyou a license to:

(a) any domain names that Sohu currently owns that at are used by Changyou in connection with Changyou MMORPGs or the Changyou Websites (other than domain names that it has transferred or is required to transfer to Changyou or its Affiliates pursuant to the Master Transaction Agreement or the agreements referenced therein) (Exhibit III is a list of domain names that Changyou is currently using), and

(b) the use of the word “sohu” in domain names that are currently owned or used by Changyou or that Changyou may wish to own in the future, in each case limited to use by Changyou in connection with the development, operation, or promotion of its MMORPG business.

4.2 For the use of such domain names, Changyou will pay to Sohu within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, a fee of RMB 300,000 for each domain name used by Changyou during the quarter. The amount of such fee will be increased (or decreased, as the case may be) effective each January 1 and July 1 in accordance with then-prevailing rates charged in the Peoples’ Republic of China for similar licenses between unrelated third parties, as reasonably agreed to by Sohu and Changyou.

ARTICLE V

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY

5.1 Trademark License . Changyou retains all right, title and interest in and to the Changyou Websites, and Changyou’s trademarks, service marks, trade names and logos worldwide. Changyou grants Sohu a non-exclusive limited-use license to use Changyou’s trademarks, service marks, trade names and logos only in connection with placing links to Changyou urls to be provided to Sohu by Changyou, for performing its other advertising and promotional obligations to Changyou as set forth in this Agreement, and for joint promotions of the Sohu and Changyou brands.


5.2 Ownership . Each Party owns and will retain all right, title and interest in its names, logos, trademarks and service marks, copyrights and proprietary technology, including without limitation, those names, logos, trademarks and service marks, copyrights and proprietary technology currently used or any which may be developed in the future. Neither Party will copy, distribute, reproduce or use the other Party’s names, logos, trademarks and service marks, copyrights and proprietary technology except as expressly permitted under this Agreement.

ARTICLE VI

TERM

6.1 Termination . This Agreement may be terminated or amended by mutual written consent of the Parties. In addition, this Agreement will terminate upon the later of:

(c) the date that is three years after the first date upon which Sohu ceases to own in the aggregate at least ten percent (10%) of the voting power of the then outstanding securities of Changyou; and

(d) the fifth anniversary of the date of the Live Filing Date.

Unless otherwise agreed to by the Parties in writing, the provisions of Article 5 and Articles 7 through 9 will survive indefinitely after the termination of this Agreement.

ARTICLE VII

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

7.1 No Warranty . Except as expressly stated in this Agreement, all materials, documents, advertising, and services delivered under this agreement (“Deliverables”) are provided “as is.” Except as expressly stated in this agreement, neither party makes any representations or warranties of any kind concerning the Deliverables, express or implied, including, without limitation, warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, non-infringement , or the absence of latent or other defects, whether or not discoverable. Neither Party extends any warranties of any kind as to their content and/or websites being error free.

7.2 Limitation of Damages . In no event will either Party, or their directors, officers, agents, employees or affiliates, be liable for incidental, special or consequential damages of any kind, including economic damages or injury to property and lost profits, under any theory of law, regardless of whether such Party is advised, has other reason to know, or in fact does know of the possibility of the foregoing.

ARTICLE VIII

INDEMNITIES

8.1 Intellectual Property . Each Party (“Indemnifying Party”) will indemnify, defend and hold harmless the other Party, and its subsidiaries and variable interest entities (except that, for purposed of this Artile VIII, Sohu.com Inc. subsidiaries and variable


interest entities will not include Changyou and its subsidiaries and variable interest entity), and their respective directors, officers, employees and agents (“Indemnitees”), against any and all claims, actions, liabilities, losses, and expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) brought by a third party relating to or arising out of any claim that any content provided by such Indemnifying Party and displayed on the Changyou Websites or the Sohu Websites constitutes a defamation or invasion of the right of privacy or publicity, or infringement of the copyright, trademark or other intellectual property right, of any third party. This indemnity will specifically not apply to content provided by visitors to the Changyou Websites or Sohu Websites, including, but not limited to, such visitors who use chat rooms, bulletin boards, or other forums that allow visitors to display material that is not within the control of the Indemnifying Party.

8.2 Procedure . The Indemnitee will promptly provide the Indemnifying Party with written notice of any claim which the Indemnitee believes falls within the scope of this Section 8; provided, however, that, except to the extent the Indemnifying Party is actually prejudiced by the Indemnitee’s failure to provide such prompt notice, such failure to provide prompt notice hereunder will not limit the Indemnitee’s rights under this Section 8. The Indemnitee may, at its own expense, assist in the defense of any such claim if it so chooses, provided that the Indemnifying Party will control such defense and all negotiations relative to the settlement of any such claim.

ARTICLE IX

MISCELLANEOUS

9.1 Consent . No consent or approval of either Party pursuant to this Agreement will be effective unless it is in writing and evidenced by the signature of the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of the consenting or approving Party (or such other person that the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer has specifically authorized in writing to give such consent or approval).

9.2 Entire Agreement . This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and will supersede all prior written and oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements and understandings with respect to the subject matter hereof.

9.3 Governing Law and Jurisdiction . This Agreement, including the validity hereof and the rights and obligations of the Parties hereunder, will be construed in accordance with and all disputes hereunder will be governed by the laws of the State of New York, U.S.A., applicable to contracts made and to be performed entirely in such state (without giving effect to the conflicts of laws provisions thereof). Each of the Parties hereby submits unconditionally to jurisdiction of, and agrees that venue will lie exclusively in, the federal and state courts located in the City of New York for purposes of the resolution of any disputes arising under this Agreement.

9.4 Amendment . This Agreement may be amended only by mutual written consent of the Parties.


9.5 Notices . Notices and other communications to be given by any Party pursuant to the terms of this Agreement will be given in writing to the respective Parties to the following addresses:

if to Sohu:

Level 12, Sohu.com Internet Plaza

No. 1 Unit Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District

Beijing 100084

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Email: carol@sohu-inc.com

if to Changyou:

East Tower, JinYan Hotel

No. 29 Shijingshan road, Shijingshan

Beijing 100043

People’s Republic of China

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Email: alex@sohu-inc.com

or to such other address or email address as the Party to whom notice is given may have previously furnished to the other in writing as provided herein. Any notice involving non-performance or termination will be sent by hand delivery or recognized overnight courier. All other notices may also be sent by email, confirmed by mail. All notices will be deemed to have been given when received, if hand delivered; when transmitted, if transmitted by email; upon confirmation of delivery, if sent by recognized overnight courier; and upon receipt if mailed.

9.6 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which will be deemed to be an original but all of which will constitute one and the same agreement.

9.7 Binding Effect; Assignment . This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the Parties hereto and their respective legal representatives and successors, and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to confer upon any other person any rights or remedies of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement. No Party may assign this Agreement or any rights or obligations hereunder, without the prior written consent of the other Party, and any such assignment without such consent will be void; provided, however, each Party may assign this Agreement to a successor entity in conjunction with the transfer of substantially all of the Party’s business, whether by sale of substantially all assets, merger, consolidation or otherwise.

9.8 Severability . If any term or other provision of this Agreement is determined by a court, administrative agency or arbitrator to be invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced by any rule of law or public policy, all other conditions and provisions of this Agreement will nevertheless remain in full force and effect so long as the economic or legal substance of the transactions


contemplated hereby is not affected in any manner materially adverse to any Party. Upon such determination that any term or other provision is invalid, illegal or incapable of being enforced, the Parties hereto will negotiate in good faith to modify this Agreement so as to effect the original intent of the Parties as closely as possible in an acceptable manner to the end that transactions contemplated hereby are fulfilled to the fullest extent possible.

9.9 Failure or Indulgence not Waiver; Remedies Cumulative . No failure or delay on the part of any Party in the exercise of any right hereunder will impair such right or be construed to be a waiver of, or acquiescence in, any breach of any representation, warranty or agreement herein, nor will any single or partial exercise of any such right preclude other or further exercise thereof or of any other right. All rights and remedies existing under this Agreement are cumulative to, and not exclusive of, any rights or remedies otherwise available.

9.10 Interpretation . The headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and will not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. None of the provisions of this Agreement are intended to supersede any provision in any other Inter-Company Agreement or any other agreement with respect to the respective subject matters thereof.

[ Signatures on Next Page ]


WHEREFORE, the Parties have signed this Marketing Services Agreement effective as of the date first set forth above.

 

SOHU.COM INC.
By:  

/s/ Charles Zhang

Name:   Charles Zhang
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED
By:  

/s/ Tao Wang

Name:   Tao Wang
Title:   Chief Executive Officer


Exhibit I:

Links Currently Used by Changyou

Links currently used by Changyou on

Sohu.com’s homepage

LOGO


Exhibit II:

BBS Sites Used by Changyou as of the Date of Agreement

LOGO


LOGO


LOGO


Exhibit III

Domain Names Used by Changyou as of The Date of The Agreement

 

 

tl.sohu.com

 

 

ldj.sohu.com

 

 

bo.sohu.com

 

 

blade.sohu.com

 

 

bbs.tl.sohu.com

Exhibit 10.18

English Translation

Beijing Sohu New Era Information

Technology Co. Ltd.

(as Transferor)

And

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co.,

Ltd.

(as Transferee)

Asset Transfer Agreement

November 23, 2007


Content

 

1.

   THE TRANSFER OF THE ACQUISITION    3

2.

   CLOSING DATE    3

3.

   THE PRICE OF ACQUISITION AND PAYMENT    3

4.

   PRECONDITIONS    3

5.

   COMPLETION, DELIVERY AND REGISTRATION    4

6.

   REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTS AND COVENANTS    4

7.

   TAXATION AND EXPENSES    6

8.

   BREACH OF CONTRACT    6

9.

   FORCE MAJEURE    6

10.

   NOTICE    6

11.

   APPLICABLE LAW AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION    7

12.

   MISCELLANEOUS    7


Asset Transfer Agreement

This Asset Transfer Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into by and between the following parties on November 23, 2007 in Beijing:

 

(1) Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Party A”), with its registered address of 15F, SOHU Network Tower, No.1 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing and its legal representative of Chaoyang ZHANG; and

 

(2) Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (“Party B”), with its registered address of Room 1209, Building 3, No.3 Xijing Road, Badachu Hi-Tech Park, Shijingshan District, Beijing and its legal representative of Tao WANG.

WHEREAS,

Party A agrees to transfer its assets to Party B, and Party B agrees to accept the assets and relevant business pursuant to this Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE , the Parties reach the following agreement through friendly consultations:

 

1. The Transfer of the Acquisition

According to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Party A agrees to transfer the servers and other assets to Party B at the Closing Date (as defined in Article 2 hereunder), and the detailed asset transfer list is attached to this Agreement: the assets indicated in the list hereinafter shall be referred to as Target. Party B agrees to accept the Target from Party A at the Closing Date.

 

2. Closing Date

Party A and Party B shall complete the transaction of transferring all assets under this Agreement as of November 30, 2007, which shall be the Closing Date.

 

3. The Price of Acquisition and Payment

 

  3.1 The Parties confirm that the total price of the Target which Party B accepts from Party A is RMB 2,586,589.92 (“Purchase Price”), and the details are referred to the appendix hereto: Assets Transfer List.

 

  3.2 Party A shall pay Party B the Purchase Price in full within 60 days upon the stratification of precondition as indicated in Clause 4.1.

 

4. Preconditions

 

  4.1 The performance of Party B’s obligation for paying the Purchase Price shall be done after the following conditions are satisfied:

 

  4.1.1 Party A has delivered the Target to Party B according to the provisions in Article 5 under this Agreement;


  4.1.2 Until the due date (the payment date is included), Party A does not violate its statements, representations, warrants and covenants.

 

5. Completion, Delivery and Registration

 

  5.1 Upon the completion of transaction is that Party A handed over all the assets under this Agreement to Party B according to Article 2. Once Party A hands over the assets to Party B, Party B will acquire the ownership of the acquisition. Thus, Party B has all the right to possess, operate, deposit the acquisition and also has the right to obtain the proceeds from the acquisition.

 

  5.2 If Party B pays the price of acquisition in full according to Article 3.2 in this Agreement, Party A shall hand over the acquisition and all the documents relating to the acquisition which Party B claims reasonably (“the documents”); According to the reasonable claims by Party B, Party A shall provide Party B with all the technical data and technical documents regarding the acquisition.

 

  5.3 Party A is obligated to perform and complete all the relevant procedures for the transfer of the assets, in order to make sure Party B could acquire all the rights of the acquisition when Party B has completed the transaction under Article 5.1.

 

6. Representations, Warrants and Covenants

 

  6.1 Party A represents and guarantees to Party B the followings from the signing date of this Agreement to the Closing Date:

 

  6.1.1 it has full capacity, power and authority (including necessary approvals from government and internal approvals of company) to execute and perform this Agreement hereunder;

 

  6.1.2 this Agreement shall have legal bond to such party upon the execution this Agreement;

 

  6.1.3 no lawsuit, arbitration or other legal or governmental proceeding is pending or, to its knowledge, threatened against or affected to its performance of its obligations under this Agreement;

 

  6.1.4 Party A is the sole legal owner and operator of the Target. Party A has all right and authority to dispose the Target. Not mortgage, pledge, guaranty, lien or any other form of guarantee or mortgage or encumbrance exist in all or part of Target; no agreements or undertakings, which may cause the occurrence of such mortgage, pledge, guaranty, lien or any other form of guaranty or mortgage or encumbrance, and no claims by anyone regarding such mortgage, pledge, guaranty, lien or any other form of guaranty or mortgage or encumbrance.


  6.1.5 The hardware, software and other technology facilities under the Target comply with the standards of product instructions, and there is no logic bomb, virus and other serious problems to the extent of Party A’s knowledge. Party A has established effective routine system to protect it from illegal invasion and virus attack, and took effective measures to backup relevant software and data.

 

  6.1.6 Party A has duly paid up all the taxes and other fees relating to the Target or its procession and operation of the Target in accordance with PRC laws, regulations and rules by relevant governmental authority, and there is no obligation for paying existed or contingent or to be incurred taxes and other fees regarding the Target.

 

  6.1.7 All materials relating to the Target possessed by Party A which may have a material adverse effect on the performance by Party A pursuant to this Agreement, or which may materially affect the intent of Party B to execute this Agreement while disclosing such material to Party B, Party A have disclosed in full to Party B, and all material provided by Party A to Party B are complete, correct and do not contain any false, untrue, or misleading representation.

 

  6.2 Party B represents and warrants to Party A the followings from the signing date of this Agreement to the Closing Date:

 

  6.2.1 it has full capacity, power and authority (including necessary approvals from government and internal approvals of company) to execute and perform this Agreement hereunder;

 

  6.2.2 this Agreement shall have legal bond to such party upon the execution this Agreement;

 

  6.2.3 no lawsuit, arbitration or other legal or governmental proceeding is pending or, to its knowledge, threatened against or affected to its performance of its obligations under this Agreement.

 

  6.3 Party B hereby undertake the followings from the signing date of this Agreement to the Closing Date:

 

  6.3.1 it shall complete the preconditions provided in Clause 4.1 of this Agreement;

 

  6.3.2 it shall deliver the Target and closing documents to Party B, and complete relevant procedures for registration in accordance with Article 5 of this Agreement;


  6.4 Party A further undertakes the followings upon the execution of this Agreement:

 

  6.4.1 it shall not cause any liabilities on the Target, or create any mortgage, pledge, lien or any other form of encumbrance on the Target;

 

  6.4.2 it shall not conduct any actions which are conflicted with the obligation pursuant to this Agreement.

 

  6.5 The breaches of its representations, warranties and covenants under this Agreement by either party would constitute the breach of contract by such party, then the performing Party has the right to requested the defaulting party to provide appropriate remedies and perform this Agreement; and the performing party has the right to request the compensation from the defaulting party for any direct economic damages caused by breach of contract.

 

7. Taxation and Expenses

 

  7.1 The Parties agree that all taxes incurred by each party hereto due to the execution and performance of this Agreement shall be borne by such party according to the relevant provisions of PRC laws and regulations.

 

  7.2 Each party shall afford the expenses relating to this Agreement respectively.

 

8. Breach of Contract

In the event of any breach of contract by either party, such party shall be liable for the liability for breach of contract according to this Agreement and provisions of applicable laws. If more than one party breaches the contract, every party shall be liable for the liability for breach of contract respectively. Notwithstanding the above provisions, neither Party shall be liable to the other Party for any indirect losses or damages in connection with this Agreement.

 

9. Force Majeure

Any event beyond the reasonable control of the Parties which is unforeseen, insurmountable and unavoidable directly prevents the performance of the Agreement by either party, which shall not be deemed as breach of contract. If an event of Force Majeure occurs, a Party affected by such event shall promptly notify the other Party of such event of force majeure and furnish sufficient proof evidencing the occurrence of such event of force majeure.

 

10. Notice

Any notifications or correspondences sent by either Party to the other pursuant to this Agreement shall be in written and shall be sent by courier or via facsimile, and the correspondence by courier service shall be the authentic. If notification,


communication or correspondence pursuant to this Agreement is sent by courier, 7 days after the date of dispatch shall be deemed to have been delivered; if by fax, upon the next day after being sent shall be deemed to have been delivered, and confirmation of transmission report. All the notifications or correspondences shall be delivered to the following address, until one party notifies the other in written for changing the address:

 

Party A:    Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Ltd
   Address: 15F, SOHU Network Tower, No.1 Zhongguancun East
   Road, Haidian District, Beijing
   Post code: 100084
   Attention: Lifan LIU
Party B:    Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
   Address: Room 1197, Building 3, No.3 Xijing Road, Badachu
   Hi-Tech Park, Shijingshan District, Beijing
   Post code: 100041
   Attention: Xuying GUO

 

11. Applicable Law and Dispute Resolution

 

  11.1 This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the PRC laws which has been promulgated and been available in public, but if the promulgated and available PRC laws have no stipulation for the relevant matters, it shall refer to the general international commercial practice.

 

  11.2 If any dispute arises out of or related to this Agreement, the Parties hereto shall firstly settle such dispute through friendly negotiations.

 

  11.3 Should the disputes fail to be settled through negotiations within 60 days after one party notifies the other party of dispute matters, each Party may submit such dispute to the Beijing Arbitration Commission for arbitration in Beijing according to its then applicable arbitration rules. The arbitration award shall be final and binding upon all the Parties.

 

12. Miscellaneous

 

  12.1 This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution of this Agreement by the authorized representatives of the Parties. Any amendment, waiver, cancellation or termination made to any provision of this Agreement shall be in written, which shall take effect upon the execution by the Parties.

 

  12.2

Unless one party of this Agreement agrees, the other party shall not disclose, use or apply any form of information relating to any party and/or this Agreement, including but not limited to the execution and the content of this Agreement. After the termination of this Agreement, the obligations of confidentiality under this Clause shall still be valid. However, this Clause provides herein: (1) not apply to such material or information that one party discloses the confidential data to its affiliated companies, professional consultants and employees, but on this circumstance, one party


 

shall only provide them to persons or entities that are necessary to know them due to reasonable business; (2) shall not prevent any party from issuing or disclosing them in accordance with applicable laws, regulations or the relevant rules of the securities exchange.

 

  12.3 This Agreement hereto constitutes the entire agreement between the Parties hereto with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes any prior intent, representation and understanding, and no modification or revision shall be made without the execution by the authorized representative of Parties in writing.

 

  12.4 The rights and obligations of each party pursuant to this Agreement shall not be transferred.

 

  12.5 To the extent permitted by PRC laws, each Party’s failure to exercise or delay in exercising any right under this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver thereof, and any single or partial exercise of any right shall not preclude the exercise of any other right.

 

  12.6 All provisions of this Agreement are severable. If any provision of this Agreement is judged as invalid, illegal or non-enforceable, and the validity, legality and enforceability of any other provisions of this Agreement hereof shall not be affected or impaired in any way.

 

  12.7 The original copy is in 4 copies; each party holds 2 copies respectively.

 

  12.8 The appendix hereto constitutes an integral part of this Agreement and has the same legal effect with this Agreement.


[The remaining of this page is left blank]

IN WITNESS THEREOF , each of the Parties hereto has caused this Agreement to be executed on the date first set forth above.

Party A: Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd.

(SEAL)

Party B: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

(SEAL)

Exhibit 10.19

English Translation

 

Beijing Sohu New Era Information

Technology Co. Ltd.

(as Transferor)

And

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

(as Transferee)

Asset Transfer Agreement

November 23, 2007


English Translation

 

 

Content

 

1.

   THE TRANSFER OF THE ACQUISITION    3

2.

   CLOSING DATE    3

3.

   THE PRICE OF ACQUISITION AND PAYMENT    3

4.

   PRECONDITIONS    4

5.

   COMPLETION, DELIVERY AND REGISTRATION    4

6.

   REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COVENANTS    4

7.

   TAXATION AND EXPENSES    6

8.

   BREACH OF CONTRACT    6

9.

   FORCE MAJEURE    6

10.

   NOTICE    7

11.

   APPLICABLE LAW AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION    7

12.

   MISCELLANEOUS    7


English Translation

 

 

Asset Transfer Agreement

This Asset Transfer Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into by and between the following Parties on November 23, 2007 in Beijing:

 

(1) Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Party A”), with its registered address at 15F, SOHU Network Tower, No.1 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing and its legal representative, Chaoyang ZHANG; and

 

(2) Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (“Party B”), with its registered address at Room 1209, Building 3, No.3 Xijing Road, Badachu Hi-Tech Park, Shijingshan District, Beijing and its legal representative, Tao WANG.

WHEREAS,

Party A agrees to transfer its assets to Party B, and Party B agrees to accept the assets and its relevant business pursuant to this Agreement.

NOW, THEREFORE , the Parties reach the following agreement through friendly consultation:

 

1. The Transfer of the Acquisition

According to the terms and conditions of this Agreement, Party A agrees to transfer the servers and other assets to Party B at the Closing Date (as defined in Article 2 hereunder), and the detailed asset transfer list is attached to this Agreement: the assets indicated in the list hereinafter shall be referred to as the “Purchase Target”. Party B agrees to accept the Purchase Target from Party A at the Closing Date.

 

2. Closing Date

Party A and Party B shall complete the transaction of transferring all the assets under this Agreement as of November 30, 2007, which shall be the Closing Date.

 

3. The Price of Acquisition and Payment

 

  3.1 The Parties confirm that the total price of the Purchase Target which Party B accepts from Party A is RMB 2,586,589.92 (“Purchase Price”), and the details are referred to in the appendix hereto: Assets Transfer List.

 

  3.2 Party A shall pay Party B the Purchase Price in full within sixty (60) days from the date on which all of the preconditions under Clause 4.1 have been satisfied.


English Translation

 

 

4. Preconditions

 

  4.1 Party B shall pay the Purchase Price after the following conditions are satisfied:

 

  4.1.1 Party A has delivered the Purchase Target to Party B according to the provisions in Article 5 under this Agreement;

 

  4.1.2 Until the due date (the payment date is included), Party A does not violate its statements, representations, warranties and covenants.

 

5. Completion, Delivery and Registration

 

  5.1 The transaction is complete when Party A transfers all of the assets agreed upon under this Agreement to Party B in accordance with Article 2. Once Party A transfers the assets to Party B, Party B will acquire the ownership of the Purchase Target. Thus, Party B has all the rights to possess, operate and deposit the Purchase Target as well as the right to obtain the proceeds from the Purchase Target.

 

  5.2 When Party B pays the Purchase Price in full in accordance with Article 3.2 of this Agreement, Party A shall transfer the Purchase Target and all the documents relating to the acquisition which Party B reasonably requests (“the documents”) at the same time; according to Party B’s reasonable requests, Party A shall provide Party B with all the technical data and technical documents regarding the Purchase Target.

 

  5.3 Party A is obligated to perform and complete all of the relevant procedures for the transfer of the assets, in order to make sure Party B could acquire all the rights of the Purchase Target when Party B has completed the transaction under Article 5.1.

 

6. Representations, Warranties and Covenants

 

  6.1 Party A represents and warrants to Party B the following from the signing date of this Agreement to the Closing Date:

 

  6.1.1 It has full capacity, power and authority (including the necessary approvals from the government and the internal approvals of the company) to execute and perform this Agreement hereunder;

 

  6.1.2 This Agreement is legally binding on Party A upon the execution this Agreement;

 

  6.1.3 No lawsuit, arbitration or other legal or governmental proceeding is pending or, to its knowledge, threatens or affects the performance of Party A’s obligations under this Agreement;

 

  6.1.4

Party A is the sole legal owner and operator of the Purchase Target. Party A has all rights and authorities to dispose the Purchase Target. No mortgage, pledge, guaranty, lien or any other form of guarantee, mortgage or


English Translation

 

 

 

encumbrance exist in all or part on the Purchase Target; no agreements or undertakings, which may cause the occurrence of such mortgage, pledge, guaranty, lien or any other form of guaranty, mortgage or encumbrance, and no claims by anyone regarding such mortgage, pledge, guaranty, lien or any other form of guaranty, mortgage or encumbrance.

 

  6.1.5 The hardware, software and other technology facilities under the Purchase Target comply with the standards of product instruction, and there are no logic bombs, viruses and other serious problems to the extent of Party A’s knowledge. Party A has established an effective routine system to protect it from illegal invasions and virus attacks and has taken effective measures to backup the relevant software and data.

 

  6.1.6 Party A has duly paid up all the taxes and other fees relating to the Purchase Target or its possession and operation of the Purchase Target in accordance with PRC laws, regulations and rules by the relevant governmental authorities, and there is no obligation for paying existing, contingent or future taxes or other fees regarding the Purchase Target.

 

  6.1.7 All materials relating to the Purchase Target possessed by Party A which may have a material adverse effect on the performance of Party A pursuant to this Agreement, or which may materially affect the intent of Party B to execute this Agreement have been disclosed in full to Party B, and all materials provided by Party A to Party B are complete, correct and do not contain any false, untrue or misleading representations.

 

  6.2 Party B represents and warrants to Party A the following from the signing date of this Agreement to the Closing Date:

 

  6.2.1 It has full capacity, power and authority (including the necessary approvals from the government and the internal approvals of the company) to execute and perform this Agreement hereunder;

 

  6.2.2 This Agreement shall be legally binding on Party B upon the execution this Agreement;

 

  6.2.3 No lawsuit, arbitration or other legal or governmental proceeding is pending or, to its knowledge, threatens or affects the performance of Party B’s obligations under this Agreement.

 

  6.3 Party B hereby undertakes the following from the signing date of this Agreement to the Closing Date:

 

  6.3.1 It shall complete the preconditions provided in Clause 4.1 of this Agreement;


English Translation

 

 

  6.3.2 It shall deliver the Purchase Target and closing documents to Party B and complete the relevant procedures for registration in accordance with Article 5 of this Agreement;

 

  6.4 Party A further undertakes the following upon the execution of this Agreement:

 

  6.4.1 It shall not cause any liabilities on the Purchase Target or create any mortgage, pledge, lien or any other form of encumbrance on the Purchase Target;

 

  6.4.2 It shall not conduct any actions which are conflicted with the obligations pursuant to this Agreement.

 

  6.5 A breach of the representations, warranties and covenants under this Agreement by either Party would constitute a breach of contract by such Party. Then the performing Party has the right to request the defaulting Party to provide the appropriate remedies and perform this Agreement; and the performing Party has the right to request compensation from the defaulting Party for any direct economic damages caused by the breach of contract.

 

7. Taxation and Expenses

 

  7.1 The Parties agree that all taxes incurred by each Party hereto due to the execution and performance of this Agreement shall be borne by such Party according to the relevant provisions of the PRC laws and regulations.

 

  7.2 Each Party shall pay their respective expenses related to this Agreement.

 

8. Breach of Contract

In the event of any breach of contract by either Party, such Party shall be responsible for the liability arising from the breach of contract according to this Agreement and the provisions of applicable laws. If more than one Party breaches the contract, every Party shall be responsible for the liability arising from the breach of contract respectively. Notwithstanding the above provisions, neither Party shall be responsible to the other Party for any indirect losses or damages in connection with this Agreement.

 

9. Force Majeure

Any event beyond the reasonable control of the Parties which is unforeseen, insurmountable and unavoidable and directly prevents the performance of the Agreement by either Party shall not be deemed as a breach of contract. If a Force Majeure event occurs, the Party affected by such event shall promptly notify the other Party of such event of force majeure and furnish sufficient proof evidencing the occurrence of such event of force majeure.


English Translation

 

 

10. Notice

Any notifications or correspondences sent by either Party to the other pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be sent by courier or via facsimile, and the correspondence by the courier service shall be deemed the authentic document. If notification, communication or correspondence pursuant to this Agreement is sent by the courier, it shall be deemed to have been delivered seven (7) days after the date of dispatch; if by fax, it shall be deemed to have been delivered upon the next day after being sent with the transmission report as the delivery confirmation. All the notifications or correspondences shall be delivered to the following addresses, until one Party notifies the other in writing of a change in address:

 

Party A:    Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Ltd
   Address: 15F, SOHU Network Tower, No.1 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing
   Postal code: 100084
   Attention: Lifan LIU
Party B:    Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
   Address: Room 1197, Building 3, No.3 Xijing Road, Badachu Hi-Tech Park, Shijingshan District, Beijing
   Postal code: 100041
   Attention: Xuying GUO

 

11. Applicable Law and Dispute Resolution

 

  11.1 This Agreement shall be governed by and construed under the PRC laws which have been promulgated and been available in the public, but if the promulgated and available PRC laws have no stipulation for the relevant matters of this Agreement, the Parties shall consult the general international commercial practice.

 

  11.2 If any dispute arise out of or is related to this Agreement, the Parties hereto shall firstly settle such dispute through friendly negotiations.

 

  11.3 Should the disputes fail to be settled through negotiations within sixty (60) days after one Party notifies the other Party of the disputed matters, each Party may submit such dispute to the Beijing Arbitration Commission for arbitration in Beijing according to its then applicable arbitration rules. The arbitration award shall be final and binding upon all the Parties.

 

12. Miscellaneous

 

  12.1 This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution of this Agreement by the authorized representatives of the Parties. Any amendment, waiver, cancellation or termination made to any provision of this Agreement shall be in writing, which shall take effect upon the execution by the Parties.


English Translation

 

 

  12.2 Unless one Party of this Agreement agrees, the other Party shall not disclose, use or apply any form of information relating to any Party and/or this Agreement, including but not limited to the execution and the content of this Agreement. After the termination of this Agreement, the obligations of confidentiality under this Clause shall still be valid. However, this Clause provided herein: (1) does not apply to confidential information that one Party discloses to its affiliated companies, professional consultants and employees, but in such circumstances, one Party shall only provide the information to persons or entities that must know the information for reasonable business reasons; (2) shall not prevent any Party from issuing or disclosing the information in accordance with the applicable laws, regulations or the relevant rules of the securities exchange.

 

  12.3 This Agreement hereto constitutes the entire Agreement between the Parties hereto with respect to the subject matter of this Agreement, and supersedes any prior intent, representation and understanding, and no modification or revision shall be made without the execution by the authorized representative of the Parties in writing.

 

  12.4 The rights and obligations of each Party pursuant to this Agreement shall not be transferred.

 

  12.5 To the extent permitted by PRC laws, each Party’s failure to exercise or delay in exercising any right under this Agreement shall not operate as a waiver thereof, and any single or partial exercise of any right shall not preclude the exercise of any other right.

 

  12.6 All provisions of this Agreement are severable. If any provision of this Agreement is judged as invalid, illegal or non-enforceable, the validity, legality and enforceability of any other provisions of this Agreement hereof shall not be affected or impaired in any way.

 

  12.7 The original copy is in four (4) copies; each Party holds two (2) copies respectively.

 

  12.8 The appendix hereto constitutes an integral part of this Agreement and has the same legal effect as this Agreement.

[The remaining of this page is left blank]


English Translation

 

 

IN WITNESS THEREOF , each of the Parties hereto has caused this Agreement to

be executed on the date first set forth above.

Party A: Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd.

(SEAL)

Party B: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

(SEAL)

Exhibit 10.20

English Translation

 

Service Transfer Agreement

 

Party A: Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd.

 

Party B: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Whereas:

 

  1. Party A and Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. entered into a Tian Long Ba Bu (“TLBB”) Online Game Testing Operation Cooperation Agreement (No. 07-GNL-0647) (“Operation Agreement”) from May 1, 2007 to November 30, 2007 (“Testing Operation Term”). To perform the Operation Agreement, Party A shall provide the relevant game operation and maintenance services to game users. At the same time, Party A, through sales of prepaid cards, has collected the service fees paid by the game users.

 

  2. Party B and Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. entered into a Technology Transfer Agreement (No. 07-FIN-0601) regarding the online game of TLBB on November 10, 2007, pursuant to which Party B would replace Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. to become the copyright owner of the TLBB online game software and obtain all the rights on the TLBB online game including its software operation revenue. Party B decided to solely operate the TLBB online game as of December 1, 2007.

 

  3. Some of prepaid cards purchased by the game users before November 30, 2007 have not been used in full before November 30, 2007.

To maintain the game users’ interests in the TLBB online game during the Test Operation Term, Party A and Party B, after consultation, agree as follows:

 

  1. From December 1, 2007, Party B shall continue providing services to TLBB online game users who have already been developed by Party A. The quality and service level shall be no lower than that of Party A’s prior practice.

 

  2. Party B commits that the prepaid cards purchased by game users from Party A before November 30, 2007 shall still be effective and be used in the TLBB online game or other online games operated by Party B after December 1, 2007.

 

  3. In consideration of Party B’s commitment under Article 2 of this Agreement, Party A agrees to pay the following compensation to Party B to ensure that Party B has sufficient funds to service the online game users developed by Party A during the Test Operation Term after December 1, 2007:

 

  (1) As of November 30, 2007, the amount in RMB corresponding to the remaining uncharged points in prepaid cards sold by Party A;


English Translation

 

 

  (2) As of November 30, 2007, the amount in RMB corresponding to the Yuanbao exchanged by game users from points of prepaid cards, which have not been used to purchase the virtual items;

 

  (3) As of November 30, 2007, the amount in RMB corresponding to the virtual items purchased by game users which are still in effective terms. However, the value of the virtual items shall be determined by the ratio between the remaining term after November 30, 2007, and its whole effective term. The term for a permanent item shall be six (6) months as its whole effective term; and

 

  (4) The amount in RMB corresponding to the above points, Yuanbao and virtual items shall be determined by the standard price deducted by the channel costs and business taxes.

 

  4. Party A shall pay to Party B a transfer service compensation in the amount of RMB 46,815,931.52 in accordance with Article 2 of this Agreement within six (6) months after the effective date of this Agreement.

 

  5. This Agreement shall take effect upon the execution by the Parties; this Agreement shall have four (4) original copies, each Party shall hold two (2) copies.

 

  6. Any dispute arising out of this Agreement shall be settled by amicable consultations. If the dispute could not be settled through consultation, either Party may submit the dispute to a jurisdictional People’s Court in China.

Party A: Beijing Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd.

(Seal)

Party B Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

(Seal)

Exhibit 10.21

English Translation

Technology Transfer Agreement

Project: Copyright Transfer of Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game Software v1.0

Transferee (Party A): Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Transferor (Party B): Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Place of Signing: Haidian District, Beijing

Date of Signing: November 10, 2007

Effective Term: from November 10, 2007 to December 31, 2007


English Translation

 

According to the Contract Law of the People’s Republic of China , the Parties hereto enter into this contract regarding the copyright transfer of Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game Software v1.0 (the Registration Number of Computer Software Copyright: 2006SRBJ0800) after friendly consultations.

 

I. The Content, Requirements and the Industrialization Development of Non-patent Technology:

 

  (1) Technology Content

The Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game is recomposed based upon the martial arts novels authorized by Mr. Louis Cha. The Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game is a domestic online game with complete 2.5D figures and scenes all based upon independent research and development. The content of the game is healthy and uplifting with the distinct characteristics of the local culture.

<Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game Software v1.0> applied the scene editor especially developed by Party B which makes art and planning perfectly visible while designing the game. According to the nature of the three-dimensional characters in the Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game, Party B has also developed all sorts of export plug-ins of data models, which make the actions of the game figures more smooth, realistic and colorful. In addition, the database of the software has applied cross-platform development, which could be used on either MySQL of Linux or SQL-Server of Windows and could be accessed through the ODBC connection layer.

 

  (2) Technology Requirements

 

  i. High Efficient 3D Rendering Engine: The software adopts China’s leading 3D engine FairyLib, which can efficiently deal with all kinds of 3D and support bone action, flexible terms, physical simulation, weather changes and so on, and bring the wonderful screens to the users.

 

  ii. Asymmetric Encryption Exchange Technology: The software with asymmetric encryption exchange technology and the encryption of the game’s messages with asymmetric exchange technology can prevent third parties from intercepting the software and decrypting the game data package, which can protect the security of the messages.

 

  iii. Distributed Game Server Platform: The server program is calculated in a distributed manner, and the different scene maps are operated on different servers, which improve the efficiency of the game’s operation. The server program can support tens of thousands of concurrent online users on a single server and provide good service quality to the users.


English Translation

 

  iv. Cross-platform Game System: The software under the cross-platform network engine of Party B can cause a single server to deal with thousands of connections, to effectively solve the problems of cross-platform and to make the software operate stably either on the Windows system or the Linux system. The database could either use the SQL-Server of Windows as its database system or MySQL of Linux as its database system.

 

  v. Efficient Script Engine: The script engine of Party B based on the “lua” data model would make all kinds of tasks and special functions of the server development more flexible and efficient.

For the functional requirements of the software projects under this Contract and the detailed technology requirements and standards, Party B shall provide the technology materials to Party A due to the confidentiality of such information.

 

  (3) The Degree of Industrialization Development of the Technology

 

  i. The Advantages of Company Technology

The engine of the cross-platform network allows Party B to use a single server to deal with thousands of connections, and the script engine of Party B based on the “lua” data model makes all kinds of tasks for developing servers more flexible and efficient.

All of the above technologies are at its leading level domestically in China.

 

  ii. Industry Overview of Online Game

There are many differences between the online game industry and other industries. The most prominent point is that the online game industry is an industrial chain composed of research, operation, media and users together. The main line of the online game industrial chain is online game developers, online game operators, channel vendors, telecom operators and users. Among these lines, the online game operators who will directly face upstream developers and the downstream selling channels and users are the core of the whole industrial chain. The auxiliary line of online game industrial chain involves IT games, manufacturing, game industry and the


English Translation

 

exhibition industry; these rich industrial chains are mutually related to each other. Following the development of the online game standards, the relevant industries obtained huge commercial opportunities, especially in the telecom and IT game industry.

In addition, other than Kingsoft, Shanda, Netease and Object Software presently in China, there are other producers (or game operator) with great abilities of developing online games, like Suzhou Snail, Fire Fox Digital, Pixel Software; some of which develop and operate the game at the same time. Independent research and development is the essential way to develop the national game industry. Although domestic games are limited due to the consciousness, culture and experience at present, research and development will be increasingly emphasized due to the demand for market and industry development.

 

II. Technology Information and Documents and the Delivery Date, Place and Method:

 

  (1) Party B shall provide the following technology materials in an electronic version from the office of Party B to Party A within forty (40) days after the effective date of this Contract.

 

  i. <Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game Software v1.0> Programming source code and CD-ROM data;

 

  ii. <Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game Software v1.0> Documentation (the components of software and technology programs, etc.);

 

  iii. <Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game Software v1.0> User’s manual (software installation method, terms of use, troubleshooting and attentions, etc.).

 

  (2) During the term of this Contract, Party B shall assist Party A to transact the procedures for the copyright transfer of <Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game Software v1.0>. If the procedures for the copyright transfer cannot be completed timely due to reasons with the relevant authorities, both Parties may enter a supplementary agreement to extend the period.

 

III. The Scope of Technology Secrets and Confidentiality Period:

From the date on which Party A issues Party B the certificate of acceptance and compliance regarding the technology projects hereunder, it shall be deemed that the entire copyright of <Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game Software v1.0> owned by Party B


English Translation

 

has been fully transferred to Party A. During the term of this Contract and the confidentiality period agreed by both Parties, both Parties shall comply with the obligations of confidentiality and shall be liable for breach of contract:

 

  (1) No relevant technology content shall be disclosed without the consent of Party A.

 

  (2) When Party B provides confidential information to Party A, if provided in a written form, the information shall be marked “confidential”. If provided in an oral or visual form, Party B shall notify Party A that the information is confidential and confirm in writing within five (5) days after the notification, which shall indicate that the information provided is confidential.

 

  (3) Confidential information can only be known by the relevant principals or employees of both Parties with respect to the transfer of the copyright under this Contract. Before the confidential information is known by such personnel of both Parties, either Party shall notify its own personnel concerning the confidentiality of the information and their relevant obligations, guarantee such personnel accept to be bound by this Contract in writing and ensure that such personnel be responsible to maintain a level of confidentiality no less than that as specified under this Contract.

 

  (4) Party A shall keep the confidential information provided by Party B properly. Party B shall not be liable for the disclosure of technology secrets by upgrading the software or technology maintenance by Party A together with a third party after obtaining the copyright.

 

  (5) The confidentiality period of this Contract involving relevant technology content is from October 10, 2007 to December 31, 2012.

 

  (6) The failure to comply with the confidentiality obligations shall be deemed as a breach of contract by Party B under this Contract, and Party B shall be liable for such breach of contract in accordance with PRC Contract Law, as well as the liquidated damages for such breach and Party A’s damages as a result of such breach in accordance with the provisions of this Contract.

 

IV. Geographical Scope and Manner to Use Non-patent Technology:

Party A: (1) After this transfer, Party A has the complete copyright of <Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game Software v1.0>. (2) The technology transferred from Party B to Party A shall be kept confidential with respect to third parties and shall not be


English Translation

 

disseminated or transferred. However, after obtaining the copyright, Party A has the right to invite a third party (either Party B or other persons) to develop or upgrade the follow-up version without the confidentiality restrictions.

Party B: After this transfer, Party B no longer has any rights to the copyright of <Tian Long Ba Bu Online Game Software v1.0>.

 

V. Acceptance Criteria and Methods:

If the technology projects under this Contract as used by Party A during its trial operation achieve the technical content and requirements as set out in Article I of this Contract within fifteen (15) days, Party A shall provide the certificate for acceptance and compliance in an electronic file in accordance with the standards agreed upon by both Parties.

 

VI. Fees and Payment:

 

  (1) Total amount agreed upon: RMB 87,263,800,

The technology transaction amount included: RMB 87,263,800.

 

  (2) The payment method (Please choose method  )

 

   One-time payment: RMB 87,263,800; Payment Time: Party A shall pay to Party B within sixty (60) business days upon the certificate for acceptance and compliance for the technology projects.

 

  Installments:     —    

 

  ƒ Revenue Sharing:     —    

 

  Turnover Share:     —    

 

  Other Methods:     —    

 

VII. Calculation Method of Compensation and Liquidated Damagers:

If a Party breaches this Contract, the defaulting Party shall be liable for breach of contract in accordance with PRC Contract Law.

 

  (1) Party B shall be liable for breach of contract for violating Article II of this Contract and shall be required to take remedial measures and/or pay liquidated damages as follows:

If Party B fails to deliver the required technical materials to Party A in accordance with the place, time and method hereunder, it shall pay to Party A liquidated damages in the amount equal to of 5% of the technology transfer fees.


English Translation

 

  (2) Party B shall be liable for breach of contract for violating Article III and Article IV of this Contract and shall be required to take remedial measures and/or pay liquidated damages as follows:

During the term of this Contract and the confidentiality period as agreed upon by both Parties, if Party B disseminates or transfers the technology of Party A to a third party without the consent of Party A, it shall return the technology transfer fees in total and be liable for liquidated damages in the amount equal to 100% of the technology transfer fees.

 

  (3) Party B shall be liable for breach of contract for violating Article V of this Contract and shall be required to take remedial measures and/or pay liquidated damages as follows:

Where the technology provided to Party A by Party B hereunder fails to satisfy the technical content and requirements as indicated in Article I of this Contract, Party B shall timely correct and improve it; where the technology still fails to satisfy the technical content and requirements in Article I of this Contract after its correction and improvement, Party B shall pay to Party A liquidated damages in the amount equal to 10% of the technology transfer fees and the damages incurred by Party A.

 

  (4) Party A shall be liable for breach of contract for violating the Article VI of this Contract and shall be required to take remedial measures and/or pay liquidated damages as follows:

If Party A fails to pay the technology transfer fees to Party B in accordance with the time and the quantity hereunder, Party A shall pay liquidated damages in the amount determined in accordance with the rules of deferred payment as stipulated by the bank.

 

VIII. Contents of Technology Guidance (including guidance place, manner and fees):

 

  (1) Party B shall provide technology guidance to the technical and management personnel of Party A in two aspects:

 

  i. Application guidance—the provision of instruction with respect to the usage and maintenance of the software program under this Contract. Party B shall provide free of charge the application guidance, for a week at Party B’s office from the effective date of this Contract, to Party A to ensure that Party A’s technical personnel are proficient in using and maintaining the software program.


English Translation

 

  ii. Management guidance—provision of instruction to Party A’s relevant management personnel with respect to the technology framework and the development of the software program and the game’s operation under this Contract. The management guidance shall be provided free of charge, at Party B’ office for one day, within one week from the effective date of this Contract, to the management personnel called by Party A.

 

  (2) Party B shall provide guidance to Party A based on the content, place and manner described in this Contract. If Party B proposes any change, it shall issue a written notice and bear all fees and expenses incurred by such change.

 

IX. Provision and Share of Follow-up Improvement:

Follow-up improvement hereunder means any innovation and improvement to the technological achievement during the effective period of this Contract made by each Party or both Parties.

Both Parties hereby agrees that the follow-up improvement shall be accomplished by Party A or the third party appointed by Party A and the achievement of the follow-up improvement shall belong to Party A.

 

X. Settlement of Disputes:

Any dispute arising out of the performance of this Contract shall be settled by both Parties through friendly consultations. Should such disputes fail to be settled through negotiations or consultations; the Parties agree to take one of the following methods to settle such dispute:

 

  (1) Arbitration at the Beijing Arbitration Commission

 

  (2) Litigation at     —     the People’s Court

 Defendant’s Place Performance Place of Contract ƒ Singing Place of Contract Plaintiff’s Place Place of Dispute Target


English Translation

 

XI. Interpretation and Definitions:

All terms and definitions hereunder are set forth below:

 

  (1) FairyLib means an efficient and complete 3D engine. It can give materials and texture to objects, compute degrees of brightness and shadows according to the set scene. Based on that, a complete picture or a piece of cartoon will be produced by the program.

 

  (2) Asymmetric Encryption Exchange Technology means the different encryption algorithms applicable for both encryption and decryption, also known as a public-private key cryptography. Common encryption algorithms include RSA, ECC (for mobile devices), Diffie-Hellman, El Gammal and DSA (for digital signature).

 

  (3) Distributed Calculation means a type of computer science, which researches how to divide a huge calculation into small parts, to calculate the small parts and then, at last, to calculate such results collectively.

 

  (4) Cross-platform Game System means the game program written of such system on the platform and is also applicable to other platforms.

 

  (5) Script Engine means a computer programming language interpreter, whose function is to interpret the programming text of users, translate such text into machinery code executable by computers and to complete a series of functions.

 

XII. Miscellaneous:

 

  (1) Term of Contract

 

  i. Payment Date: After Party B completes the delivery of the technology information in accordance with Article II of this Contract and Party A completes the check and acceptance as specified under Article V of this Contract, Party A shall make an one-time payment of the total amount within sixty (60) business days upon the completion of the check and acceptance.

 

  ii. The Confidentiality Term shall comply with Clause (5) under Article III of this Contract.

 

  (2) Any supplementary agreement for the pending matters shall be made in writing by both Parties and shall have same legal effect as the Contract.


English Translation

 

  (3) The Contract is made in four (4) original copies. Each Party holds two (2) original copies respectively. This Contract becomes effective upon its execution.

[No Text Below]


English Translation

 

Transferee (Party A): Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Seal)

Authorized Representative: Tao WANG (Seal)

Address: Room 1197, Building 3, No.3 Xijing Road, Badachu Hi-Tech Park, Shijingshan District, Beijing

Transferor (Party B): Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Seal)

Authorized Representative: Chaoyang ZHANG (Seal)

Address: Room 5, Floor 10, SOHO Network Plaza, No.9 Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing

Exhibit 10.22

English Translation

 

Trademark Assignment Agreement

Transferor: Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Party A)

Transferee: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Party B)

According to Article 39 of the Trademark Law of the People’s Republic of China and Article 25 of the Implementation Rules of the Trademark Law , based on the principles of equality, voluntary and good faith, Party A and Party B entered into this Trademark Assignment Agreement through friendly consultations.

 

I. Name of the Transferred Trademarks: “ LOGO (Tian Long Ba Bu)” and “ LOGO online (Tian Long Ba Bu online)”

 

II. Trademark Pattern: (Please refer to the Appendix: Trademark Pattern)

 

III. Preliminary Approval Number of Trademarks:

Application Number of “ LOGO (Tian Long Ba Bu)”: 4766643; Nationality: Mainland China

Application Number of “ LOGO online (Tian Long Ba Bu online)”: 4766644; Nationality: Mainland China

 

IV. Trademark Assignment Fees: The Transferee shall pay to the Transferor trademark assignment fees for the transferred trademark in the amount of RMB 1,311,600.

 

V. The category of the product types and services and the production or services applied to the registration of the trademarks shall include the following:

Education, Training, Organization of Competition (Education or Entertainment), Organization of Performance (Show), Provision of Online Electronic Publication (Not For Downloading), Production of Performance, Program, Video and Entertainment Information (Pastime), and (Computer Network) Provision of Online Game.

 

VI. The Transferor guarantees that it is the registered owner of all of the above trademarks. Before the execution of this Agreement, the Transferor has not entered into any trademark license agreements to license nonexclusively (or exclusively) such trademarks.

 

VII. After the assignment of the trademarks, the Transferee has the exclusive rights to such trademarks.

 

  (1) The product’s type as applied to the above trademarks (or the category or name of service): Category 41


English Translation

 

 

  (2) The geographical scope applied to the above trademarks: Mainland China

 

VIII. Nature of Trademark Transfer: (Please make a choice below)

 

  (1) Permanent Transfer of Trademark (YES);

 

  (2) Non-permanent Transfer of Trademark (        ).

 

IX. Time of Trademark Transfer: Upon the effective date of this Agreement or after the formalities for changing the registrations of the trademarks are completed, the trademark shall be officially transferred to and owned by the Transferee.

 

X. Transfer Formalities Upon the Effectiveness of the Trademark Assignment Agreement: After the Trademark Assignment Agreement takes effect, Party A (or Party B) shall transact the formalities for changing the registered owner, and the required expenses shall be borne by the Transferee.

 

XI. Guarantee of the Product’s Quality: The Transferor requests the Transferee to guarantee that the quality of the products displaying the trademarks shall not be lower than that of the Transferor’s previous product standard, and the Transferor shall provide a sample of products to the Transferee and provide the technical guidance or know-hows of such products (a technology transfer agreement may be executed separately). The Transferor could also provide the products’ manual, packages and maintenance methods, and, if necessary, shall provide a list of clients who purchased the products frequently. In the event of a non-permanent transfer, the Transferor could supervise the production of the Transferee’s products and has the right to inspect the production and product quality of the Transferee.

 

XII. Both Parties shall covenant to keep the secrets of the other Party’s production and operation confidential. During the term of the Agreement and thereafter, the Transferee shall not disclose the technical and trade secrets provided by the Transferor for the purpose of transferring the trademarks.

 

XIII. The Transferor shall guarantee that the transferred trademark is a valid trademark, and there are no third parties’ interests on such trademark.

 

XIV. The Transferor guarantees that, during the effective period of the Agreement, it shall not operate any products with the same or similar trademark in the registered area or engage in any other competitive activities regarding the production and sale of such products.


English Translation

 

 

XV. Both Parties’ Liabilities for Breach of Contract

 

  (1) Should the Transferor breach the provision of this Agreement, after the execution of this Agreement and continue to use the trademarks on its products, the Transferor should stop using the trademarks and should bear the indemnification liabilities.

 

  (2) During the term of this Agreement, if the Transferee discloses the technical and trade secrets provided by the Transferor for transferring the trademarks, the Transferor has the right to refuse to deliver the ownership of the trademarks and could notify the Transferee of its intent to terminate the Agreement.

 

  (3) If the Transferee cannot pay the trademark transfer fees in full, the Transferee shall, as for any outstanding amount unpaid, pay the penalty at a rate of 3% per day.

 

XVI. Settlement of Disputes: If any dispute arises out of or is related to this Agreement, the Parties hereto shall firstly settle such dispute through friendly negotiations. Should such dispute fail to settle through negotiations, each Party may submit such dispute to the China International Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission for arbitration, and the arbitration shall take place in Beijing. The arbitration award shall be final and binding upon both Parties.

 

XVII. This Agreement shall take effect upon its execution. This Agreement is made in two (2) original copies, and each Party holds one (1) original copy. However, if the application for transferring the registered trademark is not approved by the Trademark Office, this Agreement would become invalid automatically, and each Party shall undertake their liabilities respectively.

[No Text Below]


English Translation

 

 

Place of Signing: Beijing

Time of Signing: November 28, 2007

Transferor: Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (SEAL)

Address: 8/F, SOHU Network Plaza, No.1 of Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing

Transferee: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (SEAL)

Address: 2-5/F, East Wing of Beijing Jingyan Hotel, No.29 of Shingjingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing

Exhibit 10.23

Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

GAME LICENSE AGREEMENT

BY and BETWEEN

Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd.

Beijing Huohu Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

AND

FPT Telecom

FOR

“Tian Long Ba Bu”

March 30, 2007


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

GAME LICENSE AGREEMENT

This Agreement is entered into as of March 30, 2007, between the following two parties (each a “Party” and together the “Parties”).

 

1. Licensor:    Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd. and its affiliate Beijing Huohu Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter collectively referred to as the “Licensor”), having its principal office at Sohu.com Internet Plaza, No.1 Park, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R. China.
2. Licensee:    FPT Telecom and its affiliates (hereinafter referred to as the “Licensee”), having its principal office at 48 Van Bao, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam.

Whereas:

(A) The Licensor has developed and enhanced client and server software technology and has the right to service the Vietnamese version of “Tian Long Ba Bu” (hereinafter referred to as the “Product”).

(B) The Licensor desires to increase its awareness, gain shares, and derive revenues from a potential global market.

(C) The Licensee desires to operate, promote, publish, produce, use, sell, and service the Product in the Territory.

(D) The Licensor grants to the licensee the permission to service, market, promote, and use all of the Product and trademarks, logo and any other related Intellectual Property Rights as permitted by Licensor case by case in the Territory as described in the Agreement hereinafter.

Now it is hereby mutually agreed as follows:

 

1. DEFINITIONS:

The following words in this Agreement shall have the following meaning.

“Licensor” shall mean Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd.

“Licensee” shall mean FPT Telecom.

“License Fee” shall mean the required payment paid to the Licensor according to clause 3.3.

“Character Business” shall mean all commercial activities using the characters of the Product.

“Days” shall mean working days from Monday through Friday, not including Saturday and Sunday and any other national holidays.

“Delivery” shall mean the physical or electronic delivery (as may be appropriate) of the required materials by the Delivery Date for the service of “Tian Long Ba Bu”.

“Delivery Date” shall mean the date fixed by the two Parties as stated in Clause 3.2


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

“Documentation” shall mean the documentation and operating instructions for the Product, and the Upgrades thereto as provided by Licensor in its sole discretion.

“Error” shall mean a serious defect in the Product during this agreement term including but not limited to:

(a) Inability to perform repeatedly without interruptions, loss of data, or erroneously or improperly formatted output;

(b) All viruses.

“Product” is defined as the online game called Tian Long Ba Bu and includes all rights necessary to commercially use the Product in the Territory. The Product shall be secure and in acceptable working order for Vietnam and shall mean the Close Beta version, Open Beta version, Commercial version, Documentation and those Upgrades as selected by Licensor of the part of “Tian Long Ba Bu” in object code form that is designed to be serviced in Vietnam

“Rights” shall mean the rights stated in Clause 1.

“Gross Sales Revenue” shall mean the revenue as described in Clause 4.3

“Sales channel costs” shall mean the amount as described in Clause 4.5 paid to Licensee to cover the costs for operation, promotion, sale and distribution of the Product.

“Term” shall mean the period set forth in Clause 11 of this Agreement.

“Upgrade” and “Upgrades” shall mean one or more upgrades, updates, enhancements, error corrections, new releases, bug fixes, patches and other modifications to software or documentation that are permitted and provided by Licensor to Licensee.

“Virus” shall mean a computer program which can copy itself to other storage mediums, including but not limited to magnetic tape cassettes, memory chips, electronic cartridges, optical discs, and magnetic discs, to destroy its data and cause damages to the user’s files and /or create a nuisance or annoyance to the user.

“Territory” shall mean the Vietnam.

 

2. GRANT OF RIGHTS.

 

2.1 In consideration to the payments mentioned hereinafter, and according to the provisions of this Agreement, the Licensor hereby grants to the Licensee the sole and exclusive right to operate, promote, publish, produce, sell, and service the Product in the Territory.

 

2.2 To avoid uncertainty, the licensor allows the Licensee to carry out the Character business for commercial purpose.

 

2.3 Licensee has right to choose its own strategy to operate, promote, publish, produce, sell and service the product in the Territory.

 

2.4 Licensee has right to use the characters of this Product to do necessary promotion usage.

 

3. TERM AND LICENSEE FEE

 

3.1 Term: This Agreement shall be effective from the signing date of this Agreement and shall terminate at the same date of commercialization termination.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

3.2 Timetable:

 

  3.2.1 Game Text of the Product shall be delivered by Licensor within two weeks after signing this Agreement to Licensee for translating into Vietnamese. The Licensee shall provide Licensor the translated Vietnamese version of the above mentioned text before April 15, 2007.

 

  3.2.2 After the Licensor gets the full version of translated Vietnamese version of the above mentioned text, the Licensor shall provide the Licensee the close beta version within one month and the open beta within two month. The Licensee ensures that the close beta testing will be within 2 months from its delivery date and open beta testing will be within 1 month from its delivery date in Vietnam.

 

  3.2.3 Product commercialization is effective from the first date of commercialization and remains effective for 2 years thereafter.

 

3.3 License Fee:

In consideration of the license granted by Sohu, FPT will pay the Licensor the following:

 

  3.3.1 The amount of    *    , net of any taxes outside of P. R. China shall be paid as follows:

The payment will be made regarding the following deployment process

1 st Payment:    *    within 7 days after signing this Agreement;

2 nd Payment:    *    within 7 days after starting Open Beta of the Product;

3 rd Payment:    *    within 7 days after starting Commercial Services of the Product;

 

  3.3.2 The amount of    *    , net of any taxes outside of P. R. China within 7 days therefrom, provided that the total amount of the peak concurrent users in any 3 days of any successive 7 days within 6 months from the beginning of the Open Beta testing of the Product hits    *    ;

 

  3.3.3     *    of the above fee will be used by Licensor as development and service fee for the second and third quarters of 2007, including but not limited to business affairs, staff cost for development, business trip and so on.

 

  3.3.4 The Licensee is responsible for all taxes outside of P.R. China. The Licensor shall pay withholding tax on its license fee income.

 

3.4 If the Product has fatal problem and delay to conduct commercial service in Vietnam, Licensor and Licensee will cooperate to solve the problems.

 

3.5 Licensee provides licensor the officially withholding tax payment return together with the payment.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

4. LICENSOR’S OBLIGATIONS

 

4.1 In order for the Licensee to operate localized version:

 

  4.1.1 The Licensor shall provide enough technical training to ensure the Licensee has the ability to establish the infrastructure, as well as start and maintain the service for commercial operation before .

 

  4.1.2 The Licensor shall also:

 

  4.1.2.1 Take into account all reasonable requests and requirements set forth by the Licensee.

 

  4.1.2.2 Fix any material bugs and Errors in the Product, in a timely manner including the provision of patches in respect of consistence to the Product’s specification.

 

  4.1.2.3 At the request by the Licensee, Licensor may, in its sole discretion, modify the software in order to incorporate jointly approved new features and provide an Upgrade to the Licensee. To avoid any doubt and misunderstanding, all the cost in relation to any upgrade development shall be borne by the Licensor.

 

  4.1.2.4 Send its technicians to assist the Licensee in setting up and upgrade the server components, and send & install the client software of product according to the quality assurance process, in which to help the Licensee set up the product server.

 

  4.1.2.5 Ask Licensee compensation when Licensee does illegal behavior of user database.

 

  4.1.2.6 Work with Licensee on further development plan in consideration of the actual favors of Vietnamese players after bilateral discussion and confirmation.

 

  4.1.2.7 Ensure the information for product server client requirements and program context is protected and safeguarded from showing away to any third party.

 

  4.1.3 The Licensor shall also:

(a) Warrants to the Licensee that it shall quietly and peacefully, enjoy and possess its rights during the Term. However, (b) in the event of, including but not limited to, Agreement breach and/or non-payment attributable to the Licensee except where the Licensor breached this agreement, changing of illegal User’s Database and Billing System without notice to Licensor, the Licensor reserves the rights to terminate the license after 10 business days advanced written notice to the Licensee on the condition that both parties cannot reach an agreement on solving the above issues during these period. Subject to receipt of the due payments, deliver the Product to Licensee, free and clear of all third party claims and rights other than those that had been approved by the Licensor in writing and obtain the necessary consents and license to enable the Licensee to exercise its rights.

 

  4.1.4 Licensor shall provide Billing System or give support if Licensee prefers to build the billing system by itself.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

  4.1.5 Licensor shall have the right of using the user’s Database and Billing database related to this Product during the service period in the Territory.

 

5. LICENSEE’S OBLIGATIONS.

 

5.1 According to Clause 2.3, the License fee shall be paid in cash or by wire transfer.

 

5.2 Translate the original Product from simplified Chinese to Vietnamese. Licensor has right to evaluate and assist the quality of the translated Product. If the quality is not suitable for the current market, Licensee shall correct it timely upon Licensor’s request and pay all fees related thereto.

 

5.3 Profits Sharing paid to Licensor is    *    of Net Sales Revenue, which is calculated as the following formula:

Net Sale Revenue = (Gross Sales Revenue – 10% Government’s Value Added Tax) – Sales Channel Cost

“Gross Sales Revenue” shall mean the amount acquired by Licensee in the distribution of cards, cash collection, CD Rom’s and Product promotional items of the Product in the Territory from the date of commencement of Commercial Services, where it shall mean the amount of the actual retail price (or the face value of the pre-paid cards) paid by End Users and multiplied by the number of sales (“Number of Sales”) made before the deduction of relevant value added taxes and distribution margin. Number of Sales above mentioned shall be defined as the total amount of sales actually occurred in a given month.

For example, if Licensee sells 5,000 point cards in January, Gross Sales Revenue in January is the total amount of 5,000 point cards multiplied by retail price (or the face value of the pre-paid cards)

i.e. Actual Retail Price x Number of Sales = Gross Sales Revenue

 

  5.3.1 Licensee is responsible for all taxes outside P. R. China. Licensee shall pay all the Sales, value added Tax and other taxes required in the Territory. Licensor shall pay withholding tax on its profit sharing amount.

 

  5.3.2 Licensee provides licensor the Officially Withholding tax payment return together with the payment.

 

5.4 The Licensee shall pay Profit Sharing from the first month when the Product starts commercial launch, or revenue generated from selling prepaid cards to end users begins, within 60 days from the first month end and within 30 days from the month end after the second month based on all the related regulations in Vietnam.

 

5.5 Sales Channel Cost should be    *    of the gross sales revenue.

 

5.6 Billing System shall follow the Licensor’s System.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

However when Licensee has its own Billing System (including sales record of prepaid cards, record of opening prepaid cards and points consumed record in a given month) for the authorized market, Licensee shall open the structure of Billing System to Licensor to check it and modify the program with Licensee’s consent. Licensee shall provide Licensor accounts of background statistic platform to check data of opening cards.

 

5.7 Licensee shall cost for all servers and database software purchase.

 

5.8 Licensee shall cost for IDC and Bandwidth expense.

 

5.9 Licensee shall cost for the Performance of a commercial release of the Product in all the key areas in the Territory and provide all servers needed.

 

5.10 Licensee shall cost for Call center platform and software.

 

5.11 Licensee shall cost for product design and publish (Includes Cards, CD-ROM, Advertising, Poster and other gifts)

 

5.12 Licensee shall cost for distribution Channel Cost.

 

5.13 Licensee shall apply the approval to issue this game from relevant Vietnam government authorities.

 

5.14 Licensee shall cost for infrastructure and developed based on the request of the Product.

 

  5.14.1 Fixed asset.

 

  5.14.2 All management operation undertaken and paid by Licensee.

 

5.15 Licensee shall cost for Marketing and public relations of the Product including joint ads, trade ads, end caps, In-store promotions and other marketing activities as it maybe necessary.

 

5.16 Licensee shall cost for Sales Distribution.

 

5.17 Licensee shall cost for Customer Service.

 

5.18 Licensee shall cost for the promotion the Product in all applicable trade shows and consumer promotion if it is necessary.

 

5.19 Licensee shall report to the Licensor at a reasonable interval, the sales record and estimated outlook for the future, reasonable amount of customer support.

 

5.20 Licensee shall cost for the Promotion and maximization of sales for the Product at all times.

 

5.21 The Licensee shall service by itself in the Territory and not sublicense any of the rights granted herein to a third party in the Territory without a written consent from the Licensor.

 

5.22 The Licensee warrants that its employees will observe all the intellectual property restrictions. This includes the Licensee’s obligation, with reasonable efforts, to supervise its employees from disassembling, modifying, reverse engineering, or duplicating the Product without a written consent from the Licensor.

 

5.23 After receiving the respective invoice, all sums payable to the Licensor under this Agreement shall be made to Licensor’s bank account by wire transfer in accordance with details given by the Licensor to the Licensee from time to time. (Bank Account: It shall be attached hereto.)


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

5.24 The Licensee agrees to provide a sales report every month to Licensor with information relating to the total sales amount, the number of the Service charged members and the number of the concurrent connection users every month.

 

5.25 Licensee shall provide the Licensor its marketing plans in the territory.

 

5.26 Licensee shall provide the Licensor with the official tax receipts or other sufficient evidence issued by the tax authorities to enable the Licensor to file a claim for a foreign tax credit in respect to any sum so withheld or deducted.

 

5.27 Licensee shall share the real-time checking statistic data of the billing system with Licensor to follow the key numbers, such as concurrent users and etc.

 

5.28 Licensee shall have the right of User’s database and Billing database during the Service period in Vietnam.

 

5.29 Licensee shall provide Licensor the actual monthly consumption by the end users for the service of the product every 1 month.

 

5.30 Licensee shall send experienced service maintenance technicians, database maintenance technicians and other related technicians to Beijing for technical training.

To avoid any misunderstanding, during the initial period of the term, both Parties hold the intention of allowing users to access the service of the Product and obtain and use the Product client software for free, only the cost of internet connection, time-based, Daily-based and Monthly-based online usage and item sales will be charged to the users.

6. INSTALLATION, MAINTENANCE AND TRAINING

 

6.1 Licensor shall assist the installation of the Product. Licensor will provide technical services in connection with installation and maintenance of the Product throughout the term of this Agreement on licensee’s part.

 

6.2 In the event that a system problem occurs in the product service, and Licensee is unable to resolve the problem upon using best efforts, Licensee shall notify Licensor of the problem. Upon such a notification, Licensor should solve the problem within the shortest period.

 

6.3 Should the number of concurrent users drop sharply, both parties shall hold a joint discussion to locate the problems, Licensor shall exert its best efforts to provide an updated game version, add new content of the game, modify game errors or defects among some other means, and Licensee shall exert its best effort through market promotion etc. In their joint effort to increase the number of concurrent users back to its previous level.

 

6.4 Licensor shall designate a project team including at least one experienced project manager who has technology base, one experienced marketing expert and one experienced technician during the effective period of the contract to provide support to Licensee. During regular working hours, the designated team shall be available for contact by Licensee through MSN, phone or in person, and the persons designated shall make timely response to all kinds of technical questions raised by Licensee. The technician of this designated team shall turn on emergency cell phone for 24/7 contact.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

7. COPYRIGHT AND WARRANTY

 

7.1 The Licensor states and warrants the following to the Licensee:

 

  7.1.1 The Licensor owns and controls or has appropriate and sufficient licenses for the copyright and other intellectual property rights for the Product. Licensor’s company license and game product copyright certificate shall be attached as the part of this Agreement.

 

  7.1.2 To the best of Licensor’s knowledge, there are no disputes or any infringement for the copyright of the Product at the time of this Agreement.

 

  7.1.3 To the best of Licensor’s knowledge, there is nothing in its contents which may seem obscene or defamatory to any party.

 

  7.1.4 Product will be Error-free

 

  7.1.5 To the best of Licensor’s knowledge, the Licensor Proprietary Software does not contain, nor will contain upon delivery Harmful Code, as that term is defined below. “Harmful Code” shall mean any computer programming code which is constructed with the intent to and which does damage, interfere with or otherwise improperly affect other computer programs, data files or hardware without the knowledge or consent of the computer user. “Harmful Code” includes, but is not limited to, self-replicating and self-propagating program instructions commonly referred to as “viruses” or “worms”

 

7.2 Any bugs (which does not fall within the definition of Error or Virus as set out herein) found in the Product during the Term will be fixed upon an agreement of both parties.

 

7.3 The Licensor and the Licensee agree to give each other full participation when either one of them becomes aware of any actual or threatened claims by a third party regarding the copyrights or other intellectual property rights of the Product. If any claim is filed regarding to the intellectual property rights of the Product, then the Licensor shall keep the Licensee harmless and indemnified from and against all claims, demand, costs including but not limited to reasonable legal costs, expenses and damages (as a result of an adjudicated claim in a court of competent jurisdiction or settlement with the Licensor’s prior written consent), arising from such actions or proceedings.

 

7.4 Licensor shall be responsible for any case of problems happened regarding to the Copyright of the game, loss and compensation.

 

7.5 Licensee is not allowed to transfer the “Licensee” rights to any other parties without Licensor’s written confirmation.

 

7.6 Disclaimer of further warranties: To the maximum extent permitted by applicable law, Licensor provides the Product, the Upgrades and all the Documentations associated therewith and any testing or support services related thereto “as is”. Licensor hereby disclaim with respect to the above mentioned Product, Upgrades, Documentations and services the warranties related to merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, accuracy or completeness.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

8. USER’S RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS

 

8.1 Key elements of the user license agreement. To the maximum extent that is neither invalid nor unenforceable under applicable law, the Licensee shall require the users of the Product to agree to the following terms and conditions:

(A) The user accepts the “Fair Play Rule” set out by The Licensee for the use of the Product. The user also acknowledges that any misconduct or violation may lead to a temporary or permanent restriction from accessing the service.

(B) The user authorizes the Licensee to use their address in respect to the Privacy Law in the Territory.

(C) Unless specifically defined by law, the user agrees not to hold the Licensee liable for damages that may occur from use of the Product.

 

8.2 The Licensee and Licensor will define and agree on the exact wording of the user license Agreement together.

 

9. COST

 

9.1 The Licensee shall be liable for any costs and expenses incurred in promoting, distributing, marketing, selling, and using the Product in the Territory.

 

9.2 Licensor shall provide Licensee with enough technical orientation and training at Licensee’s offices in the Territory. Any cost related to traveling to Licensee’s office in the Territory is the responsibility of the Licensor’s.

 

9.3 If technical support is requested urgently by Licensee at Licensee’s office because of Licensee’s negligence or recklessness for game management, the cost for travel to Licensee’s site by Licensor shall be borne by Licensee.

 

10. STATEMENTS AND PAYMENT OF SHARING PROFITS.

 

10.1 The Licensee shall keep its promises accurate and detailed books and records of all matters relating to the Product, its sales, advertising activity. The Licensee shall also keep its account record for these activities for at least 15 years. Along with the Sharing Profits payments that are due, the Licensee shall provide detailed information on the Sharing Profits and the fiscal sales summary and deliver theme together within 10 days after the monthly pay day of each year.

 

10.2 The Licensor shall have the right to invite a third party audit with both party’s consent to visit the Licensee (upon giving reasonable notice in writing), during its normal business hours, no more than once a year (other than in the circumstances where the Licensor has undertaken a third party audit with both party’s consent which has disclosed inaccuracies. In this case, the audit can be performed once every year). Any such examinations shall be conducted in such manner as not to unduly interfere with the business of the Licensee. The Licensee shall keep and maintain accurate and complete records and books of account relating to the Product revenues for at least 15 years from the end of the calendar quarter. The Licensee shall immediately pay the Licensor any sums found to be due, along with the interest from the date such sums should have been paid until the date of actual payment, with the interest rate of 3% above the 3 months London Interbank Offer Rate (LIBOR) lending rate.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

10.3 The Licensee will take reasonable steps in providing the Licensor with historical information and/or analytical tools that may be useful to the Licensor. They will provide other information that the Licensor may request reasonably from time to time. The Licensee will make the good faith efforts to respond to the Licensor’s requests for such information, but will under no obligation as to the form or completeness of this information. The Licensee retains the right to withhold information, which it deems proprietary or too valuable of a trade secret or piece of confidential information to allow disclosures to a third party.

 

10.4 If the third party will be involved in the safety and secure audit of this product to evaluate if the Product is suitable to the current Vietnam market, both parties have to share the audit cost after signing the contract.

 

11. TERMS AND TERMINATION

 

11.1 This Agreement shall be effective from the signing date of this agreement and shall terminate at the same date of commercialization termination. Product commercialization is effective from the first date of commercialization and remain effective for 2 years thereafter. If the both companies have no problems for the two-year service, the Agreement will be extended for another 1 year automatically and free of license fees

 

11.2 If one of the parties in this Agreement goes into a compulsory liquidation or disassembly, or if one of the party receives administrative or asset management order, or upon operator, manager or administrative or being appointed over any part of its property, undertaking, or assets, or upon either party entering into any composition or voluntary arrangement with its creditors, it shall give the other party the right to terminate this Agreement.

 

11.3 In the event of the Licensee going bankruptcy and the Licensor terminate this Agreement, the rights granted to Licensee herein will be terminated immediately and all the rights and User’s Database shall be returned to the Licensor.

 

11.4 In the event of the Licensor going bankruptcy and the Licensee terminate the Agreement, the rights granted to Licensor herein will be terminated immediately and all the rights of the Licensee in the agreement regarding Licensee’s possession of the Vietnamese-version Product shall remain to the Licensee.

 

11.5 If any party opens the source Codes or confidential information is blabbed, the other party can terminate this Agreement. If the fatal problem is the Licensor’s fault, Licensor shall compensate Licensee for the damages and Licensee has right to request compensation for all damages.

If the fatal problem is the Licensee’s fault, Licensee shall pay Licensor for compensation and Licensor has right to request compensation for all damage in the Territory.

 

11.6 Fatal Problems means that un-solved programming problems, Source code Cracked and loss from the marketing Problems, Service operation problems and Billing system problem and etc.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

However before this Agreement is terminated, both party shall have a co-meeting to solve the problems together.

The Licensor may assign this Agreement to any related party within the Sohu.com Inc group at its discretion.

 

12. TRADEMARK RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS.

The Licensor reserves the rights to the Product related logo, trademark, and artwork (which includes, without limitation to, names, images, characters and titles in the game of the Product) and agrees to grant these rights to the Licensee solely for the Purpose of this Agreement during the Term of this Agreement. The use of the registered trademark, logo, and artwork by the Licensee is solely for the benefit of the Product (Licensee shall avoid any doubt in Product promotion). The Licensee does not receive the rights to sell, register or use trademark, logo or artworks without prior written consent of Licensor. (to clarify, this Agreement does not license the rights for character business for commercial).

 

13. BREACH.

 

13.1 In the event where the Licensee has no justified reasons for its failure to fulfill its responsibilities of this Agreement, and if the Licensee does not remedy its breach or respond within 7 days after receiving a written notice from the Licensor, the Licensor will assume that the Licensee has breached the Agreement and shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time. Such right of termination shall not be exclusive of any other remedies or means of redress to which the Licensor may be lawfully entitled, and all such remedies shall be cumulative.

 

13.2 If the Licensee is in breach to any terms of this Agreement which cannot be remedied, or if the breach is capable of remedy but Licensee fails to remedy the problem within 7 days upon receipt of such written notice from Licensor, the Licensor will serve a written notice to the Licensee and assume that the Licensee has refused its obligations under this Agreement and shall be entitled to the right as mentioned in 12.1.

 

14. INDEMNIFICATION

 

14.1 Licensor hereby agrees, at its expense, to defend, indemnify and hold harmless Licensee from and against any and all claims, losses, damages, expenses, liabilities and costs incurred by Licensee (including reasonable attorneys’ fees) (“Claim” or “Claims”) brought against arising out of the infringement of the Product against any third party’s copyright.

 

14.2 Either Party agrees, at its expense, to defend, indemnify and hold harmless the other from and against any and all claims resulting from a breach or alleged breach of this Agreement and the warranty set forth in Clause 7.1 in any country in the world.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

15. CONFIDENTIALITY

 

15.1 Each party shall, at its best of effort, supervise its workers, agents, and employees to keep all commercial information relating to the business and affairs of the other party and the terms of this Agreement (Confidential information) which may be disclosed or obtained by it pursuant to or as a result of this Agreement. Both parties shall not divulge any of the confidential materials started herein to a third party, except for its professional consultant.

 

15.2 The confidentiality Agreement of this clause shall not apply for information breach resulting from an obligation to law, request of fiscal authorities, and other breaches not resulting from the Licensee’s error.

 

15.3 The terms of this Agreement are confidential. The parties shall not disclose to any other party or any place (including website) the terms and conditions of this Agreement during the term of this Agreement and 01 year thereafter.

 

16. COMPLIANCE OF LAWS.

 

16.1 The parties agree to comply with the applicable international, national, state, regional, and local laws and regulations in servicing the Product and in dealing with users, press and competitors. The Parties will comply with the laws in the People’s Republic of China.

 

16.2 In maintenance efforts, both parties shall observe all applicable laws and regulations, including but not limited to those concerning online media, the operation of telecommunications services, data privacy and protection of Intellectual Property Rights.

 

17. FORCE MAJEURE

 

17.1 Neither Party shall be liable for any failure, deficiency or delay in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement due to any force majeure, which shall include but not be limited to:

 

  a) Natural disaster, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, explosions;

 

  b) Insurrection, riot or civil commotion, war whether declared or not;

 

  c) Legislation, any act, order, or regulation of any Governmental Authorities (including Government’s refusal to allow this game to be published or used in the territory), having jurisdiction over this Agreement or over either party there to or administrative delay or any cause or matter whatsoever not within the reasonable control of the Parties.

 

  d) Strike or other labor dispute;

 

  e) Disturbance in supplies from normally reliable sources (including but not limited to electricity);

 

  f) Computer breakdown and telecommunications failure;

 

17.2 In the event of such a force majeure, the affected Party shall inform the other Party immediately after such event has occurred and within twenty (20) days thereafter shall send a notice to inform the other Party about the occurrence of force majeure event, any remedial measures undertaken and the reasons for not being able to perform its obligations.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

18. NOT A PARTNERSHIP

This Agreement shall not be deemed to constitute a partnership or a joint venture between the parties.

 

19. MARKETING BY THE LICENSOR

 

19.1 The Licensor shall consult with the Licensee before performing all public relation and marketing activities respect of the Product, within the Territory through its agents, employees, or by themselves.

 

19.2 The Licensor shall not conduct any public relations or marketing activities in respect of the Product in the Territory without the written approval from the Licensee.

 

19.3 The Licensor shall not announce or release any news about licensee’s performance outside the Territory.

 

20. MARKETING BY THE LICENSEE

 

20.1 Subject to the provisions herein, the Licensee shall be at liberty to market the Product as it deems appropriate in its absolute discretion but it will take reasonable endeavors to notify the Licensor in advance of press release, and reflect on the descriptions provided by the Licensor for such press releases; Provided that, both parties will act in good faith.

 

20.2 The Licensor shall consult with Licensee before performing all public relation and marketing activities in respect of the Product, within the territory through its agents, employees, or by themselves.

 

21. NOTICES

All notices between the two parties shall be in writing and delivered by hand, pre-paid first class certified mail, registered airmail or fax. (Email can be used but will not be considered notice under this agreement because of reliability problems with email). Both parties’ contacts and addresses are as below,

Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd

David Chen

Tel: 86-10-6272-6816

Fax: 86-10-6270-2951

Address: Vision International Center, No.1 Park, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, P.R.China

FPT Telecom

Truong Dinh Anh

Tel: 84-8-9301-280

Fax: 84-8-9330362

Address: 48 Van Bao, Ba Dinh, Hanoi, Vietnam


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

22. APPLICABLE LAW AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION

 

22.1 Any dispute arising out of or in connection with this agreement, including any question regarding its existence, validity or termination, shall be submitted to the exclusive jurisdiction of the courts sitting in Beijing, P. R. China.

 

22.2 The governing law of this agreement shall be the substantive Chinese laws.

In Witness Where Of, the Parties have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officer or representative on the date and year first written above.

There will be four signed Agreements and each company shall keep two copies as their record.

Licensor:

Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd (SEAL)

Beijing Huohu Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (SEAL)

 

By:   /s/ Tao Wang

Licensee:

FPT Telecom (SEAL)

 

By:   /s/ Truong Dinh Anh


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

Attachment: Bank Account Information of Licensor

All payments due and payable under this Agreement shall be paid by wired transfer to the following designated bank account:

Account Holder: Beijing Huohu Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Account Number:    *

Name of the bank:    *

Name of the Branch:    *

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.

Exhibit 10.23.1

SUPPLEMENT TO GAME LICENSE

AGREEMENT

BY and BETWEEN

Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd.

Beijing Huohu Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

AND

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd

AND

FPT Telecom

FOR

“Tian Long Ba Bu”


This Supplementary Agreement shall take effective as of December 1 st , 2007, regarding the assignment of Game License Agreement from Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd. , and Beijing Huohu Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (collectively referred to as “ Former Licensor ”) to Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co. , Ltd and its affiliates (collectively referred to as Current Licensor ).

RECITALS

 

A. Game License Agreement was entered into on March 30, 2007, by and between Former Licensor and FPT Telecom and its affiliates (collectively referred to as “Licensee”).

 

B. Current Licensor has obtained from Former Licensor the client and server software technology and relevant intellectual right, including but not limited to copyright, and has the right to produce, update and maintain the Vietnamese version of “Tian Long Ba Bu” (hereinafter referred to as the “Product”)

Now it is hereby agreed by each party as follows:

 

1. Former Licensor agrees to irrevocably assign to Current Licensor as of the effective date all of its rights, title and interest for Product under Game License Agreement , and Current Licensor hereby accepts such assignment. Insofar as rights and obligations under the Game License Agreement from the effective date are concerned, references to Former Licensor therein shall be deemed replaced with references to Current Licensor .

 

2. As of the effective date of this Supplementary Agreement , Former Licensor shall have no further rights, obligations, and liabilities of any kind whatsoever for Product under the Game License Agreement .

 

3. Game License Agreement , including the terms, conditions, covenants, agreements, and exhibits contained therein, shall be binding only on Current Licensor and Licensee .

 

4. Pursuant to the foregoing terms and conditions, Licensee hereby grants its consent to the assignment and represents and warrants that it shall not raise any claim against Former Licensor in connection with the breach, default or non-performance of the Game License Agreement by Current Licensor on or after the effective date of this Supplementary Agreement .

 

5. Except as otherwise provided herein, all terms and conditions of the Game License Agreement shall remain effective with respect to Current Licensor and Licensee .

 

6. This Supplementary Agreement shall be written in English, and executed in three (4) copies, each of which shall be deemed an original.


In Witness Where Of, the Parties have caused this Supplementary Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officer or representative on Dec 1 st , 2007.

Former Licensor:

 

Beijing Sohu Internet Information Service Co., Ltd
Beijing Huohu Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
By:  

/s/ Tao Wang

Current Licensor: (SEAL)
Beijing Gamease Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
By:  

/s/ Tao Wang

Licensee:
FPT Telecom (SEAL)
By:  

/s/ Truong Dinh Anh

Name:   Truong Dinh Anh

Exhibit 10.24

English Translation

 

OPERATION AGREEMENT


English Translation

 

 

OPERATION AGREEMENT

Party A: Beijing Pixel Software Technology Co., Ltd.

Party B: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

After friendly negotiation, Party A and Party B have reached this Agreement regarding Party B’s operation of Party A’s on-line games (acting as Party A’s agent), including “Blade and Sword Online” which was developed in 2003 and its upgraded version “Blade and Sword . Hero Online” developed in 2006 (hereinafter referred to as “B&S Online Game”), within the territory of Mainland, the People’s Republic of China, as follows:

 

1. Party A and Party B agree that Party A authorizes Party B to develop and operate the B&S Online Game exclusively within the territory of the Mainland area of the People’s Republic of China from October 1, 2007 to June 30, 2015 (hereinafter referred to as “Exclusive Operation Term”). Party B is entitled to, in its own name in the territory of Mainland China, operate the B&S Online Game, develop the expansion packs and later versions of the B&S Online Game, and develop, produce and sell merchandises of the B&S Online Game at its own discretion. During the period from October 1, 2007 to June 30, 2008, if Party B decides to sell the gift packages and product packages of the B&S Online Game, the Parties shall negotiate separately in order to sign supplementary agreements.

 

2. Party A and Party B agree and acknowledge that Party A shall not, during the Exclusive Operation Term, engage or involve in the development or operation of the B&S Online Game in the territory of Mainland China, except with Party B’s authorization in writing to do so. Without the written consent of Party B, Party A shall not engage in any development of, amendment to, alteration of or addition to the later versions, toolkits or expansion packs of any Mainland version of the B&S Online Game in any way, nor shall Party A authorize any third party to do so.

 

3. Party A and Party B acknowledge that Party A has delivered all source codes for software and programs of the original and later versions, the toolkit and the expansion paks of the B&S Online Game to Party B.

 

4. Party A authorizes Party B to use the registered trademark of Blade and Sword free of charge during the Exclusive Operation Term. The Parties will execute a trademark licence agreement at the same time.


English Translation

 

 

5. Party A will assign two technical personel to provide Party B with technical supports and training services (hereinafter referred to as the “Technical Support”) during the period from the effective date of this Agreement to June 30, 2008, in order to use its best endeavors to ensure that Party B may operate the B&S Online Game independently as of July 1, 2008. The specific content, time and place of the Technical Support shall be negotiated by Party A and Party B separately and stipulated in writing.

 

6.

During the period beginning on October 1, 2007 and ending June 30, 2008, Party A will acquire 25% of the income arising from the operation of the B&S Online Game which is subject to Party B’s confirmation (with a deduction of 30% as the cost of distribution channels); starting from July 1, 2008, Party A will no longer collect any income arising from the operation of the B&S Online Game. During the period beginning on October 1, 2007 and ending June 30, 2008, Party A may, before the settlement of each month, make background inquiries regarding the gross income of the operation and require Party B to provide other settlement vouchers and documents with respect to the operation platform; Party B shall provide Party A with the data of income and royalty of the last month by the 10 th day of each month, and the Parties shall settle according to the data. After the Parties’ confirmation, Party A shall issue an invoice for provision of service to Party B, and Party B shall make payment within ten working days of the receipt of the invoice. If Party B fails to pay to Party A the royalty arising from the revenue of the B&S Online Game according to the conditions, percentage and time limit provided in this Agreement, it shall pay Pixel Software an overdue fine of 0.05% per day.

 

7. As of July 1, 2008, Party A will no longer collect any income arising from the operation of the B&S Online Game. During the period beginning on July 1, 2008 until the expiry date of Party B’ Exclusive Operation Term, Party B and related liable parties shall bear any liability arising from the operation of the B&S Online Game, including but not limited to legal and administrative liabilities. Any liability arising from the operation of the B&S Online Game beyond the above period shall be borne by Party A or other liable parties, and shall not be Party B’s responsibility.

 

8.

The Parties agree that Party B will retain all ownership rights and intellectual property rights in all source codes and trademarks


English Translation

 

 

 

related to all upgraded versions of the software and programs, toolkits and expansion packs of the B&S Online Game developed by Party B during the Exclusive Operation Term. Party B is entitled to retain such software and programs of the later versions, toolkits and expansion packs after the expiry of the Exclusive Operation Term.

 

9. Party A warrants that it owns the full copyright and relevant intellectual property rights in the B&S Online Game, and has the right to license the relevant copyright and intellectual property rights to Party B according to this Agreement. Party B agrees and warrants that it will operate the B&S Online Game within the territory of Mainland China during the Exclusive Operation Term in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

 

10. Party A agrees and warrants that after June 30, 2015, if Party A develops expansion packs of the relevant games according to the provisions of this Agreement and at Party B’s request, the Parties will negotiate a separate agreement, and warrants that Party A will not infringe or damage the relevant IP rights and interests of the assignor.

 

11. The Parties of this Agreement agree that after this Agreement becomes effective, either Party shall not use the trademarks and logos etc. of the other Party without the written consent of such other Party, and shall warrant that it will not use the relevant trademarks and logos in a manner not consistent with the scope and method of the licence granted by the licensor.

 

12. During the period of 3 months before the expiry of the Exclusive Operation Term, Party B has the right to decide whether or not to continue the operation, use and development of the B&S Online Game at its own discretion based on its own needs, and to negotiate separately the specific details with Party A. If Party B ceases the operation of the B&S Online Game upon the expiry of the Exclusive Operation Term, Party A may develop the B&S Online Game in any way in the territory of Mainland China.

 

13.

Either Party will, during the term of this Agreement, keep confidential all the confidential information, of which such Party is aware, regarding the other Party and the B&S Online Game. Such information shall not be made public, disclosed or divulged in any manner. If Pixel Software intends to make a public statement with respect to the operation of the B&S Online Game in the territory of Mainland China and the grant of any right of further development, it shall notify the assignor in writing in advance.


English Translation

 

 

 

Such public statement may be made provided that the agreement has been reached by the Parties regarding the wording of such public statement. If the assignor fails to respond within 10 working days of the receipt of Pixel Software’s written notice, it shall be regarded as consenting to the public statement drafted by Pixel Software.

 

14. The execution, implementation and interpretation of this Agreement and the resolution of any disputes arising from this Agreement shall be governed by the Chinese laws. If any dispute arises during the implementation of this Agreement, Party A and Party B shall try to resolve their differences through friendly negotiation; if the negotiation fails, either Party may submit the dispute to Beijing Arbitration Commission for arbitration in accordance with the arbitration rules of Beijing Arbitration Commission. The arbitration award shall be final and binding upon the Parties. The costs of arbitration shall be borne by the losing Party.

 

15. Issues not provided in this Agreement will be negotiated separately and confirmed in writing by the Parties.

 

16. This Agreement is executed in four copies, with each Party holding two copies. All copies shall be equally authentic and become effective as of the date of the due establishment of Party B.

-----No text below on this page-------


English Translation

 

 

Party A:      Party B:

 

    

 

Beijing Pixel Software Technology Co., Ltd. (Seal)      Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Seal)
By:  

/s/ Ye Liu

     By:  

/s/ Tao Wang

  Legal Representative       

Legal Representative

(Signature and Seal)      (Signature and Seal)

Exhibit 10.25

TRADEMARK LICENCE CONTRACT


English Translation

 

Trademark Licence Contract

Party A: Beijing Pixel Software Technology Co., Ltd.

Party B: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Party A and Party B, following the principles of voluntariness and good faith and upon the mutual agreement through consultations, enter into this Trademark Licence Contract.

 

Article 1   Party A grants a licence to Party B for it to use the No. 5231746 Trademark “Blade and Sword” (hereinafter referred to as “Party A’s Trademark”), which has already been registered by Party A in respect of Class 42 goods (or services) of computer programming, computer software design, software (updating of computer –), computer software (updating of –), rental of access time to a computer database, rental of computer software, maintenance of computer software, computer systems analysis, rental of computer access time for data processing, lease of CDs containing commercial and financial information , in respect of the foregoing Class 42 goods (or services) unless in circumstance agreed in Article 17 of this Agreement.
  The logo of the trademark:
Article 2   The term of the licence is from the date of execution and effectiveness of this Agreement until June 30, 2015.
Article 3   The license granted under this Contract is an exclusive license in the Mainland area within the territory of China, i.e., after Party A licenses to Party B the right to use the trademark granted by this Contract, Party A shall not during the term of the Contract in any way grant a license to any third party for it to use this trademark in the Mainland area within the territory of China.
Article 4   Party A has the right to monitor Party B’s use of the registered trademark, and Party B shall ensure that it uses this registered trademark according to the stipulations of this Contract.
Article 5   Party B may indicate its enterprise name and the origin of the goods (or the source of services) on the goods (or services) in respect of which this registered trademark is used.
Article 6   Party B agrees to only use Party A’s Trademark in accordance with this Agreement and not to use such Trademark by committing any misconduct or in a manner that may damage Party A’s Trademark or Party A’s reputation.


English Translation

 

 

Article 7   Party A agrees that Party B has the right to decide, according to the needs of its operation and at its own discretion, to use Party A’s Trademark for advertising or promoting relevant online games and products in broadcast programs or TV programs or on the newspapers, magazines, internet or other media channels.
Article 8   Party A agrees that Party B may use the trademark under this Contract in the promotion activities organised for advertising the online game product of “Blade and Sword Online”.
Article 9   During the term of validity of this Contract, if any third party infringes the rights to the trademark under this Contract, Party A shall take all necessary effective measures (such measures may include initiating a lawsuit, requesting the administrative department’s involvement, and etc.) to defend against the infringement. For the purpose of protecting the trademark under this Contract, Party A agrees that Party B has the right to, in its own name and independently, take various effective measures (such measures may include initiating a lawsuit, requesting the administrative department’s involvement, etc.) to defend against any infringement on the trademark under this Contract. Party A will use its best endeavours to provide assistance to Party B.
Article 10   Party B may, according to the needs of operation of relevant online games, sublicense the rights granted by Party A to Party B under this Contract to any of Party B’s affiliates.
Article 11   License fees and method of payment: The Parties agree that during the term of validity of this Contract, Party A will not collect any fees from Party B in respect of Party B’s use of the trademark referred to in this Contract.
Article 12   No clauses in this Contract can be waived or amended without a written agreement signed by both Parties.
Article 13   Liabilities for breach of contract: If either Party breaches this Contract, it shall assume the liabilities for the breach. The breaching Party shall compensate the non-breaching Party for all losses suffered by the non-breaching Party therefrom. Such losses include but not limited to: all losses, damages, liabilities, expenses or costs (including the legal costs) directly or indirectly suffered or incurred by the non-breaching Party as a result of such breach of contract by the breaching Party.
Article 14   The formation, interpretation, implementation and dispute resolution relating to this Contract shall be governed by the laws of the PRC. Party A and Party B shall resolve any disputes arising in respect of this Contract through friendly negotiation. In case of failure to resolve the dispute upon negotiation, either Party has the right to submit the dispute to the Beijing Arbitration Commission for arbitration in accordance with the rules of the Commission. The arbitration award is final and binding upon both Parties. The costs of arbitration shall be borne by the losing Party.


English Translation

 

 

Article 15   Change of the owner of the rights to the trademark: During the term of validity of this Contract, in case of a change of the owner of the rights to Party A’s Trademark in any form, Party A must notify Party B in writing 90 days in advance. If Party A intends to assign the trademark under this Contract to a third party other than an affiliate of Party A, then Party B is entitled to the absolute right of first refusal on the same terms and conditions.
Article 16   If either Party dissolves, becomes bankrupt or loses its capacity of a legal person due to other reasons, it shall notify the other Party one month in advance.
Article 17   This Contract becomes effective on the date when Party B is established, and its term of validity is the same as the term of the licence. Once this Contract is early terminated or expires, all rights that have been granted to Party B shall be immediately returned to Party A, and Party B shall no longer use Party A’s Trademark in any way.
Article 18   Neither Party has the right to unilaterally terminate this Contract without the mutual written agreement reached between the Parties.
Article 19   This Contract is executed in five copies of equal effect, with each Party holding two copies and a copy to be filed with the Trademark Office for recordal. This Contract shall be submitted by Party B to the Trademark Office for recordal within five working days of the execution of the Contract, and the fees for the recordal of the Trademark Lience Contract shall be borne by Party B.

---- No texts below on this page ----


English Translation

 

 

Party A:   Party B:
Beijing Pixel Software Technology Co., Ltd. (Seal)   Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Seal)
By:  

/s/ Ye Liu

  By:  

/s/ Tao Wang

 

Legal Representative

   

Legal Representative

Exhibit 10.26

Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

English Translation

Game Software License Agreement

This Game Software License Agreement is entered into as of December 3, 2007 between the following two Parties:

 

Party A:   Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Gamease)
  Address: F 2-5, East Wing, Jing Yan Hotel, No. 29, Shijingshan Road, Shjingshan
District, Beijing
  Contact Person: Yanjuan CHEN
  Tel: 010-62726816,13910522640
Party B:   Guangzhou No. Nine Art Network Technology Co, Ltd.
  Address: Room 2303, Gao Ke Plaza, No. 906, He Bei Road, Tian He District,
Guangzhou
  Contact Person: Qing ZHAO
  Tel: 13924221973

WHEREAS:

 

(A) Party B has the server and user end software technology of its self-developed online game software, the “Legend of the Ancient World” (“LAW”) (the name is temporary and both parties shall execute supplementary agreements in the event that the name is changed, hereafter referred to as “Licensed Product”, as defined in detail in Clause 6 of Article 1), and provides the exclusive product technology support to it.

 

(B) Party B wishes to enhance its popularity in the market, achieve more market share and gain proceeds from the potential market.

 

(C) Party A intends to operate, promote, publish, produce, utilize and sell the Licensed Product and to provide the relevant product technology support.

 

(D) Party B licenses Party A to maintain, operate and promote the Licensed Product and to use all the trademarks and labels of the Licensed Product.

 

(E) Party B has the full copyrights of the Licensed Product, and Party A shall pay a license fee and a share of the revenue to Party B in order to obtain the usage rights of the Licensed Product in mainland China and the relevant products and technology support services from Party B.

NOW, THEREFORE , both Parties agree as follows:

Article 1 Definitions

Unless otherwise provided hereunder, the following terms shall have the meanings as follows:

 

1. “License Fee” refers to all license fees that Party A shall pay to Party B under Clause 1 of Article 4 in order to obtain the usage rights of the Licensed Product pursuant to this Agreement.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

2. “Character Image Business” refers to all of the commercial activities relevant to the character image of the Licensed Product.

 

3. “Day” refers to business days from Monday to Friday, excluding Saturday, Sunday, bank holidays or any other public holidays.

 

4. “Error” refers to material defects of the Licensed Product that occur during the term of this Agreement, including without limitation:

 

  a. failure with consecutive execution, data loss, inappropriately formatted or incorrect output format;

 

  b. various viruses.

 

5. “Technology Support Service” refers to the reasonable upgrade (service packs) service, technology consultation and technology support services provided by Party B upon the request of Party A.

 

6. “Licensed Product” refers to an online game named as LAW (temporary name), relevant programs, source code and all the relevant products, trademarks, labels and interests for commercial purposes, including but not limited to the online game product of LAW, data slices, upgraded versions and relevant accessory products. The Licensed Product should be able to operate securely and normally.

 

7. “Game Service Fee” refers to the monthly actual consumed amount of game users each month obtained by Party A before deducting the relevant channel costs, business tax and revenue share with Party B. Both Parties shall use the actual consumed amount of monthly online game users as provided by the Licensed Product Payment System as the basis of the revenue share for the previous month, which shall be confirmed by both Parties in writing to effectively become the Parties’ base amount for mutual profit distribution. The Game Service Fee shall be named and calculated as certain currency and be realized as pre-paid cards, monthly paid cards, virtual item cards, virtual pre-paid cards and so on.

 

8. “Data Slices and Extension Packs” refers to the various upgraded, optimized and updated versions of the Licensed Product.

 

9. “Virus” refers to the computer program that can copy itself and leave such copies in other media, including but not limited to tapes, memory sticks, electrical tape players, CDs or disks, which could destroy the data and cause the clients’ documents to be damaged and interfered with.

 

10. “PRC” or “China” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Province.

 

11. “Source Code” refers to the code required for the normal development and maintenance of the game, except the code of the game’s engine.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

Article 2 The License

 

1. According to the payment arrangement hereunder, Party B licenses Party A an exclusive and permanent operating right for the online game of LAW in the mainland of China and to be responsible for the promotion, publication, production, sale and maintenance of the Licensed Product. Other than affiliates of Party A, Party A shall not transfer or license any right of the Licensed Product to any third party without the written consent of Party B. Within the term of this Agreement, Party B shall not operate the Licensed Product by any means, or by any means transfer or license the Licensed Product in full or in partiality to any third party besides Party A in the territory of China.

 

2. Party A shall have the right to operate, manage, promote, publish, produce, sell and maintain the Licensed Product at its sole discretion and be solely responsible for the implementation of the product operation and strategies. Party B shall have the right to inquire Party A concerning the specific strategies and to provide suggestions as well.

 

3. Party A shall have the right to use the trademarks, labels or various characters’ images of the Licensed Product for the necessary promotion of the Licensed Product and for other commercial purposes.

Article 3 Term and Schedule

 

1. Term

This Agreement shall take effect upon its execution by both Parties and will be effective until Party A terminates the operation of the Licensed Product.

 

2. Schedule:

The Parties have agreed to the following schedule:

 

  (1) Before         *        , Party B shall provide Party A with the primary documents of the Licensed Product’s technical engine, which shall be the basis of the Licensed Product’s development after confirmation by Party A in writing. Before         *        , Party B shall provide to Party A the planning draft of the Licensed Product, which shall be the basis of the Licensed Product’s function and technology data after confirmation by Party A in writing.

 

  (2) Before         *        , Party B shall complete the development of the Licensed Product. After development is completed, Party B shall provide the original disk to Party A. Party A shall check and accept the Licensed Product preliminarily based on the promised function and technical data in the technology engine scheme and planning draft as provided by Party B. If 70% of the promised functions and technology data in the aforesaid documents can be verified, Party B will preliminarily be deemed as qualified, and Party A shall issue a written assessment report.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

  (3) Before         *         , Party B shall complete the internal test of the Licensed Product. During the internal test period, both Parties shall test the product jointly, and Party B shall be responsible for modifying and improving the Licensed Product in accordance with the test results and the relevant modification suggestions, as well as ensuring that the product’s normal operation does not include Errors.

 

  (4) Before         *         , Party A shall launch the Licensed Product and provide the players with charged services. If the charged service cannot be provided due to the faultiness or instability of the product, the Parties can agree to extend the date upon which the service charge will begin to incur.

Article 4 License Fee and Revenue Share

 

1. License Fee

In order to obtain the usage rights of the Licensed Product, Party A shall pay Party B         *         in total as the License Fee through four payments, Party A shall pay in accordance with the following schedule:

 

  (1) Within ten (10) days after the execution of this Agreement, Party A shall pay         *         of the License Fee;

 

  (2) Before January 15, 2008, Party A shall pay         *         of the License Fee;

 

  (3) Within one month after Party B completes its product development and Party A issues the assessment report, Party A shall pay         *         of the License Fee;

 

  (4) Within one month after the internal test of the Licensed Product is finished, Party A shall pay         *         of the License Fee.

 

2. Revenue Share

Within the Term of this Agreement, Party B shall provide durative technology service, technology training, maintenance support and other services related to the Licensed Product to Party A. Other than the License Fee above, the Parties agree to share the monthly game services fee obtained by operating the Licensed Product in the manner of the following proportion and time:

 

  i. the proportion of revenue share is         *         and        *        , namely, Party A shall obtain         *         of the revenue, and Party B shall obtain         *         of revenue;

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

  ii. payment schedule

After formally charging for the Licensed Product, before the 10 th day of each month, Party A shall provide to Party B the revenue data and share data of the previous month, which would be the basis of settlement. After both Parties confirm that there are no mistakes, Party B shall issue an invoice to Party A, and Party A shall pay Party B within ten (10) business days after receiving the invoice.

 

3. As for the sales revenue obtained from the accessory products or virtual items developed based on the characters’ images or trademarks or labels of the Licensed Product, the Parties shall enter into supplementary agreements.

 

4. All the above payment shall be made in RMB.

 

5. All the above payment shall be remitted to the account of Party B as follows or by check:

Name: Guangzhou No. 9 Art Network Technology Co, Ltd.

Bank:         *        

Account Number:         *        

 

6. Party B shall bear the taxes relevant to the aforesaid payment from Party A to Party B.

 

7. Before the payment, Party B shall issue a legal and valid invoice to Party A.

 

8. If Party B fails to deliver the Licensed Product on schedule, the payment may be postponed accordingly, for which Party A shall not be liable for any penalty. After Party B performs all of its obligations under Item (2), Clause 2 of Article 3, and the Licensed Product passes the preliminary assessment by Party A, Party A shall pay the relevant fees within ten (10) days.

 

9. If the Licensed Product has serious problems and cannot operate normally, which causes the commercial service to be delayed or completely halted, Party A has the right to refuse paying Party B.

Article 5 New Product Operation and the Bidding Priority

 

1. Within the Term of this Agreement, as to any development plan of a new product (“New Product”) proposed by Party B, Party A shall have the priority of the exclusive proxy operation right for the New Product.

 

2. If any third party requests a bid for the operation right of the New Product, before accepting such offer, Party B shall notify Party A of all the details of the third party and consult with Party A for its opinions on the proposed price. However, Party B shall not disclose the price proposed by Party A.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

3. If Party A offers the same price as the third party, Party A shall obtain the exclusive proxy operation rights of the New Product in priority. Party B shall accept Party A’s offer, and Party A shall obtain the relevant rights of the New Product or the equity interest of Party B.

 

4. Each offer shall be submitted in writing. Both parties shall reply by accepting or rejecting the offer within seven (7) days.

Article 6 Party B’s Rights and Obligations

 

1. Party B shall provide the Licensed Product in the simplified Chinese version and all the documents necessary for the commercial operation before         *        .

 

2. Within the Term of this Agreement, Party B shall provide timely and sufficient technology training in order to ensure that Party A will be capable of setting up servers and independently providing technology service support for the commercial operation before         *        . Furthermore, Party B shall provide the training plan, including the product update plan, to Party A before         *        , and such training shall be finished before         *        .

 

3. Within six (6) months after the open test of the Licensed Product, in order to ensure that the technology support provisions by Party B for the Licensed Product are fulfilled, Party B shall take all its endeavors to provide technology support to Party A with its development team and shall not engage in any other development of new online games.

 

4. Within the Term of this Agreement, Party B ensures that the following members will continuously participate in the development of the Licensed Product and all relevant technology support:

 

Name

   ID
Number

*

   *

*

   *

*

   *

*

   *

 

5. Upon Party A’s request, Party B shall provide the maintenance and upgrade service for the Licensed Product, including daily technology maintenance, technology support for any accidents, development of upgraded versions and regular or irregular upgrades, etc.

 

6. Party A shall have the right to assess and assist Party B to improve the quality of the Licensed Product. If the quality of the Licensed Product affects the clients’ experience negatively or is not suitable for the market, or Party A advises any other improvement opinions during the operation of the Licensed Product, Party B shall timely modify in accordance with Party A’s request and bear the relevant costs and expenses.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

7. Party B shall provide to Party A with all the documents, including the market promotion material and user’s manual, no later than the beginning of the internal test, and shall modify, revise, add or amend the market promotion material and user’s manual in accordance with Party A’s feedback and opinions after the internal test.

 

8. Party B shall upgrade, renew or improve the product based on Party A’s reasonable request to improve the Licensed Product.

 

9. Within the Term of this Agreement, Party B shall make its best endeavor to rectify any internal defaults of the Licensed Product or its upgraded versions and extension packs, including without limitation providing relevant service pack programs based on the nature of the product feature and shall provide such program to Party A.

 

10. After updating the Licensed Product, Party B shall provide the updated version to Party A, and the two Parties shall cooperate with each other on the basis of the consensus of the new functions.

 

11. Party B shall assist Party A to install and upgrade the server facilities and to install the Licensed Product’s server in accordance with the quality assurance program.

 

12. Party B shall provide 7×24 hour technology support for all the problems occurring in the Licensed Product’s operation. During the internal test or external test period, Party B shall dispatch at least two (2) full-time principal developers to reside at Party A’s offices and provide technology support. All the relevant travel charges or living expenses shall be borne by Party A.

 

13. If the Licensed Products has any technology or quality problems, Party B shall respond within eight (8) hours with a proposed solution. The relevant expenses and fees shall be borne by Party B. As for the problems which have already affected the successive operation of the product and stopped the users’ usage, Party B shall solve the problem no later than twenty four (24) hours; for those problems that may threaten the successive operation and the users’ usage, Party B shall rectify them within five (5) days.

 

14. As for those unauthorized plug-in programs during the operation of the License Product that may affect the Licensed Product’s operation, Party B shall set up a special technology team to protect and shield the License Product from such plug-in and solve the relevant problems incurred by them in a timely manner. From the occurrence of such plug-ins, Party B shall solve all the relevant problems incurred by them within thirty (30) days. Once Party A finds such plug-ins, Party A shall notify Party B and assist Party B with the relevant investigation.

 

15. Party B shall upgrade the Licensed Product based on Party A’s suggestion. Within twenty four (24) hours after completing the relevant upgrade or service packs of Licensed Product, Party B shall send the relevant programs to Party A immediately.

 

16. Party B shall take action to ensure the security of the Licensed Product’s source code and protect the source code from being disclosed, which may cause the invalidity of the Licensed Product’s license rights and affect the commercial operation of the Licensed Product and its other usages.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

17. Party B shall develop a daily record of the Licensed Product’s operation in accordance with the format requested by Party A.

 

18. Party B shall transfer all the relevant interfaces of the anti-cheating system to Party A before the open test.

 

19. Within two (2) years after the official operation of the Licensed Product, Party B shall transfer all the source codes of the Licensed Product to Party A. The source code here refers to the code of the logic part of game that is required for the normal development and maintenance of the game, excluding the code of the game’s engine. Party B agrees, after 2 years from the official operation of the Licensed Product, Party A, or its affiliates, can develop the subsequent products of the Licensed Product based on the source code transferred from Party B. All developed products by each Party shall belong to the developer itself. The proportion of the revenue share for the revenue collected from the Licensed Product remains the same as indicated in Clause 2 of Article 4 of this Agreement. Party A shall be responsible for the technology support and maintenance caused by the change and subsequent development of the Licensed Product by Party A, and Party B shall provide the necessary support.

 

20. Party B shall assure it has the full property right and copyright of the Licensed Product or has obtained all the necessary authority and consent, which could ensure Party A’s valid right on the Licensed Product within the Term of this Agreement. Party B assures, from the execution of this Agreement and during the term of this Agreement, that there are no claims or potential threats by third parties against Party A for the rights licensed by Party B and Party A’s activities pursuant to this Agreement.

 

21. Party B shall ensure delivery of the Licensed Product and all relevant documents to Party A in accordance with the schedule and manner under this Agreement.

 

22. If Party B fails to perform its obligations of providing technology support, Party A shall be entitled to propone the current payment of the account payable and deduct the relevant losses from the current account payable.

 

23. Party A is responsible for the development of the charging system, and Party B shall provide the full support.

 

24. Within the Term of this Agreement, Party A and Party B shall have the right to examine the relevant payment data of the Licensed Product.

 

25. Party B agrees to make its best effort to provide the same documents as described in this Agreement in order to assist Party A in obtaining the relevant publishing rights of the Licensed Product.

 

26.

Party B agrees to disclose the usage of last month’s License Fees before the 10 th day of each month.

 

27. Party B is responsible for dealing with the formalities of the computer software copyright and other relevant filing procedures for the license.

 

28. Without the written consent of Party A, Party B shall not conduct any public relations or marketing activities in China. Any public relations or marketing activities by Party B and its agent or employees shall be subject to the opinion of Party A. Party B shall not disseminate the circumstances of Party A’s business performance to anyone.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

Article 7 Party A’s Rights and Obligations

 

1. According to the exclusive license under this Agreement, Party A shall have the right to exclusively operate LAW in the mainland of China and to pay a License Fee and a revenue share to Party B.

 

2. Party A shall have the right to examine the product version provided by Party B and, if Party B finds any problems, to request Party B to rectify any problems at any time in order to ensure the normal operation of the Licensed Product.

 

3. Party A shall launch the open test within six (6) months after receiving the original disk and the relevant documents and obtain all the necessary permits for the commercial operation in the PRC.

 

4. Party A shall have the right to decide on the promotion strategies of the Licensed Product independently and to implement it.

 

5. All relevant costs and expenses that occur during the operation of the Licensed Product shall be borne by Party A. The “relevant costs and expenses” shall include without limitation the fees of servers, the fees of the data base software, the fees charged for the deposit of servers and the use of broadband network, commercial issuing fees for the product, all the purchase cost and maintenance fees of servers, the fees charged for the support and call centre necessary for the product and relevant software, the design and issuing fees charged for the promotion of the product (including the fees for making cards, CDs, advertisements, posters and presents) and the distribution channel promotion fees.

 

6. Party A is responsible for securing the approvals for publishing the Licensed Product from the relevant authorities of the PRC and obtaining all the permits necessary for the commercial operation of the Licensed Product in the PRC. Party B shall assist Party A to conduct such application and shall provide the relevant documents required for the approvals or permits in accordance with the relevant regulations of the PRC.

 

7. Party A shall bear the cost of the fixed assets for the market operation of the Licensed Product, management and operating costs, customer service costs and public relations and market promotion expenses, including the joint advertisement by both Parties, business advertising, storefront advertising, in-store promotions and any other necessary promotion activities. If the market promotion undertaken by Party A requests the assistance of Party B, Party A shall consult with Party B in advance.

 

8. Party A agrees to provide a monthly sales report to Party B, which shall contain gross sales, the number of paid consumers and the number of concurrent users each month.

 

9. Party A assures that its employees will comply with the intellectual property requirements and shall supervise and prohibit its employees from disassembling, modifying, reverse engineering or copying the Licensed Product without the written consent of Party B.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

10. Party A shall possess the ownership of the user database and the charging data.

 

11. To avoid any misunderstanding, the Parties intend to allow the users to use the Licensed Product and obtain the user end software free of charge in the early stages of the cooperation.

 

12. Party A shall guarantee the safety of the Licensed Product’s programs, documents and source code and shall protect them from the negative impact of commercial operations or any other usages of the Licensed Product because of a leakage in the aforesaid information.

Article 8 Installation, Maintenance and Training

 

1. Party B shall assist Party A in the installation of the Licensed Product. During the Term of this Agreement, Party B shall provide the technology service required for the installation and maintenance of the Licensed Product free of charge to Party A and protect the relevant program from being destroyed on Party A’s website and timely remove any defects with the Licensed Product.

 

2. If problems with the game’s code system arise during the service of the Licensed Product, and Party A could not fix them with its best effort, Party A shall notify Party B of the problems. After receiving Party A’ s notice, Party B shall settle the problem as soon as possible in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. When the Licensed Product is attacked by hackers or other control software in China, the Parties shall solve the problem cooperatively.

 

3. If online game players decrease materially, the Parties shall cooperate to find the reason, and Party B shall make its best endeavor to provide the new upgraded version in order to increase the new game’s content, correct the game’s defects and fix up the game’s problems, etc. Party B shall make its best endeavor, such as increase market promotion. The Parties shall make their best effort jointly to bring the number of original online game players back to its original level.

 

4. Party B shall actively respond to Party A’s maintenance request. Within a normal working time, Party A shall contact the technology personnel designated by Party B through MSN, telephone or by means of face-to-face contact. The designated personnel shall timely answer Party A’s various technology problems. The designated personnel shall be available 7×24 hour by phone for any emergency call.

 

5. If Party A encounters any serious technology problems which cannot be fixed independently during the service of the Licensed Product (such as the defects or problems with the game’s security), or the reasonable program’s change or upgrade aimed to improve the quality of the game and the efficiency of management, Party A shall demand formal technology support from the technology personnel designated by Party B, and Party B shall make its best endeavor to fix all of the problems within the term agreed by Party A.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

Article 9 Copyright and Guarantee

 

1. Party B represents and warrants to Party A:

 

  (1) Party B warrants that it owns and controls the sufficient copyright and intellectual property right of the Licensed Product and has sufficient right to the source code, all of the images and characters, symbols, etc. of the Licensed Product.

 

  (2) There are no disputes over the copyright of the Licensed Product within the term of this Agreement. The Licensed Product does not have any infringement actions against it.

 

  (3) The content of the Licensed Product does not contain any slander or imputation against any entity.

 

  (4) The Licensed Product does not contain material defects.

 

2. Any defect of the product program found within the term of this Agreement (excluding the scope of faults or viruses herein), shall be modified after the consent of the Parties.

 

3. Once the third party has alleged or threatens to allege the copyright and intellectual property right of the Licensed Product, Party A can take part in the dispute settlement at any time. However, if the third party claims the right and any indemnification with regard to the copyright and intellectual property right of the Licensed Product, Party B shall settle the problem independently and guarantee that Party A’s interest shall not be harmed. If Party A suffers from the aforesaid, Party B shall indemnify all of Party A’s losses.

 

4. Party B shall be independently responsible for litigation, loss and indemnification arising from the copyright of the Licensed Product.

Article 10 Breach of Contract and Termination

 

1. Except for a Force Majeure event as defined in Article 14 hereunder, if one Party fails to perform the obligations herein without any reasonable reasons and cannot rectify its non-performance within seven (7) days after receiving the written notice from the non-defaulting Party, it shall be regarded as a breach of contract.

 

2. The defaulting Party shall be responsible for the loss suffered by the other Party from the default event, including but not limited to, the loss, the attorney’s fee and the relevant litigation expense.

 

3. If Party A fails to perform its obligations under Article 7, in addition to the right to claim Party A’s breach of contract under Article 10.1 and 10.2, Party B shall have the right to request Party A to indemnify in an amount of 0.5% of the payable License Fees payable per day until Party A continues to perform its obligations again.

 

4. If Party B fails to perform the obligations under Article 6, in addition to the right to claim for Party A’s breach of contract under Article 10.1 and 10.2, Party B shall have the right to request Party A to indemnify in an amount of 0.5% of the payable License Fees payable per day until Party A continues to perform its obligations again.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

5. According to the schedule in Article 3.2, if Party B fails by its own fault to achieve the relevant work after a six (6) months delay, Party A has the right to terminate this Agreement and request Party B to provide the relevant source code of the Licensed Product to it and its affiliate designated by Party A for independent development and possession of the relevant intellectual property rights.

 

6. In the event that Party B discloses the source code or another product’s confidential information, which damages Party A’s interests, then Party A could terminate this Agreement.

 

7. If the Licensed Product has a critical error and Party B fails to solve it within fifteen (15) days, which prevents the Licensed Product from operating commercially and entering into the market, then Party A could terminate this Agreement. Critical error refers to the program problems which naturally affect the normal operation and cannot be solved, the disclosure and loss of source code caused by market reasons and the connection problem between the service operation and the charging system. However, before the termination of this Agreement, the Parties shall convene a meeting to settle the aforesaid problems jointly.

 

8. If Party B delays to provide products or cannot implement its promise of technology development and support for more than three (3) months, or the product is unusable for commercial operation, then Party A has the right to terminate this Agreement.

 

9. If Party A terminates this Agreement for the aforesaid reasons, Party A could obtain the product’s source code, and Party B shall keep the copyright of the Licensed Product.

 

10. If Party B is dissolved or liquidated for other reasons, then all of the source code and copyright of the Licensed Product would belong to Party A, and this Agreement shall be terminated automatically.

 

11. In the event of the following, Party B has the right to terminate this Agreement and license the product to a third party:

 

  (a) Without Party B’s consent, Party A delays its payment for more than three (3) months;

 

  (b) Without Party B’s consent, Party A unilaterally transfers its rights and obligations herein to a third party other than an affiliate of Party A;

 

  (c) Party A discloses or releases the program, files and source code of the Licensed Product obtained from Party B, which affects the business operation of the Licensed Product or the interest of Party B.

Article 11 Confidentiality

 

1.

The content of this Agreement and the business, financial or relevant information received by one Party from the other Party for the execution, implementation of this Agreement are confidential information. The Parties shall make their effort to supervise their counsels, proxy or employees to maintain the confidentiality of the relevant information. Without the written consent of the


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

 

counterpart, neither Party shall disclose any confidential information mentioned in this Agreement to a third party, except to the professional counsels of such Parties. Meanwhile, Party B could file a copy of this Agreement or copied information with the relevant governmental authorities in order to obtain tax preferential treatment.

 

2. This Article shall not be applicable to the information disclosure caused by legal procedure, data request claimed by the State Finance Department and other non-fault reasons.

 

3. The provisions of this Agreement shall be kept strictly confidential. Within the cooperation term and two (2) years after that, the Parties shall not disclose any of the Parties or any of confidential information herein in any form or manner to any third party or at any place (including websites).

Article 12 Compliance with Laws

The Parties agree that they shall comply with PRC laws and all other applicable laws and regulations while providing product service, product maintenance, treating customers, media and competitors, including but not limited to the relevant online media, telecom service, data privacy and intellectual property protection.

Article 13 Force Majeure

 

1. Neither Party shall be responsible for delay in the performance and default caused by a Force Majeure event. Force Majeure includes but is not limited to fires, wars, strikes, governmental bans, law requirements or changes, and other circumstances whose occurrence and consequence cannot be foreseen, prevented and avoided. If relevant provisions of this Agreement could not be performed due to the Force Majeure event, the Parties shall consult with each other to determine whether part of the obligations under this Agreement could be terminated or waived to the extent affected by such Force Majeure event.

 

  (a) Acts of nature, earthquake, flood, typhoon, explosion;

 

  (b) Various kinds of disastrous disease;

 

  (c) Revolt, riot, turbulence, declared or undeclared war;

 

  (d) Any laws, rules, orders, decrees (including a government ban on game publication or its use), authority interference promulgated by the governmental authority within the territory of this Agreement, which are applicable to this Agreement or either party or any other reasons which could not be avoided by the Parties;

 

  (e) Strikes or other labor dispute;

 

  (f) Chaos in the supply of important energy resource (including but not limited to the electric power supply);


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

  (g) Collapse of the computer system or communication interruption.

 

2. The Party affected by the Force Majeure event shall promptly notify the other Party of the occurrence of such event of Force Majeure and shall, within twenty (20) days after the event’s occurrence, notify the other Party in writing concerning the occurrence of the event, remedy actions and the reason of default.

Article 14 Non Cooperative or Association relationship

The Parties did not establish the relationship of proxy, association or joint venture through this Agreement. Without the consent of one Party, the other Party shall not unilaterally use the counterpart’s trademark, label or company name.

Article 15 Market Promotion

 

1. Party A has the right to decide the market promotion strategy of the Licensed Product. Party A warrants that the market promotion expense for the Licensed Product will be no less than * .

 

2. Without a written license from Party A, Party B shall not conduct any public relationship or marketing activities related to the Licensed Product in China. Party B shall request Party A’s opinion for any activities of public relationship or marketing actions conducted by Party B, its proxy, employees or itself related to the Licensed Product. Party B shall not disseminate any of Party A’s operational performance situations.

Article 16 Notice

Notices between the Parties shall be in writing and delivered personally, or sent by registered mail or by facsimile transmission (e-mail is also allowed, but, due to the instability of e-mail, it shall not be regarded as the sole manner of delivering formal notice under this Agreement).

Article 17 Governing Law and Dispute Resolution

 

1. Any dispute arising from this Agreement, including any dispute regarding its existence, validity or termination, etc. hereunder shall be settled at the Beijing Arbitration Commission in accordance with its arbitration rules, and the arbitration shall take place in Beijing.

 

2. The conclusion, performance, interpretation and dispute settlement of this Agreement shall be governed by PRC laws.

(No Text Below)

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC .

 

Each of the Parties hereto has caused this Agreement to be executed on the date first set forth above and this Agreement is made in four (4) original copies and each party holds two (2) original copies.

Party A: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (SEAL)

By: /s/ Tao Wang

Authorized Representative:

Date:

Party B: Guangzhou No. Nine Art Network Technology Co, Ltd. (SEAL)

By: /s/ Qing Zhao

Authorized Representative:

Date: December 3, 2007

Exhibit 10.27

Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

English Translation

Online Game of Tian Long Ba Bu

Proxy and License Agreement

Traditional Chinese Version (Taiwan Region)

Licensor (Party A): Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Licensee (Party B): (Taiwan) Soft-World International Corp.

Date: December 25, 2007

Place of Signing: Beijing


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

THIS PROXY AND LICENSE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of December 25, 2007 by and between Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated and validly existing under the laws of the PRC and having its registered office at Room 1197, Tower 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-tech Industrial Area, Shijingshan District, Beijing, and (Taiwan) Soft-World International Corp. (Taiwan) (“Soft-World”), a company incorporated and validly existing under the laws of Taiwan and having its main site of business operation at No. 99-10, Sec. 2, Nangang Rd., Taipei City, Taiwan Province.

NOW THEREFORE, both Parties through mutual negotiation agree as follows:

 

1. Definition and Interpretation

 

1.1 Product: the online game of Tian Long Ba Bu (“TLBB”) (Traditional Chinese Version) which Gamease holds its copyright, including the online game software named “TLBB” in Chinese, and any online game-related products developed in connection with the subject and content above, including the updated version of the aforesaid traditional Chinese version. The functions which may be realized in the product and technology measures and the necessary software tools and hardware for implementing the functions have been fully described in the description of the Licensed Product (for the details please refer to Appendix 1 hereto). The description of the Licensed Product and the copy of the copyright certificate constitute an inseverable part of the description for the target product under this Agreement.

 

1.2 Service: all activities that Gamease develop and offer to users of the online game TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) and the instruments and equipment used in these activities.

 

1.3 User: any person that plays the online game TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) connected with the network platform provided by Soft-World.

 

1.4 PC: personal computer based on operating systems compatible with Win32, such as Window98, 2000, ME, XP and Vista.

 

1.4 System: all software and hardware or any operating platform developed by either Party hereto for providing game services.

 

1.5

Service Fee: the payment made by users in cash or otherwise acceptable to Soft-World for access to the online game of TLBB and the specific function(s) in this game within a certain period of time. The service fee shall be calculated in the currency of certain amount and collected in the form of prepaid cards, virtual item cards, virtual game cards, charging prepaid cards, data bundle, selling virtual items or other applicable manners (the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue of the Guide Book and Game-related Products shall be calculated separately). Both Parties agree that the data shown in the charging system of TLBB


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

 

(Traditional Chinese Version) installed by Soft-World with the assistance of Gamease shall be the basis for settlement of the service fee and the computation basis for the Share of Monthly Sale Revenue for the previous month. The service fee in this Agreement shall be calculated once a month.

Note: Service Fee = recharging points shown in the charging system    ×    [1]NT$/Point

 

1.6 Localization: localization of the Chinese traditional version game that Soft-World undertakes with the necessary support from Gamease in this process. Gamease shall, after the execution of this Agreement, deliver the clean game text to Soft-World for its translation and double-check in the text format as Gamease demands, after which the text shall be returned to Gamease. In a certain period of time after that, Gamease shall provide the materials package of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) to Soft-World. The process also applies to the subsequent renewals. Gamease shall provide the technical support for localizing the TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version), in reference to the specific needs and in accordance with the standards made by Soft-World, to adapt to the network environment within the scope of the license and the performance of PCs and to satisfy the needs for commercial operation. In this Agreement, the “TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version)” refers to the completely localized version of TLBB.

 

1.7 Commercialization: sale of all forms of the service fee caused when Soft-World provides services to users through various commercial channels. In consideration of the commercialization of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version), an agreement shall be executed concerning the charging standard of the service fee. After mutual agreement, the service fee for TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) could be adjusted to some extent. Pursuant to this charging standard, Soft-World may adjust accordingly the online category and price of the service fee based on the conditions of the local market. Each adjustment shall be notified to Gamease in the monthly Statement of Royalty. The commencement date of commercialization shall be determined by Soft-World according to the market environment, opportunities and the content of the products within the scope of the license. Soft-World shall take the advice and interests of Gamease seriously.

Both Parties agree that the commencement date of TLBB’s commercialization (Traditional Chinese Version) shall not be later than one hundred and eighty (180) days after the execution of this Agreement. The exact date of commercialization shall be determined by both Parties through negotiation.

 

1.8 Official Charging in the Mall: opening the Items Selling System in TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) to users within the scope of the license and provision of fee-collecting services hereafter referred to as official charging.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

1.9 Game-related Products: the physical objects related to the content of the game developed by Gamease or through relevant authorization, including the dolls of characters in the game, the stationery, toys and publications related to the content of the game, the clothing, decoration and commodities related to the image of the characters with the game’s LOGO, the tools of the game, mobile images, ringtones and so on.

 

1.10 Revenue from Game-related Products: the portion of the gross revenue from the Game-related Products generated by Soft-World or by its authorized persons, to which Gamese is entitled to receive.

 

1.11 License Royalty: the proceeds that Gamease is entitled to obtain as the developer and technology supporter of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) for authorizing Soft-World to utilize and operate TLBB, including the royalty, additional royalty, share of monthly sales and the proceeds from the Game-related Products. The authorized income shall be paid by Soft-World to Gamease in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Agreement.

 

1.12 Technological Service: the periodic renewal of the game’s content, server upgrades, provision of the updated detailed text, advice made to the sales strategy of the commodities in the Mall, the system’s remote maintenance, the solutions to emergencies and illegal plug-ins.

 

1.13 Open Pack: as also called starter pack, a package containing the starter (practicing) points or game currency for game demos by players or for them to buy virtual items in the mall and the virtual items for promotion.

 

1.14 Charging Prepaid Card: a commodity by which ordinary consumers may, after recharging the par value of billing cards, accumulate points in this charging mechanism and deduct points in light of the playing time, consumption of virtual items, etc. It includes materials cards or virtual cards of all sorts, such as prepaid cards, virtual prepaid cards, monthly cards, virtual item point cards and the billing points contained in the relevant set of goods.

 

1.15 Product Package: products containing virtual items open to users’ purchase, such as billing point cards, game CDs, etc.

 

1.16 Guide Book: a reference book for the ordinary consumers to play the game smoothly.

 

1.17 Publications: in addition to the guide book, all other printing materials published in connection with TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version).


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

1.18 Virtual Items: all sorts of virtual items in the game.

 

2. Scope of License

 

2.1 Grant, Scope and Term of License

Pursuant to the following terms and conditions, Gamease hereby grants Soft-World the exclusive proxy right to act as the agent for TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) in Taiwan (hereafter referred as “the Scope of License”). The term of the license of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) shall commence and come into effect as of the date of the execution of this License Agreement and terminate on the third anniversary date from the date of the official charging of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) (which shall be displayed on the charging system)

 

  (a) The exclusive proxy rights Gamease grants to Soft-World shall include the following:

 

  i. to distribute, demonstrate and display of the client end;

 

  ii. to sell, market or distribute directly to the users or conduct such activities through sales agents or dealers;

 

  iii. to permit the ultimate end users to use the products within the scope of the license;

 

  iv. to provide maintenance and support services, including but not limited to technical support, software support, consumer service and online consumer service and provision of services to the ultimate end users pursuant to the regulations on Soft-World’s customer services;

 

  v. to install, copy, save the server programs for providing necessary services;

 

  vi. to sell the Game-related Products, material objects or virtual items pack, the open pack (starter pack) and the client end within the scope of the license;

 

  (b) Soft-World hereby acknowledges, represents and warrants that, without the prior written consent from Gamease, it shall not use this product for any other purpose, and it shall not operate TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) and sell the related products in places beyond the scope of the license in any manner.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

2.2 Modifications and Upgrade of the Game

 

  (a) Gamease agrees that, within three (3) years from the date of the official charging, it shall conduct a large-scale modification or upgrade to TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) every six (6) months. Since TLBB is an Item Mall, Gamease shall upgrade the virtual items in the Mall every month to facilitate the operation in the local market. The exact amount of the virtual items shall be agreed upon by both Parties.

 

  (b) Sublicense: without prior written consent from Gamease, Soft-World shall not sublicense, designate or assign any right relating to the product or any part of it or any right granted pursuant to this Agreement to any third Party (except for Game Flier International Corp., a subsidiary of Soft-World, with written acknowledgement of Gamease). To be precise, the license granted pursuant to this Agreement shall be enjoyed by Soft-World only. Without the prior written consent from Gamease, no right and obligation assumed by Soft-World shall be assigned, allotted, pledged, sold, mortgaged, sublicensed to any third Party and shall be mortgaged or disposed of to any third Party directly or indirectly, partly or in whole, legally or illegally. Any assignment, allotment, pledge, sale, mortgage or sub-license of TLBB made without prior consent of Gamease shall be null and void.

 

2.3 Intellectual Property Right

 

  (a) During the performance of this Agreement, both Parties shall jointly complete the record-filling and registration procedures for TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) with the scope of the license. Soft-World shall be responsible for the relevant application procedures and the total costs, and Gamease shall provide the necessary assistance in accordance with the relevant government regulations within the scope of the license. No registration file shall be deemed as alteration, assignment or forfeiture of any of Gamease’s intellectual property right in the Licensed Product.

 

  (b) The ownership of the trademark of TLBB belongs to Gamease. During the performance of this Agreement, Soft-World may use the trademark of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) within the scope of the license, and it shall be obligated to protect the trademark against infringement. During the term of cooperation, Soft-World shall use the existing trademark and symbol of TLBB, to which no alterations shall be made without the prior written consent of Gamease.

 

  (c)

Soft-World hereby warrants that each set of user end will be sold through the product distribution channels, and the image,


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

 

symbol and trademark of Gamease and TLBB will be printed or shown on each of the packagings, posters or advertisements. The draft design of the packaging, poster or relevant advertisements shall be subject to examination and confirmation of Gamease in advance.

 

  (d) Soft-World hereby agrees to terminate the operation of TLBB in the licensed areas upon termination of this Agreement, not to collect revenue and return to Gamease the copyright, trademark use right, all relevant certificates of approval and all other authorizations obtained for the performance of this Agreement. Meanwhile, Soft-World hereby agrees that it shall, within three (3) months upon the termination of this Agreement, return to Gamease relevant data (including the data on the users, the game, etc.), information (such as technological know-hows, designs, materials, patents and technologies, etc. ) relating to the operation of the game.

 

  (e) In the event there is a potential infringement action against the Licensed Product or an unfair competition action from any third Party, which is acknowledged by one Party, such Party shall notify the other Party immediately. Both Parties shall take reasonable measures to prevent or stop the third Party from undertaking an infringement or unfair competition action. As the owner of the copyright, Gamease is entitled to take protective measures at its own discretion. If necessary, Gamease and Soft-World shall jointly take protective measures to prevent or stop the infringement or unfair competition action. Gamease may, by issuing a power of attorney to Soft-World, authorize the latter to be in charge of the actual implementation of such measures within the scope of the license.

 

  (f) Soft-World shall, within one hundred and eighty (180) days upon the execution of this Agreement, officially start operating the game (launching the commercialization of the game) within the scope of the license. If Soft-World fails to officially start operating the game within the aforesaid 180 days, Gamease shall have the right to terminate this contract unilaterally and take back the copyright and the use rights of the other intellectual property. Soft-World shall be entitled to claim neither the refund of the royalty paid to Gamease nor any economic loss from Gamease.

 

3. Assignment and Implementation of Product

 

3.1 Localization

 

  (a)

Upon the execution of this Agreement, Gamease shall deliver to Soft-World a list of game texts that are required to be translated, and Soft-World shall translate in the format required by Gamease, double-check and shall return the


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

 

translated text to Gamease within twelve (12) business days from the receipt of the list. Gamease shall, within twelve (12) business days upon receipt of the translated texts, provide to Soft-World the original version of the game. Then, Soft-World shall conduct the test with the relevant technical support from Gamease.

 

  (b) Gamease agrees to make its best effort to assist Soft-World in the localization work.

 

  (c) Both Parties shall undertake the cost and expenses in connection with the localization work at their own expense.

 

3.2 Internal Test

Internal Test is a free service that Soft-World provides to the users within a certain time period after the completion of the localization work for improving the functions of the system and preparing the commercialization operation. Both Parties agrees to start the internal test when the system meets the requirements set out in the quality acceptance manual upon both Parties’ confirmation. The period of internal test shall be determined by Soft-World through consultation with Gamease based on the progress and the conditions of the market. However, this period shall be not later than the commercialization progress provided for by this Agreement.

 

4. System Installation

 

4.1 Gamease shall equip Soft-World with all the necessary software, instrument and instructions, and provide the description of the Licensed Product as indicated in Appendix 1, to enable Soft-World to provide TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) to, and collect the service fee from, the users. Upon the execution of this Agreement, Gamease shall equip Soft-World with the following software and documents:

 

  (a) The LINUX-based server programs of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version);

 

  (b) The user-end programs of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) based on Win32 Direct X;

 

  (c) The structure files of the database of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version);

 

  (d) The structure files in the database of the charging system of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version);


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

  (e) Description of the product—game’s content, functions, characters, performance index, upgrading plan and manual of relevant system functions;

 

  (f) Other software and files related to the operation of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) (including the Guide Book and the search for the relevant guides); and

 

  (g) TLBB—relevant materials in connection with the official Chinese simplified version website.

Gamease shall provide the aforesaid to Soft-World within five (5) business days upon the execution of this Agreement.

 

4.2 Soft-World shall be responsible for the operating expenses in connection with the installation of the servers and rent of the networks during the period of system installation. The place of system installation and the number of the systems to be installed shall be determined by Soft-World in accordance with the technology manual provided by Gamease. Gamease shall be responsible for guaranteeing the performance index of the systems in compliance with the manual and the standards referred to in the description of the Licensed Product.

 

4.3 During the period of system installation, Soft-World shall cooperate upon Gamease’s request.

 

5. Technical Support and Safety

 

5.1 Gamease hereby agrees to disclose to Soft-World all the information related to running programs and deliver to Soft-World in writing the basic information in connection with the maintenance of the system.

 

5.2 Gamease shall take advance protective measures to the source code and executable programs of the game and deliver to Soft-World in the form of memorandum. During the term of the license pursuant to this Agreement, Gamease shall bear all the losses incurred by the leakage of executable programs of the game caused by the inadequate protection by Gamease, and Soft-World shall bear all the losses incurred by the leakage of executable programs of the game caused by the inadequate protection by Soft-World. The losses shall include without limitation the direct economic losses and other relevant losses of the Parties hereto and compensations made to relevant third Parties.

 

5.3 In the event that serious accidents occur due to the improper action or delay of technical support and/or maintenance, both Parties shall further discuss the protective measures towards such accidents in addition to undertaking prompt measures.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

5.4 In order to ensure the normal operation of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version), Gamease shall keep the bona fide cooperation with Soft-World and dispatch relevant technical personnel to Taiwan if necessary. The expenses incurred in connection with the dispatch of technical personnel to the places within the scope of the license shall be borne by Soft-World, including the accommodation costs, the flight tickets and the local transport costs. The Parties agree to cooperate and assist the employees in handling the customs clearance procedures required when going from the place where one Party is located to the other Party’s location.

 

5.5 Time Limit for Technology Response

In consideration of the requirements of Soft-World regarding technical support, Gamease’s time limit for technology response is set out below:

 

  (a) Partial Problems: In the event that a single player, server or line has abnormal services, Gamease shall offer technical support within twenty-four (24) hours after receipt of the unusual circumstance (not including non-business days) and shall resolve it within 3 × 24 hours.

 

  (b) General problems: In the event that most of the players cannot play the game normally due to system reasons, Gamease shall resolve it within twenty-four (24) hours upon the receipt of the problem (not including non-business days). Where the server module has any fault (such as the login system, game service system, etc.), Gamease shall endeavor to offer technical support immediately and shall resolve it within forty-eight (48) hours.

 

  (c) As for problems difficult to be identified or solved in a short time, Gamease shall make its best effort to offer cooperation for the timely settlement.

 

  (d) Both Parties confirm that, the technical support aforesaid shall be conducted in the form of BBS, telephone, facsimile, email, MSN, etc.

 

5.6 Training and Technical Support

Gamease shall provide the technical personnel of Soft-World with the necessary technical training. Gamease shall bear the expenses for the first time visit by its technical personnel to Taiwan in connection with the formalities of Taiwan and his or her


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

round-trip tickets, but the accommodation costs, transport costs and training fees in Taiwan shall be borne by Soft-World. After that, if the technical personnel of Gamease visit Taiwan upon the request of Soft-World, the expenses for the formalities shall be borne by Gamease, and the expenses of the round-trip tickets to Taiwan, the accommodation costs, and all the transport costs in Taiwan shall be borne by Soft-World. The number of the technical personnel to be dispatched, the time, place, content and the manner of the training shall be determined through separate consultation according to the requirement of Soft-World and confirmed in writing.

Gamease hereby warrants that at least one technical person will be online for twenty-four (24) hours a day and will be responsible for providing necessary technical support and solve any emergency technical fault.

 

5.7 Content Guaranty and Upgrade

Within thirty (30) days after the execution of this Agreement, Gamease shall deliver to Soft-World the content plan of the game, including but not limited to the game map, instrument, features of the characters, abilities of the characters, game tasks, the quantitative standard and system framework of challenges for each level, the data in official website of TLBB (Simplified Chinese Version), the list of the virtual tools, etc. Soft-World shall have the right to demand Gamease to improve the quality and quantity of this plan. Gamease may start to carry out this plan after mutual confirmation from both Parties. Within the valid term of this Agreement, Gamease shall, according to the requirement of development, conduct a large-scale modification or upgrading every six (6) months, and Soft-World shall, according to the requirement of Gamease, provide corresponding support and cooperation and be responsible for the relevant localization work.

 

5.8 Gamease shall provide to Soft-World all the reasonable assistance in building the server systems, including without limitation the building of the game server, the database server and the login server, and install the relevant software in the server systems.

 

5.9 Soft-World shall be responsible for setting up the charging system and User Registration, and Gamease shall be in charge of the technical work involved in the building of the login system and internal charging system of the game. Gamease may provide the programme of updates of internal charging system, and Soft-World may install the programs provided by Gamease or authorize Gamease to complete it. Both Parties shall jointly complete the connection of the systems, and Soft-World shall offer the backstage entrance of the charging system to Gamease for its check of charge historical information at any time.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

6. Licensed Proceeds

 

6.1 Royalty

The royalty payable by Soft-World shall be US$    *    (which shall not be returned once paid to Gamease), including 20% of which shall be withheld in Taiwan as income taxes. All payments shall be conducted in accordance with the tax withholding procedures as required by the laws of Taiwan. Soft-World shall provide to Gamease the tax payment receipts issued by the relevant government department.

 

  6.1.1 Payment of the Royalty

 

  (a) Soft-World shall remit US$    *    as    *    % of the royalty to the bank account designated by Gamease within seven (7) working days as of the date of execution of this Agreement and upon receiving the invoice issued by Gamease;

 

  (b) Soft-World shall remit US$    *    as    *    % of the royalty to the bank account designated by Gamease within seven (7) working days as of date of commencement of the internal test of TLBB and upon receiving the invoice issued by Gamease;

 

  (c) Soft-World shall remit US$    *    as the last    *    % of the royalty to the bank account designated by Gamease within seven (7) working days as of date of official charging of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) and upon receiving the invoice issued by Gamease;

 

6.2 Additional Royalty

 

  6.2.1 After the official charging of TLBB operated by Soft-World, if the service fee collected by Soft-World in a month reaches NT$    *, Soft-World shall, within ten (10) business days of the following month, provide the royalty statement to Gamease and pay an additional royalty equivalent to US$    *    to Gamease in lump sum within ten (10) business days as of the submission date of the statement and as of the date upon which Gamease granted written consent.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

After that, in the event that the service fee collected by Soft-World in a month reaches NT$    *     , Soft-World shall, within ten (10) business days of following month, provide the royalty statement to Gamease and pay an additional royalty equivalent to US$    *    to Gamease in lump sum within ten (10) business days as of the submission date of the statement and as of the date upon which Gamease granted written consent. After that, if the service fee collected by Soft-World in a month reaches NT$    *    , Soft-World shall, within ten (10) business days of the following month, provide the royalty statement to Gamease, and pay an additional royalty equivalent to US$    *    to Gamease in lump sum within ten (10) business days as of the submission date of the statement and as of the date upon which Gamease granted written consent. The maximum amount of additional royalty is US$    *    , and it shall not be increased after achieving US$    *    .

OR

 

  6.2.2 After the official charging of TLBB operated by Soft-World, if the service fee collected by Soft-World in a month directly reaches NT$    *    , Soft-World shall, after obtaining the written consent from Gamease, pay an additional royalty equivalent to US$    *    to Gamease in lump sum within twenty (20) days of following month. After that, if the service fee collected by Soft-World in a month reaches NT$    *    , Soft-World shall, after obtaining the written consent from Gamease, pay an additional royalty equivalent to US$    *    to Gamease in lump sum within twenty (20) days of following month. The maximum amount of additional royalty is US$    *    , and it shall not be increased after achieving US$    *    .

OR

 

  6.2.3 After the official charging of TLBB operated by Soft-World, in the event that the service fee collected by Soft-World in a month directly reaches NT$    *    , Soft-World shall, after obtaining the written consent from Gamease, pay an additional royalty equivalent to US$    *    to Gamease in lump sum within twenty (20) days of following month. The maximum amount of additional royalty is US$    *    , and it shall not be increased after achieving US$    *    .

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

6.3 Share of Monthly Sales Revenue

Besides the royalty and additional royalties, Soft-World shall pay    *    % of the service fee to Gamease as a Share of Monthly Sales Revenue. The computation formula of the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue is as follows:

Share of Monthly Sales Revenue = Service Fee ×    *    %

 

  6.3.1 Payment of the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue:

 

  (a) Both Parties shall, commencing from the date of official charging of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) onwards, confirm the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue for the previous month based on the data provided by the charging system of the TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version), which is installed by Soft-World with Gamease’s assistance. Both Parties agree to apply the natural month as the settlement month for settling the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue. Soft-World shall provide to Gamease the data of operation and sales data for the previous month (the Settlement Statement for Sales) prior to the 10th day of each month. After confirmation by Gamease, Soft-World shall remit the Share of Monthly Sale Revenue for the previous month to the bank account designated by Gamease within seven (7) working days as of the date upon receipt of the invoice issued by Gamease. The settlement and payment of the Share of Monthly Sale Revenue is illuminated as follows:

If TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) officially starts charging on January 10, 2008, the royalty settlement statement for sales between January 10 th and January 31 st shall be provided to Gamease on February 10 th . The royalty statement shall be made in US Dollar, and the exchange rate shall apply the exchange rate announced by the Bank of Taiwan as of the last date of the previous month. After confirmation by both Parties of the previous month’s sales revenue, Soft-World shall remit the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue to the bank account designated by Gamease within seven (7) business days as of date upon receipt of the invoice issued by Gamease.

 

  (b) When paying the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue to Gamease, Soft-World shall convert the amount into US Dollars in accordance with the exchange rate announced by the Bank of Taiwan at the last day of the settlement month.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

6.4 Share of Sales Income from Game-Related Products and the Guide Book

The computation formula of Share of Income from Game-Related Products is equal to the quantity of products sold × actual market price ×    *    %.

Soft-World shall, when producing and selling, or authorizing others to produce and sell the Game-related Products as provided for in this Agreement, give a ten (10) business days’ notice in writing in advance to Gamease, which shall include the category, quantity, sales price and sale date. Gamease shall complete the written confirmations within five (5) days upon receiving the written notices on whether it agrees to the production of any of the Game-related Products. Soft-World shall record the sales of income on the royalty statement of the following month after selling the products, and pay, after confirmation by both Parties, the share of the income from Game-related Products of the previous month to Gamease and remit such share of income to the bank account designated by Gamease on the 20th day of the month of submitting the royalty statement or within seven (7) business days upon receipt of the invoice issued by Gamease (whichever is later).

 

6.5 Gamease authorizes in writing Soft-World to sell the virtual items within the product package. The production and sale of the virtual items within the product package shall be subject to the prior written confirmation of Gamease. The price of the product package shall be agreed upon by both Parties, and the product shall not be sold without the prior written confirmation of Gamease. Soft-World shall report to Gamease the sales quantity and amount of the product packages sold for the previous month prior to the 10th day of each month and pay the share of sale income to Gamease within seven (7) days upon the receipt of the invoice issued by Gamease.

Share of sales income = sales income of product packages per month ×    *    %

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

6.6 Non-charging prepaid cards and starter cards pack containing only starter (practicing) points and material starter pack (including the CD) valued at NT$    *    are only used to attract players and promote the products, instead of being used for profit making purposes. Soft-World shall notify Gamease, by mail one month in advance, of the number of products to be provided as gifts, and it shall not sell the package of these products without obtaining the consent of Gamease. Soft-World shall not be responsible for paying any royalty or expenses to Gamease for such promotion-based product packages.

 

6.7 Tax: during the term of performance of this Agreement, each Party shall be responsible for the taxes or expenses payable by themselves as required by the governmental departments within the scope of the license. Both Parties agree that all payments aforesaid (including the royalty, additional royalty, Share of Monthly Sales Revenue, Share of Income from Game-related Products and the guide book, etc.) shall be withheld at the rate of 20% in Taiwan in accordance with the laws of Taiwan. Soft-World shall provide to Gamease the tax payment receipts issued by the relevant government department.

 

6.8 Payment arrangement: both Parties agree that all the expenses and revenues, during the term of performance, shall be calculated in NT$ and all payments shall be made in US$. When paying the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue to Gamease, Soft-World shall convert the amount into US Dollars in accordance with the exchange rate announced by Bank of Taiwan as of the last day of the settlement month.

Account Name: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Account Bank: *

Account No.: *

Swift code: *

 

6.9 Both Parties shall share the monthly sales income from Game-related Products and the guide book in accordance with the provisions of Article 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5, and Gamease shall not return the payments back to Soft-World after settlement. If Soft-World ceases the operation of TLBB in Taiwan, all matters, including user refund issue, shall be solved by Soft-World, and Gamease has no obligation on such matters.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

7. Confidentiality and Information Exchange

 

7.1 Confidentiality

Both Parties agree to keep all the commercial secrets under this Agreement confidential and, without prior written consent from both Parties, shall not disclose these secrets to any person or any third Party at time or any place. No one shall disclose these secrets to any person or any third Party at any time or place.

The following circumstances shall survive the previous paragraph:

 

  (a) available to the public under normal circumstances;

 

  (b) disclosed by the information holder and announced clearly not to be confidential;

 

  (c) known or to be known by the information insiders without the violation of this Agreement or the obligations of confidentiality;

 

  (d) found by the information insiders independently;

 

  (e) required to disclose due to litigations, taxes or government orders.

If the information is disclosed to consultants of either Party or to the government, the relevant consultants shall be governed by this Article.

 

7.2 Information Exchange

Soft-World shall, on the 10 th day of each month, provide a note of bill and a written report in Chinese concerning the sales revenue, the number of applying users, the total number of registered users and the market promotion to Gamease. Soft-World shall provide these documents to Gamease or to its authorized representatives for inspection in the place and manner designated by Gamease.

Gamease shall provide the note of bill and a written report in Chinese concerning the technology upgrades, system maintenance, content renewal and development progress to Soft-World every month. Gamease shall provide these documents to Soft-World or to the its authorized representatives for inspection in the place and manner designated by Soft-World.

 

7.3 Access to Information

Soft-World shall offer Gamease the authorization to access the server of the online charging and charging system. Under the


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

circumstance to guarantee the system’s safety, Soft-World may allow Gamease to enter the system at any place (local or long-distance) to obtain information regarding the number of online users, statistics data of sales and calculation of the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue. Gamease shall not make any alteration to the online charging and charging system without permission. Soft-World shall be obligated to record in good faith the reasons for each alteration to the database and provide a report on the information exchange aforesaid to Gamease.

 

8. Marketing Plan and Implementation

 

8.1 Marketing Plan

Soft-World shall, within sixty (60) days upon the execution of this Agreement, provide to Gamease a marketing promotion plan, which shall include the implementation of the marketing advertisements, product services, sales methods and other necessary provisions agreed upon by both Parties. Soft-World shall be responsible for the implementation of this plan at its own expenses, and Gamease shall be in charge of providing the comprehensive technical cooperation.

 

8.2 Promotion Materials

Gamease shall make its best effort to provide relevant materials on the background of the promotion or technical assistance as requested by Soft-World.

 

8.3 Implementation

Soft-World shall make its best effort to conduct the sale of the products by all reasonable and accurate manners during its implementation of this Agreement. Soft-World shall have the right to use all the posters, advertisements and other promotion materials relevant to the products and place the logo of TLBB on the relevant sale and promotion materials. Soft-World may, at any time, constitute and implement the product promotion plan according to the market circumstances. Both Parties agree, in order to perform the duties and obligations of both Parties, to conduct information exchanges regarding the sale, advertisement and promotion of products. Soft-World shall first notify Gamease of the relevant marketing plans for discussion with Gamease on the sale and promotion of products, and Gamease shall offer cooperation in good faith, however, Gamease is not obligated to participate in all the marketing plans and sale activities.

 

8.4 Soft-World hereby warrants that it will not sell the product packages and prepaid cards in Hong Kong and Macau.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

8.5 Soft-World hereby warrants that it shall through technical measures block the IP users of Hong Kong from logging in the TLBB server in Taiwan.

 

9. Marketing Promotion and Assumption of Production Costs

Both Parties agree as follows:

 

  (a) Soft-World agrees to bear the marketing promotion and production costs of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) in Taiwan after the execution of this Agreement, including the expenses for the production of products and promotion materials (such as product packaging, posters, brand establishment, DM, etc.); Soft-World warrants paying NT $    *    for marketing promotion in the early stage starting from beginning of the cooperation to the date of the official charging, and, after official charging,    *    % of the net income for the full year will be invested for marketing promotion in Taiwan.

 

  (b) Soft-World warrants providing the marketing promotion plans to Gamease in order to be supervised by Gamease. Soft-World shall notify Gamease of any possible alterations of marketing promotion plan two (2) weeks in advance.

 

  (c) Gamease shall provide to Soft-World all the documents (such as pictures) necessary for the promotion of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) or make suggestions on the promotion plan to Soft-World, and it shall also attend the press conferences or activities planned and arranged by Soft-World.

 

  (d) Both Parties agree that, before the commercialization of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version), the marketing meetings with respect to the operation, promotion and activities of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) shall be held at least once every two weeks, to determine and adjust the manner and content of the marketing sale.

 

10. Delay and Default of Performance

 

10.1 Both Parties shall actively guarantee the performance of this Agreement and shall immediately take action for remedy in the event of a breach.

 

10.2 If Soft-World fails to pay Gamease the account payable in the applicable period while Gamease has duly performed the

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

 

obligations under this Agreement, Gamease shall have the right to claim for all the losses incurred by such breach and demand Soft-World to perform its duty of payment within thirty (30) days. The liquidated damages shall be 3% of account payable in the applicable period per day. If any payment is delayed for sixty (60) days, Gamease shall be entitled to terminate this Agreement unilaterally.

 

10.3 If Gamease fails to provide the technology service, improvement or upgrade in accordance with the schedule and/or the stipulation of the Agreement while Soft-World has duly performed the obligations under this Agreement, Soft-World shall have the right to claim for all the losses incurred by such breach and demand Gamease to perform its obligations within sixty (60) days. The liquidated damages shall be 3% of the account payable in the applicable period per day.

 

10.4 To encourage the mutual trust and cooperation, both Parties agree that, during the term of performance of this Agreement, Gamease may, by giving a ten (10) days’ notice in advance, at its own expenses hire a certified public account (CPA) or a world-known accounting firm to conduct auditing on the account books and records of Soft-World, which is related to the revenue part of Gamease at the time and in the manner agreed upon by both Parties. If the audit results show Soft-World has not paid to Gamease in full; Soft-World shall make full payment to Gamease, and pay the late fees in accordance with the provisions of Article 10.2 as well as indemnify Gamease for the reasonable expenses incurred in the auditing work. Likewise, Soft-World may at its own expenses, by itself or through other authorized institution, conduct inspections on the improvement, upgrading and renewal of the products at the time and manner agreed upon by both Parties by giving a notice to Gamease in advance. If the results of inspection show that Gamease has failed to perform its obligations according to the schedule or standard agreed upon by both Parties, Soft-World may stop the payment of relevant funds to Gamease until Gamease has complied with the requirements agreed upon by both Parties. Meanwhile, as indicated in Article 10.3, Gamease shall bear the reasonable expenses related to such inspections and pay liquidated damages to Soft-World.

 

10.5 The provisions aforesaid shall not be applicable if a Party has notified the other Party in writing and has been accepted by such Party.

 

11. Performance and Termination

 

11.1 Performance of the Agreement

 

  (a) This Agreement shall come into force as of the date of execution by both Parties.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

  (b) The total operation term of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) shall commence from the date of implementation and finish on the third anniversary of the official charging date of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version).

 

  (c) If both Parties fail to conclude an agreement on further cooperation at termination of this Agreement, Soft-World shall pay all the funds to Gamease and, by making a public announcement and prevent the confidential information from disclosing to end users, shall hand over the database materials to Gamease or any third Party it designates.

 

  (d) Soft-World shall pay, and Gamease is entitled to receive the royalty, Share of Monthly Sales Revenue, Share of Income from Game-related Products in compliance with the timetable in this Agreement. No unilateral termination of the Agreement is allowed except under the circumstance expressly provided in this Agreement. Even if a Party breaches the contract, the other Party may, based upon the principle for realizing the highest interests of the Agreement, demand the defaulting Party to continue to perform under the Agreement without prejudice to its right of claims for losses incurred by such breach.

 

11.2 Unilateral Termination

Under the following circumstances, either Party may unilaterally terminate the Agreement by giving a written notice to the other Party:

 

  (a) The Parties shall settle any problem or dispute arising out of the performance of this Agreement firstly. If no settlement can be reached through friendly negotiations within thirty (30) days after they start negotiations, which prevents one Party or both Parties from continuing its or their performance of the rights and obligations under the Agreement, either Party may unilaterally terminate the Agreement

 

  (b) Where a Party breaches the contract, the performing Party shall be entitled to give a written notice to the breaching Party for requesting it to cease such breach and take actions to remedy. If the breaching Party fails to take actions to remedy such breach within thirty (30) days after receipt of the written notice from the performing Party, the latter may unilaterally terminate the Agreement.

 

  (c) During the performance of this Agreement, if one Party concludes an agreement with its creditors and announces its fall into a liquidation process (whenever it is dissolved, taken over by their Party, by custody of the court), and the due performance of this Agreement is affected, either Party may unilaterally terminate the Agreement by giving a written notice to the other Party.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

   

If Gamease is the Party to be notified, it shall provide to Soft-World all the source codes of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) in order to ensure the normal provision of services to users within the scope of the license. The source codes received by Soft-World shall only be used to provide services to users within the scope of the license.

 

   

If Soft-World is the Party notifying, it shall hand over, free of charge, the user’s database, information of sales channels and other materials related to the commercialization to Gamease and any third Party it designates in order to ensure the normal provision of services to users within the scope of the license. Gamease shall have the right to look for another Party to continue operating TLBB in Taiwan.

 

  (d) If one Party is forced to suspend the performance of this Agreement by a force majeure event which has lasted for three (3) months, and both Parties fail to reach a solution.

 

  (e) During the performance of this Agreement, if one Party is required by the government to make some corrections or amendments to its rights or obligations under this Agreement and such amendments or corrections makes attaining either Party’s commercial targets impossible.

 

  (f) Special Statement: If the source codes or the server programs are disclosed by an illegal server for reasons attributable to Gamease and both Parties fail to reach an agreement within thirty (30) days thereafter, Soft-World shall have the right to terminate this Agreement unilaterally without prejudice to its right of claims against Gamease for all the losses incurred. If the server programs are disclosed for reasons attributable to Soft-World and both Parties fail to reach an agreement within thirty (30) days thereafter, Gamease shall have the right to terminate this Agreement unilaterally without prejudice to its right of claims against Soft-World for all the losses incurred.

 

  (g) This Agreement may be terminated through written consent by both Parties.

 

12. Amendment or Supplement

 

12.1 No amendment or supplement shall be made to this Agreement without the written consent of both Parties.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

12.2 During the performance of this Agreement, if any emergency occur, the Parties hereto shall settle such problem through friendly negotiations, and conclude, based on this Agreement, a supplementary agreement in the principle of fairness and mutual benefit. Either Party has the right to demand the execution of a supplementary agreement and make a supplementary statement for the emergency.

 

12.3 Without the prior written consent of both Parties, no right or obligation under the Agreement shall be sold, assigned or granted to any third Party. If this Agreement is agreed by both Parties to be transferred by one Party to any third Party, the transferring Party and the third Party shall guarantee the rights and obligations of the other Party in writing, which means that the rights and obligations of either Party thereto shall remain the same even if the signing Party is different.

 

13. Representations and Covenants

 

13.1 Warranties by Gamease

 

  (a) Gamease has the right to execute this Agreement, and it shall have the right to license and dispose the above products owned or to be owned by Gamease.

 

  (b) The performance of Gamease under this Agreement and the completion of the proposed transaction do not violate any effective laws or regulations. The use of the product by Gamease or Soft-World would not infringe any patent, copyright, trade secret or third Parties’ intellectual property right.

 

13.2 Warranties by Soft-World

 

  (a) Soft-World has the right to execute this Agreement, and it shall use, maintain, sell and promote the products in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable within the scope of the license.

 

  (b) Soft-World shall be responsible for all the expenses incurred in connection with the sale transactions of the product and/or relevant procedures (such as application for registration code, feasibility study, permits by government), relationship with the government and obtaining all the governmental approvals necessary for the adequate performance of this Agreement, including but not limited to the sale permit for the imported games, any payment and exchange agreement related to this Agreement.

 

13.3

Both Parties warrant that the effectiveness, interpretation and performance of this Agreement will be in full compliance with the


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

 

laws in places within the scope of the license and those of the People’s Republic of China. Each Party shall make its reasonable effort to assist the other Party in obtaining the necessary governmental permits, even if the permits are related to the Agreement. Both Parties shall make corresponding modifications or corrections if required by any governmental approval, and the modified and corrected provisions shall be valid and binding.

 

14. Notice

Any notice which is given pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing and delivered personally, transmitted by facsimile or sent by postage prepaid, to the following addresses and numbers:

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Recipient: Yanjuan Chen

Address: F2-5, East Wing, Jingyan Hotel, No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing

Tel: 86-10-62726816

Fax: 86-10-62702951

Email: vickiechen@sohu-inc.com

Soft-World International Corp. (Taiwan)

Recipient: Wei Liu

Address: No. 99-10, Sec. 2, Nangang Rd., Taipei City, Taiwan Province

Tel: +886-2-27889229 #229

Fax: +886-2-77236699

Email: wennie@soft-world.com.tw

Notices given by personal delivery shall be deemed effective as of the date of delivery; notices given by facsimile shall be deemed effective on the date of successful transmission; notices sent by postage prepaid shall be deemed effective on the fifth (5) working day as of the date of mailing. The letter is proved to be duly mailed when the address is accurately written, the stamp duly affixed and the letter put in the box. All the means of notices shall be treated impartially. A written confirmation to each notice given by facsimile shall be made immediately and delivered personally or sent by postage prepaid to the other Party. Either Party shall give a seven (7) days’ notice in writing prior to any change of its address or fax number.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

15. Settlement of Disputes

If any dispute arise out of the performance of this Agreement, the Parties hereto shall firstly settle such dispute through friendly negotiations. If no settlement can be reached through consultation, each Party can submit such matter to the courts of Singapore for arbitration and be judged with the then current effective rules. The arbitration award shall be final and binding upon the Parties.

 

16. Non-Agency

Each Party is an independent contractor, and no part of this Agreement shall be construed as one Party appointing the other Party as its agent, partner, legal person, lawyer or employee. One Party shall not be bound by the other Party except the stipulation in provisions of this Agreement.

 

17. Force Majeure

If performance of the obligations in this Agreement is delayed by the fault, forbearance or negligence caused by reasons beyond the reasonable control of each Party, including natural disasters, strikes, riots, wars, plagues, acts of governments after the execution of this Agreement, earthquakes or other disasters, neither Party shall be responsible for such fault, forbearance or negligence caused by such reasons. In this case, the Party affected by such force majeure shall deliver in writing a liability exemption statement to the other Party, and both Parties have the obligation to make up the losses incurred. Besides, the time limitation fixed by the affected Party for the performance of its duties under this Agreement shall be correspondingly extended with reference to the losses incurred by the force majeure event.

 

18. Effectiveness

The letter of intent executed by both Parties prior to this Agreement is concluded in order to basically determine the matters of cooperation and the rights and obligations of both Parties. If the content contained in the letter of intent is different with this Agreement, this Agreement shall prevail.

 

19. Miscellaneous

 

19.1 The terms and headings of each section contained in this Agreement are for the convenience of reference only and shall not affect the performance of this Agreement in material respects.

 

19.2

This Agreement shall come into effect as of the date of its execution. If Party B proposes to renew this Agreement within three (3) days before the expiration of this Agreement, Party B shall be entitled the priority to continue its operation of TLBB in the


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

 

Taiwan region under the same conditions. The provisions for such renewal shall be negotiated by both Parties separately. If Party B fails to issue a renewal request within such period, it shall be deemed as a waiver of the priority.

 

19.3 Soft-World shall be entitled the priority as the agent of any continuation or additional story of TLBB developed by Gamease or other online games launched by Gamease.

 

19.4 Upon the performance of this Agreement, the Parties would release or acknowledge the following documents as Appendices to this Agreement:

 

   

Photocopies of the business licenses of both Parties (with company seal)

 

   

The certificate of copyright or certificate of authorization of TLBB in Chinese version

 

   

Quality Acceptance Manual of TLBB

Both Parties agree to execute supplementary agreements or add the appendices during the term of this Agreement.

 

19.5 Soft-World may sublicense a part of the game’s service operation under this Agreement to its subsidiary (Game Flier International Corporation); however, Soft-World shall bear joint and several liabilities for the performance of its subsidiary.

 

19.6 This Agreement is made in four (4) copies. Gamease and Soft-World shall hold two (2) copies respectively. Each copy of this Agreement shall have equal effect.

[No Text below]


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

Party A: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Seal)

 

Authorized Signatory:  

/s/ Tao Wang

Name: Tao Wang
Title:  
Party B: Soft-World International Corp. (Seal)
Authorized Signatory:  

/s/ Junbo Wang (Seal)

Name: Junbo Wang
Title: CEO / President


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

APPENDIX 1

Description of the Licensed Product

Licensor: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Licensee: Soft-World International Corp.

Game Management Tools and Consumer Support Tools

The Licensor shall provide the application programs and add-ons of the licensed software, together with relevant operation guide as attached, which may cause the game management tools to perform the following functions:

 

   

Message broadcasting

 

   

Monitor of server’s status (normal, maintenance, number of people)

 

   

Instant delivery of game messages to GM

 

   

Instant messages replay from GM to online players

 

   

Expulsion of selected users out of game

 

   

Search of online users list

 

   

Prohibition of selected users from chatting

 

   

Suspension of the game service accounts of selected users (excluding role play)

 

   

Real-time search and modification of player’s relevant information

 

   

Inquiry and review of player’s course

 

   

Identification and record mechanism of illegal plug-ins (including the acceleration and data modification and robot’s part)

 

   

Tools for installing and uninstalling the virtual items in the Mall and setting instructions

 

   

Virtual item management tools or setting instructions in the Mall

 

   

Record inquiry of the purchase, deal, gifts and use of commodities sold in the Mall

Database Model

The Licensor shall provide the manuals (“database model”) for Licensee’s development of the application programs and add-ons of the licensed products (at its selection) to perform the following functions:

 

   

Backup of character materials

 

   

Transfer of account between servers

 

   

Backup and recovery

 

   

Removal and recovery of characters

 

   

Modification of character information

 

   

Single backtrack of character information

Exhibit 10.28

Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have

been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

English Translation

Online Game Tian Long Ba Bu

Proxy and License Agreement

Traditional Chinese Version

Licensor (Party A): Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Licensee (Party B): Zhi Ao Online Game Group Company Limited

Date: December 5, 2007

Place: Beijing


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

THIS EXCLUSIVE PROXY AND LICENSE AGREEMENT (this “Agreement”) is made and entered into as of December 5, 2007 by and between: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd., a limited liability company incorporated and validly existing under the laws of the PRC and having its registered office at Room 1197, Tower 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Badachu High-tech Industrial Area, Shijingshan District, Beijing; and Zhi Ao Online International Corp. (“Zhi Ao Online”), a company incorporated and validly existing under the laws of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region with its main business office at A, 21 st Floor, Beijiao Industry Tower, No.499 Queens Avenue, Beijiao, Hong Kong.

NOW THEREFORE, both Parties through mutual negotiation agree as follows:

 

1. Definition and Interpretation

 

1.1 Product: the online game of Tian Long Ba Bu (“TLBB”) (Traditional Chinese Version) which Gamease holds its copyright, including the online game software named “TLBB” in Chinese, and any online game-related products developed in connection with the subject and content above, including the updated version of the aforesaid traditional Chinese version. The functions which may be realized in the product and technology measures and the necessary software tools and hardware for implementing the functions have been fully described in the description of the License Product. The description of the product and the copy of the copyright certificate constitute an inseverable part of the description for the target product under the Agreement.

 

1.2 Service: all activities that Gamease develop and offer to users of the online game TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) and the instruments and equipment used in these activities.

 

1.3 User: any person that plays the online game TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) connected with the network platform as provided by Zhi Ao Online.

 

1.4 PC: personal computer based on operating systems compatible with Win32, such as Window98, 2000, ME and XP.

 

1.5 System: all software and hardware or any operating platform developed by either Party hereto for providing game services.

 

1.6 Service Fee: the payment made by users in cash or otherwise acceptable to Zhi Ao Online for access to the online game of TLBB and the specific function(s) in this game within a certain period of time. The service fee shall be calculated in the currency of certain amount and collected in the form of prepaid cards, virtual item cards, virtual game cards, charging prepaid cards, data bundle, the guide book, virtual tool or sale of game-related products or other applicable manner. Both Parties agree that the data shown in the charging system of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) provided by Zhi Ao Online with the assistance of Gamease shall be the basis for settlement of the service fee and the computation basis for the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue for the previous month. The service fee in this Agreement shall be calculated once a month.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

Note: The service fee (including income by various manners) means the amount displayed in the charging system installed by Zhi Ao Online with the assistance of Gamease, namely book value of the recharge or sale.

 

1.7 Localization: localization of the Chinese traditional version game that Zhi Ao Online undertakes with the necessary support from Gamease in this process. Gamease shall, after the execution of this Agreement, deliver the clean game text to Zhi Ao Online for its translation and double-check in the text format as Gamease demands it, after which the text shall be returned to Gamease. In a certain period of time after that, Gamease shall provide the data of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) to Zhi Ao Online. The process also applies to the subsequent renewals. Gamease shall provide the technical support for localizing the TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version), in reference to the specific needs and in accordance with the standards made by Zhi Ao Online, to adapt to the network environment within the scope of the license and the performance of PCs and to satisfy the needs for commercial operation. In this Agreement, the “TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version)” refers to the completely localized version of TLBB.

 

1.8 Commercialization: sale of all forms of the service fee caused when Zhi Ao Online provides services to users through various commercial channels. In consideration of the commercialization of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version), an agreement shall be executed concerning the charging standard of the service fee. After mutual agreement, the service fee for TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) could be adjusted to some extent in a certain period. Pursuant to this charging standard, Zhi Ao Online may adjust accordingly the online category and price of the service fee. Each adjustment shall be notified to Gamease in the monthly Statement of Royalty. The commencement date of commercialization shall be determined by Zhi Ao Online according to the market environment, opportunities and the content of the products within the scope of the license. Zhi Ao Online shall take the advice and interests of Gamease seriously.

Both Parties agree that the commencement date of TLBB’s (Traditional Chinese Version) commercialization shall be within one hundred eighty (180) days after the execution of this Agreement. The exact date of commercialization shall be determined by both Parties through negotiation.

 

1.9 Game-related Products: the physical objects related to the content of the game developed by Gamease or through relevant authorization, including the dolls of characters in the game, the stationery, toys and publications related to the content of the game, the clothing, decoration and commodities related to the image of the characters with the game’s LOGO, tools of the game, mobile images, ringtones and so on. The Game-related Product shall not include any virtual tools.

 

1.10 Income from Game-related Products: the proceeds that belong to Gamease in the gross earnings made from the Game-related Products produced by Zhi Ao Online or its authorized persons.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

1.11 License Royalty: the proceeds that Gamease is entitled to obtain as the developer and technology supporter of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) for authorizing Zhi Ao Online to utilize and operate TLBB, including the royalty, share of monthly sales and the proceeds from the Game-related Products. The authorized income shall be paid by Zhi Ao Online to Gamease in accordance with the relevant provisions of this Agreement.

 

1.12 Technological Service: the periodical renewal of the game’s content, server upgrade, provision of the updated detailed text, advice made to the sales strategy of the commodities in the Mall, the system’s remote maintenance, the solution to emergencies and illegal plug-ins.

 

1.13 Open Pack: the pack for promoting the product, including the non-charging prepaid card, open (practice) points, starter virtual tool and game CD.

 

1.14 Charging Prepaid Card: a commodity which ordinary consumers may accumulate points by charging the par value of such prepaid cards and be deducted the points in light of the playing game, consumption of virtual tools, including various physical and virtual prepaid card, such as point card, virtual point card, monthly card, virtual point card and relevant charging point within the relevant set commodity.

 

1.15 Product Package or Set Commodity: products containing Virtual Items, prepaid card, game CD and so on.

 

1.16 Guide Book: a reference book for the ordinary consumers to play the game smoothly.

 

1.17 Publications: in addition to the Guide Book, all other printing materials published in connection with TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version).

 

1.18 Virtual Items: all sorts of virtual items in the game.

 

2. Scope of License

 

2.1 Grant, Scope and Term of License

Pursuant to the following terms and conditions, Gamease hereby grants Zhi Ao Online the exclusive right to act as agent for TLBB’s (Traditional Chinese Version) operation in Hong Kong and Macao (hereafter referred as “the Scope of License”). The term of the TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) license shall commence and become effective as of the date of the execution of this Agreement and expire on the third anniversary from the date on which TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) starts obtaining revenue from charges in Hong Kong and Macao.

 

  (a) The exclusive proxy rights Gamease grants to Zhi Ao Online shall include the following:

 

  i. to distribute, demonstrate and display of the client end;


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

  ii. to sell, marketing or distribute directly to the users or conduct such activities through sales agents or dealers;

 

  iii. to permit the ultimate end users to use the products through passwords;

 

  iv. to provide maintenance and support services, including but not limited to technical support, software support, consumer service and online consumer service, and provision of services to the ultimate end users pursuant to the regulations on Zhi Ao Online’s customer services;

 

  v. to install, copy, save the server programs for providing necessary services; and

 

  vi. to sell the Game-related Products, Product Package, the Open Pack and the client end within the scope of the license.

 

  (b) Zhi Ao Online hereby acknowledges, represents and warrants that, without prior written consent from Gamease, it shall not use this product for any other purpose, and it shall not operate TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) and sell the related products in places beyond the scope of the license in any manner.

 

2.2 Modifications and Upgrading of the Game

 

  (a) Gamease agrees that, within three (3) years from the date of the official charging in Hong Kong and Macao, it shall conduct a large-scale modification or upgrade to TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) every six (6) months. Since TLBB is an Item Mall, Gamease shall upgrade the virtual items in the Mall every month to facilitate the operation in the local market.

 

  (b) Sublicense: Without the prior written consent of Gamease, Zhi Ao Online shall not sublicense, designate or assign any right relating to the product or any part of it or any right granted pursuant to this Agreement to any third Party (except for Game Flier International Corp., a subsidiary of Zhi Ao Online, with written acknowledgement of Gamease). To be precise, the license granted pursuant to this Agreement shall be enjoyed by Zhi Ao Online alone. Without the prior written consent of Gamease, no right and obligation assumed by Zhi Ao Online shall be assigned, allotted, pledged, sold, mortgaged, sublicensed to any third Party and shall be mortgaged or disposed of to any third Party directly or indirectly, partly or in whole, legally or illegally. Any assignment, allotment, pledge, sale, mortgage or sublicense of TLBB made without the prior consent of Gamease shall be null and void.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

2.3 Intellectual Property Right

 

  (a) During the performance of this Agreement, both Parties shall jointly complete the record-filling and registration procedures for TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) within the scope of the license. Zhi Ao Online shall be responsible for the relevant application procedures and the total costs, and Gamease shall provide the necessary assistance in accordance with the relevant government regulations within the scope of the license. No registration file shall be deemed as alteration, assignment or forfeiture of any of Gamease’s intellectual property right in the Licensed Product.

 

  (b) The ownership of the trademark of TLBB belongs to Gamease. During the performance of this Agreement, Zhi Ao Online may use the trademark of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) within the scope of the license, and it shall be obligated to protect the trademark against infringement. During the term of cooperation, Zhi Ao Online must use the existing trademark and symbol of TLBB.

 

  (c) Zhi Ao Online hereby warrants that each set of user end will be sold through the product distribution channels, and the image, symbol and trademark of Gamease and TLBB will be printed or shown on packages, posters or advertisements. The draft design of the packaging, poster or relevant advertisements shall be subject to examination and confirmation of Gamease in advance.

 

  (d) Zhi Ao Online hereby agrees to return to Gamease the use of the copyright and trademark rights, relevant certificates of approval, all other authorizations obtained for the execution of this Agreement, the data (including the data of users, the game, etc.) related to game operation, information (such as technological know-hows, designs, materials, patents and technologies, etc.).

 

  (e) In the event there is a potential infringement action to the Licensed Product or an unfair competition action from any third Party, which is acknowledged by one Party, such Party shall notify the other Party immediately. Both Parties shall take reasonable measures to prevent or stop the third Party from undertaking an infringement or unfair competition action. As the owner of the copyright, Gamease is entitled to take protective measures at its own discretion. If necessary, Gamease and Zhi Ao Online shall jointly take protective measures to prevent or stop the infringement or unfair competition action. Gamease may, by issuing a power of attorney to Zhi Ao Online, authorize the latter to be in charge of the actual implementation of such measures within the scope of the license.

 

  (f) Zhi Ao Online shall, within one hundred eighty (180) days upon the execution of this Agreement, officially operate the game and collect revenue from Hong Kong and Macao. Provided that Gamease has provided the technology support as stipulated, if Zhi Ao Online fails to officially start operating the game within the aforesaid 180 days, Gamease shall have the right to terminate this contract unilaterally and take back the copyright and the use all of the intellectual property rights. Zhi Ao Online shall not be entitled to claim a refund of the royalty paid to Gamease or any economic loss from Gamease.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

3. Assignment and Execution of Product

 

3.1 Localization

 

  (a) After the execution of this Agreement, Gamease shall deliver to Zhi Ao Online a list of game texts that are required to be translated, and Zhi Ao Online shall translate in the format required by Gamease, double-check and shall return the translated text to Gamease within twelve (12) business days from the receipt of the list. Gamease shall, within 12 business days upon the receipt of the translated texts, provide to Zhi Ao Online the original version of the game. Then, Zhi Ao Online shall conduct the test with the relevant technical support from Gamease.

 

  (b) Gamease agrees to make its best effort to assist Zhi Ao Online in the localization work.

 

  (c) Both Parties shall undertake the cost and expenses in connection with the localization work at their own expenses.

 

3.2 Internal Test

Internal Test is a free service that Zhi Ao Online provides to the users within the area after the completion of localization work for improving the functions of the system and preparing the commercialization operation. Both Parties agrees to start the internal test when the system meets the requirements set out in the quality acceptance manual upon both Parties’ confirmation. The period of internal test shall be determined by Zhi Ao Online through consultation with Gamease based on the progress and conditions of the market. However, this period shall be not later than the commercialization progress provided for by this Agreement.

 

4. System Installation

 

4.1 Gamease shall equip Zhi Ao Online with all the necessary software, instrument and instructions in order to enable Zhi Ao Online to provide TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) to and collect the service fee from, the users. After the execution of this Agreement, Gamease shall equip Zhi Ao Online with the following software and documents:

 

  (a) The LINUX-based server programs of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version);

 

  (b) The user-end programs of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) based on Win32 Direct X;


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

  (c) The structure files of the database of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version);

 

  (d) The structure files in the database of the charging system of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version)

 

  (e) Description of the product—game’s content, functions, characters, performance index, upgrading plan and manual of relevant system functions;

 

  (f) Other software and files related to the operation of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) (including the guide book and the search for the relevant guides); and

 

  (g) TLBB—relevant materials in connection with the official Chinese simplified version website.

Gamease shall provide the aforesaid to Zhi Ao Online within five (5) business days upon the execution of this Agreement.

 

4.2 Zhi Ao Online shall be responsible for the operating expenses in connection with the installation of the servers and rent of the networks during the period of the system installation. The place of system installation and the number of the systems to be installed shall be determined by Zhi Ao Online in accordance with the technology manual provided by Gamease. Gamease shall be responsible for guaranteeing the performance index of the systems in compliance with the manual and the standards referred to in the description of the License Product.

 

4.3 During the period of system installation, Zhi Ao Online shall cooperate upon Gamease’s request.

 

5. Technical Support and Safety

 

5.1 Gamease hereby agrees to disclose to Zhi Ao Online all the information related to running the programs and deliver to Zhi Ao Online in writing the basic information in connection with the maintenance of the systems.

 

5.2 Gamease shall take protective measures to the source code and executable programs of the game in advance and deliver to Zhi Ao Online in the form of memorandum. During the term of the license pursuant to this Agreement, Gamease shall bear all the losses incurred by the leakage of executable programs of the game caused by the inadequate protection by Gamease, and Zhi Ao Online shall bear all the losses incurred by the leakage of executable programs of the game caused by the inadequate protection by Zhi Ao Online. The losses shall include without limitation the direct economic losses and other relevant losses of the Parties hereto and the compensations made to relevant third Parties.

 

5.3 If serious accidents occur due to the improper action or delay of technical support and/or maintenance, both Parties shall further discuss the protective measures toward such accidents in addition to undertaking prompt measures.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

5.4 In order to ensure the normal operation of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version), Gamease shall keep the bona fide cooperation with Zhi Ao Online and dispatch relevant technical personnel to Hong Kong if necessary. The expenses incurred in connection with the dispatch of technical personnel to the places within the scope of license shall be borne by Zhi Ao Online, including the accommodation costs, the flight tickets and the local transportion costs. The Parties agree to cooperate and assist the employees in handling the customs clearance procedures required when going from the place where one Party is located to the other Party’s location.

 

5.5 Time Limit for Technology Response

In consideration of the requirements of Zhi Ao Online regarding technical support, Gamease’s time limit for technology response is set out below:

 

  (a) Partial problems: in the event that a single player, server or line has abnormal services, Gamease shall offer technical support within twenty-four (24) hours after receipt of the unusual circumstance (not including non-business days) and shall resolve it within 3 × 24 hours.

 

  (b) General problems: in the event that most of the players cannot play the game normally due to system reasons, Gamease shall resolve it within twenty-four (24) hours upon the receipt of the problem (not including non-business days). Where the server module has any fault (such as the login system, game service system, etc.), Gamease shall endeavor to offer technical support immediately and shall resolve it within forty-eight (48) hours.

 

  (c) As for problems difficult to be identified or solved in a short time, Gamease shall make its best effort to cooperatively resolve the problem quickly.

 

  (d) Both Parties confirm that, the technical support aforesaid shall be conducted in the form of BBS, telephone, facsimile, email, MSN, etc.

 

5.6 Training and Technical Support

Gamease shall provide the technical personnel of Zhi Ao Online with the necessary technical training. Gamease shall bear the expenses of its technical personnel for the formalities and flight ticket to Hong Kong, but the accommodation costs, transport costs and training fees in Hong Kong shall be borne by Zhi Ao Online.

Gamease hereby warrants that at least one technical person will be online twenty-four (24) hours a day and be responsible for providing necessary technical support and solve any emergency technical problem.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

5.7 Content Guaranty and Upgrade

Within thirty (30) days after the execution of this Agreement, Gamease shall deliver to Zhi Ao Online the content plan of the game, including but not limited to the game map, instrument, features of the characters, abilities of the characters, game tasks, the quantitative standard and system framework of challenges for each level, the data on the official website of TLBB (Simplified Chinese Version), the list of the virtual tools, etc. Zhi Ao Online shall have the right to demand Gamease to improve the quality and quantity of this plan. Gamease may start to carry out this plan after mutual confirmation from both Parties. Within the three years cooperation term, Gamease shall, according to the requirement of development, have the right to conduct a large-scale modification or upgrade every six (6) months, and Zhi Ao Online shall, according to the requirements of Gamease, provide corresponding support and cooperation and be responsible for the relevant localization work.

 

6. Licensed Proceeds

 

6.1 Royalty

The royalty payable by Zhi Ao Online shall be HK$         *         (which shall not be returned once paid to Gamease), including 5.25% of which shall be withheld in Hong Kong as income taxes. All payments shall be conducted in accordance with the tax withholding procedures as required by the laws of Hong Kong. Zhi Ao Online shall provide to Gamease the tax payment receipts issued by the relevant government department.

 

6.1.1 Payment of the Royalty

 

  (a) Zhi Ao Online shall remit HK$         *         as         *         % of the royalty to the bank account designated by Gamease within seven (7) business days upon the execution of this Agreement and after receiving the invoice issued by Gamease;

 

  (b) Zhi Ao Online shall remit HK$         *         as         *         % of the royalty to the bank account designated by Gamease within seven (7) business days upon the commencement of internal test of TLBB and after receiving the invoice issued by Gamease;

 

  (c) Zhi Ao Online shall remit HK$         *         as the last         *         % of the royalty to the bank account designated by Gamease within seven (7) business days upon the receipt of the invoice issued by Gamease since obtaining the charging revenues from “TLBB’s Chinese traditional version” in Hong Kong and Macao.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

6.2 Additional Royalty

 

 

6.2.1

After Zhi Ao Online starts collecting the revenue in Hong Kong and Macao, if the maximum number of concurrent online users of TLBB in Hong Kong and Macao reach * , Zhi Ao Online shall provide Gamease with a royalty statement within the 10 th business day of the following month and shall pay up an additional copyright royalty in an amount of HK$         *         in lump sum to Gamease within ten (10) business days upon submitting the royalty statement and obtaining the written consent from Gamease.

 

 

6.2.2

If thereafter the maximum number of concurrent online users of TLBB in Hong Kong and Macao reach *     , Zhi Ao Online shall provide Gamease with a royalty statement within the 10 th business day of the following month and shall pay up an additional royalty in an amount of HK$         *         in lump sum to Gamease within ten (10) business days upon submitting the royalty statement and obtaining the written consent of Gamease.

 

6.3 Share of Monthly Sales Revenue

Besides the royalty and additional royalties, Zhi Ao Online shall pay         *         % of the service fee to Gamease, which shall be deemed as Gamease’s Share of Monthly Sales Revenue. The computation formula of the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue is as follows:

Share of Monthly Sales Revenue = Monthly Service Fee ×         *         %

 

  6.3.1 Payment of the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue:

 

  (a) The Parties agree to apply a natural month as the settlement month to calculate the monthly sales revenue, which means that the Parties shall calculate the monthly sales revenue share of the previous month in accordance with the data from the charging system of TLBB’s Chinese traditional version installed by Gamease as the copyright licensor. After the official charging, Zhi Ao Online shall provide Gamease with the data of operation and sales for the previous month (the settlement statement for sales) prior to the 10th day of each month. After confirmation by Gamease, Zhi Ao Online shall remit the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue for the previous month to the bank account designated by Gamease within seven (7) business days upon the receipt of the invoice issued by Gamease. The settlement and payment of the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue is illuminated as follows:

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

Example: If TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) starts its official charging on January 10, 2008, the royalty settlement statement for sales between January 10 th and January 31 st shall be provided to Gamease on February 10 th . The royalty statement shall be made in HK Dollar. After confirmation by both Parties of the previous month’s revenue, Zhi Ao Online shall remit the payment to the bank account designated by Gamease within seven (7) business days upon the receipt of the invoice issued by Gamease.

 

6.4 Share of Income from Game-related Products and the Guide Book

The computation formula of Share of Income from Game-related Products is equal to the quantity of products sold × actual market price ×         *         %.

Zhi Ao Online shall, when producing and selling, or authorizing others to produce and sell the Game-related Products provided for in this Agreement, give a ten (10) business days’ notice in writing in advance to Gamease, which shall include the category, quantity and sales price. Gamease shall complete the written confirmations within five (5) days upon receiving the written notices on whether it agrees as to the production of any of the Game-related Products. After the commencement date of the sale, Zhi Ao Online shall record the revenues in the royalty statement of the following month and shall pay to Gamease the share of income from Game-related Products and remit such payment into designated bank account by Gamease on the 20 th day of the month on which the royalty statement is submitted.

 

6.5 Gamease authorizes in writing Zhi Ao Online to sell the Virtual Items within the Product Package, and therefore Zhi Ao Online shall pay         *         % of the monthly sales revenue to Gamease. The production and sale of the Virtual Items within the Product Package shall be subject to the prior written confirmation of Gamease. The price of the Product Package shall be agreed upon by both Parties, and the product shall not be sold without the prior written confirmation of Gamease.

Zhi Ao Online shall pay and settle the share of monthly sales revenue in HK Dollars.

 

A/C Name:   Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.
        Bank:   *
A/C Number:   *
Swift code:   *

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

6.6 The open package, including a starter pack with the price of HK$         *         (in addition to a CD), HK$         *         (in addition to two CDs), HK$         *         (in addition to three CDs) or a starter pack as a gift, is mainly used to attract game players or promote product sales and not for the purpose of making a profit. Zhi Ao Online does not need to pay to Gamease any royalty or fee for such starter packages for promotion. The production and sale of the virtual tools in the starter package shall not be started without the prior written confirmation of Gamease.

 

6.7 Tax: during the term of performance of this Agreement, each Party shall be responsible for the taxes or expenses payable by themselves as required by the governmental departments within the scope of the license. Both Parties agree that all payments shall be withheld at the rate of 5.25% in Hong Kong in accordance with the laws of Hong Kong. Zhi Ao Online shall provide to Gamease the tax payment receipts issued by the relevant government department.

 

6.8 Both Parties shall share the monthly sales income in accordance with the provisions of Article 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5, and Gamease shall not return the payments back to Zhi Ao Onlibne after the settlement. If Zhi Ao Online ceases the operation of TLBB in Hong Kong and Macao, all matters, including user refund issue, shall be solved by Zhi Ao Online, and Gamease has no obligation on such matters.

 

6.9 Currency: the Parties agree that all the fees and revenues that occur during the performance under this Agreement shall be calculated in HK Dollar.

 

7. Confidentiality and Information Exchange

 

7.1 Confidentiality

Both Parties agree to keep all the commercial secrets under this Agreement confidential and, without the prior written consent from both Parties, shall not disclose these secrets to any person or any third Party at time or any place. No one shall disclose these secrets to any person or any third Party at any time or place.

The following circumstances shall survive the previous paragraph:

 

  (a) available to the public under normal circumstances;

 

  (b) disclosed by the information holder and announced clearly not to be confidential;

 

  (c) known or to be known by the information insiders without the violation of this Agreement or obligation of confidentiality;

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

  (d) found by the information insiders independently;

 

  (e) required to disclosed due to litigations, tax or government orders.

If the information is disclosed to consultants of either Party or to the government, the relevant consultants shall be governed by this Article.

 

7.2 Information Exchange

Zhi Ao Online shall, on the 10 th day of each month, provide a note of bill and a written report in Chinese concerning the sales revenue, the number of applying users, the total number of registered users and the market promotion to Gamease. Zhi Ao Online shall provide these documents to Gamease or to its authorized representatives for the inspection in the place and manner designated by Gamease.

Gamease shall provide the note of bill and a written report in Chinese concerning the technology upgrade, system maintenance, content renewal and development progress to Zhi Ao Online on the 10 th day of every month. Gamease shall provide these documents to Zhi Ao Online or to its authorized representatives for inspection in the place and manner designated by Zhi Ao Online.

 

7.3 Access to Information

Zhi Ao Online shall offer Gamease the authorization to access the server of online charging and charging system. Under the circumstance to guarantee the system’s safety, Zhi Ao Online may allow Gamease to enter the system at any place (local or long-distance) to obtain information regarding the statistics data of online sales and to calculate the Share of Monthly Sales Revenue. After the delivery of the online charging and charging system to Zhi Ao Online, Gamease shall not make any alterations to the online charging and charging system without permission. Zhi Ao Online shall be obligated to record in good faith the reasons for each alteration to the database and provide a report on the information exchange aforesaid to Gamease.

Gamease shall provide access for Zhi Ao Online into the game online number system (local or long-distance) in order to check the number of online users and the daily highest number of online users.

 

8. Market Plan and Implementation

 

8.1 Market Plan

Zhi Ao Online shall, within sixty (60) days upon the execution of this Agreement, provide to Gamease a market promotion plan, which shall include the implementation of the market advertisements, product service, sales methods and other necessary provisions agreed upon by both Parties. Zhi Ao Online shall be responsible for the implementation of this plan at its own expenses, and Gamease shall be in charge of providing the comprehensive technical cooperation.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

8.2 Promotion Materials

Gamease shall make its best effort to provide relevant promotion materials or technical assistance as requested by Zhi Ao Online.

 

8.3 Implementation

Zhi Ao Online shall make its best effort to conduct the sale of the products by all reasonable and accurate manners during its implementation of this Agrement. Zhi Ao Online shall have the right to use all the posters, advertisements and other promotion materials relevant to the products and place the logo of TLBB on the relevant sale and promotion materials. Zhi Ao Online may, at any time, constitute and implement the product promotion plan according to the market circumstances. Both Parties agree, in order to perform the duties and obligations of both Parties, to conduct information exchanges regarding the sale, advertisement and promotion of products. Zhi Ao Online shall first notify Gamease of the relevant market plans for discussion with Gamease on the sale and promotion of the products. Gamease shall offer cooperation in good faith, however, Gamease is not obligated to participate in all the marketing plans and sale activities.

 

8.4 Zhi Ao Online hereby warrants to take technical measures to block the IP users of Taiwan from logging unto the TLBB server in Hong Kong.

 

9. Marketing Promotion and Assumption of Production Costs

Both Parties agree as follows:

 

  (a) Zhi Ao Online agrees to bear the marketing promotion and production costs of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) in the licensed area after the execution of this Agreement, including the expenses for the production of products and promotion materials (such as product packaging, posters, brand establishment, DM, etc.); Zhi Ao Online warrants to pay HK$ * for marketing promotion in the early stage starting from the beginning of the cooperation to the date of the official charging, and starting from the second year, no less than * % of the gross revenue each month will be invested for the marketing promotion in Hong Kong and Macao.

 

  (b) Zhi Ao Online warrants to provide the marketing promotion plans to Gamease in order to be supervised by Gamease. Zhi Ao Online shall notify Gamease of any possible alterations of the marketing promotion plan two (2) weeks in advance.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

  (c) Gamease shall provide to Zhi Ao Online all the documents (such as pictures) necessary for the promotion of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) or make suggestions on the promotion plan to Zhi Ao Online, and it shall also attend the press conferences or activities planned and arranged by Zhi Ao Online.

 

  (d) Both Parties agree that, before the commercialization of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version), the marketing meetings with respect to the operation, promotion and activities of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) shall be held at least once every two (2) weeks, to determine and adjust the manner and content of the marketing sale.

 

10. Delay and Default of Performance

 

10.1 Both Parties shall actively guarantee the performance of this Agreement and shall immediately take action for remedy in the event of a breach.

 

10.2 If Zhi Ao Online fails to pay Gamease the account payable in the applicable period while Gamease has duly performed the obligations under this Agreement, Gamease shall have the right to claim for all the losses incurred by such breach, and demand Zhi Ao Online to perform its duty of payment within thirty (30) days. The liquidated damages shall be 3% of account payable in the applicable period per day. If any payment is delayed for sixty (60) days, Gamease shall be entitled to terminate this Agreement unilaterally.

 

10.3 If Gamease fails to provide the technology service, improvement or upgrade in accordance with the schedule and/or the stipulation of the Agreement while Zhi Ao Online has duly performed the obligations under this Agreement, Zhi Ao Online shall have the right to claim for all the losses incurred by such breach and demand Gamease to perform its obligations within thirty (30) days. The liquidated damages shall be 3% of the account payable in the applicable period per day.

 

10.4 To encourage mutual trust and cooperation, both Parties agree that, during the term of performance under this Agreement, Gamease may, by giving a notice in advance, at its own expenses hire a certified public account (CPA) or a world-known accounting firm to conduct auditing on the account books and records of Zhi Ao Online, which is related to the revenue part of Gamease at the time and in the manner agreed upon by both Parties. If the audit results show Zhi Ao Online has not paid to Gamease in full; Zhi Ao Online shall make full payment or make mistake payment to Gamease and pay the late fees in accordance with the provisions of Article 10.2 as well as indemnify Gamease for the reasonable expenses incurred in the auditing work. Likewise, Zhi Ao Online may at its own expenses, by itself or through other authorized institution, conduct inspections on the improvement, upgrade and renewal of the products at the time and manner agreed upon by both Parties by giving a notice to Gamease in advance. If the results of inspection show that Gamease has failed to perform its obligations according to the schedule or standard agreed upon by both Parties, Zhi Ao Online may suspend the payment of the relevant funds to Gamease until Gamease has complied with the requirements agreed upon by both Parties. Meanwhile, as indicated in Article 10.3, Gamease shall bear the reasonable expenses related to such inspections and pay liquidated damages to Zhi Ao Online.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

10.5 The provisions aforesaid shall not be applicable if a Party has notified the other Party in writing and has been accepted by such Party.

 

11. Performance and Termination

 

11.1 Performance of the Agreement

 

  (a) This Agreement shall come into force upon the approval from the board of director of both Parties and as of the date of execution by both Parties.

 

  (b) The term of this Agreement shall commence from the execution date, and the total duration of TLBB’s operation (Chinese traditional version) shall be a consecutive three (3) years since its commercialization.

 

  (c) If both Parties fail to conclude an agreement on further cooperation at termination of this Agreement, Zhi Ao Online shall pay all the funds to Gamease, and, by making a public announcement and prevent the confidential information from disclosing to end users, shall hand over the database materials to Gamease or any third Party it designates.

 

  (d) Zhi Ao Online shall pay, and Gamease is entitled to receive, the royalty, Share of Monthly Sales Revenue, Share of Income from Game-related Products in compliance with the timetable in this Agreement. No unilateral termination of the Agreement is allowed except under the circumstance expressly provided in this Agreement. Even if a Party breaches the contract, the other Party may, based on the principle for realizing the highest interests of the Agreement, demand the defaulting Party to continue to perform the Agreement without prejudice to its right of claims for losses incurred by such breach.

 

11.2 Unilateral Termination

Under the following circumstances, either Party may unilaterally terminate the Agreement by giving a written notice to the other Party:

 

  (a) The Parties shall settle any problem or dispute arising out of the performance of this Agreement firstly. If no settlement can be reached through friendly negotiations within thirty (30) days after they start negotiations, which prevents one Party or both Parties from continuing its or their performance of the rights and obligations under the Agreement, either Party may unilaterally terminate the Agreement

 

  (b) Where a Party breaches the contract, the performing Party shall be entitled to give a written notice to the breaching Party for requesting it to cease such breach and take actions to remedy. If the breaching Party fails to take actions to remedy such breach within thirty (30) days after receipt of the written notice from the performing Party, the latter may unilaterally terminate the Agreement.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

  (c) During the performance of this Agreement, if one Party concludes an agreement with its creditors and announces a liquidation process (whenever it is dissolved, taken over by their Party or by custody of the court) and the due performance of this Agreement is affected, either Party may unilaterally terminate the Agreement by giving a written notice to the other Party.

 

   

If Gamease is the Party to be notified, it shall provide to Zhi Ao Online with all the source codes of TLBB (Traditional Chinese Version) in order to ensure the normal provision of services to users within the scope of the license. The source codes received by Zhi Ao Online shall only be used to provide services to users within the scope of the license.

 

   

If Zhi Ao Online is the Party notifying, it shall hand over, free of charge, the user’s database, information of sales channels and other materials related to the commercialization of Gamease and any third Party it designates in order to ensure the normal provision of services to users within the scope of the license. Gamease shall have the right to look for another Party to continue operating TLBB in Hong Kong and Macau.

 

  (d) If one Party is forced to suspend the performance of this Agreement by a force majeure event which has lasted for three (3) months, and both Parties fail to reach a solution.

 

  (e) During the performance of this Agreement, if one Party is required by the government to make some corrections or amendments to its rights or obligations in this Agreement and such amendment or correction render the attainment of the Party’s commercial targets impossible.

 

  (f) Special Statement: if the source codes or the server programs are disclosed by an illegal server for reasons attributable to Gamease and both Parties fail to reach an agreement within thirty (30) days thereafter, Zhi Ao Online shall have the right to terminate this Agreement unilaterally without prejudice to its right of claims against Gamease for all the losses incurred. If the server programs are disclosed for reasons attributable to Zhi Ao Online and both Parties fail to reach an agreement within thirty (30) days thereafter, Gamease shall have the right to terminate this Agreement unilaterally without prejudice to its right of claims against Zhi Ao Online for all the losses incurred.

 

  (g) This Agreement may be terminated through written consent by both Parties.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

12. Amendment or Supplement

 

12.1 No amendment or supplement shall be made to this Agreement without the written consent of both Parties.

 

12.2 During the performance of this Agreement, if any emergency occurs, the Parties hereto shall settle such problem through friendly negotiations, and conclude, based on this Agreement, a supplementary agreement in the principle of fairness and mutual benefit. Either Party has the right to demand the execution of a supplementary agreement and make supplementary statements about the emergency.

 

12.3 Without the prior written consent of both Parties, no right or obligation under the Agreement shall be sold, assigned or granted to any third Party. If this Agreement is agreed by both Parties to be transferred by one Party to any third Party, the transferring Party and the third Party shall guarantee the rights and obligations of the other Party in writing, which means that the rights and obligations of either Party thereto shall remain the same even if the signing Party is different.

 

13. Representations and Covenants

 

13.1 Warranties by Gamease

 

  (a) Gamease has the right to execute this Agreement, and it shall have the right to license and dispose the above products owned or to be owned by Gamease.

 

  (b) The performance of Gamease under this Agreement and the completion of the proposed transaction do not violate any effective laws or regulations. The use of the product by Gamease or Zhi Ao Online would not infringe any patent, copyright, trade secret or third Parties’ intellectual property right.

 

13.2 Warranties by Zhi Ao Online

 

  (a) Zhi Ao Online has the right to execute this Agreement, and it shall use, maintain, sell and promote the products in accordance with the laws and regulations applicable within the scope of the license.

 

  (b) Zhi Ao Online shall be responsible for all the expenses incurred in connection with the sale transactions of the product and/or relevant procedures (such as application for registration code, feasibility study, permits by government), relationship with the government and obtaining all the governmental approvals necessary for the adequate performance of this Agreement, including but not limited to the sale permit for the imported games, any payment and exchange agreement related to this Agreement.

 

13.3

Both Parties warrant that the effectiveness, interpretation and performance of this Agreement will be in full compliance with the laws in places within the scope of the license and those of the People’s Republic of China. Each Party shall make its reasonable


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

 

efforts to assist the other Party in obtaining the necessary governmental permits, even if the permits are related to the Agreement. Both Parties shall make corresponding modifications or corrections if required by any governmental approval, and the modified and corrected provisions shall be valid and binding.

 

14. Notice

Any notice which is given pursuant to this Agreement shall be in writing and delivered personally, transmitted by facsimile or sent by postage prepaid, to the following addresses and numbers:

 

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Recipient:   Yanjuan Chen
Address:   F2-5, East Wing, Jingyan Hotel, No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing
Tel:   86-10-62726816
Fax:   86-10-62702951
Email:   vickiechen@sohu-inc.com

Zhi Ao Online Game Group Company Limited

Recipient:   Lingling Shi
Address:   Part A F21, Beijiao Industry Tower, No. 499 Yinghuang Road, Beijiao, Hong Kong
Tel:   852-28660018
Fax:   852-2866-9292
Email:   ling@gameone.com

Notices given by personal delivery shall be deemed effective on the date of delivery; notices given by facsimile shall be deemed effective on the date of successful transmission; notices sent by postage prepaid shall be deemed effective on the fifth (5) working day as of date of mailing. The letter is proved to be duly mailed when the address is accurately written, the stamp duly affixed and the letter put in the box. All the means of notices shall be treated impartially. A written confirmation to each notice given by facsimile shall be made immediately and delivered personally or sent by postage prepaid to the other Party. Either Party shall give a seven (7) days’ notice in writing prior to any change of its address or fax number.

 

15. Settlement of Disputes

If any dispute arises out of the performance of this Agreement, the Parties hereto shall firstly settle such dispute through friendly negotiations. If no settlement can be reached through consultation, each Party can submit such matter to the courts of Singapore for arbitration and be judged with the then current effective rules. The arbitration award shall be final and binding upon the Parties.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

16. Non-Agency

Each Party is an independent contractor and no part of this Agreement shall be construed as one Party appointing the other Party as its agent, partner, legal person, lawyer or employee. One Party shall not be bound by the other Party except the stipulation in provisions of this Agreement.

 

17. Force Majeure

If performance of the obligations in this Agreement is delayed by the fault, forbearance or negligence caused by reasons beyond the reasonable control of each Party, including natural disasters, strikes, riots, wars, plagues, acts of governments after the execution of this Agreement, earthquakes or other disasters, neither Party shall be responsible for such fault, forbearance or negligence caused by such reasons. In this case, the Party affected by such force majeure shall deliver in writing a liability exemption statement to the other Party, and both Parties have the obligation to make up the losses incurred. Besides, the time limitation fixed by the affected Party for the performance of its duties under this Agreement shall be correspondingly extended with reference to the losses incurred by the force majeure event.

 

18. Effectiveness

The letter of intent executed by both Parties prior to this Agreement is concluded in order to basically determine the matters of cooperation and the rights and obligations of both Parties. If the content contained in the letter of intent is different with this Agreement, this Agreement shall prevail.

 

19. Miscellaneous

 

19.1 The terms and headings of each section contained in this Agreement are for the convenience of reference only and shall not affect the performance of this Agreement in material respects.

 

19.2 Zhi Ao Online shall have priority agency rights to any continuation or additional story of TLBB developed by Gamease or any other online games launched by Gamease.

 

19.3 Upon the performance of this Agreement, the Parties will release or acknowledge the following documents as Appendices to this Agreement:

 

   

Photocopies of the business licenses of both Parties (with company seal)

 

   

The certificate of copyright or certificate of authorization of TLBB in Chinese version

 

   

Quality Acceptance Manual of TLBB


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and have been

separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

 

Both Parties agree to execute supplementary agreements or add the appendices during the term of this Agreement.

This Agreement is made in four (4) originals. Gamease and Zhi Ao Online shall hold two (2) copies respectively. Each copy of this Agreement shall have equal effect.

 

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (SEAL)

By:  

/s/ Tao Wang

Name:   Tao Wang (Signature)
Title:   General Manager

Zhi Ao Online Game Group Co., Ltd. (SEAL)

By:  

/s/ Renyi Shi

Name:   Renyi Shi (Signature)
Title:   General Manager

Exhibit 10.29

Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

English Translation

Game Software License Agreement

This Game Software License Agreement is entered into as of July 21, 2008 between the following two Parties:

 

Party A:    Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (Gamease)
   Address: F 2-5, East Wing, Jing Yan Hotel, No. 29, Shijingshan Road, Shjingshan District, Beijing.
   Contact Person: Li FANG, Dewen CHEN
   Tel: 010-627268906, 13910682129
Party B:    Beijing Game Peak Software Co., Ltd.
   Address: F 11, Tower A, Wan Liu Yi Cheng Center, No. 11 Changchunqiao Road, Haidian District, Beijing
   Contact Person: Wei WANG, Ping XIA
   Tel: 010-58818189; 13801367337

WHEREAS:

 

(A) Party B has the server and user end software technology of the online game software, the “Immortal Faith” (“Immortal Faith”) (“Licensed Product”, as defined in detail in Clause 6 of Article 1).

 

(B) Party B wishes to enhance its popularity in the market, achieve more market share and gain proceeds from the potential market.

 

(C) Party A intends to operate, promote, publish, product, utilize, sell and improve the Licensed Product and to provide the relevant product technology support services.

 

(D) Party B licenses Party A to maintain, operate and promote the Licensed Product and to use all the trademarks and labels of the Licensed Product.

 

(E) Party B has the intellectual property right of the Licensed Product for the part developed by Party B; and Party A shall pay a license fee and a share of the revenue to Party B in order to obtain the exclusive permanent operation right of the Licensed Product in mainland China, the exclusive right to license the oversea operator and all relevant product and technology support services from Party B during the operation period.

NOW, THEREFORE , both Parties agree as follows:

Article 1 Definitions

Unless otherwise provided hereunder, the following terms shall have the meanings as follows:

 

1.1 “License Fee” refers to all license fees that Party A shall pay to Party B under Clause 4.1 and 4.2.3 in order to obtain the operation right of the Licensed Product pursuant to this Agreement.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

1.2 “Character Image Business” refers to all of the commercial activities relevant to the character image of the Licensed Product.

 

1.3 “Day” refers to business days from Monday to Friday, excluding Saturday, Sunday, bank holidays or any other public holidays.

 

1.4 “Error” refers to the material defects, fault and functional damages of the Licensed Product that occur during the term of this Agreement, including without limitation:

 

  1.4.1 failure with consecutive execution, data loss, inappropriately formatted or incorrect output format;

 

  1.4.2 material defect to the game, which causes the items and experience of the system to produce a different effect from its design/setting;

 

  1.4.3 instability of the game server and user end program, which may cause frequent automatic exiting of the game and disconnection.

 

1.5 “Technology Support Service” refers to the reasonable upgrade (service packs) service and technology consultation services provided by Party B upon the request of Party A.

 

1.6 “Licensed Product” refers to an online game named IMMORTAL FAITH (temporary name), all of the relevant programs and source codes as developed by Party B pertaining to IMMORTAL FAITH and all of the relevant products, trademarks, labels and interests for commercial purpose, including but not limited to the online game product of IMMORTAL FAITH, data slices, upgraded versions and relevant accessory products developed by Party B, which are displayed in any form or recorded in any carrier. The Licensed Product should be able to operate securely and normally.

 

1.7 “Game Revenue” refers to the monthly actual revenue collected each month by Party A for operating the Licensed Product before deducting the relevant channel costs, business taxes and revenue share as paid to Party B. Both Parties shall use the actual revenue of monthly online game users as provided by the Licensed Product Payment System as the basis of the revenue share for the previous month, which shall be confirmed by both Parties in writing to effectively become the Parties’ base amount for mutual profit distribution. The Game Revenue shall be named and calculated as certain currency and be realized as pre-paid cards, monthly paid cards, virtual item cards, virtual pre-paid cards and so on.

 

1.8 “Game Accessory Products” refers to any physical items developed or authorized to be developed by Party A related to the content of the game, including but not limited to the character’s toy, stationary, toy or published product related to the game, cloth, accessory, commodity with the logo of the game and the game’s tool, mobile picture, strategies book and so on.

 

1.9 “Sale Revenue of Accessory Products” refer to the net revenue for selling accessory products, which shall be deducted by production cost, channel cost and business tax.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

1.10 “Advertising Revenue” refers to the revenue arising out of the advertising through the game or any other related advertising, which has been deducted by business tax. The advertising revenue shall not include any expenses paid to the third party proxy or any discount payable to the third party.

 

1.11 “Product Package” refers to the products sold to the user, including virtual items.

 

1.12 “Data Slices and Extension Packs” refer to the various upgraded, optimized and updated versions of the Licensed Product.

 

1.13 “Virus” refers to the computer program that can copy itself and leave such copies into other media, including but not limited to tapes, memory sticks, electrical tape players, CDs or disks, which could destroy the data and cause the clients’ documents to be damaged and interfered with.

 

1.14 “PRC” or “China” refers to the People’s Republic of China, excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Province.

 

1.15 “PCU”: refers to peak concurrent users, which is the highest number of frequent users online.

 

1.16 “Monthly Revenue” refers to the game revenue collected in a month, the month herein means one calendar month.

Article 2 The License

 

2.1 According to the payment arrangement hereunder, Party B licenses Party A an exclusive and permanent operating right for the online game of IMMORTAL FAITH in the mainland of China and to be responsible for the promotion, publication, production, sale and maintenance of the Licensed Product. Party A shall not transfer or license any right of the Licensed Product to any third party without the written consent of Party B in mainland China. Party B shall not operate the Licensed Product by any means and shall not transfer or license the Licensed Product in full or in partiality to any third party besides Party A by any means in the territory of China. If the affiliates of Party A wants to obtain the same rights as indicated in Clause 2.1, Party B must agree in writing, but Party B shall not refuse without reason.

 

2.2 Party B licenses Party A the operating rights and technology support of IMMORTAL FAITH any country or region outside of mainland China.

 

2.3 Upon the written consent of Party B, Party A can cooperate with a third party in mainland China to operate IMMORTAL FAITH. The revenue (deducting business taxes) from the co-operation of IMMORTAL FAITH shall be shared together with the revenue from the sole operation of IMMORTAL FAITH in mainland China (deducting channel cost and business tax) pursuant to the Clause 4.2.1.

 

2.4 Party A shall have the right to operate, manage, promote, publish, produce, sell and maintain the Licensed Product at its sole discretion and be solely responsible for the implementation of the product operations and strategies. Party B shall have the right to inquire concerning the specific strategies and to provide suggestions to Party A. Party A shall reply to such inquiries and suggestions in writing.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

2.5 Before the internal test of Party B, during the internal test and the open test of Party B, in all three times, Party B shall provide Party A with all the source code of the IMMORTAL FAITH server, and user end and the relevant tools. In the source code provided by Party B during the second time and third time, the source code of the server shall be used on the Linux system. After the official test of IMMORTAL FAITH by Party A, Party A has the right to improve and self-develop the IMMORTAL FAITH and process the sole intellectual property right for the source code of the subsequent developed server, user end and relevant tool, including all intellectual property rights for data slices and extension packs.

 

2.6 To perform this Agreement, Party A shall have the right to use the trademarks, labels or various characters’ images of the Licensed Product to promote the Licensed Product; upon the written consent of Party B, Party A shall have the right to modify and create the label according to the request of market promotion, and process all rights to such modified and created label.

Article 3 Term and Schedule

 

3.1 Term

This Agreement shall take effect upon its execution by both Parties and remain effective until a mutually agreed termination by both Parties.

 

3.2 Schedule:

The Parties has agreed to the following schedule for the operation of the game (the detailed schedule is attached to Appendix I):

Closed Test: conducted by Party A as indicated in Appendix 1.

Internal Test: conducted by Party A as indicated in Appendix 1.

Open Test: conducted by Party A as indicated in Appendix 1.

Commercial Operation: conducted by Party A as indicated in Appendix 1.

 

3.3 Version Plan and Delivery Schedule: Appendix 2.

 

3.4 Game’s Check and Acceptance

 

  3.4.1 Within the term of this Agreement, Party A has the right to supervise Party B’s game development, including site visitations. Upon the request of Party A, Party B shall notify Party A in writing concerning the relevant development circumstances.

 

  3.4.2 To implement the operation schedule under Clause 3.2, Party B shall develop by stages – a game software close test version, an internal test version, an open test version and a commercial operation version. Without Party A’s inspection and acceptance, Party B shall not carry out the development at the next step.

 

  3.4.3

As for the communication, delivery method, acceptance and confirmation of the game’s version (close test version, internal test version, open test version and commercial operation version and their revised version), the Parties agree: the


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

 

version plan and delivery schedule as indicated in Appendix 2 shall be the written evidence of Party A’s inspection and acceptance. Party A shall start examining and providing a test opinion within fifteen (15) business days (“Acceptance Period”) from the receipt of the complete server end and user end version and shall confirm in accordance with the requirements in Appendix 2.

 

  3.4.4 If Party A finds, during the examination process, that Party B has not developed the game as required by Appendix 2 and the game has material defects, which may affect the normal operation and security of the game, Party A shall provide a formal written report during the Acceptance Period. If no such report is provided, the delivery shall be deemed as qualified. Party B shall consummate the game within 20 business days after receiving the written report (or at a time agreed by the Parties), and the modified version shall also be delivered to Party A. Once Party A examines the version and accepts the modified or revised version, the mission of the development in this period shall be completed.

 

  3.4.5 If the version has a design defect that is not a specific requirement as indicated in Appendix 2, Party A shall have the right to supplement and amend Appendix 2 and communicate with Party B for agreement. Party B shall modify the version within twenty (20) days upon the agreement made by both Parties. Once Party A examines the version and accepts the modified or revised version, the mission of the development in this period shall be completed.

 

  3.4.6 As for the manner of delivery, acceptance and confirmation between both Parties, the Parties agree it shall be made in writing (in printed word file, e-mail, handwriting or other cognizable formal written documents).

Article 4 License Fee and Revenue Share

 

4.1 License Fee

In order to obtain the operation and subsequent development right of the Licensed Product, Party A shall pay Party B RMB    *     in total as the License Fee in three intervals. Party A shall pay in accordance with the following schedule:

 

  4.1.1 Within ten (10) days after the receipt of the formal invoice issued by Party B, Party A shall pay    *     of the License Fee (    *    ) to Party B;

 

  4.1.2 Before the internal test, after the source code of the complete server ends, the users end and the relevant tools provided by Party B to Party A passes the examination of Party A, Party A shall pay    *     of the License Fee (    *    ) to Party B within ten (10) days upon the receipt of the formal invoice issued by Party B;

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

  4.1.3 At the beginning of the internal test, after the source code of the complete server ends, user ends and the relevant tools provided by Party B to Party A passes the examination of Party A, Party A shall pay    *     of the License Fee (    *    ) to Party B within ten (10) days upon the receipt of the formal invoice issued by Party B.

 

4.2 Revenue Share

Within the term of this Agreement, Party B shall provide durative technology service, technology training, maintenance support and other services related to the Licensed Product to Party A. Other than the License Fee above, the Parties agree to share the monthly game revenue obtained by operating the Licensed Product in the manner of following proportion and time:

 

  4.2.1 The Proportion of Revenue Share

 

  4.2.1.1 Within    *     year from the commercial operation, Party A shall pay to Party B    *     of the revenue from the operation of IMMORTAL FAITH each month.

 

  4.2.1.2 During    *     from the commercial operation, Party A shall pay to Party B    *     of the revenue from the operation of IMMORTAL FAITH each month.

 

  4.2.1.3 During    *     years from the commercial operation, Party A shall pay to Party B    *     of the revenue from the operation of IMMORTAL FAITH each month.

 

  4.2.1.4 After    *     years from the commercial operation, Party A shall pay to Party B    *     of the revenue from the operation of IMMORTAL FAITH each month.

 

  4.2.2 Payment Schedule

After the commercial operation of the Licensed Product, before the 10 th day of each month, Party A shall provide to Party B with the revenue data and share data of the previous month, which will be the basis of settlement. After confirmation by both Parties, Party B shall issue a formal invoice to Party A, and Party A shall pay Party B within ten (10) business days after receiving the invoice.

 

  4.2.3 Revenue Share for Oversea Licensing

The revenue from the oversea licensing of IMMORTAL FAITH (including the License Fee and revenue share) shall be shared under Clause 4.2.1 after deducting the oversea income tax (which is withheld by the oversea operator).

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

4.3 Share of Accessory Products

The share of sales revenue from accessory products that is payable monthly to Party B shall be calculated as follows:

 

  4.3.1 The revenue from retail of accessory products through online shopping:

Party B’s revenue = retail price of accessory products    ×     monthly sold number (complete transaction)    ×    *    .

 

  4.3.2 The revenue from brand authorization for selling accessory products:

Party B’s revenue = brand authorization revenue already received for each month    ×    *     .

 

  4.3.3 The sales revenue of accessory products as defined in Clause 1.9. The Parties agree to renegotiate with each other for the proportion of revenue share if the sale cost for the accessory products is too high.

 

4.4

The sales revenue of the product package including the virtual items shall be shared under Clause 4.2.1. Before the 10 th day of each month, Party A shall provide the revenue data and share data of the previous month for product packaging including virtual items.

 

4.5

The advertising revenue incurred for the operation of the Licensed Product shall be shares under Clause 4.2.1. Before the 10 th day of each month, Party A shall provide the advertising data and share data of the previous month to Party B, and Party B has the right to request Party A to display the advertising related agreement between Party A and a third party. Advertising revenue is defined in Clause 1.10.

 

4.6 All the above payments shall be made in RMB.

 

4.7 All the above payments shall be remitted to the account of Party B as follows or by check:

Name: Beijing Game Peak Software Co., Ltd.

Bank:    *

Account Number:    *

 

4.8 Party B shall bear the taxes relevant to the aforesaid payment from Party A to Party B.

 

4.9 Before the payment, Party B shall issue a legal and valid invoice to Party A.

 

4.10 Upon the written confirmation of both Parties to delay the operation schedule as indicated in Appendix 1, the payment shall be delayed accordingly, and Party A is not liable to pay any penalty.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

Article 5 New Product Operation and the Bidding Priority

 

5.1 If within one (1) year after the open test, the PCU reaches 50,000 persons and within five (5) years upon the execution of this Agreement, if Party B proposes any development program plan of the new product (“New Product”), Party A shall have priority in the exclusive proxy operating rights for the New Product provided that Party A has fully performed its obligation under this Agreement.

 

5.2 If Party A intends to act as an agent for the New Product,

 

  5.2.1 If any third party requests a bid for the operating rights of the New Product, before accepting such offer, Party B shall notify Party A of the material bidding provisions of the third party and consult with Party A for its opinions on the proposed price provided that there is no violation of Party B’s obligation under the confidentiality provision entered with the other bidding party. However, Party B shall not disclose the price proposed by Party A.

 

  5.2.2 If Party A’s bid offers similar commercial conditions as that of the third party, Party A shall first consider in priority Party A in obtaining such exclusive proxy operating rights.

 

  5.2.3 Each offer shall be submitted in writing. Both parties shall reply by accepting or rejecting the offer within seven (7) days.

Article 6 Party B’s Rights and Obligations

 

6.1 Party B shall timely modify the Licensed Product based on the reasonable improvement suggestions as presented by Party A. Party B shall bear the relevant costs. If Party A’s improvement suggestions exceed the development standard as attached in Appendix II, the Parties shall discuss the expenses again.

 

6.2 Within the term of this Agreement, Party B and Party A shall confirm the training content as provided by Party B, and Party B shall provide timely and sufficient technology training and ensure that the training of technology support services necessary for Party A’s commercial operation is completed no later than the beginning of the internal test.

 

6.3 Within six (6) months after the open test of the Licensed Product, in order to ensure that the level of technology support by Party B for the Licensed Product would not decrease, Party B shall make all endeavors to provide technology support to Party A with its development team.

 

6.4 Upon the execution of this Agreement, Party B shall provide maintenance and upgrade services to the Licensed Product upon the request of Party A, including daily technology maintenance, technology support for any accidents, development of upgraded version and regular or irregular upgrade, etc. until the transfer of all the source code of the commercial operating server end, user end and relevant tools is complete.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

6.5 Party B shall provide to Party A with all of the documents, including the market promotion material and user’s manual, no later than the beginning of the internal test, and shall modify, revise, add or amend the market promotion material and user’s manual in accordance with Party A’s feedback and opinions after the internal test.

 

6.6 From the first delivery of the source code to the six (6) months after the open test of the product, Party B shall provide 7 x 24 hour technology support to address all of the problems occurring in the Licensed Product’s operation.

 

6.7 After the transfer of the source code of the commercial operating server end, user end and the relevant tools are complete, if Party A puts forwards the technology or quality problems of the Licensed Product in writing, Party B shall respond within eight (8) hours and propose a settlement plan. The relevant expenses and fees shall be borne by Party B. As for the problems which have already affected the successive operation of the product and stopped the users’ usage, Party B shall solve the problem no later than twenty-four (24) hours upon the written request of Party A. For those problems that may threaten the successive operation and the users’ usage, Party B shall rectify them within five (5) days upon the written request of Party A.

 

6.8 Both Parties shall take action to ensure the security of the Licensed Product’s source code and protect the source code from being disclosed, which may cause the invalidity of the Licensed Product’s licensing right and affect the commercial operation of the Licensed Product and other usages.

 

6.9 Without the written consent of Party A, Party B shall not deliver the source code of the Licensed Product to any third party unless it is required by laws and regulations.

 

6.10 Party B shall develop a daily record of the Licensed Product’s operation in accordance with the format requested by Party A.

 

6.11 Party B shall transfer the relevant interfaces of the anti-cheating system to Party A before the open test.

 

6.12 Party B shall guarantee that it has the full property right and copyright of the Licensed Product or has obtained all the necessary authority and consent, which ensures Party A’s valid right to operate in proxy the Licensed Product within the term of this Agreement.

 

6.13 Party B guarantees, from the execution of this Agreement and during the term of this Agreement, that there is no claim or potential threat by any third party against Party A for the right licensed by Party B, and Party A’s activities pursuant to this Agreement.
6.14 Party A is responsible for the development of the charging system, and Party B shall provide the full support. Party B shall ensure the security of the charging system’s account and password as provided by Party A.

 

6.15 Party B agrees to make its best effort to provide the same documents as described in this Agreement in order to assist Party A in obtaining the relevant publication rights of the Licensed Product, including without limitation internet publication rights.

 

6.16 Party B is responsible for dealing with the formalities of the computer software copyright and other relevant filing procedures for the license.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

6.17 Without the written consent of Party A, Party B shall not conduct any public relations or marketing activities in China. Any public relations or marketing activities by Party B and its agent or its employees shall be subject to Party A’s opinions. Party B shall not disseminate the circumstances of Party A’s business performance to anyone.

 

6.18 Before Party B’s internal test, the transplant of the source code of the Licensed Product’s server into the Linux system shall be complete. The server end source code provided by Party B to Party A during the internal test shall be edited and operated on the Linux system.

Article 7 Party A’s Rights and Obligations

 

7.1 According to the exclusive license under this Agreement, Party A shall have the right to exclusively and permanently operate IMMORTAL FAITH in the mainland of China and to pay a License Fee and a revenue share to Party B pursuant to Article 4 of this Agreement.

 

7.2 Party A shall have the right, in accordance with this Agreement, to examine the product version for different stages provided by Party B and, if Party B finds any problems, to request Party B to rectify any problems at any time in order to ensure the normal operation of the Licensed Product.

 

7.3 Party A shall carry out the preparation of the operation and implementation as required by Appendix 1.

 

7.4 Party A shall have the right to decide on the promotion strategies of the Licensed Product independently and to implement it.

 

7.5 All relevant costs and expenses that occur during the operation of the Licensed Product shall be borne by Party A. The “relevant costs and expenses” shall include without limitation the fees of the servers, the fees of the database software, the fees charged for the deposit of servers and the use of broadband network, commercial issuing fees for the product, all the purchase cost and maintenance fees of the servers, the fees charged for the support and call centre necessary for the product and relevant software, the design and issuing fees charged for the promotion of the product (including the fees for making cards, CD, advertisements, CG animation, posters and presents) and distribution channel promotion fees.

 

7.6 Party A is responsible for securing the approvals for publishing the Licensing Product from the relevant authorities of the PRC and obtaining all the permits necessary for the commercial operation of the Licensed Product in the PRC. Party B shall assist Party A to conduct such application and shall provide the relevant documents required for the approvals or permits in accordance with the relevant regulations of the PRC.

 

7.7 Party A shall bear the cost of the fixed assets for the market operation of the Licensed Product, management and operating costs, customer service costs and public relations and market promotion expenses, including the joint advertisement by both Parties, business advertising, storefront advertising, in-store promotion and any other necessary promotion activities. If the market promotion undertaken by Party A requests the assistance of Party B, Party A shall consult with Party B in advance.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

7.8 Party shall provide Party B with the login terminal, account, password of the charging system as well as open the inquiry function.

 

7.9 Party A has to provide a monthly sales report to Party B, which shall contain gross sales, the number of paid consumers and the number of concurrent users each month, the sales revenue of the product package, the advertising revenue, the sales revenue of accessory products, the charging data and the agreement with third party for internal advertising sales revenue. Party A is responsible for assisting Party B in auditing.

 

7.10 Party A shall possess the ownership of the user database and the charging data.

 

7.11 To avoid any misunderstanding, the Parties intend to allow the users to use the Licensed Product and obtain the user end software free of charge in the early stages of the cooperation.

Article 8 Installation, Maintenance and Training

 

8.1 If problems with the game’s code system arise during the service of the Licensed Product, and Party A could not fix them with its best effort, Party A shall notify Party B of the problems. After receiving Party A’ s notice, Party B shall settle the problem as soon as possible in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. When the Licensed Product is attacked by hackers or other control software in China, the Parties shall solve the problem cooperatively.

 

8.2 Party B shall actively respond to Party A’s maintenance requests. Within a normal working time, Party A shall contact the technology personnel designated by Party B through MSN, telephone or by means of face-to-face contact. The designated personnel shall promptly answer Party A’s various technology problems. The designated personnel shall be available 7    ×    24 hours by phone for any emergency call.

 

8.3 If Party A encounters any serious technology problems which cannot be fixed independently during the service of the Licensed Product (such as defects or problems with the game’s security), or the reasonable program’s change or upgrade aimed to improve the quality of the game and the efficiency of management, Party A shall demand formal technology support from the technology personnel designated by Party B, and Party B shall make its best endeavor to fix all of the problems within a reasonable period of time but no later than five (5) days.

Article 9 Copyright and Guarantee

 

9.1 Party B represents and warrants to Party A:

 

  9.1.1 Party B warrants that it owns and controls the sufficient copyright and intellectual property right of the Licensed Product for commercial operation and has sufficient right of the source code, all of the images and characters, symbols, etc. of the Licensed Product.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

  9.1.2 There are no disputes over the copyright of the Licensed Product within the term of this Agreement. The Licensed Product does not have any infringement actions against it.

 

  9.1.3 The content of the Licensed Product does not contain any slander or imputation against any entity.

 

  9.1.4 The Licensed Product does not contain material defects which could cause the game to not operate normally.

 

9.2 When a third party has alleged or threatens to allege the copyright and intellectual property right of the Licensed Product, Party A can take part in the dispute settlement at any time. However, if the third party claims the right and any indemnification with regard to the copyright and intellectual property right of the Licensed Product, Party B shall settle the problem independently and guarantee that Party A’s interests shall not be harmed. If Party A suffers from the aforesaid, Party B shall indemnify all of Party A’s losses.

 

9.3 During the term of operation, Party A shall individually bear any cost and expenses for litigation, damage and indemnification by reason of Party A. If Party B suffers from the aforesaid, Party A shall indemnify Party B for its losses.

Article 10 Breach of Contract and Termination

 

10.1 Except for a Force Majeure event as defined in Article 13 hereunder, if one Party fails to perform the obligations herein without any reasonable reason and cannot rectify its non-performance within seven (7) days after receiving the written notice from the non-defaulting party, it shall be regarded as a breach of contract.

 

10.2 The defaulting party shall be responsible for the loss suffered by the other Party as a result of the default event, including but not limited to, the losses, the attorney’s fees and all relevant litigation expenses.

 

10.3 If Party A fails to perform the obligation under Article 7, in addition to the right to claim Party A’s breach of contract under Article 10.1 and 10.2, Party B shall have the right to request Party A to indemnify in an amount of 0.5% of the payable License Fees payable per day until Party A continues to perform its obligations again.

 

10.4 If Party B fails to perform its obligation under Article 6, in addition to the right to claim for Party A’s breach of contract under Article 10.1 and 10.2, Party B shall have the right to request Party A to indemnify in a amount of 0.5% of the payable License Fee payable per day until Party A continues to perform its obligations again.

 

10.5 According to the delivery schedule as indicated in Appendix 2, before the open test, if Party B fails to achieve the relevant work after a six (6) months delay due to its own fault, Party A has the right to terminate this Agreement and request Party B to return the License Fee. If Party B discloses the source code or other confidential information, which damages Party A’s interests, Party A could terminate the Agreement and has the right to request Party B to bear the liabilities and indemnities. During the term of the operation of the Licensed Product by Party A, if disclosure of the source code is made by Party A, which damages Party B, Party A shall indemnify Party B for its losses.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

10.6 If the Licensed Product has a critical error and Party B fails to solve it within thirty (30) days, which prevents the Licensed Products from operating commercially and entering into the market, then Party A could terminate this Agreement, and Party B shall indemnify Party A of its loss. Critical error refers to the program technology problems which naturally affect the normal operation and cannot be solved, the disclosure and loss of the source code caused by Party B and the connection problems between the service operation and the charging system. However, before the termination of this Agreement, the Parties shall convene a meeting to settle the aforesaid problems jointly.

 

10.7 Within the term of this Agreement, if Party A is separated, merged, dissolved or liquidated by other reasons, Party A has to transfer for free the operation right of the game and the relevant game’s data to Party B or the third party designated by Party B after assessment by the appraiser; Within the term of this Agreement, if Party B is separated, merged, dissolved or liquidated by other reason, Party B has to transfer the copyright of the Licensed Product to Party A or the third party designated by Party A after the appraiser’s assessment. During the aforesaid process, if the game is still operating, the Parties shall ensure that the assessment and transfer would not cause any material adverse effect.

 

10.8 In of the event of the following, Party B has the right to terminate this Agreement and license the product to a third party:

 

  (a) Without Party B’s consent, Party A delays its payment for more than two (2) months;

 

  (b) Without Party B’s consent, Party A unilaterally transfers its rights and obligations herein to a third party other than an affiliate of Party A;

 

  (c) Without both Parties’ written confirmation, Party A could not complete the relevant work within six (6) months from the scheduled time as indicated in Appendix 1, provided that it is not caused by reason of Party B.

If Party B terminates the Agreement by any of the foresaid reasons, Party A shall pay Party B with the amount of account payable before the termination of this Agreement. If the termination causes material loss to Party B, Party B has the right to request Party A to indemnify its losses.

 

10.9 If Party B delivers the source code of the Licensed Product to any third party, Party A has the right to terminate the Agreement and obtain the copyright of the Licensed Product automatically.

Article 11 Confidentiality

 

11.1 The content of this Agreement and the business, financial or relevant information received by one Party from the other Party for the execution, implementation of this Agreement are confidential information. The Parties shall make their efforts to supervise their counsels, proxy or employees to maintain the confidentiality of the relevant information. Without the written consent of the counterpart, neither Party shall disclose any confidential information mentioned in this Agreement to a third party, except to the professional counsels of such Parties. Meanwhile, Party B could file a copy of this Agreement or copied information with the relevant governmental authorities in order to obtain tax preferential treatment.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

11.2 This article shall not be applicable to the information disclosure caused by legal procedure, data request claimed by the State Finance Department, and other non-fault reasons.

 

11.3 The provisions of this Agreement shall be kept strictly confidential. Within the cooperation term and two years after that, the Parties shall not disclose any of the Party or any of the confidential information herein in any forms or manners to any third party or at any place (including the website).

Article 12 Compliance with Laws

The Parties agree that they shall comply with PRC laws and all other applicable laws and regulations while providing product services, product maintenance, treating customers, media and competitors, including but not limited to the relevant online media, telecom service, data privacy and intellectual property protection.

Article 13 Force Majeure

 

13.1 Neither Party shall be responsible for delay in the performance and default caused by a Force Majeure event. Force Majeure includes but is not limited to fires, wars, strikes, governmental bans, law requirements or changes, and other circumstances whose occurrence and consequence cannot be foreseen, prevented and avoided. If relevant provisions of this Agreement could not be performed due to the Force Majeure event, the Parties shall consult with each other to determine whether part of the obligation under this Agreement could be terminated or waived to the extent affected by such Force Majeure event.

 

13.2 Acts of nature, earthquake, flood, typhoon, explosion, fire;

 

13.3 Various kinds of disastrous disease;

 

13.4 Revolt, riot, turbulence, declared or undeclared war;

 

13.5 Any laws, rules, orders, decrees (including a government ban on game publication or its use), authority interference promulgated by governmental authority within the territory of this Agreement, which are applicable to this Agreement or either Party or any other reasons which could not be avoided by the Parties;

 

13.6 Chaos in the supply of important energy resource (including but not limited to the electric power supply);

 

13.7 Collapse of the computer system or communication interruption beyond the control of both Parties.

 

13.8 The Party affected by the Force Majeure event shall promptly notify the other Party of the occurrence of such event of Force Majeure and shall, within twenty (20) days after the event’s occurrence, notify the other Party in writing concerning the occurrence of the event, remedy actions and the reason of default in writing.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

Article 14 Non Cooperative or Association relationship

The Parties did not establish the relationship of proxy, association, or joint venture through this Agreement. Without the consent of one Party, the other Party shall not unilaterally use the counterpart’s trademark, label or company name.

Article 15 Market Promotion

 

15.1 Party A has the right to decide the market promotion strategy of the Licensed Product. Party A shall guarantee that the market promotion cost shall not be less than    *     half a year before and half a year after the open test date.

 

15.2 Within the term of this Agreement and without a written license from Party A, Party B shall not conduct any public relationship or marketing activities related to the Licensed Product in China. Party B shall request Party A’s opinion for any activities of public relationship or marketing actions conducted by Party B, its proxy, employees or itself related to the Licensed Product. Party B shall not disseminate any of Party A’s operational performing situations.

Article 16 Notice

Notices between the Parties shall be in writing and delivered personally, or sent by registered mail or by facsimile transmission (e-mail is also allowed, but, due to the instability of e-mail, it shall not be regarded as the sole manner of delivering formal notice under this Agreement).

Article 17 Governing Law and Dispute Resolution

 

17.1 Any dispute arising from this Agreement, including any dispute regarding its existence, validity or termination, etc. hereunder shall be settled at the Beijing Arbitration Commission in accordance with its arbitration rules, and the arbitration shall take place in Beijing.

 

17.2 The conclusion, performance, interpretation and dispute settlement of this Agreement shall be governed by PRC laws.

(No Text Below)

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

Each of the Parties hereto has caused this Agreement to be executed on the date first set forth above and this Agreement is made in four (4) original copies and each party holds two (2) original copies.

Party A: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (SEAL)

By: /s/ Tao Wang

Authorized Representative:

Date: July 21, 2008

Party B: Beijing Game Peak Software Co., Ltd. (SEAL)

By: /s/ Wei Wang

Authorized Representative:

Date: July 21, 2008

Appendix 1: Operation Schedule

Appendix 2: Version Plan and Delivery Schedule


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

Appendix 1

Operation Schedule of IMMORTAL FAITH

 

1. Close Test

Time:    *

 

2. Internal Test

Time:    *

 

3. Open Test

Time:    *

 

4. Commercial Operation

Time:    *

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

Appendix 2

The version plan and delivery schedule of IMMORTAL FAITH

 

1. First Delivery

Purpose: Start of Close Test

Time:    *

Delivered Content:

 

  (1) the complete source code of all server end, user end and maintenance and edit tools;

 

  (2) the resources used for designing the game and used in the game, including but not limited to the picture, sound, animation, data scheme form, design description document, manual, game script, data base scheme script and default data, the list and detailed description of source code and game system framework.

Acceptance Criteria

 

  (1) it is able to edit automatically all executable documents, based documents and dynamic in accordance with the described documents;

 

  (2) it is able to set up the game server terminal and allow the user to connect into the game automatically in accordance with the description documents;

 

  (3) it is able to use the self-editing tool to modify and maintain the game data in accordance with the description documents.

 

2. Second Delivery

Purpose: Start of Internal Test

Time:    *

Delivered Content:

 

  (1) the complete source code of all the server end, user end and maintenance and edit tool;

 

  (2) the resources used for designing the game and used in the game, including but not limited to the picture, sound, animation, data scheme form, design description document, manual, game script, data base scheme script and default data, the list and detailed description of the source code, and game system framework.

Acceptance Criteria

 

  (1) it is able to edit automatically all executable documents, based documents and dynamic in accordance with the description documents;

 

  (2) it is able to set up the game server terminal and allow the user to connect into the game automatically in accordance with the description documents;

 

  (3) it is able to use the self-editing tool to modify and maintain the game data in accordance with the description documents;

 

  (4) all servers could edit and operate on the Linux system.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

3. Third Delivery

Purpose: Start of Internal Test

Time:    *

Delivered Content:

 

  (1) the complete source code of all server end, user end and maintenance and edit tool;

 

  (2) the resources used for designing the game and used in the game, including but not limited to the picture, sound, animation, data scheme form, design description document, manual, game script, data base scheme script and default data, the list and detailed description of source code and game system framework.

Acceptance Criteria

 

  (1) it is able to edit automatically all executable documents, based documents and dynamic in accordance with the description documents;

 

  (2) it is able to set up the game server terminal and allow the user to connect into the game automatically in accordance with the description documents;

 

  (3) it is able to use the self-editing tool to modify and maintain the game data in accordance with the description documents;

 

  (4) all servers could edit and operate on the Linux system.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.

Exhibit 10.30

Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

English Translation

Computer Online Game Software Adaptation License Agreement

Works: Tian Long Ba Bu

Copyright Owner: Louis Cha

Adaptation Licensor: Louis Cha

Address:     *

(Tel:    *     , Fax:    *     )

Adaptation Licensee: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Address: F 2-5, East Wing of Jingyan Hotel, No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Beijing

(Tel: 0101-62726666, Fax: 010-62702951)

The Licensor, Louis Cha as Party A, intends to license the adaptation right for developing the computer online game software (“Adapted Software”) based on the Works (“Works”) pursuant to the term and provision hereunder, and the production right to publish such Adapted Software worldwide excluding Japan to Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. as Party B:

 

1. The adaptation right of computer online game indicated in the agreement between Party A and Party B means the right to adapt the Works, based on the story, the names of characters and martial arts, into the computer online game software for Internet users and the right to publish such Adapted Software. Meanwhile, Party B has the right to use such Adapted Software for media promotion, including but not limited to print media, network media, television media and so on. However, the license hereunder shall not conflict with Party A’s exclusive license outside of mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan).

 

2. The term (“Term”) of which Party B obtains the exclusive adaptation right in mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) shall start from * to * . Party B has the right to translate the Adapted Software into various versions, such as English, Korean and traditional Chinese versions. If Party B translates the completed Adapted Software from the simplified Chinese version into other languages, Party B shall notify Party A in writing and the Term can be extended for one year to prepare for publication. However, whether Party B translates the Adapted Software into one or more languages, this Agreement can only be extended for one year.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

3. Party A shall guarantee the right to license the adaptation right of the Works. Other than the guarantee made in this Clause, Party A does not make any other guarantees related to the Works and this Agreement.

 

4. In consideration of the license under Article 1 to Article 3 hereunder, Party B agrees to pay Party A the license fee in the amount of HK$        *         and such fee has been paid by Party A’s affiliate, Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. The tax payable by Party A shall be withheld by Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd and the original certificate of withholding tax shall be provided to Party A. The Parties hereby agree that Party B no longer has the obligation to pay the aforementioned license fee.

 

5. Party B shall not transfer the adaptation right to any third party but can authorize the third party to implement the publication right.

 

6. Within the effective term of this Agreement, Party A could license to Party B the right to produce accessory products for selling based on the developed pattern and model of the Adapted Software, such as character’s toy, cloth, stationery and so on to the extent of the Adapted Software, excluding mobile games. After the effective term of this Agreement, Party B shall not continue producing the accessory products, but the accessory products already produced can continue to be sold.

 

7. If Party B cannot complete the adaptation of the Works within the Term, this Agreement would become invalid automatically and Party B shall not adapt the Works or produce, or continue adapting and producing it into a computer online game software after the Agreement becomes invalid. The license fee already paid by Party B shall belong to Party A and will not be paid back to Party B.

 

8. The Adapted Software completed within the Term could continue to operate and be maintained. No upgraded version can be made after the Term. As for the accessory products already produced under Article 6 of this Agreement and any completed Adapted Software within the Term, the publication rights and sale rights shall belong to Party B and will not be limited by the Term.

 

9. Party B shall indicate prominently that the author of the Works is Louis Cha on the publication cover at the beginning of each set of Adapted Software in mainland China and on the package cover of the Adapted Software sold. Party B shall indicate the following copyright announcement:

“This computer online game software is adapted by Tian Long Ba Bu of Louis Cha. Louis Cha owns all the copyright for Tian Long Ba Bu and any infringement is forbidden.” (The copyright of computer online game software shall belong to Party B)

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

10. Party B shall ensure that the software is in compliance with the noble-minded and moral standard and shall protect the Works’ public reputation. Party B shall provide the beginning of the Adapted Software and the scene using the name of the Works for Party A’s review. The Adapted Software can only be sold upon the approval of Party A.

 

11. The adapted computer online game software completed in various languages and its various accessory products shall be provided to Party A in two sets of each, free of charge, for its record.

 

12. Party B acknowledges and understands, before or after the execution of this Agreement, Party A may have licensed the adaptation right of the computer online game software, publication right, or similar rights (unless otherwise provided in Article 2) to a third party. Party A would not be liable to indemnify Party B for any damages or losses.

 

13. Party B acknowledges and understands that Party A has entered an agreement to license the exclusive adaptation right of Tian Long Ba Bu into computer game player (network) software in Taiwan with Chinesegamer International Corp. Party A has also entered into an agreement to license the exclusive adaptation right of Tian Long Ba Bu into computer game player (network) software in Japan to Japan Dentsu Inc. Party B agrees not to claim any indemnification against Party A for any effect caused by the above agreements.

 

14. The time limitation in this Agreement shall be an integral part of this Agreement.

 

15. This Agreement is made and executed in accordance with the laws of the People’s Republic of China and any dispute arising out of this Agreement shall be settled in the People’s Court in Haidian District of Beijing. The judgment shall be binding upon the Parties.

 

16. This Agreement is made in three original copies. Party A holds one original copy and Party B holds two original copy. Upon the execution by both Parties, this Agreement would take effect.

(No Text Below)


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

Licensor: Louis Cha

/s/ Louis Cha

Date: February 4, 2008

Licensee: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

(SEAL)


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

English Translation

NOTICE OF

TRANSLATION OF TIAN LONG BA BU INTO FOREIGN LANGUAGES

Dear Mr. Louis Cha and Ms. Nai Shan Lee:

Reference is hereby made to the Computer Online Game Software Adaptation License Agreement dated May 9, 2005 (Contract No. SOHU20051358) by and between Sohu and Mr. Louis Cha. Section 2 of the agreement provides:

“The term (“Term”) of which Party B obtains the license of the adaptation right in mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) shall be * years starting from *, and ending on * . Party B shall have the right to translate the adapted software into English, Korean and Traditional Chinese versions. If Party B translates the completed simplified Chinese version of the adapted software into other languages, Party B shall notify Party A in writing and the Term will be extended for one (1) year in preparation for the launch. Notwithstanding the foregoing, regardless of whether Party B translates the adapted software into one or more foreign languages, the Term of this Agreement can only be extended for one (1) year.”

We (Party B) will start translating the game software of Tian Long Ba Bu into traditional Chinese, Korean and Vietnamese versions; and, therefore, please be notified that this Agreement between the parties shall automatically be extended to *.

 

Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co. Ltd.
(Corporate Seal)
April 12, 2007

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

English Translation

[EMAIL CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN DEWEN CHEN AND LEGAL COUNSEL

FOR LOUIS CHA]

Sender: Dewen Chen

Date: August 26, 2008, 9:56

Recipient: Peggy

Subject: Re:   Renewal of the Computer Online Game Software Adaptation License Agreement with respect to the work Tian Long Ba Bu

Hi Peggy,

Based upon the Computer Online Game Software Adaption License Agreement between Company and Mr. Louis Cha and the written notice we sent you on April 12, 2007, the term of which we have obtained the exclusive adaption right in mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) with respect to the work Tian Long Ba Bu is from * to *. It is our understanding that both parties have enjoyed our good collaboration and you are satisfied with our performance of the agreement; and based on our recent discussion, please find attached a renewal agreement for your signature. According to this renewal agreement, the term of our exclusive license of the adaption right in mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) with respect to the work Tian Long Ba Bu will be extended to *.

The agreement attached to this email has reflected the comments you recently emailed us, with your suggested changes highlighted in red. Please review.

Sincerely,

David Chen

Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd

August 26, 2008

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.

Exhibit 10.31

Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

English Translation

Computer Online Game Software Adaptation License Agreement

Works: Duke of Mount Deer

Copyright Owner: Louis Cha

Adaptation Licensor: Louis Cha

Address:    *

(Tel:    *    , Fax:    *    )

Adaptation Licensee: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Address: F 2-5, East Wing of Jingyan Hotel, No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Beijing

(Tel: 0101-62726666, Fax: 010-62702951)

The Licensor, Louis Cha as Party A, intends to license the adaptation right for developing the computer online game software (“Adapted Software”) based on the Works (“Works”) pursuant to the term and provision hereunder, and the production right to publish such Adapted Software worldwide excluding Taiwan and Japan to Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. as Party B:

 

1. The adaptation right of the computer online game indicated in the agreement between Party A and Party B means the right to adapt the Works, based on the story, the names of characters and martial arts, into the computer online game software for Internet users and the right to publish such Adapted Software. Meanwhile, Party B has the right to use such Adapted Software for media promotion, including but not limited to print media, network media, television media and so on. However, the license hereunder shall not conflict with Party A’s exclusive license outside of mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan).

 

2. The term (“Term”) of which Party B obtains the exclusive adaptation right in mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) shall start from * to * . Party B has the right to translate the Adapted Software into various versions, such as English, Korean and traditional Chinese versions. If Party B translates the completed Adapted Software from the simplified Chinese version into other languages, Party B shall notify Party A in writing and the Term can be extended for one year to prepare for the publication. However, whether Party B translates the Adapted Software into one or more languages, this Agreement can only be extended for one year for non-exclusive publication.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

3. Party A shall guarantee the right to license the adaptation right of the Works. Other than the guarantees made in this Clause, Party A does not make any other guarantees related to the Works and this Agreement.

 

4. In consideration of the license under Article 1 to Article 3 hereunder, Party B agrees to pay Party A the license fee in the amount of    *    and such fee has been paid by Party A’s affiliate, Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. The tax payable by Party A shall be withheld by Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd and the original certificate of withholding tax shall be provided to Party A. The Parties hereby agree that Party B no longer has the obligation to pay the aforementioned license fee.

 

5. Party B shall not transfer the adaptation right to any third party but can authorize the third party to implement the publication right.

 

6. Within the effective term of this Agreement, Party A could license to Party B the right to produce the accessory products for selling based on the developed pattern and model of the Adapted Software, such as character’s toy, cloth, stationery and so on to the extent of the Adapted Software, excluding mobile games. After the effective term of this Agreement, Party B shall not continue producing the accessory products, but the accessory products already produced can continue to be sold.

 

7. If Party B cannot complete the adaptation of the Works within the Term, this Agreement would become invalid automatically, and Party B shall not adapt the Works or produce, or continue adapting and producing it into a computer online game software after the Agreement becomes invalid. The license fee already paid by Party B shall belong to Party A and will not be paid back to Party B.

 

8. The Adapted Software completed within the Term can continue to operate and be maintained. No upgraded version can be made after the Term. As for the accessory products already produced under Article 6 of this Agreement and any completed Adapted Software within the Term, the publication rights and sale rights shall belong to Party B and will not be limited by the Term.

 

9. Party B shall indicate prominently that the author of the Works is Louis Cha on the publication cover at the beginning of each set of Adapted Software in mainland China and on the package cover of the Adapted Software sold. Party B shall indicate the following copyright announcement:

“This computer online game software is adapted by the Duke of Mount Deer of Louis Cha. Louis Cha owns all the copyright for the Duke of Mount Deer and any infringement is forbidden.” (The copyright of computer online game software shall belong to Party B)

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

10. Party B shall ensure that the software in compliance with the noble-minded and moral standard and shall protect the Works’ public reputation. Party B shall provide the beginning of the Adapted Software and the scene using the name of the Works for Party A’s review. The Adapted Software can only be sold upon the approval of Party A.

 

11. The adapted computer online game software completed in various languages and its various accessory products shall be provided to Party A in two sets of each, free of charge, for its record.

 

12. Party B acknowledges and understands, before or after the execution of this Agreement, Party A may have licensed the adaptation right of the computer online game software, publication right, or similar rights (unless otherwise provided in Article 2) to a third party. Party A will not be liable to indemnify Party B for any damages or losses.

 

13. Party B acknowledges and understands that Party A has entered into an agreement with Japan Dentsu Inc. and an online game software to license the exclusive right to develop online game software based on the Jin Yong Works, and such software can be exclusively developed and published in Japan and non-exclusively published in China, Hong Kong and Taiwan, and exclusively produced and published in other regions. The Works is also included in the Jin Yong Works. Party B agrees not to claim any indemnification against Party A for any effect caused by the above agreements.

 

14. The time limitation in this Agreement shall be an integral part of this Agreement.

 

15. This Agreement is made and executed in accordance with the laws of the People’s Republic of China and any dispute arising out of this Agreement shall be settled in the People’s Court in Haidian District of Beijing. The judgment shall be binding upon the Parties.

 

16. This Agreement is made in three original copies. Party A holds one original copy and Party B holds two original copy. Upon the execution by both Parties, this Agreement would take effect.

(No Text Below)


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

Licensor: Louis Cha

/s/ Louis Cha

(Signature)

Date: February 4, 2008

Licensee: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

(SEAL)

Exhibit 10.32

Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

English Translation

Computer Online Game Software Adaptation License Agreement

Works: Tian Long Ba Bu

Copyright Owner: Louis Cha

Adaptation Licensor: Louis Cha

Address:    *

(Tel:    *    , Fax:    *    )

Adaptation Licensee: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Address: F 2-5, East Wing of Jingyan Hotel, No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Beijing

(Tel: 0101-62726666, Fax: 010-62702951)

The Licensor, Louis Cha as Party A, intends to license the adaptation right for developing the computer online game software (“Adapted Software”) based on the Works (“Works”) pursuant to the term and provision hereunder, and the production right to publish such Adapted Software worldwide excluding Japan, to Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd. as Party B:

 

1. The adaptation right of computer online game indicated in the agreement between Party A and Party B means the right to adapt the Works, based on the story, the names of characters and martial arts, into the computer online game software for Internet users and the right to publish such Adapted Software. Meanwhile, Party B has the right to use such Adapted Software for media promotion, including but not limited to print media, network media, television media and so on. However, the license hereunder shall not conflict with Party A’s exclusive license outside of mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan).

 

2. The term (“Term”) of which Party B obtains the exclusive adaptation right in mainland China (excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) shall be    *    years starting from    *    and ending on    *    . Party B has the right to translate the Adapted Software into the English, Korean and/or traditional Chinese versions. If Party B translates the completed Adapted Software from the simplified Chinese version into other languages, Party B shall notify Party A in writing and the Term can be extended for one year to prepare for publication. However, whether Party B translates the Adapted Software into one or more languages, this Agreement can only be extended for one year ending on    *    .

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

3. Party A shall guarantee the right to license the adaptation right of the Works. Other than the guarantee made in this Clause, Party A does not make any other guarantees related to the Works and this Agreement.

 

4. In consideration of the license under Article 1 to Article 3 hereunder, Party B agrees to pay Party A a license fee in the amount of    *    .

 

5. Party B shall not transfer the adaptation right to any third party but can authorize the third party to implement the publication right.

 

6. The license fee contemplated by Article 4 shall be paid in full within 14 days following the execution date of this Agreement, or this Agreement shall be void. Party A will issue a valid invoice to Party B evidencing Party A’s receipt of such payment.

The license fee shall be paid to the following bank account:

Name of Account Holder:    Louis Cha

Account Number:    *

Bank Name:    *

Address:    *

 

7. Party B’s failure to pay the license fee hereunder will render this Agreement void. If and after this Agreement is so voided, Party B shall not adapt and publish the Works, or continue to develop or publish any computer online game software based on the Works. The termination of this Agreement contemplated hereby shall not affect any rights of Party A which may have accrued up to the date such Agreement was voided.

 

8. Within the effective term of this Agreement, Party A licenses to Party B the right to produce accessory products for selling based on the developed pattern and model of the Adapted Software, such as character’s toy, cloth, stationery and so on to the extent of the Adapted Software, excluding mobile games. After the effective term of this Agreement, Party B shall not continue producing the accessory products, but the accessory products already produced can continue to be sold.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

If Party B cannot complete the adaptation of the Works within the Term, this Agreement would expire automatically and Party B shall not adapt the Works or produce, or continue adapting and producing it into a computer online game software after the Agreement expired. The license fee already paid by Party B shall belong to Party A and will not be paid back to Party B.

 

9. The Adapted Software completed within the Term could continue to operate and be maintained. No upgraded version can be made after the Term. As for the accessory products already produced under Article 8 of this Agreement and any completed Adapted Software developed within the Term, the publication rights and sale rights shall belong to Party B and will not be limited by the Term.

 

10. Party B shall indicate prominently that the author of the Works is Louis Cha on the publication cover at the beginning of each set of Adapted Software in mainland China and on the package cover of the Adapted Software sold. Party B shall indicate the following copyright announcement:

“This computer online game software is adapted from Tian Long Ba Bu of Messr. Louis Cha. Messr. Louis Cha owns all the copyright rights in Tian Long Ba Bu and any infringement is forbidden.” (The copyright of computer online game software shall belong to Party B)

 

11. Party B shall ensure that the software is in compliance with the noble-minded and moral standard and shall protect the Works’ public reputation. Party B shall provide the beginning of the Adapted Software and the scene using the name of the Works for Party A’s review. The Adapted Software can only be sold upon the approval of Party A.

 

12. The adapted computer online game software completed in various languages and its various accessory products shall be provided to Party A in two sets of each, free of charge, for its record.

 

13. Party B will withhold all income taxes with respect to the license fee payable to Party A hereunder. Party A’s Income Tax amount = HK$    *    x    *    % x 20% = HK$    *    .

 

14. Party B acknowledges and understands, before or after the execution of this Agreement, Party A may have licensed the adaptation right of the computer online game software, publication right, or similar rights (unless otherwise provided in Article 2) to a third party. Party A would not be liable to indemnify Party B for any damages or losses.

The symbol ‘*’ in this exhibit indicates places where information has been omitted pursuant to a request for confidential treatment and filed separately with the SEC.


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

15. Party B acknowledges and understands that Party A has entered an agreement to license the exclusive adaptation right of Tian Long Ba Bu into computer game player (network) software in Taiwan with Chinesegamer International Corp. Party A has also entered into an agreement to license the exclusive adaptation right of Tian Long Ba Bu into computer game player (network) software in Japan to Japan Dentsu Inc. Party B agrees not to claim any indemnification against Party A for any effect caused by the above agreements.

 

16. The time limitation in this Agreement shall be an integral part of this Agreement.

 

17. This Agreement is made and executed in accordance with the laws of the People’s Republic of China and any dispute arising out of this Agreement shall be settled in the People’s Court in Haidian District of Beijing. The judgment shall be binding upon the Parties.

 

18. This Agreement is made in three original copies. Party A holds one original copy and Party B holds two original copy. Upon the execution by both Parties, this Agreement would take effect.

(No Text Below)


Confidential Treatment Requested. Confidential portions of this document have been redacted and

have been separately filed with the SEC.

 

Licensor: Louis Cha     Witness:
(Signature)    

/s/ Louis Cha

   

 

Date: September 9, 2008    
Licensee: Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.     Witness:
(SEAL)    
Legal Represenative:    

/s/ Wang Tao

   

/s/ Wang Yan

Date:    

Exhibit 10.33

LEASE CONTRACT

BETWEEN

BEIJING JINGYAN HOTEL CO., LTD.

AND

BEIJING AMAZGAME AGE

INTERNET TECHNOLOGY CO., LTD.

 

 

Contract No.: 07-ES-0579

 

 


English Translation

 

Table of Contents

 

Article 1    Rent and Other Expenses    6

1.1

   Leased Area    6

1.2

   Lease Term, Rent and Deposit    6
   1.2.1   Lease Term and Rent Free Period    6
   1.2.2   Rent and Deposit    7
   1.2.3   Deliver for Fit-Out    7
   1.2.4   Payment of Rent    7

1.3

   Other Fees    8

1.4

   Damage and Remedy    8
Article 2    Obligations of the Tenant    9

2.1

   Compliance with the Regulations, Detailed Rules, Bylaws, etc. Formulated by the Landlord.    9

2.2

   Fit-Out Construction Work    9
   2.2.1   Repair    9
   2.2.2   Interior Fit-Out Construction Work    9

2.3

   Repair of Electrical System, Network, Communication Equipment, Pipeline and Wiring    9

2.4

   Restrictions on Landlord’s Enter Into and Exit From the Leased Area    10

2.5

   Notification to Landlord of Damages to Facilities    10

2.6

   Notification of Repair    10

2.7

   Cleaning Work Contractor    11

2.8

   Connection Points of System and Pipeline    11

2.9

   Disposal of Waste and Rubbish    11

2.10

   Entrance and Exit and Elevator    11

2.11

   Outdoor Signboard    11

2.12

   Return of Leased Premises    12
Article 3    Obligations of Landlord    12

3.1

   Delivery of Leased Area    12
   3.1.1   Electricity Construction    12
   3.1.2   Air Conditioning System    13
   3.1.3   Fire Fighting System    13
   3.1.4   Network and Communication System    13
   3.1.5   Naming    14

3.2

   Safe and Quiet Enjoyment    14

3.3

   Title    14

3.4

   Roof and Main Structure    14


English Translation

 

 

3.5

   Decoration    14

3.6

   Public Facilities    15

3.7

   Notification of Repair    15

3.8

   Cleaning of Bathroom    15

3.9

   Security    15

3.10

   Parking Space    15

3.11

   Property Management    16

3.12

   Mortgage, Sale and Transfer    16

3.13

   Advertisement    16

3.14

   Guaranty    16
Article 4    Restrictions and Prohibitions    16

4.1

   Installation and Modification    16
   4.1.1      17
   4.1.2      17
   4.1.3      17

4.2

   Damages to Public Area    17

4.3

   Interruption or Disturbance    18

4.4

   Noise    18

4.5

   Signboard    18
   4.5.1      18
   4.5.2      18

4.6

   Purpose of Use    18

4.7

   Illegal or Immoral Use    18

4.8

   Explosive Materials    19

4.9

   Wash Equipment    19

4.10

   Blocking the Corridor    19

4.11

   Wiring in Public Area    19

4.12

   Pest Infestation    19

4.13

   Sub-Lease, Assignment of Lease and Transfer of Rights    20

4.14

   Breach of Insurance Policy    20

4.15

   Aerial    20

4.16

   Parking    20

4.17

   Use of Name of Property of Leased Area    21

4.18

   No Smoking    21

4.19

   Security    21
Article 5    Exceptions    21

5.1

   Electricity and Water Supply    21

5.2

   Elevator, Air Conditioning and Others    21


English Translation

 

 

5.3

   Fire, Flood or Pest Infestation    22

5.4

   Safety    22

5.5

   Non-compliance with Laws    22

Article 6

   Breach of Contract and Termination    22

6.1

   Breach of Contract    22

6.2

   Act of Contractor, Employee and Agent    23

6.3

   Deduction of Deposit    23

6.4

   Interests    23

6.5

   Termination    23

6.6

   Liabilities    23

6.7

   Right to Terminate    24
   6.7.1      24
   6.7.2      24
   6.7.3      24
   6.7.4      24

Article 7

   Deposit    24

7.1

   Deposit    24

7.2

   Increase of Deposit    25

7.3

   Return of Deposit    25

Article 8

   Rules    25

8.1

   Introduction of Rules    25

8.2

   Conflicts    25

Article 9

   Representations and Warranties of the Parties    26

9.1

      26

9.2

      26

9.3

      26

9.4

      26

9.5

      26

9.6

      26

Article 10

   Miscellaneous    27

10.1

   Force Majeure    27
   10.1.1      27
   10.1.2      27

10.2

   Surviving Terms    27

10.3

   Payment of Rent during Special Periods    28

10.4

   Confidentiality    28
   10.4.1      28
   10.4.2      28


English Translation

 

 

10.5

   Amendment to and Modification of this Contract    28

10.6

   Severability    29

10.7

   Language    29

10.8

   Waiver    29

10.9

   Notice    29
   10.9.1      29
   10.9.2      29
   10.9.3      29
   10.9.4      30

10.10

   Notes on Margins, Headings and Index    30

10.11

   Name of Property of Leased Area    30

10.12

   Business Licence    30
Article 11    Dispute Resolution    30

11.1

   Resolution of Contract Dispute    30

11.2

   Resolution of Matters Not Provided    31
Article 12    Effectiveness of Agreement    31
   12.1      31
   12.2      31
   12.3      31


English Translation

 

 

Lease Contract

Landlord: Beijing Jingyan Hotel Co., Ltd.

Tenant: Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

Article 1 Rent and Other Expenses

 

1.1 Leased Area

The leased area is 4927 square meters in total according to the construction area indicated by the Layout Plan of the Floor 2 to Floor 5 provided by the Landlord, including the area of the elevator etc. Upon the completion of all construction, the leased area shall be the actual measured area determined by the party carrying out the measuring which is jointly designated by the Landlord and Tenant based on the foregoing principles. The costs of the actual measurement shall be borne collectively by the Parties.

During the lease term, the Landlord shall provide the Tenant with the right to use the basement of around 200 square meters and the roof park at the 5 th floor of the East Wing Building, free of charge. The actual use shall comply with the Tenant’s reasonable requirements.

 

1.2 Lease Term, Rent and Deposit

 

1.2.1 Lease Term and Rent Free Period

The lease term under this Contract is five (5) years in total, starting from October 15, 2007 and ending on October 14, 2012. During the lease term of five (5) years, the Tenant may enjoy the rent free period which is aggregately eight (8) months. The specific rent free periods are as follows:

The rent free period is three (3) months for the first year, from January 1, 2008 to March 31, 2008;

The rent free period is two (2) months for the second year, from October 1, 2008 to November 30, 2008;

The rent free period is one (1) month for the third year, from October 1, 2009 to October 31, 2009;

The rent free period is one (1) month for the fourth year, from October 1, 2010 to October 31, 2010; and


English Translation

 

 

The rent free period is one (1) month for the fifth year, from October 1, 2011 to October 31, 2011.

 

1.2.2 Rent and Deposit

The daily rent (inclusive of the property management fee): RMB 2.6 per square meter (leased area)

The sum equivalent to three (3) month’s rent shall be paid as the deposit for the lease within five (5) working days of the execution of this Contract, which sum amounts to RMB 1,200,000 (RMB one million and two hundred thousand only). The Provisions with respect to the usage of the deposit etc. are detailed in Article 7, Deposit of this Contract.

 

1.2.3 Deliver for Fit-Out

If the Landlord can deliver the entire leased area to the Tenant for fit-out before October 15, 2007, and open at least 80% area of the property where the leased area is located to the Tenant for early wiring before October 10, 2007, then the Tenant will pay the rent on a daily basis according to the number of days of the earlier delivery by the Landlord. The detailed conditions for starting on site shall be as per the conditions for starting on site specified in Annexure 1 to this Contract.

If the Landlord fails to deliver the entire leased area to the Tenant for fit-out before October 15, 2007, then the Tenant has the right to deduct the corresponding rent according to the number of days of the delay in delivery.

If the Landlord still fails to deliver the leased area to the Tenant for it to carry out the fit-out work on and after October 31, 2007, then the Tenant has not only the right to deduct the corresponding rent based on the number of days of delay in delivery, but also the right to request the Landlord to pay the liquidated damages according to the number of days of the delay in delivery. The specific method of calculating the liquidated damages is 0.1% of the annual rent under the Contract per day.

 

1.2.4 Payment of Rent

The detailed arrangements for the payment of the rent during the agreed lease term under this Contract are as follows:

 

(1) The rent of three (3) month amounting RMB 1,200,000 (one million and two hundred thousand only) shall be paid in advance within five (5) working days from when the Tenant starts the fit-out work on site, which can be refunded or made up for at the time of the next payment of the rent according to the actual payable amount.


English Translation

 

 

(2) The Tenant will make payment of the rent on the calendar quarter basis and the specific payment schedule is that within the last seven (7) working days of the current quarter, the rent payable for the subsequent quarter shall be paid. If the rent free period falls within the current quarter, then the Tenant may deduct the rent free period at the time of payment of the rent.

 

1.3 Other Fees

The air conditioning fee (calculated based on the leased area): RMB 100 per square meter per year (inclusive of the electricity charges for the central air conditioning equipments). Refer to Article 3.1.2 Air Conditioning System in the clauses regarding the Landlord’s obligations for detailed provisions on the air conditioning. The air conditioning fee shall be paid together with the rent according to the timing of payment of the rent, which is to be refunded or made up for in case of the difference from the actual consumption. The air conditioning fee is to be collected normally during the rent-free period.

Electricity Charge: The Tenant shall pay and settle the electricity charges for the equipment for office use and the equipment installed by the Tenant itself within the leased property which charges are collected by the Landlord as entrusted. The detailed method and place of the payment of such charges (inclusive of the charges for the end blower unit of the air conditioning system) shall be as per the written notifications of the Landlord or the relevant authorities.

Taxes and administrative charges: The Parties shall respectively bear the taxes and administrative charges that are payable respectively by them.

 

1.4 Damage and Remedy

If the whole or any part of the leased property is damaged or the leased area is not suitable for use, as a result of fire, bad weather, force majeure, etc. which is not caused by the behavior or fault of the Tenant (including its employees, agents or visitors, etc.), the Landlord shall carry out remedy work as soon as possible. The Tenant has the right to work out the pro-rated rent for the area affected by the damage, and suspend payment of this portion of the rent until the leased area is remedied and restored to the original.


English Translation

 

 

Article 2 Obligations of the Tenant

Unless otherwise agreed in this Contract, the Tenant agrees to:

 

2.1 Compliance with the Regulations, Detailed Rules, Bylaws, etc. Formulated by the Landlord.

The Tenant must observe and comply with all laws and regulations, rules and requirements of the State, local government and other relevant authorities on the activities of and conducting of businesses within the leased area. The Tenant and its employees can only conduct the allowed activities, behaviors, affairs or dealings allowed to be conducted. In case of violation of these laws and regulations, rules and requirements, the Tenant must compensate the Landlord for its losses resulted therefrom. The Tenant shall notify the Landlord in writing within two (2) working days when it receives any notices with respect to the leased area made by the State, local government or relevant authorities.

 

2.2 Fit-Out Construction Work

 

2.2.1 Repair

The condition of all internal non-structural parts of the leased area, which include the floor, walls and paint on the ceiling, shall be maintained properly in good, clean and tenantable condition. Except for the tear and wear, where the Landlord’s equipment and all ancillary parts including all doors, electric equipment and pipes are damaged due to the negligence of the Tenant, the Tenant shall repair them and maintain them in good, clean and tenantable condition.

 

2.2.2 Interior Fit-Out Construction Work

The Tenant shall be entitled to carry out the interior fit-out to the leased area and its ancillary area at its own cost according to the drawings and plans provided to and approved by the Landlord in advance, and the landlord shall not unreasonably withhold its approval. Without the prior written approval of the Landlord, the Tenant shall not make any structural changes to the approved fit-out drawings and specifications and the design of the interior decoration of the leased area.

 

2.3 Repair of Electrical System, Network, Communication Equipment, Pipeline and Wiring

When the electrical system, network and communication equipment, wiring or pipeline becomes dangerous or unsafe, or the Landlord or relevant public utilities companies reasonably request, the Tenant shall repair or replace the aforementioned equipment, wiring or


English Translation

 

 

pipeline. At the time of repair, the Tenant shall engage the contractor for the repair work with the corresponding qualification. The Tenant shall allow the Landlord or the agents entrusted by it to inspect at reasonable time the wiring or pipeline installed by the Tenant within the leased area. As long as the Landlord proposes the requirement in writing two (2) working days in advance, the Landlord may inspect these devices at the time that the Tenant considers reasonable. If damage occurs to the property of the Landlord due to the failure or improper repair of the electrical system, network, communication equipment, devices, pipeline and wiring, the Tenant shall assume all costs and liabilities arising therefrom.

 

2.4 Restrictions on Landlord’s Enter Into and Exit From the Leased Area

With prior notice (two (2) working days in advance), the Landlord and any of its authorized personnel shall be allowed to enter the leased area at reasonable times to observe the state of the leased area, check and carry out necessary repair and maintenance on the fixed equipment, which shall not be unreasonably refused by the Tenant. However when exercising this right, the Landlord shall use its best endeavours not to cause any interruptions to the Tenant. In case of emergency such as fire or flood, the Landlord and its employees or agents may notify the Tenant by telephone on occasion but shall inform the Tenant in writing of the circumstance thereafter. The Landlord shall not enter the area leased by the Tenant without the Tenant’s permission for any reasons except for the circumstances specified in this Article.

 

2.5 Notification to Landlord of Damages to Facilities

The Tenant shall send a written notice without delay to the Landlord, its employees or its agents of the damages to the leased area and the injury of the personnel, and of the failure or defect in the water pipe, power, network, communication line or device, fixed equipment or other facilities provided by the Landlord.

 

2.6 Notification of Repair

If a notice is received from the Landlord, its employees, its agents or the property management company requiring certain repair work to be carried out, and such work falls in the Tenant’s responsibility, the Tenant shall immediately handle the matter without delay. If the Tenant fails to effectively handle the matter within the reasonable time as required by the Landlord and a significant safety threat occurs, then the Landlord, its employee or the property management company has the right to enter the leased area to undertake the work or carry out the repair, with all additional costs arising therefrom to be paid by the Tenant.


English Translation

 

 

2.7 Cleaning Work Contractor

The Tenant may at its own costs employ the cleaning company to be responsible for the cleaning work within the area leased by it. The work done by such cleaning company must meet the overall property management requirements on the property where the leased area is located.

 

2.8 Connection Points of System and Pipeline

The Landlord is responsible for the construction and installation of the pipeline at the vertical direction of the water, electricity, air conditioning, fire fighting and other systems. The Tenant organises the construction and installation of the subsystems of water, electricity, air conditioning and fire fighting and pipelines at the horizontal direction.

 

2.9 Disposal of Waste and Rubbish

The contractor for cleaning work designated by the Tenant shall be responsible for disposing the waste and rubbish in the area leased by the Tenant and removing the waste and rubbish in the leased area to the location designated by the Landlord. The property management department designated by the Landlord is responsible for the subsequent disposal work.

 

2.10 Entrance and Exit and Elevator

The Tenant may use at its own discretion the entrances and exits and elevators in the leased area which are not connected to the public area. In respect of the entrances, exits and elevators in the public area, if the Tenant intends to use them beyond the business hours, it shall notify the Landlord in advance during the working hours (9:00 am to 6:00 pm Monday to Friday excluding public holidays) unless in emergency situations.

 

2.11 Outdoor Signboard

The Tenant has the right to install its company signboard on the top of the east wing building where the leased area is located provided that it does not conflict with the overall style of the building of the leased area. Tenant shall bear the relevant costs for design, production and installation of the signboard. However, the signboard can be used only for the purpose of advertising the Tenant itself. The Tenant shall provide the plan of the design to the Landlord in advance for its examination and approval. The


English Translation

 

 

Landlord may propose suggestions for modification and improvement, but shall not reject the plan of the design without cause. The Landlord shall be responsible for applying for approvals in respect of all matters related to the installation of the outdoor signboard.

 

2.12 Return of Leased Premises

At the expiration of the lease term or early termination of this Contract, the Tenant shall deliver to the Landlord the leased area which is kept clean, in complete structure and has necessary equipment and pipeline, etc. However, the Tenant is not obligated to restore the leased area to the original state. The Tenant shall deliver to the Landlord the keys to each part of the leased area. The pipeline network, wiring and fit-out and decoration (except the removable parts) shall be delivered to the Landlord together with the leased premises without being destroyed in bad faith.

Article 3 Obligations of Landlord

The Landlord agrees to the following unless otherwise agreed in this Contract:

 

3.1 Delivery of Leased Area

 

3.1.1 Electricity Construction

The Landlord shall ensure that the leased area can provide the double-route electricity supply for commercial and daily office use, and ensure the continuous and stable power supply by the electrical equipment according to the Tenant’s requirements on the capacity and safety of the electrical equipment.

During the period from the time of the Tenant’s check-in until January 31, 2008, the Landlord shall ensure that the Tenant’s demand for the electricity supply for office purpose and for the server and other equipment will be satisfied, and the Landlord shall provide services to secure the electricity for living purpose (e.g. for drinkable boiled water). By February 1, 2008, the Landlord shall have completed the construction for the expansion of the electricity capacity, and ensures that the electricity supply exclusively used by the Tenant shall reach 625 KW. By April 1, 2008, on the basis that the electricity supply capacity of 625KW is guaranteed, in order to accommodate the Tenant’s continuously increasing demand for the VRV electricity consumption, the Landlord shall satisfy the Tenant’s demand for the increased capacity according to the maximum electricity consumption of 850 KW as verified by the Tenant. If the Tenant’s actual peak consumption of electricity in full capacity is lower than 680 KW (i.e. the maximum electricity consumption 850 KW x 80%), the Tenant is required to assume the costs invested by the Landlord in the expansion of the electricity capacity for the Tenant’s interest.


English Translation

 

 

3.1.2 Air Conditioning System

The Landlord undertakes to specifically ensure the temperature at the outlet of the air conditioner between 20°C - 22°C, provided that the Tenant pays the air conditioning fee on time. The Landlord undertakes to provide air conditioning during the whole year at the time when the Tenant needs the air conditioning except when the Tenant does not use the air conditioning. In the meanwhile, the Tenant shall, based on the principle of no waste, use its best endeavours to save energy provided that the basic environmental temperature for the operation is secured. Detailed provisions may be separately negotiated and agreed in case of the special need for the use of air conditioning in some parts of the leased area.

The Landlord shall, according to the Tenant’s requirements which are in accordance with the overall design of the air conditioning system, install new air conditioning units on the 6 th floor of the leased property, and reserve the matching connection points for the equipment and pipeline of the air conditioning system, the installation of which will be organised by the Tenant independently, and in particular reserve the space for installation of VRV on the top floor of the premises over the air conditioning plant room of the Tenant. The Landlord will satisfy the requirement proposed by the Tenant of the maximum load of 250 kg per square meter of the floor of the story.

 

3.1.3 Fire Fighting System

The Landlord shall provide in the leased area the general fire fighting and security systems conforming to the requirements of the laws and regulations of the State, and provide the daily maintenance and matching connection points for the fire fighting and security equipment installed or furnished in the leased are and the ancillary area by the Tenant independently. The Tenant shall build within the leased area including but not limited to the evacuation route, fire fighting equipment, and alarm system.

 

3.1.4 Network and Communication System

The Landlord shall ensure at least two network operation connections available in the leased area. The Tenant may at its discretion select the network to be connected into the leased area. The Landlord shall facilitate and assist with respect to the connection, use and repair of the Tenant’s network.


English Translation

 

 

3.1.5 Naming

The Tenant has the naming right with respect to the property where the leased area is located, i.e. to combine the original name of the property and the name of the Tenant into a new name. The exact name shall be as finally proposed by the Tenant in writing and confirmed with the Landlord. The Landlord shall assist the Tenant in carrying out the necessary name filing formalities.

 

3.2 Safe and Quiet Enjoyment

The Tenant shall enjoy the leased area in a quiet and safe manner during the lease term and have no interruptions from the Landlord, the visitor of the Landlord and the various service providers designated by the Landlord, or claims by any party on the leased area. The Landlord shall take measures to make the office area isolated from the commercial area to as much as it possibly can (except the public area) so that the Tenant may conduct business in a quiet and safe manner. The Tenant and its staff shall, as much as they possibly can, enter and leave the leased area through the corridor of the leased area and shall not, to the extent as far as possible, interrupt the commercial use of the areas outside the leased area by the Landlord.

 

3.3 Title

The Landlord shall ensure that it has the lawful right to the property where the leased area is located in, including but not limited to rights to possess, use and dispose the property and to receive incomes arising from the property. The Landlord shall, at the time of entering into this Contract, present the title certificate documents to the Tenant and provide corresponding photocopies to be annexed to the Contract. Refer to Annexure 2 for details.

 

3.4 Roof and Main Structure

The Landlord shall maintain in good and tenantable condition the roof, main structure, window, wall surface and electricity supply, main lighting system, sewer and cable of the leased area, as well as other parts of the leased area that are beyond the Tenant’s responsibilities.

 

3.5 Decoration

The Landlord may fit the public area of the property where the leased area is located with all necessary decorations as and when the Landlord considers this necessary, provided that such decorations shall not affect the Landlord’s normal use and are approved by the Landlord in advance.


English Translation

 

 

3.6 Public Facilities

During the term of the Tenant’s lease, the Landlord shall ensure that all elevators, fire fighting and security facilities, air conditioning equipments and other equipments within the property of the leased area maintain normal operating, and upon the Tenant’s notification for repair, respond within 2 hours at the latest and secure resumed normal operation within 8 hours at the latest.

 

3.7 Notification of Repair

If the Landlord receives the notice from the Tenant or its authorized representative requesting certain repair work, and such work is the responsibility of the Landlord, the Landlord shall immediately deal with it without delay. If the Landlord fails to effectively handle the matter with the reasonable time limit as required by the Tenant (not exceeding twenty-four (24) hours), then the Tenant, its employees or agents has the right to deal with the matter by themselves and carry out this work or repair. The Landlord shall pay all costs arising therefrom and make compensation to the Tenant for its losses caused therefrom.

 

3.8 Cleaning of Bathroom

The Landlord shall maintain the bathrooms in a clean condition where the leased area is located, and guarantee a supply of warm water supply for the purpose hand washing and the necessary hygiene items including but not limited to liquid hand wash and toilet paper in the bathrooms.

 

3.9 Security

The Landlord shall furnish the property where the leased area is located in with security guards and equipment. If the Tenant, its employees or other visitors suffer personal injury, death or property losses due to the security guards’ negligence of duty or insufficient number of security guards, it shall be deemed as the Landlord’s responsibility and the Landlord assumes all liabilities for compensation.

 

3.10 Parking Space

When the Landlord delivers the leased property to the Tenant for its use, the Landlord shall provide five (5) parking spaces located at the north west corner of the property free of charge and forty (40) parking spaces located at the north east corner of the property for charges with the unit price to be separately agreed to by the Parties according to the market price.


English Translation

 

 

The Landlord will thereafter gradually increase the parking space supply according to the actual needs of the Tenant.

 

3.11 Property Management

The Landlord may engage Zeyang property management company to assist in property management. The Landlord shall assume all liabilities for the third party property services.

 

3.12 Mortgage, Sale and Transfer

The Landlord has the right to mortgage, sell or transfer the building including the leased property and the use right to the land it occupies but shall guarantee that the Tenant’s rights and interest under this Contract shall not be harmed and that the Tenant has right of first refusal to purchase.

 

3.13 Advertisement

Upon the Tenant’s prior permission in writing, the Landlord has the right to use the Tenant’s name and trademark in the hotel marketing materials in the written form in the market activities carried out by the Landlord at its discretion during the lease term of this Contract, provided that such use shall be confined to the real estate brochure, report, promotion, and advertisement materials, publicity and promotion through Internet, etc.

 

3.14 Guaranty

The Landlord guarantees that where, in specific circumstances agreed to in this Contract, its employees or its agents enter the Tenant’s lease area without written notification of the Tenant, it is responsible for ensuring the performance of duties to the reasonable extent, and if the acts of the Landlord, its employees or its agents cause property losses to the Tenant, it will be liable for compensation.

Article 4 Restrictions and Prohibitions

Unless otherwise agreed in this Contract or by the Parties separately, the Tenants and the Landlord agree to the followings:

 

4.1 Installation and Modification


English Translation

 

 

4.1.1

Without the prior written consent of the Landlord which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld with respect to the Tenant’s reasonable request (the Landlord shall grant written consent within five (5) days after the Tenant proposes such request, otherwise it will be deemed that the Landlord has already consented), the Tenant shall not install, or set up or modify any fixed equipment, partition or other facilities. Without such similar consent, the Tenant shall not install any equipment or adjunct on the electrical lines and pipelines, or install or allow installation of any equipment, device or machinery exceeding the originally designed load capacity of the floor, or request addition of electrical system, lines and wiring that are not connected to the Tenant’s electric meter. The Landlord has the right to specify the safety system setting and the maximum weight and the location of other heavy equipments. The Tenant shall satisfy the Landlord’s requirements on the unified schedule of the test work for the water circulation in the water and heating pipelines before November 15.

 

4.1.2

When carrying out the approved fit-out construction, the Tenant shall procure its employees, agents, contractors and workers to fully cooperate with the Landlord and its employees, agents, contractors and workers. The Tenant and its agents, contractors and workers shall comply with and follow the directions and guidance issued by the Landlord’s representative when carrying out this work. The Tenant is responsible for supervision, management and acceptance.

 

4.1.3

In the event that the Tenant carries out the construction of installation of electrical, air conditioning and fire fighting systems and related lines and pipes or pipage in order to satisfy its requirement on use, the Tenant and the Landlord shall consult each other and jointly decide the design and construction plans and implement joint management on the construction schedule. The Landlord shall, as much as it possibly can, provide the site and supports for the construction, and assist the Tenant in reporting for approval and acceptance. The Landlord shall focus on the construction and acceptance of the work for heat insulation on the top floor and waterproof curtain walls and use its best efforts to avoid the safety threat and reconstruction.

 

4.2 Damages to Public Area

The features of the structural decoration and layout, stairs and elevators in the public area of the property where the leased area is located, including the surrounding trees, plants and bush, etc. shall not be damaged, destroyed or ruined.


English Translation

 

 

4.3 Interruption or Disturbance

Neither the Landlord nor the Tenant may engage in or allow any activities that may interrupt or disturb the normal use by the Landlord, Tenant, or other users or tenants within the property where the leased area is located in or cause interruption or disturbance to the adjacent or neighboring users or residents.

 

4.4 Noise

No noise that disturbs people or is unpleasant shall be made in the leased area and no music or voices (including but not limited to the sound generated by the broadcast or any devices or equipment that may produce or reproduce or receive or record sound) that can be heard outside the leased area shall be played or used.

 

4.5 Signboard

 

4.5.1

The Tenant has the right to display its name in English and Chinese on the nameplate of the tenants in the characters, font and place designated by the Landlord. Such characters and font and any installation, addition, modification, repair or replacement shall be the (Tenant’s) responsibility. The Landlord cooperates with the Tenant to properly handle this matter.

 

4.5.2

The Tenant has the right to hang up its name at the entrance of the Tenant in the characters, size and font consented to by the Landlord. If the Tenant does not use its own name but use other party’s name to conduct business, then it shall notify the Landlord of the name in which it conducts business and has the right to display and hang up that name.

 

4.6 Purpose of Use

The Tenant undertakes not to use, or allow others to use, the leased area for other purposes than those specified in this Contract.

 

4.7 Illegal or Immoral Use

The leased area shall not be used for illegal or immoral purposes and no others shall be allowed to do so.


English Translation

 

 

4.8 Explosive Materials

Neither the Landlord nor the Tenant shall store or allow to store explosive, flammable or dangerous materials in the leased area or the property where the lease area is located in. (Including but not limited to any weapon, ammunition, potassium nitrate and kerosene.)

 

4.9 Wash Equipment

Neither the Landlord nor the Tenant shall use the wash equipment supplied by the Landlord in the leased area or in public area of the property where the leased area is located in for the purposes other than its designed purpose. Meanwhile, they shall not leave any materials in the wash facilities. The breaching Party is liable for any damages and all costs arising from the breach of this Article.

 

4.10 Blocking the Corridor

Neither the Landlord nor the Tenant shall block or allow case, waste packaging materials or obstacle of other type or nature to block the entrances and exits, elevators, lobbies or other parts for public use in the property where the leased area is located in. The non-breaching Party has the right to, as it considers appropriate, remove these garbage or other materials, without notifying the breaching Party, with the costs to be paid by the breaching Party.

 

4.11 Wiring in Public Area

Upon deliver for use, without the Tenant’s consent, the Landlord shall not lay, install, add or furnish any cable or other items or articles at the entrance, stairs, platform, corridor, lobby or other public area or connection points of the public facilities in the building.

 

4.12 Pest Infestation

The Landlord shall regularly conduct disinfection and sterilization in the leased area and carry out effective pest control. If the Tenant discovers that the Landlord does not carry out effective pest control, the Tenant has the right to conduct the aforementioned work to the property that it leases, by itself or through the entrusted property management company or other service providers, with the costs to be borne by the Landlord.


English Translation

 

 

4.13 Sub-Lease, Assignment of Lease and Transfer of Rights

On the condition that the standards of rent and other fees remain unchanged, the Tenant may sub-lease or assign to its affiliates the whole or part of the office, warehouse and parking space area that it leases or uses, or the rights and interests in respect of such area. The Tenant shall obtain the Landlord’s prior written consent before the sub-lease and assignment by it. (The Landlord shall not withhold its consent provided that the Tenant undertakes to assume guarantee liabilities for the assignee with respect to the payment of the rent.)

The assignment of the relevant rights shall immediately become effective upon the Tenant’s receipt of the Landlords’ written notice of its consent to the assignment. The assignee shall replace the Tenant to continuously exercise or perform all rights and obligations under this Contract.

 

4.14 Breach of Insurance Policy

The Tenant shall not engage in activities that may cause the valid insurance policies procured by the Landlord for the building against losses or damages arising from fire or other insurable disaster or third party claim to be invalid, voidable or cause the amount of the insurance fee thereunder to be increased, nor shall it allow its employees or agents to engage in such activities. If the Tenant engages in, or allow its employees or agents to engage in, such activities or affairs that may result in the increase of the insurance fee under the insurance policies, then the Landlord has the right to recover the increased amount from the Tenant and take other remedial measures.

 

4.15 Aerial

Upon the Landlord’s consent, the Tenant may install aerial for network and receiving video signals on the roof or wall of the property where the leased area is located in or the ceiling or wall surface of the leased area, provided that the public aerial provided by the Landlord shall not be interrupted, moved, removed or changed.

 

4.16 Parking

The Tenant shall not park the vehicles at the parking spaces allocated by the Landlord to other vehicles, public driveways, entrances and exists for vehicles or other areas designated for loading and unloading, nor shall it allow its employees or agents to do so.


English Translation

 

 

4.17 Use of Name of Property of Leased Area

The Tenant may rename the property of the leased area and publicly use the whole or part of the name, logo and photo (picture) consistent with the naming in order to serve the purpose of the Tenant’s relevant commercial promotion and operation. However, the above naming rights shall not infringe the Landlord’s ownership to the leased property.

 

4.18 No Smoking

Smoking is prohibited in any public area of the property where the leased area is located unless in the area designated by the Landlord.

 

4.19 Security

The Tenant may at its own costs employ security guards to be responsible for the security matters within the area leased by it. The security guards employed by the Tenant shall not wear similar or identical uniform as the security guards or officers of the property where the leased area is located. However, they must wear uniform suitable for their duty and consistent with the overall property management of the property where the leased area is located.

Article 5 Exceptions

The Landlord will not assume any liabilities of the Tenant and any other person for the occurrence of the following circumstances unless it is due to the negligence of the Landlord, its employees or its agents or the Landlord’s visitors.

 

5.1 Electricity and Water Supply

Personal injury or property losses or damages caused to the Tenant, other tenants and other parties by the suspension of the electricity and water supply to the property where the leased area is located in and to the leased area.

 

5.2 Elevator, Air Conditioning and Others

Personal injury, property losses or damages caused to the Tenant or other parties by the suspension of operation of the elevators, fire fighting and safety devices, air conditioning equipments and other equipments of the property where the leased area is located.


English Translation

 

 

5.3 Fire, Flood or Pest Infestation

Water overflow and leakage of any parts of the property of the leased area caused by the fire, flood and other force majeure events, and personal injury or property losses or damages caused to the Tenant, other tenants or other parties by rats or other pests in the property where the leased area is located.

 

5.4 Safety

The safety of the leased area, and the safety of the persons and articles in the leased area.

 

5.5 Non-compliance with Laws

Losses and damages resulting from the Tenant’s or a third party’s non-compliance with the laws and regulations.

Article 6 Breach of Contract and Termination

Unless otherwise agreed in this Contract, the Parties further agrees and states as follows:

 

6.1 Breach of Contract

If the rent, air conditioning fee or other payable fees are not paid fifteen (15) working days after the due date (no matter whether the Landlord has issued a formal written request for payment); if the Landlord fails to comply with or perform the terms of this Contract and any other conditions agreed with the Tenant through negotiation (if any); the Parties’ above rights will not prejudice their rights to take any legal action or conduct any arbitration against the other Party’s breach of contract or failure to comply with or non performance of the any terms and conditions that the Tenant is required to comply with and perform. Notwithstanding the various provisions set forth above and the Parties’ various rights specified in this Contract, the non breaching Party may, as and when it considers necessary, accordingly suspend performance of its contractual obligations in the circumstance where the other Party refuses or threatens to refuse to perform its contractual obligations. The breaching Party shall compensate the non-breaching Party for all the losses caused to it by the breach.


English Translation

 

 

6.2 Act of Contractor, Employee and Agent

With respect to this Contract, any act, fault and negligence of the Tenant of the leased area and the Tenant’ employee shall be deemed as the act, fault and negligence of the Tenant.

With respect to this Contract, any act, fault and negligence of the Landlord of the property of where the leased area is located shall be deemed as the act, fault, carelessness and negligence of the Landlord.

 

6.3 Deduction of Deposit

If the payable rent for the leased area is not paid according to the method and date of payment referred to in this Contract, then this is deemed as a delay in payment of rent and constitutes a ground for deduction of deposit.

 

6.4 Interests

Without prejudice to other rights and remedies of the Landlord in circumstance of breach of contract, if the rent and/or any other fees or any part thereof specified in this Contract is not paid in accordance with the method and timing stipulated in this Contract, the Tenant shall then pay an overdue interest of 0.01% per day. This interest shall be calculated based on the actual number of days of the delay.

 

6.5 Termination

Unless otherwise agreed in this Contract, in the event that either Party is in violation of any Articles of this Contract, if the non breaching Party sends a written notice for cessation of breach of contract according to the communication address and contact person provided by the other Party in advance, and the breaching Party still refuses to respond within thirty (30) days of the receipt of the notice of breach or fails to cease the breach of contract or to make compensation, or the breach has become impossible to be remedied, then the non breaching Party has the right to immediately terminate this Contract and claim against the breaching Party for its liabilities for breach of contract.

 

6.6 Liabilities

Once this Contract is terminated, the breaching Party shall be liable for compensation for all expenses, losses, damages and fees incurred by the non breaching Party as a result of the breach by the breaching Party.


English Translation

 

 

6.7 Right to Terminate

6.7.1

The other Party is not able to perform its obligations for thirty (30) days or more due to force majeur events.

6.7.2

The other Party becomes bankrupt, or subject to bankruptcy receivership, liquidation, dissolution or any similar procedures.

6.7.3

This Contract becomes not practical or not commercially feasible in any material respects as a result of any laws and regulations of, and interference or intervention by the government agencies.

6.7.4

Unless otherwise agreed in this Contract, if the Tenant fails to pay rent and air conditioning fee to the Landlord according to the specified amount and time limit, or fails to pay water, power, etc. charges to the Landlord or the relevant public utilities departments responsible for collection of charges for three months or more after the sums are due, the Landlord has the right to terminate this Contract in addition to its other rights under this Contract. After this Contract is terminated or comes to an end, the Tenant may compensate the Landlord’s losses with the paid deposit or by disposing the facilities and equipment installed by the Tenant in the leased property (must be recognised by the Landlord in writing).

Article 7 Deposit

 

7.1 Deposit

Within 5 working days of the execution of this Contract, the Tenant will pay the amount specified in Article 1.1.2 of this Contract in cash to the Landlord as the deposit, in order to guarantee that the Tenant will comply with and implement the provisions and conditions that it shall comply with and perform. This sum of deposit will be kept by the Landlord on behalf of the Tenant throughout the lease term. If the Tenant breaches any provisions or conditions referred to above, the Landlord has the right to deduct certain amount from the deposit to compensate the losses caused by the Tenant’s breach, violation or non performance of this Contract. If the deposit is not sufficient to make such compensation, the Tenant shall separately make up for the balance. If the Tenant intends to


English Translation

 

 

continue the performance of this Contract, it shall make up for the deducted portion of the deposit within twenty (20) working days. If the Tenant fails to make up for the portion in time, the Landlord has the right to take back the leased property and declare the termination of this Contract, and return the remainder deposit to the Tenant after deducting the relevant fees and economic compensation (if any) owed by the Tenant.

 

7.2 Increase of Deposit

According to the agreement in this Contract, if the rent needs to be increased during the lease term, the Tenant shall pay the increased deposit amount pro rata according to the percentage of the increased rent to the Landlord. Payment of the increased deposit is the precondition for continuous performance of this Contract.

 

7.3 Return of Deposit

The deposit will, after deduction of relevant fees and economic compensation (if any) owed by the Tenant by the Landlord, be returned to the Tenant, within ten (10) days after the Tenant delivers the leased area to the Landlord at the expiration of this Contract or the termination of this Contract due to the force majeure event, or within thirty (30) days of resolving the claims arising from the Tenant’s breach, default or non performance of the various terms and conditions in this Contract which should have been performed by the Tenant.

Article 8 Rules

 

8.1 Introduction of Rules

In order to guarantee the continuous provision of services of good quality with respect to the property where the leased area is located in, the Landlord has the right to announce, introduce, amend, adopt or abolish any rules in writing, and shall inform the Tenant of the foregoing in a reasonable time. If such activity of the Landlord affects the Tenant’s lawful rights and interests, the Parties may negotiate with each other in accordance with the Contract.

 

8.2 Conflicts

These rules are supplements to the terms and conditions of this Contract only, without the purpose to invalidate such terms and conditions. In case of conflicts between these rules and the terms and conditions of this Contract, the terms and conditions of this Contract shall prevail.


English Translation

 

 

Article 9 Representations and Warranties of the Parties

 

9.1

In addition to other representations and warranties provided in this Contract by the Parties, both Parties represents and warrants to the other Party that it has the full right, power and authority to execute this Contract and to perform its obligations under this Contract, and has obtained all necessary governmental and corporate approvals and has carried out all formalities.

 

9.2

This Contract constitutes its legal, valid and binding obligations, which may be enforced in accordance with the terms of this Contract.

 

9.3

There are no litigations, arbitrations or administrative proceedings (whether existing, pending or threatened) against either Party or its assets under this Contract, which have material adverse impact on the execution, completion or performance of this Contract or the obligations under this Contract by both Parties.

 

9.4

If either Party suffers any loss, liability, cost or expense which is caused by or with respect to any untrue or misleading representations, warranties or guarantees made by the other Party in this Contract or the other Party’s breach of its representations, warranties or guarantees, the breaching Party shall bear corresponding liabilities for compensation.

 

9.5

Each Party shall indemnify and compensate the other Party and hold the other Party harmless from and against the loss, damage and claim, including but not limited to the relevant legal costs, interests and fines, which is caused due to the first Party’s breach of its representations and warranties in this Contract or the inconsistencies of such representations and warranties with the facts.

 

9.6

The Landlord specifically warrants that it has the qualification to sell and lease the property, and holds the approval documents issued


English Translation

 

 

by the relevant governmental department. Meanwhile, the Landlord undertakes that it will not put the property in a situation where the ownership to the property is restricted, such as the further mortgage of the property. The Landlord shall indemnify and compensate the Tenant and hold the Tenant harmless from and against the loss, damage and claims, including but not limited to the legal costs, interests and fines, which is caused due to the Landlord’s breach of its representations and warranties in this Contract or the inconsistency of such representations and warranties with the facts.

Article 10 Miscellaneous

 

10.1 Force Majeure

10.1.1

The “Event of Force Majeure” means any event beyond either Party’s control which prevents such Party from performing its obligations under this Contract. The Event of Force Majeure shall be interpreted and recognized according to the Chinese laws.

 

10.1.2

If either Party has been prevented from performing its obligations under this Contract because of an Event of Force Majeure, it shall notify the other Party in writing within seven (7) days after the occurrence of such Event of Force Majeure, and the Parties shall use reasonable endeavours to mitigate their respective damages to the possible extent. If an Event of Force Majeure occurs, neither Party shall be responsible for any damage, increased cost or loss which the other Party may sustain from the failure or delay of the performance of obligations due to the Event of Force Majeure. Such failure or delay of performance of obligations shall not be deemed as a breach of this Contract. A Party claiming inability to perform its obligations due to an Event of Force Majeure shall take appropriate means to minimize or eliminate the effects of the Event of Force Majeure and attempt to resume the performance of the obligations affected by the Event of Force Majeure within the shortest possible time.

 

10.2 Surviving Terms

The Landlord warrants that the successor or assignee of the owner of the building or premises or the Landlord shall be bound by this Contract and replace the Landlord of this Contract in the performance of this Contract within the term of this Contract.


English Translation

 

 

10.3 Payment of Rent during Special Periods

The Landlord agrees that if it is liquidated due to insolvency during the lease term in this Contract, it shall, together with the Tenant, open a jointly-operating account in the names of the Landlord and the Tenant at the bank agreed by the Parties immediately after the commencement of the liquidation procedures. The Tenant shall thereafter remit the rent payable to the Landlord into such account. After the amount of rent remitted into such account by the Tenant equals to the deposit which has been paid to the Landlord by the Tenant, the Tenant shall resume the normal way of paying the rent to the Landlord. The rent in the jointly-operating account can not be used for other purposes during the lease term without the agreement of the Landlord and the Tenant. After the liquidation is completed, the deposit which has been paid to the Landlord by the Tenant shall be converted to the rent, and the rent in the jointly-operating account shall be converted to the Tenant’s deposit and be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of this Contract.

 

10.4 Confidentiality

 

10.4.1

During the lease term, unless otherwise required by the relevant laws and regulations, either Party shall keep any issues with respect to this Contract or either Party confidential, and shall not disclose any confidential information, which is disclosed to it by the other Party during the negotiation of this Contract or for such purpose, to any third party or individual, unless and until such information has been rightfully disclosed to the public, provided that either Party is entitled to disclose the information which is received in accordance with this Contract to its affiliates as necessary for the performance of its obligations under this Contract.

 

10.4.2

Both Parties shall cause the directors, staff and other employees of themselves and their subsidiaries or affiliates to observe the confidentiality obligations provided in the above Article 12.4.1.

 

10.5 Amendment to and Modification of this Contract

The amendment to or modification of this Contract can be made only by an agreement in writing in Chinese executed by the duly authorized representatives of the Parties. Such amendment shall take effect upon recording with the relevant authority (if necessary).


English Translation

 

 

10.6 Severability

The invalidity of any provision of this Contract shall not affect the validity of any other provisions of this Contract.

 

10.7 Language

This Contract is executed in Chinese. If versions in different languages are executed, the Chinese version prevails.

 

10.8 Waiver

Failure or delay on the part of either Party to exercise any right, power or privilege under this Contract or to request the other Party to perform its obligations shall not operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, power or privilege exclude the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.

 

10.9 Notice

Notices or other communications required to be given to either Party pursuant to this Contract shall be in Chinese and may be delivered personally or sent by registered airmail (postage prepaid), by a recognized courier service or by facsimile transmission to the following address of the other Party (i.e. the valid addresses for communication set out in this Contract by the Parties). If the address changes, either Party shall notify the other Party in time of any amendment of its address. If the notice cannot be successfully served due to the invalid address, the Party setting out the invalid address shall be liable. The dates on which notices shall be deemed to have been effectively given shall be determined as follows:

 

10.9.1

Notices given by personal delivery shall be deemed effective given on the date of personal delivery.

 

10.9.2

Notices given by registered airmail (postage prepaid) shall be deemed effective given on the seventh (7th) day after the date on which they were mailed (as indicated by the postmark).

 

10.9.3

Notices given by courier shall be deemed effectively given on the third (3rd ) day after they were sent by recognized courier service


English Translation

 

 

10.9.4

Notices given by facsimile transmission shall be deemed effectively given on the first (1st) business day following the date of transmission.

 

10.10 Notes on Margins, Headings and Index

Notes on margins, headings and index are inserted for convenience in reading only and shall not constitute a part of this Contract. Any clauses of this Contract shall not be interpreted with reference to such notes on margins, headings and index, and such notes on margins, headings and index shall not affect or qualify these clauses in any way.

 

10.11 Name of Property of Leased Area

Unless the Tenant is entitled to name the property where the lease area is located in accordance with the reservation contract, the Landlord reserves all rights to rename the property of the leased area and the rights to change, replace or cancel the original name at any time, without being liable to make any indemnification to the Tenant, provided that in this case, the Landlord shall give prior notice of at least three (3) months to the Tenant, post office and other relevant authorities. The Landlord shall ensure that the Tenant may rename the property of the leased area at any time in accordance with the reservation contract.

 

10.12 Business Licence

When executing this Contract, the Tenant shall present the Landlord with its business licence and registration certificate approved by the authorities of the PRC and an original copy of the power of attorney issued to the representative to sign the Contract. The Landlord shall also present the Tenant with any relevant government documents or certificates certifying that the Landlord is entitled to sell and lease the property.

Article 11 Dispute Resolution

 

11.1 Resolution of Contract Dispute

If any dispute arises during the implementation of this Contract, the Parties shall engage in friendly negotiations; if they fail to reach an agreement through negotiation, either Party has the right to bring a lawsuit to the People’s Court at the place where the property of the leased area is located.


English Translation

 

 

11.2 Resolution of Matters Not Provided

If there are any matters not provided in this Contract during the implementation of this Contract, the Parties shall resolve them by friendly negotiation and enter into supplementary agreement. The supplementary agreement has the equal effect with this Contract and is binding upon both Party A and Party B.

Article 12 Effectiveness of Agreement

12.1

No execution, modification of and amendment to this Contract shall become effective unless it is signed by the duly authorized representatives of both Parties in a written agreement in Chinese.

 

12.2

When executing this Contract, the Tenant shall present the Landlord with its business licence and registration certificate approved by the authorities of the PRC and an original copy of the power of attorney issued to the representative to sign the Contract. The Landlord shall also present the title certificate in respect of the leased property and a power of attorney issued to the representative to sign the Contract.

 

12.3

If the Tenant intends to renew the Contract, the Tenant has the priority to renew for three (3) years provided that it sends the renewal notice to the Landlord 45 days in advance and satisfies the requirement of the Landlord to continuously lease the leased area. The rent during the renewed period is RMB 2.9 per square meter (leased area). The lease term will be extended to October 9, 2015 and other terms of this Contract remain unchanged. This Contract comes to an end if the Tenant fails to send the renewal notice within the specified time limit.

This Contract is executed in four (4) copies with each Party holding two (2) copies and all copies shall be equally authentic. This Agreement becomes effective from the date when the Parties sign it and affix their seals on it.

(No text below)


English Translation

 

 

The Parties’ addresses for communication are as follows and either Party may change its address for communication at any time by written notice to the other Party according to this Article.

 

Landlord:    Beijing Jingyan Hotel Co., Ltd.
Address:    29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District
Attention:    GAO Yanming
Telephone No.:    13701208917
Facsimile No.:   
Tenant:    Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.
Address:    Room 1210, Building 3, No. 3 Xijing Road, Science Park, Ba Da Chu, Shijingshan District, Beijing
Attention:    ZHAO Jun
Telephone No.:    010-62726378
Facsimile No.:    010-62726986

 

Landlord: Beijing Jingyan Hotel Co., Ltd.    Tenant: Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.
(Signature and seal)    (Signature and seal)
[Company seal]    [Contract seal]

Legal Representative

 

Or

 

Authorised Representative: [Signature]

  

Legal Representative

 

Or

 

Authorised Representative: [Signature]

Place of Signature:    Place of Signature:

October 16, 2007

  

October 16, 2007

Exhibit 21.1

Subsidiaries of Registrants

 

   

Changyou.com HK Limited, incorporated in Hong Kong.

 

   

Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd., incorporated in the PRC.

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form F-1 of our report dated February 13, 2009, except Notes 1c(iii) and 18b. and c. to which the date is March 17, 2009, relating to the financial statements of Changyou.com Limited, which appears in such Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the heading “Experts” in such Registration Statement.

 

/s/    PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company

PricewaterhouseCoopers Zhong Tian CPAs Limited Company

Beijing, People’s Republic of China

March 17, 2009

Exhibit 23.4

 

American Appraisal China Limited

1506 Dah Sing Financial Centre

108 Gloucester Road/Wanchai/Hong Kong

LOGO

Tel +852 2511 5200 / Fax +852 2511 9626

  

LOGO

  
  
  
  
Leading / Thinking / Performing   

The Board of Directors

Changyou.com Ltd.

East Tower, JingYan Building,

No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District,

Beijing 100043

 

Subject:   WRITTEN CONSENT OF AMERICAN APPRAISAL CHINA LIMITED

We hereby consent to the references to our name and our final appraisal reports, dated April 16, 2008 and July 21, 2008, and addressed to the board of directors of Sohu com. Inc. and Changyou.com Ltd., and to references to our valuation methodologies, assumptions and conclusions associated with such reports, in the Form F-1 of Changyou.com Ltd. and any amendments thereto

(the “Registration Statements”) filed or to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. We further consent to the filing of this letter as an exhibit to the Registration Statements.

The Reports relate to valuations of fair value of 25% equity interest of Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co. Ltd. and 15% equity interest of Changyou.com Ltd., formerly known as TL Age Limited, as of December 31, 2007 and fair value of 100% equity interest of Changyou.com Ltd. as of April 27, 2008. In reaching our value conclusions, we relied on the accuracy and completeness of the financial statements and other data provided by Changyou.com Ltd. and its representatives. We did not audit or independently verify such financial statements or other data and take no responsibility for the accuracy of such information. The Company determined the fair values of the equity interest and our valuation reports were used to assist Changyou.com Ltd. in reaching its determinations.

In giving such consent, we do not hereby admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder (the “Act”), nor do we admit that we are experts with respect to any part of such Registration Statement within the meaning of the term “experts” as used in the Act.

 

Yours faithfully,
LOGO
AMERICAN APPRAISAL CHINA LIMITED

Valuation / Transaction Consulting / Real Estate Advisory / Fixed Asset Management

Exhibit 23.6

IDC Letterhead

IDC Asia/Pacific

80 Anson Road, #38-00

Fuji Xerox Towers

Singapore 079907

www.idc.com.sg

Requested by:

Merrill Lynch

Global Markets and Investment Banking

17/F Citibank Tower, 3 Garden Road, Central Hong Kong

For Client:

Changeyou.com Limited

East Tower, Jing Yan Hotel

No. 29 Shijingshan Road, Shijingshan District

Beijing 10043, P.R. China

Approving Analyst: Tony Tan

Disclosure Form

IDC grants Changyou.com Limited permission to disclose the following information: (Please refer to the attachments)

It is understood by both IDC and Changyou.com Limited that the information will not be sold.

It is further understood that IDC will be credited as the source of publication. The original date of publication will also be noted.

 

/s/ Cort Isernhagen

   

2 March 2009

Cort Isernhagen     Date
Vice President    
IDC    

Attachments:

1. Report: China Gaming End-Use Survey 2008 (March 2008); and

2. Report: China Gaming 2008-2012 Forecast and Analysis (May 2008)

Exhibit 99.1

CHANGYOU.COM LIMITED

CODE OF ETHICS AND CONDUCT FOR DIRECTORS,

OFFICERS, AND EMPLOYEESS

It is the policy of Changyou.com Limited, a Cayman Islands company, that the directors, officers, and employees of Changyou.com Limited and each of its subsidiaries and variable interest entities (collectively, the “Company”) adhere to the following principles governing their professional and ethical conduct in the fulfillment of their respective responsibilities:

 

1. Each director, officer, and employee shall act with honesty and integrity and in an ethical manner. Each director, officer, and employee shall endeavor to deal fairly with the Company’s customers, suppliers, competitors, and employees.

 

2. Each director, officer, and employee shall avoid conflicts of interest between his or her personal, private interests and the interests of the Company and seek to avoid the appearance of such conflicts of interest. A conflict of interest may arise when an individual takes actions or has interests that make it difficult to perform his or her Company work objectively and effectively, or when an individual uses his or her position at the Company for improper personal benefit. Actual and potential conflicts of interest must be promptly called to the attention of the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of the Company. Any transactions or relationships of a director or executive officer potentially involving any such conflict of interest shall be prohibited except with the prior written consent of the Audit Committee of the Company’s Board of Directors. Any such conflicts of interest or potential conflicts of interest shall be resolved in an ethical manner with due consideration being given to the legitimate interests of the Company.

 

3. Each director, officer, and employee shall perform his or her responsibilities and duties in such a manner as to ensure that periodic reports required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and other public communications made by the Company, including press releases and spoken statements, contain information that is full, fair, accurate, timely, and understandable.

 

4. Each director, officer, and employee shall comply with the laws of all U.S. and non-U.S. governmental entities applicable to the Company, including, but not limited to, the Cayman Islands and the People’s Republic of China, and the rules and regulations of agencies having jurisdiction over the Company, including, but not limited to, the laws pertaining to insider trading of Company securities.

 

5. Each director, officer, and employee shall act in good faith, responsibly, with due care and diligence, without misrepresenting or omitting material facts or allowing his or her independent judgment to be compromised.

 

6.

Each director, officer, and employee shall respect the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of the performance of his or her responsibilities, except when authorized by persons with appropriate authority or legally obligated to disclose such information. No director, officer, or employee shall use confidential information acquired in the course of the performance of his


 

or her responsibilities for improper personal advantage. The prohibitions of this paragraph are intended to be in addition to, and not in limitation of, any other obligations of confidentiality a director, officer, or employee owes to the Company.

 

7. Each director, officer, and employee shall proactively attempt to promote ethical behavior among his or her subordinates and peers.

 

8. Each director, officer, and employee shall use Company assets and resources employed by or entrusted to him or her in a responsible manner for legitimate business purposes and not for improper personal advantage.

 

9. No director, officer, or employee shall exploit the Company’s corporate opportunities or compete with the Company in violation of a non-competition agreement with the Company.

Any violation or potential violation of this code by a director or executive officer should be promptly reported to the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of the Company, who will report all such reported violations and potential violations to the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company. Any such violation or potential violation also may be reported directly to the Audit Committee or any member thereof, or to any executive officer within the Company that the person reporting deems to be appropriate. There will be no reprisals for reporting an actual or possible violation of this code provided the reporting person is not a party to or responsible for (alone or with others) the violation. With respect to directors and executive officers, the Audit Committee shall have the power and authority to monitor compliance with this code, investigate potential or alleged violations of the code, make determinations (including acting on requests for waivers from the provisions hereof) and make recommendations to appropriate executive officers or to the Board of Directors with respect to penalties and consequences for violations of this code. The appropriate executive officers of the Company and, in the case of violations or alleged violations by executive officers of the Company, the Board of Directors of the Company are authorized to take appropriate disciplinary action, including dismissal of the offender (after opportunity to be heard). If, in the determination of the Board of Directors with the assistance of counsel, any violation amounts to, or potentially amounts to, illegal activity, the Company may report the violation to appropriate authorities.

Any violation or potential violation of this code by an employee, other than a director or executive officer, should be promptly reported to the Chief Executive Officer or Chief Financial Officer of the Company or to any executive officer within the Company that the person reporting deems to be appropriate. Employees who violate this code may be subject to disciplinary action (after opportunity to be heard). It is also important to understand that violation of certain of the policies set forth in this code may subject the individual employee to civil liability and damages, regulatory sanction and/or criminal prosecution. There will be no reprisals for reporting an actual or possible violation of this code provided the reporting person is not a party to or responsible for (alone or with others) the violation.

Each director and executive officer of the Company shall be required, on an annual basis, to acknowledge and certify as to his or her compliance with this code to the Audit Committee.


Any waivers of this code for directors and executive officers of the Company must be approved by the Board of Directors of the Company and must be promptly disclosed (including the reasons for the waiver) in the Company’s public filings in accordance with law and SEC and NASDAQ rules. In addition, substantive amendments to this code must be promptly disclosed in the Company’s public filings in accordance with law and SEC rules.

Exhibit 99.2

LOGO

Commerce & Finance Law Offices

6F NCI Tower, A12 Jianguomenwai Avenue,

Chaoyang District, Beijing, PRC; Postcode: 100022

Tel: (8610) 65693399 Fax: (8610) 65693838, 65693836, 65693837, 65693839

E-mail Add: beijing@tongshang.com Website: www.tongshang.com.cn

March 17, 2009

Changyou.Com Limited

East Tower, Jing Yan Building,

No. 29 Shijingshan Road,

Shijingshan District

Beijing 100043

People’s Republic of China

Dear Sirs:

We are qualified lawyers of the People’s Republic of China (the “ PRC ”) and are qualified to issue an opinion on the laws and regulations of the PRC.

We have acted as PRC counsel for Changyou.Com Limited (the “ Company ”), a company incorporated under the laws of the Cayman Islands, in connection with (i) the Company’s Registration Statement on Form F-1, including all amendments or supplements thereto (the “ Registration Statement ”), originally filed with Securities and Exchange Commission under the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, on March 17, 2009, relating to the offering by the Company and certain selling shareholders of the Company a certain number of American Depositary Receipts (“ ADRs ”), each of which represents two Class A ordinary shares, par value US$0.01 per share, of the Company and (ii) the Company’s proposed listing of its ADRs on the Nasdaq Global Market.

In so acting, we have examined the originals or copies certified or otherwise identified to our satisfaction, of documents provided to us by the Company and such other documents, corporate records, certificates issued by governmental authorities in the PRC and officers of the Company and other instruments as we have deemed necessary or advisable for the purposes of rendering this opinion.

In our examination, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals and the conformity with authentic original documents submitted to us as copies. We have also assumed the documents as


they were presented to us up to the date of this legal opinion and that none of the documents has been revoked, amended, varied or supplemented. We have further assumed the accuracy and completeness of all factual statements in the documents. Where important facts were not independently established to us, we have relied upon certificates issued by governmental agents and representatives of the Company with proper authority and upon representations, made in or pursuant to the documents.

The following terms as used in this opinion are defined as follows:

AmazGame ” means Beijing AmazGame Age Internet Technology Co., Ltd.

Changyou HK ” means Changyou.com (HK) Limited.

Changyou VIE Agreements ” means the agreements described under the caption “Our Corporate Structure” in the section “Our History and Corporate Structure” in the Prospectuses which are listed in Schedule I.

Gamease ” means Beijing Gamease Age Digital Technology Co., Ltd.

Governmental Agency ” means any national, provincial or local government agency, body or any other regulator in the PRC.

Governmental Authorizations ” means licenses, consents, authorizations, sanctions, permissions, declarations, approvals, orders, registrations, clearances, annual inspections, waivers, qualifications, certificates and permits from, and the reports to and filings with, PRC Government Agencies.

Group Companies ” means the Company, Changyou HK and PRC Group Companies.

Material Adverse Effect ” means a material adverse effect on the general affairs, management, condition (financial or otherwise), results of operations, shareholder equity or business prospects of the Company, its subsidiaries and variable interest company, taken as a whole.

PRC Group Companies ” means AmazGame and Gamease.

PRC Laws ” means all laws, statutes, regulations, orders, decrees, notices, circulars, judicial interpretations, and subordinary legislations of the PRC.

Prospectuses ” means the prospectus, including all amendments or supplements thereto, that forms part of the Registration Statement.

 

2


Reorganization Agreements ” means the agreements described under the caption “Our Carve-Out from Sohu” in the section “Our History and Corporate Structure” in the Prospectuses which are listed in Schedule II.

Based on the foregoing, we are of the opinion that:

 

1. AmazGame has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a wholly foreign-owned enterprise with limited liability under the PRC Laws and its business license is in full force and effect. The total registered capital of AmazGame is US$ 10,000,000, of which Changyou HK has contributed US$ 5,000,000, the amount that is required to be paid to date in accordance with the relevant PRC Laws and its articles of association. All of the equity interests in AmazGame are legally owned by Changyou HK, and are, to the best of our knowledge after due inquiry, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, security interest, mortgage, pledge, equities or claims or any third-party right. All Government Authorizations required under PRC Laws for the ownership by Changyou HK of its equity interests in AmazGame have been duly obtained. The articles of association of AmazGame comply with the requirements of applicable PRC Laws and are in full force and effect.

 

2. Gamease has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a limited liability company under the PRC Laws and its business license is in full force and effect. The total registered capital of Gamease is RMB 10,000,000, all of which has been fully paid in accordance with the relevant PRC Laws and its articles of association. All of the equity interests in Gamease are legally owned as to 60% by Wang Tao and as to 40% by Wang Yaobin, and, to the best of our knowledge after due inquiry, such equity interests are free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, security interest, mortgage, pledge, equities or claims or any third-party right except for the pledges and options on the equity interests of Gamease under the Changyou VIE Agreements, which are described in the Prospectuses. All Government Authorizations required under PRC Laws for the ownership by Wang Tao and Wang Yaobin of their respective equity interests in Gamease have been duly obtained. The articles of association; the articles of association of Gamease comply with the requirements of applicable PRC Laws and are in full force and effect.

 

3.

Except as described in the Prospectuses, each of the PRC Group Companies has full corporate right, power and authority and has all necessary Governmental Authorizations of and from, and has made all necessary declarations and filings with, all Governmental Agencies to own, lease, license and use its properties, assets and conduct its business in the manner described in

 

3


 

the Prospectuses and such Governmental Authorizations contain no burdensome restrictions or conditions. Nothing has come to our attention that makes us to reasonably believe that any regulatory body is considering modifying, suspending or revoking, or not renewing, any such Governmental Authorizations. Except as disclosed in the Prospectuses, each of the PRC Group Companies conducts its business in accordance with, and is not in violation of, its articles of association, business license, Governmental Authorizations or any PRC Laws to which it is subject or by which it is bound.

 

4. The ownership structure of the PRC Group Companies as set forth in the Prospectuses complies with current PRC Laws. The transactions conducted in the PRC involving the PRC Group Companies or the shareholders of Gamease relating to the establishment of such ownership structure as described in the Section “Our History and Corporate Structure” in the Prospectuses comply with current PRC Laws. Except as described in the Prospectuses, to the best of our knowledge after due inquiry, no consent, approval or license other than those already obtained is required under the existing PRC Laws for the establishment of such ownership structures.

 

5. Each of the PRC Group Companies and the shareholders of Gamease has the legal right and full power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under each of the Changyou VIE Agreements to which it is a party. Each of the PRC Group Companies has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of, and has authorized, executed and delivered, each of the Changyou VIE Agreements to which it is a party; and each of the Changyou VIE Agreements is, and all the Changyou VIE Agreements taken as a whole are, valid and legally binding to each party of such agreements under the PRC Laws, and enforceable in accordance with its terms, subject, as to enforceability, to bankruptcy, insolvency, fraudulent transfer, reorganization, moratorium and similar laws of general applicability relating to or affecting creditors’ rights and to general equity principles.

 

6.

Each of the Changyou VIE Agreements does not and the execution and delivery thereof by the PRC Group Companies and the shareholders of Gamease, the performance by each of the PRC Group Companies and the shareholders of Gamease of its obligations thereunder, and the consummation by each of the PRC Group Companies and the shareholders of Gamease of the transactions contemplated therein, will not (A) to the best of our knowledge after due inquiry, conflict with or result in a material breach or violation of any terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument governed by the PRC Laws to which any of the PRC Group Companies or the shareholders of Gamease is a party or by which or to which any of such entities or individuals, or their respective properties or

 

4


 

assets, is bound or subject; (B) result in any violation of the provisions of its articles of association or business license or any Governmental Authorization, as applicable; or (C) result in any violation of any PRC Laws. No Governmental Authorizations are required to be obtained for the performance by any of the parties thereto of their obligations or for the transactions contemplated under the Changyou VIE Agreements (except for the equity interest purchase right agreements and equity pledge agreements, which are disclosed in the Prospectuses) other than those already obtained.

 

7. Each of the Reorganization Agreements was duly authorized, executed and delivered by the PRC Group Companies, constitutes legal, valid and binding obligations of the PRC Group Companies, and is enforceable against each PRC Group Company in accordance with its terms. All required filings and registrations in respect of the Reorganization Agreements with any Governmental Agency have been performed to ensure their legality, validity or enforceability to the PRC Group Companies. Each of the Reorganization Agreements does not, and the execution and delivery thereof by the PRC Group Companies, or the performance by each PRC Group Company of its obligations thereunder, or the consummation by each PRC Group Company of the transactions contemplated therein, will not (A) to the best of our knowledge after due inquiry, conflict with or result in a material breach or violation of any terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument governed by the PRC Laws to which any PRC Group Company is a party or by which or to which any of the PRC Group Companies or their respective properties or assets is bound or subject; (B) result in any violation of the provisions of the PRC Group Companies’ articles of association or business license or any Governmental Authorization; or (C) result in any violation of any PRC Laws.

 

8. Each lease agreement listed in Schedule III to which any PRC Group Company is a party is duly executed and legally binding on such PRC Group Company. To the best of our knowledge after due inquiry, none of the PRC Group Companies owns any real property of any kind in the PRC.

 

9. To the best of our knowledge after due inquiry, each of PRC Group Companies owns or possesses valid licenses in full force and effect or otherwise has the legal right to use, or can acquire on reasonable terms, all intellectual property that are material to the operation of any PRC Group Company and are as currently used or as currently contemplated to be used by the PRC Group Company, in each case, as described in the Prospectuses.

 

5


10. Each of the license agreements between Louis Cha and Gamease or Beijing Fire Fox Digital Technology Co., Ltd. (“ Fire Fox ”) (including supplements and extensions of such agreements) is valid and enforceable during the terms of such licenses. Under PRC Laws, such license agreements afforded Fire Fox and/or Gamease, as the case may be, full legal right and power to develop, improve and operate the Tian Long Ba Bu (“ TLBB ”) and Duke of Mount Deer (“ DMD ”) online games during the periods that Fire Fox and/or Gamease were conducting such activities in the manner as disclosed in the Prospectuses, and will continue to afford Gamease full legal right and power to develop, improve and operate TLBB and DMD until the expiry of their respective license terms under such license agreements. To the best of our knowledge after due inquiry, neither Fire Fox nor Gamease has violated or is violating any copyrights of Louis Cha under PRC Laws or any terms of the contracts Fire Fox or Gamease has entered into with Louis Cha.

 

11. Other than potential withholding of PRC taxes on holders of the ADSs who are non-residents of the PRC in respect of (A) any payments, dividends or other distributions made on the ADSs or (B) gains made on sales of the ADSs between non-residents of the PRC consummated outside the PRC, which have been accurately described in the Prospectuses in all material respects, there are no other PRC income tax or other taxes or duties applicable to such ADS holders unless the holder thereof is subject to such taxes in respect of the ADSs by reason of being connected with the PRC other than by reason only of the holding of the ADSs or receiving payments in connection therewith as described in the Prospectuses.

 

12. Except as disclosed in the Prospectuses, all dividends and other distributions declared and payable upon the interests in AmazGame in accordance with its articles of associations and the PRC Laws may be converted into foreign currency that may be freely transferred out of the PRC subject to certain procedures, and may be so paid without the necessity of obtaining any PRC Government Authorizations, except such as have been obtained.

 

13. To the best of our knowledge after due inquiry, there are no legal, arbitration or governmental proceedings in progress or pending in the PRC to which any of the Group Companies is a party or of which any property of any Group Company is the subject which, if determined adversely to such Group Company, would individually or in the aggregate have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

14. As a matter of PRC Laws, none of the Group Companies, or any of their respective properties, assets or revenues, are entitled to any right of immunity on the grounds of sovereignty or otherwise from any legal action, suit or proceeding, set-off or counterclaim, the jurisdiction of any court in the PRC, service of process, attachment prior to or in aid of execution of judgment, or other legal process or proceeding for the granting of any relief or the enforcement of any judgment.

 

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15. All matters of PRC Laws material to the ownership and operations of the Group Companies and their respective businesses are accurately disclosed in the Prospectuses in all material respects. The statements in the Prospectuses under “Summary”, “Risk Factors”, “Dividend Policy”, “Enforceability of Civil Liabilities”, “Our History and Corporate Structure”, “Our Relationship with Sohu”, “Business”, “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations”, “Regulations”, “Related Party Transactions” and “Taxation” to the extent that they constitute matters of PRC Laws or summaries of legal matters of the PRC or legal conclusions in respect of the PRC Laws, or summarize the terms and provisions of the agreements governed by PRC Laws, are correct and accurate in all material respects, and nothing has been omitted from such statements which would make the same misleading in any material respect.

 

16. On August 8, 2006, six PRC regulatory agencies, namely, the PRC Ministry of Commerce, the State Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration for Taxation, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, the China Securities Regulatory Commission (the “ CSRC ”), and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, jointly adopted the Regulations on Mergers and Acquisitions of Domestic Enterprises by Foreign Investors (the “ New M&A Rule ”), which became effective on September 8, 2006. The New M&A Rule purports, among other things to require offshore special purpose vehicles, or SPVs, formed for overseas listing purposes through acquisitions of PRC domestic companies and controlled by PRC companies or individuals, to obtain the approval of the CSRC prior to publicly listing their securities on an overseas stock exchange. On September 21, 2006, pursuant to the New M&A Rule and other PRC Laws and regulations, the CSRC, in its official website, promulgated relevant guidance with respect to the issues of listing and trading of domestic enterprises’ securities on overseas stock exchanges, including a list of application materials with respect to the listing on overseas stock exchanges by SPVs. Based on our understanding of current PRC Laws, we believe that CSRC approval is not required in the context of this offering, because (A) AmazGame was incorporated by a foreign owned enterprise, and there was no acquisition of the equity or assets of a “PRC domestic company” as such term is defined under the New M&A Rule; and (B) there is no provision in the New M&A Rule that clearly classifies the contractual arrangements between AmazGame and Gamease as a kind of transaction falling under the New M&A Rule. No other Governmental Authorizations are required for this offering.

This opinion relates to the PRC Laws in effect on the date hereof and there is no assurance that any of such laws will not be changed, amended or replaced in the immediate future or in the longer term with or without retrospective effect.

 

7


This opinion is rendered only with respect to the PRC Laws and we have made no investigations in any other jurisdiction and no opinion is expressed or implied as to the laws of any other jurisdiction.

We hereby consent to the use of this opinion in, and the filing hereof as an exhibit to, the above-mentioned Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we fall within the category of the person whose consent is required under Section 7 of the U.S. Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the regulations promulgated thereunder.

 

Yours Sincerely,

/s/ Commerce & Finance Law Offices

Commerce & Finance Law Offices

 

8


Schedule I.

 

1. Power of Attorney dated August 20, 2008 issued by Wang Tao

 

2. Power of Attorney dated August 20, 2008 issued by Wang Yaobin

 

3. Amended and Restated Loan Agreement between AmazGame and Wang Tao dated August 20, 2008

 

4. Loan Agreement between AmazGame and Wang Yaobin dated August 20, 2008

 

5. Amended and Restated Equity Interest Purchase Right Agreement among AmazGame, Gamease and Wang Tao dated August 20, 2008

 

6. Equity Interest Purchase Right Agreement among AmazGame, Gamease and Wang Yaobin dated August 20, 2008

 

7. Amended and Restated Equity Pledge Agreement between AmazGame and Wang Tao dated August 20, 2008

 

8. Equity Pledge Agreement between AmazGame and Wang Yaobin dated August 20, 2008

 

9. Business Operation Agreement between among AmazGame, Gamease and the shareholders of Gamease dated August 20, 2008

 

10. Technology Support and Utilization Agreement between AmazGame and Gamease dated August 20, 2008

 

11. Service and Maintenance Agreement between AmazGame and Gamease dated December 1, 2007

 

9


Schedule II.

 

1. Asset Transfer Agreement between Sohu New Era Information Technology Co., Ltd. (“Sohu New Era”) and AmazGame dated November 23, 2007

 

2. Asset Transfer Agreement between Sohu New Era and Gamease dated November 23, 2007

 

3. Technology Transfer Agreement between Fire Fox, or Beijing Fire Fox, and Gamease dated November 10, 2007

 

4. Trademark Assignment Agreement between Fire Fox and Gamease dated November 28, 2007

 

5. Services Transfer Agreement Sohu New Era and Gamease

 

10


Schedule III

 

1. Lease Contract between AmazGame and Beijing Jingyan Hotel Co., Ltd. dated October 16, 2007

 

2. Lease Contract between AmazGame and Beijing Chongxin Modern Communication Factory dated August 22, 2008

 

3. Lease Contract between Gamease and Beijing Chongxin Modern Communication Factory dated August 6, 2008

 

11