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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 7, 2009

Registration No. 333-162184

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, DC 20549

AMENDMENT NO. 3 TO

FORM S-11

FOR REGISTRATION UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OF SECURITIES

OF CERTAIN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES

CHESAPEAKE LODGING TRUST

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Governing Instruments)

710 Route 46 East

Suite 206

Fairfield, NJ 07004

(201) 970-2559

(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)

Douglas W. Vicari, Chief Financial Officer

710 Route 46 East

Suite 206

Fairfield, NJ 07004

(201) 970-2559

(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)

Copies to:

 

James E. Showen, Esq.

Kevin L. Vold, Esq.

Hogan & Hartson LLP

555 Thirteenth Street, N.W.

Washington, DC 20004

Phone: (202) 637-5600

Facsimile: (202) 637-5910

 

Jay L. Bernstein, Esq.

Andrew S. Epstein, Esq.

Clifford Chance US LLP

31 West 52 nd Street

New York, NY 10019-6131

Phone: (212) 878-8000

Facsimile: (212) 878-8375

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:     As soon as practicable after the effective date of this registration statement.

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box.   ¨

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, check the following box.   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One):

 

Large accelerated filer  ¨   Accelerated filer  ¨
Non-accelerated filer  þ   Smaller reporting company  ¨
(do not check if a smaller reporting company)


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The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or until this registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and we are not soliciting offers to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale of the securities is not permitted.

 

Subject to Completion, dated December 7, 2009

Prospectus

12,500,000 Common Shares of Beneficial Interest

 

LOGO      CHESAPEAKE LODGING TRUST

Chesapeake Lodging Trust is a recently-formed, self-advised hotel investment company that was organized to take advantage of current and future lodging-related investment opportunities.

This is our initial public offering, or IPO, of our common shares of beneficial interest, or common shares. No public market currently exists for our common shares. All of the shares offered by this prospectus are being sold by us.

We have applied to list our common shares on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CHSP.” We expect the IPO price of our common shares to be $20.00 per share.

Concurrently with the offering, in separate private placements, we will sell (1) up to 4.9% of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, but in no event more than $20 million of our common shares, to Hyatt Hotels Corporation or its affiliates, or Hyatt, and (2) up to 9.8% of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, but in no event more than $25 million of our common shares, to an institutional fund advised by BAMCO, Inc. on behalf of its investment advisory client, the Baron Small Cap Fund, or Baron, in each case, excluding common shares that may be sold pursuant to the underwriters’ overallotment option, and at the IPO price per share, less the greater of the underwriting discount or 6%. We also will sell an aggregate of 150,000 common shares to our non-executive Chairman, our President and Chief Executive Officer and our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and Secretary at the public offering price shown below.

We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. To assist us in qualifying as a REIT, shareholders are generally restricted from owning more than 9.8% by value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding common or preferred shares of beneficial interest. See “Description of shares of beneficial interest—Restrictions on ownership and transfer.”

See “ Risk factors ” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus for certain risk factors relevant to an investment in our common shares, including, among others:

 

 

We have no operating history and may not be able to successfully operate our business or generate sufficient operating cash flows to make or sustain distributions to our shareholders. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we will be able to invest the proceeds of the offering on acceptable terms, or at all.

 

 

We currently own no properties and have not committed any portion of the net proceeds of the offering to any specific acquisition, making this a blind pool investment opportunity. Investors will not be able to evaluate the economic merits of any acquisitions we make with the net proceeds of the offering. In addition, we can change our investment policy at any time without seeking approval from our shareholders.

 

 

Failure of the U.S. economy and the lodging industry to improve may adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan. There can be no assurance as to whether, or when, lodging industry fundamentals will in fact improve, or to what extent they will improve.

 

 

Our failure to qualify as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to us, the value of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

 

 

While we intend to target an overall debt level of up to 50% of the aggregate purchase prices of all our portfolio properties, our governing documents contain no limitations on the amount of debt we may incur, and our board of trustees may change our financing policy at any time without shareholder approval.

 

 

We depend on the efforts and expertise of our president and chief executive officer and our executive vice president, chief financial officer, treasurer and secretary to manage our day-to-day operations and strategic business direction. The loss of their services, and our inability to find suitable replacements, could have an adverse effect on our operations.

 

       Per Share    Total

Public offering price

   $                 $                         

Underwriting discount (1)

   $      $  

Proceeds, before expenses, to us

   $      $  

 

(1)   The underwriters will be entitled to receive $         per share from us at closing. The underwriters will forego the receipt of payment of $         per share, subject to the following. We will agree to pay the $        per share to the underwriters when the capital deployment hurdle (as described herein) is satisfied. If this requirement is not satisfied, the aggregate underwriting discount paid by us, based on $        per share (or         % of the public offering price) would be $        . See “Underwriting.”

The underwriters may also purchase up to an additional 1,875,000 common shares at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days from the date of this prospectus solely to cover overallotments, if any.

The underwriters are offering our common shares as described in “Underwriting.” We expect to deliver the common shares on or about                     , 2009.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

J.P. Morgan   Deutsche Bank Securities

 

 

FBR Capital Markets

 

KeyBanc Capital Markets

 

Baird  

 

JMP Securities

The date of this prospectus is                     , 2009.

 


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Table of contents

 

     Page

Prospectus summary

   1

Risk factors

   11

Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements

   34

Use of proceeds

   36

Capitalization

   38

Distribution policy

   39

U.S. lodging industry

   40

Our business

   44

Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations

   57

Management

   63

Investment policies and policies with respect to certain activities

   79

Prior Performance of Highland Hospitality Corporation

   83

Principal shareholders

   90

Certain relationships and related transactions

   91

Description of shares of beneficial interest

   92

Shares eligible for future sale

   97

Certain provisions of Maryland law and of our declaration of trust and bylaws

   99

Partnership agreement

   104

Material U.S. federal income tax considerations

   109

ERISA considerations

   142

Underwriting

   144

Experts

   150

Legal matters

   150

Where you can find more information

   150

Reports to shareholders

   150

Index to financial statements

   F-1

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus, any free writing prospectus prepared by us or information to which we have referred you. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized anyone to provide you with additional information or information different from that contained in this prospectus. We are offering to sell, and seeking offers to buy, our common shares only in jurisdictions where offers and sales are permitted. The information contained in this prospectus is accurate only as of the date of this prospectus, regardless of the time of delivery of this prospectus or of any sale of our common shares.

Through and including                     , 2009 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in our common shares, whether or not participating in the offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.


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Prospectus summary

The following summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. This summary is not complete and does not contain all of the information that you should consider before investing in our common shares. You should read the entire prospectus, including “Risk factors,” before making a decision to invest in our common shares. In this prospectus, references to “our company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” mean Chesapeake Lodging Trust and our subsidiaries, and references to our “operating partnership” mean Chesapeake Lodging, L.P. Unless otherwise indicated, the information contained in this prospectus assumes (1) the sale of 12,500,000 common shares in the offering at $20.00 per share, (2) the sale in concurrent private placements to Hyatt and Baron of up to 4.9% and 9.8%, respectively, of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, in each case, at the IPO price per share, less the greater of the underwriting discount or 6%, (3) the sale of an aggregate of 150,000 common shares to our non-executive chairman and certain of our executive officers at the IPO price per share and (4) no exercise by the underwriters of their overallotment option to purchase up to an additional 1,875,000 common shares.

Overview

We are a self-advised hotel investment company organized in June 2009. We intend to focus our investments primarily in upper upscale hotels in major business, airport and convention markets and, on a selective basis, in premium select-service hotels in urban settings or unique locations in the United States. We believe current industry dynamics will create attractive opportunities to acquire high quality hotel properties, at prices well below replacement costs, with attractive yields on investment and significant upside potential.

Our senior executive officers have extensive experience in the lodging industry, including the acquisition, development, financing, repositioning, asset management and disposition of hotels. This experience includes founding Highland Hospitality Corporation, or Highland, and leading its IPO and related formation transactions in 2003. Following the IPO, our senior executive officers served as chief executive officer and chief financial officer of Highland until its sale in July 2007. In addition to their service with Highland, our senior executive officers have held senior management and executive positions at several other publicly traded lodging companies such as Crestline Capital Corporation, Marriott International, Inc., Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Prime Hospitality Corporation.

We do not own any properties and have no agreement to acquire any property at this time. However, our senior executive officers have established and maintained a broad network of hotel industry contacts, including long-standing relationships with hotel owners, independent hotel managers, global hotel brands, hotel brokers, financiers and institutional investors that we believe will provide us with attractive acquisition opportunities. In addition, we have entered into a sourcing relationship with Hyatt that we believe will enhance our ability to execute our business strategy by potentially providing us with additional attractive acquisition opportunities.

Upon completion of the offering, the concurrent private placements to Hyatt, Baron, our non-executive chairman and certain of our executive officers, and the related formation transactions described in this prospectus, we expect to have approximately $             million in cash available to

 

 

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execute our strategy. We also expect to incur indebtedness to supplement our investment capital. We intend to target an overall debt level of up to 50% of the aggregate purchase prices of all our portfolio properties.

We intend to elect and qualify to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2009.

Our team

The founding members of our management team are James L. Francis, our president and chief executive officer, and Douglas W. Vicari, our executive vice president, chief financial officer, treasurer and secretary. These senior executive officers have extensive experience in the lodging industry, including the acquisition, development, financing, repositioning, asset management and disposition of hotels. In these roles, our senior executive officers have participated in numerous lodging-related transactions and assumed significant management responsibilities. This experience includes:

 

 

hotel investments, including single property and portfolio acquisitions;

 

 

hotel and company level financings, such as single property and portfolio debt financings, including loans included in securitized transactions, public debt offerings, public and private equity offerings and corporate credit facilities;

 

 

hotel dispositions, including single property, portfolio and company dispositions; and

 

 

asset management, including extensive renovation and repositioning programs, as well as re-branding or changing hotel management of select properties.

Competitive strengths

We believe the following competitive strengths distinguish us from other owners, acquirors and investors in hotel properties:

Experienced management team :    A veteran management team with substantial lodging industry experience will enable us to effectively implement our business strategy by evaluating investment opportunities and deploying capital in hotels that provide attractive long-term returns. Our senior executive officers have previously worked together for a number of years and have extensive experience, having served as executives in several publicly traded lodging companies, including Highland, Marriott International, Inc., Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., Crestline Capital Corporation and Prime Hospitality Corporation.

Extensive industry relationships :    Our senior management team has established and maintained a broad network of hotel industry contacts, including long-standing relationships with hotel owners, independent hotel managers, global hotel brands, hotel brokers, financiers, institutional investors and other key industry participants. We believe these broad industry relationships will potentially provide us with a valuable source of hotel property investment opportunities.

Growth oriented capital structure with no legacy issues :    We believe that many institutional buyers of hotel assets will be constrained in their ability to make acquisitions over the next several years as they address the adverse effects of both a highly leveraged capital structure and

 

 

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declining operating performance on their existing portfolio. Unlike many of these potential buyers, we will be well capitalized, with no near-term debt maturities, liquidity constraints or distressed assets limiting our management’s focus or ability to acquire assets. Following the offering, the concurrent private placements and the related formation transactions, we will have $             million of equity capital to execute our strategy.

Proven acquisition and disposition capabilities :    Throughout their careers, our senior executive officers have pursued investment strategies that include acquiring, developing, financing, repositioning and selling hotel properties. While our chief executive officer and chief financial officer worked together at Highland from its IPO in 2003 until its sale in 2007, Highland invested in 30 hotel properties with over 9,000 rooms.

Strategic relationship with Hyatt :    We have entered into a sourcing relationship with Hyatt, a global hospitality company with widely recognized, industry leading brands. We believe this relationship, as well as Hyatt’s strong brands and excellent hotel management services, will enhance our ability to execute our business strategy and potentially provide us with additional attractive acquisition opportunities. In addition, concurrently with the offering, we will sell to Hyatt up to 4.9% of the common shares to be outstanding after the offering, but in no event more than $20 million of our common shares. We believe that this equity stake will serve to align Hyatt’s interests with ours and may provide added incentive to help us to execute our business strategy. For a full description of our agreement with Hyatt, see “Our business—Relationship with Hyatt.”

U.S. lodging industry

Historically, the lodging industry in the United States has been cyclical in nature. Generally, lodging industry performance correlates with macroeconomic conditions in the United States. Fluctuations in lodging demand and, therefore, operating performance, are caused largely by general economic and local market conditions, which affect levels of business and leisure travel. Recovery in lodging demand has generally lagged improvement in the overall economy. In addition to general economic and local market conditions, new hotel room supply has the potential to further exacerbate the negative impact of an economic recession. Lodging supply growth is typically driven by overall lodging demand, as extended periods of strong demand growth tend to encourage new hotel development. However, the rate of supply growth is also influenced by a number of additional factors, including availability and cost of capital, construction costs and local market considerations.

Beginning in 2008, the U.S. lodging industry began experiencing a significant downturn due to a decline in consumer and business spending as a result of the overall weakness in the economy, particularly the turmoil in the credit markets, erosion of consumer confidence and increasing unemployment. As a result, lodging demand from both leisure and business travelers decreased significantly in 2008 and through the second quarter of 2009. This decreased demand for hotel rooms, together with recent modest increases in hotel supply, resulted in declines in occupancy and reductions in room rates as hotels competed more aggressively for guests. These events have had a substantial negative impact on revenue per available room, or RevPAR, which is the product of average daily rate, or ADR, and occupancy, and is one of the key performance indicators used in the lodging industry. According to HVS, the industry outlook indicates these trends are expected to continue for 2009, with RevPAR forecasted to decline 16.1% for the full

 

 

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year, a significantly larger decline than the two most recent lodging industry downturns in 1991 and 2001/2002. In addition, HVS forecasts a continued modest decline for 2010 annual RevPAR, however we expect lodging industry performance and, in particular, RevPAR to begin improving in the second half of 2010 due to increased demand given the forecasted resumption in growth of the U.S. economy. As a result, 2011 is expected to be the first full year of RevPAR growth and this improvement in industry performance is expected to accelerate for several years following 2011.

Market opportunity

We believe the next several years will present opportunities to acquire hotels during the most attractive investment environment in our senior executive officers’ 20-plus year professional careers. During the last several years, pricing of hotel properties in the United States appreciated well in excess of the properties’ underlying performance, primarily driven by record levels of debt financing. Over the past 18 months, a significant correction in the price of hotel properties has been underway, primarily as a result of the impact of the economic downturn on the lodging industry. In addition, due to the widely publicized credit crisis, the market for commercial mortgage backed securities, or CMBS, is virtually closed, and many traditional real estate lenders such as national and regional banks and insurance companies have seen their balance sheets impaired, resulting in a severe contraction in available debt financing for hotel properties. We believe the combined effects of the severe decline in hotel operating performance, the lack of available debt financing from traditional real estate lenders and the decline in hotel property valuations (in some cases below current debt balances), will yield a high level of foreclosures, restructurings and distressed hotel asset sales from a range of sellers, including national and regional banks, insurance companies, private equity funds, real estate mezzanine debt investors, hotel owners and CMBS special servicers. We expect to be well positioned to capitalize on these opportunities to acquire hotel properties at deep discounts to replacement cost as a result of our liquidity and our senior executive officers’ acquisition experience.

Our strategy

We believe the following investment criteria and strategy will promote the growth of our company and our ability to deliver strong total returns to our shareholders:

External growth .    We intend to focus our investments primarily in upper upscale hotels in major business, airport and convention markets and, on a selective basis, in premium select-service hotels in urban settings or unique locations in the United States. Within this target sector, we will pursue investment opportunities primarily in hotel properties operating under national franchise brands with which our executive officers have existing relationships such as Hyatt ® , Hyatt Regency ® , Hilton ® , Marriott ® , Renaissance ® , Sheraton ® and Westin ® . In some instances, we will invest in premium select-service brands such as Hyatt Place ® , Courtyard by Marriott ® and Hilton Garden Inn ® or boutique hotels (unbranded) located in urban settings or unique locations. We will seek to acquire hotel properties primarily located in markets with high barriers to entry due to high land costs and limited land availability in the top 25 U.S. Metropolitan Statistical Areas, or MSAs. For a description of the top 25 MSAs, see “Our business—Top 25 metropolitan statistical areas.” We do not plan to acquire hotel properties outside the United States. We also will consider investments in hotel properties that would benefit from re-branding, renovation or a

 

 

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change in hotel property management. We believe our target investments will offer the opportunity for stronger returns than hotels in other sectors of the industry.

Internal growth .    We intend to aggressively asset manage the hotel properties we acquire by employing value-added strategies (such as re-branding, renovating or changing hotel management) designed to improve the operating performance and value of our hotels. We will not operate our hotel properties, but intend to engage reputable independent or brand management companies to operate our hotels. We intend to structure our hotel management agreements to allow us to closely monitor the performance of our hotels and to ensure, among other things, that our managers: (1) implement an approved business and marketing plan, (2) implement a disciplined capital expenditure program and (3) establish and prudently spend appropriate furniture, fixtures and equipment reserves.

Hotel industry segments

Smith Travel Research, Inc., a leading source of lodging industry information, classifies the hotel industry into the following chain scales, as determined by each brand’s average system-wide daily rates: luxury, upper upscale, upscale, midscale with food and beverage, midscale without food and beverage and economy. The category of “luxury” includes hotel brands such as Park Hyatt ® , Four Seasons ® , Mandarin Oriental ® , Ritz-Carlton ® , St. Regis ® and W Hotels ® ; the category of “upper upscale” includes hotel brands such as Hyatt ® , Hyatt Regency ® , Grand Hyatt ® , Hilton ® , Marriott ® , Renaissance ® , Sheraton ® and Westin ® ; and the category of “upscale” includes hotels such as Hyatt Place ® , Courtyard by Marriott ® , Hilton Garden Inn ® , Residence Inn by Marriott ® and Wyndham ® .

“Full-service” hotels generally have a restaurant, lounge facilities and a meeting space as well as minimum service levels often including bell service and room service. “Select-service” hotels have limited food and beverage outlets and do not offer comprehensive business or banquet facilities, but rather are suited to serve smaller business meetings.“Extended-stay” hotels are hotels generally designed to accommodate guests staying for extended periods of time and typically provide rooms with fully equipped kitchens, entertainment systems, office spaces with computer and telephone lines, access to fitness centers and other amenities.

Summary risk factors

You should carefully consider the matters discussed in the “Risk factors” section beginning on page 11 of this prospectus prior to deciding whether to invest in our common shares. Some of these risks include:

 

 

We have no operating history and may not be able to successfully operate our business or generate sufficient operating cash flows to make or sustain distributions to our shareholders. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we will be able to invest the proceeds of the offering on acceptable terms, or at all.

 

 

We currently own no properties and have not committed any portion of the net proceeds of the offering to any specific acquisition, making this a blind pool investment opportunity. Investors will not be able to evaluate the economic merits of any acquisitions we make with the net proceeds of the offering. In addition, we can change our investment policy at any time without seeking approval from our shareholders.

 

 

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Failure of the US economy and the lodging industry to improve may adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan, generate revenues, attain profitability and make distributions to our shareholders, as well as adversely affect the market price of our common shares. There can be no assurance as to whether, or when, lodging industry fundamentals will in fact improve, or to what extent they will improve.

 

 

Our failure to qualify as a REIT would have significant adverse consequences to us, the value of our common shares and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

 

 

While we intend to target an overall debt level of up to 50% of the aggregate purchase prices of all our portfolio properties, our governing documents contain no limitations on the amount of debt we may incur, and our board of trustees may change our financing policy at any time without shareholder approval. Debt service obligations may reduce cash available for distribution to shareholders, operations, capital expenditures and future business purposes.

 

 

We depend on the efforts and expertise of our president and chief executive officer and our executive vice president, chief financial officer, treasurer and secretary to manage our day-to-day operations and strategic business direction. The loss of their services, and our inability to find suitable replacements, could have an adverse effect on our operations.

 

 

Because our senior executive officers will have broad discretion to invest the proceeds of the offering, they may make investments where the returns are substantially below expectations or which result in net operating losses.

 

 

Our ability to maintain distributions to our shareholders is subject to fluctuations in our financial performance, operating results and capital improvements requirements.

 

 

Until our portfolio of assets generates sufficient income and cash flow, we may be required to use proceeds from future equity or debt offerings, sell assets or borrow funds to make quarterly distributions to our shareholders.

 

 

Our returns depend on effective management of our hotels by third parties.

Formation transactions

We refer to the following series of transactions as our formation transactions:

 

 

We will sell 12,500,000 common shares in the offering (plus up to an additional 1,875,000 common shares upon the exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option).

 

 

Concurrently with the offering, in separate private placements, we will sell (1) up to 4.9% of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, but in no event more than $20 million of our common shares, to Hyatt, and (2) up to 9.8% of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, but in no event more than $25 million of our common shares, to Baron, in each case, excluding common shares that may be sold pursuant to the underwriters’ overallotment option, and at the IPO price per share, less the greater of the underwriting discount or 6%. We also will sell an aggregate of 150,000 common shares to our non-executive chairman, our president and chief executive officer and our executive vice president, chief financial officer, treasurer and secretary at the IPO price per share. We will enter into registration rights agreements with each of Hyatt and Baron pursuant to which we

 

 

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will agree to register the resale of their respective common shares upon their request made no earlier than six months from the closing of the offering. Hyatt and Baron and their respective permitted transferees also will possess customary piggyback registration rights under these agreements. See “Shares eligible for future sale — Registration rights.” The closing of the concurrent private placements is expected to occur on the same day as the offering and is contingent upon the completion of the offering. The offering is not contingent upon the closing of the concurrent private placements.

 

 

We will contribute the net proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements referred to above to our operating partnership. We will act as sole general partner of our operating partnership.

 

 

We will repay a $249,000 loan from Messrs. Francis and Vicari, plus accrued interest, the proceeds of which we used to fund our operating costs and certain costs of the offering, and we will repurchase the shares purchased by each of them in connection with our initial capitalization for aggregate consideration of $1,000, at the same price they paid for these shares.

Benefits to affiliates

 

 

Approximately $250,000 of the net proceeds from the offering will be used to repay loans and accrued interest from Messrs. Francis and Vicari, the proceeds of which we used to fund our operating costs and the costs of the offering.

 

 

Upon completion of the offering, we will repurchase the shares currently held by Messrs. Francis and Vicari at the same price they paid to acquire those shares in connection with our initial capitalization, representing an aggregate of $1,000.

 

 

The total shares granted to our executive officers and non-executive trustees upon completion of the offering will be adjusted so that the total number of shares granted (both time-based and performance-based) will be equal to approximately 2.5% of the total number of shares sold in the IPO plus the total number of shares sold in the concurrent private placements. Assuming the sale of 12,500,000 shares at a price of $20.00 per share in this offering and the sale of an aggregate of 2,200,092 additional shares in the concurrent private placements, we expect to grant 153,000 time-based restricted shares to Mr. Francis, 102,000 time-based restricted shares to Mr. Vicari and 40,000 time-based restricted shares to D. Rick Adams, our senior vice president and chief investment officer, with such shares having an approximate value of $3,060,000, $2,040,000 and $800,000 respectively. The restrictions on the shares will lapse at the rate of one-third of the number of shares per year commencing on the first anniversary of the closing of the offering. Dividends will be paid on the time-based restricted shares when declared and paid on our common shares generally. In addition, under these same assumptions, we expect to grant 40,000 performance-based restricted shares to Mr. Francis and 25,000 performance-based restricted shares to Mr. Vicari. The restrictions on these shares will lapse upon our achievement of specified performance metrics. Dividends will accrue on performance-based restricted shares that remain subject to vesting, but will only be paid if the shares vest.

 

 

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Our structure

In order for the income from our hotel operations to constitute “rents from real property” for purposes of the gross income test required for REIT qualification, we cannot directly operate any of our hotels. Instead, we must lease our hotels. Accordingly, we will lease each of our hotels to a taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS, which will be wholly owned by our operating partnership, which initially will be wholly-owned by us. Our TRS will pay rent to us that can qualify as “rents from real property,” provided that the TRS engages an “eligible independent contractor” to manage our hotels. Our TRS will be subject to corporate level income taxes. In connection with each acquisition, we expect our TRS will engage a qualified hotel management company to manage the hotel or hotels we acquire.

The following chart shows the structure of our company following completion of the offering, the concurrent private placements and the grants to be made upon completion of the offering under our Equity Plan:

LOGO

 

*   Investment includes an aggregate of 150,000 shares purchased by our non-executive chairman and certain executive officers in concurrent private placements. Grant includes 368,500 shares granted under our Equity Plan to our executive officers and trustees.

 

 

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The offering

 

Common shares offered

12,500,000 shares (plus up to an additional 1,875,000 common shares upon the exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option)

 

Common shares to be outstanding upon completion of the offering

15,068,592 shares (1)(2)

 

Use of proceeds

We intend to use approximately $250,000 of the net proceeds from the offering and the concurrent private placements to repay Messrs. Francis and Vicari for loans and accrued interest, which funded our operating costs and costs related to the offering, and to repurchase the shares acquired by them in connection with our initial capitalization. We intend to use the remaining net proceeds to fund acquisitions of hotel properties and to cover our working capital needs in a manner consistent with our investment strategy. See “Use of proceeds.”

 

Distribution policy

We intend over time to make quarterly distributions to holders of our common shares out of our earnings. To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we intend to make annual distributions to our shareholders of at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments and excluding net capital gains (which does not necessarily equal net income as calculated in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or U.S. GAAP). The timing and frequency of distributions will be authorized by our board of trustees and declared by us based upon a variety of factors deemed relevant by our trustees. Our ability to pay distributions to our shareholders will depend, in part, upon our receipt of rent payments with respect to our properties from our TRS and the management of our hotel properties and the hotel management companies that our TRS will engage to operate our hotels. Distributions to our shareholders generally will be taxable to our shareholders as ordinary income; however, because our initial investment strategy is to acquire hotel properties for cash, which will result in depreciation and non-cash charges against our income, a portion of our distributions may constitute a tax-free return of capital. Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, our TRS may retain any after-tax earnings. See “Distribution policy.”

 

Proposed New York Stock Exchange symbol

“CHSP”

 

Risk factors

Investing in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. You should carefully read and consider the information set forth under the heading “Risk factors” beginning on page 11 of this prospectus and other information included in this prospectus.

 

 

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(1)   Excludes (i) up to 1,875,000 shares issuable upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option and (ii) 366,505 shares issuable in the future under the Chesapeake Lodging Trust Equity Plan, or the Equity Plan.

 

(2)  

Includes (i) common shares issued to Hyatt and Baron of up to 4.9% and 9.8%, respectively, of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, (ii) 150,000 common shares issued to our non-executive chairman and certain of our executive officers and (iii) 368,500 restricted common shares granted under our Equity Plan to our executive officers and trustees concurrently with the closing of the offering.

Corporate information

We were organized June 12, 2009 as a Maryland real estate investment trust under the name Crown Hospitality Trust, and we changed our name to Chesapeake Lodging Trust, effective September 23, 2009. We have no operating history, and we have not committed any portion of the net proceeds of the offering or the concurrent private placements to any specific investment. Chesapeake Lodging, L.P. is our operating partnership that will own all of our assets and conduct our operations, and which initially will be wholly owned by us.

We intend to elect to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes prior to the completion of the offering and to elect to and qualify to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31, 2009. REITs are subject to a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that they currently distribute at least 90% of their taxable income (excluding net capital gains). If we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax on that portion of our ordinary income or net capital gain that is currently distributed to our shareholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Even if we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we may be subject to certain U.S., foreign, state and local taxes on our income and property and to U.S. federal income and excise taxes on our undistributed income and certain other categories of income, and our TRS will be a fully taxable corporation, subject to U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax, if applicable, on their income.

Our corporate offices are located at 710 Route 46 East, Suite 206, Fairfield, NJ 07004. Our telephone number is (201) 970-2559. We maintain a website at www.chesapeakelodgingtrust.com. Our reference to our website is intended to be an inactive textual reference only. Information contained on our website is not, and should not be interpreted to be, part of this prospectus.

Historical performance

Our senior executive officers served in similar capacities for Highland from its initial public offering in December 2003 through its sale in July 2007. The total return information presented under “Our business—Our team” and the tables under “Prior performance of Highland Hospitality Corporation” in this prospectus set forth information regarding the historical performance of Highland. The information about Highland’s historical performance is a reflection of the past performance of Highland and is not a guarantee or prediction of the returns that we may achieve in the future. This is especially true for us given the current conditions in the lodging industry. If those conditions do not improve, we likely will not be able to generate returns comparable to those produced by Highland. Accordingly, Highland’s historical returns should not be viewed as indicative of the performance of our strategy, and we can offer no assurance that we will replicate the historical performance of Highland. Our returns could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by Highland.

 

 

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Risk factors

An investment in our common shares involves significant risks. In addition to other information in this prospectus, you should carefully consider the following factors before investing in our common shares offered hereby. The occurrence of any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make cash distributions to our shareholders, which could cause you to lose all or a significant part of your investment in our common shares. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements.”

Risks related to our business

We have no operating history and may not be able to successfully operate our business or generate sufficient operating cash flows to make or sustain distributions to our shareholders.

We were organized in June 2009 and have no operating history. We have no assets and will only commence operations upon completion of the offering. Our ability to make or sustain distributions to our shareholders will depend on many factors, including the availability of attractive acquisition opportunities that satisfy our investment strategies and our success in identifying and consummating them on favorable terms, the level and volatility of interest rates, readily accessible short-term and long-term financing on favorable terms and conditions in the financial markets, the real estate market and the economy, as to which no assurance can be given. In addition, we may face competition in acquiring attractive properties. We cannot assure you that we will be able to acquire properties with attractive returns or will not seek properties with greater risk to obtain the same level of returns or that the value of our properties in the future will not decline substantially. We also may not be able to successfully operate our business or implement our operating policies and strategies successfully. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that we will be able to generate sufficient operating cash flows to pay our operating expenses and make distributions to our shareholders.

We have not yet identified any specific properties to acquire and, therefore, you will be unable to evaluate the allocation of net proceeds from the offering and the concurrent private placements or the economic merits of our acquisitions prior to making an investment decision.

We have not yet identified any specific properties to acquire for our portfolio and, thus, you will be unable to evaluate the allocation of the net proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements or the economic merits of our acquisitions before making an investment decision with respect to our common shares. As a result, we may use the net proceeds from these offerings to make investments with which you may not agree. In addition, our investment policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our board of trustees, without a vote of our shareholders. These factors will increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in our common shares. The failure of our senior executive officers to apply these proceeds effectively or find suitable properties to acquire in a timely manner or on acceptable terms could result in returns that are substantially below expectations or result in losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Until appropriate investments can be identified, our senior executive officers may invest the net proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements in interest-bearing short-term

 

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investments, including money market accounts and/or U.S. treasury securities, that are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. These investments are expected to provide a lower net return than we will seek to achieve from acquisitions of our target assets. We may be unable to invest the remaining net proceeds on acceptable terms, or at all, which could delay shareholders receiving a return on their investment. Moreover, because we will not have identified these future investments at the time of the offering, we will have broad authority to invest the excess proceeds of the offering in any real estate investments that we may identify in the future.

We cannot assure you that we will be able to identify assets that meet our investment objectives, that we will be successful in consummating any investment opportunities we identify or that one or more investments we may make using the net proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements will generate revenue, income or cash flow. Although we intend to invest our proceeds in hotel properties in up to six months after the completion of the offering, we cannot assure you we will be able to do so. Our inability to do any of the foregoing likely would materially and adversely affect our results of operations and cash flows and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Because our senior executive officers will have broad discretion to invest the proceeds of the offering, they may make investments where the returns are substantially below expectations or which result in net operating losses.

Our senior executive officers will have broad discretion, within the general investment criteria established by our board of trustees, to invest the net proceeds of the offering and to determine the timing of such investment. In addition, our investment policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our board of trustees, without a vote of our shareholders. Such discretion could result in investments that may not yield returns consistent with investors’ expectations.

Our success depends on key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed.

We depend on the efforts and expertise of our president and chief executive officer and our executive vice president, chief financial officer, treasurer and secretary to manage our day-to-day operations and strategic business direction. The loss of their services, and our inability to find suitable replacements, could have an adverse effect on our operations.

We may not succeed in managing our growth, in which case our financial results could be adversely affected.

Upon completion of the offering, Messrs. Francis, Vicari and Adams will be our only employees. Our ability to grow our business depends upon our senior executive officers’ business contacts and their ability to successfully hire, train, supervise and manage additional personnel. We may not be able to hire and train sufficient personnel or develop management, information and operating systems suitable for our expected growth. If we are unable to manage any future growth effectively, our operations and financial results could be adversely affected.

If Paramount Hotel Group is unable or unwilling to continue providing our technology platform and information systems, our business may be disrupted which could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

We currently rely on the technology platform and information systems provided by Paramount Hotel Group, with which Mr. Vicari formerly served as principal. Paramount Hotel Group is under no obligation to continue providing such technological support to us for any period of time. Although we intend to establish our own information technology platform promptly after the

 

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completion of the offering, we may be unable to do so on the timeframe we expect. Without adequate access to technology, our business may be disrupted, which could cause us to incur added costs and divert the attention of management and thereby adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

Failure of the lodging industry to exhibit improvement may adversely affect our ability to execute our business plan.

A substantial part of our business plan is based on our belief that the lodging markets in which we intend to invest will experience improving economic fundamentals in the future. In particular, our business strategy is dependent on our expectation, based on the HVS lodging industry outlook and forecast described in more detail under the caption “U.S. lodging industry” beginning on page 40 of this prospectus, that key industry performance indicators, especially RevPAR, will begin to improve in 2010 and industry performance will accelerate for several years following 2011. There can be no assurance as to whether, or when, lodging industry fundamentals will in fact improve or to what extent they improve. In the event conditions in the industry do not improve when and as we expect, or deteriorate, our ability to execute our business plan may be adversely affected.

If we fail to realize any benefits from our sourcing agreement with Hyatt, we may not be able to grow our business as rapidly as we prefer.

We consider Hyatt’s potential willingness to refer potential acquisition opportunities to us, in Hyatt’s sole discretion, to be an important component of our sourcing relationship with Hyatt. Under the terms of our agreement with it, however, Hyatt is not obligated to refer any of these opportunities to us. Moreover, although we are obligated to offer Hyatt the right to manage or franchise any unbranded properties we may acquire, nothing in our agreement requires Hyatt to accept any offer we make. As a result, we may not realize the benefits of this agreement in full or at all. Realizing fewer acquisition opportunities from Hyatt than we expect may slow the pace of our growth, which could adversely affect our financial performance.

Our returns could be negatively impacted if our third party hotel managers do not manage our properties in our best interests.

Since U.S. federal income tax laws restrict REITs and their subsidiaries from operating or managing a hotel, we will not operate or manage our hotels. Instead, we will lease substantially all of our hotels to subsidiaries of our “taxable REIT subsidiary” under applicable REIT laws, and our TRS, through its subsidiaries, will retain third-party managers to operate our hotels pursuant to management agreements. Our cash flow from the hotels may be adversely affected if our managers fail to provide quality services and amenities or if they or their affiliates fail to maintain a quality brand name. In addition, our hotel managers or their affiliates may manage, and in some cases may own, have invested in or provided credit support or operating guarantees to hotels that compete with our hotels, which may result in conflicts of interest. As a result, our hotel managers may make decisions regarding competing lodging facilities that are not or would not be in our best interests.

We will not have the authority to require any hotel to be operated in a particular manner or to govern any particular aspect of the daily operations of any hotel (for instance, setting room rates). Thus, even if we believe our hotels are being operated inefficiently or in a manner that does not result in satisfactory occupancy rates, RevPAR and ADR, we may not be able to force the management company to change its method of operation of our hotels. We generally will attempt

 

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to resolve issues with our managers through discussions and negotiations. However, if we are unable to reach satisfactory results through discussions and negotiations, we may choose to litigate the dispute or submit the matter to third-party dispute resolution. We can only seek redress if a management company violates the terms of the applicable management agreement with the TRS, and then only to the extent of the remedies provided for under the terms of the management agreement. In the event that we need to replace any of our management companies, we may be required by the terms of the management agreement to pay substantial termination fees and may experience significant disruptions at the affected hotels.

Funds spent to maintain franchisor operating standards or the loss of a franchise license may reduce cash available for shareholder distributions.

We expect that many of our hotels will operate under franchise agreements, and we may become subject to the risks that are found in concentrating our hotel properties in several franchise brands. These risks include reductions in business following negative publicity related to one of our brands.

The maintenance of the franchise licenses for our hotels is subject to our franchisors’ operating standards and other terms and conditions. We expect that our franchisors will periodically inspect the hotels that we acquire to ensure that we and our lessees and management companies follow their standards. Failure by us, our TRS or one of our management companies to maintain these standards or other terms and conditions could result in a franchise license being canceled. If a franchise license terminates due to our failure to make required improvements or to otherwise comply with its terms, we may also be liable to the franchisor for a termination payment, which will vary by franchisor and by hotel. As a condition of our continued holding of a franchise license, a franchisor could also possibly require us to make capital expenditures, even if we do not believe the capital improvements are necessary or desirable or will result in an acceptable return on our investment. Nonetheless, we may risk losing a franchise license if we do not make franchisor-required capital expenditures.

If a franchisor terminates the franchise license, we may try either to obtain a suitable replacement franchise or to operate the hotel without a franchise license. The loss of a franchise license could materially and adversely affect the operations or the underlying value of the hotel because of the loss of associated name recognition, marketing support and centralized reservation systems provided by the franchisor. A loss of a franchise license for one or more hotels could materially and adversely affect our revenues. This loss of revenues could, therefore, also adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and cash available for distribution to shareholders.

Our ability to maintain distributions to our shareholders is subject to fluctuations in our financial performance, operating results and capital improvements requirements.

As a REIT, we are required to distribute at least 90% of our taxable income (excluding net capital gains) each year to our shareholders. In the event of future downturns in our operating results and financial performance or unanticipated capital improvements to our hotels, including capital improvements which may be required by our franchisors, we may be unable to declare or pay distributions to our shareholders. The timing and amount of distributions are in the sole discretion of our board of trustees which will consider, among other factors, our financial performance, debt service obligations and debt covenants, and capital expenditure requirements. We cannot assure you that we will continue to generate sufficient cash in order to fund distributions.

 

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Among the factors which could adversely affect our results of operations and our distributions to shareholders are the failure of our TRS to make required rent payments because of reduced net operating profits or operating losses, increased debt service requirements and capital expenditures at our hotels, including capital expenditures required by the franchisors of our hotels. Among the factors which could reduce the net operating profits of our TRS are decreases in hotel revenues and increases in hotel operating expenses. Hotel revenue can decrease for a number of reasons, including increased competition from a new supply of hotel rooms and decreased demand for hotel rooms. These factors can reduce both occupancy and room rates at our hotels.

We will lease all of our hotels to our TRS. This TRS will be subject to hotel operating risks, including risks of sustaining operating losses after payment of hotel operating expenses, including management fees. These risks can adversely affect the net operating profits of our TRS, our operating expenses and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

If we are unable to obtain debt on attractive terms or at all, we may be unable to execute our business strategy, which could adversely affect our growth prospects and future shareholder returns.

Part of our business strategy involves the use of debt financing to supplement our investment capital. We intend to target an overall debt level of up to 50% of the aggregate purchase prices of all our portfolio properties. We are currently negotiating with a number of financial institutions, including with affiliates of certain of our underwriters in this offering, to obtain a corporate credit facility, although there can be no assurance that we will be able to obtain such a credit facility on attractive terms or at all. Our failure to obtain such a facility on attractive terms could adversely impact our ability to execute our business strategy, which could adversely affect our growth prospects and future shareholder returns.

Compliance with covenants in our proposed debt instruments may limit our freedom to operate our business and impair our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

We expect that the terms of our proposed corporate credit facility will require us to comply with customary financial and other covenants, including covenants that:

 

 

require us to maintain minimum levels of tangible net worth;

 

 

prevent us from employing leverage in excess of a percentage of our total asset value;

 

 

require us to maintain a minimum ratio of adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization, or EBITDA, to fixed charges;

 

 

prohibit us from making annual distributions to our shareholders in excess of 90% of our funds from operations, or FFO, over time, except for such distributions as may be required to enable us to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes or may be required to eliminate all federal income tax and excess tax liability;

 

 

impose concentration limitations on the value and other characteristics of assets comprising the collateral pool securing the facility; and

 

 

limit our ability to engage in a change in control transaction without causing the amounts outstanding under the credit facility to become immediately due and payable.

 

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These restrictions may interfere with our ability to obtain financing or to engage in other business activities, which may inhibit our ability to grow our business and increase revenues. If we fail to comply with any of these requirements, then the related indebtedness, and any other debt containing cross-default or cross-acceleration rights for our lenders, could become immediately due and payable. We cannot assure you that we could pay all of our debt if it became due, or that we could continue in that instance to make distributions to our shareholders and maintain our REIT qualification.

If we incur substantial debt or are unable to repay or refinance our debt, we may be unable to make distributions to our shareholders and our share price may be adversely affected.

We and our subsidiaries may incur substantial additional debt, including secured debt, in the future. Incurring debt could subject us to many risks, including the risks that:

 

 

our cash flow from operations will be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest;

 

 

our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;

 

 

we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flow from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our shareholders, funds available for operations and capital expenditures, future business opportunities or other purposes;

 

 

the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of the debt being refinanced; and

 

 

the terms of our debt may limit our ability to make distributions to our shareholders and therefore adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

If we obtain debt in the future and do not have sufficient funds to repay our debt at maturity, it may be necessary to refinance this debt through additional debt financing, private or public offerings of debt securities, or additional equity financings. If we are unable to refinance our debt on acceptable terms, we may be forced to dispose of hotel properties on disadvantageous terms, potentially resulting in losses adversely affecting cash flow from operating activities. We may place mortgages on our hotel properties to secure our debt. To the extent we cannot meet our debt service obligations, we risk losing some or all of those properties to foreclosure.

Interest expense on our debt may limit our cash available to fund our growth strategies and shareholder distributions.

Higher interest rates could increase debt service requirements on floating rate debt, to the extent we have any, and could reduce funds available for operations, distributions to our shareholders, future business opportunities or other purposes.

Failure to hedge effectively against interest rate changes may adversely affect our results of operations and our ability to make shareholder distributions.

We may obtain in the future one or more forms of interest rate protection—in the form of swap agreements, interest rate cap contracts or similar agreements—to hedge against the possible negative effects of interest rate fluctuations. However, we cannot assure you that any hedging will adequately relieve the adverse effects of interest rate increases or that counterparties under these agreements will honor their obligations thereunder. In addition, we may be subject to risks

 

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of default by hedging counterparties. Adverse economic conditions could also cause the terms on which we borrow to be unfavorable. We could be required to liquidate one or more of our hotel investments at times which may not permit us to receive an attractive return on our investments in order to meet our debt service obligations.

Joint venture investments could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on a co-venturer’s financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturers.

We may co-invest in the future with third parties through partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring non-controlling interests in or sharing responsibility for managing the affairs of a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. In such event, we would not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. Investments in partnerships, joint ventures or other entities may, under certain circumstances, involve risks not present were a third party not involved, including the possibility that partners or co-venturers might become bankrupt or fail to fund their share of required capital contributions. Partners or co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with our business interests or goals, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, because neither we nor the partner or co-venturer would have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and partners or co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or trustees from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, actions by, or disputes with, partners or co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the partnership or joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may in certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our third party partners or co-venturers.

The historical returns attributable to Highland should not be considered indicative of our future results or of any returns expected on an investment in our common shares.

We have presented in this prospectus under the sections entitled “Our business—Our team” and “Prior performance of Highland Hospitality Corporation” information relating to the historical performance of Highland. Although we intend to invest in similarly positioned hotel properties as Highland, we expect our investments will have an even sharper focus on upper upscale properties located within the top 25 MSAs, and to pursue a financing strategy that is similar in many respects to the financing strategy employed by Highland, investors should not assume that they will experience returns, if any, comparable to those experienced by investors in Highland. Moreover, Highland operated under market conditions that may differ materially from market conditions that will exist at the time we make investments. Accordingly, the past performance of Highland is not a guarantee or prediction of the returns that we may achieve in the future, and should not be viewed as indicative of the performance of our investment strategy. We can offer no assurance that we will be able to replicate the historical performance of Highland.

Risks related to the hotel industry

Current economic conditions may adversely affect the lodging industry.

The performance of the lodging industry has historically been closely linked to the performance of the general economy and, specifically, growth in U.S. GDP. It is also sensitive to business and personal discretionary spending levels. Declines in corporate budgets and consumer demand due

 

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to adverse general economic conditions, risks affecting or reducing travel patterns, lower consumer confidence or adverse political conditions can lower the revenues and profitability of our future hotel properties and therefore the net operating profits of our TRS. The current global economic downturn has led to a significant decline in demand for products and services provided by the lodging industry, lower occupancy levels and significantly reduced room rates.

We anticipate that recovery of demand for products and services provided by the lodging industry will lag an improvement in economic conditions. We cannot predict how severe or prolonged the global economic downturn will be or how severe or prolonged the lodging industry downturn will be. A further extended period of economic weakness would likely have an adverse impact on our revenues and negatively affect our profitability.

Our ability to make distributions to our shareholders may be affected by various operating risks common to the lodging industry.

Our hotel properties will be subject to various operating risks common to the lodging industry, many of which are beyond our control, including the following:

 

 

competition from other hotel properties in our markets;

 

 

over-building of hotels in our markets, which will adversely affect occupancy and revenues at the hotels we acquire;

 

 

dependence on business and commercial travelers and tourism;

 

 

increases in energy costs and other expenses affecting travel, which may affect travel patterns and reduce the number of business and commercial travelers and tourists;

 

 

increases in operating costs due to inflation and other factors that may not be offset by increased room rates;

 

 

changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances;

 

 

adverse effects of international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions;

 

 

unforeseen events beyond our control, such as terrorist attacks, travel related health concerns, including pandemics and epidemics such as H1N1 influenza (swine flu), avian bird flu and SARS, political instability, regional hostilities, imposition of taxes or surcharges by regulatory authorities, travel related accidents and unusual weather patterns, including natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis or earthquakes;

 

 

adverse effects of a downturn in the lodging industry; and

 

 

risks generally associated with the ownership of hotel properties and real estate, as we discuss in detail below.

These factors could reduce the net operating profits of our TRS, which in turn could adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Our investment opportunities and growth prospects may be affected by competition for acquisitions.

We compete for investment opportunities with other entities, some of which have substantially greater financial resources than we do. This competition may generally limit the number of

 

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suitable investment opportunities offered to us, which may limit our ability to grow. This competition may also increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell to us, making it more difficult for us to acquire new properties on attractive terms or at all.

Our revenues and cash available for shareholder distributions may be affected by the seasonality of the hotel industry.

The hotel industry is seasonal in nature. This seasonality can be expected to cause quarterly fluctuations in our revenues. Our quarterly earnings may be adversely affected by factors outside our control, including weather conditions and poor economic factors. As a result, we may have to enter into short-term borrowings in certain quarters in order to offset these fluctuations in revenues and to make distributions to our shareholders.

The cyclical nature of the lodging industry may cause fluctuations in our operating performance.

The lodging industry is highly cyclical in nature. Fluctuations in lodging demand and, therefore, operating performance, are caused largely by general economic and local market conditions, which subsequently affects levels of business and leisure travel. In addition to general economic conditions, new hotel room supply is an important factor that can affect the lodging industry’s performance and overbuilding has the potential to further exacerbate the negative impact of an economic recession. Room rates and occupancy, and thus RevPAR, tend to increase when demand growth exceeds supply growth. Although we believe that supply growth peaked in late 2008 to early 2009, and that lodging demand will begin to rebound in late 2010 to early 2011, no assurances can be made. The continued decline in lodging demand beyond late 2010 to early 2011, or a continued growth in lodging supply, could result in returns that are substantially below expectations or result in losses, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Our concentration in particular segments of a single industry limits our ability to offset the risks of an industry downturn, which could adversely affect our operating performance and cash available for shareholder distributions.

Our entire business is hotel-related. Therefore, a continued or future downturn in the lodging industry, in general, and the upper upscale segments in which we intend to focus our operations, in particular, will have a material adverse effect on our lease revenues and the net operating profits of our TRS and amounts available for distribution to our shareholders.

The ongoing need for capital expenditures at our hotel properties may limit our ability to make shareholder distributions.

Our hotel properties will have an ongoing need for renovations and other capital improvements, including replacements, from time to time, of furniture, fixtures and equipment. The franchisors of our hotels also will require periodic capital improvements as a condition of keeping the franchise licenses. In addition, our lenders will likely require that we set aside annual amounts for capital improvements to our hotel properties. These capital improvements may give rise to the following risks:

 

 

possible environmental problems;

 

 

construction cost overruns and delays;

 

 

a possible shortage of available cash to fund capital improvements and the related possibility that financing for these capital improvements may not be available to us on affordable terms; and

 

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uncertainties as to market demand or a loss of market demand after capital improvements have begun.

The costs of all these capital improvements could adversely affect our financial condition and amounts available for distribution to our shareholders.

Hotel development is subject to timing, budgeting and other risks. To the extent we acquire hotel properties that are under development, these risks may adversely affect our operating results and our ability to make distributions to shareholders.

We may acquire hotel properties that are under development from time to time as suitable opportunities arise, taking into consideration general economic conditions. Hotel properties involve a number of development risks, including risks associated with:

 

 

construction delays or cost overruns that may increase project costs;

 

 

receipt of zoning, occupancy and other required governmental permits and authorizations;

 

 

development costs incurred for projects that are not pursued to completion;

 

 

acts of God such as earthquakes, hurricanes, floods or fires that could adversely impact a project;

 

 

ability to raise capital; and

 

 

governmental restrictions on the nature or size of a project.

To the extent we invest in hotel properties under development, we cannot assure you that any development project will be completed on time or within budget. The developer’s inability to complete a project on time or within budget may adversely affect the hotel’s projected operating results and impair our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

The hotel business is capital-intensive and our inability to obtain financing could limit our growth.

Our hotel properties will require periodic capital expenditures and renovation to remain competitive. Acquisitions or development of additional hotel properties will require significant capital expenditures. We may not be able to fund capital improvements or acquisitions solely from cash provided from our operating activities because we must distribute at least 90% of our taxable income (net of capital gains) each year to maintain our qualification as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, our ability to fund capital expenditures, acquisitions or hotel development through retained earnings is very limited. Consequently, we rely upon the availability of debt or equity capital to fund hotel acquisitions and improvements. Our ability to grow through acquisitions or development of hotels will be limited if we cannot obtain satisfactory debt or equity financing which will depend on market conditions. Neither our declaration of trust nor our bylaws limits the amount of debt that we can incur. However, we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain additional equity or debt financing or that we will be able to obtain such financing on favorable terms.

The increasing use of Internet travel intermediaries by consumers may adversely affect our profitability.

Some of our hotel rooms will be booked through Internet travel intermediaries, including, but not limited to, Travelocity.com, Expedia.com and Priceline.com. As these Internet bookings

 

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increase, these intermediaries may be able to obtain higher commissions, reduced room rates or other significant contract concessions from us and our management companies. Moreover, some of these Internet travel intermediaries are attempting to offer hotel rooms as a commodity, by increasing the importance of price and general indicators of quality (such as “three-star downtown hotel”) at the expense of brand identification. These agencies hope that consumers will eventually develop brand loyalties to their reservations system rather than to the brands under which our properties will be franchised. Although most of the business for our hotels is expected to be derived from traditional channels, if the amount of sales made through Internet intermediaries increases significantly, room revenues may flatten or decrease and our profitability may be adversely affected.

Future terrorist attacks or changes in terror alert levels could adversely affect our growth strategies, our ability to obtain financing, our ability to insure our properties and our overall financial condition.

Previous terrorist attacks in the United States and subsequent terrorist alerts have adversely affected the travel and hospitality industries over the past several years. The impact that terrorist attacks in the United States or elsewhere could have on domestic and international markets and our business in particular is indeterminable. It is possible that such attacks or the threat of such attacks could have a material adverse effect on our business, our ability to finance our business, our ability to insure our properties and/or our results of operations and financial condition as a whole.

Uninsured and underinsured losses could adversely affect our operating results and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

We intend to maintain comprehensive insurance on each of the hotel properties that we acquire, including liability, fire and extended coverage, of the type and amount we believe are customarily obtained for or by hotel owners. Various types of catastrophic losses, like earthquakes and floods, losses from foreign terrorist activities such as those on September 11, 2001, or losses from domestic terrorist activities such as the Oklahoma City bombing on April 19, 1995, may not be insurable or may not be economically insurable. Initially, we do not expect to obtain terrorism insurance on the hotel properties we acquire because it is costly. Lenders may require such insurance and our failure to obtain such insurance could constitute a default under loan agreements. Depending on our access to capital, liquidity and the value of the properties securing the affected loan in relation to the balance of the loan, a default could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and ability to obtain future financing.

In the event of a substantial loss, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover the full current market value or replacement cost of our lost investment. Should an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occur, we could lose all or a portion of the capital we have invested in a hotel or resort, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the hotel or resort. In that event, we might nevertheless remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the property. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors might also keep us from using insurance proceeds to replace or renovate a hotel after it has been damaged or destroyed. Under those circumstances, the insurance proceeds we receive might be inadequate to restore our economic position on the damaged or destroyed property.

 

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Noncompliance with governmental regulations could adversely affect our operating results.

Environmental matters

Our hotel properties will be subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws. Under these laws, courts and government agencies have the authority to require us, as the owner of a contaminated property, to clean up the property, even if we did not know of or were not responsible for the contamination. These laws also apply to persons who owned a property at the time it became contaminated. In addition to the costs of cleanup, environmental contamination can affect the value of a property and, therefore, an owner’s ability to borrow funds using the property as collateral or to sell the property. Under the environmental laws, courts and government agencies also have the authority to require that a person who sent waste to a waste disposal facility, such as a landfill or an incinerator, pay for the cleanup of that facility if it becomes contaminated and threatens human health or the environment. A person that arranges for the disposal or transports for disposal or treatment of a hazardous substance at a property owned by another may be liable for the costs of removal or remediation of hazardous substances released into the environment at that property.

Furthermore, various court decisions have established that third parties may recover damages for injury caused by property contamination. For instance, a person exposed to asbestos while staying in a hotel may seek to recover damages if he or she suffers injury from the asbestos. Lastly, some of these environmental laws restrict the use of a property or place conditions on various activities. An example would be laws that require a business using chemicals (such as swimming pool chemicals at a hotel property) to manage them carefully and to notify local officials that the chemicals are being used.

The costs to clean up a contaminated property, to defend against a claim or to comply with environmental laws could be material and could adversely affect the funds available for distribution to our shareholders. We can make no assurances that (1) future laws or regulations will not impose material environmental liabilities or (2) the current environmental condition of our future hotel properties will not be affected by the condition of the properties in the vicinity of our future hotel properties (such as the presence of leaking underground storage tanks) or by third parties unrelated to us.

Americans with Disabilities Act and other changes in governmental rules and regulations

Under the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990, or the ADA, all public accommodations must meet various federal requirements related to access and use by disabled persons. Compliance with the ADA’s requirements could require removal of access barriers, and non-compliance could result in the U.S. government imposing fines or in private litigants winning damages. If we are required to make substantial modifications to the hotels that we acquire, whether to comply with the ADA or other changes in governmental rules and regulations, our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make distributions to our shareholders could be adversely affected.

 

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General risks related to the real estate industry

Illiquidity of real estate investments could significantly impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties and harm our financial condition.

Because real estate investments are relatively illiquid, our ability to promptly sell one or more hotel properties in our portfolio in response to changing economic, financial and investment conditions may be limited. The real estate market is affected by many factors that are beyond our control, including:

 

 

adverse changes in international, national, regional and local economic and market conditions;

 

 

changes in interest rates and in the availability, cost and terms of debt financing;

 

 

changes in governmental laws and regulations, fiscal policies and zoning ordinances and the related costs of compliance with laws and regulations, fiscal policies and ordinances;

 

 

the ongoing need for capital improvements, particularly in older structures;

 

 

changes in operating expenses; and

 

 

civil unrest, acts of God, including earthquakes, floods and other natural disasters, which may result in uninsured losses, and acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of the terrorist acts such as those that occurred on September 11, 2001.

We may decide to sell any hotels we acquire in the future. We cannot predict whether we will be able to sell any hotel property for the price or on the terms set by us, or whether any price or other terms offered by a prospective purchaser would be acceptable to us. We also cannot predict the length of time needed to find a willing purchaser and to close the sale of a hotel property.

We may be required to expend funds to correct defects or to make improvements before a hotel property can be sold. We cannot assure you that we will have funds available to correct those defects or to make those improvements. In acquiring a hotel property, we may agree to lock-out provisions that materially restrict us from selling that property for a period of time or impose other restrictions, such as a limitation on the amount of debt that can be placed or repaid on that property. These factors and any others that would impede our ability to respond to adverse changes in the performance of our properties could have a material adverse effect on our operating results and financial condition, as well as our ability to pay distributions to shareholders.

Increases in our property taxes would adversely affect our ability to make distributions to our shareholders.

Each of our hotels will be subject to real and personal property taxes. These taxes on our hotel properties may increase as tax rates change and as the properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. If property taxes increase, our ability to make distributions to our shareholders would be adversely affected.

Risks related to our organization and structure

Our rights and the rights of our shareholders to take action against our trustees and officers are limited, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions not in your best interests.

Under Maryland law generally, a trustee is required to perform his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an

 

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ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. Under Maryland law, trustees are presumed to have acted with this standard of care. In addition, our declaration of trust limits the liability of our trustees and officers to us and our shareholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:

 

 

actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or

 

 

active and deliberate dishonesty by the trustee or officer that was established by a final judgment as being material to the cause of action adjudicated.

Our declaration of trust obligates us to indemnify our trustees and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Our bylaws require us to indemnify each trustee or officer, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service to us. In addition, we are obligated under our declaration of trust and bylaws to pay and advance the defense costs that may be incurred by our trustees and officers. As a result, we and our shareholders may have more limited rights against our trustees and officers than might otherwise exist absent the current provisions in our declaration of trust and bylaws or that might exist with other companies.

Failure to make required distributions would subject us to tax.

In order for U.S. federal corporate income tax not to apply to earnings that we distribute, each year we must pay out to our shareholders in distributions at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, subject to certain adjustments and excluding any net capital gain. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed REIT taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our shareholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under U.S. federal tax laws. Our only source of funds to make these distributions comes from distributions that we receive from our operating partnership. Accordingly, we may be required to borrow money or sell assets to make distributions sufficient to enable us to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid U.S. federal corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax in a particular year.

Failure to qualify as a REIT, or failure to remain qualified as a REIT, would subject us to U.S. federal income tax and potentially to state and local taxes.

We have been organized and we intend to operate in a manner that will enable us to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2009. Although we do not intend to request a ruling from the IRS as to our REIT qualification, we have received an opinion of our outside counsel, Hogan & Hartson LLP, with respect to our qualification as a REIT in connection with the offering. Investors should be aware, however, that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS or any court. The opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP represents only the view of our counsel based on our counsel’s review and analysis of existing law and on certain representations as to factual matters and covenants made by us, including representations relating to the values of our assets and the sources of our income. The opinion is expressed as of the date issued. Hogan & Hartson LLP has no obligation to advise us or the holders of our common shares of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed, or of any subsequent change in applicable law. Furthermore, both the validity of the opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP, and our qualification as a REIT, depend on our

 

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satisfaction of certain asset, income, organizational, distribution, shareholder ownership and other requirements on a continuing basis, the results of which will not be monitored by Hogan & Hartson LLP.

The REIT qualification requirements are extremely complex and interpretations of the U.S. federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT are limited. Accordingly, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in operating so we can qualify, or remain qualified, as a REIT. At any time, new legislation, administrative guidance, or court decisions, in each case possibly with retroactive effect, may make it more difficult or impossible for us to qualify as a REIT.

Our ability to satisfy the asset tests depends upon our analysis of the characterization and fair market values of our assets, some of which are not susceptible to a precise determination, and for which we will not obtain independent appraisals. Our compliance with the REIT income and quarterly asset requirements also depends upon our ability to successfully manage the composition of our income and assets on an ongoing basis. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our interests in subsidiaries or in securities of other issuers will not cause a violation of the REIT requirements.

If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates, and dividends paid to our shareholders would not be deductible by us in computing our taxable income. In addition, we could, in certain circumstances, be required to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Internal Revenue Code to maintain our qualification as a REIT. We might need to borrow money or sell hotels in order to pay any such tax. Unless we are entitled to relief under certain Internal Revenue Code provisions, we could not re-elect REIT status until the fifth calendar year after the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.

Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends, which could adversely affect the value of our common shares if they are perceived as less attractive investments.

The maximum tax rate applicable to income from “qualified dividends” payable to U.S. shareholders that are individuals, trusts and estates has been reduced by legislation to 15% (through 2010). Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates. Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or dividends payable by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are individuals, trusts and estates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common shares.

If our leases are not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.

To qualify as a REIT, we will be required to satisfy two gross income tests, pursuant to which specified percentages of our gross income must be passive income, such as rent. For the rent paid pursuant to the hotel leases with our TRS, which we anticipate will constitute substantially all of our gross income, to qualify for purposes of the gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes and must not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. We intend to structure our leases so that the

 

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leases will be respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but there can be no assurance that the IRS will agree with this characterization. If the leases were not respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes, we would not be able to satisfy either of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs and likely would lose our REIT status.

If our hotel managers do not qualify as “eligible independent contractors,” we would fail to qualify as a REIT.

Rent paid by a lessee that is a “related party tenant” of ours will not be qualifying income for purposes of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs. We expect to lease substantially all of our hotels to our TRS. So long as any TRS lessee qualifies as a TRS, it will not be treated as a “related party tenant” with respect to our properties that are managed by a qualifying independent hotel management company. We believe that our TRS will qualify to be treated as a TRS for U.S. federal income tax purposes, but there can be no assurance that the IRS will not challenge the status of a TRS for U.S. federal income tax purposes or that a court would not sustain such a challenge. If the IRS were successful in disqualifying our TRS from treatment as a TRS, it is possible that we would fail to meet the asset tests applicable to REITs and substantially all of our income would fail to qualify for the gross income tests. If we failed to meet either the asset or gross income tests, we would likely lose our REIT qualification for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

If our hotel managers do not qualify as “eligible independent contractors,” we would fail to qualify as a REIT. Each of the hotel management companies that enters into a management contract with our TRS, including Hyatt, must qualify as an “eligible independent contractor” under the REIT rules in order for the rent paid to us by our TRS to be qualifying income for our REIT income test requirements. Among other requirements, in order to qualify as an eligible independent contractor a manager must not own more than 35% of our outstanding shares (by value) and no person or group of persons can own more than 35% of our outstanding shares and the ownership interests of the manager, taking into account only owners of more than 5% of our shares and, with respect to ownership interests in such managers that are publicly traded, only holders of more than 5% of such ownership interests. Complex ownership attribution rules apply for purposes of these 35% thresholds. Although we intend to monitor ownership of our shares by our property managers and their owners, there can be no assurance that these ownership levels will not be exceeded.

Provisions of our declaration of trust may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of our company, even if our shareholders believe the change of control is in their best interest.

Common share and preferred share ownership limits

Our declaration of trust provides that no person may directly or indirectly own more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the aggregate outstanding common shares or more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the aggregate preferred shares of each class or series outstanding from time to time. These ownership limitations may prevent an acquisition of control of our company by a third party without our board of trustees’ approval, even if our shareholders believe the change of control is in their interest.

Authority to issue shares of beneficial interest

Our declaration of trust authorizes our board of trustees to issue up to 400,000,000 common shares and up to 100,000,000 preferred shares without approval of our shareholders. Issuances of

 

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additional shares may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company, including transactions at a premium over the market price of our shares, even if shareholders believe that a change of control is in their interest.

Certain provisions of Maryland law could inhibit changes in control

Certain provisions of Maryland Law may have the effect of deterring a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change in control under circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common shares with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of our common shares. We are subject to the “business combination” provisions of Maryland law that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between us and an “interested shareholder” (defined generally as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of our then outstanding voting shares or an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of our then outstanding voting shares) or an affiliate thereof for five years after the most recent date on which the shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between us and an interested shareholder generally must be recommended by our board of trustees and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (1) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our outstanding voting shares; and (2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the outstanding voting shares of our company other than shares held by the interested shareholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested shareholder. These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if our common shareholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for its shares. These provisions of Maryland law do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a board of trustees prior to the time that the interested shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. Pursuant to the statute, our board of trustees has by resolution exempted business combinations between us and any other person, provided that such business combination is first approved by our board of trustees (including a majority of our trustees who are not affiliates or associates of such person).

Further, under our declaration of trust, a trustee may be removed at any time, but only with cause, at a meeting of the shareholders by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds of the shares then outstanding and entitled to vote generally in the election of trustees.

The “control share” provisions of Maryland law provide that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation (defined as shares which, when aggregated with other shares controlled by the shareholder (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), entitle the shareholder to exercise one of three increasing ranges of voting power in electing trustees) acquired in a “control share acquisition” (defined as the direct or indirect acquisition of ownership or control of “control shares”) have no voting rights except to the extent approved by our shareholders by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding votes entitled to be cast by the acquiror of control shares, our officers and our personnel who are also our trustees. Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our common shares. There can be no assurance that this provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

 

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The “unsolicited takeover” provisions of Maryland law permit our board of trustees, without shareholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our declaration of trust or bylaws, to implement takeover defenses, some of which (for example, a classified board) we do not yet have. These provisions may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us under the circumstances that otherwise could provide the holders of our common shares with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then current market price. See “Certain provisions of Maryland law and of our declaration of trust and bylaws — Business combinations” and “Certain provisions of Maryland law and of our declaration of trust and bylaws — Control share acquisitions.”

Our ownership limitations may restrict or prevent you from engaging in certain transfers of our common shares.

In order to maintain our REIT qualification, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the U.S. federal income tax laws to include certain entities) at any time during the last half of each taxable year following our first year. To preserve our REIT qualification, our declaration of trust contains a common share ownership limit and a preferred share ownership limit. Generally, any common shares owned by affiliated owners will be added together for purposes of the common share ownership limit, and any shares of a given class or series of preferred shares owned by affiliated owners will be added together for purposes of the preferred share ownership limit.

If anyone transfers shares in a way that would violate the common share ownership limit or the preferred share ownership limit, or prevent us from continuing to qualify as a REIT under the U.S. federal income tax laws, those shares instead will be transferred to a trust for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and will be either redeemed by us or sold to a person whose ownership of the shares will not violate the common share ownership limit or the preferred share ownership limit. If this transfer to a trust fails to prevent such a violation or our continued qualification as a REIT, then the initial intended transfer shall be null and void from the outset. The intended transferee of those shares will be deemed never to have owned the shares. Anyone who acquires shares in violation of the common share ownership limit or the preferred share ownership limit or the other restrictions on transfer in our declaration of trust bears the risk of suffering a financial loss when the shares are redeemed or sold if the market price of our shares falls between the date of purchase and the date of redemption or sale.

Our ownership of our TRS will be limited and our transactions with our TRS will cause us to be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if those transactions are not conducted on arm’s-length terms.

A REIT may own up to 100% of the equity interest of an entity that is a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes if the entity is a TRS. A TRS may hold assets and earn income that would not be qualifying assets or income if held or earned directly by a REIT, including gross operating income from hotel operations pursuant to hotel management agreements. Both the subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a TRS. A corporation of which a TRS directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the stock will automatically be treated as a TRS. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more TRSs. In addition, the TRS rules limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a TRS to its parent REIT to assure that the TRS is subject to an

 

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appropriate level of corporate taxation. The rules also impose a 100% excise tax on certain transactions between a TRS and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.

Our TRS will pay U.S. federal, foreign, state and local income tax on its taxable income, and its after-tax net income will be available for distribution to us but is not required to be distributed by such TRS to us. We anticipate that the aggregate value of the stock and securities of our TRS will be less than 25% of the value of our total assets (including our TRS stock and securities). Furthermore, we will monitor the value of our investments in our TRS for the purpose of ensuring compliance with TRS ownership limitations. In addition, we will scrutinize all of our transactions with our TRS to ensure that they are entered into on arm’s-length terms to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with the 25% limitation discussed above or to avoid application of the 100% excise tax discussed above.

We may in the future choose to pay dividends in our common shares instead of cash, in which case shareholders may be required to pay income taxes in excess of the cash dividends they receive.

Although we have no current intention to do so, we may, in the future, distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and common shares at the election of each shareholder. Under Revenue Procedure 2009-15, up to 90% of any such taxable dividend for 2009 could be payable in our shares. Taxable shareholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, or E&P, for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, shareholders may be required to pay income taxes with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. shareholder sells the common shares that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our shares at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. shareholders, we may be required to withhold U.S. federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common shares. In addition, if a significant number of our shareholders determine to sell common shares in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may put downward pressure on the trading price of our common shares.

Further, while Revenue Procedure 2009-15 applies only to taxable dividends payable by us in cash or shares in 2009, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to pay taxable dividends in cash and common shares in later years. Moreover, various aspects of such a taxable cash/share dividend are uncertain and have not yet been addressed by the IRS. No assurance can be given that the IRS will not impose additional requirements in the future with respect to taxable cash/share dividends, including on a retroactive basis, or assert that the requirements for such taxable cash/share dividends have not been met.

Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge effectively and may cause us to incur tax liabilities.

The REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code substantially limit our ability to hedge our liabilities. Any income from a hedging transaction we enter into to manage risk of interest rate changes with respect to borrowings made or to be made to acquire or carry real estate assets does not constitute “gross income” for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income tests. To the extent that we enter into other types of hedging transactions, the income from those transactions is likely to be treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both of the gross

 

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income tests. See “Material U.S. federal income tax considerations—U.S. federal income taxation of Chesapeake Lodging Trust.” As a result of these rules, we intend to limit our use of advantageous hedging techniques or implement those hedges through a TRS. This could increase the cost of our hedging activities because our TRS would be subject to tax on gains or expose us to greater risks associated with changes in interest rates than we would otherwise want to bear. In addition, losses in our TRS will generally not provide any tax benefit, except for being carried forward against future taxable income in the TRS.

The ability of our board of trustees to revoke our REIT qualification without shareholder approval may cause adverse consequences to our shareholders.

Our declaration of trust provides that our board of trustees may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without the approval of our shareholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT. If we cease to be a REIT, we would become subject to U.S. federal income tax on our taxable income and would no longer be required to distribute most of our taxable income to our shareholders, which may have adverse consequences on our total return to our shareholders.

The ability of our board of trustees to change our major corporate policies may not be in your interest.

Our board of trustees determines our major corporate policies, including our acquisition, financing, growth, operations and distribution policies. Our board may amend or revise these and other policies from time to time without the vote or consent of our shareholders.

If we fail to implement and maintain an effective system of internal controls, we may not be able to accurately determine our financial results or prevent fraud. As a result, our shareholders could lose confidence in our financial results, which could harm our business and the market value of our common shares.

Effective internal controls are necessary for us to provide reliable financial reports and effectively prevent fraud. We may in the future discover areas of our internal controls that need improvement. Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 will require us to evaluate and report on our internal controls over financial reporting and have our independent auditors annually attest to our evaluation, as well as issue their own opinion on our internal control over financial reporting. While we intend to undertake substantial work to prepare for compliance with Section 404, we cannot be certain that we will be successful in implementing or maintaining adequate control over our financial reporting and financial processes. Furthermore, as we rapidly grow our business, our internal controls will become more complex, and we will require significantly more resources to ensure our internal controls remain effective. If we or our independent auditors discover a material weakness, the disclosure of that fact, even if quickly remedied, could reduce the market value of our common shares. Additionally, the existence of any material weakness or significant deficiency would require management to devote significant time and incur significant expense to remediate any such material weaknesses or significant deficiencies and management may not be able to remediate any such material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in a timely manner.

 

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Risks related to share ownership and the offering

We have not established a minimum distribution payment level, and we may be unable to generate sufficient cash flows from our operations to make distributions to our shareholders at any time in the future.

We are generally required to distribute to our shareholders at least 90% of our taxable income each year for us to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, which requirement we currently intend to satisfy. To the extent we satisfy the 90% distribution requirement but distribute less than 100% of our taxable income, we will be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. We have not established a minimum distribution payment level, and our ability to make distributions to our shareholders may be adversely affected by the risk factors described in this prospectus. Because we currently have no assets and will commence operations only upon completion of the offering, we may not have a portfolio of assets that generate sufficient income to be distributed to our shareholders. We will not use the proceeds from the offering to make distributions to our shareholders. Until our portfolio of assets generates sufficient income and cash flow, we may be required to use proceeds from future equity or debt offerings, sell assets or borrow funds to make quarterly distributions to our shareholders.

Subject to maintaining our REIT qualification, we intend over time to make regular quarterly distributions to our shareholders. Our board of trustees has the sole discretion to determine the timing, form and amount of any distributions to our shareholders. The amount of such distributions may be limited until we have a portfolio of income-generating assets. Our board of trustees will make determinations regarding distributions based upon, among other factors, our historical and projected results of operations, financial condition, cash flows and liquidity, maintenance of our REIT qualification and other tax considerations, capital expenditure and other expense obligations, debt covenants, contractual prohibitions or other limitations and applicable law and such other matters as our board of trustees may deem relevant from time to time. Among the factors that could impair our ability to make distributions to our shareholders are:

 

 

our inability to invest the proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements;

 

 

our inability to realize attractive risk-adjusted returns on our investments;

 

 

unanticipated expenses that reduce our cash flow or non-cash earnings;

 

 

defaults in our investment portfolio or decreases in the value of the underlying assets; and

 

 

the fact that anticipated operating expense levels may not prove accurate, as actual results may vary from estimates.

As a result, no assurance can be given that we will be able to make distributions to our shareholders at any time in the future or that the level of any distributions we do make to our shareholders will achieve a market yield or increase or even be maintained over time, any of which could materially and adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

In addition, distributions that we make to our shareholders will generally be taxable to our shareholders as ordinary income. However, a portion of our distributions may be designated by us as long-term capital gains to the extent that they are attributable to capital gain income recognized by us or may constitute a return of capital to the extent that they exceed our E&P as

 

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determined for tax purposes. A return of capital is not taxable, but has the effect of reducing the basis of a shareholder’s investment in our common shares.

We cannot assure you that a public market for our common shares will develop, which may limit your ability to liquidate your investment.

Prior to the offering, there has not been a public market for our common shares, and we cannot assure you that a regular trading market for the common shares offered hereby will develop or, if developed, that any such market will be sustained. In the absence of a public trading market, an investor may be unable to liquidate an investment in our common shares. The IPO price has been determined by us and the underwriters. We cannot assure you that the price at which the common shares will sell in the public market after the closing of the offering will not be lower than the price at which they are sold by the underwriters.

The market price of our equity securities may vary substantially, which may cause the value of your investment to fluctuate.

The trading prices of equity securities issued by REITs have historically been affected by changes in market interest rates. One of the factors that may influence the price of our shares in public trading markets is the annual yield from distributions on our common or preferred shares as compared to yields on other financial instruments. An increase in market interest rates, or a decrease in our distributions to shareholders, may lead prospective purchasers of our shares to demand a higher annual yield, which could reduce the market price of our equity securities.

Other factors that could affect the market price of our equity securities include the following:

 

 

actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly results of operations;

 

 

changes in market valuations of companies in the hotel or real estate industries;

 

 

changes in expectations of future financial performance or changes in estimates of securities analysts;

 

 

fluctuations in stock market prices and volumes;

 

 

issuances of common shares or other securities in the future;

 

 

the addition or departure of key personnel;

 

 

announcements by us or our competitors of acquisitions, investments or strategic alliances; and

 

 

unforeseen events beyond our control, such as terrorist attacks, travel related health concerns including pandemics and epidemics such as H1N1 influenza (swine flu), avian bird flu and SARS, political instability, regional hostilities, increases in fuel prices, imposition of taxes or surcharges by regulatory authorities, travel related accidents and unusual weather patterns, including natural disasters such as hurricanes, tsunamis or earthquakes.

The number of shares available for future sale could adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

We cannot predict whether future issuances of our common shares or the availability of shares for resale in the open market will decrease the market price of our common shares. Sales of substantial numbers of our common shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales might occur, could adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

 

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The exercise of the underwriter’s overallotment option, the exercise of any options or the vesting of any restricted shares granted to trustees, executive officers and other employees under our Equity Plan, the issuance of common shares or units in connection with property, portfolio or business acquisitions and other issuances of our common shares could have an adverse effect on the market price of our common shares. In addition, future issuances of our common shares may be dilutive to existing shareholders.

Upon the completion of the offering, we expect to have 15,068,592 common shares outstanding, including the common shares sold in the underwritten offering, 2,200,092 common shares sold in the concurrent private placements and 368,500 restricted common shares granted to our executive officers and trustees under our Equity Plan upon the completion of the offering, or 16,943,592 common shares if the underwriters’ overallotment option is exercised in full. Our Equity Plan provides for future grants of equity based awards covering up to an aggregate of 366,505 additional common shares.

We will enter into registration rights agreements with each of Hyatt and Baron pursuant to which we will agree to register the resale of their respective common shares owned by them and their respective permitted transferees, upon their request made no earlier than six months from the closing of the offering. In addition, subject to the exceptions and limitations set forth in the registration rights agreements, these holders will have unlimited piggyback registration rights pursuant to which they may request the inclusion of their shares in any registration statement we file for the purpose of registering sales of common shares for our account or the account of future shareholders.

Following the completion of the offering, we intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8 to register the total number of common shares that may be issued under our Equity Plan.

Future offerings of debt or equity securities ranking senior to our common shares may adversely affect the market price of our common shares.

If we decide to issue debt or equity securities in the future ranking senior to our common shares, it is possible that these securities will be governed by an indenture or other instrument containing covenants restricting our operating flexibility. Additionally, any convertible or exchangeable securities that we issue in the future may have rights, preferences and privileges more favorable than those of our common shares and may result in dilution to owners of our common shares. We and, indirectly, our shareholders, will bear the cost of issuing and servicing such securities. Because our decision to issue debt or equity securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings. Thus holders of our common shares will bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common shares and diluting the value of their share holdings in us.

 

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Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements

We make forward-looking statements in this prospectus that are subject to risks and uncertainties. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future results of our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, plans and objectives. Statements regarding the following subjects are forward-looking by their nature:

 

 

our business and investment strategy;

 

 

our forecasted operating results;

 

 

completion of any pending transactions;

 

 

our ability to obtain and maintain future financing arrangements;

 

 

our understanding of our competition;

 

 

market trends in our industry, interest rates, real estate values, the debt securities markets or the general economy;

 

 

projected capital expenditures and operating results;

 

 

use of the proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements; and

 

 

our expected leverage levels.

The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account all information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in our forward-looking statements. You should carefully consider this risk when you make an investment decision concerning our common shares. Additionally, the following factors could cause actual results to vary from our forward-looking statements:

 

 

the factors discussed in this prospectus, including those set forth under the sections titled “Risk factors,” “Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations” and “Our business”;

 

 

our ability to maintain our qualification as a REIT;

 

 

general volatility of the capital markets and the market price of our common shares;

 

 

changes in our business or investment strategy;

 

 

availability, terms and deployment of capital;

 

 

availability of and our ability to retain qualified personnel;

 

 

actions and initiatives of the U.S. government, changes to U.S. government policies and the execution and impact of these actions, initiatives and policies;

 

 

changes in our industry and the market in which we operate, interest rates or the general U.S. or international economy;

 

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economic trends and economic recoveries; and

 

 

the degree and nature of our competition.

When we use the words “will likely result,” “may,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “should,” “expect,” “believe,” “intend” or similar expressions, we intend to identify forward-looking statements. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. We are not obligated to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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Use of proceeds

We estimate that the net proceeds from the offering of 12,500,000 common shares pursuant to this prospectus, after deducting the initial underwriting discount (as described below), and estimated offering costs and expenses, will be approximately $             million. If the underwriters’ overallotment is exercised in full, our net proceeds from the offering will be approximately $             million.

All of the shares sold in this offering will be sold to the underwriters at $             per share, representing an initial discount to the underwriters of $             per share. We have agreed to pay the underwriters an additional $             per share, with respect to all shares sold in this offering when the capital deployment hurdle (as described herein) is satisfied. The capital deployment hurdle numerator is the cumulative acquisition of hotel properties, net of cash acquired (or substantially similar financial measures), that we will report in our statements of cash flows for all periods following the offering. The capital deployment hurdle denominator is net proceeds received from the offering and the concurrent private placements (including net proceeds received from any exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, but excluding any deferred underwriting compensation). The capital deployment hurdle is satisfied when the capital deployment hurdle numerator divided by the capital deployment hurdle denominator is greater than 50%. See “Underwriting.”

If we meet the capital deployment hurdle described above, we will pay the underwriters an additional underwriting discount equal to $             million in the aggregate (or $             million if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option in full). In such case, our total net proceeds from this offering would be approximately $             million (or, if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option in full, approximately $             million), after deducting the initial underwriting discount, the additional underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses. The additional underwriting discount is payable within five business days following our filing of a quarterly or annual report after the capital deployment hurdle is satisfied.

Concurrently with the offering, in separate private placements, we will sell (1) up to 4.9% of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, but in no event more than $20 million of our common shares, to Hyatt, and (2) up to 9.8% of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, but in no event more than $25 million of our common shares, to Baron, in each case, excluding common shares that may be sold pursuant to the underwriters’ overallotment option, and at the IPO price per share, less the greater of the underwriting discount or 6%. We also will sell an aggregate of 150,000 common shares to our non-executive chairman, our president and chief executive officer and our executive vice president, chief financial officer, treasurer and secretary at the IPO price per share. We will receive net proceeds of approximately $             million from the concurrent private placements.

We will contribute the net proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements to our operating partnership. Our operating partnership intends to subsequently use the net proceeds received from us as follows:

 

 

approximately $250,000 to repay Messrs. Francis and Vicari for loans and accrued interest which funded our operating costs and certain costs of the offering, and to repurchase the shares acquired by them in connection with our initial capitalization representing an aggregate of $1,000; and

 

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the remaining proceeds to fund investments in hotel properties in up to six months after the completion of the offering and to cover our working capital needs in a manner consistent with our investment strategy.

The value of the units that we will receive in exchange for our contribution of the net proceeds to the operating partnership will increase or decrease if our common share price increases or decreases.

Pending these uses, we intend to invest the net proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term investment grade securities or money-market accounts which are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. Such investments may include, for example, government and government agency certificates, certificates of deposit, interest-bearing bank deposits and mortgage loan participations. These investments are expected to provide a lower net return than we will seek to achieve from our target properties.

 

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Capitalization

The following table sets forth (1) our actual capitalization as of October 31, 2009, and (2) our capitalization as adjusted to reflect (i) the sale of 12,500,000 common shares in the offering at an assumed IPO price of $20.00 per share after deducting the underwriting discount and commissions and estimated organizational and offering expenses payable by us, (ii) the concurrent private placements to Hyatt and Baron of up to 4.9% and 9.8%, respectively, of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, in each case, at the IPO price per share, less the greater of the underwriting discount or 6%, (iii) the sale of an aggregate of 150,000 common shares to our non-executive chairman and certain of our executive officers at the IPO price per share, and (iv) the restricted share grants to be made to our officers and non-officer trustees concurrently with the closing of the offering. You should read this table together with “Use of proceeds” included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

As of October 31, 2009    Actual    As Adjusted (1)
        (Unaudited)
 

Shareholders’ Equity:

     

Common shares, par value $0.01 per share; 25,000,000 shares authorized, 100,000 shares issued and outstanding, actual and 400,000,000 shares authorized and 15,068,592 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted

   $ 1,000    $             

Preferred shares, par value $0.01 per share; 0 shares authorized and shares issued and outstanding, actual and 100,000,000 shares authorized and 0 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted

       

Additional paid in capital

       

Retained earnings

       

Total Shareholders’ Equity

   $ 1,000    $  
 

 

(1)  

Includes (a) common shares issued to Hyatt and Baron of up to 4.9% and 9.8%, respectively, of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, (b) an aggregate of 150,000 common shares issued to certain of our executive officers and trustees and (c) 368,500 restricted common shares granted to Messrs. Francis, Vicari and Adams and our non-officer trustees concurrently with the closing of the offering, but excludes (x) up to 1,875,000 shares issuable upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option and (y) 366,505 shares issuable in the future under our Equity Plan.

 

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Distribution policy

In order to qualify as a REIT, we must annually distribute to our shareholders an amount at least equal to:

 

(i)   90% of our REIT taxable income (determined before the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain); plus

 

(ii)   90% of the excess of our net income from foreclosure property over the tax imposed on such income by the Internal Revenue Code; less

 

(iii)   any excess non-cash income (as determined under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended).

See “Material U.S. federal income tax considerations.”

The timing and frequency of distributions will be authorized by our board of trustees and declared by us based upon a number of factors, including:

 

 

actual results of operations;

 

 

the timing of the investment of the proceeds of the offering;

 

 

debt service requirements;

 

 

capital expenditure requirements for our properties;

 

 

our taxable income;

 

 

the annual distribution requirement under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

 

our operating expenses; and

 

 

other factors that our board of trustees may deem relevant.

Our ability to make distributions to our shareholders will depend, in part, upon our receipt of distributions from our operating partnership, which may depend upon receipt of lease payments from our TRS, and, in turn, upon the management of our properties by the various managers our TRS will contract with to operate our hotels. Distributions to our shareholders generally will be taxable to our shareholders as ordinary income. Because our investment strategy is to acquire hotel properties, which will result in depreciation and non-cash charges against our income, a portion of our distributions may constitute a tax-free return of capital. Subject to maintaining our qualification as a REIT, we may retain any earnings that accumulate in our TRS.

Although we intend over time to make quarterly distributions to our shareholders in cash from our earnings, we may, from time to time, make distributions to our shareholders in our common shares. We will not use the proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements to make distributions to our shareholders, except to the extent necessary to meet the REIT qualification requirements or eliminate U.S. federal income tax liability. To the extent that, in respect of any calendar year, cash available for distribution is less than our net taxable income, we could be required to use proceeds from future equity or debt offerings, sell assets or borrow funds to make cash distributions or make a portion of the required distribution in the form of a taxable share distribution or distribution of debt securities.

 

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U.S. lodging industry

Overview.     Historically, the lodging industry in the United States has been cyclical in nature. Generally, lodging industry performance correlates with macroeconomic conditions in the United States. Fluctuations in lodging demand and, therefore, operating performance, are caused largely by general economic and local market conditions, which affect levels of business and leisure travel. Historically, recovery in demand for lodging has generally lagged improvement in the overall economy. In addition to general economic and local market conditions, new hotel room supply has the potential to further exacerbate the negative impact of an economic recession. Lodging supply growth is typically driven by overall lodging demand, as extended periods of strong demand growth tend to encourage new hotel development. However, the rate of supply growth is also influenced by a number of additional factors, including availability and cost of capital, construction costs and local market considerations.

Beginning in 2008, the U.S. lodging industry began experiencing a significant downturn due to a decline in consumer and business spending as a result of the overall weakness in the economy, particularly the turmoil in the credit markets, erosion of consumer confidence and increasing unemployment. As a result, lodging demand from both leisure and business travelers decreased significantly in 2008 and through the second quarter of 2009. This decreased demand for hotel rooms, together with recent modest increases in hotel supply, resulted in declines in occupancy and reductions in room rates as hotels competed more aggressively for guests. These events have had a substantial negative impact on RevPAR. According to HVS, the industry outlook indicates these trends are expected to continue for 2009, with RevPAR forecasted to decline 16.1% for the full year, a significantly larger decline than the two most recent lodging industry downturns in 1991 and 2001/2002. In addition, HVS forecasts a continued modest decline for 2010 annual RevPAR, however we expect lodging industry performance and, in particular, RevPAR to begin improving in the second half of 2010 due to increased demand given the forecasted resumption in growth of the U.S. economy. As a result, 2011 is expected to be the first full year of RevPAR growth and this improvement in industry performance is expected to accelerate for several years following 2011.

 

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Expected rebound in lodging demand.     As shown in the graph below, growth in hotel room demand has historically been correlated to growth in U.S. GDP. During the 20 year period from 1988 to 2008, demand for hotel rooms grew at an average annual rate of 1.9%, as compared to the 2.9% average annual growth rate in GDP during the same period. This period of overall growth was interrupted by a weakening economy and disruptions in travel activities in 2001. Beginning in 2002, lodging demand and GDP began to show signs of recovery. From 2002 to 2007, demand for hotel rooms grew at an average annual rate of 1.6%, while GDP increased by 2.6%. Although signs of weakness in demand again emerged in 2007, demand did not contract steeply until the fourth quarter of 2008 following a decline in GDP, at which point demand fell to a level 5.2% below the prior year. This steep contraction continued into the first half of 2009, tracking the continued decline in the economy. Lodging demand is expected to remain negative for 2009 and as economic growth resumes in 2010, we believe that overall demand will begin to improve in the second half of 2010, however on a full year basis it is expected to continue to contract, but at a slower rate. As economic growth accelerates in 2011, as reflected by expected GDP growth of 3.5%, lodging demand is expected to recover and grow by 3.0%. We expect the strengthening economy to drive further growth in 2012, 2013 and 2014, as shown in the graph below.

U.S. Lodging Industry—Annual Change in Room Demand and US Real GDP

LOGO

Source: Real GDP—1988A-2008A: Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2009E-2014E: IMF forecasts; Room Demand—1988A-2008A: Smith Travel Research, 2009E-2014E: HVS

 

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Supply constrained environment.     As reflected in the graph below, during the 20 year period from 1988 to 2008, new supply growth averaged 2.1% annually. While supply growth in 2008 and the outlook for 2009 is modestly above historical averages, we believe that supply growth peaked in late 2008 to early 2009. However, in comparison to the two most recent lodging industry downturns in 1991 and 2001/2002, the present downturn was preceded by a relatively modest supply increase. Historically, periods of weak hotel industry performance have been followed by a decrease in the growth of new hotel supply as the availability of new development capital declines. However, even as the economy and the hotel industry begin to improve and capital becomes more readily available, new development usually requires several years to complete and, therefore, supply growth typically lags behind demand growth. As a result, and given that in the current economic environment, financing has been limited due to the recession and tightening of credit availability, we expect new supply to remain constrained, particularly in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Therefore, even moderate increases in demand should translate into increases in hotel revenues and profitability.

U.S. Lodging Industry—Annual Change in Hotel Room Supply

LOGO

Source: 1988A-2008A: Smith Travel Research, 2009E-2015E: HVS

 

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Expected rebound in RevPAR.     Periods of greater RevPAR growth generally occur when room demand exceeds new supply growth. As reflected in the graph below, during the 20 year period from 1988 to 2008, industry annual RevPAR growth averaged 3.2%. Moreover, following the economic recessions in 1991 and 2001/2002, the lodging industry experienced nine consecutive years of positive RevPAR growth from 1992 through 2000 and five consecutive years of positive RevPAR growth from 2003 through 2007. During these two periods of sustained growth, average annual RevPAR growth was 4.5% and 6.1%, respectively.

Annual RevPAR declined in 2008 and is expected to decline significantly in 2009 and to decline modestly in 2010. Nonetheless, the U.S. lodging industry has shown resilience and strong long- term growth since 1988 and as business fundamentals continue to stabilize, lodging demand slowly increases and the United States and the rest of the world emerge from the current economic crisis, we believe that RevPAR will increase significantly, as it did following the 1991 and 2001/2002 economic recessions.

U.S. Lodging Industry—Annual Change in RevPAR, Room Demand and Room Supply

LOGO

Sources: 1988-2008A: Smith Travel Research, 2009E-2015E: HVS

 

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Our business

Overview

We are a self-advised hotel investment company organized in June 2009. We intend to focus our investments primarily in upper upscale hotels in major business, airport and convention markets and, on a selective basis, in premium select-service hotels in urban settings or unique locations in the United States. We believe current industry dynamics will create attractive opportunities to acquire high quality hotel properties, at prices well below replacement costs, with attractive yields on investment and significant upside potential.

Our senior executive officers have extensive experience in the lodging industry, including the acquisition, development, financing, repositioning, asset management and disposition of hotels. This experience includes founding Highland and leading its IPO and related formation transactions in 2003. Following the IPO, our senior executive officers served as chief executive officer and chief financial officer of Highland until its sale in July 2007. In addition to their service with Highland, our senior executive officers have held senior management and executive positions at several other publicly traded lodging companies such as Crestline Capital Corporation, Marriott International, Inc., Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Prime Hospitality Corporation.

We do not own any properties and have no agreement to acquire any property at this time. However, our senior executive officers have established and maintained a broad network of hotel industry contacts, including long-standing relationships with hotel owners, independent hotel managers, global hotel brands, hotel brokers, financiers and institutional investors that we believe will provide us with attractive acquisition opportunities. In addition, we have entered into a sourcing relationship with Hyatt that we believe will enhance our ability to execute our business strategy by potentially providing us with additional attractive acquisition opportunities. For a full description of our agreement with Hyatt, see “—Relationship with Hyatt.”

Upon completion of the offering, the concurrent private placements to Hyatt, Baron, our non-executive chairman and certain of our executive officers, and the related formation transactions described in this prospectus, we expect to have approximately $         million in cash available to execute our strategy. We also expect to incur indebtedness to supplement our investment capital. We intend to target an overall debt level of up to 50% of the aggregate purchase prices of all our portfolio properties.

We intend to elect and qualify to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2009.

Our team

The founding members of our management team are James L. Francis, our president and chief executive officer, and Douglas W. Vicari, our executive vice president, chief financial officer, treasurer and secretary. These senior executive officers have extensive management expertise and lodging industry experience with both public and private hospitality companies. During their careers, these senior executive officers have held senior management and executive positions as well as various finance, development, strategic and brand roles at major publicly traded lodging companies. In these roles, they have participated in numerous lodging-related transactions and assumed significant management responsibilities. This experience includes:

 

 

hotel investments, including single property and portfolio acquisitions;

 

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hotel and company level financings, such as single property and portfolio debt financings, including loans included in securitized transactions, public debt offerings, public and private equity offerings and corporate credit facilities;

 

 

hotel dispositions, including single property, portfolio and company dispositions; and

 

 

asset management, including extensive renovation and repositioning programs, as well as re-branding or changing hotel management of select properties.

Upon completion of the offering, Messrs. Francis, Vicari and Adams will be our only employees. We expect to expand our team to between 12-15 employees, with the exact number to be determined based on the size and growth of our portfolio of properties. Of that number, many, including a chief accounting officer, accounting support staff and a director of asset management, are expected to be hired within 30 days of the completion of the offering. We also intend to lease adequate office space in or near Annapolis, Maryland and to put in place information systems and technology to support our team.

From 2003 until 2007, while our senior executive officers served as the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of Highland, Highland acquired ownership interests in 30 hotel properties for approximately $1.3 billion of capital comprised primarily of upper upscale full-service hotels located in the top 25 MSAs and operated under nationally recognized brands such as Hyatt Regency ® , Hilton ® , Marriott ® , Sheraton ® and Westin ® . In early 2007, amid concerns of inflated asset valuations and increased competition for acquisitions potentially impairing its ability to successfully execute its strategic plan, Highland determined that it was in the best interest of the company and its stockholders to evaluate strategic alternatives. As a result, Highland undertook a process that led to its sale in July 2007 to affiliates of a private equity fund, JER Partners, at a price of $19.50 per share.

The following table depicts the returns generated in respect of one share of Highland common stock assuming the share was purchased in Highland’s December 2003 initial public offering at the IPO price of $10 per share and assuming reinvestment of all cash dividends paid by Highland on its common stock for all periods following its IPO in additional shares of common stock on the dividend payment date. As shown below, at the time of closing of the sale to the affiliate of JER Partners, one share purchased at the time of the IPO would have grown, through reinvestment, to 1.163 shares sold for $19.50 per share, or an equivalent value of $22.68, producing a total return of approximately 127% as compared to the IPO price of $10 per share. The information about Highland’s historical performance is a reflection of the past performance of Highland and is not a guarantee or prediction of our future returns.

 

Dividend Payment Date

   Dividend
Paid
   Closing
share price on dividend
payment date
   Shares acquired
through dividend
reinvestment
   Shares owned

7/15/2004

   $ 0.13    $ 10.65    0.012    1.012

10/15/2004

     0.09      11.81    0.008    1.020

1/14/2005

     0.14      10.94    0.013    1.033

4/15/2005

     0.14      10.31    0.014    1.047

7/15/2005

     0.14      11.24    0.013    1.060

10/14/2005

     0.14      10.41    0.014    1.074

1/13/2006

     0.14      11.19    0.013    1.088

4/14/2006

     0.16      12.12    0.014    1.102

7/14/2006

     0.18      13.36    0.015    1.117

10/13/2006

     0.19      14.56    0.015    1.132

1/12/2007

     0.22      14.51    0.017    1.149

4/13/2007

     0.23      18.35    0.014    1.163

 

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Relationship with Hyatt

We have entered into a sourcing relationship with Hyatt. Hyatt is a global hospitality company with widely recognized, industry leading brands. Hyatt manages, franchises, owns and develops Hyatt-branded hotels, resorts and residential and vacation ownership properties around the world. As of June 30, 2009, Hyatt’s worldwide portfolio consisted of 413 Hyatt-branded properties (119,509 rooms and units). Hyatt operates full service hotels under four world-recognized brands, Park Hyatt ® , Grand Hyatt ® , Hyatt Regency ® and Hyatt ® and recently introduced its fifth full-service brand, Andaz ® . Additionally, Hyatt operates two select-service brands, Hyatt Place ® and Hyatt Summerfield Suites ® (an extended stay brand).

We believe that our sourcing relationship with Hyatt will enhance our ability to execute our business strategy by potentially providing us with additional attractive acquisition opportunities. Pursuant to a sourcing agreement, we will, for three years following the completion of the offering, provide Hyatt with an exclusive right of first offer to manage or franchise each hotel we acquire, to the extent those properties are not operated under other brands and we determine that a brand relationship is desirable, and Hyatt may, in its sole discretion, identify and refer acquisition opportunities to us. We believe that our relationship with Hyatt will benefit our shareholders as a result of Hyatt’s strong brands and excellent hotel management services. We plan to continue to explore with Hyatt how to further our sourcing relationship in order to maximize the value of the relationship to both parties.

In addition, in order to streamline our process with Hyatt, we have negotiated a form of franchise agreement and a form of management agreement that we may use, subject to the completion of definitive agreements, to the extent we engage Hyatt through a management or franchise agreement. The terms of any particular management or franchise agreement with Hyatt may differ from these forms as a result of specific issues or conditions at the particular hotel property. Copies of these forms of agreement have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

Under the terms of the form management agreement, Hyatt will manage and operate a hotel property on behalf of our TRS lessee with an initial term that is expected to be 20 years, subject to two 10-year renewal options exercisable by Hyatt and our right to terminate the agreement after the fifth year of the initial term if the hotel property fails to meet levels of RevPAR and gross operating profit that will be negotiated separately for each property. As manager, Hyatt generally will have sole responsibility and exclusive authority for all activities necessary for the day-to-day operation of the hotel. In addition, Hyatt generally will provide all managerial and other employees for the hotels, oversee the operation and maintenance of the hotels, prepare

 

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reports, budgets and projections, and provide other administrative and accounting support services to the hotel. We have agreed under the form management agreement to pay Hyatt a base management fee equal to 3% of hotel revenues, and an incentive fee equal to 20% of the amount, if any, by which the hotel’s adjusted profit, as defined in the form management agreement, exceeds an 11% preferred return on our invested capital in the hotel. The form management agreement also allows Hyatt to charge our hotels for services that are generally furnished by Hyatt on a centralized basis.

Under the terms of the form franchise agreement, our TRS lessee will obtain the right to operate a hotel under a Hyatt brand for a 20-year term. The form franchise agreement generally specifies certain management, operational, record keeping, accounting, reporting and marketing standards and procedures with which the TRS lessee must comply. The form franchise agreement will obligate the TRS lessee to comply with Hyatt’s standards and requirements with respect to training of operational personnel, safety, maintaining specified insurance, the types of services and products ancillary to guest room services that may be provided, display of signs, and the type, quality and age of furniture, fixtures and equipment included in guest rooms, lobbies and other common areas.

The form franchise agreement also provides for termination at Hyatt’s option upon the occurrence of certain events, including the TRS lessee’s failure to pay royalties and fees or perform its other covenants pursuant to the franchise agreement, bankruptcy, abandonment of the franchise, commission of a felony, assignment of the franchise without the consent of Hyatt, or failure to comply with applicable law in the operation of the relevant hotel. The form franchise agreement generally will not renew automatically upon expiration. The TRS lessee will be responsible for making all payments pursuant to the franchise agreements to Hyatt. Pursuant to the form franchise agreement, the TRS lessee will pay a monthly royalty fee equal to 6% of room revenues and 3% of food and beverage revenues accrued during the prior month, plus additional fees for marketing, central reservation systems, and other franchisor costs that we expect generally will amount to between 3% and 4% of room revenues from the hotel.

Concurrently with the offering, we expect to sell to Hyatt up to 4.9% of the common shares to be outstanding after the offering, but in no event more than $20 million of our common shares. We believe that the equity stake in our company that Hyatt will acquire will serve to further align their interests with our interests, and may provide added incentive to Hyatt to help us to execute our business strategy.

Competitive strengths

We believe the following competitive strengths distinguish us from other owners, acquirors and investors in hotel properties:

Experienced management team :    A veteran management team with a proven track record and substantial lodging industry experience will enable us to effectively implement our business strategy by evaluating investment opportunities and deploying capital in hotels that provide attractive long-term returns. Our senior executive officers have previously worked together for a number of years and have extensive experience, having served as executives in several publicly traded lodging companies, including Highland, Marriott International, Inc., Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc., Crestline Capital Corporation and Prime Hospitality Corporation.

Extensive industry relationships :    Our senior management team has established and maintained a broad network of hotel industry contacts, including long-standing relationships with hotel

 

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owners, independent hotel managers, global hotel brands, hotel brokers, financiers, institutional investors and other key industry participants. We believe these broad industry relationships will provide us with a valuable source of potential hotel property investment opportunities.

Growth oriented capital structure with no legacy issues :    We believe that many institutional buyers of hotel assets will be constrained in their ability to make acquisitions over the next several years as they address the adverse effects of both a highly leveraged capital structure and declining operating performance on their existing portfolio. Unlike many of these potential buyers, we will be well capitalized, with no near-term debt maturities, liquidity constraints or distressed assets limiting management’s focus or ability to acquire assets. Following the offering, the concurrent private placements and the related formation transactions, we will have $         million of equity capital to execute our strategy.

Proven acquisition and disposition capabilities :    Throughout their careers, our senior executive officers have pursued investment strategies that include acquiring, developing, financing, repositioning and selling hotel properties. While our chief executive officer and chief financial officer worked together at Highland from its IPO in 2003 until its sale in 2007, Highland invested an aggregate of approximately $1.3 billion of capital in 30 hotel properties with over 9,000 rooms before Highland was sold. The sale resulted in a total return of 127% for one share purchased at the IPO price of $10 per share (assuming reinvestment of all cash dividends paid by Highland on its common stock for all periods following its IPO in additional shares of common stock on the dividend payment date). We may not be able to replicate Highland’s historical performance in the future.

Strategic relationship with Hyatt :    We have entered into a sourcing relationship with Hyatt, a global hospitality company with widely recognized, industry leading brands. We believe this relationship, as well as Hyatt’s strong brands and excellent hotel management services, will enhance our ability to execute our business strategy and potentially provide us with additional attractive acquisition opportunities. In addition, concurrently with the offering, we will sell to Hyatt up to 4.9% of the common shares to be outstanding after the offering, but in no event more than $20 million of our common shares. We believe that this equity stake will serve to align Hyatt’s interests with ours and may provide added incentive to help us to execute our business strategy. For a full description of our agreement with Hyatt, see “—Relationship with Hyatt.”

Market opportunity

We believe the next several years will present opportunities to acquire hotels during one of the most attractive investment environments in our senior executive officers’ 20-plus year professional careers. During the last several years, pricing of hotel properties in the United States appreciated well in excess of the properties’ underlying financial performance, primarily driven by record levels of debt financing. These market conditions drove significant growth in both hotel property-level transactions and privatizations of publicly traded hotel companies. According to HVS, from 2003 through 2008 there were approximately $63 billion of hotel property-level transactions, an amount roughly equal to the aggregate property level transaction volume over the 13 years prior to 2003. In addition, according to data provided by SNL Financial LC, since 2003 there have been approximately $54 billion of privatizations of publicly traded hotel companies. This significant transactional activity was supported by readily available debt financing at historically high loan-to-value ratios, provided mainly by traditional real estate lenders such as national and regional banks and insurance companies and also through the issuance of CMBS.

 

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Over the past 18 months, a significant correction in the price of hotel properties has been underway, primarily as a result of the impact of the economic downturn on the lodging industry. In addition, due to the widely publicized credit crisis, the CMBS market is virtually closed and many traditional lenders have seen their balance sheets impaired, resulting in a severe contraction in available debt financing for hotel properties.

We believe the combined effects of the severe decline in hotel operating performance, the lack of available debt financing from traditional real estate lenders and the decline in hotel property valuations will yield a high level of foreclosures, restructurings and distressed hotel asset sales. As shown in the graph below, the number of hotel defaults, foreclosures and properties in distress already has hit record levels. According to © Real Capital Analytics, Inc., as of September 2009 there were 1,127 hotel loans in distress, representing approximately $29.3 billion of outstanding balances, as compared to approximately $770 million in January 2008. We believe this distress will be further exacerbated as hotel owners face debt maturities at a time when industry performance has substantially declined and property values have declined (in some cases even below current debt balances), while replacement financing is limited.

We expect this widespread financial distress to result in a significant supply of hotel investment opportunities from a range of sellers, including national and regional banks, insurance companies, private equity funds, real estate mezzanine debt investors, hotel owners and CMBS special servicers. In addition to financial distress as a result of declining performance and debt requirements, we believe this increased supply of opportunities will also be driven by certain owners potentially facing the inability to meet franchisor-required capital expenditures. We expect to be well positioned to capitalize on these various opportunities to acquire hotel properties at deep discounts to replacement cost as a result of our liquidity and our senior executive officers’ acquisition experience.

U.S. Distressed Hotel Loans Volume ($ Billions)

LOGO

Source: ©Real Capital Analytics, Inc. (www.rcanalytics.com)

Note: Distress includes loans in foreclosure, bankruptcy, and restructured/modified statuses

 

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Our strategy

We believe the following investment criteria and strategy will promote the growth of our company and our ability to deliver strong total returns to our shareholders:

External growth.     We intend to focus our investments primarily in upper upscale hotels in major business, airport and convention markets and, on a selective basis, in premium select-service hotels in urban settings or unique locations in the United States. We believe these types of hotels currently offer the opportunity for stronger returns than hotels in other segments of the industry due to an expected increase in lodging demand, particularly among business travelers, given the forecasted resumption in growth of the U.S. economy starting in 2011.

We will pursue investment opportunities primarily in upper upscale hotel properties operating under national franchise brands, with which our executive officers have existing relationships, such as Hyatt ® , Hyatt Regency ® , Hilton ® , Marriott ® , Renaissance ® , Sheraton ® and Westin ® . In some instances, we will invest in premium select-service brands such as Hyatt Place ® , Courtyard by Marriott ® and Hilton Garden Inn ® or boutique hotels (unbranded) located in urban settings or unique locations.

We will seek to acquire primarily hotel properties that meet the following investment criteria:

 

 

Strong location:    hotel properties located in high barrier to entry markets in the top 25 MSAs, in close proximity to major market demand generators;

 

 

Market leaders:    hotel properties that are proven leaders in market share, setting the rates in the market and providing superior meeting space, services or amenities; and

 

 

Good condition:    hotel properties that are well-maintained, as determined based on our review of third party property condition reports and other data obtained during our due diligence process.

Additionally, we intend to pursue opportunities for:

 

 

Re-branding:    we will evaluate opportunities to re-brand certain hotels by determining which brands are available in the market, seeking to quantify the potential improvement in revenue generation and profitability and undertaking a cost/benefit analysis of investing capital to bring the property into compliance with the standards of the selected brand. We will analyze these opportunities by reviewing the revenue data of the local competitive set of hotels that are branded most similar to the proposed new brand for the property, which data we will obtain from a third party, Smith Travel Research. Based on this data, we will project the expected revenue for the property with the new brand and use hotel industry standards for profit margins to calculate potential profits. These additional profits will then be compared to the expected capital costs for the brand conversion to calculate a return on investment, which we will use to determine whether it is in our shareholders’ interests to undertake the re-branding project. Under our sourcing agreement with Hyatt, we will offer Hyatt the right to franchise each hotel we acquire and plan to re-brand.

 

 

Renovation:    we will consider properties that are in prime locations and are structurally sound, but have been neglected and can be purchased at attractive prices and renovated and reintroduced into the market at a cost significantly lower than what would have been spent to acquire a stabilized property or to develop a new hotel of similar quality. To assess whether to

 

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renovate a hotel property, we will compare the quality and conditions of the physical property and facilities of a target property to a local competitive set of hotels and then estimate renovation costs to upgrade the property to a competitive quality standard based on its local market. If the purchase price and projected renovation costs are lower than the projected cost to acquire a comparable property of similar quality or the costs to develop a new property, it could be an attractive acquisition and renovation opportunity.

 

 

New hotel property management:    we will investigate hotel management at underperforming properties to assess whether we can realize strong returns on our investment by acquiring the properties at an attractive price and replace the property’s manager with more highly qualified hotel managers. As part of our diligence efforts, we will assess this potential through a review of the operating performance of the property and comparison with its local competitive set and industry standards. It could be indicative of poor management if based on this review the property underperforms or it is our belief that it could perform better.

Internal growth.     We intend to aggressively asset manage the hotel properties we acquire by employing value-added strategies (such as re-branding, renovating or changing hotel management) designed to improve the operating performance and value of our hotels. We will not operate our hotel properties, but intend to engage reputable independent or brand management companies to operate our hotels. We intend to structure our hotel management agreements to allow us to closely monitor the performance of our hotels and to ensure, among other things, that our third-party managers: (1) implement an approved business and marketing plan; (2) implement a disciplined capital expenditure program; and (3) establish and prudently spend appropriate furniture, fixtures and equipment reserves.

Financing policy and strategy.     We expect to incur indebtedness to supplement our investment capital. We intend to target an overall debt level of up to 50% of the aggregate purchase prices of all our portfolio properties. Our board of trustees will review these limits on a regular basis and will have the ability to amend or modify them without shareholder approval. To the extent our board amends or modifies them in the future, we will disclose any such amendments or modifications to these debt financing policies in periodic reports that we will file or furnish with the SEC.

We are in discussions to obtain commitments from a lending syndicate for a secured revolving credit facility that we anticipate will be in place following completion of the offering. We expect that the proposed facility will be secured by the hotel properties we acquire and other assets, and will be fully recourse to our property-owning subsidiaries that are borrowers thereunder. The proposed facility will be used to fund hotel acquisitions, capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes. There is no assurance that we will be able to enter into a definitive agreement relating to this proposed credit facility on terms we find acceptable.

Beyond our anticipated corporate credit facility, we intend to use other financing methods as necessary, including but not limited to property mortgages, letters of credit and other arrangements, any of which may be unsecured or may be secured by mortgages or other interests in our assets. In addition, we may issue publicly or privately placed debt instruments. When possible and desirable, we will seek to replace short-term sources of capital with long-term financing.

Our indebtedness may be recourse or non-recourse and may be cross-collateralized. In addition, we may invest in properties subject to existing loans secured by mortgages or similar liens on our

 

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properties, or may refinance properties acquired on a leveraged basis. We may use the proceeds from any borrowings to acquire properties, refinance existing indebtedness, finance investments, or for general corporate purposes.

We will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and making financial decisions, including, among others, the following:

 

 

the interest rate of the proposed financing;

 

 

the extent to which the financing impacts our ability to asset manage our properties;

 

 

prepayment penalties and restrictions on refinancing;

 

 

our long-term objectives with regard to the financing;

 

 

our target investment returns;

 

 

the ability of particular properties, and our company as a whole, to generate cash flow sufficient to cover expected debt service payments;

 

 

our overall level of indebtedness;

 

 

timing of debt maturities;

 

 

provisions that require recourse and cross-collateralization;

 

 

corporate credit ratios including but not limited to debt service coverage, debt to total market capitalization and debt to undepreciated assets; and

 

 

overall ratio of fixed and variable rate debt.

Dividend and distribution policy.     We intend over time to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common shares out of our earnings, in amounts necessary to maintain our REIT qualification, eliminate our taxable income and avoid the 4% excise tax on undistributed net income. Subject to making any distributions necessary to maintain our REIT qualification and to eliminate U.S. federal income tax liability, we do not expect to be in a position to pay our first dividend until such time as we have generated sufficient earnings from our investments. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our shareholders an amount at least equal to:

 

(i)   90% of our REIT taxable income (determined before deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gains); plus

 

(ii)   90% of the excess of our net income from foreclosure property over the tax imposed on such income by the Internal Revenue Code; less

 

(iii)   any excess non-cash income (as determined under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code).

The timing and frequency of distributions will be authorized by our board of trustees and declared by us based on a number of factors including:

 

 

actual results of operations;

 

 

the timing of the investment of the proceeds of the offering;

 

 

debt service requirements;

 

 

capital expenditures requirements for our properties;

 

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our taxable income;

 

 

the annual distribution requirement under the REIT provisions of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

 

our operating expenses; and

 

 

other factors that our board of trustees may deem relevant.

Our ability to make distributions to our shareholders will depend, in part, upon our receipt of distributions from our operating partnership which in turn may depend upon receipt of lease payments from our TRS and its subsidiaries, and upon the management of our properties by the various managers that our TRS and its subsidiaries have contracted with to operate our properties. Distributions to our shareholders will generally be taxable to our shareholders as ordinary income. Because our investment strategy is to acquire hotel properties, which will result in depreciation and non-cash charges against our income, a portion of our distributions may constitute a tax-free return of capital. To the extent not inconsistent with maintaining our REIT status, we may retain any earnings that accumulate in our TRS.

Acquisition and asset management process

We intend to implement a disciplined acquisition and asset management process that involves significant attention from our senior executives at each step along the way.

Step 1: Origination and screening

We expect to identify investment opportunities through the extensive network of relationships that our senior executives have established in the lodging and hospitality industries, including contacts with independent hotel managers, global hotel brands, hotel brokers, financiers, institutional investors and other key industry participants. In addition, we may learn of additional opportunities through our sourcing agreement with Hyatt.

Following our initial contacts with potential sellers or their agents, we will screen the potential acquisition target by preparing a desktop pro forma and return analysis. In this step, we will compare the value of the targeted asset to our estimate of replacement cost. In addition, we will prepare summary projections and also project the internal rates of return we might be able to realize on the asset over five and 10 year investment hold periods on a leveraged and unleveraged basis. Only if the targeted asset meets our then-current investment parameters, which will be established by our senior executive officers and periodically reviewed by our board of trustees, will we proceed to Step 2 of our acquisition process.

Step 2: Initial due diligence and investment analysis

Once we identify a prospective investment, we will employ detailed financial modeling and analysis to assess the projected RevPAR and cash flow generation capabilities of the property as well as evaluate any debt service coverage characteristics if the property will be encumbered by existing debt. We intend to focus our analysis on current and projected cash flows and potential risks to cash flow such as those associated with occupancy and ADR concerns. We also will perform extensive market and property-level due diligence. The market research will incorporate analysis of market demographics, key fundamentals such as expected employment growth and population growth, comparable transactions and the competitive landscape. Our property-level analysis will focus on detailed revenue and expense projections as well as the projected capital needs of the hotel, including any related property improvement plan required by the existing or contemplated brand under which the hotel will operate following the acquisition. In cases where

 

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this analysis identifies the need to make significant capital investments in the property, we expect to engage third parties to conduct an engineering review and perform other work necessary to prepare a detailed assessment of the costs to renovate and operate the hotel.

In structuring prospective investments, we will evaluate the impact of the transaction on our broader capital structure. We also intend to set out a clear path to establish the optimal management, franchising and branding relationships at the outset of our ownership of a particular property.

Step 3: Board approval

Upon completion of our preliminary due diligence and a favorable decision by our senior executive officers to proceed with an investment, we will present the investment opportunity to our board of trustees. We will not acquire any hotel properties or make any investments without board approval. In discussing proposed transactions with our board, our senior executives will present the board with an analysis of each target property that provides an in-depth overview of the targeted asset, due diligence conducted, key financial metrics and analyses related to the property and the market in which it is located, as well as investment considerations and potential risk mitigants. Only after we receive board approval will we put money at risk in the form of a non-refundable deposit on a particular hotel property.

Step 4: Confirmatory due diligence / Closing process

As part of the closing process, we will work with outside legal counsel to complete legal due diligence (including title and insurance review) and document each investment. As is typical for hotel acquisitions, we expect to engage third party advisors and/or consultants to conduct an environmental review of the collateral and provide a Property Condition Report and Phase 1 Environmental Assessment. We will not proceed with any acquisition opportunity unless the results of these reviews are satisfactory to us.

Step 5: Asset management

After acquiring hotels, we intend to aggressively manage them through value-added strategies such as re-branding, renovating or changing hotel management as we determine necessary to increase the operating results and value of our hotel property investments. We expect that we will reassess the status of each hotel in our portfolio not less than quarterly to ensure that our current operating strategy maximizes our returns on investment from the asset.

For the income from our hotel operations to constitute “rents from real property” for purposes of the gross income test required for REIT qualification, we are required to lease each of our hotels to our TRS, which will be wholly owned by our operating partnership. Our TRS will pay rent to us that can qualify as “rents from real property,” provided that the TRS engages an “eligible independent contractor” to manage our hotels. Accordingly, in connection with each acquisition, we expect our TRS will engage a qualified hotel management company to manage each hotel. We intend to structure our hotel management agreements to allow us to closely monitor the performance of our hotels and to ensure, among other things, that our managers: (1) implement an approved business and marketing plan, (2) implement a disciplined capital expenditure program and (3) establish and prudently spend appropriate furniture, fixtures and equipment reserves.

 

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Hotel industry segments

Smith Travel Research, Inc. classifies the hotel industry into the following chain scales, as determined by each brand’s average system-wide daily rates: luxury, upper upscale, upscale, midscale with food and beverage, midscale without food and beverage, and economy. The category of “luxury” includes hotels such as Park Hyatt ® , Four Seasons ® , Mandarin Oriental ® , Ritz-Carlton ® , St. Regis ® , and W Hotels ® ; the category of “upper upscale” includes hotels such as Hyatt ® , Hyatt Regency ® , Grand Hyatt ® , Hilton ® , Marriott ® , Renaissance ® , Sheraton ® and Westin ® , and the category of “upscale” includes hotels such as Hyatt Place ® , Courtyard by Marriott ® , Hilton Garden Inn ® , Radisson ® , Residence Inn by Marriott ® and Wyndham ® .

“Full-service” hotels are generally with a restaurant, lounge facilities and meeting space as well as minimum service levels often including bell service and room service. “Select-service” hotels have limited food and beverage outlets and do not offer comprehensive business or banquet facilities, but rather are suited to serve smaller business meetings. “Extended-stay” hotels are hotels generally designed to accommodate guests staying for extended periods of time and typically provide rooms with fully equipped kitchens, entertainment systems, office spaces with computer and telephone lines, access to fitness centers and other amenities.

Top 25 metropolitan statistical areas

MSAs are defined by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget as one or more adjacent counties or county equivalents that have at least one urban core area of at least 50,000 population, plus adjacent territory that has a high degree of social and economic integration with the core as measured by commuting ties. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the following comprise the top 25 MSAs by population size as of July 1, 2008, the latest date for which data is available.

 

1.

  New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA   14.  

Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA

2.

 

Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA

  15.  

Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA

3.

 

Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI

  16.  

Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI

4.

 

Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX

  17.  

San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA

5.

  Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD   18.  

St. Louis, MO-IL

6.

 

Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX

  19.  

Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL

7.

 

Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL

  20.  

Baltimore-Towson, MD

8.

 

Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA

  21.  

Denver-Aurora, CO

9.

  Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV   22.  

Pittsburgh, PA

10.

 

Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH

  23.  

Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA

11.

 

Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI

  24.  

Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN

12.

 

Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ

  25.  

Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA

13.

 

San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA

   

 

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Legal proceedings

We are not involved in any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us.

Competition

We believe that competition for the acquisition of hotels is highly fragmented. We face competition from institutional pension funds, private equity investors, other REITs and numerous local, regional and national owners, including franchisors, in each of our markets. Some of these entities may have substantially greater financial resources than we do and may be able and willing to accept more risk than we can prudently manage. Competition generally may increase the bargaining power of property owners seeking to sell and reduce the number of suitable investment opportunities offered to us.

The hotel industry is highly competitive. Upon the acquisition of hotel properties, our hotels will compete with other hotels for guests in each market in which we will operate. Competitive advantage is based on a number of factors, including location, convenience, brand affiliation, room rates, range of services and guest amenities or accommodations offered and quality of customer service. Competition will often be specific to the individual markets in which our hotels will be located and includes competition from existing and new hotels operated under brands in the relevant segments. Increased competition could harm our occupancy, ADR and RevPAR, or may require us to provide additional amenities or make capital improvements that we otherwise would not have to make, which may reduce our profitability.

 

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Management’s discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations

You should read the following discussion in conjunction with the sections of this prospectus entitled “Risk factors,” “Cautionary note regarding forward-looking statements,” “Our business” and our audited balance sheet as of August 31, 2009, and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus. This discussion contains forward-looking statements reflecting current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Actual results and the timing of events may differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those discussed in the section entitled “Risk factors” and elsewhere in this prospectus.

Overview

We are a self-advised hotel investment company organized in June 2009. We intend to focus our investments primarily in upper upscale hotels in major business, airport and convention markets and, on a selective basis, in premium select-service hotels in urban settings or unique locations in the United States. We believe current industry dynamics will create attractive opportunities to acquire high quality hotel properties, at prices well below replacement costs, with attractive yields on investment and significant upside potential.

Our senior executive officers have extensive experience in the lodging industry, including the acquisition, development, repositioning, financing, asset management and disposition of hotels. This experience includes founding Highland and leading its IPO and related formation transactions in 2003. Following the IPO, our senior executive officers served as chief executive officer and chief financial officer of Highland until its sale in July 2007. In addition to their service with Highland, our senior executive officers have held senior management and executive positions at several other publicly traded lodging companies such as Crestline Capital Corporation, Marriott International, Inc., Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. and Prime Hospitality Corporation.

We do not own any properties and have no agreement to acquire any property at this time. However, our senior executive officers have established and maintained a broad network of hotel industry contacts, including long-standing relationships with hotel owners, independent hotel managers, global hotel brands, hotel brokers, financiers and institutional investors that we believe will provide us with attractive acquisition opportunities. In addition, we have entered into a sourcing relationship with Hyatt that we believe will enhance our ability to execute our business strategy by potentially providing us with additional attractive acquisition opportunities.

Upon completion of the offering, the concurrent private placements to Hyatt, Baron, our non-executive chairman and certain of our executive officers, and the related formation transactions described in this prospectus, we expect to have approximately $             million in cash available to execute our strategy. We also expect to incur indebtedness to supplement our investment capital. We intend to target an overall debt level of up to 50% of the aggregate purchase prices of all our portfolio properties.

We intend to elect and qualify to be treated as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes, commencing with our taxable year ending December 31, 2009.

 

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Liquidity and capital resources

We expect to meet our short-term liquidity requirements generally through net cash provided by operations, existing cash balances and, if necessary, short-term borrowings under anticipated lines of credit. Prior to the time that we acquire hotel properties, cash provided by operations may not be sufficient to cover our expected general and administrative expenses, in which case we may use cash on our balance sheet to fund any shortfalls. We believe that our net cash provided by operations will be adequate to fund operating requirements, pay interest on our borrowings and fund dividends in accordance with the REIT requirements of the U.S. federal income tax laws. We expect to meet our long-term liquidity requirements, such as new lodging investments, through the cash we will have available upon completion of the offering, the concurrent private placements and borrowings, and expect to fund other lodging investments and scheduled debt maturities and property acquisitions through long-term secured and unsecured borrowings and the issuance of additional equity or debt securities. The success of our investment strategy may depend, in part, on our ability to access additional capital through additional offerings.

We expect to incur indebtedness to supplement our investment capital. We intend to target an overall debt level of up to 50% of the aggregate purchase prices of all our portfolio properties. Our board of trustees will review these limits on a regular basis and will have the ability to amend or modify them without shareholder approval. To the extent our board amends or modifies them in the future, we will disclose any such amendments or modifications to these debt financing policies in periodic reports that we will file with the SEC.

We are in discussions to obtain commitments from a lending syndicate for a secured revolving credit facility that we anticipate will be in place following completion of the offering. We expect that the proposed facility will be secured by the hotel properties we acquire and other assets, and will be fully recourse to our property-owning subsidiaries that are borrowers thereunder. The proposed facility will be used to fund hotel acquisitions, capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes. There is no assurance that we will be able to enter into a definitive agreement relating to this proposed credit facility on terms we find acceptable.

Beyond our anticipated corporate credit facility, we intend to use other financing methods as necessary, including but not limited to, property mortgages, letters of credit and other arrangements, any of which may be unsecured or may be secured by mortgages or other interests in our assets. In addition, we may issue publicly or privately placed debt instruments. When possible and desirable, we will seek to replace short-term sources of capital with long-term financing.

Our indebtedness may be recourse or non-recourse and may be cross-collateralized. In addition, we may invest in properties subject to existing loans secured by mortgages or similar liens on our properties, or may refinance properties acquired on a leveraged basis. We may use the proceeds from any borrowings to acquire properties, refinance existing indebtedness, finance investments, or for general corporate purposes.

Inflation

Increases in the costs of operating our properties due to inflation could reduce the net operating profits of our TRS, which in turn, could inhibit the ability of our TRS to make required rent payments to us. Operators of hotels, in general, possess the ability to adjust room rates daily to reflect the effects of inflation. However, competitive pressures may limit the ability of our management companies to raise room rates.

 

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Seasonality

Depending on a hotel’s location and market, operations for the hotel may be seasonal in nature. This seasonality can be expected to cause fluctuations in our quarterly operating profits. To the extent that cash flow from operations is insufficient during any quarter, due to temporary or seasonal fluctuations in revenue, we expect to utilize cash on hand or borrowings under our anticipated credit facilities to make distributions to our equity holders.

Critical accounting policies

Our financial statements are prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP, which requires the use of estimates and assumptions that involve the exercise of judgment and use of assumptions as to future uncertainties. In accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, guidance, the following discussion addresses the accounting policies that we believe will apply to us based on our expectation of the nature of our initial operations. Our most critical accounting policies will involve decisions and assessments that could affect our reported assets and liabilities, as well as our reported revenues and expenses. We believe that all of the decisions and assessments upon which our financial statements will be based will be reasonable at the time made, based upon information available to us at that time. Our critical accounting policies and accounting estimates will be expanded over time as we fully implement our strategy. Those accounting policies and estimates that we initially expect to be most critical to an investor’s understanding of our financial results and condition and require complex management judgment are discussed below.

Basis of presentation.     Our consolidated balance sheet will include the accounts of our company, our operating partnership and our TRS, and will be prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. All significant intercompany transactions and balances will be eliminated in consolidation.

Investment in Unconsolidated Joint Ventures .    We will account for our investments in unconsolidated joint ventures under the equity method of accounting in cases where we exercise significant influence, but do not control these entities and are not considered to be the primary beneficiary in joint ventures that are considered to be variable interest entities, or VIEs. We will consolidate those joint ventures which are VIEs where we are considered to be the primary beneficiary, even though we do not control the entity. The joint venture investments will be recorded initially at cost, as investments in unconsolidated joint ventures, and subsequently adjusted for equity in net income (loss) and cash contributions and distributions to and from the joint venture.

Use of estimates .    We will make a number of estimates and assumptions relating to the reporting of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements to prepare consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP. These estimates and assumptions will be based on management’s best estimates and judgment. Management will evaluate its estimates and assumptions on an ongoing basis using historical experience and other factors, including the current economic environment. The current economic environment has increased the degree of uncertainty inherent in these estimates and assumptions. As future events and their effects cannot be determined with precision, actual results could differ from those estimates.

Investment in hotel properties .    Investments in hotel properties will be stated at acquisition cost and allocated to property and equipment, identifiable intangible assets and liabilities assumed at fair value. Costs to acquire hotel properties will be expensed as incurred. Property and equipment

 

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will be depreciated using the straight-line method over an estimated useful life of 15-40 years for buildings and improvements and 3-10 years for furniture and equipment. Identifiable intangible assets will typically be contracts, including lease agreements and franchise agreements, which will be recorded at fair value. Above-market and below-market lease values will be based on the present value of the difference between contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the leases acquired and our estimate of the fair market lease rates for corresponding leases measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the lease. Leases acquired which approximate current market rents do not have significant value. An existing franchise agreement is typically terminated at the time of acquisition and a new franchise agreement is entered into based on then current market terms. Above-market and below-market franchise agreement values will be based on the present value of the difference between contractual amounts to be paid pursuant to the franchise agreements acquired and our estimate of the fair market franchise rates for corresponding franchise agreements measured over a period equal to the remaining non-cancelable term of the franchise agreement. Franchise agreements acquired which are at market do not have significant value because they are easily transferable from with minimal cost. Intangible assets will be amortized using the straight-line method over the remaining non-cancelable term of the related agreements. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we may utilize a number of sources that may be obtained in connection with the acquisition or financing of a property and other market data. Management also considers information obtained about each property as a result of its pre-acquisition due diligence in estimating the fair value of the tangible and intangible assets acquired.

We will review our investments in hotel properties for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate the carrying value of the investments in hotel properties may not be recoverable. Events or circumstances that may cause us to perform our review include, but are not limited to, adverse changes in the demand for lodging at our properties due to declining international, national or local economic conditions and/or new hotel construction in markets where our hotels are located. When such conditions exist, management performs an analysis to determine if the estimated undiscounted future cash flows from operations and the estimated proceeds from the ultimate disposition of an investment in a hotel property exceed the hotel’s carrying value. If the estimated undiscounted future cash flows are less than the carrying amount of the asset, an adjustment to reduce the carrying value to the estimated fair market value is recorded and an impairment loss recognized.

Revenue recognition .    Hotel revenues including room, food, beverage and other hotel revenues will be recognized as the related services are provided.

Income taxes.     As a REIT, we generally will not be subject to U.S. federal corporate income tax on the portion of our net income (loss) that is distributed as dividends for the taxable year to our shareholders and is not earned by our TRS. We account for U.S. federal income taxes related to our TRS using the asset and liability method under which deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective bases. In addition, the analysis utilized by us in determining our deferred tax asset valuation allowance involves considerable management judgment and assumptions.

Share-based compensation.     We will recognize compensation cost related to share-based awards based upon their grant date fair value. The compensation cost related to share-based awards will be amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period, which is generally the vesting period of the awards. Since the compensation cost related to share-based awards is

 

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measured based upon grant date fair value, the expense related to these awards recognized in future periods may differ from the expense recognized if the awards were periodically remeasured at fair value.

Tax basis depreciation .    The federal tax basis for our properties used to determine depreciation for U.S. federal income tax purposes generally will be our acquisition costs for such properties. For U.S. federal income tax purposes, depreciation with respect to the real property components of our properties (other than land) generally will be computed using the straight-line method over a useful life of 39 years.

Capital expenditures

We will maintain each hotel in good repair and condition and in conformity with applicable laws and regulations and in accordance with the franchisor’s standards and the agreed upon requirements in our management agreements and in any debt agreements. The cost of all such routine maintenance, repairs and alterations will be paid out of a furniture, fixtures and equipment reserve, which will be funded by a portion of hotel gross revenues. Routine repairs and maintenance will be administered by the management company. However, we will have approval rights over capital expenditures.

Recent accounting pronouncements

In June 2009, the Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, issued an accounting standard that amends various components of the guidance governing sale accounting of financial instruments, including the recognition of assets obtained and liabilities assumed as a result of a transfer, and considerations of effective control by a transferor over transferred assets. In addition, this accounting standard removes the exemption for qualifying special purpose entities from the guidance on variable interest entities. The accounting standard is effective January 1, 2010, with early adoption prohibited. While we are evaluating the effect of adoption of this standard, we currently believe that the adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on our financial statement.

In June 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standard that amends the guidance for determining whether an entity is a VIE, and requires the performance of a qualitative rather than a quantitative analysis to determine the primary beneficiary of a VIE. Under this guidance, an entity would be required to consolidate a VIE if it has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. This accounting standard is effective for the first annual reporting period that begins after November 15, 2009, with early adoption prohibited. While we are currently evaluating the effect of adoption of this standard, we currently believe that the adoption of this standard will not have a material impact on our financial statement.

In June 2009, the FASB issued an accounting standard that establishes the FASB Accounting Standards Codification, or the Codification, as the source of authoritative accounting principles recognized by the FASB to be applied by nongovernmental entities in the preparation of financial statements in conformity with U.S. GAAP, and states that all guidance contained in the Codification carries equal level of authority. Rules and interpretive releases of the SEC under federal securities laws are also sources of authoritative GAAP for SEC registrants. The Codification does not change U.S. GAAP, however it does change the way in which it is to be researched and

 

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referenced. This standard is effective for financial statements issued for interim and annual periods ending September 15, 2009. We do not expect the adoption of this standard to have a material impact on our financial statement.

Results of operations

As of the date of this prospectus, we have not commenced any operations and will not commence any operations until we have completed the offering and the concurrent private placements.

Off-balance sheet arrangements

As of the date of this prospectus, we have no off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

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Management

Trustees and executive officers

Currently, our board of trustees consists of two trustees. Upon completion of the offering, our board of trustees will consist of seven trustees, each of whom will have been nominated for election and will have consented to serve as a trustee upon completion of the offering. Our board of trustees will be elected annually by our shareholders, commencing in 2010 in accordance with our bylaws. Our bylaws provide that a majority of the entire board of trustees may establish, increase or decrease the number of trustees, provided that the number of trustees shall never be less than one nor more than eleven. All of our executive officers will serve at the discretion of our board of trustees. Our board of trustees will determine whether each of our trustee nominees satisfies the New York Stock Exchange’s independence standards. The following table sets forth certain information about our trustees and executive officers:

 

Name    Age    Position
 

James L. Francis

   47    President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee

Douglas W. Vicari

   50    Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and Trustee

D. Rick Adams

   46    Senior Vice President, and Chief Investment Officer

Thomas A. Natelli

   49    Chairman

Thomas D. Eckert

   62    Trustee Nominee

John W. Hill

   55    Trustee Nominee

George F. McKenzie

   54    Trustee Nominee

Jeffrey D. Nuechterlein

   52    Trustee Nominee
 

James L. Francis is our President and Chief Executive Officer and a Trustee, positions he has held since our formation. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Francis served as the President and Chief Executive Officer and a director of Highland, positions that he held from Highland’s IPO in December 2003 to its sale in July 2007. Following the sale of Highland, Mr. Francis served as a consultant to the affiliate of JER Partners that acquired Highland until September 2008. Since September 2008, until our formation, Mr. Francis was a private investor. From June 2002 until joining Highland in December 2003, Mr. Francis served as the Chief Operating Officer, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of Barceló Crestline Corporation, and served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Crestline Capital Corporation, prior to its acquisition by Barceló, from December 1998 to June 2002. Prior to the spin-off of Crestline Capital from Host Hotels & Resorts, Inc. (formerly Host Marriott Corporation), Mr. Francis held various finance and strategic planning positions with Host Marriott and Marriott International, Inc. From June 1997 to December 1998, Mr. Francis held the position of Assistant Treasurer and Vice President Corporate Finance for Host Marriott, where he was responsible for Host Marriott’s corporate finance function, business strategy and investor relations. Over a period of ten years, Mr. Francis served in various capacities with Marriott International’s lodging business, including Vice President of Finance for Marriott Lodging from 1995 to 1997; Brand Executive, Courtyard by Marriott from 1994 to 1995; Controller for Courtyard by Marriott and Fairfield Inn from 1993 to 1994; Director of Finance and Strategic Planning for Courtyard by Marriott and Fairfield Inn from

 

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1991 to 1993; and Director of Hotel Development Finance from 1987 to 1991. Mr. Francis received his B.A. in Economics and Business from Western Maryland College and earned an M.B.A. in Finance and Accounting from Vanderbilt University.

Douglas W. Vicari is our Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and a Trustee, positions he has held since our formation. Prior to joining our company , Mr. Vicari served as a principal with Paramount Hotel Group, a hotel owner, developer and operator, from January 2009 to June 2009. Previously, Mr. Vicari served as Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Highland from September 2003 until its sale in July 2007. Prior to joining Highland, Mr. Vicari served as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Prime Hospitality Corp., a formerly NYSE-listed company acquired by an affiliate of The Blackstone Group in 2004, from August 1998 to July 2003, and also served on the board of directors of Prime Hospitality Corp. from May 1999 to July 2003. Prior to his appointment as Chief Financial Officer, he served as Vice President and Treasurer of Prime Hospitality Corp. from January 1991 to July 1998, and was an instrumental member of the management team that led the company out of bankruptcy in July 1992. From 1986 to 1991, Mr. Vicari was Director of Budgeting and Financial Planning for Prime Hospitality Corp, and was responsible for all budgeting, planning and forecasting. Prior to his tenure at Prime Hospitality Corp., Mr. Vicari held numerous management positions at Combustion Engineering (now ABB Brown Boveri) from 1981 to 1986. Mr. Vicari earned a B.S. in Accounting from the College of New Jersey and received his M.B.A. in Finance from Fairleigh Dickinson University. Mr. Vicari also currently serves on the board of directors and as the audit committee chairman for Thunderbird Resorts Inc. (Euronext: TBIRD), a publicly traded gaming and lodging company.

D. Rick Adams is our Senior Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, positions he has held since November 2009. Prior to joining our company, Mr. Adams served as Senior Vice President of Asset Management for Highland from September 2004 until its sale in July 2007. Following the sale of Highland and until October 2009, Mr. Adams continued to serve as Senior Vice President and Head of Asset Management for the affiliate of JER Partners that acquired Highland. From October 1992 to September 2004, Mr. Adams served as Vice President of Regional Operations and Development Officer for the B.F. Saul Company, a privately owned real estate company located in Washington, DC that specializes in commercial real estate and hotel management and development. Prior to his tenure at B. F. Saul, from 1986 until September 1992, Mr. Adams held numerous operational and franchise development management positions at Holiday Inns Worldwide, known today as Intercontinental Hotel Group. Mr. Adams received a B.S. in Management from Indiana University.

Thomas A. Natelli has agreed to become the non-executive chairman of the board of trustees on the date of this prospectus. Since 1987, Mr. Natelli has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Natelli Communities, a privately held real estate investment and development company. Under Mr. Natelli’s leadership, the company has earned numerous awards, including the prestigious Urban Land Institute National Award of Excellence for Large Scale Communities, Washington Metro Area Environmental Developer of the Year and Suburban Maryland Builder of the Year. Previously, Mr. Natelli served on the board of directors and was a member of the audit and nominating and corporate governance committees of Highland from its IPO until its sale in July 2007. In 2007, Mr. Natelli formed MargRock Entertainment, a music publishing and artist development and management services company, for which he currently serves as Principal. In 1999, Mr. Natelli co-founded eStara, Inc., a privately held technology company, for which he served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer from its inception through its sale to Art Technology Group, Inc. in October

 

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2006. From 1993 through 2003, Mr. Natelli served on the board of trustees of Suburban Hospital Healthcare System, after which he served as Chairman of the board of trustees and headed its executive committee until 2006. He also served on the board of directors of FBR National Bank and Trust, a wholly-owned affiliate of Friedman, Billings, Ramsey Group, Inc. Mr. Natelli is a past President of the Board of the Montgomery County Chamber of Commerce, and played a central role in creating the Montgomery Housing Partnership in 1989, a non-profit organization created to preserve and expand the supply of affordable housing in Montgomery County, Maryland. Mr. Natelli received a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from Duke University in 1982.

Thomas D. Eckert has agreed to become a trustee upon completion of the offering. Since 1997, Mr. Eckert has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Capital Automotive Real Estate Services, Inc., or Capital Automotive, a privately owned real estate company that owns and manages net-leased real estate for automotive retailers. Mr. Eckert was one of Capital Automotive’s Founders and led its IPO in February 1998. Mr. Eckert also served as a trustee of Capital Automotive from its founding until December 2005, when it was taken private. From 1983 to 1997, Mr. Eckert was employed by Pulte Home Corporation, a U.S. homebuilder, serving most recently as President of Pulte’s Mid-Atlantic Region. Prior to working at Pulte, Mr. Eckert spent over seven years with the public accounting firm of Arthur Andersen LLP. Mr. Eckert is currently Chairman of the Board of The Munder Funds, a $7 billion mutual fund group, and a director and member of the audit, compensation and nominating and corporate governance committees of DuPont Fabros Technology, Inc., a publicly-traded owner, developer and manager of wholesale data centers. He is also a member of the boards of The Potomac School, a K-12 private school, and PlayPumps International, an organization focused on bringing clean water to people in Africa. In addition, Mr. Eckert is a former director of the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts and Fieldstone Investment Corporation. Mr. Eckert received his undergraduate degree from the University of Michigan in 1970.

John W. Hill has agreed to become a trustee upon completion of the offering. Mr. Hill has been Chief Executive Officer of The Federal City Council, a not-for-profit, non-partisan organization dedicated to the improvement of Washington, DC, since 2004. Previously, Mr. Hill served on the board of directors and was a member of the audit and compensation committees of Highland from January 2006 until Highland’s sale in July 2007. From 2002 until 2004, Mr. Hill served as the Chief Executive Officer of In2Books, Inc. From 1999 until 2002, he was a partner with Andersen, LLP, where he was in charge of state and local consulting for North America. Previously, Mr. Hill also was a director of Marriott Corporation’s Internal Audit Division in charge of all financial and operational audits of the hotel division and has been an audit manager for Coopers & Lybrand and Price Waterhouse. Mr. Hill has served on the board and audit committee of Prestwick Pharmaceuticals Inc., a non-public company. Mr. Hill currently serves on the boards of several not-for-profit organizations, including the DC Children and Youth Investment Trust Corporation, the DC Public Library Board of Trustees, the DC Shakespeare Theatre Board, the National Minority Aids Council and the Mayor’s Blue Ribbon Commission to Revitalize the DC Public Library. Mr. Hill earned a B.S. in Accounting from the University of Maryland, College Park in 1976 and passed the Maryland State CPA exam in 1977.

George F. McKenzie has agreed to become a trustee upon completion of the offering. Since June 2007, Mr. McKenzie has served as President and Chief Executive Officer and a trustee of Washington Real Estate Investment Trust, or WRIT, a self-administered, self-managed, equity real estate investment trust investing in income-producing properties in the greater Washington, DC metro region. Since joining WRIT in September 1996, Mr. McKenzie also served in other executive

 

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roles, including Executive Vice President, Real Estate and Chief Operating Officer. From 1985 to 1996, Mr. McKenzie served with the Prudential Realty Group, a subsidiary of Prudential Insurance Company of America, most recently as Vice President, Investment & Sales. From 1977 to 1985, Mr. McKenzie served as an officer in the U.S. Navy as an aviator flying P-3 Orion aircraft. He received a B.S. in Operations Analysis from the United States Naval Academy and an MBA in Finance from the University of Rhode Island. Mr. McKenzie is a member of the Economic Club of Washington, Urban Land Institute (ULI), and the National Association of Industrial & Office Properties (NAIOP).

Jeffrey D. Nuechterlein has agreed to become a trustee upon completion of the offering. In 2000, Mr. Nuechterlein founded Isis Capital LLC, a venture capital and hedge fund based in Alexandria, Virginia, where he has served as Managing Partner since its formation. From 1997 until 2000, Mr. Nuechterlein served as Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer for pension fund investments at National Gypsum Company. From 1995 until 1996, Mr. Nuechterlein was Senior Counsel to the U.S. Trade Representative, and prior to that he served as outside legal counsel to several U.S. semiconductor and steel companies from 1992 until 1995. Mr. Nuechterlein also served as Special Assistant for Policy to the Governor of Virginia from 1990 until 1991, and was Counsel to the U.S. Senate’s Judiciary Subcommittee on Technology from 1989 until 1990. Among his non-profit activities, Mr. Nuechterlein is Immediate Past President and a Trustee of The College Foundation at the University of Virginia, a Trustee of The Potomac School, a Trustee of the Classical American Homes Preservation Trust in New York and a member of the Council on Foreign Relations. Mr. Nuechterlein received his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Virginia in 1979 and 1986, respectively, and his master’s and D. Phil. degrees from Oxford University.

Trustee independence and corporate governance

Effective upon completion of the offering and the concurrent private placements, our board of trustees will have three committees, the principal functions of which are briefly described below. Matters put to a vote by any one of our three committees must be approved by a majority of the trustees on the committee who are present at a meeting, in person or as otherwise permitted by our bylaws, at which there is a quorum or by the unanimous written consent of the trustees on that committee. Each of these committees will be comprised entirely of independent trustees, as defined by the NYSE listing standards. Moreover, the compensation committee will be composed exclusively of individuals intended to be, to the extent provided by Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act, non-employee trustees and will, at such times as we are subject to Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, qualify as outside trustees for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code.

Audit committee .    Our audit committee will be composed of Messrs. Eckert, Natelli and Hill. In addition, our audit committee is required to have a designated “audit committee financial expert” within the meaning of SEC rules. Mr. Eckert will chair the committee and has been determined by our board of trustees to be an audit committee financial expert.

The audit committee’s primary duties and assigned roles are to:

 

 

serve as an independent and objective body to monitor and assess our compliance with legal and regulatory requirements, our financial reporting processes and related internal control systems and the performance, generally, of our internal audit function;

 

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oversee the audit and other services of our independent registered public accounting firm and be directly responsible for the appointment, independence, qualifications, compensation and oversight of the independent registered public accounting firm, who reports directly to the audit committee;

 

 

provide an open avenue of communication among the independent registered public accounting firm, accountants, financial and senior management, the internal auditing department and our board;

 

 

resolve any disagreements between management and the independent registered public accounting firm regarding financial reporting; and

 

 

consider and approve certain transactions between us and our trustees, executive officers, trustee nominees or 5% or greater beneficial owners, any of their immediate family members or entities affiliated with them.

Compensation committee .    Our compensation committee will be composed of Messrs. Hill, Natelli, and Eckert. Mr. Hill will chair the committee. The principal functions of the compensation committee are to:

 

 

evaluate the performance of and compensation paid by us to our president and chief executive officer and other executive officers and trustees;

 

 

administer our Equity Plan; and

 

 

produce a report on executive compensation required to be included in our proxy statement for our annual meetings or our annual report on Form 10-K, including the Compensation Discussion and Analysis section.

Nominating and corporate governance committee .    Our nominating and corporate governance committee will be composed of Messrs. McKenzie, Hill and Nuechterlein. Mr. McKenzie will chair the committee. The principal functions of the nominating and corporate governance committee are to:

 

 

identify individuals qualified to become board members and recommend to our board candidates for election or re-election to the board;

 

 

consider and make recommendations to our board concerning the size and composition of our board, committee structure and makeup, retirement policies and procedures affecting board members; and

 

 

take a leadership role with respect to the development, implementation and review of our corporate governance principles and practices.

The nominating and corporate governance committee charter will set forth certain criteria for the committee to consider in evaluating potential trustee nominees. The charter will require that the committee select nominees who have the highest personal and professional integrity, who shall have demonstrated exceptional ability and judgment and who shall be most effective, in conjunction with the other nominees to the board, in collectively serving our long-term interests and those of our shareholders. The committee also will be required to assess whether the candidate possesses the skills, knowledge, perspective, broad business judgment and leadership, relevant specific industry or regulatory affairs knowledge, business creativity and vision, experience, age and diversity, all in the context of an assessment of the perceived needs of the

 

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board at that time. For those trustee candidates that appear upon first consideration to meet the committee’s criteria, the committee will engage in further research to evaluate their candidacy.

In making recommendations for trustee nominees for the annual meeting of shareholders, the nominating and corporate governance committee will consider any written suggestions of shareholders received by our secretary by no earlier than December 31, 2009 or later than January 31, 2010 for our annual meeting of shareholders in 2010, or, for future years, not less than 90 nor more than 120 days prior to the anniversary of the prior year’s annual meeting of shareholders. Suggestions must be mailed to our secretary at our corporate headquarters. The manner in which trustee nominee candidates suggested in accordance with this policy are evaluated does not differ from the manner in which candidates recommended by other sources are evaluated.

Communicating with the board

Consistent with the NYSE’s corporate governance listing standards, upon completion of the offering and the concurrent private placements, our board will adopt Principles of Corporate Governance that, among other things, will call for the non-officer trustees to meet in regularly scheduled executive sessions without management. Mr. Natelli, our non-executive chairman, has been selected to serve as the presiding independent trustee at any executive sessions held prior to our 2010 annual meeting.

Interested parties, including shareholders, may communicate their concerns directly to the full board, the presiding independent trustee or the non-officer trustees as a group by writing to the board of trustees, the presiding independent trustee or the non-officer trustees, at our corporate headquarters.

Code of business conduct and ethics

Upon completion of the offering and the concurrent private placements, our board will adopt a Code of Business Conduct and Ethics that applies to each of our trustees and officers involved in our business. This code will set forth our policies and expectations on a number of topics, including:

 

 

compliance with laws, including insider trading;

 

 

preservation of confidential information relating to our business;

 

 

conflicts of interest;

 

 

reporting of illegal or unethical behavior or concerns regarding accounting or auditing practices;

 

 

corporate payments;

 

 

corporate opportunities; and

 

 

the protection and proper use of our assets.

We will establish and implement formal “whistleblower” procedures for receiving and handling complaints of employees. As discussed in the Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, we will make an e-mail address and a telephone hotline available for reporting illegal or unethical behavior as

 

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well as questionable accounting or auditing matters and other accounting, internal accounting controls or auditing matters on a confidential, anonymous basis. Any concerns regarding accounting or auditing matters reported via e-mail or to this hotline will be communicated directly to the audit committee.

The audit committee will review this code on an annual basis, and the board will review and act upon any proposed additions or amendments to the code as appropriate. The code will be posted on our website. You may also obtain a copy of the code without charge by writing to our secretary at our corporate headquarters. Any waivers of the code for executive officers or trustees will be posted on our website and similarly provided without charge upon written request to this address.

Principles of corporate governance

Our Principles of Corporate Governance will address a number of other topics, including:

 

 

trustee independence and qualification standards;

 

 

trustee responsibilities, orientation and continuing education;

 

 

trustee compensation;

 

 

trustee attendance and retirement;

 

 

management succession;

 

 

annual board self-evaluations; and

 

 

trustee communication, committees and access to management.

Our nominating and corporate governance committee will review the Principles of Corporate Governance on an annual basis, and the board will review and act upon any proposed additions or amendments to the Principles of Corporate Governance as appropriate. The Principles of Corporate Governance will be posted on our website. You may also obtain a copy of our Principles of Corporate Governance without charge by writing to our secretary at our corporate headquarters .

Trustee compensation

We have approved and intend to implement a compensation program for our non-officer trustees, including each of the independent trustee nominees, that consists of annual retainer fees and long-term equity awards.

We intend to pay our non-officer trustees an annual retainer fee of $50,000, payable quarterly. In addition, our audit committee chairman will be paid an additional annual retainer of $15,000, our compensation committee chairman will be paid an additional annual retainer of $10,000 and our nominating and corporate governance committee chairman will be paid an additional annual retainer of $7,500, in each case payable quarterly in cash. Mr. Natelli, who will serve as non-executive chairman of our board, will be paid an additional annual retainer of $20,000. Although we will reimburse our trustees for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with performance of their duties as trustees, including, without limitation, travel expenses in connection with their attendance at board and committee meetings, we will not pay any trustee a separate fee for meetings attended. Furthermore, trustees will not receive any perquisites.

 

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Our non-officer trustees may elect to receive their annual retainers and chair committee fees in whole or in part in the form of cash or immediately vested common shares based on the closing market price of our common shares on the grant date.

Upon completion of the offering, we will also grant each of our non-officer trustees 1,500 common shares, except that Mr. Natelli will receive a grant of 2,500 common shares in recognition of his expanded responsibilities as our non-executive chairman. Following completion of the offering, in connection with each annual meeting of shareholders commencing in 2010, each of our non-officer trustees will receive an additional grant of restricted common shares. Vesting for all subsequent grants, excluding the grants made at completion of the offering, will occur on the date of the next annual meeting, with acceleration upon termination due to death, disability or involuntary termination of service as a result of a change in control. Dividends will be paid on the unvested restricted shares when declared and paid on our common shares generally.

Compensation discussion and analysis

We will pay base salaries and annual bonuses and expect to make grants of awards under our Equity Plan to certain of our executive officers, effective upon completion of the offering, in accordance with their employment agreements. The awards under our Equity Plan will be granted to recognize such individuals’ efforts on our behalf in connection with our formation and the offering and to provide a retention element to their compensation. Neither our board of trustees nor the compensation committee of our board of trustees has yet adopted compensation policies with respect to, among other things, setting base salaries, awarding bonuses or making future grants of equity awards to our executive officers. We anticipate that such determinations will be made by our compensation committee based on factors such as the desire to retain such officer’s services over the long-term, aligning such officer’s interest with those of our shareholders, incentivizing such officer over the short-, medium- and long-term and rewarding such officer for exceptional performance. In addition, our compensation committee may determine to make awards to new executive officers in order to attract talented professionals to serve us.

Executive officer compensation

The following is a summary of the elements of and amounts expected to be paid under our compensation plans for the remainder of 2009 (on a pro-rated basis) and 2010. Because we were formed only recently, individual compensation information is not available for prior periods.

Annual base salary.     Base salary is designed to compensate our named executive officers at a fixed level of compensation that serves as a retention tool throughout the executive’s career. In determining base salaries, the compensation committee will consider each executive’s role and responsibility, unique skills, future potential with our company, salary levels for similar positions in our target market and internal pay equity. We expect the initial annual base salaries of Messrs. Francis, Vicari and Adams to be $700,000, $475,000 and $275,000, respectively.

Annual cash bonus.     Annual cash bonuses are designed to provide incentives to our named executive officers at a variable level of compensation based on such individual’s performance. In connection with our annual cash bonus program, we expect that our compensation committee will determine annual performance criteria that are flexible and that change with the needs of our business. Our annual cash bonus plan will be designed to reward the achievement of specific, pre-established financial and operational objectives. We expect the primary goal will be

 

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achievement of targeted levels of FFO per share that will be set by the compensation committee annually. The following table depicts the amount of annual cash bonuses that we expect to pay to our named executive officers as a result of achievement of 90%, 100% or 110% of our budgeted FFO per share for 2010. No decisions have been made as to the payment of any bonuses for 2009 performance.

Performance-Based Annual Cash Bonuses as a Percentage of Base Salary

 

Executive Officer   

Threshold

(90%)

  

Target

(100%)

  

Maximum

(110%)

      

James L. Francis

   50    100    150

Douglas W. Vicari

   35    75    125

D. Rick Adams

   25    50    75
      

Equity awards.     We will provide equity awards pursuant to our Equity Plan. Equity awards are designed to focus and reward our executive officers and other parties on our long-term goals and enhance shareholder value. In determining equity awards, we anticipate that our compensation committee will take into account, among other things, the company’s overall financial performance. A more complete description of the Equity Plan is set forth below.

Retirement savings opportunities.     All eligible employees will be able to participate in our 401(k) Retirement Savings Plan, or 401(k) Plan. We intend to provide this plan to help our employees save some amount of their cash compensation for retirement in a tax efficient manner. Under the 401(k) Plan, employees will be eligible to defer a portion of their salary, and we, at our discretion, may make a matching contribution and/or a profit sharing contribution. We do not intend to provide an option for our employees to invest in our common shares through the 401(k) plan.

Health and welfare benefits.     We intend to provide a competitive benefits package to all full-time employees which is expected to include health and welfare benefits, such as medical, dental, disability insurance, and life insurance benefits. The plans under which these benefits will be offered are not expected to discriminate in scope, terms or operation in favor of officers and trustees and will be available to all full-time employees.

The following table sets forth the annual base salary and other compensation payable to our executive officers as of the completion of the offering. We intend to enter into employment-related arrangements with Messrs. Francis, Vicari and Adams effective upon completion of the offering. See “—Employment agreements.”

Summary Compensation Table

 

Name and
Principal
Position
  Salary ($)   Bonus ($)     Stock
Awards ($)
    Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation ($)
    All Other
Compensation ($)
    Total ($)
                         

James L. Francis

  $ 700,000   (1 )     (2 )     (3 )     25,000 (6)     N/A

Douglas W. Vicari

  $ 475,000   (1 )     (4 )     (3 )     25,000 (6)     N/A

D. Rick Adams

  $ 275,000   (1 )     (5 )     (3 )          N/A
                         

 

(1)   Messrs. Francis, Vicari and Adams will be eligible to receive a performance-based cash bonus, subject to determination by our compensation committee, as described above.

 

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(2)   Pursuant to the terms of Mr. Francis’s employment agreement, he will receive 153,000 restricted common shares vesting ratably in annual installments over a three-year period commencing on the first anniversary of the offering and 40,000 restricted common shares which may vest upon our achievement of specified performance metrics. See “—Narrative discussion of IPO grants of plan-based awards.” Amount represents the expected compensation expense associated with these awards. Dividends will be paid on the time-based restricted shares when declared and paid on our common shares generally. Dividends will accrue on performance-based restricted shares that remain subject to vesting, but will only be paid if the shares vest.

 

(3)   Messrs. Francis, Vicari and Adams may receive annual incentive payments upon our achievement of specified performance metrics, including targeted levels of FFO per share.

 

(4)   Pursuant to the terms of Mr. Vicari’s employment agreement, he will receive 102,000 restricted common shares vesting ratably in annual installments over a three-year period commencing on the first anniversary of the offering and 25,000 restricted common shares which may vest upon our achievement of specified performance metrics. See “—Narrative discussion of IPO grants of plan-based awards.” Amount represents the expected compensation expense associated with these awards. Dividends will be paid on the time-based restricted shares when declared and paid on our common shares generally. Dividends will accrue on performance-based restricted shares that remain subject to vesting, but will only be paid if the shares vest.

 

(5)   Pursuant to the terms of Mr. Adams’ employment agreement, he will receive 40,000 restricted common shares vesting ratably in annual installments over a three-year period commencing on the first anniversary of the offering. Amount represents the expected compensation expense associated with these awards. Dividends will be paid on these restricted shares when declared and paid on our common shares generally.

 

(6)   The employment agreements for Messrs. Francis and Vicari provide for payments to each of them of amounts up to $10,000 annually for a comprehensive physical and medical examination and up to $15,000 annually for financial planning purposes.

IPO Grants of Plan-Based Awards

 

               Estimated Future Payouts Under Equity
Incentive Plan Awards
    All Other
Stock
Awards:
Number of
Shares of
Stock or
Units (#)
    Grant Date
Fair Value of
Share
Awards
 
Name    Grant Date     Threshold
(#)
    Target
(#)
    Maximum
(#)
     
                           

James L. Francis

   (1 )     24,000 (2)     (2 )     40,000 (2)     153,000 (3)     (4 )  

Douglas W. Vicari

   (1 )     15,000 (2)     (2 )     25,000 (2)     102,000 (3)     (4 )  

D. Rick Adams

   (1 )                    40,000 (3)     (4 )  
                                      

 

(1)   Each of these awards is expected to be issued upon completion of the offering.

 

(2)   Represents performance share awards that will be issued upon completion of the offering, which will vest upon our achievement of specified performance metrics. See “—Narrative discussion of IPO grants of plan-based awards.”

 

(3)   Represents common shares that will be issued upon completion of the offering, which will vest ratably in annual installments over a three-year period commencing on the first anniversary of the offering. See “—Narrative discussion of IPO grants of plan-based awards.”

 

(4)   Represents the estimated grant date fair value of the common shares and performance share awards.

Narrative discussion of IPO grants of plan-based awards

In addition to base salary, annual bonus and non-equity incentive compensation, our named executive officers will be entitled to receive long term equity incentive compensation designed to provide additional motivation over a three-year performance period beginning on January 1, 2010 and ending on December 31, 2012. Upon completion of the offering, each of our named executive officers will be granted a number of restricted common shares subject to time-based or performance-based vesting requirements. The time-based shares will vest one-third per year beginning on the first anniversary of the grant date, assuming the executive remains employed by the company on such anniversary. Of the performance-based shares, one-third of such shares will be eligible for vesting each year.

The actual number of performance shares that vest in a particular year will be determined by our success in attaining or exceeding performance goals linked to relative total shareholder return, or

 

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RTSR, measured at year-end for each year of the performance period, by comparing our annual total shareholder return to the total return (on a comparable basis) of the SNL US REIT Hotel Index prepared by SNL Financial LC.

For this purpose, we will use the following formula to calculate our total shareholder returns, or TSR, for a given year:

 

Annual TSR = 

 

(December 31 closing share price * Adjusted share count) - Closing share price on December 31 of prior year

 

  Closing share price on December 31 of prior year

The term “adjusted share count” means one share plus the number of shares received in connection with the assumed reinvestment of all dividends paid during the period at the closing price of our common shares on the ex-dividend date for each such dividend.

If the total return for the index is positive for any year, the performance shares will vest only if our TSR for that year equals or exceeds 75% of the total return produced by the index, in which case vesting will occur as follows:

 

 

If our TSR for the year equals 75% of the total return produced by the index, 60% of the performance shares subject to vesting for that year will vest.

 

 

If our TSR equals or exceeds the total return produced by the index, 100% of the performance shares subject to vesting for that year will vest.

 

 

If our TSR is between 75% and 100% of the total return produced by the index, the number of performance shares that will vest for that year will be interpolated ratably between 60% and 100%.

If the total return for the index is negative for any year, performance shares will vest for that year if our TSR exceeds the index’s total return, in which case 100% of the performance shares subject to vesting for that year will vest.

If the performance goal is not met in a particular year, such that a portion of the performance shares do not vest in that year, Messrs. Francis and Vicari may still earn a payout of performance shares if we achieve a level of RTSR over a three-year performance period from January 1, 2010 through December 31, 2012 that exceeds specified levels described below. Use of this measure is designed to provide our senior executive officers with a continued incentive and an ability to earn a payout if we perform well in TSR compared to the total return of the index over the entire performance period, yet are unable to attain the RTSR metric in a given year. Our cumulative TSR over the three-year period for this purpose will be computed as follows:

 

Cumulative TSR =    

(December 31, 2012 closing share price * Adjusted share count) - December 31, 2009 closing share price

 

   December 31, 2009 closing share price

If the cumulative total return for the index is positive for the period, the previously unvested performance shares will vest only if our cumulative TSR equals or exceeds 75% of the cumulative total returns produced by the index for the performance period, in which case vesting will occur as follows:

 

 

If our cumulative TSR equals 75% of the cumulative total return produced by the index, 60% of the previously unvested performance shares will vest.

 

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If our cumulative TSR equals or exceeds the cumulative total return produced by the index, 100% of the previously unvested performance shares will vest.

 

 

If our cumulative TSR is between 75% and 100% of the cumulative total return produced by the index, the number of previously unvested performance shares that will vest will be interpolated ratably between 60% and 100%.

If the cumulative total return produced by the index is negative for the three-year performance period, the previously unvested performance shares will vest if our cumulative TSR exceeds the index’s cumulative total return, in which case 100% of the previously unvested performance shares will vest.

Notwithstanding the vesting requirements discussed above, all long-term equity incentive compensation awards will vest upon the death or disability of the executive officer or, for awards other than share options that are not intended to qualify as performance based awards under Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code, if the executive officer’s employment is terminated by us without cause, or if there is a change in control and the executive officer resigns for good reason or is terminated without cause within 12 months of such change in control.

Equity plan

We have adopted an Equity Plan, which provides for the issuance of equity-based awards, including share options, share appreciation rights (SARs), restricted shares, share units, unrestricted share awards and other awards based on our common shares that may be made by us to our trustees and officers and to our advisors and consultants who are providing services to us as of the date of the grant.

The material features of the Equity Plan are summarized below. The complete text of the Equity Plan is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

General .    We are reserving 5% of the total number of common shares outstanding following completion of the IPO and the concurrent private placements for issuance under the Equity Plan. We intend that the initial equity grants to our executive officers and trustees will comprise approximately 50% of the total shares available under the Equity Plan. If the number of shares to be outstanding increases or decreases, the number of shares available under the Equity Plan and the initial grants to our executive officers and trustees will be adjusted. Assuming the total number of common shares outstanding (excluding the initial restricted share grants) is 14,700,092, the total number of shares reserved for issuance under the Equity Plan will be 735,005. Any shares that may be issued under the Equity Plan to any person pursuant to an award are counted against this limit as one share for every one share granted. The maximum number of shares that may be issued to any person in one calendar year as options or SARs is 350,000, and the maximum number of shares that can be issued to any person in one calendar year, other than in the form of options, SARs, time-vested restricted shares or share units that are not performance-based, is 350,000. The maximum amount that may be earned as an annual incentive award or other cash award in any fiscal year by any one person is $5,000,000 and the maximum amount that may be earned as a performance award or other cash award in respect of a performance period by any one person is $15,000,000.

Purposes .    The purposes of the Equity Plan are to enable us to attract and retain highly qualified trustees and officers and to enable us to provide incentives to our personnel and other parties who will contribute to our success in a manner linked directly to increases in shareholder value.

 

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Administration .    The Equity Plan will be administered by the compensation committee of our board. Subject to the terms of the Equity Plan, the compensation committee, or its delegates pursuant to the Equity Plan, may select participants to receive awards, determine the types of awards and terms and conditions of awards and interpret provisions of the Equity Plan.

Source of shares .    The common shares issued or to be issued under the Equity Plan consist of authorized but unissued shares. If any shares covered by an award are not purchased or are forfeited, if an award is settled in cash or if an award otherwise terminates without delivery of any shares, then the number of common shares counted against the aggregate number of shares available under the Equity Plan with respect to the award will, to the extent of any such forfeiture or termination, again be available for making awards under the Equity Plan as one share.

Eligibility .    Awards may be made under the Equity Plan to our or our affiliates’ trustees, directors and officers providing services to us, or our affiliates, and to any other individual whose participation in the Equity Plan is determined to be in our best interests by our board.

Amendment or termination of the Equity Plan .    While the compensation committee may terminate or amend the Equity Plan at any time, no amendment may adversely impair the rights of grantees with respect to outstanding awards. In addition, an amendment will be contingent on approval of our shareholders to the extent required by law or if the amendment would materially increase the benefits accruing to participants under the Equity Plan, materially increase the aggregate number of shares that may be issued under the Equity Plan, or materially modify the requirements as to eligibility for participation in the Equity Plan. Unless terminated earlier, the Equity Plan will terminate in 2019, but will continue to govern unexpired awards.

Options .    The Equity Plan permits the granting of options to purchase common shares intended to qualify as “incentive stock options” under the Internal Revenue Code, referred to as incentive share options, and options that do not qualify as incentive share options, referred to as non-qualified share options. Incentive share options will only be granted to our employees and employees of our subsidiaries.

The exercise price of each option may not be less than 100% of the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant as determined pursuant to the Equity Plan. If we were to grant incentive share options to any 10% shareholder, the exercise price may not be less than 110% of the fair market value of our common shares on the date of grant. We may grant options in substitution for options held by employees of companies that we may acquire. In this case, the exercise price would be adjusted to preserve the economic value of the employee’s share option from his or her former employer. Such options granted in substitution shall not count against the shares available for issuance under the Equity Plan.

The term of each option may not exceed ten years from the date of grant; the term of each option that is intended to qualify as an incentive share option and that is granted to any 10% shareholder may not exceed five years from the date of grant. The compensation committee will determine at what time or times each option may be exercised and the period of time, if any, after retirement, death, disability or termination of employment during which options may be exercised. Options may be made exercisable in installments. The exercisability of options may be accelerated by the compensation committee or our board. The exercise price of an option may not be amended or modified after the grant of the option, and an option may not be surrendered in consideration of or exchanged for a grant of a new option having an exercise price below that of the option which was surrendered or exchanged.

 

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In general, an optionee may pay the exercise price of an option by cash, certified check or by tendering our common shares.

Options granted under the Equity Plan may not be sold, transferred, pledged or assigned other than by will or under applicable laws of descent and distribution. However, we may permit limited transfers of non-qualified options for the benefit of immediate family members of grantees to help with estate planning concerns.

Other awards .    The following may also be awarded under the Equity Plan:

 

 

common shares subject to vesting restrictions, which are common shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price;

 

 

share units, which are the conditional right to receive a common share or cash in the future, subject to restrictions, including vesting restrictions;

 

 

unrestricted common shares, which are common shares issued at no cost or for a purchase price which are free from any restrictions under the Equity Plan;

 

 

dividend equivalent rights entitling the grantee to receive credits for dividends that would be paid if the grantee had held a specified number of common shares;

 

 

a right to receive a number of shares or an amount in cash or a combination of shares and cash, based on the increase in the fair market value of the shares underlying the right during a specified period; and

 

 

performance-based and non-performance-based incentive awards, ultimately payable in shares or cash or a combination thereof, which may be multi-year and/or annual incentive awards subject to achievement of specified performance goals tied to business criteria described below.

Business criteria .    In establishing performance goals for awards intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Internal Revenue Code to be granted to covered officers, we will use one or more of the following business criteria as selected by the compensation committee:

 

 

total shareholder return;

 

 

total shareholder return as compared to total return (on a comparable basis) of a publicly available index such as, but not limited to, the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index or the SNL U.S. REIT Hotel Index prepared by SNL Financial LC;

 

 

net income;

 

 

pretax earnings;

 

 

earnings before interest expense and taxes;

 

 

earnings before interest expense, taxes, depreciation and amortization;

 

 

pretax operating earnings after interest expense and before bonuses, service fees and extraordinary or special items;

 

 

operating margin;

 

 

earnings per share;

 

 

return on equity;

 

 

return on assets;

 

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return on capital;

 

 

return on investment;

 

 

operating earnings;

 

 

working capital;

 

 

ratio of debt to shareholders’ equity;

 

 

revenue;

 

 

book value;

 

 

FFO or FFO per share;

 

 

funds (or cash) available for distribution, or FAD, per share;

 

 

cash flow;

 

 

economic value-added models or equivalent metrics; or

 

 

reductions in costs.

Adjustments for share dividends and similar events .    We will make appropriate adjustments in outstanding awards and the number of shares available for issuance under the Equity Plan, including the individual limitations on awards, to reflect share dividends, share splits, spin-offs and other similar events.

Extraordinary vesting events .    If we experience a Corporate Transaction (as defined below), the compensation committee will have full authority to determine the effect, if any, on the vesting, exercisability, settlement, payment or lapse of restrictions applicable to an award. The effect of a Corporate Transaction may be specified in a participant’s award agreement or determined at a subsequent time, including, without limitation, the substitution of new awards, the termination or the adjustment of outstanding awards, the acceleration of awards or the removal of restrictions on outstanding awards. A “Corporate Transaction” under the Equity Plan means (1) our dissolution or liquidation; (2) our merger, consolidation or reorganization with one or more other entities in which we are not the surviving entity; (3) a sale of substantially all of our assets to another person or entity; or (4) any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which we are the surviving entity) which results in any person or entity (other than already existing shareholders or affiliates) owning 50% or more of the combined voting power of all classes of our shares of beneficial interest.

Initial trustee grants .    Effective as of the completion of the offering and the concurrent private placements, we will grant awards covering an aggregate of 8,500 shares under the Equity Plan to our non-officer trustees. Dividends on unvested restricted shares will be paid when declared and paid on our common shares generally.

Employment agreements

We intend to enter into employment agreements, which will become effective upon completion of the offering, with Messrs. Francis, Vicari and Adams that provide for an annual salary of $700,000 for Mr. Francis, $475,000 for Mr. Vicari and $275,000 for Mr. Adams. In addition, the employment agreements provide them severance benefits if their employment ends under

 

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certain circumstances. We believe that the agreements will benefit us by helping to retain the executives and by allowing them to focus on their duties without the distraction of the concern for their personal situations in the event of a possible change in control of our company.

The agreements have an initial term of three years for Messrs. Francis and Vicari and an initial term of two years for Mr. Adams, beginning on the effective date of the offering. Thereafter, the term of the agreements will be extended for an additional year on each anniversary of the effective date of the offering, unless either party gives 90 days’ prior notice that the term will not be extended.

Each of these executives will be entitled to receive benefits under the agreements if (1) we terminate the executive’s employment without cause, or (2) if there is a change in control during the term of the agreements and the executive resigns for good reason or is terminated without cause within 12 months following such change in control. Under these scenarios, each of the executives is entitled to receive (1) any accrued but unpaid salary and bonuses (including incentive compensation), (2) reimbursement for any outstanding reasonable business expense, (3) vesting as of the executive’s last day of employment of any unvested options or restricted shares previously issued to the executive, (4) continued life and health insurance as described below, and (5) a severance payment calculated as described below.

If we terminate the executive without cause the severance payment is equal to two times in the case of Messrs. Francis and Vicari, or one times in the case of Mr. Adams, current salary plus two times in the case of Messrs. Francis and Vicari, or one times in the case of Mr. Adams, the greater of (1) the average of all bonuses paid to them during the preceding 36 months (or the period of the executive’s employment if shorter) or (2) the most recent bonus paid to the executive. In addition, the executive will be eligible to receive payment of life and health insurance coverage for a period of 24 months for Messrs. Francis and Vicari, and 12 months for Mr. Adams, following such executive’s termination of employment.

If there is a change of control during the term of the agreements and within 12 months following a change in control, we terminate the executive without cause or he resigns for good reason, the severance payment is equal to three times in the case of Messrs. Francis and Vicari, or two times in the case of Mr. Adams, current salary plus three times in the case of Messrs. Francis and Vicari, or two times in the case of Mr. Adams, the greater of (1) the average of all bonuses paid to the executive during the preceding 36 months (or the period of the executive’s employment if shorter) and (2) the most recent bonus paid to the executive. In addition, in the event of a termination or resignation following a change in control as described above, the executive will be eligible to receive payment of life and health insurance coverage for a period of 36 months for Messrs. Francis and Vicari, and 24 months for Mr. Adams, following termination of employment, and payments to compensate the executive for additional taxes, if any, imposed under Section 4999 of the Internal Revenue Code for receipt of excess parachute payments.

In addition, the employment agreements for Messrs. Francis and Vicari provide up to $10,000 annually for a comprehensive physical and medical examination and up to $15,000 annually for financial planning services. These benefits will not continue beyond termination of the agreements.

The employment agreements contain customary non-competition and non-solicitation covenants that apply during the term and for one year after the term of each executive’s employment with our company.

 

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Investment policies and policies with respect to certain activities

The following is a discussion of our investment policies and our policies with respect to certain other activities, including financing matters and conflicts of interest. These policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our board of trustees, without shareholder approval. Any change to any of these policies by our board of trustees, however, would be made only after a thorough review and analysis of that change, in light of then-existing business and other circumstances, and then only if, in the exercise of its business judgment, our board of trustees believes that it is advisable to do so in our and our shareholders’ best interests. We intend to disclose any changes in our investment policies in periodic reports that we file or furnish under the Exchange Act. We cannot assure you that our investment objectives will be attained.

Investments in real estate or interests in real estate

We plan to invest principally in hotel properties. At the completion of the offering, we will not have committed any portion of the net proceeds of the offering or the concurrent private placements to any specific investment. Our senior executive officers will identify and negotiate acquisition opportunities, subject to approval by our board of trustees. For information concerning the investing experience of these individuals, please see the sections entitled “Our business—Our team” and “Management.”

We intend to conduct substantially all of our investment activities through our operating partnership and its subsidiaries. Our primary investment objectives are to enhance shareholder value over time by generating strong returns on invested capital, consistently paying attractive distributions to our shareholders and achieving long-term appreciation in the value of our lodging investments.

There are no limitations on the amount or percentage of our total assets that may be invested in any one property. Additionally, no limits have been set on the concentration of investments in any one location or property type.

Additional criteria with respect to our hotel investments is described in “Our business—Our strategy.”

Investments in mortgages, structured financings and other lending policies

We do not currently intend to invest in loans secured by properties or make loans to persons. However, we do not have a policy limiting our ability to invest in loans secured by other properties or to make loans to other persons. We may make loans to joint ventures in which we may participate in the future. However, we do not intend to engage in significant lending activities.

Investments in securities of or interests in persons primarily engaged in real estate activities and other issuers

Generally speaking, we do not expect to engage in any significant investment activities with other entities, although we may consider joint venture investments with other investors. We may also invest in the securities of other issuers in connection with acquisitions of indirect interests in properties (normally general or limited partnership interests in special purpose partnerships

 

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owning properties). We may in the future acquire some, all or substantially all of the securities or assets of other REITs or similar entities where that investment would be consistent with our investment policies and the REIT qualification requirements. There are no limitations on the amount or percentage of our total assets that may be invested in any one issuer, other than those imposed by the gross income and asset tests that we must satisfy to qualify as a REIT. However, we do not anticipate investing in other issuers of securities for the purpose of exercising control or acquiring any investments primarily for sale in the ordinary course of business or holding any investments with a view to making short-term profits from their sale. In any event, we do not intend that our investments in securities will cause us or any of our subsidiaries to fall within the definition of an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and we intend to divest securities before any registration under that act would be required.

We do not intend to engage in trading, underwriting, agency distribution or sales of securities of other issuers.

Disposition policy

Although we have no current plans to dispose of properties that we acquire, we will consider doing so, subject to REIT qualification and prohibited transaction rules, if our management determines that a sale of a property would be in our best interests based on the price being offered for the property, the operating performance of the property, the tax consequences of the sale and other factors and circumstances surrounding the proposed sale.

Financing policies

We expect to incur indebtedness to supplement our investment capital. We intend to target an overall debt level of up to 50% of the aggregate purchase prices of all our portfolio properties. Our board of trustees will review these limits on a regular basis and will have the ability to amend or modify them without shareholder approval. To the extent our board amends or modifies them in the future, we will disclose any such amendments or modifications to these debt financing policies in periodic reports that we will file with the SEC.

We are in discussions to obtain commitments from a lending syndicate for a secured revolving credit facility that we anticipate will be in place following completion of the offering. We expect that the proposed facility will be secured by the hotel properties we acquire and other assets, and will be fully recourse to our property-owning subsidiaries that are borrowers thereunder. The proposed facility will be used to fund hotel acquisitions, capital expenditures and for general corporate purposes. There is no assurance that we will be able to enter into a definitive agreement relating to this proposed credit facility on terms we find acceptable.

Going forward, we will consider a number of factors when evaluating our level of indebtedness and making financial decisions, including, among others, the following:

 

 

the interest rate of the proposed financing;

 

 

the extent to which the financing impacts our ability to asset manage our properties;

 

 

prepayment penalties and restrictions on refinancing;

 

 

our long-term objectives with respect to the financing;

 

 

our target investment returns;

 

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the ability of particular properties, and our company as a whole, to generate cash flow sufficient to cover expected debt service payments;

 

 

our overall level of indebtedness;

 

 

timing of debt maturities;

 

 

provisions that require recourse and cross-collateralization;

 

 

corporate credit ratios including debt service coverage, debt to total market capitalization and debt to undepreciated assets; and

 

 

the overall ratio of fixed- and variable-rate debt.

Equity capital policies

Subject to applicable law and the requirements for listed companies on the NYSE, our board of trustees has the authority, without further shareholder approval, to issue additional authorized common and preferred shares or otherwise raise capital, including through the issuance of senior securities, in any manner and on the terms and for the consideration it deems appropriate, including in exchange for property. Existing shareholders will have no preemptive right to additional shares issued in any offering, and any offering might cause a dilution of investment. We may in the future issue common shares in connection with acquisitions. We also may issue units of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership in connection with acquisitions of property.

Our board of trustees may authorize the issuance of preferred shares with terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a transaction or a change in control in us that might involve a premium price for holders of our common shares or otherwise might be in their best interests. Additionally, preferred shares could have distribution, voting, liquidation and other rights and preferences that are senior to those of our common shares.

We may, under certain circumstances, purchase common shares in the open market or in private transactions with our shareholders, if those purchases are approved by our board of trustees. Our board of trustees has no present intention of causing us to repurchase any shares, and any action would only be taken in conformity with applicable federal and state laws and the applicable requirements for qualifying as a REIT.

In the future, we may institute a dividend reinvestment plan, or DRIP, which would allow our shareholders to acquire additional common shares by automatically reinvesting their cash dividends. Shares would be acquired pursuant to the plan at a price equal to the then prevailing market price. Shareholders who do not participate in the plan will continue to receive cash distributions as declared.

Conflict of interest policy

Our current board of trustees consists of Messrs. Francis and Vicari and as a result, the transactions and agreements in connection with the formation of our company prior to the offering have not been approved by any independent trustees. We have borrowed $249,000 from Messrs. Francis and Vicari, the proceeds of which we used to fund our operating costs and the costs of the offering. We plan to use a portion of the proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements to repay these loans to Messrs. Francis and Vicari.

 

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Effective upon closing of the offering and the concurrent private placements, we intend to adopt policies to reduce potential conflicts of interest. A “conflict of interest” occurs when a trustee’s, officer’s or employee’s personal interest interferes with our interest. Generally, we expect that our policies will provide that any transaction, agreement or relationship in which any of our trustees, officers or employees has an interest must be approved by our audit committee or a majority of our disinterested trustees. However, we cannot assure you that these policies will be successful in eliminating the influence of these conflicts. See “Risk factors—Risks related to our business.”

Applicable Maryland law provides that a contract or other transaction between a Maryland real estate investment trust and any of that entity’s trustees or any other entity in which that trustee is also a trustee or director or has a material financial interest is not void or voidable solely on the grounds of the common board membership or interest, the fact that the trustee was present at the meeting at which the contract or transaction is approved or the fact that the trustee’s vote was counted in favor of the contract or transaction, if:

 

 

the fact of the common board membership or interest is disclosed to the board or a committee of the board, and the board or that committee authorizes the contract or transaction by the affirmative vote of a majority of the disinterested members, even if the disinterested members constitute less than a quorum;

 

 

the fact of the common board membership or interest is disclosed to shareholders entitled to vote on the contract or transaction, and the contract or transaction is approved by a majority of the votes cast by the shareholders entitled to vote on the matter, other than votes of shares owned of record or beneficially by the interested director, corporation, firm or other entity; or

 

 

the contract or transaction is fair and reasonable to the trust.

Our declaration of trust specifically adopts these provisions of Maryland law.

Reporting policies

We intend to make available to our shareholders audited annual financial statements and annual reports. After the offering, we will become subject to the information reporting requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Pursuant to these requirements, we will file periodic reports, proxy statements and other information, including audited financial statements, with the SEC.

 

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Prior performance of Highland Hospitality Corporation

The information presented in this section should not be considered as indicative of our possible operations and you should not rely on this information as an indication of our future performance.

From its initial public offering in December 2003 until its sale in July 2007, our senior executive officers served as the chief executive officer and chief financial officer of Highland. The information that follows, including the tables set forth on subsequent pages, is based on information contained in the filings Highland made with the SEC. The information regarding the historical investment performance of Highland is not a guarantee or prediction of the returns that we may achieve in the future. We can offer no assurance that we will replicate the historical performance of Highland. Your return on your investment in our common shares could be substantially lower than the returns achieved by investors in Highland’s securities. See “Risk factors” for a discussion of risk factors relevant to an investment in our common shares.

Summary

Highland acquired ownership interests in 30 hotel properties for approximately $1.3 billion of capital. The portfolio was comprised primarily of upper upscale full-service hotels located in the top 25 MSAs and operated under nationally recognized brands such as Hyatt Regency ® , Hilton ® , Marriott ® , Sheraton ® and Westin ® . Highland was sold in a merger transaction to affiliates of JER Partners in July 2007. As disclosed in the definitive proxy statement filed by Highland (File No. 001-31906) in connection with that transaction on June 1, 2007, the merger consideration for the sale of Highland comprised approximately $1.2 billion payable to Highland’s common stockholders and the limited partners of Highland’s operating partnership other than Highland (representing a price of $19.50 per share of common stock or unit of limited partnership interest in Highland’s operating partnership), as well as approximately $80 million payable in respect of Highland’s outstanding shares of Series A preferred stock following the merger, and repayment or assumption of outstanding debt owed by Highland, which approximated $688.6 million as of March 31, 2007.

We intend to invest in similarly positioned hotel properties, but with an even sharper focus on upper upscale assets located within the top 25 MSAs, and to pursue a financing strategy that is similar in many respects to the financing strategy employed by Highland.

Equity capital raised

The following table sets forth summary information about equity capital raises conducted by Highland from its inception in December 2003 through its sale in July 2007.

 

       Date completed    Proceeds to Highland
Description of offering        

(dollars in millions)

             

Initial public offering (including exercise of over-allotment option) and concurrent private placements

  

December 2003

  

$

387.3

Follow-on public offering of common stock (including exercise of over-allotment option)

   September 2005      116.7

Follow-on public offering of preferred stock (including exercise of over-allotment option)

   September 2005      80.0

Follow-on public offering of common stock

   March 2006      90.2
      

 

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Debt financing raised

To help fund its acquisitions of hotel properties and support its operations, Highland supplemented the equity capital it raised through mortgages placed directly on hotel assets and borrowings under a term loan and revolving credit facility. As disclosed in its Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, on December 22, 2004, Highland obtained a $100 million secured, variable rate three-year term loan with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. On February 24, 2006, Highland extinguished the $100 million term loan facility and completed a separate unsecured revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks. The revolving credit facility provided aggregate revolving loan commitments of up to $150 million with an option to increase the amount of the facility by up to $50 million. The $50 million option was exercised in November 2006. Borrowing availability under the revolving credit facility was based on the value of Highland’s unencumbered hotel properties included in the borrowing base, as defined in the credit agreement. As of December 31, 2006, $104 million had been drawn under the facility. In its Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarter ended March 31, 2007, Highland reported $52 million of borrowing availability under the revolving credit facility as of March 31, 2007 and total long-term debt, including borrowings under the facility, of approximately $688.6 million.

Investment activities

The following table presents summary information about acquisition activity of Highland from the time of its inception in December 2003 through its sale in July 2007. Except as noted below in connection with a property acquired in 2007, the information below has been aggregated from disclosures made by Highland in its filings with the SEC. Highland acquired two properties in 2007, The Silversmith Hotel in Chicago, IL, acquired on February 23, 2007, and the Hilton Garden Inn Austin Downtown in Austin, TX, which was acquired on June 29, 2007. The acquisition of the Hilton Garden Inn Austin Downtown was not publicly disclosed by Highland prior to completion of Highland’s sale on July 17, 2007. As a result, pricing information relating to such acquisition has not been disclosed in any of the following tables.

 

       Number of Properties Acquired    Aggregate Purchase Price Paid
Year         (dollars in millions)
             

2003

   5    $ 147.5

2004

   12      441.7

2005

   6      321.9

2006

   5      346.7

2007

   2      34.4
 

 

 

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The following table sets forth information about the properties acquired by Highland that were owned at the time of its sale in July 2007. Except as noted below, the information below is based on Highland’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006.

 

Property    Number
of
Rooms
   Location    Date Acquired
      

Full Service:

        

Portsmouth Renaissance and Conference Center

   249    Portsmouth, VA    December 19, 2003

Nashville Renaissance

   673    Nashville, TN    February 24, 2006

Sugar Land Marriott and Conference Center

   300    Sugar Land, TX    December 19, 2003

Plaza San Antonio Marriott

   252    San Antonio, TX    December 19, 2003

Dallas/Fort Worth Airport Marriott

   491    Dallas/Fort Worth, TX    May 10, 2004

Omaha Marriott

   299    Omaha, NE    September 15, 2004

Ritz-Carlton Atlanta Downtown

   444    Atlanta, GA    September 22, 2006

Hyatt Regency Savannah

   351    Savannah, GA    December 30, 2003

Hyatt Regency Wind Watch Long Island

   358    Hauppauge, NY    August 19, 2004

Hilton Tampa Westshore

   238    Tampa, FL    January 8, 2004

Hilton Parsippany

   506    Parsippany, NJ    August 19, 2004

Hilton Boston Back Bay

   385    Boston, MA    October 24, 2005

Pointe Hilton Tapatio Cliffs

   585    Phoenix, AZ    March 16, 2006

Crowne Plaza Atlanta-Ravinia

   495    Atlanta, GA    August 19, 2004

Sheraton Annapolis

   196    Annapolis, MD    February 4, 2005

Westin Princeton at Forrestal Village

   294    Princeton, NJ    November 15, 2005

Wyndham Palm Springs

   410    Palm Springs, CA    July 14, 2005

The Churchill

   144    Washington, DC    December 9, 2005

The Melrose

   240    Washington, DC    March 15, 2006

The Silversmith

   143    Chicago, IL    February 23, 2007
          
   7,053      
          

Select Service:

        

Hilton Garden Inn Virginia Beach Town Center

   176    Virginia Beach, VA    December 19, 2003

Hilton Garden Inn BWI Airport

   158    Linthicum, MD    January 12, 2004

Courtyard Savannah Historic District

   156    Savannah, GA    August 2, 2004

Courtyard Boston Tremont

   315    Boston, MA    August 19, 2004

Courtyard Denver Airport

   202    Denver, CO    September 17, 2004

Courtyard Gaithersburg Washingtonian Center

   210    Gaithersburg, MD    June 1, 2006

Hilton Garden Inn Austin Downtown (1)

   254    Austin, TX    June 29, 2007
          
   1,471      
          

Extended Stay:

        

Residence Inn Tampa Downtown

   109    Tampa, FL    August 2, 2004
          

Total number of rooms

   8,633      
 

 

(1)   This acquisition occurred subsequent to Highland’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006, but prior to Highland’s sale in July 2007. Therefore, room data is based on information presented on the website maintained for this property.

 

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In addition, according to Highland’s annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, Highland disposed of two properties in 2006, the Barceló Tucancun Beach resort and the Marriott Mount Laurel hotel, which provided Highland with net sales proceeds of approximately $70.3 million and recorded net gains of approximately $9.2 million.

Prior performance tables

The following prior performance tables depict selected information about Highland, which made investments in hotel properties similar to certain of the target assets of the Company. The prior performance tables should be read together with the historical performance summary presented above. The inclusion of the tables does not imply that we will make investments comparable to those reflected in the tables or that investors in our common shares will experience returns comparable to the returns experienced by investors in Highland.

All information presented in the tables was derived from Highland’s filings with the SEC. The information in the tables below excludes information relating to Highland’s acquisition of the Hilton Garden Inn Austin Downtown, which was acquired on June 29, 2007, as information relating to such acquisition was not publicly disclosed by Highland.

Table I set forth below presents for Highland certain information regarding the amount of capital raised and invested, as well as certain other information for the period from inception in December 2003 through its sale in July 2007.

Table I. Experience in Raising and Investing Funds.

(dollars in millions)

 

       Highland
Hospitality
Corporation
        

Dollar amount raised (1)

   $ 674.2

Less offering expenses:

  

Selling commissions and discounts retained by affiliates (2)

     --

Organizational expenses (3)

     37.0

Reserves

     --

Percent available for investment

     94.5%

Total acquisition cost (4)

   $ 1,292.2

Leverage (ratio of long-term debt to stockholders’ equity) (5)

     114.6
 
(1)   Represents the sum of the gross proceeds from Highland’s initial public offering, including exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, and concurrent private placements, plus the gross proceeds to Highland from its follow-on offerings in September 2005 (common and preferred stock, including exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option in connection with the common stock offering) and March 2006.

 

(2)   Highland, as an internally managed REIT, did not receive any commissions from any amounts raised, nor were Messrs. Francis and Vicari, the co-founders of our company, separately compensated for their efforts in capital raising activities.

 

(3)   Represents aggregate fees and commissions paid to underwriters and sales agents, and fees and the estimated other expenses paid to third parties in connection with the offerings such as legal, accounting, printing, travel and listing expenses, as disclosed in the SEC filings relating to such offerings.

 

(4)   Represents the sum of the purchase price for 29 properties acquired by Highland, as it excludes pricing information relating to the acquisition of Hilton Garden Inn Austin Downtown as described above. The properties acquired by Highland were funded through a combination of cash proceeds from its equity offerings, issuance of equity securities by its operating partnership and mortgage and other debt financing.

 

(5)   Based on data disclosed in Highland’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the period ended March 31, 2007. Long-term debt includes mortgage financing and amounts borrowed under Highland’s revolving secured credit facility.

 

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Table III. Operating Results of Prior Programs.

The following table presents certain summary financial information of Highland as reported in its filings with the SEC from its inception in December 2003 through March 31, 2007, the last quarterly period for which it filed a quarterly report on Form 10-Q with the SEC.

 

      Three Months
Ended

March 31,
    Years Ended December 31,    

Period From
December 19, 2003 to

December 31, 2003

 
    2007     2006     2005     2004    
   
    (in thousands, except per share data)  
   

Statement of Operations Data:

         

Revenues

  $ 123,328      $ 422,588      $ 238,767      $ 130,971      $ 683   

Hotel operating expenses, excluding depreciation and amortization

    85,818        301,068        174,253        99,516        760   

Depreciation and amortization

    12,745        43,341        22,845        11,449        108   

Corporate general and administrative

 

 

4,655

  

    15,092        9,667        9,536        2,894   

Operating income (loss)

    20,110        63,087        32,002        10,470        (3,079

Interest income

    410        1,839        1,819        1,206        65   

Interest expense

    11,095        38,929        24,683        8,406          

Discontinued Operations:

         

Income from hotel properties sold

           1,649        800        57          

Gain on sale of hotel properties

           9,242                        
                                       

Total income from discontinued operations

           10,891        800        57          

Net income (loss)

    9,072        32,875        9,673        4,266        (2,673

Preferred stock dividends

    (1,575     (6,300     (1,627              
                                       

Net income (loss) available to common stockholders

 

 

7,497

  

 

 

26,575

  

 

 

8,046

  

    4,266        (2,673
                                       

Net income available to common stockholders per share—basic

    0.12        0.45        0.18        0.10        (0.07

Net income available to common stockholders per share—diluted

    0.12        0.44        0.18        0.10        (0.07

Statement of Cash Flows Data:

         

Net cash provided by operating activities

 

$

16,806

  

 

$

82,486

  

 

$

34,248

  

 

$

22,609

  

  $ 568   

Net cash used in investing activities

    (47,070     (307,643     (356,787     (470,617     (137,934

Net cash provided by financing activities

 

 

26,770

  

 

 

197,698

  

 

 

311,819

  

    297,859        362,996   

Distribution Data (per share) (1) :

         

Common stock

         

Ordinary income

    $ .4415      $ .3042      $ .1767          

Return of capital

      .0975        .2558        .0433          

Capital gain distribution

      .1310                        

Total common dividends declared

  $ .23      $ .67      $ .56      $ .22          

Series A preferred stock (2)

         

Ordinary income

    $ 1.5183      $ .1859            

Return of capital

                        

Capital gain distribution

      .4504                   

Total Series A preferred dividends declared

 

$

.4922

  

 

$

1.9688

  

 

$

.1859

  

        

Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program properties at the end of the last year or period reported in the table (3)

    96.36%        96.26%         
   
(1)   Information presented in the rows captioned ordinary income, return of capital and capital gain distribution in this section represent the composition of dividends declared by Highland on its common stock and Series A preferred stock in the periods presented. No dividends were declared on the common stock until the second quarter of 2004. Information about the tax composition of the dividends declared in the three months ended March 31, 2007 was not presented in Highland’s filings with the SEC or otherwise publicly available.

 

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(2)   The Series A preferred stock was issued in September 2005.

 

(3)   Calculated as the original total acquisition cost of all properties retained by Highland at period end, divided by the original total acquisition cost of all properties in the Highland portfolio. As noted in the “—Summary” section above, only two properties, the Barceló Tucancun Beach resort and the Marriott Mount Laurel hotel, were sold prior to the sale of Highland in July 2007. The difference between the percentages shown as of March 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006 results from the acquisition by Highland of one hotel property in February 2007.

Table IV sets forth certain additional information about Highland’s operations from its IPO in December 2003 through its sale in July 2007. Information about tax and distribution data, to the extent presented in Highland’s filings with the SEC, can be found in Table III, above.

Table IV. Results of Completed Programs.

(dollars in millions)

 

       Highland Hospitality
Corporation

Dollar amount raised (1)

   $674.2

Number of properties purchased

   30

Date of closing of offering (2)

   December 19, 2003

Date of first sale of property

   June 29, 2006

Date of final sale of property (3)

   July 17, 2007
(1)   Represents the sum of the gross proceeds from Highland’s initial public offering, including exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option, and concurrent private placements, plus the gross proceeds to Highland from its follow-on offerings in September 2005 (common and preferred stock, including exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option in connection with the common stock offering) and March 2006.

 

(2)   Represents the date of closing of Highland’s initial public offering. Highland also closed two follow-on offerings on September 28, 2005 (common and preferred stock), and another follow-on offering on March 14, 2006.

 

(3)   Represents the date of closing of the merger by which Highland was acquired by affiliates of JER Partners.

Table V sets forth certain information relating to the Marriott Mount Laurel hotel and the Barceló Tucancun Beach resort, properties that were sold by Highland during 2006. These properties were the only hotels sold by Highland prior to its sale in July 2007. As disclosed in Highland’s filings with the SEC, the results of operations for the Marriott Mount Laurel hotel and the Barceló Tucancun Beach resort were reclassified as discontinued operations in Highland’s consolidated statements of operations for all periods presented. For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2005 and 2004, total revenues for the Marriott Mount Laurel hotel and the Barceló Tucancun Beach resort were approximately $9.6 million, $12.4 million and $2.0 million, respectively, and pre-tax income from operations was $1.3 million, $0.9 million and $30,000, respectively.

Table V. Sales or Disposals of Properties.

 

Property  

Date Acquired

 

Date of Sale

 

Net Sales Price

 

Initial Acquisition Price (1)

Marriott Mount Laurel Hotel (2)

  September 1, 2004   June 29, 2006   $31.8 million   $14.5 million

Barceló Tucancun Beach Resort (3)

 

April 15, 2005

 

August 31, 2006

 

$38.5 million

 

$32.5 million

(1)   Represents the price paid to acquire the property. Both properties were renovated subsequent to Highland’s acquisition of them, but amounts relating to the capital expenditures made by Highland to renovate the properties was not disclosed in Highland’s filings with the SEC and such amounts are not included in this column.

 

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(2)   On June 29, 2006, the Company sold the Marriott Mount Laurel hotel in Mount Laurel, New Jersey for net sales proceeds of approximately $31.8 million and recognized a gain of approximately $7.4 million.

 

(3)   On August 31, 2006, Highland sold the Barceló Tucancun Beach resort to Playa Hotels & Resorts, S.L. for net sales proceeds of approximately $38.5 million and recognized a gain of approximately $1.3 million, net of taxes of $0.6 million. Playa Hotels & Resorts, S.L. was partially owned by Barceló Corporación Empresarial, S.A. Barceló Crestline Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Barceló Corporación Empresarial, S.A., was Highland’s preferred operator, managing 48% of Highland’s hotel rooms and advising Playa Hotels & Resorts, S.L. in evaluating investment opportunities, including the Barceló Tucancun Beach resort. Highland’s non-executive Chairman, Bruce D. Wardinski, is the Chief Executive Officer of Barceló Crestline Corporation and the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Playa Hotels & Resorts, S.L. As a result, Playa Hotels & Resorts, S.L. was considered a related party to Highland at the time of this sale. Highland’s sale of this resort was unanimously approved by a special committee consisting of Highland’s independent directors.

Table VI sets forth certain information regarding The Silversmith Hotel in Chicago, Illinois and the Hilton Garden Inn Austin Downtown hotel in Austin, Texas, the only hotel properties acquired by Highland within the most recent three years. As noted above, pricing information relating to Highland’s acquisition of the Hilton Garden Inn Austin Downtown was not publicly disclosed by Highland.

Table VI. Acquisitions of Properties by Programs.

 

Name, location and type of property    The Silversmith Hotel, Chicago, IL, a full-service hotel
Number of rooms    143
Date of purchase    February 23, 2007
Total acquisition cost (paid in cash)    $34.4 million
Name, location and type of property    Hilton Garden Inn Austin Downtown, Austin, TX, a limited-service hotel
Number of rooms    254
Date of purchase    June 29, 2007
Total acquisition cost (paid in cash)    Undisclosed

 

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Principal shareholders

Immediately prior to the completion of the offering and the concurrent private placements, there will be 100,000 common shares outstanding and two shareholders of record. The following table sets forth certain information, prior to and upon completion of the offering and the concurrent private placements, regarding the ownership of each class of our shares by:

 

 

each of our trustees;

 

 

each of our executive officers;

 

 

each holder of 5% or more of each class of our shares; and

 

 

all of our trustees and executive officers as a group.

In accordance with SEC rules, each listed person’s beneficial ownership includes:

 

 

all shares the investor actually owns beneficially or of record;

 

 

all shares over which the investor has or shares voting or dispositive control (such as in the capacity as a general partner of an investment fund); and

 

 

all shares the investor has the right to acquire within 60 days (such as restricted common shares that are currently vested or which are scheduled to vest within 60 days).

Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each named person is c/o Chesapeake Lodging Trust, 710 Route 46 East, Suite 206, Fairfield, NJ 07004. No shares beneficially owned by any executive officer or trustee have been pledged as security.

 

       Percentage of Common Shares Outstanding
     Immediately prior to
the offering
   Immediately after
the offering (1)
Beneficial Owner    Shares
Owned
   Percentage    Shares
Owned
   Percentage
                     

James L. Francis

   50,000    50%    253,000    1.7%

Douglas W. Vicari

   50,000    50%    167,000    1.1%

D. Rick Adams

         40,000    *    

Thomas A. Natelli

         52,500    *    

Thomas D. Eckert

         1,500    *    

John W. Hill

         1,500    *    

George F. McKenzie

         1,500    *    

Jeffrey D. Nuechterlein

         1,500    *    

BAMCO, Inc. (2)

         1,344,086    8.9%

All trustees, trustee nominees and executive officers as a group (8 persons)

   100,000    100%    518,500    3.4%

 

 

*   Represents less than 1% of the common shares outstanding upon the closing of the offering.
(1)   Does not reflect common shares reserved for issuance upon exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option.
(2)  

The shares to be acquired by BAMCO, Inc. will be acquired on behalf of its investment advisory client, the Baron Small Cap Fund. Ronald Baron is the indirect controlling shareholder of BAMCO, Inc. and may be deemed to share with BAMCO, Inc. voting and dispositive power over such shares. Mr. Baron disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares held by BAMCO, Inc. (or the investment advisory clients thereof) to the extent such shares are held by persons other than Mr. Baron. BAMCO, Inc. disclaims beneficial ownership of shares held by its investment advisory clients to the extent such shares are held by persons other than BAMCO, Inc. and its affiliates. The address for BAMCO, Inc., the Baron Small Cap Fund and Mr. Baron is c/o Baron Capital Group, Inc., 767 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY, 10153.

 

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Certain relationships and related transactions

Purchases of common shares by certain executive officers and trustees

Concurrently with the offering, in a separate private placement, we will sell an aggregate of 150,000 common shares (representing approximately 1% of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, excluding common shares that may be sold pursuant to the underwriters’ overallotment option) to our non-executive chairman and certain executive officers at the IPO price per share.

Loans from certain executive officers and trustees

Messrs. Francis and Vicari have loaned the company an aggregate of $249,000 to fund our operating costs and the costs related to the offering. The loans are structured as demand notes and bear interest at the Federal Short Term Rate as announced by the Internal Revenue Service. We intend to use approximately $250,000 of the net proceeds from the offering and the concurrent private placements to repay these loans to Messrs. Francis and Vicari, and we will use an additional $1,000 of proceeds to repurchase the shares acquired by them in connection with our initial capitalization.

Restricted common shares and other equity based awards

Our Equity Plan provides for grants of restricted common shares and other equity based awards to our trustees and officers and to our advisors and consultants who are providing services to us as of the date of the grant of the award. Upon completion of the offering, we will grant time-based and performance-based restricted common shares to Messrs. Francis, Vicari and Adams, as follows:

 

      

Time-Based

Restricted
Shares (1)

  

Value-

Time-Based

Restricted
Shares (2)

   Performance-
Based
Restricted
Shares (3)
  

Value-

Performance-
Based
Restricted
Shares (2)

   Total Value (2)
                                

James L. Francis

   153,000    $ 3,060,000    40,000    $ 800,000    $ 3,860,000

Douglas W. Vicari

   102,000    $ 2,040,000    25,000    $ 500,000    $ 2,540,000

D. Rick Adams

   40,000    $ 800,000            $ 800,000

 

(1)   The restrictions on the time-based restricted shares will lapse at the rate of one-third of the number of shares per year commencing on the first anniversary of the closing of the offering. Dividends will be paid on the time-based restricted shares when declared and paid on our common shares generally.

 

(2)   Based on the assumed IPO of $250,000,000 at an assumed IPO price of $20.00 per share.

 

(3)   The restrictions on the performance-based restricted shares will lapse upon our achievement of specified performance metrics. Dividends will accrue on the performance-based restricted shares that remain subject to vesting, but will only be paid if the shares vest.

 

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Description of shares of beneficial interest

The following is a summary of the material terms of our shares of beneficial interest. The discussion that follows is based in part on the terms of our declaration of trust and bylaws as both will be in effect upon completion of the offering. All references to the declaration of trust and bylaws are to these amended versions, copies of which have been filed as Exhibits 3.1 and 3.2, respectively, to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part. See “Where you can find more information.”

Common shares of beneficial interest

We are authorized to issue up to 400,000,000 common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. Holders of our common shares will be entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by our board of trustees, out of funds legally available for distribution. If we fail to pay dividends on our outstanding preferred shares of beneficial interest, if any are then outstanding, generally we may not pay dividends on or repurchase our common shares. If we were to liquidate, dissolve or wind up our affairs, holders of our common shares would be entitled to share equally and ratably in any assets available for distribution to them, after payment or provision for payment of our debts and other liabilities and the preferential amounts owing with respect to any of our outstanding preferred shares. Holders of our common shares will have no preemptive rights, which means they have no right to acquire any additional common shares that we may issue at a later date.

The holders of our common shares will be entitled to cast one vote for each share on all matters presented to our shareholders for a vote. Our common shares will be, when issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

The rights, preferences and privileges of holders of our common shares are subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of the holders of shares of any series of our preferred shares which we may designate and issue in the future.

Preferred shares of beneficial interest

We are authorized to issue up to 100,000,000 preferred shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. Our declaration of trust provides that preferred shares may be issued from time to time in one or more series and gives our board of trustees broad authority to fix the dividend and distribution rights, conversion and voting rights, if any, redemption provisions and liquidation preferences of each series of preferred shares. Holders of preferred shares will have no preemptive rights. The preferred shares will be, when issued, fully paid and nonassessable.

Power to reclassify shares and issue additional shares

Our declaration of trust authorizes our board of trustees to classify any unissued preferred shares and to reclassify any previously classified but unissued common shares and preferred shares of any series from time to time in one or more series, as authorized by the board of trustees. Prior to issuance of any classified or reclassified shares of a particular class or series, our board of trustees is required by Title 8 of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland, which we refer to as the Maryland REIT law, and our declaration of trust to set for each such class or series, subject to the provisions of our declaration of trust regarding the

 

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restrictions on transfer of shares of beneficial interest, the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each such class or series. As a result, our board of trustees could authorize the issuance of preferred shares that have priority over the common shares with respect to dividends and rights upon liquidation and with other terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of common shares or otherwise might be in their best interest.

Restrictions on ownership and transfer

To qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, our shares must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, not more than 50% of the value of our outstanding shares (after taking into account options to acquire shares) may be owned, directly, indirectly or through attribution, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year. Under the rules applicable to REITs, corporations are not considered “individuals” for purposes of this test. These requirements need not be satisfied during our first initial tax year as a REIT, but must be satisfied every year thereafter.

To maintain our qualification as a REIT, our declaration of trust will include restrictions on the number of our shares that a person may own. The declaration of trust will provide:

 

 

no person, other than a person that has received an exemption, may own directly or indirectly, or be deemed to own by virtue of certain attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, more than 9.8%, in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding common shares of any class or series;

 

 

no person, other than a person that has received an exemption, may own directly or indirectly, or be deemed to own by virtue of certain attribution provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, more than 9.8%, in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding preferred shares of any class or series;

 

 

no person (as defined in the declaration of trust) shall actually or beneficially own our shares to the extent that such ownership would result in our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT at any time;

 

 

no person (as defined in the declaration of trust) shall transfer our shares if such transfer would result in our shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons at any time;

 

 

no person may own our shares if such ownership would cause any of our income that would otherwise qualify as rents from real property to fail to qualify as such, including as a result of any of our hotel management companies failing to qualify as “eligible independent contractors” under the REIT rules; and

 

 

no person may own our shares if such ownership would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Under the declaration of trust, the board of trustees, in its sole and absolute discretion, may exempt a shareholder that is not an individual from the 9.8% ownership limit for common shares and the 9.8% ownership limit for preferred shares, if such shareholder provides information and

 

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makes representations to the board of trustees that are satisfactory to the board of trustees, in its reasonable discretion, to establish that such person’s ownership in excess of the applicable ownership limit would not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT.

In addition, our board of trustees from time to time may increase the ownership limits. However, the ownership limits may not be increased if, after giving effect to such increase, five or fewer individuals could own or constructively own in the aggregate, more than 49.9% in value of the shares then outstanding.

Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire actual or beneficial or constructive ownership of our shares that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will be required to give notice immediately to us and provide us with such other information as the board of trustees may request in order to determine the effect of such transfer on our qualification as a REIT. If any transfer of our shares occurs which, if effective, would result in any person beneficially or constructively owning shares in excess, or in violation, of the above transfer or ownership limitations, then that number of shares, the beneficial or constructive ownership of which otherwise would cause such person (referred to as a prohibited owner) to violate the transfer or ownership limitations (rounded up to the nearest whole share), will be automatically transferred to a charitable trust for the exclusive benefit of a charitable beneficiary, and the prohibited owner will not acquire any rights in such shares. This automatic transfer will be considered effective as of the close of business on the business day before the violative transfer. If the transfer to the charitable trust would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation of the above transfer or ownership limitations, then the transfer of that number of shares that otherwise would cause any person to violate the above limitations will be void. Shares held in the charitable trust will continue to constitute issued and outstanding shares. The prohibited owner will not benefit economically from ownership of any shares held in the charitable trust, will have no rights to dividends or other distributions and will not possess any rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares held in the charitable trust. The trustee of the charitable trust will be designated by us and must be unaffiliated with us or any prohibited owner and will have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares held in the charitable trust, and these rights will be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the trust’s charitable beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid before our discovery that shares have been transferred to the trustee will be paid by the recipient of such dividend or distribution to the trustee upon demand, and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid will be paid when due to the trustee. Any dividend or distribution so paid to the trustee will be held in trust for the trust’s charitable beneficiary. Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that such shares have been transferred to the charitable trust, the trustee, in its sole discretion, will have the authority to:

 

 

rescind as void any vote cast by a prohibited owner prior to our discovery that such shares have been transferred to the charitable trust; and

 

 

recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the trust’s charitable beneficiary.

However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee will not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote.

Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that shares have been transferred to the charitable trust, and unless we buy the shares first as described below, the trustee will sell the shares held in the charitable trust to a person, designated by the trustee, whose ownership of the shares will

 

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not violate the ownership limitations in our declaration of trust. Upon the sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited owner and to the charitable beneficiary. The prohibited owner will receive the lesser of:

 

 

the price paid by the prohibited owner for the shares or, if the prohibited owner did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the charitable trust (for example, in the case of a gift or devise), the market price of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the charitable trust; and

 

 

the price per share received by the trustee from the sale or other disposition of the shares held in the charitable trust (less any commission and other expenses of a sale).

The trustee may reduce the amount payable to the prohibited owner by the amount of dividends and distributions paid to the prohibited owner and owed by the prohibited owner to the trustee. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the prohibited owner will be paid immediately to the charitable beneficiary. If, before our discovery that shares have been transferred to the charitable trust, such shares are sold by a prohibited owner, then:

 

 

such shares will be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the charitable trust; and

 

 

to the extent that the prohibited owner received an amount for such shares that exceeds the amount that the prohibited owner was entitled to receive as described above, the excess must be paid to the trustee upon demand.

In addition, shares held in the charitable trust will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of:

 

 

the price per share in the transaction that resulted in such transfer to the charitable trust (or, in the case of a gift or devise, the market price at the time of the gift or devise); and

 

 

the market price on the date we, or our designee, accept such offer.

We may reduce the amount payable to the prohibited owner by the amount of dividends and distributions paid to the prohibited owner and owed by the prohibited owner to the trustee. We may pay the amount of such reduction to the trustee for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. We will have the right to accept the offer until the trustee has sold the shares held in the charitable trust. Upon such a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the prohibited owner and any dividends or other distributions held by the trustee will be paid to the charitable beneficiary.

Any certificates we may issue representing our shares will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.

Every owner of more than 5% (or such lower percentage as required by the Internal Revenue Code or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) of all classes or series of our shares, including common shares, will be required to give written notice to us within 30 days after the end of each taxable year stating the name and address of such owner, the number of shares of each class and series of shares that the owner beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which such shares are held. Each such owner shall provide to us such additional information as the board of trustees may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such beneficial

 

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ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the various ownership limitations. In addition, each shareholder shall upon demand be required to provide to the board of trustees such information as the board of trustees may request, in good faith, in order to determine our qualification as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.

These ownership limitations could delay, deter or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for the common shares or might otherwise be in the best interest of our shareholders.

Transfer agent and registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our shares initially will be American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC.

 

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Shares eligible for future sale

Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for our common shares. We cannot predict the effect, if any, that sales of common shares or the availability of shares for sale will have on the market price of our common shares prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of our common shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the prevailing market price of our common shares.

Upon the completion of the offering and the concurrent private placements, we will have 15,068,592 common shares outstanding, including the 12,500,000 common shares sold in the offering, the 2,200,092 common shares sold in the concurrent private placements and 368,500 restricted common shares granted to our officers and trustees under our Equity Plan upon completion of the offering, or 16,943,592 common shares if the underwriters’ overallotment option is exercised in full. Our Equity Plan provides for future grants of equity based awards up to an aggregate of 366,505 additional common shares.

No assurance can be given as to the likelihood that an active trading market for our common shares will develop or be maintained, that any such market will be liquid, that shareholders will be able to sell the common shares when issued or at all or the prices that shareholders may obtain for any of the common shares. No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future issuances of common shares or the availability of common shares for future issuances will have on the market price of our common shares prevailing from time to time. Issuances of substantial amounts of common shares, or the perception that such issuances could occur, may affect adversely the prevailing market price of our common shares. See “Risk factors— risks related to share ownership and the offering.”

The common shares sold in the offering will be freely tradable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act unless the shares are held by any of our “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. As defined in Rule 144, an “affiliate” of an issuer is a person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the issuer. The common shares issued in the concurrent private placements are restricted securities as that term is defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act. Restricted securities may be sold in the public market only if registered under the securities laws or if they qualify for an exemption from registration under Rule 144, as described below.

Rule 144

In general, Rule 144 provides that if (i) one year has elapsed since the date of acquisition of common shares from us or any of our affiliates and (ii) the holder is, and has not been, an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding the proposed sale, such holder may sell such common shares in the public market under Rule 144(b)(1) without regard to the volume limitations, manner of sale provisions, public information requirements or notice requirements under such rule. In general, Rule 144 also provides that if (i) six months have elapsed since the date of acquisition of common shares from us or any of our affiliates, (ii) we have been a reporting company under the Exchange Act for at least 90 days and (iii) the holder is not, and has not been, an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding the proposed sale, such holder may sell such common shares in the public market under Rule 144(b)(1) subject to satisfaction of Rule 144’s public information requirements, but without regard to the volume limitations, manner of sale provisions or notice requirements under such rule.

 

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In addition, under Rule 144, if (i) one year (or, subject to us being a reporting company under the Exchange Act for at least the preceding 90 days, six months) has elapsed since the date of acquisition of common shares from us or any of our affiliates and (ii) the holder is, or has been, an affiliate of ours at any time during the three months preceding the proposed sale, such holder may sell such common shares in the public market under Rule 144(b)(1) subject to satisfaction of Rule 144’s volume limitations, manner of sale provisions, public information requirements and notice requirements.

Registration rights

At the closing of the offering, we will enter into registration rights agreements with each of Hyatt and Baron pursuant to which we will agree to register the resale of their respective common shares owned by them and their respective permitted transferees upon their request made no earlier than six months from the closing of the offering. In addition, subject to the exceptions and limitations set forth in the registration rights agreements, these holders will have unlimited piggyback registration rights pursuant to which they may request the inclusion of their shares in any registration statement we file for the purpose of registering sales of common shares for our account or the account of future shareholders.

Following the completion of the offering, we intend to file a registration statement on Form S-8 to register the total number of common shares that may be issued under our Equity Plan.

 

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Certain provisions of Maryland law and of our declaration of trust and bylaws

The following description of certain provisions of Maryland law and of our declaration of trust and bylaws as they will be in effect upon completion of the offering is only a summary. For a complete description, we refer you to Maryland law, our declaration of trust and our bylaws. We have filed our declaration of trust and bylaws as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where you can find more information.”

Number of trustees; vacancies

Our declaration of trust and bylaws provide that the number of our trustees will be established by a vote of a majority of the members of our board of trustees. We expect to have seven trustees upon completion of the offering. Our bylaws provide that any vacancy, including a vacancy created by an increase in the number of trustees, may be filled by a majority of the remaining trustees, even if the remaining trustees do not constitute a quorum.

Removal of trustees

Our declaration of trust and bylaws provide that, subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred shares, if any, that may be issued in the future to elect or remove one or more directors, a trustee may be removed only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of trustees. For this purpose, “cause” means, with respect to any particular trustee, conviction of a felony or a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction holding that such trustee caused demonstrable, material harm to us through gross negligence, willful misconduct, bad faith or active and deliberate dishonesty. This provision, together with the provision of our bylaws described above which provides that our board has the exclusive power to fill vacancies on the board, may preclude shareholders from removing incumbent trustees and filling the vacancies created by such removal with their own nominees.

Business combinations

Our board of trustees has adopted a resolution opting us out of the business combinations provisions of Maryland law. Our board of trustees may opt to make these provisions applicable to us at any time by passing a subsequent resolution. Maryland law prohibits “business combinations” between us and an interested shareholder or an affiliate of an interested shareholder for five years after the most recent date on which the interested shareholder becomes an interested shareholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. Maryland law defines an interested shareholder as:

 

 

any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our shares; or

 

 

an affiliate or associate of ours who, at any time within the two year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding voting shares.

A person is not an interested shareholder if our board of trustees approves in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested shareholder. However, in approving a transaction, our board of trustees may provide that its approval is

 

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subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by our board of trustees.

After the five year prohibition, any business combination between us and an interested shareholder generally must be recommended by our board of trustees and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

 

 

80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our then outstanding shares of beneficial interest; and

 

 

two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our voting shares other than shares held by the interested shareholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or shares held by an affiliate or associate of the interested shareholder.

These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if our common shareholders receive a minimum price, as described under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested shareholder for its shares.

Control share acquisitions

Our bylaws contain a provision exempting any and all acquisitions of our common shares from the control shares provisions of Maryland law. Our board of trustees may opt to make these provisions applicable to us at any time by amending or repealing this bylaw provision in the future, and may do so on a retroactive basis. Maryland law provides that “control shares” of a Maryland REIT acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights unless approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquiror or by officers or trustees are excluded from the shares entitled to vote on the matter. “Control shares” are voting shares that, if aggregated with all other shares previously acquired by the acquiring person, or in respect of which the acquiring person is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiring person to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power in electing trustees within one of the following ranges of voting power:

 

 

one-tenth or more but less than one-third;

 

 

one-third or more but less than a majority; or

 

 

a majority or more of all voting power.

A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions. A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel our board of trustees to call a special meeting of shareholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the special meeting. If no request for a special meeting is made, we may present the question at any shareholders’ meeting.

If voting rights are not approved at the shareholders’ meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver the statement required by Maryland law, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, we may redeem any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved, for fair value. Fair value is determined without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares and as of the date of the last control share acquisition or of any meeting of shareholders at which the voting rights of the shares were

 

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considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a shareholders’ meeting, the acquiror may then vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, and all other shareholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares for purposes of these appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition. The control share acquisition statute does not apply to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if we are a party to the transaction, nor does it apply to acquisitions approved by or exempted by our declaration of trust or bylaws.

Merger, amendment of declaration of trust or bylaws

Under Maryland REIT law, a Maryland REIT generally cannot dissolve, amend its declaration of trust or merge with another entity unless recommended by the trustees and approved by the affirmative vote of shareholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter unless a lesser percentage, but not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, is set forth in the REIT’s declaration of trust. In our declaration of trust, we have set the vote required to approve most amendments of our declaration of trust and mergers required to be submitted to our shareholders at a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter. In addition, under the Maryland REIT law and our declaration of trust, our trustees will be permitted, without any action by our shareholders, to amend the declaration of trust from time to time to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code or the Maryland REIT law or in any manner in which the charter of a Maryland corporation may be amended without shareholder approval. Our board of trustees has the exclusive power to amend or repeal any provision of our bylaws and to make new bylaws.

Action by written consent

Our declaration of trust provides that any action required or permitted to be taken by the shareholders may not be taken without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent of our shareholders.

Limitation of liability and indemnification

Our declaration of trust limits the liability of our trustees and officers to us and our shareholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:

 

 

actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services for the amount of the benefit or profit actually received; or

 

 

a final judgment based upon a finding of active and deliberate dishonesty by the trustee/officer that was material to the cause of action adjudicated.

Our declaration of trust requires us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, to pay and advance reasonable expenses to any of our present or former trustees or officers or any individual who, while a trustee or officer, and at our request, serves or has served another entity, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a trustee, director, officer, partner or otherwise against any claim or liability arising by reason of service in such capacity.

 

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Consistent with Maryland law, we are required to indemnify our present and former trustees and officers against liabilities and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in any proceeding unless:

 

 

the act or omission of the trustee or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;

 

 

the trustee or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or

 

 

in a criminal proceeding, the trustee or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.

However, Maryland law prohibits us from indemnifying our present and former trustees and officers for an adverse judgment in a derivative action or if the trustee or officer was adjudged to be liable for an improper personal benefit. Our bylaws and Maryland law require us, as a condition to advancing expenses in certain circumstances, to obtain:

 

 

a written affirmation by the trustee or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification; and

 

 

a written undertaking to repay the amount advanced if the standard of conduct is not met.

We also expect to enter into indemnification agreements with our trustees and our officers upon the closing of the offering, providing for procedures for indemnification by us, to the fullest extent permitted by law, and advancements by us of certain expenses and costs relating to claims, suits or proceedings arising from their service to us.

We expect to obtain an insurance policy under which our trustees and executive officers will be insured, subject to the limits of the policy, against certain losses arising from claims made against such trustees and officers by reason of any acts or omissions covered under such policy in their respective capacities as trustees or officers, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act.

We have been advised that the SEC has expressed the opinion that indemnification of trustees, officers or persons otherwise controlling a company for liabilities arising under the Securities Act is against public policy and is therefore unenforceable.

Term and termination

Our declaration of trust provides for us to have a perpetual existence. Pursuant to our declaration of trust, and subject to the provisions of any of our classes or series of shares of beneficial interest then outstanding and the approval by a majority of the entire board of trustees, our shareholders, at any meeting thereof, by the affirmative vote of at least two thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, may approve a plan of liquidation and dissolution.

Meetings of shareholders

Under our bylaws, annual meetings of shareholders are to be held each year, commencing in 2010, at a date and time as determined by our board of trustees. Special meetings of shareholders may be called only by a majority of our board of trustees, by the chairman of our board of trustees, our chief executive officer or our president, or by our secretary upon written request of the holders of at least a majority of our outstanding shares entitled to vote at the meeting. Only matters set forth in the notice of the meeting may be considered and acted upon at such a meeting.

 

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Advance notice of trustee nominations and new business

Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of shareholders, nominations of persons for election to our board of trustees and the proposal of business to be considered by shareholders at the annual meeting may be made only:

 

 

pursuant to our notice of the meeting;

 

 

by our board of trustees; or

 

 

by a shareholder who was a shareholder of record both at the time of the provision of notice and at the time of the meeting who is entitled to vote at the meeting and has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws.

With respect to special meetings of shareholders, only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of shareholders.

The purpose of requiring shareholders to give advance notice of nominations and other proposals is to afford our board of trustees the opportunity to consider the qualifications of the proposed nominees or the advisability of the other proposals and, to the extent considered necessary by our board of trustees, to inform shareholders and make recommendations regarding the nominations or other proposals. The advance notice procedures also permit a more orderly procedure for conducting our shareholder meetings. These advance notice provisions may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of trustees or proposals for other action if the proper procedures are not followed, and of discouraging or deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of trustees to our board of trustees or to approve its own proposal.

Appraisal rights

As permitted by Maryland law, our declaration of trust contains a provision that denies our shareholders appraisal rights in connection with any merger, consolidation or other business combination transaction.

Possible anti-takeover effect of certain provisions of Maryland law and of our declaration of trust and bylaws

The business combination provisions of Maryland law (if our board of trustees opts to make them applicable to us), the control share acquisition provisions of Maryland law (if the applicable provision in our bylaws is rescinded), the inability of our shareholders to remove incumbent trustees other than for cause, the restrictions on the acquisition of our shares of beneficial interest, the power to issue additional common shares or preferred shares, and the advance notice provisions of our bylaws could have the effect of delaying, deterring or preventing a transaction or a change in the control that might involve a premium price for holders of the common shares or might otherwise be in their best interest. Maryland law permits our board of trustees, without shareholder approval and regardless of what is provided in our declaration of trust or bylaws, to implement takeover defenses that we may not yet have and to take, or refrain from taking, certain other actions without those decisions being subject to any heightened standard of conduct or standard of review as such decisions may be subject in certain other jurisdictions.

 

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Partnership agreement

The following summary of the terms of the agreement of limited partnership of our operating partnership does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Agreement of Limited Partnership of Chesapeake Lodging, L.P., a copy of which is an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where you can find more information.”

Management

Our operating partnership has been organized as a Delaware limited partnership. Pursuant to the partnership agreement, we have full, exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in the management and control of the operating partnership, including the ability to cause the operating partnership to enter into certain major transactions including acquisitions, dispositions, refinancings and selection of lessees and to cause changes in the operating partnership’s line of business and distribution policies. Initially, our operating partnership will be directly and indirectly wholly owned by us and there will be no limited partners other than us.

Transferability of interests

We may not voluntarily withdraw from the operating partnership or transfer or assign our general partner interest in the operating partnership or engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets in a transaction which results in a change of control of our company unless, in the case of any merger (including a triangular merger), consolidation or other combination with or into another person, either (1) following the consummation of such transaction, the equity holders of the surviving entity are substantially identical to our shareholders, or (2)(i) we receive the consent of limited partners holding more than 50% of the partnership units of the limited partners (including those held by our company or its subsidiaries), (ii) following such merger or other consolidation, substantially all of the assets of the surviving entity consist of such partnership units, and (iii) as a result of such transaction, all limited partners will receive for each partnership unit an amount of cash, securities or other property equal in value to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid in the transaction to a holder of one of our common shares, provided that if, in connection with the transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding common shares, each holder of partnership units shall be given the option to exchange its partnership units for the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property that a limited partner would have received had it (A) exercised its redemption right (described below) and (B) sold, tendered or exchanged pursuant to the offer common shares received upon exercise of the redemption right immediately prior to the expiration of the offer.

We also may merge with or into or consolidate with another entity if immediately after such merger or consolidation (i) substantially all of the assets of the successor or surviving entity, other than partnership units held by us, are contributed, directly or indirectly, to the partnership as a capital contribution in exchange for partnership units with a fair market value equal to the value of the assets so contributed as determined by the survivor in good faith and (ii) the survivor expressly agrees to assume all of our obligations under the partnership agreement and the partnership agreement shall be amended after any such merger or consolidation so as to arrive at a new method of calculating the amounts payable upon exercise of the redemption right that approximates the existing method for such calculation as closely as reasonably possible.

 

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We also may (i) transfer all or any portion of our general partnership interest to (A) a wholly-owned subsidiary or (B) a parent company, and following such transfer may withdraw as the general partner and (ii) engage in a transaction required by law or by the rules of any national securities exchange on which our common shares are listed.

Capital contribution

We will contribute, directly and through a wholly owned limited liability company subsidiary of ours, to our operating partnership substantially all of the net proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements as our initial capital contribution in exchange for all of the outstanding units in our operating partnership. The partnership agreement provides that if the operating partnership requires additional funds at any time in excess of funds available to the operating partnership from borrowing or capital contributions, we may borrow such funds from a financial institution or other lender and lend such funds to the operating partnership on the same terms and conditions as are applicable to our borrowing of such funds. Under the partnership agreement, we are obligated to contribute the proceeds of any future offering of shares as additional capital to the operating partnership. If we contribute additional capital to the operating partnership, we will receive additional partnership units and our percentage interest will be increased on a proportionate basis based upon the amount of such additional capital contributions and the value of the operating partnership at the time of such contributions. Conversely, the percentage interests of the limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis in the event of additional capital contributions by us. In addition, if we contribute additional capital to the operating partnership, we will revalue the property of the operating partnership to its fair market value (as determined by us) and the capital accounts of the partners will be adjusted to reflect the manner in which the unrealized gain or loss inherent in such property (that has not been reflected in the capital accounts previously) would be allocated among the partners under the terms of the partnership agreement if there were a taxable disposition of such property for its fair market value (as determined by us) on the date of the revaluation. The operating partnership may issue preferred partnership interests, in connection with acquisitions of property or otherwise, which could have priority over common partnership interests with respect to distributions from the operating partnership, including the partnership interests we own as the general partner.

Redemption rights

Pursuant to the partnership agreement, any future limited partners, other than us, will receive redemption rights, which will enable them to cause the operating partnership to redeem their units of partnership interests in exchange for cash or, at our option, common shares on a one-for-one basis. The cash redemption amount per unit is based on the market price of our common shares at the time of redemption. The number of common shares issuable upon redemption of units of partnership interest held by limited partners may be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain events such as share dividends, share subdivisions or combinations. We expect to fund any cash redemptions out of available cash or borrowings. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a limited partner will not be entitled to exercise its redemption rights if the delivery of common shares to the redeeming limited partner would:

 

 

be prohibited under the restrictions on ownership or transfer of our common shares in our declaration of trust;

 

 

be prohibited under applicable federal or state securities laws or regulations;

 

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result in our common shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution);

 

 

result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

 

cause us to own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant of our, the operating partnership’s or a subsidiary partnership’s real property, within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Internal Revenue Code; or

 

 

cause the acquisition of common shares by such redeeming limited partner to be “integrated” with any other distribution of common shares for purposes of complying with the registration provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

We may, in our sole and absolute discretion, waive any of these restrictions.

The partnership agreement requires that the operating partnership be operated in a manner that enables us to satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT, to avoid any U.S. federal income or excise tax liability imposed by the Internal Revenue Code (other than any U.S. federal income tax liability associated with our retained capital gains) and to ensure that the partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” taxable as a corporation under Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code.

In addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the operating partnership, the operating partnership generally will pay all of our administrative costs and expenses, including:

 

 

all expenses relating to our continuity of existence and our subsidiaries’ operations;

 

 

all expenses relating to offerings and registration of securities;

 

 

all expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any of our periodic or other reports and communications under federal, state or local laws and regulations;

 

 

all expenses associated with our compliance with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body; and

 

 

all of our other operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary course of business on behalf of the operating partnership.

These expenses, however, do not include any of our administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred that are attributable to hotel properties that are owned by us directly rather than by the operating partnership or its subsidiaries.

Fiduciary responsibilities

Our trustees and officers have duties under applicable Maryland law to manage us in a manner consistent with the best interests of our shareholders. At the same time, we, as the general partner of our operating partnership, have fiduciary duties to manage our operating partnership in a manner beneficial to our operating partnership and its partners. Our duties, as general partner to our operating partnership and its limited partners, therefore, may come into conflict with the duties of our trustees and officers to our shareholders. We will be under no obligation to give priority to the separate interests of the limited partners of our operating partnership or our shareholders in deciding whether to cause the operating partnership to take or decline to take any actions.

 

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The limited partners of our operating partnership expressly will acknowledge that as the general partner of our operating partnership, we are acting for the benefit of the operating partnership, the limited partners and our shareholders collectively.

Distributions

The partnership agreement provides that the operating partnership will distribute cash from operations (including net sale or refinancing proceeds, but excluding net proceeds from the sale of the operating partnership’s property in connection with the liquidation of the operating partnership) at such time and in such amounts as determined by us in our sole discretion, to us and the limited partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the operating partnership.

Upon liquidation of the operating partnership, after payment of, or adequate provision for, debts and obligations of the partnership, including any partner loans, any remaining assets of the partnership will be distributed to us and the limited partners with positive capital accounts in accordance with their respective positive capital account balances.

Allocations

Initially, our operating partnership will be wholly owned by us and will not be treated as a separate entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, all profits and losses of the operating partnership will be allocated to us. Upon the issuance of any units in our operating partnership to another partner, profits and losses of the partnership (including depreciation and amortization deductions) for each fiscal year generally will be allocated to us and the other limited partners in accordance with the respective percentage interests in the partnership. All of the foregoing allocations are subject to compliance with the provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code and Treasury regulations promulgated thereunder. To the extent Treasury regulations promulgated pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code permit, we, as the general partner, shall have the authority to elect the method to be used by the operating partnership for allocating items with respect to contributed property acquired in connection with the offering for which fair market value differs from the adjusted tax basis at the time of contribution, and such election shall be binding on all partners.

Term

The operating partnership will continue indefinitely, or until sooner dissolved upon:

 

 

our bankruptcy, dissolution, removal or withdrawal as the general partner (unless the limited partners elect to continue the partnership);

 

 

the passage of 90 days after the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the partnership;

 

 

the redemption of all partnership units (other than those held by us, if any); or

 

 

an election by us in our capacity as the general partner.

 

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Tax matters

Initially, our operating partnership will not be treated as a separate entity for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Upon the issuance of any units in our operating partnership to another partner, our partnership agreement provides that we, as the sole general partner of the operating partnership, will be the tax matters partner of the operating partnership and, as such, will have authority to handle tax audits and to make tax elections under the Internal Revenue Code on behalf of the operating partnership.

 

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Material U.S. federal income tax considerations

The following discussion describes the U.S. federal income tax considerations reasonably anticipated to be material to prospective holders in connection with the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common shares. As used in this section, references to the terms “we,” “our” and “us” mean only Chesapeake Lodging Trust and not its subsidiaries or other lower-tier entities, except as otherwise indicated. An applicable prospectus supplement will contain information about additional U.S. federal income tax considerations, if any, relating to particular offerings of common shares, preferred shares, depositary shares, warrants, subscription rights, preferred shares purchase rights or other securities of Chesapeake Lodging Trust. Because this is a summary that is intended to address only material U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to the ownership and disposition of our common shares, it may not contain all the information that may be important to you. As you review this discussion, you should keep in mind that the tax consequences for you may vary depending on your particular tax situation. This summary is for general information only, and does not purport to discuss all aspects of U.S. federal income taxation that may be important to a particular investor in light of its investment or tax circumstances, or to investors subject to special tax rules, such as:

 

 

a tax-exempt organization, except to the extent discussed below in “—Taxation of tax-exempt U.S. shareholders”;

 

 

a broker-dealer;

 

 

a non-U.S. shareholder (as defined below), except to the extent discussed below in “—Taxation of non-U.S. shareholders”;

 

 

a trust, estate, regulated investment company, REIT, financial institution, insurance company or S corporation;

 

 

a person subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

 

a person holding our common shares as part of a “hedge,” “straddle,” “conversion transaction,” “synthetic security” or other integrated investment;

 

 

a person holding our common shares through a partnership or similar pass-through entity;

 

 

a person holding 10% or more (by vote or value) of our outstanding common shares, except to the extent discussed below;

 

 

a person holding our common shares on behalf of another persons as a nominee;

 

 

a person who receives our common shares through the exercise of employee share options or otherwise as compensation; or

 

 

a U.S. expatriate.

In addition:

 

 

this summary does not address state, local or non-U.S. tax considerations;

 

 

this summary deals only with investors that hold our common shares as a “capital asset” within the meaning of Section 1221 of the Internal Revenue Code; and

 

 

this discussion is not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice.

The information in this section is based on the Internal Revenue Code, current, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations, the legislative history of the Internal Revenue Code, current

 

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administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service (the “IRS”), and court decisions. The reference to IRS interpretations and practices includes the IRS practices and policies endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS except with respect to the taxpayer that receives the ruling. In each case, these sources are relied upon as they exist on the date of this discussion. Future legislation, Treasury Regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions could change current law or adversely affect existing interpretations of current law on which the information in this section is based. Any such change could apply retroactively. We have not received any rulings from the IRS concerning its qualification as a REIT. Accordingly, even if there is no change in the applicable law, no assurance can be provided that the statements made in the following discussion, which do not bind the IRS or the courts, will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if so challenged.

You are urged both to review the following discussion and to consult with your own tax advisor to determine the impact of your personal tax situation on the anticipated tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common shares. This includes the federal, state, local, foreign and other tax consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common shares and the potential changes in applicable tax laws, or any judicial or administrative interpretations thereof.

U.S. federal income taxation of Chesapeake Lodging Trust

We intend to elect to be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes prior to the completion of this offering and to elect to be taxed as a REIT, commencing with our short taxable year ending December 31, 2009, upon the filing of our U.S. federal income tax return for such year. We believe that we have been organized, and expect to operate in such a manner to qualify for taxation as a REIT.

The law firm of Hogan & Hartson LLP has acted as our tax counsel in connection the offering. We have received an opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP to the effect that our organization and our proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for our short taxable year ending December 31, 2009, and thereafter. It must be emphasized that the opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP is based on various assumptions relating to our organization and operation, and is conditioned upon factual representations and covenants made by our management regarding our organization, assets, income, the present and future conduct of our business operations, and other items regarding our ability to meet the various requirements for qualification as a REIT, and assumes that such representations and covenants are accurate and complete and that we will take no action inconsistent with our qualification as a REIT. While we intend to operate so that we will qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given by Hogan & Hartson LLP or by us that we will qualify as a REIT for any particular year. The opinion is expressed as of the date issued. Hogan & Hartson LLP will have no obligation to advise us or our shareholders of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed, or of any subsequent change in the applicable law. You should be aware that opinions of counsel are not binding on the IRS, and no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge the conclusions set forth in such opinions. Hogan & Hartson LLP’s opinion does not foreclose the possibility that we may have to utilize one or more of the REIT savings provisions discussed below, which could require us to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order for us to maintain our REIT qualification.

 

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Our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual (or, in some cases, quarterly) operating results, the various requirements under the Internal Revenue Code that are described in this discussion. These requirements apply to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition and values of our assets, our distribution levels, and the diversity of ownership of our common shares. Given the complex nature of the REIT qualification requirements, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given by us that we will satisfy such requirements. For a discussion of the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the failure to qualify as a REIT, see “—Requirements for qualification as a REIT—Failure to qualify as a REIT” below.

The sections of the Internal Revenue Code and the corresponding Treasury regulations that govern the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its shareholders are highly technical and complex. The following discussion is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions, rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof.

Regular corporations (corporations that do not qualify as REITs or for other special classification under the Internal Revenue Code) generally are subject to federal corporate income tax on their income, and shareholders of such corporations are subject to tax on dividends they receive from such corporations. Qualification for taxation as a REIT, however, enables the REIT and its shareholders to substantially eliminate the “double taxation” (that is, taxation at both the corporate and shareholder levels) that generally results from an investment in a regular corporation. Accordingly, as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal corporate income tax on our federal taxable income that is distributed currently to our shareholders as dividends, while our shareholders generally will be subject to tax on dividends they receive from us at ordinary income rates (other than dividends designated as “capital gain dividends” or “qualified dividend income”). In contrast to this treatment of REIT shareholders, through December 31, 2010, shareholders of regular domestic corporations and certain types of foreign corporations who are taxed at individual rates generally are taxed on dividends they receive at long-term capital gain rates, which are lower for individuals than ordinary income rates. In addition, corporate shareholders of regular corporations (unlike corporate shareholders of REITs) generally receive the benefit of a dividends received deduction that substantially reduces the effective rate that they pay on such dividends. Nevertheless, because REITs and their shareholders are generally subject to only a single level of tax, income earned by a REIT and distributed currently to its shareholders generally will be subject to lower aggregate rates of U.S. federal income taxation than if such income were earned by a regular domestic corporation or a qualifying foreign corporation and then distributed to its shareholders.

While we generally will not be subject to corporate income taxes on taxable income that we distribute currently to shareholders, we will be subject to U.S. federal income tax as follows:

 

(1)   We will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed “REIT taxable income.” A REIT’s “REIT taxable income” is the otherwise taxable income of the REIT subject to certain adjustments, including a deduction for dividends paid.

 

(2)   Under certain circumstances, we (or our shareholders) may be subject to the “alternative minimum tax” due to our items of alternative minimum tax adjustments.

 

(3)  

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non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate on such income. In general, foreclosure property is property acquired by us as a result of having bid in a foreclosure or through other legal means subsequent to a default on a lease of such property or on an indebtedness secured by such property.

 

(4)   Our net income from “prohibited transactions” will be subject to a 100% tax. In general, “prohibited transactions” are certain sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.

 

(5)   If we fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test described below under “—Gross income tests applicable to REITs,” but our failure is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and we nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements are met, we will be subject to a tax equal to the product of (a) the gross income attributable to the greater of the amount by which we fail either of the 75% or 95% gross income tests multiplied by (b) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.

 

(6)   If we fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (a) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year, (b) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year, and (c) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods less excess distributions from prior periods, we will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of amounts actually distributed and amounts retained but with respect to which U.S. federal income tax was paid.

 

(7)   If arrangements between us and our TRS are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties, we will be subject to a 100% penalty tax on amounts received from, or on certain amounts deducted by, a TRS.

 

(8)   We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. To the extent we make a timely designation of such gain to our shareholders, a U.S. shareholder would (a) include its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain in its income, (b) be deemed to have paid the tax that we paid on such gain, (c) be allowed a credit for its proportionate share of the tax it was deemed to have paid, and (d) increase its basis in our common shares.

 

(9)   If we fail to satisfy any of the asset tests discussed below under “—Asset tests applicable to REITs” because we own assets the total value of which exceeds a statutory de minimis standard but the failure is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and we nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because other requirements are met, we will be subject to a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the amount determined by multiplying the net income generated by such non-qualifying assets by the highest rate of tax applicable to corporations during the periods when such assets would have caused us to fail the relevant asset test.

 

(10)   If we fail to satisfy a requirement under the Internal Revenue Code the failure of which would result in the loss of our REIT status, other than a failure described in paragraph (5) or (9) above, but (a) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and (b) we nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because the requirements of certain relief provisions are satisfied, we will be subject to a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.

 

(11)   If we fail to comply with the requirement to send annual letters to our shareholders requesting information regarding the actual ownership of our common shares and the failure was not due to reasonable cause or was due to willful neglect, we will be subject to a $25,000 penalty or, if the failure is intentional, a $50,000 penalty.

 

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(12)   If we acquire any assets from a regular corporation in a carryover basis transaction, we will be liable for corporate income tax, at the highest applicable corporate rate, on the “built-in gain” with respect to those assets at the time we acquired them if we dispose of those assets within 10 years after acquiring them (provided no election is made for the transaction to be currently taxable). To the extent that assets are transferred to us in a carryover basis transaction by a partnership in which a corporation owns an interest, we will be subject to this tax in proportion to the corporation’s interest in the partnership. “Built-in gain” is the amount by which an asset’s fair market value exceeds its adjusted tax basis at the time we acquired the asset.

 

(13)   The earnings of any subsidiaries that are C corporations, including any TRSs, are subject to federal corporate income tax.

If we are subject to taxation on our REIT taxable income or are subject to tax due to the sale of a built-in gain asset, a portion of the dividends paid during the following year to our shareholders who are taxed as individuals may be subject to tax at reduced long-term capital gain rates rather than at ordinary income rates. See “—Taxation of taxable U.S. shareholders – Qualified dividend income.”

Notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, (i) we and/or our subsidiaries that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax may have to pay certain state and local income taxes, because not all states and localities treat REITs and such subsidiaries in the same manner that they are treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and (ii) we and our subsidiaries that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax will be required to pay certain foreign taxes to the extent that we own assets or conducts operations in foreign jurisdictions. Moreover, our TRS, including with respect to income earned by each of its domestic subsidiaries, is subject to U.S. federal, state and local corporate income taxes on its net income, and, in addition, any non-U.S. TRS would be subject to applicable foreign income taxes.

Requirements for qualification as a REIT

The Internal Revenue Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association:

 

(1)   that is managed by one or more directors or trustees;

 

(2)   the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest;

 

(3)   that would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856 through 859 of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

(4)   that is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code;

 

(5)   the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons;

 

(6)   during the last half of each taxable year, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares of which are owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer “individuals” (as defined in the Internal Revenue Code to include certain entities and as determined by applying certain attribution rules);

 

(7)   that makes an election to be taxable as a REIT for the current taxable year, or has made this election for a previous taxable year, which election has not been revoked or terminated, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT qualification;

 

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(8)   that uses a calendar year for U.S. federal income tax purposes; and

 

(9)   that meets other applicable tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions.

Conditions (1) through (4), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year, and condition (5) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of twelve months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than twelve months. Conditions (5) and (6) need not be satisfied during a corporation’s initial tax year as a REIT (which, in our case, will be 2009). Our declaration of trust provides restrictions regarding the ownership and transfers of our common shares, which are intended to assist us in satisfying the share ownership requirements described in conditions (5) and (6) above. For purposes of determining share ownership under condition (6) above, a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes generally is considered an individual. However, a trust that is a qualified trust under Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code generally is not considered an individual, and beneficiaries of a qualified trust are treated as holding shares of a REIT in proportion to their actual interests in the trust for purposes of condition (6) above.

To monitor compliance with the share ownership requirements, we are generally required to maintain records regarding the actual ownership of our common shares. To do so, we must demand written statements each year from the record holders of significant percentages of our common shares pursuant to which the record holders must disclose the actual owners of the common shares (i.e., the persons required to include in gross income the dividends paid by us). We must maintain a list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with this demand as part of our records. We could be subject to monetary penalties if we fail to comply with these record-keeping requirements. A shareholder that fails or refuses to comply with the demand is required by Treasury regulations to submit a statement with its tax return disclosing the actual ownership of our common shares and other information.

For purposes of condition (8), we intend to adopt December 31 as our year end, and thereby satisfy this requirement.

If we were to fail to satisfy the share ownership requirements and could not avail ourselves of any statutory relief provisions, we would not qualify as a REIT. See “—Failure to qualify as a REIT” below.

Effect of subsidiary entities

Ownership of qualified REIT subsidiaries.     If a REIT owns a corporate subsidiary that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary,” or QRS, the separate existence of that subsidiary will be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the subsidiary will be treated as assets, liabilities and tax items of the REIT itself. Generally, a QRS is a corporation all of the capital stock of which is owned by one REIT and that is not a TRS. These entities are not subject to federal corporate income taxation, although they may be subject to state and local taxation in certain jurisdictions.

Ownership of TRSs.     A TRS is an entity that is taxable as a corporation in which the REIT owns, directly or indirectly, an equity interest, including stock, and that elects, together with the REIT, to be treated as a TRS under the Internal Revenue Code. In addition, if a TRS of a REIT owns, directly or indirectly, securities representing more than 35% of the vote or value of a subsidiary corporation, that subsidiary will also be treated as a TRS. A TRS is a regular corporation subject to

 

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U.S. federal income tax, and state, local or foreign income tax where applicable, at applicable corporate rates. If dividends are paid to us by a TRS then a portion of the dividends from us to our shareholders who are taxed at individual rates will generally be eligible for taxation at lower capital gain rates, rather than at ordinary income rates. See “—Taxation of U.S. shareholders—Qualified dividend income.” The income and assets of our TRS and its subsidiaries are not attributable to us for purposes of satisfying the income and asset ownership requirements applicable to REIT qualification.

A TRS must not directly or indirectly operate or manage a lodging or health care facility or, generally, provide to another person, under a franchise, license or otherwise, rights to any brand name under which any lodging facility or health care facility is operated. Although a TRS may not operate or manage a lodging facility, it may lease or own such a facility so long as the facility is a “qualified lodging facility” and is operated on behalf of the TRS by an “eligible independent contractor.” A “qualified lodging facility” is, generally, a hotel at which no authorized gambling activities are conducted, and includes the customary amenities and facilities operated as part of, or associated with, the hotel. “Customary amenities” must be customary for other properties of a comparable size and class owned by other owners unrelated to the REIT. An “eligible independent contractor” is an independent contractor that, at the time a management agreement is entered into with a TRS to operate a “qualified lodging facility,” is actively engaged in the trade or business of operating “qualified lodging facilities” for a person or persons unrelated to either the TRS or any REITs with which the TRS is affiliated. A hotel management company that otherwise would qualify as an “eligible independent contractor” with regard to a TRS of a REIT will not so qualify if the hotel management company and/or one or more actual or constructive owners of 10% or more of the hotel management company actually or constructively own more than 35% of the REIT, or one or more actual or constructive owners of more than 35% of the hotel management company own 35% or more of the REIT (determined with respect to a REIT whose shares are regularly traded on an established securities market by taking into account only the shares held by persons owning, directly or indirectly, more than 5% of the outstanding shares of the REIT and, if the stock of the eligible independent contractor is publicly traded, 5% of the publicly traded stock of the eligible independent contractor). We intend to take all steps reasonably practicable to ensure, that neither our TRS nor any of its subsidiaries (nor any TRS that we may own in the future) will engage in “operating” or “managing” our hotels and that the hotel management companies engaged to operate and manage hotels leased to or owned by the TRS will qualify as “eligible independent contractors” with regard to the TRS. We believe that Hyatt will qualify, and Hyatt intends to qualify, as an eligible independent contractor. In that regard, constructive ownership under Section 318 of the Internal Revenue Code resulting, for example, from relationships between Hyatt and our other shareholders could impact Hyatt’s ability to satisfy the applicable ownership limit. Because of the broad scope of the attribution rules of Section 318 of the Internal Revenue Code, it is possible that not all prohibited relationships will be identified and avoided. The existence of such a relationship would disqualify Hyatt (or another hotel management company) as an eligible independent contractor, which would in turn disqualify us as a REIT. Our declaration of trust restricts ownership and transfer of our shares in a manner intended to facilitate continuous qualification of Hyatt (or another hotel management company) as an eligible independent contractor, but no assurances can be given that such transfer and ownership restrictions will ensure that Hyatt (or another hotel management company), in fact, will be an eligible independent contractor. As noted above, Hogan & Hartson LLP’s opinion as to REIT qualification is based upon our representations and covenants as to the absence of such relationships. Hyatt’s

 

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failure to qualify as an eligible independent contractor does not give us the right to terminate a management agreement.

Certain restrictions are imposed on TRSs. First, a TRS may not deduct interest payments made in any year to an affiliated REIT to the extent that such payments exceed, generally, 50% of the TRSs adjusted taxable income for that year (although the TRS may carry forward to, and deduct in, a succeeding year interest expense disallowed under the 50% test provided certain conditions are met). In addition, a REIT would be obligated to pay a 100% penalty tax on some payments from the TRS that it receives, including interest or rent, or on certain expenses deducted by the TRS, if the IRS were able to assert successfully that the economic arrangements between the REIT and the TRS did not meet specified arm’s length standards set forth in the Internal Revenue Code. Our TRSs may make substantial interest and other payments to us, including payments of rent under hotel leases. There can be no assurance that the limitation on interest deductions applicable to TRSs will not apply to the interest payments made to us by our TRS and its subsidiaries, resulting in an increase in the corporate income tax liability of each such subsidiary. In addition, there can be no assurance that the IRS might not seek to impose the 100% excise tax on a portion of the payments received by us from, or expenses deducted by, our TRS and its subsidiaries.

Because of the restrictions applicable to the income, assets and activities of a REIT, we may need to conduct certain business activities in one or more TRSs. These business activities include alternative uses of real estate, such as the development and/or sale of timeshare or condominium units. As discussed below under “—Asset tests applicable to REITs,” the aggregate value of all of a REIT’s ownership interests (debt or equity) in TRSs may not exceed 25% of the value of all of that REIT’s assets.

Ownership of partnership interests by a REIT.     A REIT that is a partner in a partnership will be deemed to own its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and will be deemed to be entitled to the income of the partnership attributable to such share. In addition, the character of the assets and gross income of the partnership retains the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of the gross income tests and the asset tests applicable to REITs, as described below. Thus, our proportionate share of the assets and items of gross income of our operating partnership, including its share of such items of any subsidiaries that are partnerships or limited liability companies that have not elected to be treated as corporations for U.S. federal income tax purposes, are treated as assets and items of gross income of Chesapeake Lodging Trust for purposes of applying the requirements described herein. A summary of the rules governing the U.S. federal income taxation of partnerships and their partners is provided below in “—Tax aspects of our ownership of interests in our operating partnership” As the sole general partner of our operating partnership, we have direct control over our operating partnership and indirect control over the subsidiaries in which our operating partnership or a subsidiary has a controlling interest. We currently intend to operate these entities in a manner consistent with the requirements for qualification as a REIT.

Gross income tests applicable to REITs

In order to maintain qualification as a REIT, we must satisfy the following two gross income tests on an annual basis:

At least 75% of our gross income must be derived directly or indirectly from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property, including:

 

(1)   “rents from real property”;

 

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(2)   dividends or other distributions, and gain from the sale of, shares in other REITs;

 

(3)   gain on the disposition of real property or mortgages on real property, in either case, not held for sale to customers;

 

(4)   interest on obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property; or

 

(5)   from temporary investments of new capital in stock and debt instruments during the one-year period following our receipt of new capital that we raise through equity offerings or issuance of debt obligations with at least a five-year term.

At least 95% of our gross income must be derived from any combination of income qualifying under the 75% test, dividends, interest, and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, in either case, not held for sale to customers.

The following items of income and gain are excluded from the computation of these gross income tests: (i) gross income from “prohibited transactions;” (ii) income from, and gain from the sale or disposition of, certain hedging transactions (as discussed below); and (iii) certain foreign currency income.

The IRS has regulatory authority to determine whether any item of income, which is not otherwise described as qualifying income under the 95% or 75% gross income tests, may be treated as qualifying income for purposes of such tests or be excluded therefrom.

Rents from real property

We expect that rents paid pursuant to leases, together with dividends and interest received from TRS and its subsidiaries generally will constitute most of our gross income. Several conditions must be satisfied in order for rents received by a REIT to qualify as “rents from real property.” First, the amount of rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. An amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term “rents from real property” solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.

Second, rents received from a tenant will not qualify as “rents from real property” if a REIT, or an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of that REIT, actually or constructively owns 10% or more of the tenant. An exception to this general rule allows a REIT to lease its hotel properties to a TRS without the rents received from that subsidiary being disqualified as “rents from real property” by reason of the REIT’s direct or indirect ownership interest in the TRS. We currently intend to lease substantially all of any properties that we acquire to our taxable subsidiary.

Third, if rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property is greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to such personal property will not qualify as “rents from real property.”

Fourth, if a REIT operates or manages a property or furnishes or renders certain “impermissible services” to the tenants at the property, and the income derived from the services exceeds one percent of the total amount received by that REIT with respect to the property, then no amount received by the REIT with respect to the property will qualify as “rents from real property.” Impermissible services are services other than services “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of real property and not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant.” For these purposes, the income that a REIT is considered to receive from the provision

 

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of “impermissible services” will not be less than 150% of the cost of providing the service. If the amount so received is one percent or less of the total amount received by us with respect to the property, then only the income from the impermissible services will not qualify as “rents from real property.” There are two exceptions to this rule. First, impermissible services can be provided to tenants through an independent contractor from whom the REIT derives no income. To the extent that impermissible services are provided by an independent contractor, the cost of the services generally must be borne by the independent contractor. Second, impermissible services can be provided to tenants at a property by a TRS.

In order for the rent paid pursuant to a REIT’s leases to constitute “rents from real property,” the leases must be respected as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Accordingly, the leases cannot be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. The determination of whether the leases are true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes depends upon an analysis of all the surrounding facts and circumstances. In making such a determination, courts have considered a variety of factors, including the following:

 

 

the intent of the parties;

 

 

the form of the agreement;

 

 

the degree of control over the property that is retained by the property owner (for example, whether the lessee has substantial control over the operation of the property or whether the lessee was required simply to use its best efforts to perform its obligations under the agreement); and

 

 

the extent to which the property owner retains the risk of loss with respect to the property (for example, whether the lessee bears the risk of increases in operating expenses or the risk of damage to the property) or the potential for economic gain with respect to the property.

In addition, Section 7701(e) of the Internal Revenue Code provides that a contract that purports to be a service contract or a partnership agreement is treated instead as a lease of property if the contract is properly treated as such, taking into account all relevant factors. Since the determination of whether a service contract should be treated as a lease is inherently factual, the presence or absence of any single factor may not be dispositive in every case.

We currently intend to structure our leases so that they qualify as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes. For example, with respect to each lease, we generally expect that:

 

 

Our operating partnership and the lessee will intend for their relationship to be that of a lessor and lessee, and such relationship will be documented by a lease agreement;

 

 

the lessee will have the right to exclusive possession and use and quiet enjoyment of the hotels covered by the lease during the term of the lease;

 

 

the lessee will bears the cost of, and will be responsible for, day-to-day maintenance and repair of the hotels other than the cost of certain capital expenditures, and will dictate through the hotel managers, who will work for the lessee during the terms of the leases, and how the hotels will be operated and maintained;

 

 

the lessee will bear all of the costs and expenses of operating the hotels, including the cost of any inventory used in their operation, during the term of the lease, other than the cost of certain furniture, fixtures and equipment, and certain capital expenditures;

 

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the lessee will benefit from any savings and will bear the burdens of any increases in the costs of operating the hotels during the term of the lease;

 

 

in the event of damage or destruction to a hotel, the lessee will be at economic risk because it will bear the economic burden of the loss in income from operation of the hotels subject to the right, in certain circumstances, to terminate the lease if the lessor does not restore the hotel to its prior condition;

 

 

the lessee will indemnify the lessor against all liabilities imposed on the lessor during the term of the lease by reason of (A) injury to persons or damage to property occurring at the hotels or (B) the lessee’s use, management, maintenance or repair of the hotels;

 

 

the lessee will be obligated to pay, at a minimum, substantial base rent for the period of use of the hotels under the lease;

 

 

the lessee will stand to incur substantial losses or reap substantial gains depending on how successfully it, through the hotel managers, who work for the lessees during the terms of the leases, operates the hotels;

 

 

we expect that each lease that we enter into, at the time we enter into it (or at any time that any such lease is subsequently renewed or extended) will enable the tenant to derive a meaningful profit, after expenses and taking into account the risks associated with the lease, from the operation of the hotels during the term of its leases; and

 

 

upon termination of each lease, the applicable hotel will be expected to have a remaining useful life equal to at least 20% of its expected useful life on the date the lease is entered into, and a fair market value equal to at least 20% of its fair market value on the date the lease was entered into.

If, however, the leases were recharacterized as service contracts or partnership agreements, rather than true leases, or disregarded altogether for tax purposes, all or part of the payments that the lessor receives from the lessees would not be considered rent and would not otherwise satisfy the various requirements for qualification as “rents from real property.” In that case, we would not be able to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income tests and, as a result, would lose our REIT status.

As indicated above, “rents from real property” must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. We intend to structure our leases such that the leases provide for periodic payments of a specified base rent plus, to the extent that it exceeds the base rent, additional rent which is calculated based upon the gross sales of the hotels subject to the lease, plus certain other amounts. Payments made pursuant to these leases should qualify as “rents from real property” since they are generally based on either fixed dollar amounts or on specified percentages of gross sales fixed at the time the leases were entered into. The foregoing assumes that the leases will not be renegotiated during their term in a manner that has the effect of basing either the percentage rent or base rent on income or profits. The foregoing also assumes that the leases are not in reality used as a means of basing rent on income or profits. More generally, the rent payable under the leases will not qualify as “rents from real property” if, considering the leases and all the surrounding circumstances, the arrangement does not conform with normal business practice. We currently intend that we will not renegotiate the percentages used to determine the percentage rent during the terms of the leases in a manner that has the effect of basing rent on income or profits. In addition, we currently intend to structure our leases

 

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to ensure that the rental provisions and other terms of the leases conform with normal business practice and are not intended to be used as a means of basing rent on income or profits.

We may lease certain items of personal property to our lessees in connection with our leases. Under the Internal Revenue Code, if a lease provides for the rental of both real and personal property and the portion of the rent attributable to personal property is 15% or less of the total rent due under the lease, then all rent paid pursuant to such lease qualifies as “rents from real property.” If, however, a lease provides for the rental of both real and personal property, and the portion of the rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent due under the lease, then no portion of the rent that is attributable to personal property will qualify as “rents from real property.” The amount of rent attributable to personal property is the amount which bears the same ratio to total rent for the taxable year as the average of the fair market value of the personal property at the beginning and end of the year bears to the average of the aggregate fair market value of both the real and personal property at the beginning and end of such year. We currently intend that, with respect to each of our leases that includes a lease of items of personal property, either the amount of rent attributable to personal property with respect to such lease will not exceed 15% of the total rent due under the lease (determined under the law in effect for the applicable period), or, with respect to leases where the rent attributable to personal property constitutes non-qualifying income, such amounts, when taken together with all other non-qualifying income earned by the applicable REIT, will not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT.

We may structure our leases such that the lessor will be permitted take certain measures, including requiring the lessee to purchase certain furniture, fixtures and equipment or to lease such property from a third party, including a TRS, if necessary to ensure that all of the rent attributable to personal property with respect to such lease will qualify as “rents from real property.” We expect that the only material tax impact of the ownership of this personal property by the taxable REIT subsidiaries will be that it will reduce the rent payments from the taxable REIT subsidiaries to the lessors of the hotels with which the personal property is associated, which may increase the taxable income of the taxable REIT subsidiaries.

Income from foreclosure property

If a REIT acquires real property and personal property incident to such real property through a foreclosure or similar process following a default on a lease of such property or a default on indebtedness owed to the REIT that is secured by the property, and if the REIT makes a timely election to treat such property as “foreclosure property” under applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, net income (including any foreign currency gain) the REIT realizes from such property generally will be subject to tax at the maximum U.S. federal corporate income tax rate, regardless of whether the REIT distributes such income to its shareholders currently. However, such income will nonetheless qualify for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests even if it would not otherwise be qualifying income for such purposes in the absence of the foreclosure property election. If an unrelated third party lessee defaults under a lease, the REIT is permitted to lease the hotel to a taxable REIT subsidiary, in which case the hotel would not become foreclosure property, as described herein.

Interest

“Interest” generally will be non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests if it depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However,

 

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interest based upon a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales may still qualify under the 75% and 95% gross income tests. We may receive interest payments from our taxable REIT subsidiaries. These amounts of interest are qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not necessarily the 75% gross income test. We do not anticipate that the amounts of interest derived from our taxable REIT subsidiaries would affect our ability to continue to satisfy the 75% gross income test.

Dividends

We may receive dividends from our taxable REIT subsidiary, and we could realize capital gain with respect to our investments in our taxable REIT subsidiary (either due to distributions received from the taxable REIT subsidiary or upon a disposition of part or all of our interest in a taxable REIT subsidiary). Our share of any dividends received from one or more of our taxable REIT subsidiaries or capital gain recognized with respect thereto should qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. We do not anticipate that the amounts of dividends from our taxable REIT subsidiaries and/or capital gain with respect to our TRS and its subsidiaries will affect our ability to continue to satisfy the 75% gross income test.

Hedging transactions

From time to time, we may enter into transactions to hedge against interest rate risks or value fluctuations associated with one or more of our assets or liabilities. These hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase these items, futures and forward contracts and other financial instruments. To the extent that a REIT enters into a transaction in the normal course of its business primarily to manage the risk of interest rate changes, price changes or currency fluctuations with respect to indebtedness incurred or to be incurred by the REIT to acquire or carry real estate assets, any income or gain from the hedging transaction will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests provided that the REIT clearly and timely identifies such hedging transaction in the manner required under the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder (a “qualifying hedging transaction”). Income of a REIT arising from hedging transactions that are entered into to manage the risk of currency fluctuations will not be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 75% or 95% gross income test, provided the REIT clearly identifies the transaction as such before the close of the day on which it was acquired, originated, or entered into (or such other time as set forth in Treasury Regulations) (a “qualifying foreign currency transaction”). We currently intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our REIT status, although this determination depends on an analysis of the facts and circumstances concerning each hedging transaction.

Foreign currency gains

“Real estate foreign exchange gain” is excluded from the calculation of the 75% and 95% gross income tests and other “passive foreign exchange gain” is excluded from the calculation of the 95% gross income test. “Real estate foreign exchange gain” means (i) foreign currency gain attributable (without duplication) to (A) an item of income or gain to which the 75% gross income test applies, (B) the acquisition or ownership of obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, or (C) becoming or being the obligor under obligations secured by mortgages on real property or interests in real property, or (ii) foreign currency gain attributable to a “qualified business unit” or “QBU” of the REIT under Code Section 987, provided the QBU itself satisfies both the 75% gross income test and the 75% asset test described

 

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below under “—Asset Tests Applicable to REITs.” “Passive foreign exchange gain” is (without duplication) real estate foreign exchange gain, foreign currency gain attributable to an item of income or gain to which the 95% gross income test applies, foreign currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of obligations, or foreign currency gain attributable to becoming or being the obligor under obligations.

Temporary investment income

For purposes of the gross income tests, temporary investment income generally constitutes qualifying income if such income is earned as a result of investing new capital raised through the issuance of our common shares or certain long-term debt obligations in stock and debt obligations, but only during the one-year period beginning on the date we receive the new capital.

Failure to satisfy the income tests

We will have gross income from various sources, including the sources described in the preceding paragraphs, that fails to constitute qualifying income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. Taking into account our anticipated sources of non-qualifying income, however, we expect that our aggregate gross income will satisfy the 75% and 95% gross income tests applicable to REITs for each taxable year commencing with our first taxable year as a REIT.

If we were to fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for such year if we were entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. These relief provisions generally would be available if our failure to meet such tests were due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, and, following identification of the failure, we filed with the IRS a schedule describing each item of its gross income qualifying under one or more of the gross income tests. It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. If these relief provisions were inapplicable to a particular set of circumstances involving us we would not qualify as a REIT. As discussed above under “—U.S. Federal income taxation of Chesapeake Lodging Trust,” even if these relief provisions were to apply, a tax based on the amount of the relevant REIT’s non-qualifying income would be imposed.

Prohibited transactions tax

Any gain realized by us on the sale of any property held as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, including our share of any such gain realized by our operating partnership or any other subsidiary partnership and taking into account any related foreign currency gains or losses, will be treated as income from a “prohibited transaction” that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. Whether property is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends upon all the facts and circumstances with respect to the particular transaction. However, we will not be treated as a dealer in real property for the purpose of the 100% penalty tax if: (i) we have held the property for at least two years and for the production of rental income (unless such property was acquired through foreclosure or deed in lieu of foreclosure or lease termination); (ii) capitalized expenditures on the property in the two years preceding the year of sale are less than 30% of the net selling price of the property; (iii) we either (a) have seven or fewer sales of property (excluding sales of foreclosure property or in connection with an involuntary conversion (“excluded sales”)) for the year of sale or (b) the aggregate tax basis of property sold (other than excluded sales) during the year of sale is 10% or less of the aggregate

 

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tax basis of all of our assets as of the beginning of the taxable year, or (c) the fair market value of property sold (other than excluded sales) during the year of sale is less than 10% of the fair market value of all of our assets as of the beginning of the taxable year; and (iv) if the requirement described in clause (iii)(a) of this paragraph is not satisfied, substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures with respect to the property sold are made through an independent contractor from whom we derive no income. The sale of more than one property to one buyer as part of one transaction constitutes one sale.

We currently intend to hold hotels for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, to engage in the business of acquiring and owning hotels and to make sales of hotels consistent with our investment objectives. However, some of our sales may not satisfy the “safe harbor” requirements described above and there can be no assurance that the IRS might not contend that one or more of these sales is subject to the 100% penalty tax.

Asset tests applicable to REITs

At the close of each quarter of the taxable year, we must satisfy six tests relating to the nature of our assets, as follows:

 

(1)   At least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by “real estate assets,” cash, cash items, foreign currency that meets certain requirements under the Internal Revenue Code, and government securities. Real estate assets include interests in real property, mortgages secured by real estate assets, shares of other REITs, and stock or debt instruments held for less than one year purchased with the proceeds of an offering of shares or certain long-term debt obligations.

 

(2)   Not more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by securities, other than those described in (1) above.

 

(3)   Except for securities described in (1) above and securities of TRSs or QRSs, the value of any one issuer’s securities owned by us may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets.

 

(4)   Except for securities described in (1) above and securities of TRSs or QRSs, we may not own more than 10% of any one issuer’s outstanding voting securities.

 

(5)   Except for securities described in (1) above, securities of TRSs or QRSs, and certain types of indebtedness that are not treated as securities for purposes of this test, as discussed below, we may not own more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer.

 

(6)   Not more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by the securities of one or more TRSs.

Each of our assets for purposes of these tests includes our allocable share of all assets held by the entities in which we owns an interest that are partnerships or disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and the subsidiaries of these entities that are partnerships or disregarded entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes, and generally do not include the equity interests in these entities. For purposes of the asset tests other than the 10% value test, an allocable share of the assets of an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes is determined in accordance with the capital interests in that entity. For purposes of the 10% value test, an allocable share of the assets of an entity that is treated as a partnership

 

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for U.S. federal income tax purposes is determined in accordance with our proportionate ownership of the equity interests and the other securities issued by that entity, other than certain securities specified in the Internal Revenue Code.

Securities, for purposes of the asset tests, may include debt a REIT holds from other issuers. However, the Internal Revenue Code specifically provides that the following types of debt will not be taken into account as securities for purposes of the 10% value test: (1) securities that meet the “straight debt” safe harbor, as discussed in the next paragraph; (2) loans to individuals or estates; (3) obligations to pay rents from real property; (4) rental agreements described in Section 467 of the Internal Revenue Code (other than such agreements with related party tenants); (5) securities issued by other REITs; (6) debt issued by partnerships (other than straight debt or other excluded securities) that derive at least 75% of their gross income from sources that constitute qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test; (7) any debt not otherwise described in this paragraph that is issued by a partnership, but only to the extent of the REIT’s interest as a partner in the partnership; (8) certain securities issued by a state, the District of Columbia, a foreign government, or a political subdivision of any of the foregoing, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico; and (9) any other arrangement determined by the IRS.

Debt will meet the “straight debt” safe harbor if (1) neither the REIT nor any of its controlled TRSs (i.e., TRSs in which the REIT directly or indirectly owns more than 50% of the vote or value of the outstanding stock) owns any securities not described in the preceding paragraph that have an aggregate value greater than one percent of the issuer’s outstanding securities, as calculated under the Internal Revenue Code, (2) the debt is a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money, (3) the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock, and (4) the interest rate and the interest payment dates of the debt are not contingent on the profits, the borrower’s discretion or similar factors other than certain contingencies relating to the timing and amount of principal and interest payments, as described in the Internal Revenue Code. Specifically, contingencies regarding time of payment and interest are permissible for purposes of qualifying as a straight debt security if either (1) such contingency does not have the effect of changing the effective yield to maturity, as determined under the Internal Revenue Code, other than a change in the annual yield to maturity that does not exceed the greater of (i) 5% of the annual yield to maturity or (ii) 0.25%, or (2) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuer’s debt instruments held by the REIT exceeds $1,000,000 and not more than 12 months of unaccrued interest can be required to be prepaid thereunder. In addition, debt will not be disqualified from being treated as “straight debt” solely because the time or amount of payment is subject to a contingency upon a default or the exercise of a prepayment right by the issuer of the debt, provided that such contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice.

We do not currently intend to own, as of each relevant testing date, more than 10% of (i) the voting securities of any entity that is treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, except for securities described in subparagraph (1) of the preceding paragraph, securities of QRSs, and securities of corporations or other entities that qualify and elect to be treated as TRSs or (ii) the value of the securities of any issuer except for securities described in subparagraph (1) of the preceding paragraph, securities of TRSs, or securities of QRSs. In addition, we do not currently intend to exceed the 5% asset test percentage threshold unless the issuer is a TRS or the securities are described in subparagraph (1) of the preceding paragraph. We currently intend that the aggregate value of the securities of our TRS will not exceed 25% of the value of our total assets and that the aggregate value of the securities of our TRS, together with

 

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all other assets that do not qualify for purposes of the 75% asset test, will not exceed 25% of the total value of our assets. There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS might not contend that the value of any of the securities owned by us exceeds on a relevant testing date one or more of the value limitations.

After initially meeting the asset tests at the close of any quarter, a REIT will not lose its qualification as a REIT for failure to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in the relative values of its assets (including a change caused solely by the change in the foreign currency exchange rate used to value a foreign asset). If the failure to satisfy the asset tests results from an acquisition of securities or other property during a quarter, the failure can be cured by the disposition of sufficient non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. An example of such an acquisition would be an increase in our interest in our operating partnership as a result of the exercise of a limited partner’s redemption right relating to units in our operating partnership (“OP Units”) or an additional capital contribution of proceeds from an offering of capital stock by us.

Furthermore, the failure to satisfy the asset tests can be remedied even after the 30-day cure period. If the total value of the assets that caused a failure of the 5% test, the 10% voting securities test or the 10% value test does not exceed the lesser of 1% of the REIT’s assets at the end of the relevant quarter and $10,000,000, a REIT can cure such a failure by disposing of sufficient assets to cure such a violation within six months following the last day of the quarter in which the REIT first identifies the failure of the asset test. For a violation of any of the asset tests attributable to the ownership of assets the total value of which exceeds the amount described in the preceding sentence, a REIT can avoid disqualification as a REIT if the violation is due to reasonable cause and the REIT disposes of an amount of assets sufficient to cure such violation within the six-month period described in the preceding sentence, pays a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest corporate income tax rate multiplied by the net income generated by the non-qualifying assets during the period of time that the assets were held as non-qualifying assets, and files a schedule with the IRS that describes the assets that caused us to tax the asset. The applicable Treasury Regulations have yet to be issued. Thus, it is not possible to state with precision under what circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these provisions.

We currently intend to monitor our compliance with the asset tests and to take such actions within 30 days after the close of any quarter, to the extent reasonably practicable, as may be required to cure any noncompliance. If we fail to cure noncompliance with the asset tests within such time period, we would cease to qualify as a REIT unless we could avail ourselves of available relief provisions. In certain circumstances, utilization of such provisions could result in us being required to pay an excise or penalty tax which could be significant in amount.

Annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs

To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends, to our shareholders in an amount at least equal to:

 

(i)   the sum of (a) 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and the REIT’s net capital gain, and (b) 90% of the net income, after tax, if any, from foreclosure property, minus

 

(ii)   the sum of certain items of non-cash income.

Dividend distributions generally must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate. Dividends may be paid in the following taxable year in two circumstances. First, dividends may be paid in

 

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the following taxable year if declared before we timely file our tax return for such year and if paid on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such declaration. Second, if we declare a dividend in October, November or December of any year with a record date in one of those months and pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following year, we will be treated as having paid the dividend on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared. We currently intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy these annual distribution requirements. In this regard, our operating partnership’s partnership agreement authorizes us, as general partner, to take such steps as may be necessary to cause our operating partnership to distribute to its partners an amount sufficient to permit us to meet these distribution requirements.

In order for distributions to be counted toward satisfying the annual distribution requirement for REITs, and to provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the distributions must not be “preferential dividends.” A dividend is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is (1)  pro rata among all outstanding shares within a particular class, and (2) in accordance with the preferences among different classes of shares as set forth in our organizational documents.

To the extent that a REIT does not distribute all of its net capital gain or distributes at least 90%, but less than 100%, of its REIT taxable income within the periods described above, it will be subject to income tax on the retained portion at regular capital gain and ordinary corporate income tax rates.

If we were to recognize “built-in-gain” (as defined below) on the disposition of any assets acquired from a “C” corporation in a transaction in which our basis in the assets was determined by reference to the “C” corporation’s basis (for instance, if the assets were acquired in a tax-free reorganization), we would be required to distribute at least 90% of the built-in-gain net of the tax it would pay on such gain. “Built-in-gain” is the excess of (a) the fair market value of the asset (measured at the time of acquisition) over (b) the basis of the asset (measured at the time of acquisition).

There is a possibility that our taxable income could exceed our cash flow, due in part to certain non-cash or “phantom” income that would be taken into account in computing REIT taxable income. It is possible, because of these differences in timing between our recognition of taxable income and our receipt of cash available for distribution, that we, from time to time, may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets with which to meet our distribution requirements. In this event, in order to meet the distribution requirements, we may find it necessary to arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowings to fund required distributions and/or to pay dividends in the form of taxable share dividends.

We currently intend to calculate our REIT taxable income based upon the conclusion that the lessor is the owner of the hotels for U.S. federal income tax purposes. As a result, we expect that the depreciation deductions with respect to the hotels owned by the lessors will reduce our REIT taxable income. This conclusion is consistent with the conclusion above that the leases of our hotels will be treated as true leases for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If, however, the IRS were to challenge successfully this position, in addition to failing in all likelihood the 75% and 95% gross income tests described above, we also might be deemed retroactively to have failed to meet the REIT distribution requirements and would have to rely on the payment of a “deficiency dividend” in order to retain REIT status.

Under certain circumstances, a REIT may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to shareholders in a later year, which

 

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deficiency dividends may be included in the REIT’s deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may be able to avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends; however, Chesapeake Lodging Trust, as applicable, would be required to pay to the IRS interest based upon the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.

A REIT is subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax on any excess of the required distribution over the sum of amounts actually distributed and amounts retained on which U.S. federal income tax was paid, if it does not distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of:

 

(1)   85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year;

 

(2)   95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year; and

 

(3)   any undistributed taxable income from prior taxable years net of excess distributions from prior taxable years.

A REIT may elect to retain rather than distribute all or a portion of its net capital gain and pay the tax on such gain. In that case, a REIT may elect to have its shareholders include their proportionate share of the undistributed net capital gain in their income as long-term capital gain and receive a credit for their share of the tax paid by the REIT. For purposes of the 4% excise tax described above, any retained amounts would be treated as having been distributed.

Recordkeeping requirements

We are required to comply with applicable recordkeeping requirements. Failure to comply could result in monetary fines.

Failure to qualify as a REIT

If we do not comply with one or more of the conditions required for qualification as a REIT (other than the asset tests and the income tests that have the specific mitigation clauses discussed above in “—Requirements for qualification as a REIT—Asset tests applicable to REITs” and “—Gross income tests applicable to REITs”), we can avoid disqualification as a REIT by paying a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure, provided that our noncompliance was due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect. If we were to fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year, and if the statutory relief provisions were not to apply, we would be subject to corporate income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to shareholders in any year in which a REIT was to fail to qualify as a REIT would not be deductible by the distributing entity nor would such distributions be required to be made. As a result, a failure by us to qualify as a REIT would significantly reduce the cash available for distribution by us to our shareholders and could materially reduce the value of our common shares. In addition, if we were to fail to qualify as a REIT, all distributions to our shareholders would be taxable as dividends, to the extent of our current and accumulated E&P, even if such dividends were attributable to our capital gain. Subject to certain limitations imposed by the Internal Revenue Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction with respect to these distributions and individual distributees may be eligible for the reduced long-term capital gain rate of 15% or less on such dividends. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which our qualification was lost. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to such statutory relief.

 

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Tax aspects of our ownership of interests in our operating partnership

General.     Substantially all of our investments are owned indirectly through our operating partnership, which will own the hotel properties either directly or through certain subsidiaries. This discussion focuses on the tax aspects of our ownership of hotel properties through partnerships. In general, partnerships are “pass-through” entities that are not subject to U.S. federal income tax. Rather, partners are allocated their proportionate shares of the items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit of a partnership, and are potentially subject to tax thereon, without regard to whether the partners receive a distribution from the partnership. We currently intend to include in our gross income our proportionate share of the foregoing partnership items for purposes of the various REIT income tests and in the computation of our REIT taxable income. Moreover, for purposes of the REIT asset tests, we currently intend to include our proportionate share of assets held through our operating partnership and those of its subsidiaries that are either disregarded as separate entities or treated as partnerships for U.S. federal income tax purposes. See “—Requirements for qualification as a REIT—Effect of subsidiary entities—Ownership of partnership interests by a REIT” above.

Entity classification.     If our operating partnership or any non-corporate subsidiary were treated as an association, the entity would be taxable as a corporation and, therefore, would be subject to U.S. federal and state income tax on its taxable income. In such a situation, the character of our assets and items of gross income would change and could preclude us from qualifying as a REIT (see “—Requirements for qualification as a REIT—Asset tests applicable to REITs” and “—Requirements for qualification as a REIT—Gross income tests applicable to REITs” above).

The tax treatment of Chesapeake Lodging Trust and the U.S. federal income tax consequences of the ownership of our common shares would be materially different from the consequences described herein if our operating partnership and all of its subsidiaries (other than our TRS and its subsidiaries) were not classified as partnerships or disregarded as separate entities for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Pursuant to Treasury Regulations under Section 7701 of the Internal Revenue Code, a partnership will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes unless it elects to be treated as a corporation or would be treated as a corporation because it is a “publicly traded partnership.”

Neither our operating partnership nor any of its non-corporate subsidiaries that are not TRSs or QRSs has elected or will elect to be treated as a corporation. Therefore, subject to the disclosure below, our operating partnership and each subsidiary that is not a TRS or QRS will be treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes (or, if such an entity has only one partner or member, disregarded entirely for U.S. federal income tax purposes).

Pursuant to Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code, a partnership that does not elect to be treated as a corporation nevertheless will be treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes if it is a “publicly traded partnership” and it does not derive at least 90% of its gross income from certain specified sources of “qualifying income” within the meaning of that section. A “publicly traded partnership” is any partnership (i) the interests in which are traded on an established securities market or (ii) the interests in which are readily tradable on a “secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof.”

OP Units will not be traded on an established securities market and we will take the reporting position for U.S. federal income tax purposes that our operating partnership is not a publicly traded partnership. There is a significant risk, however, that the right of a holder of OP Units to

 

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redeem the units for our common shares could cause OP Units to be considered readily tradable on the substantial equivalent of a secondary market. Under the relevant Treasury regulations, interests in a partnership will not be considered readily tradable on a secondary market or on the substantial equivalent of a secondary market if the partnership qualifies for specified “safe harbors,” which are based on the specific facts and circumstances relating to the partnership. We believe that our operating partnership will qualify for at least one of these safe harbors at all times in the forseeable future. We cannot provide any assurance that our operating partnership will continue to qualify for one of the safe harbors mentioned above.

If our operating partnership were a publicly traded partnership, it would be taxed as a corporation unless at least 90% of its gross income consists of “qualifying income” under Section 7704 of the Internal Revenue Code. Qualifying income is generally real property rents and other types of passive income. We believe that our operating partnership will have sufficient qualifying income so that it would be taxed as a partnership, even if it were a publicly traded partnership. The income requirements applicable to us to qualify as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code and the definition of qualifying income under the publicly traded partnership rules are very similar. Although differences exist between these two income tests, we do not believe that these differences would cause our operating partnership not to satisfy the 90% gross income test applicable to publicly traded partnerships.

If our operating partnership were taxable as a corporation, most, if not all, of the tax consequences described herein would be inapplicable. In particular, we would not qualify as a REIT because the value of our ownership interest in our operating partnership would exceed 5% of our assets and we would be considered to hold more than 10% of the voting securities (and more than 10% of the value of the outstanding securities) of another corporation (see “—Requirements for qualification as a REIT—Asset tests applicable to REITs” above). In this event, the value of our common shares could be materially adversely affected (see “—Requirements for qualification as a REIT—Failure to qualify as a REIT” above).

Allocations of our operating partnership’s income, gain, loss and deduction.     A partnership agreement will generally determine the allocation of income and loss among partners. However, such allocations will be disregarded for U.S. federal income tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder. Generally, Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder require that partnership allocations respect the economic arrangement of the partners.

If an allocation is not recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership, which will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to such item. The allocations of taxable income and loss provided for in our operating partnership’s partnership agreement are intended to comply with the requirements of Section 704(b) of the Internal Revenue Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder.

Tax allocations with respect to the hotels.     Pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code, income, gain, loss and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property, such as any hotel property, that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, the difference between the adjusted tax basis and the fair market value of such

 

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property at the time of contribution. This difference is known as book-tax difference. Our operating partnership’s partnership agreement requires that such allocations be made in a manner consistent with Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code. Any property purchased by our operating partnership for cash initially will have an adjusted tax basis equal to its fair market value, and Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code will not apply. In the future, however, our operating partnership may admit partners in exchange for a contribution of appreciated property. Treasury Regulations issued under Section 704(c) of the Internal Revenue Code provide partnerships with a choice of several methods of accounting for book-tax differences. Under certain available methods, the carryover basis of contributed properties in the hands of our operating partnership (i) would cause us to be allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for tax purposes than would be allocated to us if all contributed properties were to have a tax basis equal to their fair market value at the time of the contribution and (ii) in the event of a sale of such properties, could cause us to be allocated taxable gain in excess of the economic or book gain allocated to us as a result of such sale, with a corresponding benefit to the contributing partners. An allocation described in (ii) above might cause us to recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds in the event of a sale or other disposition of property, which might adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements and may result in a greater portion of our distributions being taxed as dividends. We have not yet decided what method will be used to account for book-tax differences for properties that may be acquired by our operating partnership in the future.

Taxation of taxable U.S. shareholders

This section summarizes the taxation of U.S. shareholders that are not tax-exempt organizations. For these purposes, a U.S. shareholder is a beneficial owner of our common shares that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is:

 

 

a citizen or resident of the U.S.;

 

 

a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the U.S. or of a political subdivision thereof (including the District of Columbia);

 

 

an estate whose income is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

 

any trust if (1) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust, or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.

If an entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes holds our common shares, the U.S. federal income tax treatment of a partner generally will depend upon the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. A partner of a partnership holding our common shares should consult its own tax advisor regarding the U.S. federal income tax consequences to the partner of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares by the partnership.

A “non-U.S. shareholder” is a beneficial holder of our common shares that is not a U.S. shareholder, as defined herein, or an entity that is treated as a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

 

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Distributions generally

So long as we qualify as a REIT, the distributions (or deemed distributions) made by us out of our current or accumulated E&P other than capital gain dividends or retained capital gain as discussed below, will generally be taken into account by shareholders as ordinary income and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporations. To the extent that we make distributions not designated as capital gain dividends in excess of our current and accumulated E&P, such distributions are treated first as a tax-free return of capital to each U.S. shareholder, reducing the adjusted tax basis that such U.S. shareholder has in its common shares for U.S. federal income tax purposes by the amount of such distribution, but not below zero, with distributions in excess of such U.S. shareholder’s adjusted tax basis taxable as capital gain, provided that the common shares have been held as a capital asset. We will notify shareholders after the close of its taxable year as to the portion of its distributions attributable to that year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital and capital gain. Our distributions of ordinary income, except to the extent properly designated by us as qualified dividend income, will not qualify for the maximum 15% long-term capital gain rate that generally applies to distributions by regular corporations to shareholders who are taxed as individuals.

Distributions will generally be taxable, if at all, in the year of distribution. However, if we declare a dividend in October, November or December of any year and pays such dividend to a shareholder of record on a specified date in any such month, such dividend will be treated as both paid by us and received by the shareholder on December 31 of such year, provided that the dividend is actually paid by us on or before January 31 of the following year.

For purposes of computing liability for alternative minimum tax, certain of our alternative minimum tax adjustments will be treated as alternative minimum tax adjustments of our shareholders in the ratio that our distributions bear to our taxable income (determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid). Amounts treated as alternative minimum tax adjustments of our shareholders are deemed to be derived by the shareholders proportionately from each such alternative minimum tax adjustment of us and are taken into account by the shareholders in computing their alternative minimum taxable income for the taxable year to which the dividends are attributable.

Capital gain distributions; retained net capital gain

Distributions that we properly designate as capital gain dividends are taxable to U.S. shareholders as gain from the sale or exchange of a capital asset held for more than one year (without regard to the period for which such taxable U.S. shareholder has held his shares) to the extent that such designated dividends do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year. A U.S. shareholder’s share of a capital gain dividend is an amount which bears the same ratio to the total amount of dividends paid to such U.S. shareholder for the year as the aggregate amount designated as a capital gain dividend bears to the aggregate amount of all dividends paid on all classes of shares for the year.

If we designate any portion of a dividend as a capital gain dividend, a U.S. shareholder will receive an IRS Form 1099 - DIV indicating the amount that will be taxable to the shareholder as capital gain. Corporate shareholders, however, may be required to treat up to 20% of capital gain dividends as ordinary income.

 

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Instead of paying capital gain dividends, we may designate all or part of our net capital gain as “undistributed capital gain.” In that case, we will be subject to tax at regular corporate income tax rates on any undistributed capital gain.

A U.S. shareholder:

 

(1)   will include in its income as long-term capital gain its proportionate share of such undistributed capital gain; and

 

(2)   will be deemed to have paid its proportionate share of the tax paid by us on such undistributed capital gain and receive a credit or a refund to the extent that the tax paid by us exceeds the U.S. shareholder’s tax liability on the undistributed capital gain.

A U.S. shareholder will increase the basis in its common shares by the difference between the amount of capital gain included in its income and the amount of tax it is deemed to have paid. Our E&P will be adjusted appropriately.

We will classify portions of any designated capital gain dividend or undistributed capital gain as either:

 

(1)   a 15% rate gain distribution, which would be taxable to non-corporate U.S. shareholders at a maximum rate of 15%, and to U.S. shareholders that are corporations at a maximum rate of 35%; or

 

(2)   an “unrecaptured Section 1250 gain” distribution, which would be taxable to non-corporate U.S. shareholders at a maximum rate of 25%, to the extent of previously claimed depreciation deductions.

We must determine the maximum amounts that we may designate as 15% and 25% rate capital gain dividends by performing the computation required by the Internal Revenue Code as if we are an individual whose ordinary income is subject to a marginal tax rate of at least 28%. Designations made by us will be effective only to the extent that they comply with Revenue Ruling 89-81, which requires that distributions made to different classes of shares be composed proportionately of dividends of a particular type. If we designate any portion of our net capital gain as undistributed capital gain, a U.S. shareholder will receive an IRS Form 2439 indicating the total amount of undistributed capital gain, the amount of unrecaptured Section 1250 gain, if any, and the tax paid by us on the undistributed capital gain.

Qualified dividend income

We may designate a portion of our distributions paid to U.S. shareholders as “qualified dividend income.” That portion of a distribution which is properly designated as qualified dividend income is taxable to a non-corporate U.S. shareholder at long-term capital gain rates, so long as the U.S. shareholder satisfies the applicable holding requirements. As a general rule, the shareholder must have held the common shares with respect to which the distribution is paid for at least 60 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date for the distribution. The maximum amount of our distributions eligible to be designated as qualified dividend income for a taxable year is equal to the sum of:

 

(1)   the qualified dividend income received by us during such taxable year from regular corporations;

 

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(2)   the excess of any “undistributed” REIT taxable income recognized during the immediately preceding year over the U.S. federal income tax paid by us with respect to such undistributed REIT taxable income; and

 

(3)   the excess of any income recognized during the immediately preceding year attributable to the sale of a built-in gain asset that was acquired in a carryover basis transaction from a regular corporation over the U.S. federal income tax paid by us with respect to such built-in gain.

Generally, dividends that we receive will be treated as qualified dividend income for purposes of (1) above if (A) the dividends are received from (i) a U.S. corporation (other than a REIT or a regulated investment company), (ii) any TRS we may form, or (iii) a “qualified foreign corporation,” and (B) specified holding period requirements and other requirements are met. A foreign corporation (other than a “passive foreign investment company”) will constitute a qualified foreign corporation if it is incorporated in a possession of the United States, the corporation is eligible for benefits of an income tax treaty with the United States that the Secretary of Treasury determines is satisfactory, or the stock of the foreign corporation on which the dividend is paid is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States. If we designate any portion of a dividend as qualified dividend income, a U.S. shareholder will receive an IRS From 1099–DIV indicating the amount that will be taxable to the holder as qualified dividend income.

Passive activity losses; investment interest limitation

U.S. shareholders may not include in their income tax returns any net operating losses or capital losses of Chesapeake Lodging Trust. Instead, such losses may be carried over by us for potential offset against future income, subject to certain limitations. Distributions made by us and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a U.S. shareholder of our common shares will not be treated as passive activity income, and, as a result, U.S. shareholders generally will not be able to apply any “passive losses” against such income or gain.

Taxable dividend distributions from us generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of the “investment interest limitation.” This limitation provides that a non-corporate U.S. shareholder may deduct as an itemized deduction in any taxable year only the amount of interest incurred in connection with property held for investment that does not exceed the excess of the shareholder’s investment income over his or her investment expenses for that year. A non-corporate U.S. shareholder may elect to treat capital gain dividends, capital gain from the disposition of shares, including distributions treated as such, and income designated as qualified dividend income as investment income, in which case the applicable capital gain will be taxed at ordinary income rates. We intend to comply each year with IRS guidance or Treasury Regulations on the notification of shareholders regarding the portions of distributions for each year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital and capital gain.

Dispositions of our common shares

Upon any sale or other disposition of our common shares, a U.S. shareholder will recognize gain or loss for U.S. federal income tax purposes in an amount equal to the difference between (1) the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received with respect to such sale or other disposition and (2) the holder’s adjusted tax basis in such common shares for U.S. federal income tax purposes. In general, a U.S. shareholder’s adjusted basis will equal the U.S.

 

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shareholder’s acquisition cost, increased by the excess for net capital gains deemed distributed to the U.S. shareholder, less tax deemed paid on it and reduced by returns of capital.

The applicable tax rate will depend on the U.S. shareholder’s holding period of the asset (generally, if an asset has been held for more than one year, it will produce long-term capital gain) and the U.S. shareholder’s tax bracket. The IRS has the authority to prescribe, but has not yet prescribed, regulations that would apply a capital gain tax rate of 25% (which is higher than the maximum 15% long-term capital gain tax rate for non-corporate shareholders) to a portion of capital gain realized by a non-corporate U.S. shareholder on the sale of REIT shares that would correspond to the REIT’s “unrecaptured Section 1250 gain.” U.S. shareholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to their capital gain tax liability. A corporate U.S. shareholder will be subject to tax at a maximum rate of 35% on capital gain from the sale of our common shares held for more than 12 months.

Capital losses recognized by a U.S. shareholder upon the disposition of our common shares that were held for more than one year at the time of disposition will be considered long-term capital losses, and are generally available only to offset capital gain income of the shareholder but not ordinary income (except in the case of individuals, who may offset up to $3,000 of ordinary income each year). In addition, any loss upon a sale or exchange of our common shares by a U.S. shareholder who has held the common shares for six months or less, after applying holding period rules, will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions that we make that are required to be treated by the U.S. shareholder as long-term capital gain.

Taxation of tax-exempt U.S. shareholders

U.S. tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension plans and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from U.S. federal income taxation. Such entities, however, may be subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI. The IRS has ruled that dividend distributions from a REIT to a tax-exempt entity generally do not constitute UBTI. Based on that ruling and provided that a tax-exempt shareholder has not held our common shares as “debt financed property” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code and such common shares are not otherwise used in a trade or business, the dividend income from us will not be UBTI to a tax-exempt shareholder. Similarly, income from the sale of common shares will not constitute UBTI unless such tax-exempt shareholder has held such common shares as “debt financed property” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code or has used the common shares in a trade or business.

However, for a tax-exempt shareholder that is a social club, voluntary employee benefit association, supplemental unemployment benefit trust or qualified group legal services plan exempt from U.S. federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20) of the Internal Revenue Code, respectively, or single parent title-holding corporations exempt under Section 501(c)(2) of the Internal Revenue Code whose income is payable to any of the aforementioned tax-exempt organizations, income from an investment in us will constitute UBTI unless the organization is properly able to deduct amounts set aside or placed in reserve for certain purposes so as to offset the income generated by its investment in us. Such a prospective shareholder should consult its own tax advisor concerning these “set aside” and reserve requirements.

Notwithstanding the above, however, a portion of the dividends paid by a “pension held REIT” shall be treated as UBTI as to any trust that is described in Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue

 

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Code, is tax-exempt under Section 501(a) of the Internal Revenue Code and holds more than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT. Tax-exempt pension funds that are described in Section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code are referred to below as “qualified trusts.” A REIT is a “pension held REIT” if it meets the following two tests:

 

(1)   The REIT would not have qualified as a REIT but for the fact that Section 856(h)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code provides that shares owned by qualified trusts shall be treated, for purposes of the “not closely held” requirement, as owned by the beneficiaries of the trust rather than by the trust itself.

 

(2)   Either (i) at least one such qualified trust holds more than 25%, by value, of the interests in the REIT, or (ii) one or more such qualified trusts, each of which owns more than 10%, by value, of the interests in the REIT, hold in the aggregate more than 50%, by value, of the interests in the REIT.

The percentage of any REIT dividend treated as UBTI is equal to the ratio of the UBTI earned by the REIT, treating the REIT as if it were a qualified trust and therefore subject to tax on UBTI, to the total gross income of the REIT. A de minimis exception applies where the percentage is less than 5% for any year. As discussed above, the provisions requiring qualified trusts to treat a portion of REIT distributions as UBTI will not apply if the REIT is able to satisfy the “not closely held” requirement without relying upon the “look-through” exception with respect to qualified trusts. Certain restrictions on ownership and transfer of our common shares contained in our declaration of trust generally should prevent a person from owning more than 10% of the value of our common shares and thus we are not likely to be classified as a “pension held REIT.”

Taxation of non-U.S. shareholders

The following is a summary of certain U.S. federal income tax consequences of the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common shares applicable to non-U.S. shareholders of our common shares (as defined above under “—Taxation of taxable U.S. shareholders”). The following discussion is based on current law, and is for general information only. It addresses only selected, and not all, aspects of U.S. federal income taxation.

Distributions Generally

As described in the discussion below, distributions paid by us with respect to our common shares will be treated for U.S. federal income tax purposes as:

 

 

ordinary income dividends,

 

 

return of capital distributions, or

 

 

long-term capital gain.

This discussion assumes that our common shares will continue to be considered regularly traded on an established securities market for purposes of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA, provisions described below. If our common shares are no longer regularly traded on an established securities market, the tax considerations described below would materially differ.

Ordinary income dividends

A distribution (or deemed distribution) by us to a non-U.S. shareholder will be treated as an ordinary income dividend if the distribution is payable out of our current or accumulated E&P and:

 

 

not attributable to our net capital gain, or

 

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the distribution is attributable to our net capital gain from the sale of “U.S. real property interests,” or USRPIs, and the non-U.S. shareholder owns 5% or less of the value of our common shares at all times during the taxable year during which the distribution is paid.

Generally, we will withhold and remit to the IRS 30% of dividend distributions (including distributions that may later be determined to have been made in excess of current and accumulated E&P) that could not be treated as capital gain distributions with respect to the non-U.S. shareholder (and that are not deemed to be capital gain dividends for purposes of FIRPTA withholding rules described below) unless:

 

(1)   a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. shareholder files an IRS Form W-8BEN evidencing eligibility for that reduced treaty rate with us; or

 

(2)   the non-U.S. shareholder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is income effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s trade or business.

Distributions in excess of our current or accumulated E&P will not be taxable to a non-U.S. shareholder to the extent that they do not exceed the adjusted tax basis of the shareholder’s common shares, but rather will reduce the adjusted tax basis of such common shares. Such distributions, however, will be subject to U.S. withholding tax as described below. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted tax basis of a non-U.S. shareholder’s common shares, they will be treated as gain from the sale of the shareholder’s common shares, the tax treatment of which is described below under “—Dispositions of our common shares.”

We may be required to withhold 10% of any distribution in excess of our current and accumulated E&P, even if a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. shareholder is not liable for tax on receipt of that distribution. Consequently, although we currently intend that our transfer agent will withhold at a rate of 30%, or a lower applicable treaty rate, on the entire amount of any distribution, to the extent that this is not done, any portion of a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%, or lower applicable treaty rate, would be subject to withholding at a rate of 10%. However, a non-U.S. shareholder may seek a refund of such amounts from the IRS if such distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current or accumulated E&P, and the amount withheld exceeded the non-U.S. shareholder’s U.S. tax liability, if any, with respect to the distribution.

Return of capital distributions

Unless (A) our shares constitute a USRPI, as described in “—Dispositions of our common shares” below, or (B) either (1) the non-U.S. shareholder’s investment in our common share is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business conducted by such non-U.S. shareholder (in which case the non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. shareholders with respect to such gain) or (2) the non-U.S. shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the U.S. (in which case the non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to at 30% tax on the individual’s net capital gain for the year), distributions that we make which are not dividends out of our E&P will not be subject to U.S. federal income tax. If we cannot determine at the time a distribution is made whether or not the distribution will exceed current and accumulated E&P, the distribution will be subject to withholding at the rate applicable to dividends. The non-U.S. shareholder may seek a refund from the IRS of any amounts withheld if it subsequently is determined that the distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated E&P. If our common shares constitutes a USRPI, as described below, distributions that we make in excess of the sum of (1) the non-U.S.

 

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shareholder’s proportionate share of our E&P, and (2) the non-U.S. shareholder’s basis in its share, will be taxed under FIRPTA at the rate of tax, including any applicable capital gains rates that would apply to a U.S. shareholder of the same type (e.g., an individual or corporation, as the case may be), and the collection of the tax will be enforced by a refundable withholding tax at a rate of 10% of the amount by which the distribution exceeds the shareholder’s share of our E&P.

Capital gain distributions

A distribution paid by us to a non-U.S. shareholder will be treated as long-term capital gain if the distribution is paid out of our current or accumulated E&P and:

 

 

the distribution is attributable to our net capital gain (other than from the sale of USRPIs) and we timely designate the distribution as a capital gain dividend; or

 

 

the distribution is attributable to our net capital gain from the sale of USRPIs and the non-U.S. shareholder owns more than 5% of the value of our common shares at any point during the one year period ending on the date of distribution.

Distributions to a non-U.S. shareholder that are designated by us at the time of distribution as capital gain dividends, other than those arising from the disposition of a USRPI, generally should not be subject to U.S. federal income taxation, unless:

 

(1)   the investment in our shares is effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. shareholders with respect to such gain, except that a shareholder that is a foreign corporation may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax, or

 

(2)   the non-U.S. shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the U.S., in which case the nonresident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s capital gain.

Under FIRPTA, distributions that are attributable to net capital gain from the sale by us of USRPIs and paid to a non-U.S. shareholder that owns more than 5% of the value of our common shares at any time during the taxable year during which the distribution is paid will be subject to tax as income effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. The FIRPTA tax will apply to these distributions whether or not the distribution is designated as a capital gain dividend.

Any distribution paid by us that is treated as a capital gain dividend or that could be treated as a capital gain dividend with respect to a particular non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to special withholding rules under FIRPTA. We will withhold and remit to the IRS 35% of any distribution that could be treated as a capital gain dividend with respect to the non-U.S. shareholder, to the extent that the distribution is attributable to the sale by us of USRPIs. The amount withheld is creditable against the non-U.S. shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability or refundable when the non-U.S. shareholder properly and timely files a tax return with the IRS.

The IRS has announced that it intends to tax income of foreign taxpayers in respect of liquidating distributions made by REITs under rules similar to those applicable to current distributions made by REITs rather than under the general principles applicable to the liquidation of a corporate entity, and that it intends to promulgate Treasury Regulations to this effect. Under the IRS’s view, income in respect of liquidating distributions will be taxable to non-U.S. taxpayers to the extent that such distributions are attributable to the sale or exchange of a U.S. real property interest.

 

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Retained net capital gain

Although the law is not entirely clear on the matter, amounts designated by us as retained capital gain in respect of the shares held by U.S. shareholders (see “—Requirements for qualification as a REIT—Annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs” above) generally should be treated with respect to non-U.S. shareholders in the same manner as actual distributions by us of capital gain dividends. Under this approach, non-U.S. shareholders will be able to offset as a credit against their U.S. federal income tax liability resulting therefrom their proportionate share of the tax paid by us on such undistributed capital gain and to receive from the IRS a refund to the extent that their proportionate share of such tax paid by us were to exceed their actual U.S. federal income tax liability. A Non-U.S. shareholder will increase the basis of its common shares by the difference between the amount of capital gain included in its income and the amount of tax it is deemed to have paid.

Dispositions of our common shares

Gain recognized by a non-U.S. shareholder upon the sale or exchange of our common shares generally will not be subject to U.S. taxation unless:

 

 

the investment in our common shares is effectively connected with the non-U.S. shareholder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. shareholder will be subject to tax on a net basis in a manner similar to the taxation of U.S. shareholders with respect to any gain;

 

 

the non-U.S. shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a tax home in the United States, in which case any gain from the sale or exchange of our common shares will be included in determining the individual’s net capital gain from U.S. sources for the taxable year, subject to a 30% tax; or

 

 

our common shares constitute a USRPI, as described below.

Our common shares will be treated as a USRPI only if 50% or more of our assets on one or more of certain testing dates during a prescribed testing period consist of interests in real property located within the U.S., excluding for this purpose, interests in real property solely in a capacity as a creditor. Even if the foregoing 50% test is met, our common shares still will not constitute “USRPIs” so long as we are a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity.” A domestically controlled qualified investment entity includes a REIT in which at all times during a specified testing period less than 50% in value of its shares are held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. shareholders. We believe that we will qualify as a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, so that a sale of our common shares should not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. However, no assurance can be given that we will qualify as a domestically controlled qualified investment entity.

In addition, even if we do qualify as a domestically controlled qualified investment entity, upon the disposition of our common shares (subject to the 5% exception applicable to “regularly traded” shares described above), a non-U.S. shareholder may be treated as having gain from the sale or exchange of a U.S. real property interest if the non-U.S. shareholder (1) disposes of our common shares within a 30-day period preceding the ex-dividend date of a distribution, any portion of which, but for the disposition, would have been treated as gain from the sale or exchange of a U.S. real property interest and (2) acquires, or enters into a contract or option to acquire, other common shares of ours within 30 days after such ex-dividend date.

 

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Even if we do not qualify as a domestically controlled qualified investment entity at the time a non-U.S. shareholder sells common shares, gain arising from the sale or exchange by a non-U.S. shareholder of our common shares would not be subject to U.S. taxation under FIRPTA as a sale of a “USRPI” if:

 

(1)   such common shares are “regularly traded,” as defined by applicable regulations, on an established securities market such as the NYSE; and

 

(2)   such non-U.S. shareholder owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less of the common shares throughout the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or exchange.

If gain on the sale or exchange of common shares were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the non-U.S. shareholder would be required to file a U.S. federal income tax return and would be subject to regular U.S. income tax with respect to such gain on a net basis in the same manner as a taxable U.S. shareholder (subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals) and the purchaser of the common shares would be required to withhold and remit to the IRS 10% of the purchase price.

Information reporting and backup withholding tax applicable to shareholders

U.S. shareholders.     In general, information reporting requirements will apply to payments of distributions on our common shares and payments of the proceeds of the sale of our common shares to some shareholders, unless an exception applies. Further, the payor will be required to withhold backup withholding tax (currently at a rate of 28%), if:

 

(1)   the payee fails to furnish a taxpayer identification number, or TIN, to the payor or to establish an exemption from backup withholding;

 

(2)   the IRS notifies the payor that the TIN furnished by the payee is incorrect;

 

(3)   there has been a notified payee under-reporting with respect to interest, dividends or original issue discount described in Section 3406(c) of the Internal Revenue Code; or

 

(4)   there has been a failure of the payee to certify under the penalty of perjury that the payee is not subject to backup withholding under the Internal Revenue Code.

Some shareholders, including corporations, financial institutions and certain tax-exempt organizations, may be exempt from backup withholding. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a shareholder will be allowed as a credit against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the shareholder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the IRS. A U.S. shareholder that does not provide Chesapeake Lodging Trust with a correct taxpayer identification number may also be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS.

Non-U.S. shareholders.     Generally, information reporting will apply to payments of distributions on our common shares, and backup withholding, currently at a rate of 28%, may apply, unless the payee certifies that it is not a U.S. person or otherwise establishes an exemption.

The proceeds from a disposition by a non-U.S. shareholder of common shares to or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, if the broker is a U.S. person, a controlled foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for specified periods is from activities that are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or

 

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business, a foreign partnership if partners who hold more than 50% of the interest in the partnership are U.S. persons, or a foreign partnership that is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, then information reporting generally will apply as though the payment were made through a U.S. office of a U.S. or foreign broker. Generally, backup withholding does not apply in such a case.

Generally, non-U.S. shareholders will satisfy the information reporting requirements by providing a proper IRS withholding certificate (such as the Form W-8BEN). In the absence of a proper withholding certificate, applicable Treasury Regulations provide presumptions regarding the status of holders of our common shares when payments to the holders cannot be reliably associated with appropriate documentation provided to the payor. If a non-U.S. shareholder fails to comply with the information reporting requirement, payments to such person may be subject to the full withholding tax even if such person might have been eligible for a reduced rate of withholding or no withholding under an applicable income tax treaty. Any payment subject to a withholding tax will not be again subject to backup withholding. Because the application of these Treasury Regulations varies depending on the holder’s particular circumstances, a non-U.S. shareholder is advised to consult its tax advisor regarding the information reporting requirements applicable to it.

Sunset of reduced tax rate provisions

Several of the tax considerations described herein are subject to a sunset provision. The sunset provisions generally provide that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010, certain provisions that are currently in the Internal Revenue Code will revert back to a prior version of those provisions. These provisions include those related to the reduced maximum income tax rate for capital gain of 15% (rather than 20%) for taxpayers taxed at individual rates, qualified dividend income, including the application of the 15% capital gain rate to qualified dividend income, and certain other tax rate provisions described herein. The impact of this reversion is not discussed herein. Consequently, prospective shareholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of sunset provisions on an investment in our common shares.

Legislative or other actions affecting REITs

The present U.S. federal income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time. The REIT rules are constantly under review by persons involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department which may result in statutory changes as well as revisions to regulations and interpretations. Changes to the federal tax laws and interpretations thereof could adversely affect an investment in our common shares.

State, local and foreign taxes

We and our subsidiaries and/or shareholders may be subject to state, local or foreign taxation in various jurisdictions, including those in which we or they transact business, own property or reside. We may own properties located in numerous U.S. jurisdictions, and may be required to file tax returns in some or all of those jurisdictions. Our state and local tax treatment and the state, local and foreign tax treatment and that of our shareholders may not conform to the U.S. federal income tax treatment discussed above. Prospective investors should consult their tax advisors regarding the application and effect of state, local and foreign income and other tax laws on an investment in our common shares.

 

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Tax shelter reporting

If a shareholder recognizes a loss as a result of a transaction with respect to our common shares of at least (i) for a shareholder that is an individual, S corporation, trust, or a partnership with at least one non-corporate partner, $2 million or more in a single taxable year or $4 million or more in a combination of taxable years, or (ii) for a shareholder that is either a corporation or a partnership with only corporate partners, $10 million or more in a single taxable year or $20 million or more in a combination of taxable years, such shareholder may be required to file a disclosure statement with the IRS on Form 8886. Direct holders of portfolio securities are in many cases exempt from this reporting requirement, but shareholders of a REIT currently are not exempted. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

 

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ERISA considerations

A fiduciary of a pension, profit sharing, retirement or other employee benefit plan, or plan, subject to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or ERISA, should consider the fiduciary standards under ERISA in the context of the plan’s particular circumstances before authorizing an investment of a portion of such plan’s assets in the common shares. Accordingly, such fiduciary should consider (i) whether the investment satisfies the diversification requirements of Section 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA, (ii) whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the plan as required by Section 404(a)(1)(D) of ERISA, and (iii) whether the investment is prudent under ERISA. In addition to the imposition of general fiduciary standards of investment prudence and diversification, ERISA, and the corresponding provisions of the Internal Revenue Code, prohibit a wide range of transactions involving the assets of the plan and persons who have certain specified relationships to the plan (“parties in interest” within the meaning of ERISA, “disqualified persons” within the meaning of the Internal Revenue Code). Thus, a plan fiduciary considering an investment in our common shares also should consider whether the acquisition or the continued holding of the shares might constitute or give rise to a direct or indirect prohibited transaction that is not subject to an exemption issued by the Department of Labor, or the DOL. Similar restrictions apply to many governmental and foreign plans which are not subject to ERISA. Thus, those considering investing in the shares on behalf of such a plan should consider whether the acquisition or the continued holding of the shares might violate any such similar restrictions.

The DOL, has issued final regulations, or the DOL Regulations, as to what constitutes assets of an employee benefit plan under ERISA. Under the DOL Regulations, if a plan acquires an equity interest in an entity, which interest is neither a “publicly offered security” nor a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the plan’s assets would include, for purposes of the fiduciary responsibility provision of ERISA, both the equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the entity’s underlying assets unless certain specified exceptions apply. The DOL Regulations define a publicly offered security as a security that is “widely held,” “freely transferable,” and either part of a class of securities registered under the Exchange Act, or sold pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act (provided the securities are registered under the Exchange Act within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which the public offering occurred). The shares are being sold in an offering registered under the Securities Act and will be registered under the Exchange Act.

The DOL Regulations provide that a security is “widely held” only if it is part of a class of securities that is owned by 100 or more investors independent of the issuer and of one another. A security will not fail to be “widely held” because the number of independent investors falls below 100 subsequent to the IPO as a result of events beyond the issuer’s control. We expect our common shares to be “widely held” upon completion of the offering.

The DOL Regulations provide that whether a security is “freely transferable” is a factual question to be determined on the basis of all relevant facts and circumstances. The DOL Regulations further provide that when a security is part of an offering in which the minimum investment is $10,000 or less, as is the case with the offering, certain restrictions ordinarily will not, alone or in combination, affect the finding that such securities are “freely transferable.” We believe that the restrictions imposed under our declaration of trust on the transfer of our shares are limited to the restrictions on transfer generally permitted under the DOL Regulations and are not likely to

 

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result in the failure of the common shares to be “freely transferable.” The DOL Regulations only establish a presumption in favor of the finding of free transferability, and, therefore, no assurance can be given that the DOL will not reach a contrary conclusion.

We believe that as of the closing of the offering, the common shares should be “widely held” and “freely transferable,” and therefore we believe that our common shares should be publicly offered securities for purposes of the DOL Regulations and that our assets will not be deemed to be “plan assets” of any plan that invests in our common shares.

Each holder of our common shares will be deemed to have represented and agreed that its purchase and holding of such common shares (or any interest therein) will not constitute or result in a non-exempt prohibited transaction under ERISA or Section 4975 of the Internal Revenue Code.

 

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Underwriting

We are offering the common shares of beneficial interest described in this prospectus through a number of underwriters. J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. are acting as joint book-running managers of the offering and as representatives of the underwriters. We have entered into an underwriting agreement with the underwriters. Subject to the terms and conditions of the underwriting agreement, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and each underwriter has severally agreed to purchase, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts and commissions set forth on the cover page of this prospectus, the number of common shares listed next to its name in the following table:

 

Name    Number of Shares
 

J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.

  

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

  

FBR Capital Markets & Co.

  

KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc.

  

Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated

  

JMP Securities LLC

  
    

Total

   12,500,000
 

The underwriters are committed to purchase all the common shares offered by us if they purchase any shares. The underwriting agreement also provides that if an underwriter defaults, the purchase commitments of non-defaulting underwriters may also be increased or the offering may be terminated.

The underwriters propose to offer the common shares directly to the public at the IPO price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus and to certain dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $             per share. Any such dealers may resell shares to certain other brokers or dealers at a discount of up to $             per share from the IPO price per share. After the IPO the offering price and other selling terms may be changed by the underwriters. Sales of shares made outside of the United States may be made by affiliates of the underwriters. The representatives have advised us that the underwriters do not intend to confirm discretionary sales in excess of 5% of the common shares offered in the offering.

The underwriters have an option to buy up to 1,875,000 additional common shares from us to cover sales of shares by the underwriters which exceed the number of shares specified in the table above. The underwriters have 30 days from the date of this prospectus to exercise this overallotment option. If any shares are purchased with this overallotment option, the underwriters will purchase shares in approximately the same proportion as shown in the table above. If any additional common shares are purchased, the underwriters will offer the additional shares on the same terms as those on which the shares are being offered.

 

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The underwriting fee is equal to the public offering price per share less the amount paid by the underwriters to us per share. The underwriting fee is $             per share. The following table shows the per share and total underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid to the underwriters assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ option to purchase additional shares.

 

Underwriting Discount (1)    Without
overallotment
exercise
   With full
overallotment
exercise
 

Per Share

   $                 $             

Total

   $      $  
 

 

(1)  

The underwriters will be entitled to receive $             per share from us at closing. The underwriters will forego the receipt of payment of $             per share, subject to the following. We will agree to pay the $             per share to the underwriters when the capital deployment hurdle (as described herein) is satisfied. If this requirement is not satisfied, the aggregate underwriting discount paid by us, based on $             per share (or         % of the public offering price) would be $            . If the capital deployment hurdle is not satisfied, the aggregate underwriting discount would be $            . The following presents this information both assuming that the capital deployment hurdle is met and assuming that it is not met:

 

Capital Deployment Hurdle Is Not Met    Per Share
 

Public offering price

   $             

Initial underwriting discount paid by us at closing (        %)

   $  

Total underwriting discount paid by us if capital deployment hurdle is not met (        %)

 

   $

 

 

 

Capital Deployment Hurdle Is Met    Per Share
 

Public offering price

   $  

Initial underwriting discount paid by us at closing (        %)

   $  

Additional underwriting discount paid by us if capital deployment hurdle is met (        %)

   $  

Total underwriting discount paid by us if capital deployment hurdle is met (        %)

   $  

The capital deployment hurdle numerator is the cumulative acquisition of hotel properties, net of cash acquired (or substantially similar financial measures), that we will report in our statements of cash flows for all periods following the offering. The capital deployment hurdle denominator is net proceeds received from the offering and the concurrent private placements (including net proceeds received from any exercise of the underwriters’ overallotment option, but excluding any deferred underwriting compensation payable to the underwriters). The capital deployment hurdle is satisfied when the capital deployment hurdle numerator divided by the capital deployment hurdle denominator is greater than 50%. The additional underwriting discount is payable within five business days following our filing of a quarterly or annual report after the capital deployment hurdle is satisfied.

We estimate that the total expenses of the offering, including registration, filing and listing fees, printing fees and legal and accounting expenses, but excluding the underwriting discounts and commissions will be approximately $2,500,000.

 

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A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on the web sites maintained by one or more underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in the offering. The underwriters may agree to allocate a number of shares to underwriters and selling group members for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives to underwriters and selling group members that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

We have agreed that we will not (i) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the SEC a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any common shares or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for any of our common shares, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing, or (ii) enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers all or a portion of the economic consequences associated with the ownership of any common shares or any such other securities (regardless of whether any of these transactions are to be settled by the delivery of common shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise), in each case without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, other than the common shares to be sold hereunder and in respect of any of our common shares issued under our existing incentive plans. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (1) during the last 17 days of the 180-day restricted period, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to our company occurs; or (2) prior to the expiration of the 180-day restricted period, we announce that we will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day period, the restrictions described above shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.

Our trustees and executive officers, and certain shareholders, have entered into lock-up agreements with the underwriters pursuant to which each of these persons or entities, with limited exceptions, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, may not, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., (1) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any of our common shares or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common shares (including, without limitation, common shares or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by such trustees, executive officers and shareholders in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a share option or warrant); or (2) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the common shares or such other securities; whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of common shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise; or (3) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any of our common shares or any security convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common shares. Notwithstanding

 

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the foregoing, if (i) during the last 17 days of the 180-day restricted period, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to our company occurs, or (ii) prior to the expiration of the 180-day restricted period, we announce that we will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day period, the restrictions described above shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.

We have applied to have our common shares approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “CHSP.” In order to meet one of the requirements for listing our common shares on the NYSE, the underwriters have undertaken to sell 100 or more common shares to a minimum of 400 U.S. holders, and to ensure that the common shares have a minimum price of $4.00 per share at the time of listing, that there is an aggregate market value of publicly held shares of at least $40 million in the United States and that there are at least 1,100,000 publicly held common shares in the United States following completion of the offering.

In connection with the offering, the underwriters may engage in stabilizing transactions, which involves making bids for, purchasing and selling common shares in the open market for the purpose of preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common shares while the offering is in progress. These stabilizing transactions may include making short sales of the common shares, which involves the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of common shares than they are required to purchase in the offering, and purchasing common shares on the open market to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be “covered” shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ overallotment option referred to above, or may be “naked” shorts, which are short positions in excess of that amount. The underwriters may close out any covered short position either by exercising their overallotment option, in whole or in part, or by purchasing shares in the open market. In making this determination, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market compared to the price at which the underwriters may purchase shares through the overallotment option. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common shares in the open market that could adversely affect investors who purchase in the offering. To the extent that the underwriters create a naked short position, they will purchase shares in the open market to cover the position.

The underwriters have advised us that, pursuant to Regulation M of the Securities Act of 1933, they may also engage in other activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common shares, including the imposition of penalty bids. This means that if the representatives of the underwriters purchase common shares in the open market in stabilizing transactions or to cover short sales, the representatives can require the underwriters that sold those shares as part of the offering to repay the underwriting discount received by them.

These activities may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of the common shares or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of the common shares, and, as a result, the price of the common shares may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the underwriters commence these activities, they may discontinue them at any time. The underwriters may carry out these transactions on the New York Stock Exchange, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

 

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Prior to the offering, there has been no public market for our common shares. The IPO price was determined by negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters. In determining the IPO price, we and the representatives of the underwriters considered a number of factors including:

 

 

the information set forth in this prospectus and otherwise available to the representatives;

 

 

our prospects and the history and prospects for the industry in which we compete;

 

 

an assessment of our management;

 

 

our prospects for future earnings;

 

 

the general condition of the securities markets at the time of the offering;

 

 

the recent market prices of, and demand for, publicly traded common shares of generally comparable companies; and

 

 

other factors deemed relevant by the underwriters and us.

Neither we nor the underwriters can assure investors that an active trading market will develop for our common shares, or that the shares will trade in the public market at or above the IPO price.

Other than in the United States, no action has been taken by us or the underwriters that would permit a public offering of the securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction where action for that purpose is required. The securities offered by this prospectus may not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, nor may this prospectus or any other offering material or advertisements in connection with the offer and sale of any such securities be distributed or published in any jurisdiction, except under circumstances that will result in compliance with the applicable rules and regulations of that jurisdiction. Persons into whose possession this prospectus comes are advised to inform themselves about and to observe any restrictions relating to the offering and the distribution of this prospectus. This prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities offered by this prospectus in any jurisdiction in which such an offer or a solicitation is unlawful.

This document is only being distributed to and is only directed at (i) persons who are outside the United Kingdom or (ii) to investment professionals falling within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005 (the “Order”) or (iii) high net worth entities, and other persons to whom it may lawfully be communicated, falling with Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”). The securities are only available to, and any invitation, offer or agreement to subscribe, purchase or otherwise acquire such securities will be engaged in only with, relevant persons. Any person who is not a relevant person should not act or rely on this document or any of its contents.

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a “Relevant Member State”), from and including the date on which the European Union Prospectus Directive (the “EU Prospectus Directive”) is implemented in that Relevant Member State (the “Relevant Implementation Date”) an offer of securities described in this prospectus may not be made to the public in that Relevant Member State prior to the publication of a prospectus in relation to the shares which has been approved by the competent authority in that Relevant Member State or, where appropriate, approved in another Relevant

 

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Member State and notified to the competent authority in that Relevant Member State, all in accordance with the EU Prospectus Directive, except that it may, with effect from and including the Relevant Implementation Date, make an offer of shares to the public in that Relevant Member State at any time:

 

 

to legal entities which are authorized or regulated to operate in the financial markets or, if not so authorized or regulated, whose corporate purpose is solely to invest in securities;

 

 

to any legal entity which has two or more of (1) an average of at least 250 employees during the last financial year; (2) a total balance sheet of more than 43,000,000 and (3) an annual net turnover of more than 50,000,000, as shown in its last annual or consolidated accounts;

 

 

to fewer than 100 natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the EU Prospectus Directive) subject to obtaining the prior consent of the book-running manager for any such offer; or

 

 

in any other circumstances which do not require the publication by the Issuer of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer of securities to the public” in relation to any securities in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the securities to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe for the securities, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the EU Prospectus Directive in that Member State and the expression EU Prospectus Directive means Directive 2003/71/EC and includes any relevant implementing measure in each Relevant Member State.

Certain of the underwriters and their affiliates may provide from time to time in the future certain commercial banking, financial advisory, investment banking and other services for us in the ordinary course of their business, for which they may receive customary fees and commissions including as agent for or members of the syndicate for our proposed corporate credit facility. In addition, from time to time, certain of the underwriters and their affiliates may effect transactions for their own account or the account of customers, and hold on behalf of themselves or their customers, long or short positions in our securities, and may do so in the future.

 

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Experts

The balance sheet of Chesapeake Lodging Trust, formerly Crown Hospitality Trust, as of August 31, 2009 appearing in this Prospectus and Registration Statement has been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and is included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

Legal matters

Hogan & Hartson LLP will issue an opinion to us regarding the validity of the common shares offered hereby. Certain legal matters related to the offering will be passed upon for the underwriters by Clifford Chance US LLP. Clifford Chance US LLP will rely on the opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP for certain matters of Maryland law.

Where you can find more information

We have filed with the SEC a Registration Statement on Form S-11, including exhibits, schedules and amendments filed with the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, under the Securities Act with respect to the common shares we propose to sell in the offering. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and exhibits and schedules to the registration statement. For further information with respect to our company and the common shares to be sold in the offering, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete and, where that contract or other document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement in this prospectus is qualified in all respects by the exhibit to which the reference relates. Copies of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules to the registration statement, may be examined without charge at the public reference room of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549. Information about the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0300. Copies of all or a portion of the registration statement can be obtained from the public reference room of the SEC upon payment of prescribed fees. Our SEC filings, including our registration statement, are also available to you, free of charge, on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov .

As a result of the offering, we will become subject to the information and periodic reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and will file periodic reports and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports and other information will be available for inspection and copying at the SEC’s public reference facilities and the website of the SEC referred to above.

Reports to shareholders

Following the offering, we will file periodic and annual reports with the SEC as required by the SEC’s rules and regulations. In addition, our annual proxy statement will be mailed to our shareholders accompanied or preceded by an annual report which meets the requirements of the SEC’s rules and regulations no later than 120 days following the end of our fiscal year. Our periodic quarterly reports will be filed with the SEC within 45 days following the end of the quarter, unless a shorter period is required by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Our annual reports will contain consolidated financial statements audited by our independent certified public accountants.

 

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Index to financial statements

 

     Page

Report of independent registered public accounting firm

   F-2

Balance sheet as of August 31, 2009

   F-3

Notes to financial statement

   F-4

 

F-1


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Report of independent registered public accounting firm

The Board of Trustees of Chesapeake Lodging Trust,

We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Chesapeake Lodging Trust formerly Crown Hospitality Trust (the “Company”), as of August 31, 2009. The balance sheet is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the balance sheet based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the balance sheet, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall balance sheet presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

In our opinion, the balance sheet referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at August 31, 2009, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

New York, New York

September 28, 2009

 

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Chesapeake Lodging Trust formerly Crown Hospitality Trust

Balance Sheet

 

       August 31, 2009
 

Assets

  

Cash

   $ 125,000

Prepaid expenses

     125,000

Total assets

     250,000
      

Liabilities and shareholder’s equity

  

Liabilities

  

Related party loan

   $ 249,000

Shareholder’s equity

  

Common shares, $0.01 par value, 25,000,000 shares authorized, 100,000 shares issued and outstanding

   $ 1,000

Additional paid-in capital

    

Retained earnings

    
      

Total shareholder’s capital

   $ 1,000
      

Total liabilities and shareholder’s capital

   $ 250,000
 

See accompanying notes to financial statement.

 

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Chesapeake Lodging Trust

Notes to financial statement

August 31, 2009

Note 1. Organization

Crown Hospitality Trust (the “Company”) was organized as a Maryland real estate investment trust on June 12, 2009 and changed its name to Chesapeake Lodging Trust on September 23, 2009. Under the Declaration of Trust, the Company initially was authorized to issue up to 25,000,000 common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share. The Company has not commenced operations.

The Company intends to elect and qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for U.S. federal income tax purposes commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 2009. In order to maintain its qualification as a REIT, the Company plans to distribute at least 90% of its taxable income in the form of qualifying distributions to its shareholders.

Note 2. Initial public offering and concurrent private placements

The Company intends to conduct an initial public offering, or IPO, of common shares, which it expects to complete during the fourth quarter of 2009.

Concurrently with the offering, in separate private placements, the Company will sell (1) up to 4.9% of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, but in no event more than $20 million of its common shares, to Hyatt Hotels Corporation, or Hyatt, and (2) up to 9.8% of the common shares to be outstanding following the offering, but in no event more than $25 million of its common shares to an institutional fund advised by BAMCO, Inc. on behalf of its investment advisory client, the Baron Small Cap Fund, or Baron, in each case, excluding common shares that may be sold pursuant to the underwriters’ overallotment option, and at the IPO price per share, less the greater of the underwriting discount or 6%. The Company also will sell an aggregate of 150,000 common shares to its non-executive chairman and certain of its executive officers at the IPO price per share.

The Company will contribute the net proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements to Chesapeake Lodging, L.P., which will be its operating partnership. The Company’s operating partnership intends to subsequently use the net proceeds received from the Company to repay Messrs. Francis and Vicari for loans which funded the Company’s offering costs.

Note 3. Significant accounting policies

Use of Estimates.     The preparation of the balance sheet in conformity with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the balance sheet. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Underwriting commissions and costs.      Underwriting commissions and costs to be incurred in connection with the Company’s common share offering will be reflected as a reduction of additional paid-in-capital.

 

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Deferred offering costs.     Deferred offering costs consist primarily of legal fees incurred through the date of the balance sheet that are related to the offering and the concurrent private placements that will be charged to capital upon the receipt of the net proceeds of the offering and the concurrent private placements or charged to expense if the offering or concurrent private placements are not completed.

Organization costs.     Costs incurred to organize the Company will be expensed as incurred. The Company has recorded as a deferred, prepaid expense a $125,000 retainer paid to the Company’s outside counsel.

Cash .     Cash is comprised of cash held in a major banking institution.

Related Party Transactions .    Mr. Francis, President, Chief Executive Officer and a Trustee, and Mr. Vicari, Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and a Trustee, have loaned the Company an aggregate of $249,000. The loan is structured as a demand note and bears interest at the Federal Short Term Rate as announced by the Internal Revenue Service.

Note 4. Subsequent Event

We have evaluated subsequent events through September 28, 2009.

Sourcing Agreement with Hyatt.     The Company has entered into a sourcing agreement with Hyatt pursuant to which for three years following completion of the offering, the Company will provide Hyatt with an exclusive right of first offer to manage or franchise each hotel it acquires, to the extent those hotels are not operated under other brands and the Company determines that a brand relationship is desirable, and Hyatt may, in its sole discretion, identify and refer acquisition opportunities to the Company. The Company believes that its relationship with Hyatt will benefit its shareholders as a result of Hyatt’s strong brands and excellent hotel management services. The Company plans to continue to explore with Hyatt how to further its sourcing relationship in order to maximize the value of the relationship to both parties.

In addition, in order to streamline its process with Hyatt, the Company has negotiated a form of franchise agreement and a form of management agreement that it may use, subject to the completion of definitive agreements, to the extent it makes acquisitions pursuant to the sourcing agreement.

 

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Table of Contents

Through and including                     , 2009 (the 25th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that effect transactions in our common shares, whether or not participating in the offering, may be required to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

12,500,000 common shares of beneficial interest

LOGO

Chesapeake Lodging Trust

 

Prospectus

Joint Book-Running Managers

 

J.P. Morgan

Deutsche Bank Securities

Lead-Manager

FBR Capital Markets

Co-Managers

 

 

KeyBanc Capital Markets   Baird     JMP Securities

                            , 2009


Table of Contents

Part II

Information not required in prospectus

Item 31. Other expenses of issuance and distribution.

The following table itemizes the expenses incurred by us in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities being registered hereunder. All amounts shown are estimates except for the SEC registration fee, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA, filing fee and the NYSE listing fee.

 

SEC registration fee

   $ 25,668

FINRA filing fee

     46,500

NYSE listing fee

     130,000

Printing and engraving fees

     150,000

Legal fees and expenses

     1,200,000

Accounting fees and expenses

     50,000

Transfer agent and registrar fees

     15,500

Trustee and officer liability insurance policy premium

     800,000

Miscellaneous expenses

     212,332

Total

   $ 2,500,000
 

Item 32. Sales to special parties.

None.

Item 33. Recent sales of unregistered securities.

On June 12, 2009, the registrant issued an aggregate of 100,000 common shares of beneficial interest to Messrs. Francis and Vicari in exchange for an aggregate of $1,000 in cash as its initial capitalization. Such issuance was exempt from the requirements of the Securities Act pursuant to Section 4(2) thereof.

Item 34. Indemnification of directors and officers.

The Maryland REIT law permits a Maryland REIT to indemnify and advance expenses to its trustees, officers, employees and agents to the same extent as permitted by the Maryland General Corporation Law, or the MGCL, for directors and officers of Maryland corporations. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses incurred in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or are threatened to be made, a party by reason of their service in those capacities or in the defense of any claim, issue or matter in any such proceeding. However, a Maryland corporation is not permitted to provide this type of indemnification if the following is established:

 

 

the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;

 

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the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or

 

 

in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.

According to Maryland law, a court may also order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. However, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify a director or officer for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of that corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses. The MGCL permits a corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of the following:

 

 

a written affirmation by the director or officer of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and

 

 

a written undertaking by him or on his behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that this standard of conduct was not met.

To the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, our declaration of trust and bylaws include provisions limiting the liability of our present and former trustees and officers or any individual who, at our request, serves or has served another real estate investment trust, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a trustee, director, officer or partner (each, an “Indemnified Party”), from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her status in any of the foregoing capacities and to pay and advance their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding. In addition, our bylaws, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, require us to indemnify any of our present and former trustees and officers or any individual who, at our request, serves or has served another real estate investment trust, corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise as a trustee, director, officer or partner from and against any claim or liability to which that person may become subject or which that person may incur by reason of his or her status in that capacity and to pay and advance their reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of the proceeding.

We also expect to enter into indemnification agreements with our trustees and our officers providing for procedures for indemnification by us to the fullest extent permitted by law and advancements by us of certain expenses and costs relating to claims, suits or proceedings arising from their service to us.

We expect to obtain an insurance policy under which our trustees and executive officers will be insured, subject to the limits of the policy, against certain losses arising from claims made against such trustees and officers by reason of any acts or omissions covered under such policy in their respective capacities as trustees or officers, including certain liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933.

We have been advised that the SEC has expressed the opinion that indemnification of trustees, officers or persons otherwise controlling a company for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 is against public policy and is therefore unenforceable.

 

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Item 35. Treatment of proceeds from stock being registered.

None of the proceeds will be credited to an account other than the appropriate capital share account.

Item 36. Financial statements and exhibits.

 

(a)   Financial statements.     See page F-1 for an index of the financial statements that are being filed as part of this Registration Statement.

 

(b)   Exhibits.     Reference is made to the Exhibit Index attached hereto, which is made a part hereof by reference thereto.

Item 37. Undertakings.

 

(a)   Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

 

(b)   The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the underwriters at the closing, specified in the underwriting agreement certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

 

(c)   The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that:

 

  (i)   For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement as of the time it was declared effective.

 

  (ii)   For the purposes determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered herein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

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Signatures

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this Amendment No. 3 to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the city of Fairfield, State of New Jersey, on December 7, 2009.

 

    CHESAPEAKE LODGING TRUST
By:  

/S/    James L. Francis        

   

James L. Francis

President and Chief

Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this Amendment No. 3 to the registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

   
Signatures    Title   Date
 

/S/    James L. Francis        

James L. Francis

  

President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee (principal executive officer)

  December 7, 2009

/S/    Douglas W. Vicari        

Douglas W. Vicari

  

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary and Trustee (principal financial and accounting officer)

  December 7, 2009
 

 

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Exhibit Index

 

Exhibit
Number
  Exhibit Description
 
  1.1***  

Form of Underwriting Agreement

  3.1†  

Form of Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Declaration of Trust of Registrant

  3.2†  

Form of Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant

  5.1***   Opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP regarding the validity of the securities being registered
  8.1***  

Opinion of Hogan & Hartson LLP regarding certain tax matters

10.1†  

Form of Employment Agreement between Registrant and James L. Francis

10.2†  

Form of Employment Agreement between Registrant and Douglas W. Vicari

10.3†  

Form of Employment Agreement between Registrant and D. Rick Adams

10.4†  

Form of Chesapeake Lodging Trust Equity Plan

10.5†  

Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement for Executive Officers

10.6†  

Form of Restricted Share Award Agreement for Trustees

10.7***   Form of Indemnification Agreement between Registrant and its Trustees and Executive Officers
10.8***  

Form of Limited Partnership Agreement of Chesapeake Lodging, L.P.

10.9†  

Sourcing Agreement dated September 28, 2009 between Hyatt Corporation and Registrant (filed as Exhibit 10.11 to Amendment No. 1 to the Registration Statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 6, 2009)

10.10†   Share Purchase Agreement dated September 28, 2009 between Hyatt Corporation and Registrant
10.11†   Form of Registration Rights Agreement between Hyatt Corporation and Registrant
10.12†   Share Purchase Agreement dated November 4, 2009 between BAMCO, Inc. and Registrant
10.13†   Form of Registration Rights Agreement between BAMCO, Inc. and Registrant
10.14***   Share Purchase Agreement dated as of December 4, 2009 among James L. Francis, Douglas W. Vicari, Thomas A. Natelli, Natelli Capital, LLC, TN Investments, LLC, Natelli Communications LP and Registrant
10.15†  

Form of Franchise Agreement between Hyatt Franchising, L.L.C. and Registrant

10.16†  

Form of Management Agreement between Hyatt Corporation and Registrant

21.1***  

List of Subsidiaries of Registrant

23.1***  

Consent of Ernst & Young LLP

23.2***  

Consent of Hogan & Hartson LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)

23.3***  

Consent of Hogan & Hartson LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1)

24.1  

Power of Attorney (included on the signature page to the initial filing of the

Registration Statement)

99.1†  

Consent of Thomas D. Eckert to be named as trustee

99.2†  

Consent of John W. Hill to be named as trustee

99.3†  

Consent of George F. McKenzie to be named as trustee

99.4†  

Consent of Thomas A. Natelli to be named as trustee

99.5†  

Consent of Jeffrey D. Nuechterlein to be named as trustee

 

 

  Previously filed

 

***   Filed herewith.

EXHIBIT 1.1

CHESAPEAKE LODGING TRUST

12,500,000 COMMON SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST

UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT

December [    ], 2009

J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES INC.

DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.

As Representatives of the

  several Underwriters listed

  in Schedule 1 hereto

c/o J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.

383 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10179

c/o Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

60 Wall Street

New York, New York 10005

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Chesapeake Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “ Company ”), proposes to issue and sell to the several Underwriters listed in Schedule 1 hereto (the “ Underwriters ”), for whom you are acting as representatives (the “ Representatives ”), an aggregate of 12,500,000 common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the “ Underwritten Shares ”) and, at the option of the Underwriters, up to an additional 1,875,000 common shares of beneficial interest of the Company (the “ Option Shares ”). The Underwritten Shares and the Option Shares are herein referred to as the “ Shares ”. The common shares of beneficial interest of the Company to be outstanding after giving effect to the sale of the Shares are referred to herein as the “ Stock ”.

The Company and Chesapeake Lodging, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) each hereby confirms its agreement with the several Underwriters concerning the purchase and sale of the Shares, as follows:

1. Registration Statement . The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “ Securities Act ”), a registration statement on Form S-11 (File No. 333-162184), including a prospectus, relating to the Shares. Such registration statement, as amended at the time it became effective, including the information, if any, deemed pursuant to Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act to be part of the registration statement at the time of its effectiveness (“ Rule 430 Information ”), is referred to herein as the “ Registration Statement ”; and as used herein, the term “ Preliminary Prospectus ” means each prospectus included in such registration statement (and any amendments thereto) before it becomes effective and that is furnished by the Company to the Underwriters for distribution in connection with the offering of the Shares, any prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) under the Securities Act and the prospectus included in the Registration Statement at the time of such Registration Statement’s effectiveness that omits Rule 430 Information, and the term “ Prospectus ” means the prospectus in the form first used (or made available upon request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act) in connection


with confirmation of sales of the Shares. If the Company has filed an abbreviated registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act (the “ Rule 462 Registration Statement ”), then any reference herein to the term “ Registration Statement ” shall be deemed to include such Rule 462 Registration Statement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

At or prior to the Applicable Time (as defined below), the Company had prepared the following information (collectively with the pricing information set forth on Annex B, the “ Pricing Disclosure Package ”): a Preliminary Prospectus dated [            ], 2009 and each “free-writing prospectus” (as defined pursuant to Rule 405 under the Securities Act) listed on Annex B hereto.

Applicable Time ” means [            ] [A/P].M., New York City time, on [            ], 2009.

2. Purchase of the Shares by the Underwriters .

(a) The Company agrees to issue and sell the Underwritten Shares to the several Underwriters as provided in this Agreement, and each Underwriter, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company the respective number of Underwritten Shares set forth opposite such Underwriter’s name in Schedule 1 hereto at a price per share (the “ Purchase Price ”) of $20.00.

In addition, the Company agrees to issue and sell the Option Shares to the several Underwriters as provided in this Agreement, and the Underwriters, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, shall have the option to purchase, severally and not jointly, from the Company the Option Shares at the Purchase Price less an amount per share equal to any dividends or distributions declared by the Company after the date hereof and prior to the issuance of the Option Shares and payable on the Underwritten Shares but not payable on the Option Shares.

If any Option Shares are to be purchased, the number of Option Shares to be purchased by each Underwriter shall be the number of Option Shares which bears the same ratio to the aggregate number of Option Shares being purchased as the number of Underwritten Shares set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule 1 hereto (or such number increased as set forth in Section 10 hereof) bears to the aggregate number of Underwritten Shares being purchased from the Company by the several Underwriters, subject, however, to such adjustments to eliminate any fractional Shares as the Representatives in their sole discretion shall make.

The Underwriters may exercise the option to purchase Option Shares at any time in whole, or from time to time in part, on or before the thirtieth day following the date of the Prospectus, by written notice from the Representatives to the Company. Such notice shall set forth the aggregate number of Option Shares as to which the option is being exercised and the date and time when the Option Shares are to be delivered and paid for, which may be the same date and time as the Closing Date (as hereinafter defined) but shall not be earlier than the Closing Date or later than the tenth full business day (as hereinafter defined) after the date of such notice (unless such time and date are postponed in accordance with the provisions of Section 10 hereof). Any such notice shall be given at least two business days prior to the date and time of delivery specified therein.

(b) The Company understands that the Underwriters intend to make a public offering of the Shares as soon after the effectiveness of this Agreement as in the judgment of the Representatives is advisable, and initially to offer the Shares on the terms set forth in the Prospectus. The Company

 

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acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters may offer and sell Shares to or through any affiliate of an Underwriter.

(c) In addition to the amounts required by Section 2(a), the Company agrees to pay to the Representatives, for the account of the several Underwriters, an amount equal to $ [            ] multiplied by the aggregate number of Shares purchased by the Underwriters pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof (the “ Conditional Payment ”), if and when the Capital Deployment Hurdle Rate (as defined herein) is satisfied.

The Company shall compute the Capital Deployment Hurdle for each quarterly period after the Closing Date within [    ] days after the end of each calendar quarter and shall promptly deliver such computations to the Representatives. In the event that the Capital Deployment Hurdle Rate has been met, the Conditional Payment shall become immediately payable by the Company to the Representatives, for the account of the several Underwriters. The Conditional Payment shall be paid in full in cash by wire transfer of immediately available funds to a bank account designated by J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. no later than the date which is five business days after the date when the Company is next required to file a quarterly or an annual report after the Capital Deployment Hurdle Rate has been met.

Definitions:

BAMCO Share Purchase Agreement ” means the Share Purchase Agreement dated November 4, 2009 between the Company and BAMCO, Inc.

Capital Deployment Hurdle ” means the Capital Deployment Hurdle Numerator divided by the Capital Deployment Hurdle Denominator.

Capital Deployment Hurdle Denominator ” means the net proceeds received from the offering of the Underwritten Shares and the concurrent private placements pursuant to the BAMCO Share Purchase Agreement, the Hyatt Share Purchase Agreement and the Investor Share Purchase Agreement, including net proceeds received from any sales of the Option Shares, but excluding any deferred compensation to the Underwriters.

Capital Deployment Hurdle Numerator ” means the amount that the Company will report in its statements of cash flows for all periods following the offering of the Underwritten Shares for the cumulative acquisition of hotel properties, net of cash acquired (or substantially similar financial measures).

Capital Deployment Hurdle Rate ” means the Capital Deployment Hurdle exceeds 50%.

Hyatt Share Purchase Agreement ” means the Share Purchase Agreement dated September 28, 2009 between the Company and Hyatt Corporation.

Investor Share Purchase Agreement ” means the share purchase agreement dated December 4, 2009 among the Company, James L. Francis, Douglas W. Vicari, Thomas A. Natelli, Natelli Capital, LLC, TN Investments, LLC and Natelli Communities LP.

 

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(d) Payment for the Shares shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the account specified by the Company to the Representatives in the case of the Underwritten Shares, at the offices of Clifford Chance US LLP at 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on [            ], 2009, or at such other time or place on the same or such other date, not later than the fifth business day thereafter, as the Representatives and the Company may agree upon in writing or, in the case of the Option Shares, on the date and at the time and place specified by the Representatives in the written notice of the Underwriters’ election to purchase such Option Shares. The time and date of such payment for the Underwritten Shares is referred to herein as the “ Closing Date ”, and the time and date for such payment for the Option Shares, if other than the Closing Date, is herein referred to as the “ Additional Closing Date ”.

Payment for the Shares to be purchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall be made against delivery to the Representatives for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters of the Shares to be purchased on such date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the sale of such Shares duly paid by the Company. Delivery of the Shares shall be made through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company (“ DTC ”) unless the Representatives shall otherwise instruct. The certificates for the Shares will be made available for inspection and packaging by the Representatives at the office of DTC or its designated custodian not later than 1:00 P.M., New York City time, on the business day prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

(e) The Company acknowledges and agrees that the Underwriters are acting solely in the capacity of an arm’s length contractual counterparty to the Company with respect to the offering of Shares contemplated hereby (including in connection with determining the terms of the offering) and not as a financial advisor or a fiduciary to, or an agent of, the Company or any other person. Additionally, neither the Representatives nor any other Underwriter is advising the Company or any other person as to any legal, tax, investment, accounting or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction. The Company shall consult with its own advisors concerning such matters and shall be responsible for making its own independent investigation and appraisal of the transactions contemplated hereby, and the Underwriters shall have no responsibility or liability to the Company with respect thereto. Any review by the Underwriters of the Company, the transactions contemplated hereby or other matters relating to such transactions will be performed solely for the benefit of the Underwriters and shall not be on behalf of the Company.

3. Representations and Warranties of the Company and the Operating Partnership . Each of the Company and the Operating Partnership, jointly and severally, represents and warrants to each Underwriter that:

(a) Preliminary Prospectus . No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus has been issued by the Commission, and each Preliminary Prospectus included in the Pricing Disclosure Package, at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act, and no Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing thereof under Rule 424 under the Securities Act, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company and its subsidiaries make no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in any Preliminary Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 7(b) hereof.

 

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(b) Pricing Disclosure Package . The Pricing Disclosure Package at the Applicable Time did not, and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company and its subsidiaries make no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Pricing Disclosure Package, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 7(b) hereof.

(c) Issuer Free Writing Prospectus . Other than the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriters in their capacity as such) has not prepared, used, authorized, approved or referred to and will not prepare, use, authorize, approve or refer to any “written communication” (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy the Shares (each such communication by the Company or its agents and representatives (other than a communication referred to in clause (i) below) an “Issuer Free Writing Prospectus”) other than (i) any document not constituting a prospectus pursuant to Section 2(a)(10)(a) of the Securities Act or Rule 134 under the Securities Act or (ii) the documents listed on Annex B hereto, each electronic road show and any other written communications approved in writing in advance by the Representatives. Each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus complied in all material respects with the Securities Act, has been or will be (within the time period specified in Rule 433) filed in accordance with the Securities Act (to the extent required thereby) and, when taken together with the Preliminary Prospectus accompanying, or delivered prior to delivery of, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, did not, and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Preliminary Prospectus in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Preliminary Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 7(b) hereof.

(d) Registration Statement and Prospectus . The Registration Statement has been declared effective by the Commission. No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued by the Commission, and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act against the Company or related to the offering of the Shares has been initiated or threatened by the Commission; as of the applicable effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration Statement and any such post-effective amendment complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act, and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, the Prospectus will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that the Company makes no representation and warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement and the

 

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Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section 7(b) hereof.

(e) Financial Statements . The financial statements (including the related notes thereto) of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations and the changes in their cash flows for the periods specified; such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods covered thereby, and any supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated therein; and the other financial information included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and presents fairly in all material respects the information shown thereby.

(f) No Material Adverse Change . Since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (i) there has not been any change in the capital stock (other than the issuance of common shares of beneficial interest upon exercise of share options and warrants described as outstanding in, and the grant of options and awards under existing equity incentive plans described in, the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus), short-term debt or long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment, paid or made by the Company on any class of capital stock, or any material adverse change, or any development involving a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; (ii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, has entered into any transaction or agreement (whether or not in the ordinary course of business) that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole; and (iii) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, has sustained any loss or interference with its business that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole and that is either from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor disturbance or dispute or any action, order or decree of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except in each case as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(g) Organization and Good Standing . The Company and each of its subsidiaries have been duly organized and are validly existing and in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization, are duly qualified to do business and are in good standing in each jurisdiction in which their respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such qualification, and have all power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct their businesses as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a material adverse effect on the business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders’ equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole (a “ Material Adverse Effect ”). The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 21 to the Registration Statement. The Company is the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership. Additionally, the Company will contribute the net

 

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proceeds from the sale of the Shares to the Operating Partnership in exchange for a number of units of partnership interest in the Operating Partnership (the “ OP Units ”) equal to the number of Shares.

(h) Capitalization . The Company has an authorized capitalization as set forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the heading “Capitalization.” All the outstanding shares of beneficial interest in the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and are not subject to any pre-emptive or similar rights. Except as described in or expressly contemplated by the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding rights (including, without limitation, pre-emptive rights), warrants or options to acquire, or instruments convertible into or exchangeable for, any shares of beneficial interest in the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any contract, commitment, agreement, understanding or arrangement of any kind relating to the issuance of any shares of beneficial interest in the Company or any such subsidiary, any such convertible or exchangeable securities or any such rights, warrants or options. The shares of beneficial interest in the Company conform in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. All the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity interests of each subsidiary owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are owned directly or indirectly by the Company, free and clear of any lien, charge, encumbrance, security interest, restriction on voting or transfer or any other claim of any third party. All the outstanding OP Units have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and non-assessable and are not subject to any pre-emptive or similar rights. The terms of the OP Units conform in all material respects to the descriptions thereto contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(i) No Share Options . Except for grants that are disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company has not granted to any person or entity any option to purchase common shares of the Company pursuant to an equity-based compensation plan or otherwise.

(j) Due Authorization . Each of the Company and the Operating Partnership has full right, power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Operating Partnership (the “ Operating Partnership Agreement ” and, together with the Agreement, the sourcing agreement dated September 28, 2009 between the Company and Hyatt Corporation (the “ Sourcing Agreement ”), the Hyatt Share Purchase Agreement, the BAMCO Share Purchase Agreement, the Investor Share Purchase Agreement, the Registration Rights Agreement between the Company and Hyatt Corporation (the “ Hyatt Registration Rights Agreement ”) and the Registration Rights Agreement between the Company and BAMCO, Inc. (the “ BAMCO Registration Rights Agreement ”), collectively the “ Transaction Documents ”) and to perform its respective obligations hereunder and thereunder; and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization, execution and delivery by it of this Agreement and each of the Transaction Documents and the consummation by it of the transactions contemplated hereby and thereby has been duly and validly taken.

(k) Underwriting Agreement . This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company and the Operating Partnership.

(l) The Shares . The Shares to be issued and sold by the Company hereunder have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered and paid for as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued, will be fully paid and nonassessable and will conform to the descriptions thereof in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and the issuance of the Shares is not subject to any preemptive or similar rights.

 

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(m) OP Units . The OP Units to be issued by the Operating Partnership in connection with the Company’s contribution of the net proceeds from the sale of the Shares to the Operating Partnership have been duly authorized and, when issued and delivered, will be duly and validly issued, will be fully paid and nonassessable and will conform to the descriptions thereof in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and the issuance of the OP Units is not subject to any preemptive or similar rights.

(n) Other Transaction Documents . The Sourcing Agreement, Hyatt Share Purchase Agreement and BAMCO Share Purchase Agreement have been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company constitute a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles relating to enforceability. The Hyatt Registration Rights Agreement and the BAMCO Registration Rights Agreement, when duly executed and delivered in accordance with its terms by each of the parties thereto, will constitute a valid and legally binding agreement of the Company enforceable against the Company in accordance with its terms, except as enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency or similar laws affecting creditors’ rights generally or by equitable principles relating to enforceability.

(o) Descriptions of the Transaction Documents . Each Transaction Document conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(p) No Violation or Default . Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is (i) in violation of its charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents; (ii) in default, and no event has occurred that, with notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject; or (iii) in violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, in each case, applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, except, in the case of clauses (ii) and (iii) above, for any such default or violation that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents.

(q) No Conflicts . The execution, delivery and performance by the Company and the Operating Partnership of each of the Transaction Documents, the issuance and sale of the Shares and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents will not (i) conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject, (ii) result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws or similar organizational documents of the Company or any of its subsidiaries or (iii) result in the violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, in each case, applicable to the Company and its subsidiaries, except, in the case of clauses (i) and (iii) above, for any such conflict, breach, violation or default that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

 

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(r) No Consents Required . No consent, approval, authorization, order, license, registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company and the Operating Partnership of each of the Transaction Documents, the issuance and sale of the Shares and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents, except for the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as may be required by the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“ FINRA ”) and under applicable state securities laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters.

(s) Legal Proceedings . Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, actions, suits or proceedings pending to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may be a party or to which any property of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may be the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect or have a material adverse effect on the Company’s ability to consummate the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents; no such investigations, actions, suits or proceedings are, to the knowledge of the Company or the Operating Partnership, threatened or contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others; and (i) there are no current or pending legal, governmental or regulatory actions, suits or proceedings that are required under the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus that are not so described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and (ii) there are no statutes, regulations or contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus that are not so filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(t) Independent Accountants . Ernst & Young LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) and as required by the Securities Act.

(u) Title to Real and Personal Property . The Company and its subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple (in the case of real property) to, or have valid and marketable rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real and personal property and assets that are material to the respective businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries, in each case free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims and defects and imperfections of title except those that (i) do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries or (ii) could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(v) Title to Intellectual Property . Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries own or possess adequate rights to use all material patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, copyrights, licenses and know-how (including trade secrets and other unpatented and/or unpatentable proprietary or confidential information, systems or procedures) necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses as currently conducted and as proposed to be conducted, and the conduct of their respective businesses will not conflict in any material respect with any such rights of others. The Company and its subsidiaries have not received any notice of any claim of infringement, misappropriation or conflict with any such rights of others in connection with

 

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its patents, patent rights, licenses, inventions, trademarks, service marks, trade names, copyrights and know-how, which would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(w) No Undisclosed Relationships . No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the trustees, directors, officers, stockholders, customers or suppliers of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the other, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and that is not so described in such documents and in the Pricing Disclosure Package.

(x) Investment Company Act . Neither of the Company nor the Operating Partnership is and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Shares and the application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, will be required to register as an “investment company” or an entity “controlled” by an “investment company” within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the “ Investment Company Act ”).

(y) Taxes . The Company and its subsidiaries have paid all United States federal, state, local and foreign taxes and filed all United States federal tax returns required to be paid or filed through the date hereof; and except as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no tax deficiency that has been, or could reasonably be expected to be, asserted against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets, except for such deficiency or deficiencies that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(z) Licenses and Permits . The Company and its subsidiaries possess all licenses, (with the exception of intellectual property licenses which are the subject of Section 3 (v)) certificates, permits and other authorizations issued by, and have made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except where the failure to possess or make the same would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; and except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received notice of any revocation or modification of any such license, certificate, permit or authorization or has any reason to believe that any such license, certificate, permit or authorization will not be renewed in the ordinary course, except where the failure to renew such license, certificate, permit or authorization would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect.

(aa) No Labor Disputes . No labor disturbance by or dispute with employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is contemplated or threatened, and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by, or dispute with, the employees of any of its or its subsidiaries’ principal suppliers, contractors or customers, except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect.

(bb) Compliance with and Liability under Environmental Laws . (i) The Company and its subsidiaries (a) are, and at all prior times were, in compliance with any and all applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws, rules, regulations, requirements, decisions, judgments, decrees, orders and the common law relating to pollution or the protection of the environment, natural resources or human health or safety, including those relating to the generation, storage, treatment, use, handling, transportation, Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials (collectively, “ Environmental Laws ”), (b) have received and are in compliance with all permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations or approvals

 

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required of them under applicable Environmental Laws to conduct their respective businesses, (c) have not received notice of any actual or potential liability under or relating to, or actual or potential violation of, any Environmental Laws, including for the investigation or remediation of any Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials, and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would reasonably be expected to result in any such notice, (d) are not conducting or paying for, in whole or in part, any investigation, remediation or other corrective action pursuant to any Environmental Law at any location, and (e) are not a party to any order, decree or agreement that imposes any obligation or liability under any Environmental Law, and (ii) there are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws of or relating to the Company or its subsidiaries, except in the case of each of (i) and (ii) above, for any such matter, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii) except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (a) there are no proceedings that are pending, or that are known to be contemplated, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any Environmental Laws in which a governmental entity is also a party, other than such proceedings regarding which it is reasonably believed no monetary sanctions of $100,000 or more will be imposed, (b) the Company and its subsidiaries are not aware of any facts or issues regarding compliance with Environmental Laws, or liabilities or other obligations under Environmental Laws, including the Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials, that could reasonably be expected to have a material effect on the capital expenditures, earnings or competitive position of the Company and its subsidiaries, and (c) none of the Company and its subsidiaries anticipates material capital expenditures relating to any Environmental Laws.

(cc) Hazardous Materials . There has been no storage, generation, transportation, use, handling, treatment, Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials by, relating to or caused by the Company or any of its subsidiaries (or, to the knowledge of the Company and its subsidiaries, any other entity (including any predecessor) for whose acts or omissions the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or could reasonably be expected to be liable) at, on, under or from any property or facility now or previously owned, operated or leased by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or at, on, under or from any other property or facility, in violation of any Environmental Laws or in a manner or amount or to a location that could reasonably be expected to result in any liability under any Environmental Law, except for any violation or liability which would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. “ Hazardous Materials ” means any material, chemical, substance ,waste, pollutant, contaminant, compound, mixture, or constituent thereof, in any form or amount, including petroleum (including crude oil or any fraction thereof) and petroleum products, natural gas liquids, asbestos and asbestos containing materials, naturally occurring radioactive materials, brine, and drilling mud, regulated or which can give rise to liability under any Environmental Law. “ Release ” means any spilling, leaking, seepage, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, disposing, depositing, dispersing, or migrating in, into or through the environment, or in, into from or through any building or structure.

(dd) Compliance with ERISA . (i) Each employee benefit plan, within the meaning of Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ ERISA ”), for which the Company or any member of its “Controlled Group” (defined as any organization which is a member of a controlled group of corporations within the meaning of Section 414 of the Code would have any liability (each, a “ Plan ”) has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Code, except for noncompliance that could not reasonably be expected to result in material liability to the Company or its subsidiaries; (ii) no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption that could reasonably be expected to result in a material liability to the Company or its subsidiaries; (iii) for each Plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section 412 of the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, the minimum funding standard of Section 412 of

 

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the Code or Section 302 of ERISA, as applicable, has been satisfied (without taking into account any waiver thereof or extension of any amortization period) and is reasonably expected to be satisfied in the future (without taking into account any waiver thereof or extension of any amortization period); (iv) no “reportable event” (within the meaning of Section 4043(c) of ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur that either has resulted, or could reasonably be expected to result, in material liability to the Company or its subsidiaries; (v) neither the Company nor any member of the Controlled Group has incurred, nor reasonably expects to incur, any liability under Title IV of ERISA (other than contributions to the Plan or premiums to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation (“ PBGC ”), in the ordinary course and without default) in respect of a Plan (including a “multiemployer plan”, within the meaning of Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA); and (vi) there is no pending audit or investigation by the Internal Revenue Service, the U.S. Department of Labor, the PBGC or any other governmental agency or any foreign regulatory agency with respect to any Plan that could reasonably be expected to result in material liability to the Company or its subsidiaries. None of the following events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur: (x) a material increase in the aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans by the Company or its subsidiaries in the current fiscal year of the Company and its subsidiaries compared to the amount of such contributions made in the Company and its subsidiaries’ most recently completed fiscal year; or (y) a material increase in the Company and its subsidiaries’ “accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations” (within the meaning of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards 106) compared to the amount of such obligations in the Company and its subsidiaries’ most recently completed fiscal year. The assets of the Company are not deemed to constitute “plan assets” for purposes of ERISA or the regulations of the United States Department of Labor under ERISA.

(ee) Disclosure Controls . The Company and its subsidiaries have taken all necessary actions to ensure that, upon effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the Company and its subsidiaries will maintain an effective system of “disclosure controls and procedures” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Exchange Act) that complies with the requirements of the Exchange Act and that has been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Commission’s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company and its subsidiaries will evaluate the effectiveness of their disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule 13a-15 of the Exchange Act.

(ff) Accounting Controls . The Company and its subsidiaries have taken all necessary actions to ensure that, upon effectiveness of the Registration Statement, the Company and its subsidiaries will maintain systems of “internal control over financial reporting” (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act and have been designed by, or under the supervision of, their respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, including, but not limited to, internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management’s general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management’s general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no material weaknesses in the Company’s internal controls. The Company’s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Trustees of the Company have been advised of: (i) all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over financial reporting which

 

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have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii) any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company’s internal controls over financial reporting.

(gg) Insurance . Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, the Company and its subsidiaries have insurance covering their respective properties, operations, personnel and businesses, including business interruption insurance, which insurance is in amounts and insures against such losses and risks as are adequate to protect the Company and its subsidiaries and their respective businesses; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has (i) received notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary to be made in order to continue such insurance or (ii) any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary to continue its business.

(hh) No Unlawful Payments . Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any trustee, director, officer, agent, employee or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has (i) used any corporate funds for any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii) made any direct or indirect unlawful payment to any foreign or domestic government official or employee from corporate funds; (iii) violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977; or (iv) made any bribe, unlawful rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful payment.

(ii) Compliance with Money Laundering Laws . The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the money laundering statutes of all jurisdictions, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines, issued, administered or enforced by any governmental agency (collectively, the “ Money Laundering Laws ”) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with respect to the Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened.

(jj) Compliance with OFAC . None of the Company, any of its subsidiaries or, to the knowledge of the Company, any trustee, director, officer, agent, employee or affiliate of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“ OFAC ”); and the Company will not, directly or indirectly, use the proceeds of the offering of the Shares hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity, for the purpose of financing the activities of any person currently subject to any U.S. sanctions administered by OFAC.

(kk) No Restrictions on Subsidiaries . No subsidiary of the Company (including the Operating Partnership) is currently prohibited, directly or indirectly, under any agreement or other instrument to which it is a party or is subject, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such subsidiary’s capital stock, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such subsidiary’s properties or assets to the Company or any other subsidiary of the Company.

 

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(ll) No Broker’s Fees . Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder’s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the Shares.

(mm) No Registration Rights . Except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, no person has the right to require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to register any securities for sale under the Securities Act by reason of the filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission or the issuance and sale of the Shares.

(nn) No Stabilization . Neither the Company nor the Operating Partnership has not taken, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares.

(oo) Business with Cuba . The Company has complied with all provisions of Section 517.075, Florida Statutes (Chapter 92-198, Laws of Florida, as amended) relating to doing business with the Government of Cuba or with any person or affiliate located in Cuba.

(pp) Margin Rules . The application of the proceeds received by the Company from the issuance, sale and delivery of the Shares as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus will not violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or any other regulation of such Board of Governors.

(qq) Forward-Looking Statements . No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Exchange Act) contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith.

(rr) Statistical and Market Data . Nothing has come to the attention of the Company that has caused the Company to believe that the statistical and market-related data included in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus is not based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects.

(ss) Sarbanes-Oxley Act . The Company has taken all necessary actions to ensure that, upon effectiveness of the Registration Statement, it will be in compliance in all respects with all provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith (the “ Sarbanes-Oxley Act ”) applicable to the Company, including Section 402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications.

(tt) Status under the Securities Act . At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a bona fide offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Shares and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not an “ineligible issuer,” as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. The Company has paid the registration fee for this offering as calculated pursuant to Rule 457 under the Securities Act or will pay such fee within the time period required by such rule (without giving effect to the proviso therein) and in any event prior to the Closing Date.

(uu) Real Estate Investment Trust . Commencing with its taxable year ending December 31, 2009, the Company will be organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a real estate investment trust (a “ REIT ”) under the Code, and the Company’s proposed

 

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method of operation will enable it to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code. All statements regarding the Company’s qualification and taxation as a REIT and descriptions of the Company’s organization and proposed method of operation set forth in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus are true, complete and correct in all material respects.

(vv) No Rated Securities . There are no debt securities or preferred stock of, or guaranteed by, the Company or any of its subsidiaries that are rated by a “nationally recognized statistical rating organization,” as such term is defined by the Commission for purposes of Rule 436(g)(2) under the Securities Act.

4. Further Agreements of the Company and the Operating Partnership . The Company and the Operating Partnership, jointly and severally, covenant and agree with each Underwriter that:

(a) Required Filings . The Company will file the final Prospectus with the Commission within the time periods specified by Rule 424(b) and Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act, will file any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act; and will furnish copies of the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (to the extent not previously delivered) to the Underwriters in New York City prior to 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement in such quantities as the Representatives may reasonably request.

(b) Delivery of Copies . The Company will deliver, without charge, (i) to the Representatives, two signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto, in each case including all exhibits and consents filed therewith; and (ii) to each Underwriter (A) a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) and (B) during the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below), as many copies of the Prospectus (including all amendments and supplements thereto and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus) as the Representatives may reasonably request. As used herein, the term “ Prospectus Delivery Period ” means such period of time after the first date of the public offering of the Shares as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters a prospectus relating to the Shares is required by law to be delivered (or required to be delivered but for Rule 172 under the Securities Act) in connection with sales of the Shares by any Underwriter or dealer.

(c) Amendments or Supplements, Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses . Before preparing, using, authorizing, approving, referring to or filing any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and before filing any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement or the Prospectus, the Company will furnish to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters a copy of the proposed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, amendment or supplement for review and will not prepare, use, authorize, approve, refer to or file any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representatives reasonably object.

(d) Notice to the Representatives . The Company will advise the Representatives promptly, and confirm such advice in writing, (i) when the Registration Statement has become effective; (ii) when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective; (iii) when any supplement to the Prospectus or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment to the Prospectus has been filed; (iv) of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or the receipt of any comments from the Commission relating to the Registration Statement or any other request by the Commission for any additional information; (v) of the issuance by the Commission of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for that

 

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purpose or pursuant to Section 8A of the Securities Act; (vi) of the occurrence of any event within the Prospectus Delivery Period as a result of which the Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package or any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading; (viii) of the receipt by the Company of any notice with respect to any suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offer and sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and the Company will use its best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or suspending any such qualification of the Shares and, if any such order is issued, will obtain as soon as possible the withdrawal thereof.

(e) Ongoing Compliance . (1) If during the Prospectus Delivery Period (i) any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii) it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with law, the Company will promptly notify the Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c) above, file with the Commission and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate such amendments or supplements to the Prospectus as may be necessary so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus will comply with law and (2) if at any time prior to the Closing Date (i) any event shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Pricing Disclosure Package as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading or (ii) it is necessary to amend or supplement the Pricing Disclosure Package to comply with law, the Company will promptly notify the Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c) above, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate such amendments or supplements to the Pricing Disclosure Package as may be necessary so that the statements in the Pricing Disclosure Package as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Pricing Disclosure Package will comply with law.

(f) Blue Sky Compliance . The Company will qualify the Shares for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives shall reasonably request and will continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for distribution of the Shares; provided that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify as a foreign corporation or other entity or as a dealer in securities in any such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to so qualify, (ii) file any general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction or (iii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is not otherwise so subject.

(g) Earnings Statement . The Company will make generally available to its security holders and the Representatives (which may be satisfied by filing with the Commission’s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval (“ EDGAR ”) system or such other system designated by the Commission) as soon as practicable an earnings statement that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of the Commission promulgated thereunder covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the “effective date” (as defined in Rule 158) of the Registration Statement.

 

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(h) Clear Market . For a period of 180 days after the date of the Prospectus, the Company will not (i) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or file with the Securities and Exchange Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Stock, or publicly disclose the intention to make any offer, sale, pledge, disposition or filing, or (ii) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Stock or any such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (i) or (ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of the Representatives, other than (A) the Shares to be sold hereunder, (B) the Shares issued in connection with the concurrent private placements described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (C) grants of any awards under Company Stock Plans and any shares of Stock of the Company issued upon the exercise of options granted under Company Stock Plans and (D) the filing of a registration statement on Form S-8 relating to any shares that have been or may be issued pursuant to clause (C) above. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (1) during the last 17 days of the 180-day restricted period, the Company issues an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to the Company occurs; or (2) prior to the expiration of the 180-day restricted period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day period, the restrictions imposed by this Agreement shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.

(i) Use of Proceeds . The Company will apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Shares as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the heading “Use of proceeds”.

(j) No Stabilization . The Company will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that would reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Stock.

(k) Exchange Listing . The Company will use its best efforts to list, subject to notice of issuance, the Shares on the New York Stock Exchange (the “ Exchange ”).

(l) Reports . For one year from the date hereof, the Company will furnish to the Representatives, as soon as practicable after they are available, copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to holders of the Shares, and copies of any reports and financial statements furnished to or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange or automatic quotation system; provided the Company will be deemed to have furnished such reports and financial statements to the Representatives to the extent they are filed on the Commission’s EDGAR system or any successor system thereto.

(m) Record Retention . The Company will, pursuant to reasonable procedures developed in good faith, retain copies of each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not filed with the Commission in accordance with Rule 433 under the Securities Act.

(n) Filings . The Company will file with the Commission such reports as may be required by Rule 463 under the Securities Act.

(o) Qualification and Taxation as a REIT . The Company will use its best efforts to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for its taxable year ending

 

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December 31, 2009, and the Company will use its best efforts to continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code unless the Company’s board of trustees determines in good faith that it is no longer in the best interests of the Company and its shareholders to be so qualified.

5. Certain Agreements of the Underwriters . Each Underwriter hereby represents and agrees that:

(a) It has not used, authorized use of, referred to or participated in the planning for use of, and will not use, authorize use of, refer to or participate in the planning for use of, any “free writing prospectus”, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act (which term includes use of any written information furnished to the Commission by the Company and not incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and any press release issued by the Company) other than (i) a free writing prospectus that contains no “issuer information” (as defined in Rule 433(h)(2) under the Securities Act) that was not included (including through incorporation by reference) in the Preliminary Prospectus or a previously filed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, (ii) any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus listed on Annex B or prepared pursuant to Section 3(c) or Section 4(c) above (including any electronic road show), or (iii) any free writing prospectus prepared by such underwriter and approved by the Company in advance in writing (each such free writing prospectus referred to in clauses (i) or (iii), an “Underwriter Free Writing Prospectus”).

(b) It has not and will not, without the prior written consent of the Company, use any free writing prospectus that contains the final terms of the Shares unless such terms have previously been included in a free writing prospectus filed with the Commission.

(c) It is not subject to any pending proceeding under Section 8A of the Securities Act with respect to the offering (and will promptly notify the Company if any such proceeding against it is initiated during the Prospectus Delivery Period).

6. Conditions of Underwriters’ Obligations. The obligation of each Underwriter to purchase the Underwritten Shares on the Closing Date or the Option Shares on the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, as provided herein is subject to the performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder and to the following additional conditions:

(a) Registration Compliance; No Stop Order . No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose pursuant to Section 8A under the Securities Act shall be pending before or threatened by the Commission; the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus shall have been timely filed with the Commission under the Securities Act (in the case of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act) and in accordance with Section 4(a) hereof; and all requests by the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representatives.

(b) Representations and Warranties . The representations and warranties of the Company contained herein shall be true and correct on the date hereof and on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be; and the statements of the Company and its officers made in any certificates delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

(c) No Material Adverse Change . No event or condition of a type described in Section 3(f) hereof shall have occurred or shall exist, which event or condition is not described in the Pricing Disclosure Package (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the Prospectus

 

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(excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the effect of which, in the judgment of the Representatives, makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Shares on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

(d) Officer’s Certificate . The Representatives shall have received from the Company, on behalf of itself and the Operating Partnership, on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, a certificate of the chief executive officer and chief financial officer or chief accounting officer of the Company (i) confirming that such officers have carefully reviewed the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and, to the knowledge of such officers, the representations set forth in Sections 3(b) and 3(d) hereof are true and correct, (ii) confirming that the other representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct and that the Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and (iii) to the effect set forth in paragraphs (a) and (c) above.

(e) Comfort Letters . On the date of this Agreement and on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, Ernst & Young LLP shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants’ “comfort letters” to underwriters with respect to the financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; provided , that the letter delivered on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall use a “cut-off” date no more than three business days prior to such Closing Date or such Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

(f) Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Company . Hogan & Hartson LLP, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinion and 10b-5 statement, dated the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, to the effect set forth in Annex A-1 hereto.

(g) Opinion and 10b-5 Statement of Counsel for the Underwriters . The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, an opinion and 10b-5 statement of Clifford Chance US LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, with respect to such matters as the Representatives may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters.

(h) Tax Opinion . Hogan & Hartson LLP, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their tax opinion, dated the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, to the effect set forth in Annex A-2 hereto.

(i) No Legal Impediment to Issuance . No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, prevent the issuance or sale of the Shares; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued that would, as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, prevent the issuance or sale of the Shares.

 

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(j) Good Standing . The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company and its subsidiaries in their respective jurisdictions of organization and their good standing as foreign entities in such other jurisdictions as the Representatives may reasonably request, in each case in writing or any standard form of telecommunication from the appropriate governmental authorities of such jurisdictions.

(k) Exchange Listing . The Shares to be delivered on the Closing Date or Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall have been approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange, subject to official notice of issuance.

(l) Lock-up Agreements . The “lock-up” agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, between you and certain shareholders, officers and trustees of the Company relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Stock or certain other securities, delivered to you on or before the date hereof, shall be full force and effect on the Closing Date or Additional Closing Date, as the case may be.

(m) Chief Financial Officer’s Certificate . The Representatives shall have received from the Company on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, a certificate from the chief financial officer of the Company substantially in the form set forth as Annex C.

(n) Additional Documents . On or prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives such further certificates and documents as the Representatives may reasonably request.

All opinions, letters, certificates and evidence mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters.

7. Indemnification and Contribution .

(a) Indemnification of the Underwriters . The Company and the Operating Partnership, jointly and severally, agree to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such fees and expenses are incurred), joint or several, that arise out of, or are based upon, (i) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, not misleading, (ii) or any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any “issuer information” filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act or any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use

 

- 20 -


therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in subsection (b) below.

(b) Indemnification of the Company and the Operating Partnership . Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, the Operating Partnership, their trustees, directors and officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the indemnity set forth in paragraph (a) above (including, without limitation, reasonable legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such fees and expenses are incurred), but only with respect to any losses, claims, damages or liabilities that arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to such Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any Pricing Disclosure Package, it being understood and agreed upon that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of each Underwriter: the concession and reallowance figures appearing in the third paragraph and the information in the twelfth, thirteenth and fourteenth paragraphs under the caption “Underwriting”.

(c) Notice and Procedures . If any suit, action, proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against any person in respect of which indemnification may be sought pursuant to either paragraph (a) or (b) above, such person (the “ Indemnified Person ”) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnification may be sought (the “ Indemnifying Person ”) in writing; provided that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have under paragraph (a) or (b) above except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and provided , further , that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an Indemnified Person otherwise than under paragraph (a) or (b) above. If any such proceeding shall be brought or asserted against an Indemnified Person and it shall have notified the Indemnifying Person thereof, the Indemnifying Person shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person (who shall not, without the consent of the Indemnified Person, be counsel to the Indemnifying Person) to represent the Indemnified Person in such proceeding and shall pay the fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding, as incurred. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Person shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless (i) the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person shall have mutually agreed to the contrary; (ii) the Indemnifying Person has failed within a reasonable time to retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person; (iii) the Indemnified Person shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available to it that are different from or in addition to those available to the Indemnifying Person; or (iv) the named parties in any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interest between them. It is understood and agreed that the Indemnifying Person shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all Indemnified Persons, and that all such fees and expenses shall be paid or reimbursed as they are incurred, upon receipt from the Indemnified Persons of a written request for payment thereof accompanied by a written statement with reasonably supporting detail of such fees and expenses. Any such separate firm for any Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and any control persons of such Underwriter shall be designated in writing by J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and any such separate firm for the Company, its trustees, its directors, its officers who signed the Registration

 

- 21 -


Statement and any control persons of the Company shall be designated in writing by the Company. The Indemnifying Person shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the Indemnifying Person agrees to indemnify each Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an Indemnified Person shall have requested that an Indemnifying Person reimburse the Indemnified Person for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by this paragraph, the Indemnifying Person shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by the Indemnifying Person of such request and (ii) the Indemnifying Person shall not have reimbursed the Indemnified Person in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No Indemnifying Person shall, without the written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnification could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement (x) includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person, from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding and (y) does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Person.

(d) Contribution . If the indemnification provided for in paragraphs (a) and (b) above is unavailable to an Indemnified Person or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Person under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, from the offering of the Shares or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) but also the relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the net proceeds (before deducting expenses) received by the Company from the sale of the Shares and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters in connection therewith, in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate offering price of the Shares. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by the Underwriters and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

(e) Limitation on Liability . The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in paragraph (d) above. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Person as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in paragraph (d) above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any reasonable legal or other expenses incurred by such Indemnified Person in connection with any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, in no event shall an Underwriter be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by such Underwriter with respect to the offering of the Shares exceeds the amount of any damages that such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by reason

 

- 22 -


of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters’ obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 7 are several in proportion to their respective purchase obligations hereunder and not joint.

(f) Non-Exclusive Remedies . The remedies provided for in this Section 7 are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity.

8. Effectiveness of Agreement . This Agreement shall become effective upon the execution and delivery hereof by the parties hereto.

9. Termination . This Agreement may be terminated in the absolute discretion of the Representatives, by notice to the Company, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and prior to the Closing Date or, in the case of the Option Shares, prior to the Additional Closing Date (i) trading generally shall have been suspended or materially limited on or by any of the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Stock Market; (ii) trading of any securities issued or guaranteed by the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any over-the-counter market; (iii) a general moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by federal or New York State authorities; or (iv) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities or any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis, either within or outside the United States, that, in the judgment of the Representatives, is material and adverse and makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Shares on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus.

10. Defaulting Underwriter .

(a) If, on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, any Underwriter defaults on its obligation to purchase the Shares that it has agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, the non-defaulting Underwriters may in their discretion arrange for the purchase of such Shares by other persons satisfactory to the Company on the terms contained in this Agreement. If, within 36 hours after any such default by any Underwriter, the non-defaulting Underwriters do not arrange for the purchase of such Shares, then the Company shall be entitled to a further period of 36 hours within which to procure other persons satisfactory to the non-defaulting Underwriters to purchase such Shares on such terms. If other persons become obligated or agree to purchase the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter, either the non-defaulting Underwriters or the Company may postpone the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, for up to five full business days in order to effect any changes that in the opinion of counsel for the Company or counsel for the Underwriters may be necessary in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or in any other document or arrangement, and the Company agrees to promptly prepare any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that effects any such changes. As used in this Agreement, the term “ Underwriter ” includes, for all purposes of this Agreement unless the context otherwise requires, any person not listed in Schedule 1 hereto that, pursuant to this Section 10, purchases Shares that a defaulting Underwriter agreed but failed to purchase.

(b) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the non-defaulting Underwriters and the Company as provided in paragraph (a) above, the aggregate number of Shares that remain unpurchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, does not exceed 10% of the aggregate number of Shares

 

- 23 -


to be purchased on such date, then the Company shall have the right to require each non-defaulting Underwriter to purchase the number of Shares that such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder on such date plus such Underwriter’s pro rata share (based on the number of Shares that such Underwriter agreed to purchase on such date) of the Shares of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made.

(c) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the non-defaulting Underwriters and the Company as provided in paragraph (a) above, the aggregate number of Shares that remain unpurchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, exceeds 10% of the aggregate amount of Shares to be purchased on such date, or if the Company shall not exercise the right described in paragraph (b) above, then this Agreement or, with respect to any Additional Closing Date, the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase Shares on the Additional Closing Date shall terminate without liability on the part of the non-defaulting Underwriters. Any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section 10 shall be without liability on the part of the Company, except that the Company will continue to be liable for the payment of expenses as set forth in Section 11 hereof and except that the provisions of Section 7 hereof shall not terminate and shall remain in effect.

(d) Nothing contained herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter of any liability it may have to the Company or any non-defaulting Underwriter for damages caused by its default.

11. Payment of Expenses .

(a) Whether or not the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated, the Company will pay or cause to be paid all costs and expenses incident to the performance of its obligations hereunder, including without limitation, (i) the costs incident to the authorization, issuance, sale, preparation and delivery of the Shares and any taxes payable in that connection; (ii) the costs incident to the preparation, printing and filing under the Securities Act of the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (including all exhibits, amendments and supplements thereto) and the distribution thereof; (iii) the costs of reproducing and distributing each of the Transaction Documents; (iv) the fees and expenses of the Company’s counsel and independent accountants; (v) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the registration or qualification of the Shares under the state or foreign securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives may designate and the preparation, printing and distribution of a Blue Sky Memorandum (including the related fees and expenses of counsel for the Underwriters up to an aggregate amount of $10,000); (vi) the cost of preparing stock certificates; (vii) the costs and charges of any transfer agent and any registrar; (viii) all expenses and application fees incurred in connection with any filing with, and clearance of the offering by, FINRA; (ix) all expenses incurred by the Company in connection with any “road show” presentation to potential investors, except that (A) the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, will share equally the cost of any aircraft chartered for both the Company and the Underwriters in connection with the “road show” and (B) the lodging and incidental expenses of employees of the Underwriters shall be the responsibility of the Underwriters and (x) all expenses and application fees related to the listing of the Shares on the Exchange. Except as explicitly provided in this Section 11(a), Section 11(b) and Section 7, the Underwriters shall pay their own expenses, including the fees and disbursements of their counsel and other advisors.

(b) If (i) this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section 9, (ii) the Company for any reason fails to tender the Shares for delivery to the Underwriters or (iii) the Underwriters decline to purchase the Shares for any reason permitted under this Agreement, the Company agrees to reimburse the Underwriters for all out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including the reasonable fees and expenses of their

 

- 24 -


counsel) reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in connection with this Agreement and the offering contemplated hereby.

12. Persons Entitled to Benefit of Agreement . This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers, trustees and directors and any controlling persons referred to in Section 7 hereof. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any other person any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision contained herein. No purchaser of Shares from any Underwriter shall be deemed to be a successor merely by reason of such purchase.

13. Survival . The respective indemnities, rights of contribution, representations, warranties and agreements of the Company and the Underwriters contained in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of the Company or the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement or any certificate delivered pursuant hereto shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Shares and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any termination of this Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of the Company or the Underwriters.

14. Certain Defined Terms . For purposes of this Agreement, (a) except where otherwise expressly provided, the term “ affiliate ” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act; (b) the term “ business day ” means any day other than a day on which banks are permitted or required to be closed in New York City; and (c) the term “ subsidiary ” has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act; and (d) the term “ significant subsidiary ” has the meaning set forth in Rule 1-02 of Regulation S-X under the Exchange Act.

15. Miscellaneous .

(a) Authority of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc . Any action by the Underwriters hereunder may be taken by J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. on behalf of the Underwriters, and any such action taken by J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. shall be binding upon the Underwriters.

(b) Notices . All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed or transmitted and confirmed by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Underwriters shall be given to the Representatives at: c/o J.P. Morgan Securities Inc., 383 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10179 (fax: (212) 622-8358), Attention: Equity Syndicate Desk and c/o Deutsche Bank Securities Inc., 60 Wall Street, 4 th Floor, New York, New York 10005 (fax: (212) 797-9344), Attention: ECM Syndicate Desk, with a copy to the General Counsel (fax: (212) 797-4564). Notices to the Company shall be given to it at Chesapeake Lodging Trust, 710 Route 46 East, Suite 206, Fairfield, NJ 07004, (fax: (201) 599-0527), Attention: Douglas W. Vicari.

(c) Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York applicable to agreements made and to be performed in such state.

(d) Counterparts . This Agreement may be signed in counterparts (which may include counterparts delivered by any standard form of telecommunication), each of which shall be an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.

(e) Amendments or Waivers . No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, nor any consent or approval to any departure therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the parties hereto.

 

- 25 -


(f) Headings . The headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement.

 

- 26 -


If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please indicate your acceptance of this Agreement by signing in the space provided below.

 

Very truly yours,
CHESAPEAKE LODGING TRUST
By:    
 

Name:

Title:

CHESAPEAKE LODGING, L.P.
By:  

CHESAPEAKE LODGING TRUST

Its General Partner

By:    
 

Name:

Title:

Accepted:                , 2009

J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES INC.

For itself and on behalf of the

several Underwriters listed

in Schedule 1 hereto.

 

By:    
  Authorized Signatory

DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.

For itself and on behalf of the

several Underwriters listed

in Schedule 1 hereto.

 

By:    
  Authorized Signatory

 

- 27 -


Schedule 1

 

Underwriter

   Number of Shares

J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.

  

Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

  

FBR Capital Markets & Co.

  

KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc.

  

Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated

  

JMP Securities LLC

  
    

Total

   12,500,000
    

 

- 1 -


Exhibit A

FORM OF LOCK-UP AGREEMENT

                    , 2009

J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES INC.

DEUTSCHE BANK SECURITIES INC.

As Representatives of

the several Underwriters listed in

Schedule 1 to the Underwriting

Agreement referred to below

c/o J.P. Morgan Securities Inc.

383 Madison Avenue

New York, New York 10179

c/o Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.

60 Wall Street

New York, New York 10005

 

  Re: Chesapeake Lodging Trust — Public Offering

Ladies and Gentlemen:

The undersigned understands that you, as Representatives of the several Underwriters, propose to enter into an Underwriting Agreement (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”) with Chesapeake Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “ Company ”) and Chesapeake Lodging, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), providing for the public offering (the “ Public Offering ”) by the several Underwriters named in Schedule 1 to the Underwriting Agreement (the “ Underwriters ”), of the common shares of beneficial interest of the Company (the “ Securities ”). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Underwriting Agreement.

In consideration of the Underwriters’ agreement to purchase and make the Public Offering of the Securities, and for other good and valuable consideration receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities Inc. and Deutsche Bank Securities Inc. on behalf of the Underwriters, the undersigned will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of the prospectus relating to the Public Offering (the “ Prospectus ”), (1) offer, pledge, announce the intention to sell, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any common shares of beneficial interest, $ 0.01 per share par value, of the Company (the “ Common Shares ”) or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Shares (including without limitation, Common Shares or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by the undersigned in accordance with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant) or (2) enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Common Shares or such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (1) or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of Common Shares or such other securities, in cash or otherwise or (3) make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any shares of Common Shares or any security convertible into or

 

- 1 -


exercisable or exchangeable for Common Shares, in each case other than (A) the Securities to be sold by the undersigned pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement, (B) transfers of shares of Common Shares as a bona fide gift or gifts, and (C) distributions of shares of Common Shares to members or stockholders of the undersigned; provided that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to clause (B) or (C), each donee or distributee shall execute and deliver to the Representatives a lock-up letter in the form of this paragraph; and provided , further , that in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to clause (B) or (C), no filing by any party (donor, donee, transferor or transferee) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or other public announcement shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transfer or distribution (other than a filing on a Form 5 made after the expiration of the 180-day period referred to above). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if (1) during the last 17 days of the 180-day restricted period, the Company issues an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to the Company occurs; or (2) prior to the expiration of the 180-day restricted period, the Company announces that it will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day period, the restrictions imposed by this Letter Agreement shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.

In furtherance of the foregoing, the Company, and any duly appointed transfer agent for the registration or transfer of the securities described herein, are hereby authorized to decline to make any transfer of securities if such transfer would constitute a violation or breach of this Lock-Up Agreement.

The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this Lock-Up Agreement. All authority herein conferred or agreed to be conferred and any obligations of the undersigned shall be binding upon the successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives of the undersigned.

The undersigned understands that, if the Underwriting Agreement does not become effective, or if the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Common Shares to be sold thereunder, the undersigned shall be released from, all obligations under this Lock-Up Agreement. The undersigned understands that the Underwriters are entering into the Underwriting Agreement and proceeding with the Public Offering in reliance upon this Lock-Up Agreement.

This Lock-Up Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without regard to the conflict of laws principles thereof.

 

Very truly yours,

 

[NAME OF SHAREHOLDER]

By:

   
 

Name:

Title:

 

- 2 -

Exhibit 5.1

[LETTERHEAD OF HOGAN & HARTSON L.L.P.]

December 7, 2009

Board of Trustees

Chesapeake Lodging Trust

710 Route 46 East

Suite 206

Fairfield, NJ 07004

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are acting as counsel to Chesapeake Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “ Company ”), in connection with its registration statement on Form S-11, as amended (file no. 333-162184) (the “ Registration Statement ”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Act ”), relating to the proposed public offering of up to $460,000,000 of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the “ Shares ”), all of which Shares are to be sold by the Company pursuant to the proposed form of Underwriting Agreement among the Company and the underwriters named therein (the “ Underwriters ”), which will be filed as Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement (the “ Underwriting Agreement ”). This opinion letter is furnished to you at your request to enable you to fulfill the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation S-K, 17 C.F.R. § 229.601(b)(5), in connection with the Registration Statement.

For purposes of this opinion letter, we have examined copies of such agreements, instruments and documents as we have deemed an appropriate basis on which to render the opinions hereinafter expressed. In our examination of the aforesaid documents, we have assumed the genuineness of all signatures, the legal capacity of all natural persons, the accuracy and completeness of all documents submitted to us, the authenticity of all original documents, and the conformity to authentic original documents of all documents submitted to us as copies (including telecopies). We also have assumed that the Shares will not be issued in violation of the ownership limit contained in the Company’s Articles of Amendment and Restatement of Declaration of Trust. As to all matters of fact, we have relied on the representations and statements of fact made in the documents so reviewed, and we have not independently established the facts so relied on. This opinion letter is given, and all statements herein are made, in the context of the foregoing.

This opinion letter is based as to matters of law solely on Title 8 of the Corporations and Associations Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland and applicable provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended (collectively, the “ Maryland REIT Law ”). We express no opinion herein as to any other laws, statutes, ordinances, rules, or regulations. As used herein, the term “Maryland REIT Law” includes the statutory provisions contained therein, all applicable provisions of the Maryland Constitution and reported judicial decisions interpreting these laws.


Board of Trustees

December 7, 2009

Page 2

 

Based upon, subject to and limited by the foregoing, we are of the opinion that following (i) execution and delivery by the Company of the Underwriting Agreement, (ii) effectiveness of the Registration Statement, (iii) issuance of the Shares pursuant to the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, and (iv) receipt by the Company of the consideration for the Shares specified in the resolutions of the Board of Trustees, the Shares will be validly issued, fully paid, and nonassessable.

This opinion letter has been prepared for use in connection with the Registration Statement. We assume no obligation to advise you of any changes in the foregoing subsequent to the effective date of the Registration Statement.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 5.1 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to this firm under the caption “Legal Matters” in the prospectus constituting a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are an “expert” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

Very truly yours,
/s/ HOGAN & HARTSON L.L.P.

Exhibit 8.1

[LETTERHEAD OF HOGAN & HARTSON L.L.P.]

December 7, 2009

Board of Trustees

Chesapeake Lodging Trust

710 Route 46 East

Suite 206

Fairfield, NJ 07004

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We are acting as tax counsel to Chesapeake Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “ Company ”), in connection with its registration statement on Form S-11, as amended (file no. 333-162184) (the “ Registration Statement, ” which includes the “ Prospectus ”), filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the proposed public offering of up to $460,000,000 of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company (the “Common Shares”). In connection with the filing of the Registration Statement, we have been asked to provide you with this letter regarding the Company’s qualification as a real estate investment trust (a “ REIT ”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.

Bases for Opinions

The opinions set forth in this letter are based on relevant current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”), Treasury Regulations thereunder (including proposed and temporary Treasury Regulations), and interpretations of the foregoing as expressed in court decisions, applicable legislative history, and the administrative rulings and practices of the Internal Revenue Service (the “ IRS ”), including its practices and policies in issuing private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS except with respect to a taxpayer that receives such a ruling, all as of the date hereof. These provisions and interpretations are subject to change by the IRS, Congress and the courts (as applicable), which may or may not be retroactive in effect and which might result in material modifications of our opinions. Our opinions do not foreclose the possibility of a contrary determination by the IRS or a court of competent jurisdiction, or of a contrary position taken by the IRS or the Treasury Department in regulations or rulings issued in the future. In this regard, an opinion of counsel with respect to an issue represents counsel’s best professional judgment with respect to the outcome on the merits with respect to such issue, if such issue were to be litigated, but an opinion is not binding on the IRS or the courts, and is not a guarantee that the IRS will not assert a contrary position with respect to such issue or that a court will not sustain such a position asserted by the IRS.


Board of Trustees

Chesapeake Lodging Trust

December 7, 2009

Page 2

 

In rendering the following opinions, we have examined such statutes, regulations, records, agreements, certificates and other documents as we have considered necessary or appropriate as a basis for the opinions, including, but not limited to (1) the Registration Statement, including the Prospectus; and (2) certain organizational documents of the Company and its subsidiary (those documents referred to in clauses (1) and (2), the “ Reviewed Documents ”).

The opinions set forth in this letter are premised on, among other things, the written representations of the Company contained in a letter to us dated as of the date hereof (the “ Management Representation Letter ”). Although we have discussed the Management Representation Letter with the Company, for purposes of rendering our opinions, we have not made an independent investigation or audit of the facts set forth in the Reviewed Documents and the Management Representation Letter. We consequently have relied upon the representations and statements of the Company as described in the Reviewed Documents and the Management Representation Letter, and assumed that the information presented in such documents or otherwise furnished to us is accurate and complete in all material respects.

In this regard, we have assumed with your consent the following:

 

  (1) that (A) all of the representations and statements as to factual matters set forth in the Reviewed Documents and the Management Representation Letter are true, correct, and complete as of the date hereof, (B) any representation or statement in the Reviewed Documents and the Management Representation Letter made as a belief or made “to the knowledge of” or similarly qualified is true, correct and complete as of the date hereof, without such qualification, (C) each agreement described in the Reviewed Documents is valid and binding in accordance with its terms, and (D) each of the obligations of the Company, and its subsidiaries, as described in the Reviewed Documents, has been or will be performed or satisfied in accordance with its terms;

 

  (2) the genuineness of all signatures, the proper execution of all documents, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to originals of documents submitted to us as copies, and the authenticity of the originals from which any copies were made;

 

  (3) that any documents as to which we have reviewed only a form were or will be duly executed without material changes from the form reviewed by us; and

 

  (4) from and after the date of this letter, the Company will comply with its representation contained in the Management Representation Letter that is will utilize all appropriate “savings provisions” (including the provisions of Sections 856(c)(6), 856(c)(7), and 856(g) of the Code, and the provision included in Section 856(c)(4) of the Code (flush language) allowing for the disposal of assets within 30 days after the close of a calendar quarter, and all available deficiency dividend procedures) available to the Company under the Code in order to correct any violations of the applicable REIT qualification requirements of Sections 856 and 857 of the Code, to the full extent the remedies under such provisions are available, but only to the extent available.


Board of Trustees

Chesapeake Lodging Trust

December 7, 2009

Page 3

 

Any material variation or difference in the facts from those set forth in the documents that we have reviewed and upon which we have relied (including, in particular, the Management Representation Letter) may adversely affect the conclusions stated herein.

Opinions

Based upon and subject to the assumptions and qualifications set forth herein, including, without limitation, the discussion in the next two paragraphs below, we are of the opinion that:

 

  (1) the Company has been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code and the Company’s current organization and proposed method of operation (as described in the Prospectus and the Management Representation Letter) will enable it to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code for its taxable year ending December 31, 2009 and future taxable years; and

 

  (2) the portions of the discussions in the Prospectus under the caption “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations” that describe applicable U.S. federal income tax law are correct in all material respects as of the date hereof.

The Company’s qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code will depend upon the ability of the Company to meet on an ongoing basis (through actual quarterly and annual operating results, distribution levels, diversity of share ownership and otherwise) the various qualification tests imposed under the Code, and upon the Company utilizing any and all appropriate “savings provisions” (including the provisions of Sections 856(c)(6), 856(c)(7), and 856(g) of the Code and the provision included in Section 856(c)(4) of the Code (flush language) allowing for the disposal of assets within 30 days after the close of a calendar quarter, and all available deficiency dividend procedures) available to the Company under the Code to correct violations of specified REIT qualification requirements of Sections 856 and 857 of the Code. Our opinions set forth above do not foreclose the possibility that the Company may have to utilize one or more of these “savings provisions” in the future, which could require the Company to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to maintain its REIT qualification. We have not undertaken to review the Company’s compliance with these requirements on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of the Company’s operations, the sources of its income, the nature of its assets, the level of its distributions to shareholders and the diversity of its share ownership for any given taxable year will satisfy the requirements under the Code for qualification and taxation as a REIT.

In order to qualify as a REIT, 75% of the Company’s total assets must be comprised of “real estate assets” (as that term is used for purposes of Section 856(c) of the Code) and limited other assets specified in the Code as of the close of each calendar quarter of each taxable year of the Company, including the taxable year ending December 31, 2009 (beginning with the calendar quarter ended June 30, 2009), and at least 75% of the Company’s gross income for any taxable year for which it seeks to qualify as a REIT must be derived from certain specified “real estate” sources, including qualifying rents from real property. The Company’s ability to comply with this requirement is entirely dependent on the Company acquiring and owning (for U.S. federal income tax purposes) on the relevant dates “real estate assets” with an aggregate value equal to, or in excess of, 75% of its “total assets” and owning throughout


Board of Trustees

Chesapeake Lodging Trust

December 7, 2009

Page 4

 

the relevant taxable year assets that will produce sufficient “real estate” gross income to satisfy the 75% gross income test. The value of the assets that the Company will own at the end of any future calendar quarter, cannot be known with certainty as of the date hereof. Similarly, the gross income that the Company’s assets will produce for 2009 (or future years), and the nature of that income, cannot be known with certainty as of the date hereof. We have not reviewed any assets that will be owned by the Company at the close of any future calendar quarter, nor have we reviewed any sources of the Company’s gross income for any taxable year. Accordingly, the accuracy of our opinions are entirely dependent on the Company’s representations contained in the Management Representation Letter regarding the anticipated value and composition of its assets that it will acquire with the proceeds of this offering of Common Shares or otherwise, and the nature of its income derived therefrom.

This opinion letter addresses only the specific U.S. federal income tax matters set forth above and does not address any other federal, state, local or foreign legal or tax issues.

This opinion letter has been prepared for your use in connection with the filing of the Registration Statement and speaks as of the date hereof. We assume no obligation by reason of this opinion letter or otherwise to advise you of any changes in our opinions subsequent to the effective date of the Registration Statement.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as Exhibit 8.1 to the Registration Statement and to the reference to Hogan & Hartson L.L.P. under the caption “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus. In giving this consent, however, we do not admit thereby that we are an “expert” within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

 

Very truly yours,
/s/ HOGAN & HARTSON L.L.P.

Exhibit 10.7

INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT

THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is entered into as of                                              , 2009, by and among Chesapeake Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “ Company ” or the “ Indemnitor ”) and [                                ] (the “ Indemnitee ”).

WHEREAS , the Indemnitee is an officer [ or ] [ and ] a member of the Board of Trustees of the Company (the “ Board ”) and in such [ capacity ][ capacities ] is performing a valuable service for the Company;

WHEREAS , Maryland law permits the Company to enter into contracts with its officers or members of its Board with respect to indemnification of, and advancement of expenses to, such persons;

WHEREAS , the Articles of Amendment and Restatement of the Company (the “ Charter ”) provide that the Company shall indemnify, pay and advance expenses to its trustees and officers to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time;

WHEREAS , the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company (the “ Bylaws ”) provide that each trustee and officer of the Company shall indemnify, pay and advance expenses to its trustees and officers to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time; and

WHEREAS , to induce the Indemnitee to provide services to the Company as an officer [ or ][ and ] a member of the Board, and to provide the Indemnitee with specific contractual assurance that indemnification will be available to the Indemnitee regardless of, among other things, any amendment to or revocation of the Charter or the Bylaws, or any acquisition transaction relating to the Company, the Indemnitor desires to provide the Indemnitee with protection against personal liability as set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the premises and the covenants contained herein, the Indemnitor and the Indemnitee hereby agree as follows:

 

1. DEFINITIONS .

For purposes of this Agreement:

 

  (A) “Change in Control” shall mean

 

  i. the dissolution or liquidation of the Company;

 

  ii.

the merger, consolidation, or reorganization of the Company with one or more other entities in which the Company is not the surviving entity or immediately following which the persons or entities who were beneficial owners (as determined pursuant to Rule 13d-3 under the Securities


 

Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “ Exchange Act ”)) of voting securities of the Company immediately prior thereto cease to beneficially own more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting securities of the surviving entity immediately thereafter;

 

  iii. a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company to another person or entity other than an affiliate of the Company;

 

  iv. any transaction (including without limitation a merger or reorganization in which the Company is the surviving entity) that results in any person or entity or “group” (within the meaning of Section 13(d)(3) or 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act) (other than persons who are shareholders or affiliates immediately prior to the transaction) owning twenty percent (20%) or more of the combined voting power of all classes of shares of beneficial interest in the Company; or

 

  v. individuals who, as of the date hereof, constitute the Board (the “ Incumbent Board ”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board; provided , however , that any individual becoming a trustee subsequent to the date hereof whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’s shareholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the trustees then comprising the Incumbent Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of the proxy statement of the Company in which such person is named as a nominee for trustee, without written objection to such nomination) shall be considered as though such individual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding, for this purpose, any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to the election or removal of trustees or other actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or contests by or on behalf of a person other than the Board.

 

  (B) “Corporate Status” describes the status of a person who is or was a trustee or officer of the Company or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a trustee, officer, partner (limited or general), member, trustee, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, trust, other enterprise (whether conducted for profit or not for profit) or employee benefit plan. The Company shall be deemed to have requested the Indemnitee to serve an employee benefit plan where the performance of the Indemnitee’s duties to the Company also imposes or imposed duties on, or otherwise involves or involved services by, the Indemnitee to the plan or participants or beneficiaries of the plan.

 

  (C)

“Expenses” shall include all attorneys’ and paralegals’ fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, and

 

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all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, or being or preparing to be a witness in a Proceeding.

 

  (D) “Proceeding” includes any action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation (including any internal investigation), administrative hearing, or any other proceeding, including appeals therefrom, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative, except one initiated by the Indemnitee pursuant to paragraph 8 of this Agreement to enforce such Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement.

 

  (E) “Special Legal Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither presently is, or in the past two years has been, retained to represent (i) the Indemnitor or the Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party, or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder.

 

2. INDEMNIFICATION

The Indemnitee shall be entitled to the rights of indemnification provided in this paragraph 2 and under applicable law, the Charter, the Bylaws, any other agreement, a vote of shareholders or resolution of the Board or otherwise if, by reason of such Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, such Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to any threatened, pending, or completed Proceeding, including a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company. Unless prohibited by paragraph 13 hereof and subject to the other provisions of this Agreement, the Indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, against judgments, penalties, fines, liabilities, and settlements and reasonable Expenses actually incurred by or on behalf of such Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein; provided , however , that if such Proceeding was initiated by or in the right of the Company, indemnification may not be made in respect of such Proceeding if the Indemnitee shall have been finally adjudged to be liable to the Company. For purposes of this paragraph 2, excise taxes assessed on the Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan pursuant to applicable law shall be deemed fines.

 

3. EXPENSES OF A SUCCESSFUL PARTY

Without limiting the effect of any other provision of this Agreement and without regard to the provisions of paragraph 6 hereof, to the extent that the Indemnitee is, by reason of such Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, a party to and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding pursuant to a final non-appealable order, such Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all reasonable Expenses actually incurred by or on behalf of such Indemnitee in connection therewith. If the Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding pursuant to a final non-appealable order but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues, or matters in such Proceeding pursuant to a final non-appealable order, the Indemnitor shall indemnify the Indemnitee against all reasonable Expenses actually

 

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incurred by or on behalf of such Indemnitee in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter. For purposes of this paragraph and without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or matter.

 

4. ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES

Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, but subject to paragraph 13 hereof, if the Indemnitee is or was or becomes a party to or is otherwise involved in any Proceeding (including as a witness), or is or was threatened to be made a party to or a participant (including as a witness) in any such Proceeding, by reason of the Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, or by reason of (or arising in part out of) any actual or alleged event or occurrence related to the Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, or by reason of any actual or alleged act or omission on the part of the Indemnitee taken or omitted in or relating to the Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, then the Indemnitor shall advance all reasonable Expenses incurred by the Indemnitee in connection with any such Proceeding within twenty (20) days after the receipt by the Indemnitor of a statement from the Indemnitee requesting such advance from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding; provided that, such statement shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred or to be incurred by the Indemnitee and shall include or be preceded or accompanied by (i) a written affirmation by the Indemnitee of the Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Indemnitor as authorized by this Agreement has been met and (ii) a written undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay the amounts advanced if it should ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct has not been met. The undertaking required by clause (ii) of the immediately preceding sentence shall be an unlimited general obligation of the Indemnitee but need not be secured and may be accepted without reference to financial ability to make the repayment.

 

5. WITNESS EXPENSES

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that the Indemnitee is, by reason of such Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, a witness for any reason in any Proceeding to which such Indemnitee is not a named defendant or respondent, such Indemnitee shall be indemnified by the Indemnitor against all Expenses actually incurred by or on behalf of such Indemnitee in connection therewith.

 

6. DETERMINATION OF ENTITLEMENT TO AND AUTHORIZATION OF INDEMNIFICATION

 

  (A) To obtain indemnification under this Agreement, the Indemnitee shall submit to the Indemnitor a written request, including therewith such documentation and information reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification.

 

  (B)

Indemnification under this Agreement may not be made unless authorized for a specific Proceeding after a determination has been made in accordance with this

 

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paragraph 6(B) that indemnification of the Indemnitee is permissible in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the following standard of conduct: the Indemnitor shall indemnify the Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 2 hereof, unless it is established that: (a) the act or omission of the Indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the Proceeding and (x) was committed in bad faith or (y) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; (b) the Indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or (c) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Upon receipt by the Indemnitor of the Indemnitee’s written request for indemnification pursuant to subparagraph 6(A), a determination as to whether the applicable standard of conduct has been met shall be made within the period specified in paragraph 6(E): (i) if a Change in Control shall have occurred, by Special Legal Counsel in a written opinion to the Board, a copy of which shall be delivered to the Indemnitee, with Special Legal Counsel selected by the Indemnitee (the Indemnitee shall give prompt written notice to the Indemnitor advising the Indemnitor of the identity of the Special Legal Counsel so selected); or (ii) if a Change in Control shall not have occurred, (A) by the Board by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of trustees not, at the time, parties to the Proceeding, or, if such quorum cannot be obtained, then by a majority vote of a committee of the Board consisting solely of two or more trustees not, at the time, parties to such Proceeding and who were duly designated to act in the matter by a majority vote of the full Board in which the designated trustees who are parties may participate, (B) if the requisite quorum of the full Board cannot be obtained therefor and the committee cannot be established (or, even if such quorum is obtainable or such committee can be established, if such quorum or committee so directs), by Special Legal Counsel in a written opinion to the Board, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee, with Special Legal Counsel selected by the Board or a committee of the Board by vote as set forth in clause (ii)(A) of this paragraph 6(B) (or, if the requisite quorum of the full Board cannot be obtained therefor and the committee cannot be established, by a majority of the full Board in which trustees who are parties to the Proceeding may participate) (if the Indemnitor selects Special Legal Counsel to make the determination under this clause (ii), the Indemnitor shall give prompt written notice to the Indemnitee advising him or her of the identity of the Special Legal Counsel so selected) or (C) if so directed by a majority of the members of the Board, by the shareholders of the Company. If it is so determined that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, payment to the Indemnitee shall be made within ten (10) days after such determination. Authorization of indemnification and determination as to reasonableness of Expenses shall be made in the same manner as the determination that indemnification is permissible. However, if the determination that indemnification is permissible is made by Special Legal Counsel under clause (ii)(B) above, authorization of indemnification and determination as to reasonableness of Expenses shall be made in the manner specified under clause (ii)(B) above for the selection of such Special Legal Counsel.

 

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  (C) The Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person or entity making such determination with respect to the Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification, including providing upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information which is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably available to the Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any reasonable costs or expenses (including reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements) incurred by the Indemnitee in so cooperating shall be borne by the Indemnitor (irrespective of the determination as to the Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification) and the Indemnitor hereby indemnifies and agrees to hold the Indemnitee harmless therefrom.

 

  (D) In the event the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Special Legal Counsel pursuant to paragraph 6(B) hereof, the Indemnitee, or the Indemnitor, as the case may be, may, within seven days after such written notice of selection shall have been given, deliver to the Indemnitor or to the Indemnitee, as the case may be, a written objection to such selection. Such objection may be asserted only on the grounds that the Special Legal Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of “Special Legal Counsel” as defined in paragraph 1 of this Agreement. If such written objection is made, the Special Legal Counsel so selected may not serve as Special Legal Counsel until a court has determined that such objection is without merit. If, within twenty (20) days after submission by the Indemnitee of a written request for indemnification pursuant to paragraph 6(A) hereof, no Special Legal Counsel shall have been selected or, if selected, shall have been objected to, either the Indemnitor or the Indemnitee may petition a court for resolution of any objection which shall have been made by the Indemnitor or the Indemnitee to the other’s selection of Special Legal Counsel and/or for the appointment as Special Legal Counsel of a person selected by the court or by such other person as the court shall designate, and the person with respect to whom an objection is so resolved or the person so appointed shall act as Special Legal Counsel under paragraph 6(B) hereof. The Indemnitor shall pay all reasonable fees and expenses of Special Legal Counsel incurred in connection with acting pursuant to paragraph 6(B) hereof, and all reasonable fees and expenses incident to the selection of such Special Legal Counsel pursuant to this paragraph 6(D). In the event that a determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Special Legal Counsel and such determination shall not have been made and delivered in a written opinion within ninety (90) days after the receipt by the Indemnitor of the Indemnitee’s request in accordance with paragraph 6(A), upon the due commencement of any judicial proceeding in accordance with paragraph 8(A) of this Agreement, Special Legal Counsel shall be discharged and relieved of any further responsibility in such capacity.

 

  (E)

If the person or entity making the determination whether the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification shall not have made a determination within forty-five (45) days after receipt by the Indemnitor of the request therefor, the requisite

 

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determination of entitlement to indemnification shall be deemed to have been made and the Indemnitee shall be entitled to such indemnification, absent: (i) a misstatement by the Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make the Indemnitee’s statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification, or (ii) a prohibition of such indemnification under applicable law. Such 45-day period may be extended for a reasonable time, not to exceed an additional fifteen (15) days, if the person or entity making said determination in good faith requires additional time for the obtaining or evaluating of documentation and/or information relating thereto. The foregoing provisions of this paragraph 6(E) shall not apply: (i) if the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by the shareholders and if within fifteen (15) days after receipt by the Indemnitor of the request for such determination the Board resolves to submit such determination to the shareholders for consideration at an annual or special meeting thereof to be held within seventy-five (75) days after such receipt and such determination is made at such meeting, or (ii) if the determination of entitlement to indemnification is to be made by Special Legal Counsel pursuant to paragraph 6(B) of this Agreement.

 

7. PRESUMPTIONS

 

  (A) In making a determination with respect to entitlement or authorization of indemnification hereunder, the person or entity making such determination shall presume that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under this Agreement and the Indemnitor shall have the burden of proof to overcome such presumption.

 

  (B) The termination of any Proceeding by conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, creates a rebuttable presumption that the Indemnitee did not meet the requisite standard of conduct described herein for indemnification.

 

8. REMEDIES

 

  (A) In the event that: (i) a determination is made in accordance with the provisions of paragraph 6 that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, or (ii) advancement of reasonable Expenses is not timely made pursuant to this Agreement, or (iii) payment of indemnification due the Indemnitee under this Agreement is not timely made, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court of competent jurisdiction of such Indemnitee’s entitlement to such indemnification or advancement of Expenses.

 

  (B)

In the event that a determination shall have been made pursuant to paragraph 6 of this Agreement that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this paragraph 8 shall be conducted in all respects as a de novo trial on the merits. The fact that a determination had been

 

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made earlier pursuant to paragraph 6 of this Agreement that the Indemnitee was not entitled to indemnification shall not be taken into account in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this paragraph 8 and the Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced in any way by reason of that adverse determination. In any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this paragraph 8, the Indemnitor shall have the burden of proving that the Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement of Expenses, as the case may be.

 

  (C) If a determination shall have been made or deemed to have been made pursuant to this Agreement that the Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Indemnitor shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this paragraph 8, absent: (i) a misstatement by the Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make the Indemnitee’s statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification, or (ii) a prohibition of such indemnification under applicable law.

 

  (D) The Indemnitor shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding commenced pursuant to this paragraph 8 that the procedures and presumptions of this Agreement are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in any such court that the Indemnitor is bound by all the provisions of this Agreement.

 

  (E) In the event that the Indemnitee, pursuant to this paragraph 8, seeks a judicial adjudication of such Indemnitee’s rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Agreement, if successful on the merits or otherwise as to all or less than all claims, issues or matters in such judicial adjudication, the Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Indemnitor, and shall be indemnified by the Indemnitor against, any and all reasonable Expenses actually incurred by such Indemnitee in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter.

 

9. NOTIFICATION AND DEFENSE OF CLAIMS

The Indemnitee agrees promptly to notify the Indemnitor in writing upon being served with any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, information, or other document relating to any Proceeding or matter which may be subject to indemnification or advancement of Expenses covered hereunder, but the failure so to notify the Indemnitor will not relieve the Indemnitor from any liability that the Indemnitor may have to Indemnitee under this Agreement unless the Indemnitor is materially prejudiced thereby. With respect to any such Proceeding as to which Indemnitee notifies the Indemnitor of the commencement thereof:

 

  (A) The Indemnitor will be entitled to participate therein at its own expense.

 

  (B)

Except as otherwise provided below, the Indemnitor will be entitled to assume the defense thereof, with counsel reasonably satisfactory to Indemnitee. After notice from the Indemnitor to Indemnitee of the Indemnitor’s election so to assume the defense thereof, the Indemnitor will not be liable to Indemnitee under this

 

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Agreement for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the defense thereof other than reasonable costs of investigation or as otherwise provided below. Indemnitee shall have the right to employ Indemnitee’s own counsel in such Proceeding, but the fees and disbursements of such counsel incurred after notice from the Indemnitor of the Indemnitor’s assumption of the defense thereof shall be at the expense of Indemnitee unless (a) the employment by counsel by Indemnitee has been authorized by the Indemnitor, (b) the Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that there may be a conflict of interest between the Indemnitor and the Indemnitee in the conduct of the defense of such action, (c) such Proceeding seeks penalties or other relief against the Indemnitee with respect to which the Indemnitor could not provide monetary indemnification to the Indemnitee (such as injunctive relief or incarceration) or (d) the Indemnitor shall not in fact have employed counsel to assume the defense of such action, in each of which cases the fees and disbursements of counsel shall be at the expense of the Indemnitor. The Indemnitor shall not be entitled to assume the defense of any Proceeding brought by or on behalf of the Indemnitor, or as to which Indemnitee shall have reached the conclusion specified in clause (b) above, or which involves penalties or other relief against Indemnitee of the type referred to in clause (c) above.

 

  (C) The Indemnitor shall not be liable to indemnify Indemnitee under this Agreement for any amounts paid in settlement of any action or claim effected without the Indemnitor’s written consent. The Indemnitor shall not settle any action or claim in any manner that would impose any penalty or limitation on Indemnitee without Indemnitee’s written consent. Neither the Indemnitor nor Indemnitee will unreasonably withhold or delay consent to any proposed settlement.

 

10. NON-EXCLUSIVITY; SURVIVAL OF RIGHTS; INSURANCE SUBROGATION

 

  (A) The rights of indemnification and to receive advancement of reasonable Expenses as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which the Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Charter, the Bylaws, any other agreement, a vote of shareholders, a resolution of the Board or otherwise, except that any payments otherwise required to be made by the Indemnitor hereunder shall be offset by any and all amounts received by the Indemnitee from any other indemnitor or under one or more liability insurance policies maintained by an indemnitor or otherwise and shall not be duplicative of any other payments received by an Indemnitee from the Indemnitor in respect of the matter giving rise to the indemnity hereunder. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Agreement or any provision hereof shall be effective as to the Indemnitee with respect to any action taken or omitted by the Indemnitee prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal.

 

  (B)

To the extent that the Company maintains an insurance policy or policies providing liability insurance for trustees and officers of the Company, the

 

- 9 -


 

Indemnitee shall be covered by such policy or policies in accordance with its or their terms to the maximum extent of the coverage available and upon any “Change in Control” the Company shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain or arrange for continuation and/or “tail” coverage for the Indemnitee to the maximum extent obtainable at such time.

 

  (C) In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the Indemnitor shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of the Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all actions necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Indemnitor to bring suit to enforce such rights.

 

  (D) The Indemnitor shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder if and to the extent that the Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement, or otherwise.

 

11. CONTINUATION OF INDEMNITY

 

  (A) All agreements and obligations of the Indemnitor contained herein shall continue during the period the Indemnitee is an officer or a member of the Board and shall continue thereafter so long as the Indemnitee shall be subject to any threatened, pending or completed Proceeding by reason of such Indemnitee’s Corporate Status and during the period of statute of limitations for any act or omission occurring during the Indemnitee’s term of Corporate Status. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Indemnitor and its respective successors and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of the Indemnitee and such Indemnitee’s heirs, executors and administrators.

 

  (B) The Company shall require and cause any successor (whether direct or indirect by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all, substantially all or a substantial part, of the business and/or assets of the Company, by written agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnitee, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.

 

12. SEVERABILITY

If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever, (i) the validity, legality, and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby, and (ii) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement

 

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(including, without limitation, each portion of any paragraph of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested by the provisions held invalid, illegal or unenforceable.

 

13. EXCEPTIONS TO RIGHT OF INDEMNIFICATION OR ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES

Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement, the Indemnitee shall not be entitled to indemnification or advancement of reasonable Expenses under this Agreement with respect to (i) any Proceeding initiated by such Indemnitee against the Indemnitor other than a proceeding commenced pursuant to paragraph 8 hereof, or (ii) any Proceeding for an accounting of profits arising from the purchase and sale by Indemnitee of securities of the Company in violation of Section 16(b) of the Exchange Act, rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, or any similar provisions of any federal, state or local statute.

 

14. NOTICE TO THE COMPANY SHAREHOLDERS

Any indemnification of, or advancement of reasonable Expenses, to an Indemnitee in accordance with this Agreement, if arising out of a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company, shall be reported in writing to the shareholders of the Company with the notice of the next Company shareholders’ meeting or prior to the meeting.

 

15. HEADINGS

The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof.

 

16. MODIFICATION AND WAIVER

No supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by each of the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions hereof (whether or not similar) nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.

 

17. NOTICES

All notices, requests, demands, and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if (i) delivered by hand and receipted for by the party to whom said notice or other communication shall have been directed, or (ii) mailed by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date on which it is so mailed, if so delivered or mailed, as the case may be, to the following addresses:

If to the Indemnitee, to the address set forth in the records of the Company.

 

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If to the Indemnitor, to:

Chesapeake Lodging Trust

710 Route 46 East

Suite 206

Fairfield, New Jersey 07004

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

Fax No.: (201) 599-0527

or to such other address as may have been furnished to the Indemnitee by the Indemnitor or to the Indemnitor by the Indemnitee, as the case may be.

 

18. GOVERNING LAW

The parties agree that this Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Maryland, without application of the conflict of laws principles thereof.

 

19. NO ASSIGNMENTS

The Indemnitee may not assign its rights or delegate obligations under this Agreement without the prior written consent of the Indemnitor. Any assignment or delegation in violation of this paragraph 19 shall be null and void.

 

20. NO THIRD PARTY RIGHTS

Nothing expressed or referred to in this Agreement will be construed to give any person other than the parties to this Agreement any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or with respect to this Agreement or any provision of this Agreement. This Agreement and all of its provisions are for the sole and exclusive benefit of the parties to this Agreement and their successors and permitted assigns.

 

21. COUNTERPARTS

This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together constitute an agreement binding on all of the parties hereto.

[Signature page follows.]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

 

CHESAPEAKE LODGING TRUST
By:  

 

Name:   James L. Francis
Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer
INDEMNITEE:
By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title  

 

[Indemnification Agreement]

Exhibit 10.8

AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

OF

CHESAPEAKE LODGING, L.P.


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

          Page

ARTICLE I DEFINED TERMS

   1

ARTICLE II ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS

   14

Section 2.1

   Organization    14

Section 2.2

   Name    14

Section 2.3

   Registered Office And Agent; Principal Office    14

Section 2.4

   Term    15

ARTICLE III PURPOSE

   15

Section 3.1

   Purpose And Business    15

Section 3.2

   Powers    15

ARTICLE IV CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ISSUANCES OF PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS

   16

Section 4.1

   Capital Contributions Of The Partners    16

Section 4.2

   Issuances Of Partnership Interests    16

Section 4.3

   No Preemptive Rights    18

Section 4.4

   Other Contribution Provisions    18

Section 4.5

   No Interest On Capital    18

ARTICLE V DISTRIBUTIONS

   18

Section 5.1

   Requirement And Characterization Of Distributions    18

Section 5.2

   Amounts Withheld    21

Section 5.3

   Distributions Upon Liquidation    21

Section 5.4

   Revisions To Reflect Issuance Of Partnership Interests    21

ARTICLE VI ALLOCATIONS

   21

Section 6.1

   Allocations For Capital Account Purposes    21

Section 6.2

   Revisions To Allocations To Reflect Issuance Of Partnership Interests    24

ARTICLE VII MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF BUSINESS

   24

Section 7.1

   Management    24

Section 7.2

   Certificate of Limited Partnership    28

Section 7.3

   Title to Partnership Assets    28

Section 7.4

   Reimbursement of the General Partner    29

Section 7.5

   Outside Activities of the General Partner; Relationship of Shares to Partnership Units; Funding Debt    32

Section 7.6

   Transactions With Affiliates    34

Section 7.7

   Indemnification    34

 

i


Section 7.8

   Liability of the General Partner    36

Section 7.9

   Other Matters Concerning the General Partner    37

Section 7.10

   Reliance By Third Parties    38

Section 7.11

   Restrictions on General Partner’s Authority    38

Section 7.12

   Loans by Third Parties    39

ARTICLE VIII RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF LIMITED PARTNERS

   39

Section 8.1

   Limitation of Liability    39

Section 8.2

   Management of Business    39

Section 8.3

   Outside Activities of Limited Partners    40

Section 8.4

   Return of Capital    40

Section 8.5

   Rights of Limited Partners Relating to the Partnership    40

Section 8.6

   Redemption Right    42

ARTICLE IX BOOKS, RECORDS, ACCOUNTING AND REPORTS

   45

Section 9.1

   Records and Accounting    45

Section 9.2

   Fiscal Year    45

Section 9.3

   Reports    46

ARTICLE X TAX MATTERS

   46

Section 10.1

   Preparation of Tax Returns    46

Section 10.2

   Tax Elections    46

Section 10.3

   Tax Matters Partner    46

Section 10.4

   Organizational Expenses    48

Section 10.5

   Withholding    48

ARTICLE XI TRANSFERS AND WITHDRAWALS

   49

Section 11.1

   Transfer    49

Section 11.2

   Transfers of Partnership Interests of General Partner    49

Section 11.3

   Limited Partners’ Rights to Transfer    50

Section 11.4

   Substituted Limited Partners    51

Section 11.5

   Assignees    52

Section 11.6

   General Provisions    52

ARTICLE XII ADMISSION OF PARTNERS

   54

Section 12.1

   Admission of a Successor General Partner    54

Section 12.2

   Admission of Additional Limited Partners    55

Section 12.3

   Amendment of Agreement and Certificate of Limited Partnership    55

ARTICLE XIII DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION

   56

Section 13.1

   Dissolution    56

Section 13.2

   Winding Up    56

Section 13.3

   Compliance With Timing Requirements of Regulations; Restoration of Deficit Capital Accounts    58

Section 13.4

   Rights of Limited Partners    59

Section 13.5

   Notice of Dissolution    60

 

ii


Section 13.6

   Cancellation of Certificate of Limited Partnership    60

Section 13.7

   Reasonable Time for Winding Up    60

Section 13.8

   Waiver of Partition    60

Section 13.9

   Liability Of Liquidator    60
ARTICLE XIV AMENDMENT OF PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT; MEETINGS    60

Section 14.1

   Amendments    60

Section 14.2

   Meetings of the Partners    63
ARTICLE XV GENERAL PROVISIONS    64

Section 15.1

   Addresses and Notice    64

Section 15.2

   Titles and Captions    64

Section 15.3

   Pronouns And Plurals    64

Section 15.4

   Further Action    64

Section 15.5

   Binding Effect    64

Section 15.6

   Creditors    64

Section 15.7

   Waiver    64

Section 15.8

   Counterparts    65

Section 15.9

   Applicable Law    65

Section 15.10

   Invalidity Of Provisions    65

Section 15.11

   Power Of Attorney    65

Section 15.12

   Entire Agreement    66

Section 15.13

   No Rights As Shareholders    66

Section 15.14

   Limitation To Preserve REIT Status    67

List of Exhibits:

Exhibit A-Partner Registry

Exhibit B-Capital Account Maintenance

Exhibit C-Special Allocation Rules

Exhibit D-Notice of Redemption

 

iii


AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

OF

CHESAPEAKE LODGING, L.P.

THIS AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP, dated as of                     , 2009, is entered into by and among Chesapeake Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust, as the General Partner, and the Persons whose names are set forth on the Partner Registry (as hereinafter defined) as Limited Partners, together with any other Persons who become Partners in Chesapeake Lodging, L.P. (the “ Partnership ”) as provided herein.

WHEREAS, on                          , 2009 the General Partner formed the Partnership as a limited partnership pursuant to Delaware law by the filing of the Certificate of Limited Partnership with the Delaware Secretary of State; and

WHEREAS, the Partners of the Partnership now desire to enter into this Agreement to set forth certain rights and obligations of the Partners with respect to the Partnership.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINED TERMS

The following definitions shall be for all purposes, unless otherwise clearly indicated to the contrary, applied to the terms used in this Agreement.

Act ” means the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, as it may be amended from time to time, and any successor to such statute.

Additional Limited Partner ” means a Person admitted to the Partnership as a Limited Partner pursuant to Section 12.2 hereof and who is shown as a Limited Partner on the Partner Registry.

Adjusted Capital Account ” means the Capital Account maintained for each Partner as of the end of each Fiscal Year (i) increased by any amounts which such Partner is obligated to restore pursuant to any provision of this Agreement or is deemed to be obligated to restore pursuant to the penultimate sentences of Regulations Sections 1.704-2(g)(1) and 1.704-2(i)(5) and (ii) decreased by the items described in Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5) and 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6). The foregoing definition of Adjusted Capital Account is intended to comply with the provisions of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

 

1


Adjusted Capital Account Deficit ” means, with respect to any Partner, the deficit balance, if any, in such Partner’s Adjusted Capital Account as of the end of the relevant Fiscal Year.

Adjusted Property ” means any property the Carrying Value of which has been adjusted pursuant to Exhibit B .

Affiliate ” means, with respect to any Person, (i) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person, (ii) any Person owning or controlling ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting interests of such Person, (iii) any Person of which such Person owns or controls ten percent (10%) or more of the voting interests or (iv) any officer, director, general partner or trustee of such Person or any Person referred to in clauses (i), (ii), and (iii) above. For purposes of this definition, “control,” when used with respect to any Person, means the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise, and the terms “controlling” and “controlled” have meanings correlative to the foregoing.

Aggregate DRO Amount ” means the aggregate balances of the DRO Amounts, if any, of all DRO Partners, if any, as determined on the date in question.

Agreed Value ” means (i) in the case of any Contributed Property, the Section 704(c) Value of such property as of the time of its contribution to the Partnership, reduced by any liabilities either assumed by the Partnership upon such contribution or to which such property is subject when contributed as determined under Section 752 of the Code and the regulations thereunder; and (ii) in the case of any property distributed to a Partner by the Partnership, the Partnership’s Carrying Value of such property at the time such property is distributed, reduced by any indebtedness either assumed by such Partner upon such distribution or to which such property is subject at the time of distribution.

Agreement ” means this Agreement of Limited Partnership, as it may be amended, supplemented or restated from time to time.

Assignee ” means a Person to whom one or more Partnership Units have been transferred in a manner permitted under this Agreement, but who has not become a Substituted Limited Partner, and who has the rights set forth in Section 11.5 .

Available Cash ” means, with respect to any period for which such calculation is being made:

 

  (a) all cash revenues and funds received by the Partnership from whatever source (excluding the proceeds of any Capital Contribution, unless otherwise determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion) plus the amount of any reduction (including, without limitation, a reduction resulting because the General Partner determines such amounts are no longer necessary) in reserves of the Partnership, which reserves are referred to in clause (b)(iv) below;

 

2


  (b) less the sum of the following (except to the extent made with the proceeds of any Capital Contribution):

 

  (i) all interest, principal and other debt-related payments made during such period by the Partnership,

 

  (ii) all cash expenditures (including capital expenditures) made by the Partnership during such period,

 

  (iii) investments in any entity (including loans made thereto) to the extent that such investments are permitted under this Agreement and are not otherwise described in clauses (b)(i) or (ii), and

 

  (iv) the amount of any increase in reserves established during such period which the General Partner determines is necessary or appropriate in its sole and absolute discretion (including any reserves that may be necessary or appropriate to account for distributions required with respect to Partnership Interests having a preference over other classes of Partnership Interests).

 

  (c) with any other adjustments as determined by the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion.

Notwithstanding the foregoing, after commencement of the dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership, Available Cash shall not include any cash received or reductions in reserves and shall not take into account any disbursements made or reserves established.

Book-Tax Disparities ” means, with respect to any item of Contributed Property or Adjusted Property, as of the date of any determination, the difference between the Carrying Value of such Contributed Property or Adjusted Property and the adjusted basis thereof for federal income tax purposes as of such date. A Partner’s share of the Partnership’s Book-Tax Disparities in all of its Contributed Property and Adjusted Property will be reflected by the difference between such Partner’s Capital Account balance as maintained pursuant to Exhibit B and the hypothetical balance of such Partner’s Capital Account computed as if it had been maintained strictly in accordance with federal income tax accounting principles.

Business Day ” means any day except a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks in New York, NY are authorized or required by law to close.

Capital Account ” means the Capital Account maintained for a Partner pursuant to Exhibit B . The initial Capital Account balance for each Partner who is a Partner on the date hereof shall be the amount set forth opposite such Partner’s name on the Partner Registry.

 

3


Capital Contribution ” means, with respect to any Partner, any cash and the Agreed Value of Contributed Property which such Partner contributes or is deemed to contribute to the Partnership.

Carrying Value ” means (i) with respect to a Contributed Property or Adjusted Property, the Section 704(c) Value of such property reduced (but not below zero) by all Depreciation with respect to such Contributed Property or Adjusted Property, as the case may be, charged to the Partners’ Capital Accounts and (ii) with respect to any other Partnership property, the adjusted basis of such property for federal income tax purposes, all as of the time of determination. The Carrying Value of any property shall be adjusted from time to time in accordance with Exhibit B , and to reflect changes, additions (including capital improvements thereto) or other adjustments to the Carrying Value for dispositions and acquisitions of Partnership properties, as deemed appropriate by the General Partner.

Cash Amount ” means an amount of cash equal to the Value on the Valuation Date of the Shares Amount.

Certificate of Limited Partnership ” means the Certificate of Limited Partnership relating to the Partnership filed in the office of the Delaware Secretary of State, as amended from time to time in accordance with the terms hereof and the Act.

Class A ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.C .

Class A Share ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.C .

Class A Unit ” means any Partnership Unit that is not specifically designated by the General Partner as being of another specified class of Partnership Units.

Class B ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.C .

Class B Share ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.C .

Class B Unit ” means a Partnership Unit that is specifically designated by the General Partner as being a Class B Unit.

Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended and in effect from time to time, as interpreted by the applicable regulations thereunder. Any reference herein to a specific section or sections of the Code shall be deemed to include a reference to any corresponding provision of future law.

Consent ” means the consent or approval of a proposed action by a Partner given in accordance with Article XIV .

Consent of the Outside Limited Partners ” means the Consent of Limited Partners (excluding for this purpose (i) any Limited Partner Interests held by the General Partner or the General Partner Entity, (ii) any Person of which the General Partner or the General Partner Entity directly or indirectly owns or controls more than fifty percent (50%) of the voting interests and

 

4


(iii) any Person directly or indirectly owning or controlling more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding voting interests of the General Partner or the General Partner Entity) holding Partnership Interests representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the Percentage Interest of the Class A Units of all Limited Partners which are not excluded pursuant to (i), (ii) and (iii) above.

Contributed Property ” means each property or other asset contributed to the Partnership, in such form as may be permitted by the Act, but excluding cash contributed or deemed contributed to the Partnership. Once the Carrying Value of a Contributed Property is adjusted pursuant to Exhibit B , such property shall no longer constitute a Contributed Property for purposes of Exhibit B , but shall be deemed an Adjusted Property for such purposes.

Conversion Factor ” means 1.0; provided , however , that, if the General Partner Entity (i) declares or pays a dividend on its outstanding Shares in Shares or makes a distribution to all holders of its outstanding Shares in Shares and does not make a corresponding distribution on Class A Units in Class A Units, (ii) subdivides its outstanding Shares, or (iii) combines its outstanding Shares into a smaller number of Shares, the Conversion Factor shall be adjusted by multiplying the Conversion Factor by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of Shares issued and outstanding on the record date for such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination (assuming for such purposes that such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination has occurred as of such time) and the denominator of which shall be the actual number of Shares (determined without the above assumption) issued and outstanding on the record date for such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination; and provided further that if an entity shall cease to be the General Partner Entity (the “ Predecessor Entity ”) and another entity shall become the General Partner Entity (the “ Successor Entity ”), the Conversion Factor shall be adjusted by multiplying the Conversion Factor by a fraction, the numerator of which is the Value of one Share of the Predecessor Entity, determined as of the date when the Successor Entity becomes the General Partner Entity, and the denominator of which is the Value of one Share of the Successor Entity, determined as of that same date. (For purposes of the second proviso in the preceding sentence, if any shareholders of the Predecessor Entity will receive consideration in connection with the transaction in which the Successor Entity becomes the General Partner Entity, the numerator in the fraction described above for determining the adjustment to the Conversion Factor (that is, the Value of one Share of the Predecessor Entity) shall be the sum of the greatest amount of cash and the fair market value (as determined in good faith by the General Partner) of any securities and other consideration that the holder of one Share in the Predecessor Entity could have received in such transaction (determined without regard to any provisions governing fractional shares).) Any adjustment to the Conversion Factor shall become effective immediately after the effective date of the event retroactive to the record date, if any, for the event giving rise thereto, it being intended that (x) adjustments to the Conversion Factor are to be made to avoid unintended dilution or anti-dilution as a result of transactions in which Shares are issued, redeemed or exchanged without a corresponding issuance, redemption or exchange of Partnership Units and (y) if a Specified Redemption Date shall fall between the record date and the effective date of any event of the type described above, that the Conversion Factor applicable to such redemption shall be adjusted to take into account such event.

Convertible Funding Debt ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.5.F .

 

5


Debt ” means, as to any Person, as of any date of determination, (i) all indebtedness of such Person for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services, (ii) all amounts owed by such Person to banks or other Persons in respect of reimbursement obligations under letters of credit, surety bonds and other similar instruments guaranteeing payment or other performance of obligations by such Person, (iii) all indebtedness for borrowed money or for the deferred purchase price of property or services secured by any lien on any property owned by such Person, to the extent attributable to such Person’s interest in such property, even though such Person has not assumed or become liable for the payment thereof, and (iv) obligations of such Person incurred in connection with entering into a lease which, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, should be capitalized.

Declaration of Trust ” means the Declaration of Trust of the General Partner filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation, as amended, supplemented, or restated from time to time.

Depreciation ” means, for each Fiscal Year, an amount equal to the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction allowable with respect to an asset for such year, except that if the Carrying Value of an asset differs from its adjusted basis for U.S. federal income tax purposes at the beginning of such year or other period, Depreciation shall be an amount which bears the same ratio to such beginning Carrying Value as the federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such year bears to such beginning adjusted tax basis; provided , however , that if the U.S. federal income tax depreciation, amortization, or other cost recovery deduction for such year is zero, Depreciation shall be determined with reference to such beginning Carrying Value using any reasonable method selected by the General Partner.

Distribution Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.C .

DRO Amount ” means the amount specified in the DRO Registry with respect to any DRO Partner, as such DRO Registry may be amended from time to time.

DRO Partner ” means a Partner who has agreed in writing to be a DRO Partner and has agreed and is obligated to make certain contributions, not in excess of such DRO Partner’s DRO Amount, to the Partnership with respect to any deficit balance in such Partner’s Capital Account upon the occurrence of certain events. A DRO Partner who is obligated to make any such contribution only upon liquidation of the Partnership shall be designated in the DRO Registry as a Part I DRO Partner and a DRO Partner who is obligated to make any such contribution to the Partnership either upon liquidation of the Partnership or upon liquidation of such DRO Partner’s Partnership Interest shall be designated in the DRO Registry as a Part II DRO Partner.

DRO Registry ” means the DRO Registry maintained by the General Partner in the books and records of the Partnership containing substantially the same information as would be necessary to complete the Form of DRO Registry attached hereto as Exhibit E .

Effective Date ” means the date of the closing of the General Partner’s initial public offering.

 

6


Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Fiscal Year ” means the fiscal year of the Partnership, which shall be the calendar year as provided in Section 9.2 .

Funding Debt ” means any Debt incurred for the purpose of providing funds to the Partnership by or on behalf of the General Partner, the General Partner Entity, or any wholly owned subsidiary of either the General Partner or the General Partner Entity.

General Partner ” means Chesapeake Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust, or its successor or permitted assignee, as general partner of the Partnership.

General Partner Entity ” means the General Partner; provided , however , that if (i) the common shares of beneficial interest (or other comparable equity interests) of the General Partner are at any time not Publicly Traded and (ii) the common shares of beneficial interest (or other comparable equity interests) of an entity that owns, directly or indirectly, fifty percent (50%) or more of the common shares of beneficial interest (or other comparable equity interests) of the General Partner are Publicly Traded, the term “General Partner Entity” shall refer to such entity whose common shares of beneficial interest (or other comparable equity securities) are Publicly Traded. If both requirements set forth in clauses (i) and (ii) above are not satisfied, then the term “General Partner Entity” shall mean the General Partner.

General Partner Interest ” means a Partnership Interest held by the General Partner that is not designated a Limited Partner Interest. A General Partner Interest may be expressed as a number of Partnership Units.

General Partner Payment ” has the meaning set forth in Section 15.14 hereof.

IRS ” means the Internal Revenue Service, which administers the internal revenue laws of the United States.

Immediate Family ” means, with respect to any natural Person, such natural Person’s spouse, parents, descendants, nephews, nieces, brothers, and sisters.

Incapacity ” or “ Incapacitated ” means, (i) as to any individual who is a Partner, death, total physical disability or entry by a court of competent jurisdiction adjudicating such Partner incompetent to manage his or her Person or estate, (ii) as to any corporation which is a Partner, the filing of a certificate of dissolution, or its equivalent, for the corporation or the revocation of its charter, (iii) as to any partnership or limited liability company which is a Partner, the dissolution and commencement of winding up of the partnership or limited liability company, (iv) as to any estate which is a Partner, the distribution by the fiduciary of the estate’s entire interest in the Partnership, (v) as to any trustee of a trust which is a Partner, the termination of the trust (but not the substitution of a new trustee) or (vi) as to any Partner, the bankruptcy of such Partner. For purposes of this definition, bankruptcy of a Partner shall be deemed to have occurred when (a) the Partner commences a voluntary proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect, (b) the Partner is adjudged as bankrupt or insolvent, or a final and

 

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nonappealable order for relief under any bankruptcy, insolvency or similar law now or hereafter in effect has been entered against the Partner, (c) the Partner executes and delivers a general assignment for the benefit of the Partner’s creditors, (d) the Partner files an answer or other pleading admitting or failing to contest the material allegations of a petition filed against the Partner in any proceeding of the nature described in clause (b) above, (e) the Partner seeks, consents to or acquiesces in the appointment of a trustee, receiver or liquidator for the Partner or for all or any substantial part of the Partner’s properties, (f) any proceeding seeking liquidation, reorganization or other relief under any bankruptcy, insolvency or other similar law now or hereafter in effect has not been dismissed within one hundred twenty (120) days after the commencement thereof, (g) the appointment without the Partner’s consent or acquiescence of a trustee, receiver or liquidator has not been vacated or stayed within ninety (90) days of such appointment or (h) an appointment referred to in clause (g) is not vacated within ninety (90) days after the expiration of any such stay.

Indemnitee ” means (i) any Person made a party to a proceeding by reason of its status as (A) the General Partner, (B) the General Partner Entity, (C) a Limited Partner, or (D) a trustee, director or officer of the Partnership, the General Partner or the General Partner Entity and (ii) such other Persons (including Affiliates of the General Partner or the General Partner Entity, a Limited Partner or the Partnership) as the General Partner may designate from time to time (whether before or after the event giving rise to potential liability), in its sole and absolute discretion.

Limited Partner ” means any Person named as a Limited Partner in the Partner Registry or any Substituted Limited Partner or Additional Limited Partner, in such Person’s capacity as a Limited Partner in the Partnership.

Limited Partner Interest ” means a Partnership Interest of a Limited Partner in the Partnership representing a fractional part of the Partnership Interests of all Limited Partners and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such a Partnership Interest may be entitled as provided in this Agreement, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement. A Limited Partner Interest may be expressed as a number of Partnership Units.

Liquidating Event ” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.1 .

Liquidator ” has the meaning set forth in Section 13.2.A .

Net Income ” means, for any taxable period, the excess, if any, of the Partnership’s items of income and gain for such taxable period over the Partnership’s items of loss and deduction for such taxable period. The items included in the calculation of Net Income shall be determined in accordance with Exhibit B . If an item of income, gain, loss or deduction that has been included in the initial computation of Net Income is subjected to the special allocation rules in Exhibit C , Net Income or the resulting Net Loss, whichever the case may be, shall be recomputed without regard to such item.

Net Loss ” means, for any taxable period, the excess, if any, of the Partnership’s items of loss and deduction for such taxable period over the Partnership’s items of income and gain for

 

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such taxable period. The items included in the calculation of Net Loss shall be determined in accordance with Exhibit B . If an item of income, gain, loss or deduction that has been included in the initial computation of Net Loss is subjected to the special allocation rules in Exhibit C , Net Loss or the resulting Net Income, whichever the case may be, shall be recomputed without regard to such item.

New Securities ” means (i) any rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities having the right to subscribe for or purchase Shares, excluding grants under any Share Option Plan, or (ii) any Debt issued by the General Partner Entity that provides any of the rights described in clause (i).

Nonrecourse Built-in Gain ” means, with respect to any Contributed Properties or Adjusted Properties that are subject to a mortgage or negative pledge securing a Nonrecourse Liability, the amount of any taxable gain that would be allocated to the Partners pursuant to Section 2.B of Exhibit C if such properties were disposed of in a taxable transaction in full satisfaction of such liabilities and for no other consideration.

Nonrecourse Deductions ” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(1), and the amount of Nonrecourse Deductions for a Fiscal Year shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Regulations Section 1.704-2(c).

Nonrecourse Liability ” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.752-1(a)(2).

Notice of Redemption ” means a Notice of Redemption substantially in the form of Exhibit D .

Operating Entity ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.4.F hereof.

Partner ” means the General Partner or a Limited Partner, and “ Partners ” means the General Partner and the Limited Partners.

Partner Minimum Gain ” means an amount, with respect to each Partner Nonrecourse Debt, equal to the Partnership Minimum Gain that would result if such Partner Nonrecourse Debt were treated as a Nonrecourse Liability, determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(3).

Partner Nonrecourse Debt ” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(4).

Partner Nonrecourse Deductions ” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(i), and the amount of Partner Nonrecourse Deductions with respect to a Partner Nonrecourse Debt for a Fiscal Year shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2).

Partner Registry ” means the Partner Registry maintained by the General Partner in the books and records of the Partnership, which contains substantially the same information as would be necessary to complete the form of the Partner Registry attached hereto as Exhibit A .

 

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Partnership ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereto.

Partnership Interest ” means a Limited Partner Interest or a General Partner Interest and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such a partnership interest may be entitled as provided in this Agreement, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement. A Partnership Interest may be expressed as a number of Partnership Units.

Partnership Minimum Gain ” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(2), and the amount of Partnership Minimum Gain, as well as any net increase or decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain, for a Fiscal Year shall be determined in accordance with the rules of Regulations Section 1.704-2(d).

Partnership Record Date ” means the record date established by the General Partner either (i) for the distribution of Available Cash pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof, which record date shall be the same as the record date established by the General Partner Entity for a distribution to its shareholders of some or all of its portion of such distribution, or (ii) if applicable, for determining the Partners entitled to vote on or Consent to any proposed action for which the Consent or approval of the Partners is sought pursuant to Section 14.2 hereof.

Partnership Unit ” means a fractional, undivided share of the Partnership Interests of all Partners issued pursuant to Sections 4.1 and 4.2 , and includes Class A Units, Class B Units, and any other classes or series of Partnership Units established after the date hereof. The number of Partnership Units outstanding and the Percentage Interests in the Partnership represented by such Partnership Units are set forth in the Partner Registry.

Percentage Interest ” means, as to a Partner holding a class of Partnership Interests, its interest in such class, determined by dividing the Partnership Units of such class owned by such Partner by the total number of Partnership Units of such class then outstanding. For purposes of determining the Percentage Interest of the Class A Units at any time when there are Class B Units outstanding, all Class B Units shall be treated as Class A Units.

Person ” means a natural person, partnership (whether general or limited), trust, estate, association, corporation, limited liability company, unincorporated organization, custodian, nominee or any other individual or entity in its own or any representative capacity.

Predecessor Entity ” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “ Conversion Factor ” herein.

Publicly Traded ” means listed or admitted to trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the American Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Stock Market, or any successor to any of the foregoing.

Qualified Assets ” means any of the following assets: (i) interests, rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities of the Partnership; (ii) Debt issued by the Partnership or any Subsidiary thereof in connection with the incurrence of Funding Debt; (iii) equity interests in Qualified REIT Subsidiaries and limited liability companies (or other

 

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entities disregarded from their sole owner for U.S. federal income tax purposes, including wholly owned grantor trusts) whose assets consist solely of Qualified Assets; (iv) up to a one percent (1%) equity interest in any partnership or limited liability company at least ninety-nine percent (99%) of the equity of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by the Partnership; (v) cash held for payment of administrative expenses or pending distribution to security holders of the General Partner Entity or any wholly owned Subsidiary thereof or pending contribution to the Partnership; and (vi) other tangible and intangible assets that, taken as a whole, are de minimis in relation to the net assets of the Partnership and its Subsidiaries.

Qualified REIT Subsidiaries ” means any Subsidiary of the General Partner Entity that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary” within the meaning of Section 856(i) of the Code.

Recapture Income ” means any gain recognized by the Partnership (computed without regard to any adjustment pursuant to Section 754 of the Code) upon the disposition of any property or asset of the Partnership, which gain is characterized either as ordinary income or as “unrecaptured Section 1250 gain” (as defined in Section 1(h)(6) of the Code) because it represents the recapture of depreciation deductions previously taken with respect to such property or asset.

Recourse Liabilities ” means the amount of liabilities owed by the Partnership (other than Nonrecourse Liabilities and liabilities to which Partner Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with Section 1.704-(2)(i) of the Regulations).

Redeeming Partner ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.6.A .

Redemption Amount ” means either the Cash Amount or the Shares Amount, as determined by the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion; provided , however , that if the Shares are not Publicly Traded at the time a Redeeming Partner exercises its Redemption Right, the Redemption Amount shall be paid only in the form of the Cash Amount unless the Redeeming Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, consents to payment of the Redemption Amount in the form of the Shares Amount. A Redeeming Partner shall have no right, without the General Partner’s consent, in its sole and absolute discretion, to receive the Redemption Amount in the form of the Shares Amount.

Redemption Right ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.6.A .

Regulations ” means the Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Code, as such regulations may be amended from time to time (including corresponding provisions of succeeding regulations).

REIT ” means an entity that qualifies as a real estate investment trust under the Code.

REIT Requirements ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.1.A .

Residual Gain ” or “ Residual Loss ” means any item of gain or loss, as the case may be, of the Partnership recognized for U.S. federal income tax purposes resulting from a sale, exchange or other disposition of Contributed Property or Adjusted Property, to the extent such item of gain or loss is not allocated pursuant to Section 2.B.1(a)  or 2.B.2(a)  of Exhibit C to eliminate Book-Tax Disparities.

 

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Safe Harbor ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.6.F .

Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Section 704(c) Value ” of any Contributed Property means the fair market value of such property at the time of contribution as determined by the General Partner using such reasonable method of valuation as it may adopt; provided , however , subject to Exhibit B , the General Partner shall, in its sole and absolute discretion, use such method as it deems reasonable and appropriate to allocate the aggregate of the Section 704(c) Value of Contributed Properties in a single or integrated transaction among each separate property on a basis proportional to its fair market values.

Share ” means a share of beneficial interest (or other comparable equity interest) of the General Partner Entity. Shares may be issued in one or more classes or series in accordance with the terms of the Declaration of Trust (or, if the General Partner is not the General Partner Entity, the organizational documents of the General Partner Entity). If there is more than one class or series of Shares, the term “ Shares ” shall, as the context requires, be deemed to refer to the class or series of Shares that corresponds to the class or series of Partnership Interests for which the reference to Shares is made. When used with reference to Class A Units, the term “ Shares ” refers to common shares of beneficial interest (or other comparable equity interest) of the General Partner Entity.

Share Option Plan ” means any equity incentive plan of the General Partner, the General Partner Entity, the Partnership and/or any Affiliate of the Partnership.

Shares Amount ” means a number of Shares equal to the product of the number of Partnership Units offered for redemption by a Redeeming Partner times the Conversion Factor; provided , however , that, if the General Partner Entity issues to holders of Shares securities, rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities entitling such holders to subscribe for or purchase Shares or any other securities or property (collectively, the “ rights ”), then the Shares Amount shall also include such rights that a holder of that number of Shares would be entitled to receive unless the Partnership issues corresponding rights to holders of Partnership Units.

Specified Redemption Date ” means the tenth Business Day after the Valuation Date or such shorter period as the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, may determine; provided , however , that, if the Shares are not Publicly Traded, the Specified Redemption Date means the thirtieth Business Day after receipt by the General Partner of a Notice of Redemption.

Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation, limited liability company, trust, partnership or joint venture, or other entity of which a majority of (i) the voting power of the voting equity securities or (ii) the outstanding equity interests is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.

 

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Substituted Limited Partner ” means a Person who is admitted as a Limited Partner to the Partnership pursuant to Section 11.4 and who is shown as a Limited Partner in the Partner Registry.

Successor Entity ” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “ Conversion Factor ” herein.

Termination Transaction ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.2.B .

Unrealized Gain ” attributable to any item of Partnership property means, as of any date of determination, the excess, if any, of (i) the fair market value of such property (as determined under Exhibit B ) as of such date, over (ii) the Carrying Value of such property (prior to any adjustment to be made pursuant to Exhibit B ) as of such date.

Unrealized Loss ” attributable to any item of Partnership property means, as of any date of determination, the excess, if any, of (i) the Carrying Value of such property (prior to any adjustment to be made pursuant to Exhibit B ) as of such date, over (ii) the fair market value of such property (as determined under Exhibit B ) as of such date.

Valuation Date ” means the date of receipt by the General Partner of a Notice of Redemption or, if such date is not a Business Day, the first Business Day thereafter.

Value ” means, with respect to one Share of a class of outstanding Shares of the General Partner Entity that are Publicly Traded, the average of the daily market price for the ten consecutive trading days immediately preceding the date with respect to which value must be determined. The market price for each such trading day shall be the closing price, regular way, on such day, or if no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day. If the outstanding Shares of the General Partner Entity are Publicly Traded and the Shares Amount includes, in addition to the Shares, rights or interests that a holder of Shares has received or would be entitled to receive, then the Value of such rights shall be determined by the General Partner acting in good faith on the basis of such quotations and other information as it considers, in its reasonable judgment, appropriate. If the Shares of the General Partner Entity are not Publicly Traded, the Value of the Shares Amount per Partnership Unit tendered for redemption (which will be the Cash Amount per Partnership Unit offered for redemption payable pursuant to Section 8.6.A ) means the amount that a holder of one Partnership Unit would receive if each of the assets of the Partnership were to be sold for its fair market value on the Specified Redemption Date, the Partnership were to pay all of its outstanding liabilities, and the remaining proceeds were to be distributed to the Partners in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Such Value shall be determined by the General Partner, acting in good faith and based upon a commercially reasonable estimate of the amount that would be realized by the Partnership if each asset of the Partnership (and each asset of each partnership, limited liability company, trust, joint venture or other entity in which the Partnership owns a direct or indirect interest) were sold to an unrelated purchaser in an arms’ length transaction where neither the purchaser nor the seller were under economic compulsion to enter into the transaction (without regard to any discount in value as a result of the Partnership’s minority interest in any property or any illiquidity of the Partnership’s interest in any property).

 

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ARTICLE II

ORGANIZATIONAL MATTERS

Section 2.1 Organization

A. Organization, Status and Rights . The Partnership is a limited partnership organized pursuant to the provisions of the Act and upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. The Partners hereby confirm and agree to their status as partners of the Partnership and to continue the business of the Partnership on the terms set forth in this Agreement. Except as expressly provided herein, the rights and obligations of the Partners and the administration and termination of the Partnership shall be governed by the Act. The Partnership Interest of each Partner shall be personal property for all purposes.

B. Qualification of Partnership . The Partners (i) agree that if the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Partnership transacts business so require, the appropriate officers or other authorized representatives of the Partnership shall file, or shall cause to be filed, with the appropriate office in that jurisdiction, any documents necessary for the Partnership to qualify to transact business under such laws; and (ii) agree and obligate themselves to execute, acknowledge and cause to be filed for record, in the place or places and manner prescribed by law, any amendments to the Certificate of Limited Partnership as may be required, either by the Act, by the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Partnership transacts business, or by this Agreement, to reflect changes in the information contained therein or otherwise to comply with the requirements of law for the continuation, preservation and operation of the Partnership as a limited partnership under the Act.

C. Representations . Each Partner represents and warrants that such Partner is duly authorized to execute, deliver and perform its obligations under this Agreement and that the Person, if any, executing this Agreement on behalf of such Partner is duly authorized to do so and that this Agreement is binding on and enforceable against such Partner in accordance with its terms.

Section 2.2 Name

The name of the Partnership shall be Chesapeake Lodging, L.P. The Partnership’s business may be conducted under any other name or names deemed advisable by the General Partner, including the name of any of the General Partner or any Affiliate thereof. The words “Limited Partnership,” “L.P.,” “Ltd.” or similar words or letters shall be included in the Partnership’s name where necessary for the purposes of complying with the laws of any jurisdiction that so requires. The General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion may change the name of the Partnership at any time and from time to time and shall notify the Limited Partners of such change in the next regular communication to the Limited Partners.

Section 2.3 Registered Office And Agent; Principal Office

The address of the registered office of the Partnership in the State of Delaware shall be located at The Corporation Trust Company and the registered agent for service of process on the Partnership in the State of Delaware at such registered office shall be Corporation Trust Center,

 

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1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801. The principal office of the Partnership shall be [710 Route 46 East, Suite 206, Fairfield, NJ 07004], or such other place as the General Partner may from time to time designate by notice to the Limited Partners. The Partnership may maintain offices at such other place or places within or outside the State of Delaware as the General Partner deems advisable.

Section 2.4 Term

The term of the Partnership commenced on [            ], 2009, and shall continue until dissolved pursuant to the provisions of Article XIII or as otherwise provided by law.

ARTICLE III

PURPOSE

Section 3.1 Purpose And Business

The purpose and nature of the business to be conducted by the Partnership is (i) to conduct any business that may be lawfully conducted by a limited partnership organized pursuant to the Act; (ii) to enter into any corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, limited liability company or other similar arrangement to engage in any of the foregoing or the ownership of interests in any entity engaged, directly or indirectly, in any of the foregoing; and (iii) to do anything necessary or incidental to the foregoing; provided , however , that any business shall be limited to and conducted in such a manner as to permit the General Partner and, if different, the General Partner Entity, at all times to be classified as a REIT, unless the General Partner or General Partner Entity, as applicable, in its sole and absolute discretion has chosen to cease to qualify as a REIT or has chosen not to attempt to qualify as a REIT for any reason or reasons whether or not related to the business conducted by the Partnership. In connection with the foregoing, and without limiting the General Partner or the General Partner Entity’s right, in its sole and absolute discretion, to cease qualifying as a REIT, the Partners acknowledge that the status of the General Partner Entity as a REIT inures to the benefit of all the Partners and not solely to the General Partner, the General Partner Entity or their Affiliates.

Section 3.2 Powers

The Partnership is empowered to do any and all acts and things necessary, appropriate, proper, advisable, incidental to or convenient for the furtherance and accomplishment of the purposes and business described herein and for the protection and benefit of the Partnership, including, without limitation, full power and authority, directly or through its ownership interest in other entities, to enter into, perform and carry out contracts of any kind, borrow money and issue evidences of indebtedness, whether or not secured by mortgage, deed of trust, pledge or other lien, acquire, own, manage, improve and develop real property, and lease, sell, transfer and dispose of real property; provided , however , that the Partnership shall not take, or shall refrain from taking, any action which, in the judgment of the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, (i) could adversely affect the ability of the General Partner Entity to continue to qualify as a REIT, (ii) could subject the General Partner Entity to any taxes under Section 857 or

 

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Section 4981 of the Code, or (iii) could violate any law or regulation of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over either the General Partner or the General Partner Entity or its securities, unless such action (or inaction) shall have been specifically consented to by the General Partner in writing.

ARTICLE IV

CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ISSUANCES OF PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS

Section 4.1 Capital Contributions Of The Partners

A. Capital Contributions . On the Effective Date, certain Partners will make Capital Contributions to the Partnership. On the Effective Date, the General Partner will complete the Partner Registry to reflect the Capital Contributions made by each Partner, the Partnership Units assigned to each Partner and the Percentage Interest in the Partnership represented by such Partnership Units. The number of Partnership Units and Percentage Interest shall be adjusted in the Partner Registry from time to time by the General Partner to the extent necessary to reflect accurately exchanges, redemptions, Capital Contributions, the issuance of additional Partnership Units or similar events having an effect on a Partner’s Percentage Interest occurring after the Effective Date and in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

B. General Partnership Interest . A number of Partnership Units held by the General Partner equal to one percent (1%) of all outstanding Partnership Units shall be deemed to be the General Partner’s Partnership Units and shall be the General Partner Interest of the General Partner. All other Partnership Units held by the General Partner shall be deemed to be Limited Partner Interests and shall be held by the General Partner in its capacity as a Limited Partner in the Partnership.

C. Except as provided in Sections 7.5 , 10.5 , and 13.3 hereof, the Partners shall have no obligation to make any additional Capital Contributions or provide any additional funding to the Partnership (whether in the form of loans, repayments of loans or otherwise). Except as otherwise set forth in Section 13.3 hereof, no Partner shall have any obligation to restore any deficit that may exist in its Capital Account, either upon a liquidation of the Partnership or otherwise.

Section 4.2 Issuances Of Partnership Interests

A. General . The General Partner is hereby authorized to cause the Partnership from time to time to issue to Partners (including the General Partner and its Affiliates) or other Persons (including, without limitation, in connection with the contribution of property to the Partnership or any of its Subsidiaries) Partnership Units or other Partnership Interests in one or more classes, or in one or more series of any of such classes, with such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, powers and duties, including rights, powers and duties senior to one or more other classes of Partnership Interests, all as shall be determined, subject to applicable Delaware law, by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion, including, without limitation, (i) the allocations of items of Partnership income, gain,

 

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loss, deduction and credit to each such class or series of Partnership Interests, (ii) the right of each such class or series of Partnership Interests to share in Partnership distributions, (iii) the rights of each such class or series of Partnership Interests upon dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership, (iv) the rights, if any, of each such class to vote on matters that require the vote or Consent of the Limited Partners, and (v) the consideration, if any, to be received by the Partnership; provided , however , that no such Partnership Units or other Partnership Interests shall be issued to the General Partner unless (a) the Partnership Interests are issued in connection with the grant, award or issuance of Shares or other equity interests in the General Partner Entity (including a transaction described in Section 7.4.F ) having designations, preferences and other rights such that the economic interests attributable to such Shares or other equity interests are substantially similar to the designations, preferences and other rights (except voting rights) of the Partnership Interests issued to the General Partner in accordance with this Section 4.2.A , and the General Partner contributes to the Partnership the proceeds from the issuance of Share or equity received by the General Partner as required pursuant to Section 7.5.D , (b) the General Partner makes an additional Capital Contribution to the Partnership, or (c) the additional Partnership Interests are issued to all Partners holding Partnership Interests in the same class in proportion to their respective Percentage Interests in such class. If the Partnership issues Partnership Interests pursuant to this Section 4.2.A , the General Partner shall make such revisions to this Agreement (including but not limited to the revisions described in Section 5.4 , Section 6.2 and Section 8.6 ) as it deems necessary to reflect the issuance of such Partnership Interests. The designation of any newly issued class or series of Partnership Interests may provide a formula for treating such Partnership Interests solely for purposes of voting on or consenting to any matter that requires the vote or Consent of the Limited Partners as set forth in one or more of Sections 7.1, 7.5.A, 7.11.A, 7.11.B, 11.2.B, 13.1(i), 13.1(vi), 14.1.A, 14.1.C, 14.2.A , and 14.2.B of this Agreement as the equivalent of a specified number (including any fraction thereof) of Class A Units. Nothing in this Agreement shall prohibit the General Partner from issuing Partnership Units for less than fair market value if the General Partner concludes in good faith that such issuance is in the best interests of the Partnership.

B. Classes of Partnership Units . On the Effective Date, the Partnership shall have two classes of Partnership Units entitled “Class A Units” and “Class B Units” and such additional classes of Partnership Units as may be created by the General Partner pursuant to Section 4.2.A . Class A Units, Class B Units, or a class of Partnership Interests created pursuant to Section 4.2.A , at the election of the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, may be issued to newly admitted Partners in exchange for the contribution by such Partners of cash, real estate partnership interests, stock, notes or other assets or consideration; provided , however , that any Partnership Unit that is not specifically designated by the General Partner as being of a particular class shall be deemed to be a Class A Unit. Each Class B Unit shall be converted automatically into a corresponding series of Class A Unit on the day immediately following the Partnership Record Date for the Distribution Period in which such Class B Unit was issued, without the requirement for any action by the General Partner, the Partnership or the Partner holding the Class B Unit.

 

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Section 4.3 No Preemptive Rights

Except to the extent expressly granted by the Partnership pursuant to another agreement, no Person shall have any preemptive, preferential or other similar right with respect to (i) additional Capital Contributions or loans to the Partnership or (ii) issuance or sale of any Partnership Units or other Partnership Interests.

Section 4.4 Other Contribution Provisions

A. General . If any Partner is admitted to the Partnership and is given a Capital Account in exchange for services rendered to the Partnership, such transaction shall be treated by the Partnership and the affected Partner (and set forth in the Partner Registry) as if the Partnership had compensated such Partner in cash, and the Partner had made a Capital Contribution of such cash to the capital of the Partnership.

B. Mergers . To the extent the Partnership acquires any property (or an indirect interest therein) by the merger of any other Person into the Partnership or with or into a Subsidiary of the Partnership, Persons who receive Partnership Interests in exchange for their interest in the Person merging into the Partnership or with or into a Subsidiary of the Partnership shall be deemed to have been admitted as Additional Limited Partners pursuant to Section 12.2 and shall be deemed to have made Capital Contributions as provided in the applicable merger agreement (or if not so provided, as determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion) and as set forth in the Partner Registry.

Section 4.5 No Interest On Capital

No Partner shall be entitled to interest on its Capital Contributions or its Capital Account.

ARTICLE V

DISTRIBUTIONS

Section 5.1 Requirement And Characterization Of Distributions

A. General . The General Partner shall distribute at least quarterly an amount equal to one hundred percent (100%) of the Available Cash of the Partnership with respect to such quarter or shorter period to the Partners in accordance with the terms established for the class or classes of Partnership Interests held by such Partners who are Partners on the respective Partnership Record Date with respect to such quarter or shorter period as provided in Sections 5.1.B, 5.1.C and 5.1.D and in accordance with the respective terms established for each class of Partnership Interest. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, in no event may a Partner receive a distribution of Available Cash with respect to a Partnership Unit for a quarter or shorter period if such Partner is entitled to receive a distribution with respect to a Share for which such Partnership Unit has been redeemed or exchanged. Unless otherwise expressly provided for herein, or in the terms established for a new class or series of Partnership Interests created in accordance with Article IV hereof, no Partnership Interest shall be entitled to a

 

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distribution in preference to any other Partnership Interest. The General Partner shall make such reasonable efforts, as determined by it in its sole and absolute discretion and consistent with the qualification of the General Partner Entity as a REIT, to distribute Available Cash (a) to Limited Partners so as to preclude any such distribution or portion thereof from being treated as part of a sale of property to the Partnership by a Limited Partner under Section 707 of the Code or the Regulations thereunder; provided , however , that none of the General Partner, the General Partner Entity, and the Partnership shall have liability to a Limited Partner under any circumstances as a result of any distribution to a Limited Partner being so treated, and (b) to the General Partner in an amount sufficient to enable the General Partner Entity to make distributions to its shareholders that will enable the General Partner Entity to (1) satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT under the Code and the Regulations (the “ REIT Requirements ”), and (2) avoid any federal income or excise tax liability.

B. Method . (i) Each holder of Partnership Interests that is entitled to any preference in distribution shall be entitled to a distribution in accordance with the rights of any such class of Partnership Interests (and, within such class, pro rata in proportion to the respective Percentage Interests on such Partnership Record Date); and

(ii) To the extent there is Available Cash remaining after the payment of any preference in distribution in accordance with the foregoing clause (i), with respect to Partnership Interests that are not entitled to any preference in distribution, such Available Cash shall be distributed pro rata to each such class in accordance with the terms of such class (and, within each such class, pro rata in proportion to the respective Percentage Interests on such Partnership Record Date).

C. Distributions When Class B Units Are Outstanding . If for any quarter or shorter period with respect to which a distribution is to be made (a “ Distribution Period ”) Class B Units are outstanding on the Partnership Record Date for such Distribution Period, the General Partner shall allocate the Available Cash with respect to such Distribution Period available for distribution with respect to the Class A Units and Class B Units collectively between the Partners who are holders of Class A Units (“ Class A ”) and the Partners who are holders of Class B Units (“ Class B ”) as follows:

 

  (1) Class A shall receive that portion of the Available Cash (the “ Class A Share ”) determined by multiplying the amount of Available Cash by the following fraction:

LOGO

 

  (2) Class B shall receive that portion of the Available Cash (the “ Class B Share ”) determined by multiplying the amount of Available Cash by the following fraction:

LOGO

 

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  (3) For purposes of the foregoing formulas, (i) “A” equals the number of Class A Units outstanding on the Partnership Record Date for such Distribution Period; (ii) “B” equals the number of Class B Units outstanding on the Partnership Record Date for such Distribution Period; (iii) “Y” equals the number of days in the Distribution Period; and (iv) “X” equals the number of days in the Distribution Period for which the Class B Units were issued and outstanding.

The Class A Share shall be distributed pro rata among Partners holding Class A Units on the Partnership Record Date for the Distribution Period in accordance with the number of Class A Units held by each Partner on such Partnership Record Date; provided , however , that in no event may a Partner receive a distribution of Available Cash with respect to a Class A Unit if a Partner is entitled to receive a distribution with respect to a Share for which such Class A Unit has been redeemed or exchanged. If Class B Shares were issued on the same date, the Class B Share shall be distributed pro rata among the Partners holding Class B Units on the Partnership Record Date for the Distribution Period in accordance with the number of Class B Units held by each Partner on such Partnership Record Date. In no event shall any Class B Units be entitled to receive any distribution of Available Cash for any Distribution Period ending prior to the date on which such Class B Units are issued.

D. Distributions When Class B Units Have Been Issued on Different Dates . If Class B Units which have been issued on different dates are outstanding on the Partnership Record Date for any Distribution Period, then the Class B Units issued on each particular date shall be treated as a separate series of Partnership Units for purposes of making the allocation of Available Cash for such Distribution Period among the holders of Partnership Units (and the formula for making such allocation, and the definitions of variables used therein, shall be modified accordingly). Thus, for example, if two series of Class B Units are outstanding on the Partnership Record Date for any Distribution Period, the allocation formula for each series, “ Series B1 ” and “ Series B2 ” would be as follows:

 

  (1) Series B1 shall receive that portion of the Available Cash determined by multiplying the amount of Available Cash by the following fraction:

LOGO

 

  (2) Series B2 shall receive that portion of the Available Cash determined by multiplying the amount of Available Cash by the following fraction:

LOGO

 

  (3)

For purposes of the foregoing formulas the definitions set forth in Section 5.1.C(3)  remain the same except that (i) “B1” equals the number of Partnership Units in Series B1 outstanding on the Partnership Record Date for such Distribution Period; (ii) “B2” equals the number of Partnership Units in Series B2 outstanding on the Partnership Record Date for such Distribution

 

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Period; (iii) ”X1” equals the number of days in the Distribution Period for which the Partnership Units in Series B1 were issued and outstanding; and (iv) “X2” equals the number of days in the Distribution Period for which the Partnership Units in Series B2 were issued and outstanding.

Section 5.2 Amounts Withheld

All amounts withheld pursuant to the Code or any provisions of any state or local tax law and Section 10.5 with respect to any allocation, payment or distribution to the General Partner, the Limited Partners or Assignees shall be treated as amounts distributed to the General Partner, Limited Partners or Assignees, as the case may be, pursuant to Section 5.1 for all purposes under this Agreement.

Section 5.3 Distributions Upon Liquidation

Proceeds from a Liquidating Event shall be distributed to the Partners in accordance with Section 13.2 .

Section 5.4 Revisions To Reflect Issuance Of Partnership Interests

If the Partnership issues Partnership Interests to the General Partner or any Additional Limited Partner pursuant to Article IV hereof, the General Partner shall make such revisions to this Article V and the Partner Registry in the books and records of the Partnership as it deems necessary to reflect the issuance of such additional Partnership Interests without the consent or approval of any other Partner.

ARTICLE VI

ALLOCATIONS

Section 6.1 Allocations For Capital Account Purposes

For purposes of maintaining the Capital Accounts and in determining the rights of the Partners among themselves, the Partnership’s items of income, gain, loss and deduction (computed in accordance with Exhibit B ) shall be allocated among the Partners in each taxable year (or portion thereof) as provided herein below.

A. Net Income . After giving effect to the special allocations set forth in Section 1 of Exhibit C of the Partnership Agreement, Net Income shall be allocated:

 

  (1) first, to the General Partner to the extent that Net Losses previously allocated to the General Partner pursuant to Section 6.1.B(4) , on a cumulative basis, exceed Net Income previously allocated to the General Partner pursuant to this clause (1), on a cumulative basis;

 

  (2)

second, to each DRO Partner until the cumulative Net Income allocated such DRO Partner under this clause (2) equals the cumulative Net Losses allocated

 

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such DRO Partner under Section 6.1.B(5)  (and among the DRO Partners, pro rata in proportion to their respective percentages of the cumulative Net Losses allocated to all DRO Partners pursuant to Section 6.1.B(5)  hereof);

 

  (3) third, to the General Partner until the cumulative Net Income allocated under this clause (3) equals the cumulative Net Losses allocated the General Partner under Section 6.1.B(4) ;

 

  (4) fourth, to the holders of any Partnership Interests that are entitled to any preference upon liquidation until the cumulative Net Income allocated under this clause (4) equals the cumulative Net Losses allocated to such Partners under Section 6.1.B(3) ;

 

  (5) fifth, to the holders of any Partnership Interests that are entitled to any preference in distribution in accordance with the rights of any other class of Partnership Interests until each such Partnership Interest has been allocated, on a cumulative basis pursuant to this clause (4), Net Income equal to the amount of distributions payable that are attributable to the preference of such class of Partnership Interests whether or not paid (and, within such class, pro rata in proportion to the respective Percentage Interests as of the last day of the period for which such allocation is being made); and

 

  (6) finally, with respect to Partnership Interests that are not entitled to any preference in distribution or with respect to which distributions are not limited to any preference in distribution, pro rata to each such class in accordance with the terms of such class (and, within such class, pro rata in proportion to the respective Percentage Interests as of the last day of the period for which such allocation is being made).

B. Net Losses . After giving effect to the special allocations set forth in Section 1 of Exhibit C , Net Losses shall be allocated:

 

  (1) first, to the holders of Partnership Interests, in proportion to, and to the extent that, their share of the Net Income previously allocated pursuant to Section 6.1.A(6)  exceeds, on a cumulative basis, the sum of (a) distributions with respect to such Partnership Interests pursuant to clause (ii) of Section 5.1.B and (b) Net Losses allocated under this clause (1);

 

  (2)

second, with respect to classes of Partnership Interests that are not entitled to any preference in distribution upon liquidation, pro rata to each such class in accordance with the terms of such class (and, within such class, pro rata in proportion to the respective Percentage Interests as of the last day of the period for which such allocation is being made); provided , however , that Net Losses shall not be allocated to any Partner pursuant to this Section 6.1.B(2)  to the extent that such allocation would cause such Partner to have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit (or increase any existing Adjusted Capital Account Deficit) (determined in each case (i) by not including in the Partners’ Adjusted

 

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Capital Accounts any amount that a Partner is obligated to contribute to the Partnership with respect to any deficit in its Capital Account pursuant to Section 13.3 and (ii) in the case of a Partner who also holds classes of Partnership Interests that are entitled to any preferences in distribution upon liquidation, by subtracting from such Partners’ Adjusted Capital Account the amount of such preferred distribution to be made upon liquidation) at the end of such taxable year (or portion thereof);

 

  (3) third, with respect to classes of Partnership Interests that are entitled to any preference in distribution upon liquidation, in reverse order of the priorities of each such class (and within each such class, pro rata in proportion to their respective Percentage Interests as of the last day of the period for which such allocation is being made); provided , however , that Net Losses shall not be allocated to any Partner pursuant to this Section 6.1.B(3)  to the extent that such allocation would cause such Partner to have an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit (or increase any existing Adjusted Capital Account Deficit) (determined in each case by not including in the Partners’ Adjusted Capital Accounts any amount that a Partner is obligated to contribute to the Partnership with respect to any deficit in its Capital Account pursuant to Section 13.3 ) at the end of such taxable year (or portion thereof);

 

  (4) fourth, to the General Partner in an amount equal to the excess of (a) the amount of the Partnership’s Recourse Liabilities over (b) the Aggregate DRO Amount;

 

  (5) fifth, to and among the DRO Partners, in proportion to their respective DRO Amounts, until such time as the DRO Partners as a group have been allocated cumulative Net Losses pursuant to this clause (5) equal to the Aggregate DRO Amount; and

 

  (6) thereafter, to the General Partner.

C. Allocation of Nonrecourse Debt . For purposes of Regulation Section 1.752-3(a), the Partners agree that Nonrecourse Liabilities of the Partnership in excess of the sum of (i) the amount of Partnership Minimum Gain and (ii) the total amount of Nonrecourse Built-in Gain shall be allocated by the General Partner by taking into account facts and circumstances relating to each Partner’s respective interest in the profits of the Partnership. For this purpose, the General Partner shall have the sole and absolute discretion in any Fiscal Year to allocate such excess Nonrecourse Liabilities among the Partners in any manner permitted under Code Section 752 and the Regulations thereunder. 

D. Recapture Income . Any gain allocated to the Partners upon the sale or other taxable disposition of any Partnership asset shall, to the extent possible after taking into account other required allocations of gain pursuant to Exhibit C , be characterized as Recapture Income in the same proportions and to the same extent as such Partners have been allocated any deductions directly or indirectly giving rise to the treatment of such gains as Recapture Income.

 

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Section 6.2 Revisions To Allocations To Reflect Issuance Of Partnership Interests

If the Partnership issues Partnership Interests to the General Partner or any Additional Limited Partner pursuant to Article IV hereof, the General Partner shall make such revisions to this Article VI and the Partner Registry in the books and records of the Partnership as it deems necessary to reflect the terms of the issuance of such Partnership Interests, including making preferential allocations to classes of Partnership Interests that are entitled thereto. Such revisions shall not require the consent or approval of any other Partner.

ARTICLE VII

MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS OF BUSINESS

Section 7.1 Management

A. Powers of General Partner . Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, all management powers over the business and affairs of the Partnership are and shall be exclusively vested in the General Partner, and no Limited Partner shall have any right to participate in or exercise control or management power over the business and affairs of the Partnership. The General Partner may not be removed by the Limited Partners with or without cause ( unless the Shares of the General Partner Entity corresponding to Partnership Units are not Publicly Traded, in which case the General Partner may be removed with or without cause by the Consent of the Partners holding Partnership Interests representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the Percentage Interest of the Class A Units). In addition to the powers now or hereafter granted a general partner of a limited partnership under applicable law or which are granted to the General Partner under any other provision of this Agreement, the General Partner, subject to Section 7.11 , shall have full power and authority to do all things deemed necessary or desirable by it to conduct the business of the Partnership, to exercise all powers set forth in Section 3.2 and to effectuate the purposes set forth in Section 3.1 , including, without limitation:

 

  (1) the making of any expenditures, the lending or borrowing of money (including, without limitation, making prepayments on loans and borrowing money to permit the Partnership to make distributions to its Partners in such amounts as are required under Section 5.1.A or will permit the General Partner Entity (so long as the General Partner Entity qualifies as a REIT) to avoid the payment of any U.S. federal income tax (including, for this purpose, any excise tax pursuant to Section 4981 of the Code) and to make distributions to its shareholders sufficient to permit the General Partner Entity to maintain its REIT status), the assumption or guarantee of, or other contracting for, indebtedness and other liabilities including, without limitation, the assumption or guarantee of the debt of the General Partner, its Subsidiaries or the Partnership’s Subsidiaries, the issuance of evidences of indebtedness (including the securing of same by mortgage, deed of trust or other lien or encumbrance on the Partnership’s assets) and the incurring of any obligations the General Partner deems necessary for the conduct of the activities of the Partnership;

 

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  (2) the making of tax, regulatory and other filings, or rendering of periodic or other reports to governmental or other agencies having jurisdiction over the business or assets of the Partnership;

 

  (3) the acquisition, disposition, mortgage, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation or exchange of any or all of the assets of the Partnership (including acquisition of any new assets, the exercise or grant of any conversion, option, privilege or subscription right or other right available in connection with any assets at any time held by the Partnership) or the merger or other combination of the Partnership or any Subsidiary of the Partnership with or into another entity on such terms as the General Partner deems proper;

 

  (4) the use of the assets of the Partnership (including, without limitation, cash on hand) for any purpose consistent with the terms of this Agreement and on any terms it sees fit, including, without limitation, the financing of the conduct of the operations of the General Partner, the Partnership or any of the Partnership’s Subsidiaries, the lending of funds to other Persons (including, without limitation, the General Partner and its Subsidiaries and the Partnership’s Subsidiaries) and the repayment of obligations of the Partnership and its Subsidiaries and any other Person in which the Partnership has an equity investment and the making of capital contributions to its Subsidiaries;

 

  (5) the management, operation, leasing, landscaping, repair, alteration, demolition or improvement of any real property or improvements owned by the Partnership or any Subsidiary of the Partnership or any Person in which the Partnership has made a direct or indirect equity investment;

 

  (6) the negotiation, execution, and performance of any contracts, conveyances or other instruments that the General Partner considers useful or necessary to the conduct of the Partnership’s operations or the implementation of the General Partner’s powers under this Agreement, including contracting with contractors, developers, consultants, accountants, legal counsel, other professional advisors and other agents and the payment of their expenses and compensation out of the Partnership’s assets;

 

  (7) the mortgage, pledge, encumbrance or hypothecation of any assets of the Partnership;

 

  (8) the distribution of Partnership cash or other Partnership assets in accordance with this Agreement;

 

  (9) the holding, managing, investing and reinvesting of cash and other assets of the Partnership;

 

  (10) the collection and receipt of revenues and income of the Partnership;

 

25


  (11) the selection, designation of powers, authority and duties and the dismissal of employees of the Partnership (including, without limitation, employees having titles such as “president,” “vice president,” “secretary” and “treasurer”) and agents, outside attorneys, accountants, consultants and contractors of the Partnership and the determination of their compensation and other terms of employment or hiring;

 

  (12) the maintenance of such insurance for the benefit of the Partnership and the Partners as it deems necessary or appropriate;

 

  (13) the formation of, or acquisition of an interest (including non-voting interests in entities controlled by Affiliates of the Partnership or third parties) in, and the contribution of property to, any further limited or general partnerships, joint ventures, limited liability companies or other relationships that it deems desirable (including, without limitation, the acquisition of interests in, and the contributions of funds or property to, or making of loans to, its Subsidiaries and any other Person in which it has an equity investment from time to time, or the incurrence of indebtedness on behalf of such Persons or the guarantee of the obligations of such Persons); provided , however , that as long as the General Partner Entity has determined to continue to qualify as a REIT, the Partnership may not engage in any such formation, acquisition or contribution that would cause the General Partner Entity to fail to qualify as a REIT;

 

  (14) the control of any matters affecting the rights and obligations of the Partnership, including the settlement, compromise, submission to arbitration or any other form of dispute resolution or abandonment of any claim, cause of action, liability, debt or damages due or owing to or from the Partnership, the commencement or defense of suits, legal proceedings, administrative proceedings, arbitrations or other forms of dispute resolution, the representation of the Partnership in all suits or legal proceedings, administrative proceedings, arbitrations or other forms of dispute resolution, the incurring of legal expense and the indemnification of any Person against liabilities and contingencies to the extent permitted by law;

 

  (15) the determination of the fair market value of any Partnership property distributed in kind, using such reasonable method of valuation as the General Partner may adopt;

 

  (16) the exercise, directly or indirectly, through any attorney-in-fact acting under a general or limited power of attorney, of any right, including the right to vote, appurtenant to any assets or investment held by the Partnership;

 

  (17) the exercise of any of the powers of the General Partner enumerated in this Agreement on behalf of or in connection with any Subsidiary of the Partnership or any other Person in which the Partnership has a direct or indirect interest, individually or jointly with any such Subsidiary or other Person;

 

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  (18) the exercise of any of the powers of the General Partner enumerated in this Agreement on behalf of any Person in which the Partnership does not have any interest pursuant to contractual or other arrangements with such Person;

 

  (19) the making, executing and delivering of any and all deeds, leases, notes, deeds to secure debt, mortgages, deeds of trust, security agreements, conveyances, contracts, guarantees, warranties, indemnities, waivers, releases or other legal instruments or agreements in writing necessary or appropriate in the judgment of the General Partner for the accomplishment of any of the powers of the General Partner enumerated in this Agreement;

 

  (20) the distribution of cash to acquire Partnership Units held by a Limited Partner in connection with a Limited Partner’s exercise of its Redemption Right under Section 8.6 ;

 

  (21) the determination regarding whether a payment to a Partner who exercises its Redemption Right under Section 8.6 that is assumed by the General Partner Entity will be paid in the form of the Cash Amount or the Shares Amount, except as such determination may be limited by Section 8.6 .

 

  (22) the acquisition of Partnership Interests in exchange for cash, debt instruments and other property;

 

  (23) the maintenance of the Partner Registry in the books and records of the Partnership to reflect the Capital Contributions and Percentage Interests of the Partners as the same are adjusted from time to time to the extent necessary to reflect redemptions, Capital Contributions, the issuance of Partnership Units, the admission of any Additional Limited Partner or any Substituted Limited Partner or otherwise; and

 

  (24) the registration of any class of securities of the Partnership under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the listing of any debt securities of the Partnership on any exchange.

B. No Approval by Limited Partners . Except as provided in Section 7.11 , each of the Limited Partners agrees that the General Partner is authorized to execute, deliver and perform the above-mentioned agreements and transactions on behalf of the Partnership without any further act, approval or vote of the Partners, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the Act or any applicable law, rule or regulation, to the full extent permitted under the Act or other applicable law. The execution, delivery or performance by the General Partner or the Partnership of any agreement authorized or permitted under this Agreement shall be in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner without consideration of any other obligation or duty, fiduciary or otherwise, of the Partnership or the Limited Partners and shall not constitute a breach by the General Partner of any duty that the General Partner may owe the Partnership or the Limited Partners or any other Persons under this Agreement or of any duty stated or implied by law or equity. The Limited Partners acknowledge that the General Partner is acting for the benefit of the Partnership, the Limited Partners and the shareholders of the General Partner.

 

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C. Insurance . At all times from and after the date hereof, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to obtain and maintain (i) casualty, liability and other insurance on the properties of the Partnership and its Subsidiaries and (ii) liability insurance for the Indemnitees hereunder, and (iii) such other insurance as the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, determines to be necessary.

D. Working Capital and Other Reserves . At all times from and after the date hereof, the General Partner may cause the Partnership to establish and maintain working capital reserves in such amounts as the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, deems appropriate and reasonable from time to time, including upon liquidation of the Partnership under Article 13 .

E. No Obligations to Consider Tax Consequences of Limited Partners . In exercising their authority under this Agreement, the General Partner (which for the purposes of this Section 7.1.E shall include, the board of trustees of the General Partner) may, but shall be under no obligation to, take into account the tax consequences to any Partner (including the General Partner) of any action taken (or not taken) by the General Partner. The General Partner and the Partnership shall not have liability to a Limited Partner for monetary or other damages or otherwise for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by such Limited Partner in connection with any decisions. Any decisions or actions taken or not taken by the General Partner in accordance with the terms of this Agreement shall not constitute a breach of any duty owed to the Partnership or the Limited Partners by law or equity, fiduciary or otherwise.

Section 7.2 Certificate of Limited Partnership

The General Partner has previously filed the Certificate of Limited Partnership with the Secretary of State of Delaware. To the extent that such action is determined by the General Partner to be reasonable and necessary or appropriate, the General Partner shall file amendments to and restatements of the Certificate of Limited Partnership and do all the things to maintain the Partnership as a limited partnership (or a partnership in which the limited partners have limited liability) under the laws of the State of Delaware and each other state, the District of Columbia or other jurisdiction in which the Partnership may elect to do business or own property. Subject to the terms of Section 8.5.A(4) , the General Partner shall not be required, before or after filing, to deliver or mail a copy of the Certificate of Limited Partnership or any amendment thereto to any Limited Partner. The General Partner shall use all reasonable efforts to cause to be filed such other certificates or documents as may be reasonable and necessary or appropriate for the formation, continuation, qualification and operation of a limited partnership (or a partnership in which the limited partners have limited liability) in the State of Delaware and any other state, the District of Columbia or other jurisdiction in which the Partnership may elect to do business or own property.

Section 7.3 Title to Partnership Assets

Title to Partnership assets, whether real, personal or mixed and whether tangible or intangible, shall be deemed to be owned by the Partnership as an entity, and no Partners, individually or collectively, shall have any ownership interest in such Partnership assets or any portion thereof. Title to any or all of the Partnership assets may be held in the name of the Partnership, the General Partner or one or more nominees, as the General Partner may determine,

 

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in its sole an absolute discretion, including Affiliates of the General Partner. The General Partner hereby declares and warrants that any Partnership assets for which legal title is held in the name of the General Partner or any nominee or Affiliate of the General Partner shall be held by the General Partner for the use and benefit of the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement. All Partnership assets shall be recorded as the property of the Partnership in its books and records, irrespective of the name in which legal title to such Partnership assets is held.

Section 7.4 Reimbursement of the General Partner

A. No Compensation . Except as provided in this Section 7.4 and elsewhere in this Agreement (including the provisions of Articles V and VI regarding distributions, payments and allocations to which it may be entitled), the General Partner shall not receive payments from the Partnership or otherwise be compensated for its services as the general partner of the Partnership.

B. Responsibility for Partnership and General Partner and General Partner Entity Expenses . The Partnership shall be responsible for and shall pay all expenses relating to the Partnership’s organization, the ownership of its assets and its operations. The Partnership shall also be responsible for the administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner, including, but not limited to, all expenses relating to the General Partner’s (i) continued existence and subsidiary operations, (ii) offerings and registration of securities, (iii) preparation and filing of any periodic or other reports and communications required under federal, state or local laws and regulations, (iv) compliance with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body, and (v) operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary course of business on behalf of the Partnership; provided , however such costs and expenses shall not include any administrative or operating costs of the General Partner attributable to assets owned by the General Partner directly and not through the Partnership or its subsidiaries. The General Partner, at its sole and absolute discretion, shall be reimbursed on a monthly basis, or such other basis as the General Partner may determine in its sole and absolute discretion, for all expenses it incurs relating to or resulting from the ownership and operation of, or for the benefit of, the Partnership (including, without limitation, expenses related to the operations of the General Partner and the General Partner Entity and to the management and administration of any Subsidiaries of the General Partner, the General Partner Entity or the Partnership or Affiliates of the Partnership, such as auditing expenses and filing fees); provided , however , that (i) the amount of any such reimbursement shall be reduced by (x) any interest earned by the General Partner with respect to bank accounts or other instruments or accounts held by it on behalf of the Partnership as permitted in Section 7.5.A (which interest is considered to belong to the Partnership and shall be paid over to the Partnership to the extent not applied to reimburse the General Partner for expenses hereunder); and (y) any amount derived by the General Partner from any investments permitted in Section 7.5.A ; (ii) the Partnership shall not be responsible for any taxes that the General Partner or General Partner Entity would not have been required to pay if that entity qualified as a REIT for federal income tax purposes or any taxes imposed on the General Partner or General Partner Entity by reason of that entity’s failure to distribute to its shareholders an amount equal to its taxable income; (iii) the Partnership shall not be responsible for expenses or liabilities incurred by the General Partner in connection with any business or assets of the General Partner other than its ownership of Partnership Interests or

 

29


operation of the business of the Partnership or ownership of interests in Qualified Assets to the extent permitted in Section 7.5.A ; and (iv) the Partnership shall not be responsible for any expenses or liabilities of the General Partner that are excluded from the scope of the indemnification provisions of Section 7.7.A by reason of the provisions of clause (i), (ii) or (iii) thereof. The General Partner shall determine in good faith the amount of expenses incurred by it or the General Partner Entity related to the ownership of Partnership Interests or operation of, or for the benefit of, the Partnership. If certain expenses are incurred that are related both to the ownership of Partnership Interests or operation of, or for the benefit of, the Partnership and to the ownership of other assets (other than Qualified Assets as permitted under Section 7.5.A ) or the operation of other businesses, such expenses will be allocated to the Partnership and such other entities (including the General Partner and General Partner Entity) owning such other assets or businesses in such a manner as the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion deems fair and reasonable. Such reimbursements shall be in addition to any reimbursement to the General Partner and the General Partner Entity pursuant to Section 10.3.C and as a result of indemnification pursuant to Section 7.7 . All payments and reimbursements hereunder shall be characterized for U.S. federal income tax purposes as expenses of the Partnership incurred on its behalf, and not as expenses of the General Partner or General Partner Entity.

C. Partnership Interest Issuance Expenses . The General Partner shall also be reimbursed for all expenses it incurs relating to any issuance of Partnership Interests, Shares, Debt of the Partnership, Funding Debt of the General Partner or the General Partner Entity or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities pursuant to Article IV (including, without limitation, all costs, expenses, damages and other payments resulting from or arising in connection with litigation related to any of the foregoing), all of which expenses are considered by the Partners to constitute expenses of, and for the benefit of, the Partnership.

D. Purchases of Shares by the General Partner Entity . If the General Partner Entity exercises its rights under the Declaration of Trust (or, if the General Partner is not the General Partner Entity, the organizational documents of the General Partner Entity) to purchase Shares or otherwise elects or is required to purchase from its shareholders Shares in connection with a share repurchase or similar program or otherwise, or for the purpose of delivering such Shares to satisfy an obligation under any dividend reinvestment or equity purchase program adopted by the General Partner Entity, any employee equity purchase plan adopted by the General Partner Entity or any similar obligation or arrangement undertaken by the General Partner Entity in the future, the purchase price paid by the General Partner Entity for those Shares and any other expenses incurred by the General Partner Entity in connection with such purchase shall be considered expenses of the Partnership and shall be reimbursable to the General Partner Entity, subject to the conditions that: (i) if those Shares subsequently are to be sold by the General Partner Entity, the General Partner Entity shall pay to the Partnership any proceeds received by the General Partner Entity for those Shares ( provided , however , that a transfer of Shares for Partnership Units pursuant to Section 8.6 would not be considered a sale for such purposes); and (ii) if such Shares are required to be cancelled pursuant to applicable law or are not retransferred by the General Partner Entity within thirty (30) days after the purchase thereof, the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to cancel a number of Partnership Units (rounded to the nearest whole Partnership Unit) held by the General Partner equal to the product attained by multiplying the number of those Shares by a fraction, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is the Conversion Factor.

 

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E. Reimbursement not a Distribution . Except as set forth in the succeeding sentence, if and to the extent any reimbursement made pursuant to this Section 7.4 is determined for U.S. federal income tax purposes not to constitute a payment of expenses of the Partnership, the amount so determined shall constitute a guaranteed payment with respect to capital within the meaning of Section 707(c) of the Code, shall be treated consistently therewith by the Partnership and all Partners and shall not be treated as a distribution for purposes of computing the Partners’ Capital Accounts. Amounts deemed paid by the Partnership to the General Partner in connection with redemption of Partnership Units pursuant to clause (ii) of subparagraph (D) above shall be treated as a distribution for purposes of computing the Partner’s Capital Accounts.

F. Funding for Certain Capital Transactions . In the event that the General Partner Entity shall undertake to acquire (whether by merger, consolidation, purchase, or otherwise) the assets or equity interests of another Person and such acquisition shall require the payment of cash by the General Partner Entity (whether to such Person or to any other selling party or parties in such transaction or to one or more creditors, if any, of such Person or such selling party or parties), (i) the Partnership shall advance to the General Partner Entity the cash required to consummate such acquisition if, and to the extent that, such cash is not to be obtained by the General Partner Entity through an issuance of Shares described in Section 4.2 or pursuant to a transaction described in Section 7.5.B , (ii) the General Partner Entity shall, upon consummation of such acquisition, transfer to the Partnership (or cause to be transferred to the Partnership), in full and complete satisfaction of such advance and as required by Section 7.5 , the assets or equity interests of such Person acquired by the General Partner Entity in such acquisition (or equity interests in Persons owning all of such assets or equity interests), and (iii) pursuant to and in accordance with Section 4.2 and Section 7.5.B , the Partnership shall issue to the General Partner, Partnership Interests and/or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities of the Partnership having designations, preferences and other rights that are substantially the same as those of any additional Shares, other equity securities, New Securities and/or Convertible Funding Debt, as the case may be, issued by the General Partner Entity in connection with such acquisition (whether issued directly to participants in the acquisition transaction or to third parties in order to obtain cash to complete the acquisition). In addition to, and without limiting, the foregoing, in the event that the General Partner Entity engages in a transaction in which (x) the General Partner Entity (or a wholly owned direct or indirect Subsidiary of the General Partner Entity) merges with another entity (referred to as the “ Parent Entity ”) that is organized in the “UPREIT format” (i.e., where the Parent Entity holds substantially all of its assets and conducts substantially all of its operations through a partnership, limited liability company or other entity (referred to as an “ Operating Entity ”)) and the General Partner Entity survives such merger, (y) such Operating Entity merges with or is otherwise acquired by the Partnership in exchange in whole or in part for Partnership Interests, and (z) the General Partner Entity is required or elects to pay part of the consideration in connection with such merger involving the Parent Entity in the form of cash and part of the consideration in the form of Shares, the Partnership shall distribute to the General Partner with respect to its existing Partnership Interest an amount of cash sufficient to complete such transaction and the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to cancel a number of Partnership Units (rounded to the nearest whole number) held

 

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by the General Partner equal to the product attained by multiplying the number of additional Shares of the General Partner Entity that the General Partner Entity would have issued to the Parent Entity or the owners of the Parent Entity in such transaction if the entire consideration therefor were to have been paid in Shares by a fraction, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is the Conversion Factor.

Section 7.5 Outside Activities of the General Partner; Relationship of Shares to Partnership Units; Funding Debt

A. General . Without the Consent of the Outside Limited Partners, the General Partner shall not, directly or indirectly, enter into or conduct any business other than in connection with the ownership, acquisition and disposition of Partnership Interests as General Partner or Limited Partner and the management of the business of the Partnership and such activities as are incidental thereto. Without the Consent of the Outside Limited Partners, the assets of the General Partner shall be limited to Partnership Interests and permitted debt obligations of the Partnership (as contemplated by Section 7.5.F ); provided , however , that the General Partner shall be permitted to hold such bank accounts or similar instruments or accounts in its name as it deems necessary to carry out its responsibilities and purposes as contemplated under this Agreement and its organizational documents (provided that accounts held on behalf of the Partnership to permit the General Partner to carry out its responsibilities under this Agreement shall be considered to belong to the Partnership and the interest earned thereon shall, subject to Section 7.4.B , be applied for the benefit of the Partnership); and, provided further that, the General Partner shall be permitted to acquire Qualified Assets.

B. Repurchase of Shares and Other Securities . If the General Partner Entity exercises its rights under the Declaration of Trust (or, if the General Partner is not the General Partner Entity, the organizational documents of the General Partner Entity) to purchase Shares or otherwise elects to purchase from the holders thereof Shares, other equity securities of the General Partner Entity, New Securities or Convertible Funding Debt, then the General Partner Entity shall cause the Partnership to purchase from the General Partner (i) in the case of a purchase of Shares, that number of Partnership Units of the appropriate class equal to the product obtained by multiplying the number of Shares purchased by the General Partner Entity times a fraction, the numerator of which is one and the denominator of which is the Conversion Factor, or (ii) in the case of the purchase of any other securities on the same terms and for the same aggregate price that the General Partner Entity purchased such securities.

C. Forfeiture of Shares . If the Partnership or the General Partner Entity acquires Shares as a result of the forfeiture of such Shares under a restricted or similar share, share bonus or similar share plan, then the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to cancel, without payment of any consideration to the General Partner, that number of Partnership Units of the appropriate class equal to the number of Shares so acquired, and, if the Partnership acquired such Shares, it shall transfer such Shares to the General Partner for cancellation.

D. Issuances of Shares and Other Securities . The General Partner Entity shall not grant, award or issue any additional Shares (other than Shares issued pursuant to Section 8.6 hereof or pursuant to a dividend or distribution (including any share split) of Shares to all of its

 

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shareholders that results in an adjustment to the Conversion Factor pursuant to clause (i), (ii) or (iii) of the definition thereof), other equity securities of the General Partner Entity, New Securities or Convertible Funding Debt unless (i) the General Partner shall cause, pursuant to Section 4.2.A hereof, the Partnership to issue to the General Partner, Partnership Interests or rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities of the Partnership having designations, preferences and other rights, all such that the economic interests are substantially the same as those of such additional Shares, other equity securities, New Securities or Convertible Funding Debt, as the case may be, and (ii) in exchange therefor, the General Partner Entity transfers or otherwise causes to be transferred to the Partnership, as an additional Capital Contribution, the proceeds from the grant, award, or issuance of such additional Shares, other equity securities, New Securities or Convertible Funding Debt, as the case may be, or from the exercise of rights contained in such additional Shares, other equity securities, New Securities or Convertible Funding Debt, as the case may be (or, in the case of an acquisition described in Section 7.4.F in which all or a portion of the cash required to consummate such acquisition is to be obtained by the General Partner Entity through an issuance of Shares described in Section 4.2 , the General Partner Entity complies with such Section 7.4.F ). Without limiting the foregoing, the General Partner Entity is expressly authorized to issue additional Shares, other equity securities, New Securities or Convertible Funding Debt, as the case may be, for less than fair market value, and the General Partner is expressly authorized, pursuant to Section 4.2.A hereof, to cause the Partnership to issue to the General Partner corresponding Partnership Interests, (for example, and not by way of limitation, the issuance of Shares and corresponding Partnership Units pursuant to a share purchase plan providing for purchases of Shares, either by employees or shareholders, at a discount from fair market value or pursuant to employee share options that have an exercise price that is less than the fair market value of the Shares, either at the time of issuance or at the time of exercise) as long as (a) the General Partner concludes in good faith that such issuance is in the interests of the General Partner and the Partnership and (b) the General Partner Entity transfers all proceeds from any such issuance or exercise to the Partnership as an additional Capital Contribution.

E. Share Option Plan . If at any time or from time to time, the General Partner Entity sells or otherwise issues Shares pursuant to any Share Option Plan, the General Partner Entity shall transfer or cause to be transferred the proceeds of the sale of such Shares, if any, to the Partnership as an additional Capital Contribution in exchange for an amount of additional Partnership Units equal to the number of Shares so sold divided by the Conversion Factor.

F. Funding Debt . The General Partner or the General Partner Entity or any wholly owned Subsidiary of either of them may incur a Funding Debt from a financial institution or other lender, including, without limitation, a Funding Debt that is convertible into Shares or otherwise constitutes a class of New Securities (“ Convertible Funding Debt ”), subject to the condition that the General Partner, the General Partner Entity or such Subsidiary, as the case may be, lend to the Partnership the net proceeds of such Funding Debt; provided , however , that Convertible Funding Debt shall be issued in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.5.D above; and, provided further that the General Partner, the General Partner Entity or such Subsidiary shall not be obligated to lend the net proceeds of any Funding Debt to the Partnership in a manner that would be inconsistent with the General Partner’s or General Partner Entity’s ability to remain qualified as a REIT. If the General Partner, General Partner Entity or such

 

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Subsidiary enters into any Funding Debt, the loan to the Partnership shall be on comparable terms and conditions, including interest rate, repayment schedule, costs and expenses and other financial terms, as are applicable with respect to or incurred in connection with such Funding Debt.

G. Capital Contributions of the General Partner . The Capital Contributions by the General Partner pursuant to Sections 7.5.D and 7.5.E will be deemed to equal the cash contributed by the General Partner plus (a) in the case of cash contributions funded by an offering of any equity interests in or other securities of the General Partner Entity, the offering costs attributable to the cash contributed to the Partnership to the extent not reimbursed pursuant to Section 7.4.C and (b) in the case of Partnership Units issued pursuant to Section 7.5.E , an amount equal to the difference between the Value of the Shares sold pursuant to any Share Option Plan and the net proceeds of such sale.

H. Tax Loans . The General Partner or the General Partner Entity may in its sole and absolute discretion, cause the Partnership to make an interest free loan to the General Partner or the General Partner Entity, as applicable, provided that the proceeds of such loans are used to satisfy any tax liabilities of the General Partner or the General Partner Entity, as applicable.

Section 7.6 Transactions With Affiliates

A. Transactions with Certain Affiliates . Except as expressly permitted by this Agreement with respect to any non-arms’ length transaction with an Affiliate, the Partnership shall not, directly or indirectly, sell, transfer or convey any property to, or purchase any property from, or borrow funds from, or lend funds to, any Partner or any Affiliate of the Partnership that is not also a Subsidiary of the Partnership, except pursuant to transactions that are determined in good faith by the General Partner to be on terms that are fair and reasonable and no less favorable to the Partnership than would be obtained from an unaffiliated third party.

B. Conflict Avoidance . The General Partner is expressly authorized to enter into, in the name and on behalf of the Partnership, a non-competition arrangement and other conflict avoidance agreements with various Affiliates of the Partnership and General Partner on such terms as the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, believes are advisable.

C. Benefit Plans Sponsored by the Partnership . The General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion and without the approval of the Limited Partners, may propose and adopt on behalf of the Partnership employee benefit plans funded by the Partnership for the benefit of employees of the General Partner, the Partnership, Subsidiaries of the Partnership or any Affiliate of any of them.

Section 7.7 Indemnification

A. General . The Partnership shall indemnify each Indemnitee to the fullest extent provided by the Act from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including, without limitation, attorneys fees and other legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts, arising from or in connection with any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, whether civil, criminal, administrative

 

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or investigative, incurred by the Indemnitee and relating to the Partnership or the General Partner or the General Partner Entity or the operation of, or the ownership of property by, the Indemnitee, Partnership or the General Partner or the General Partner Entity as set forth in this Agreement in which any such Indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, unless it is established by a final determination of a court of competent jurisdiction that: (i) the act or omission of the Indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (ii) the Indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. Without limitation, the foregoing indemnity shall extend to any liability of any Indemnitee, pursuant to a loan guarantee, contractual obligation for any indebtedness or other obligation or otherwise, for any indebtedness of the Partnership or any Subsidiary of the Partnership (including, without limitation, any indebtedness which the Partnership or any Subsidiary of the Partnership has assumed or taken subject to), and the General Partner is hereby authorized and empowered, on behalf of the Partnership, to enter into one or more indemnity agreements consistent with the provisions of this Section 7.7 in favor of any Indemnitee having or potentially having liability for any such indebtedness. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order or settlement does not create a presumption that the Indemnitee did not meet the requisite standard of conduct set forth in this Section 7.7.A . The termination of any proceeding by conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, creates a rebuttable presumption that the Indemnitee acted in a manner contrary to that specified in this Section 7.7.A with respect to the subject matter of such proceeding. Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 7.7 shall be made only out of the assets of the Partnership, and any insurance proceeds from the liability policy covering the General Partner and any Indemnitee, and neither the General Partner nor any Limited Partner shall have any obligation to contribute to the capital of the Partnership or otherwise provide funds to enable the Partnership to fund its obligations under this Section 7.7 .

B. Reimbursement of Expenses . Reasonable expenses expected to be incurred by an Indemnitee shall be paid or reimbursed by the Partnership in advance of the final disposition of any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative made or threatened against an Indemnitee upon receipt by the Partnership of (i) a written affirmation by the Indemnitee of the Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Partnership as authorized in Section 7.7.A has been met and (ii) a written undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay the amount if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct has not been met.

C. No Limitation of Rights . The indemnification provided by this Section 7.7 shall be in addition to any other rights to which an Indemnitee or any other Person may be entitled under any agreement, pursuant to any vote of the Partners, as a matter of law or otherwise, and shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to serve in such capacity unless otherwise provided in a written agreement pursuant to which such Indemnitee is indemnified.

D. Insurance . The Partnership may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of the Indemnitees and such other Persons as the General Partner shall determine against any liability that may be asserted against or expenses that may be incurred by such Person in connection with

 

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the Partnership’s activities, regardless of whether the Partnership would have the power to indemnify such Indemnitee or Person against such liability under the provisions of this Agreement.

E. No Personal Liability for Partners . In no event may an Indemnitee subject any of the Partners to personal liability by reason of the indemnification provisions set forth in this Agreement.

F. Interested Transactions . An Indemnitee shall not be denied indemnification in whole or in part under this Section 7.7 because the Indemnitee had an interest in the transaction with respect to which the indemnification applies if the transaction was otherwise permitted by the terms of this Agreement.

G. Benefit . The provisions of this Section 7.7 are for the benefit of the Indemnitees, their employees, officers, directors, trustees, heirs, successors, assigns and administrators and shall not be deemed to create any rights for the benefit of any other Persons. Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 7.7 , or any provision hereof, shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the limitation on the Partnership’s liability to any Indemnitee under this Section 7.7 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or related to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted.

H. Indemnification Payments Not Distributions . If and to the extent any payments to the General Partner pursuant to this Section 7.7 constitute gross income to the General Partner (as opposed to the repayment of advances made on behalf of the Partnership), such amounts shall constitute guaranteed payments within the meaning of Section 707(c) of the Code, shall be treated consistently therewith by the Partnership and all Partners, and shall not be treated as distributions for purposes of computing the Partners’ Capital Accounts.

I. Exception to Indemnification . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the General Partner shall not be entitled to indemnification hereunder for any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense for which the General Partner is obligated to indemnify the Partnership under any other agreement between the General Partner and the Partnership.

Section 7.8 Liability of the General Partner

A. General . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, the General Partner (which for the purposes of this Section 7.8 shall include the directors, trustees and officers of the General Partner) shall not be liable for monetary or other damages to the Partnership, any Partners or any Assignees for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived as a result of errors in judgment or mistakes of fact or law or of any act or omission unless the General Partner acted in bad faith and the act or omission was material to the matter giving rise to the loss, liability or benefit not derived.

B. Obligation to Consider Interests of General Partner Entity . The Limited Partners expressly acknowledge that the General Partner, in considering whether to dispose of any of the Partnership assets, shall take into account the tax consequences to the General Partner Entity of any such disposition and shall have no liability whatsoever to the Partnership or any Limited Partner for decisions that are based upon or influenced by such tax consequences.

 

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C. No Obligation to Consider Separate Interests of Limited Partners or Shareholders . The Limited Partners expressly acknowledge that the General Partner is acting on behalf of the Partnership, its shareholders (and, to the extent separate, the shareholders of the General Partner Entity), and that, except as set forth herein, the General Partner is under no obligation to consider the separate interests of the Limited Partners (including, without limitation, the tax consequences to Limited Partners or Assignees) in deciding whether to cause the Partnership to take (or decline to take) any actions, and that the General Partner shall not be liable for monetary or other damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by Limited Partners in connection with any decisions or actions made or taken or declined to be made or taken, provided that the General Partner has acted pursuant to its authority under this Agreement.

D. Actions of Agents . Subject to its obligations and duties as General Partner set forth in Section 7.1.A , the General Partner may exercise any of the powers granted to it by this Agreement and perform any of the duties imposed upon it hereunder either directly or by or through its agents. The General Partner shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent appointed by the General Partner in good faith.

E. Effect of Amendment . Notwithstanding any other provision contained herein, any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 7.8 or any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the limitations on the General Partner’s liability to the Partnership and the Limited Partners under this Section 7.8 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to claims arising from or relating to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when such claims may arise or be asserted.

F. Limitations of Fiduciary Duty . Sections 7.1.B, 7.1.E and this Section 7.8 and any other Section of this Agreement limiting the liability of the General Partner and/or its trustees, directors and officers shall constitute an express limitation of any duties, fiduciary or otherwise, that they would owe the Partnership or the Limited Partners if such duty would be imposed by any law, in equity or otherwise.

Section 7.9 Other Matters Concerning the General Partner

A. Reliance on Documents . The General Partner may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, bond, debenture or other paper or document believed by it in good faith to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties.

B. Reliance on Advisors . The General Partner may consult with legal counsel, accountants, appraisers, management consultants, investment bankers and other consultants and advisers selected by it, and any act taken or omitted to be taken in reliance upon the opinion of such Persons as to matters which the General Partner reasonably believes to be within such Person’s professional or expert competence shall be conclusively presumed to have been done or omitted in good faith and in accordance with such opinion.

 

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C. Action Through Agents . The General Partner shall have the right, in respect of any of its powers or obligations hereunder, to act through any of its duly authorized officers and a duly appointed attorney or attorneys-in-fact. Each such attorney shall, to the extent provided by the General Partner in the power of attorney, have full power and authority to do and perform all and every act and duty that is permitted or required to be done by the General Partner hereunder.

D. Actions to Maintain REIT Status or Avoid Taxation of the General Partner Entity . Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement or the Act, any action of the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership or any decision of the General Partner to refrain from acting on behalf of the Partnership undertaken in the good faith belief that such action or omission is necessary or advisable in order (i) to protect the ability of the General Partner Entity to qualify as a REIT or (ii) to allow the General Partner Entity to avoid incurring any liability for taxes under Section 857 or 4981 of the Code, is expressly authorized under this Agreement and is deemed approved by all of the Limited Partners.

Section 7.10 Reliance By Third Parties

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, any Person dealing with the Partnership shall be entitled to assume that the General Partner has full power and authority, without consent or approval of any other Partner or Person, to encumber, sell or otherwise use in any manner any and all assets of the Partnership, to enter into any contracts on behalf of the Partnership and to take any and all actions on behalf of the Partnership, and such Person shall be entitled to deal with the General Partner as if the General Partner were the Partnership’s sole party in interest, both legally and beneficially. Each Limited Partner hereby waives any and all defenses or other remedies that may be available against such Person to contest, negate or disaffirm any action of the General Partner in connection with any such dealing, in each case except to the extent that such action imposes, or purports to impose, liability on the Limited Partner. In no event shall any Person dealing with the General Partner or its representatives be obligated to ascertain that the terms of this Agreement have been complied with or to inquire into the necessity or expedience of any act or action of the General Partner or its representatives. Each and every certificate, document or other instrument executed on behalf of the Partnership by the General Partner or its representatives shall be conclusive evidence in favor of any and every Person relying thereon or claiming thereunder that (i) at the time of the execution and delivery of such certificate, document or instrument, this Agreement was in full force and effect, (ii) the Person executing and delivering such certificate, document or instrument was duly authorized and empowered to do so for and on behalf of the Partnership, and (iii) such certificate, document or instrument was duly executed and delivered in accordance with the terms and provisions of this Agreement and is binding upon the Partnership.

Section 7.11 Restrictions on General Partner’s Authority

A. Consent Required . The General Partner may not take any action in contravention of an express prohibition or limitation of this Agreement without the written Consent of (i) all Partners adversely affected or (ii) such lower percentage of the Partnership Interests held by Limited Partners as may be specifically provided for under a provision of this Agreement or the Act. The preceding sentence shall not apply to any limitation or prohibition in this Agreement that expressly authorizes the General Partner to take action (either in its discretion or in specified circumstances) so long as the General Partner acts within the scope of such authority.

 

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B. Sale of All Assets of the Partnership . Except as provided in Article XIII , the General Partner may not, directly or indirectly, cause the Partnership to sell, exchange, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of the Partnership’s assets in a single transaction or a series of related transactions (including by way of merger (including a triangular merger), consolidation or other combination with any other Persons) without the Consent of the Partners holding Partnership Interests representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the Percentage Interest of the Class A Units, including the Class A Units held by the General Partner, provided , however , that the foregoing limitation shall not apply to any leases of all or substantially all of the Partnership’s assets entered into by the Partnership in order to satisfy any REIT Requirements of the General Partner Entity.

Section 7.12 Loans by Third Parties

The Partnership may incur Debt, or enter into similar credit, guarantee, financing or refinancing arrangements for any purpose (including, without limitation, in connection with any acquisition of property and any borrowings from, or guarantees of Debt of the General Partner or any of its Affiliates) with any Person upon such terms as the General Partner determines appropriate.

ARTICLE VIII

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF LIMITED PARTNERS

Section 8.1 Limitation of Liability

The Limited Partners shall have no liability under this Agreement except as expressly provided in this Agreement, including Section 10.5 , or under the Act.

Section 8.2 Management of Business

No Limited Partner or Assignee (other than the General Partner, any of its Affiliates, or any officer, director, employee, partner, agent or trustee of the General Partner, the Partnership or any of their Affiliates, in their capacity as such) shall take part in the operation, management or control (within the meaning of the Act) of the Partnership’s business, transact any business in the Partnership’s name or have the power to sign documents for or otherwise bind the Partnership. The transaction of any such business by the General Partner, any of its Affiliates or any officer, director, employee, partner, agent or trustee of the General Partner, the Partnership or any of their Affiliates, in their capacity as such, shall not affect, impair or eliminate the limitations on the liability of the Limited Partners or Assignees under this Agreement.

 

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Section 8.3 Outside Activities of Limited Partners

Subject to Section 7.5 hereof, and subject to any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 7.6.B hereof and to any other agreements entered into by a Limited Partner or its Affiliates with the General Partner, the Partnership or a Subsidiary, any Limited Partner (other than the General Partner) and any officer, director, employee, agent, trustee, Affiliate or shareholder of any Limited Partner shall be entitled to and may have business interests and engage in business activities in addition to those relating to the Partnership, including business interests and activities in direct or indirect competition with the Partnership. Neither the Partnership nor any Partners shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement in any business ventures of any Limited Partner or Assignee. None of the Limited Partners (other than the General Partner) or any other Person shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement or the partnership relationship established hereby in any business ventures of any other Person (other than the General Partner to the extent expressly provided herein), and no Person (other than the General Partner) shall have any obligation pursuant to this Agreement to offer any interest in any such business venture to the Partnership, any Limited Partner or any such other Person, even if such opportunity is of a character which, if presented to the Partnership, any Limited Partner or such other Person, could be taken by such Person.

Section 8.4 Return of Capital

Except pursuant to the right of redemption set forth in Section 8.6 , no Limited Partner shall be entitled to the withdrawal or return of its Capital Contribution, except to the extent of distributions made pursuant to this Agreement or upon termination of the Partnership as provided herein. No Limited Partner or Assignee shall have priority over any other Limited Partner or Assignee either as to the return of Capital Contributions (except as permitted by Section 4.2.A ) or, except to the extent provided by Exhibit C or as permitted by Sections 4.2.A, 5.1.B(i), 6.1.A and 6.1.B , or otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, as to profits, losses, distributions or credits.

Section 8.5 Rights of Limited Partners Relating to the Partnership

A. General . In addition to other rights provided by this Agreement or by the Act, and except as limited by Section 8.5.D , each Limited Partner shall have the right, for a purpose reasonably related to such Limited Partner’s interest as a limited partner in the Partnership, upon written demand with a statement of the purpose of such demand and at such Limited Partner’s own expense:

 

  (1) to obtain a copy of the most recent annual and quarterly reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by either the General Partner Entity or the Partnership, if any, pursuant to the Exchange Act;

 

  (2) to obtain a copy of the Partnership’s U.S. federal, state and local income tax returns for each Fiscal Year;

 

  (3) to obtain a current list of the name and last known business, residence or mailing address of each Partner;

 

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  (4) to obtain a copy of this Agreement and the Certificate of Limited Partnership and all amendments thereto, together with executed copies of all powers of attorney pursuant to which this Agreement, the Certificate of Limited Partnership and all amendments thereto have been executed;

 

  (5) to obtain true and full information regarding the amount of cash and a description and statement of the Agreed Value of any other property or services contributed by each Partner and which each Partner has agreed to contribute in the future, and the date on which each Partner became a Partner; and

 

  (6) other information regarding the affairs of the Partnership as is just and reasonable.

B. Notice of Conversion Factor . The Partnership shall notify each Limited Partner upon request (i) of the then current Conversion Factor and (ii) of any changes to the Conversion Factor.

C. Notice of Extraordinary Transaction of the General Partner Entity . The General Partner Entity shall not make any extraordinary distributions of cash or property to its shareholders or effect a merger (including, without limitation, a triangular merger), consolidation or other combination with or into another Person, a sale of all or substantially all of its assets or any other similar extraordinary transaction without providing written notice to the Limited Partners of its intention to make such distribution or effect such merger, consolidation, combination, sale or other extraordinary transaction at least twenty (20) Business Days prior to the record date to determine shareholders eligible to receive such distribution or to vote upon the approval of such merger, sale or other extraordinary transaction (or, if no such record date is applicable, at least twenty (20) Business Days before consummation of such merger, sale or other extraordinary transaction), which notice shall describe in reasonable detail the action to be taken; provided , however , that the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, may shorten the required notice period of not less than twenty (20) Business Days prior to the record date to determine the shareholders eligible to vote upon a merger transaction (but not any of the other transactions covered by this Section 8.5.C .) to a period of not less than ten (10) calendar days (thereby continuing to afford the holders of Partnership Units the opportunity to redeem Partnership Units under Section 8.6 on or prior to the record date for the shareholder vote on the merger transaction) so long as (i) the General Partner Entity will be the surviving entity in such merger transaction, (ii) immediately following the merger transaction, Persons who held voting securities of the General Partner Entity immediately prior to such merger transaction will hold, solely by reason of the ownership of voting securities of the General Partner Entity immediately prior to the merger transaction, voting securities of the General Partner Entity representing not less than fifty-one percent (51%) of the total combined voting power of all outstanding voting securities of the General Partner Entity after such merger, and (iii) in the event that in connection with such merger transaction the Partnership will merge with another entity, the Partnership will be the surviving entity in such merger. This provision for such notice shall not be deemed (i) to permit any transaction that otherwise is prohibited by this Agreement or requires a Consent of the Partners or (ii) to require a Consent on the part of any one or more of the Limited Partners to a transaction that does not otherwise require Consent under this Agreement. Each Limited

 

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Partner agrees, as a condition to the receipt of the notice pursuant hereto, to keep confidential the information set forth therein until such time as the General Partner Entity has made public disclosure thereof and to use such information during such period of confidentiality solely for purposes of determining whether to exercise the Redemption Right; provided , however , that a Limited Partner may disclose such information to its attorney, accountant and/or financial advisor for purposes of obtaining advice with respect to such exercise so long as such attorney, accountant and/or financial advisor agrees to receive and hold such information subject to this confidentiality requirement.

D. Confidentiality . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 8.5 , the General Partner may keep confidential from the Limited Partners, for such period of time as the General Partner determines in its sole and absolute discretion, any information that (i) the General Partner reasonably believes to be in the nature of trade secrets or other information the disclosure of which the General Partner in good faith believes is not in the best interests of the Partnership or could damage the Partnership or its business or (ii) the Partnership is required by law or by agreements with unaffiliated third parties to keep confidential, provided , however , that this Section 8.5.D shall not affect the notice requirements set forth in Section 8.5.C above.

Section 8.6 Redemption Right

A. General . (i) Subject to Section 8.6.C and Section 11.6.E , at any time on or after one (1) year following the date of the initial issuance thereof (which, in the event of the transfer of a Class A Unit or Class B Unit, shall be deemed to be the date that the Class A Unit or such Class B Unit, as the case may be, was issued to the original recipient thereof for purposes of this Section 8.6 ), the holder of a Partnership Unit (if other than the General Partner or any Subsidiary of the General Partner) shall have the right (the “ Redemption Right ”) to require the Partnership to redeem such Partnership Unit, with such redemption to occur on the Specified Redemption Date and at a redemption price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount to be paid by the Partnership. Any such Redemption Right shall be exercised pursuant to a Notice of Redemption delivered to the Partnership (with a copy to the General Partner) by the holder of the Partnership Units who is exercising the Redemption Right (the “ Redeeming Partner ”). A Limited Partner may exercise the Redemption Right from time to time, without limitation as to frequency, with respect to part or all of the Partnership Units that it owns, as selected by the Limited Partner, provided , however , that a Limited Partner may not exercise the Redemption Right for fewer than one thousand (1,000) Partnership Units of a particular class unless such Redeeming Partner then holds fewer than one thousand (1,000) Partnership Units in that class, in which event the Redeeming Partner must exercise the Redemption Right for all of the Partnership Units held by such Redeeming Partner in that class, and provided further that, with respect to a Limited Partner which is an entity, such Limited Partner may exercise the Redemption Right for fewer than one thousand (1,000) Partnership Units without regard to whether or not such Limited Partner is exercising the Redemption Right for all of the Partnership Units held by such Limited Partner as long as such Limited Partner is exercising the Redemption Right on behalf of one or more of its equity owners in respect of one hundred percent (100%) of such equity owners’ interests in such Limited Partner. For purposes hereof, a Class A Unit issued upon conversion of a Class B Unit shall be deemed to have been issued when the Class B Unit was issued.

 

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(ii) The Redeeming Partner shall have no right with respect to any Partnership Units so redeemed to receive any distributions paid in respect of a Partnership Record Date for distributions in respect of Partnership Units after the Specified Redemption Date with respect to such Partnership Units.

(iii) The Assignee of any Limited Partner may exercise the rights of such Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 8.6 , and such Limited Partner shall be deemed to have assigned such rights to such Assignee and shall be bound by the exercise of such rights by such Limited Partner’s Assignee. In connection with any exercise of such rights by such Assignee on behalf of such Limited Partner, the Cash Amount shall be paid by the Partnership directly to such Assignee and not to such Limited Partner.

(iv) If the General Partner Entity provides notice to the Limited Partners, pursuant to Section 8.5.C hereof, the Redemption Right shall be exercisable, without regard to whether the Partnership Units have been outstanding for any specified period, during the period commencing on the date on which the General Partner Entity provides such notice and ending on the record date to determine shareholders eligible to receive such distribution or to vote upon the approval of such merger, sale or other extraordinary transaction (or, if no such record date is applicable, at least twenty (20) Business Days before the consummation of such merger, sale or other extraordinary transaction). If this subparagraph (iv) applies, the Specified Redemption Date is the date on which the Partnership and the General Partner receive notice of exercise of the Redemption Right, rather than ten (10) Business Days after receipt of the Notice of Redemption.

B. General Partner Entity Assumption of Redemption Right . (i) If a Limited Partner has delivered a Notice of Redemption, the General Partner Entity may, in its sole and absolute discretion (subject to the limitations on ownership and transfer of Shares set forth in the Declaration of Trust or, if the General Partner is not the General Partner Entity, the organizational documents of the General Partner Entity), elect to assume directly and satisfy a Redemption Right. If such election is made by the General Partner Entity, the Partnership shall determine whether the General Partner Entity shall pay the Redemption Amount in the form of the Cash Amount or the Shares Amount. The Partnership’s decision regarding whether such payment shall be made in the form of the Cash Amount or the Shares Amount shall be made by the General Partner, in its capacity as the general partner of the Partnership and in its sole and absolute discretion. Payment of the Redemption Amount in the form of Shares shall be in Shares registered for resale under Section 12 of the Exchange Act and listed for trading on the exchange or national market on which the Shares are Publicly Traded and the issuance of Shares upon redemption shall be registered under the Securities Act or, at the election of the General Partner Entity, resale of the Shares issued upon redemption shall be registered (so long as the Redeeming Partner provides all information required for such registration), and, provided further that if the Shares are not Publicly Traded at the time a Redeeming Partner exercises its Redemption Right, the Redemption Amount shall be paid only in the form of the Cash Amount unless the Redeeming Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, consents to payment of the Redemption Amount in the form of the Shares Amount, on the Specified Redemption Date. Upon such payment by the General Partner Entity, the General Partner Entity shall acquire the Partnership Units offered for redemption by the Redeeming Partner and shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as the owner of such Partnership Units. Unless the General Partner Entity, in its

 

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sole and absolute discretion, shall exercise its right to assume directly and satisfy the Redemption Right, the General Partner Entity shall not have any obligation to the Redeeming Partner or to the Partnership with respect to the Redeeming Partner’s exercise of the Redemption Right. If the General Partner Entity shall exercise its right to assume directly and satisfy the Redemption Right in the manner described in the first sentence of this Section 8.6B and shall fully perform its obligations in connection therewith, the Partnership shall have no right or obligation to pay any amount to the Redeeming Partner with respect to such Redeeming Partner’s exercise of the Redemption Right, and each of the Redeeming Partner, the Partnership and the General Partner Entity shall, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, treat the transaction between the General Partner Entity and the Redeeming Partner as a sale of the Redeeming Partner’s Partnership Units to the General Partner Entity. Nothing contained in this Section 8.6.B shall imply any right of the General Partner Entity to require any Limited Partner to exercise the Redemption Right afforded to such Limited Partner pursuant to Section 8.6.A .

(ii) If the General Partner Entity determines that the General Partner Entity shall pay the Redeeming Partner the Redemption Amount in the form of Shares, the total number of Shares to be paid to the Redeeming Partner in exchange for the Redeeming Partner’s Partnership Units shall be the applicable Shares Amount. If this amount is not a whole number of Shares, the Redeeming Partner shall be paid (i) that number of Shares which equals the nearest whole number less than such amount plus (ii) an amount of cash which the General Partner Entity determines, in its reasonable discretion, to represent the fair value of the remaining fractional Share which would otherwise be payable to the Redeeming Partner.

(iii) Each Redeeming Partner agrees to execute such documents or provide such information or materials as the General Partner Entity may reasonably require in connection with the issuance of Shares upon exercise of the Redemption Right.

C. Exceptions to Exercise of Redemption Right . Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 8.6.A and 8.6.B , a Partner shall not be entitled to exercise the Redemption Right pursuant to Section 8.6.A if (but only as long as) the delivery of Shares to such Partner on the Specified Redemption Date would (i) be prohibited under the restrictions on the ownership or transfer of Shares in the Declaration of Trust (or, if the General Partner is not the General Partner Entity, the organizational documents of the General Partner Entity), (ii) be prohibited under applicable federal or state securities laws or regulations (in each case regardless of whether the General Partner Entity would in fact assume and satisfy the Redemption Right), (iii) without limiting the foregoing, result in the General Partner’s Shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to rules of attribution), (iv) without limiting the foregoing, result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code or cause the General Partner to own, actually or constructively, ten percent (10%) or more of the ownership interests in a tenant of the General Partner, the Partnership or a subsidiary of the Partnership’s real property within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code, and (v) without limiting the foregoing, cause the acquisition of the Shares by the Redeeming Partner to be “integrated” with any other distribution of Shares for purposes of complying with the registration provision of the Securities Act, as amended. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the General Partner may, in its sole and absolute discretion, waive such prohibition set forth in Section 8.6.C .

 

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D. No Liens on Partnership Units Delivered for Redemption . Each Limited Partner covenants and agrees that all Partnership Units delivered for redemption shall be delivered to the Partnership or the General Partner Entity, as the case may be, free and clear of all liens; and, notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, neither the General Partner Entity nor the Partnership shall be under any obligation to acquire Partnership Units which are or may be subject to any liens. Each Limited Partner further agrees that, if any state or local property transfer tax is payable as a result of the transfer of its Partnership Units to the Partnership or the General Partner Entity, such Limited Partner shall assume and pay such transfer tax.

E. Additional Partnership Interests; Modification of Holding Period . If the Partnership issues Partnership Interests to any Additional Limited Partner pursuant to Article IV , the General Partner shall make such revisions to this Section 8.6 as it determines are necessary to reflect the issuance of such Partnership Interests (including setting forth any restrictions on the exercise of the Redemption Right with respect to such Partnership Interests which differ from those set forth in this Agreement), provided , however , that no such revisions shall materially adversely affect the rights of any other Limited Partner to exercise its Redemption Right without that Limited Partner’s prior written consent. In addition, the General Partner may, with respect to any holder or holders of Partnership Units, at any time and from time to time, as it shall determine in its sole and absolute discretion, (i) reduce or waive the length of the period prior to which such holder or holders may not exercise the Redemption Right or (ii) reduce or waive the length of the period between the exercise of the Redemption Right and the Specified Redemption Date.

ARTICLE IX

BOOKS, RECORDS, ACCOUNTING AND REPORTS

Section 9.1 Records and Accounting

The General Partner shall keep or cause to be kept at the principal office of the Partnership appropriate books and records with respect to the Partnership’s business, including, without limitation, all books and records necessary to provide to the Limited Partners any information, lists and copies of documents required to be provided pursuant to Section 9.3 . Any records maintained by or on behalf of the Partnership in the regular course of its business may be kept on, or be in the form of, punch cards, magnetic tape, photographs, micrographics or any other information storage device, provided , however , that the records so maintained are convertible into clearly legible written form within a reasonable period of time. The books of the Partnership shall be maintained, for financial and tax reporting purposes, on an accrual basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Section 9.2 Fiscal Year

The fiscal year of the Partnership shall be the calendar year.

 

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Section 9.3 Reports

A. Annual Reports . As soon as practicable, but in no event later than the date on which the General Partner Entity mails its annual report to its shareholders, the General Partner Entity shall cause to be mailed to each Limited Partner an annual report, as of the close of the most recently ended Fiscal Year, containing financial statements of the Partnership, or of the General Partner Entity (and, if different, the General Partner) if such statements are prepared on a consolidated basis with the Partnership, for such Fiscal Year, presented in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, such statements to be audited by a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants selected by the General Partner Entity.

B. Quarterly Reports . If and to the extent that the General Partner Entity mails quarterly reports to its shareholders, as soon as practicable, but in no event later than the date on which such reports are mailed, the General Partner Entity shall cause to be mailed to each Limited Partner a report containing unaudited financial statements, as of the last day of such fiscal quarter, of the Partnership, or of the General Partner Entity (and, if different, the General Partner) if such statements are prepared on a consolidated basis with the Partnership, and such other information as may be required by applicable law or regulation, or as the General Partner determines to be appropriate.

ARTICLE X

TAX MATTERS

Section 10.1 Preparation of Tax Returns

The General Partner shall arrange for the preparation and timely filing of all returns of Partnership income, gains, deductions, losses and other items required of the Partnership for federal and state income tax purposes and shall use all reasonable efforts to furnish, within ninety (90) days of the close of each taxable year, the tax information reasonably required by Limited Partners for federal and state income tax reporting purposes.

Section 10.2 Tax Elections

Except as otherwise provided herein, the General Partner shall, in its sole and absolute discretion, determine whether to make any available election pursuant to the Code (including the election under Section 754 of the Code). The General Partner shall have the right to seek to revoke any such election upon the General Partner’s determination in its sole and absolute discretion that such revocation is in the best interests of the Partners.

Section 10.3 Tax Matters Partner

A. General . The General Partner shall be the “tax matters partner” of the Partnership for federal income tax purposes. Pursuant to Section 6223(c)(3) of the Code, upon receipt of notice from the IRS of the beginning of an administrative proceeding with respect to the Partnership, the tax matters partner shall furnish the IRS with the name, address, taxpayer identification number and profit interest of each of the Limited Partners and any Assignees; provided , however , that such information is provided to the Partnership by the Limited Partners.

 

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B. Powers . The tax matters partner is authorized, but not required: 

 

  (1) to enter into any settlement with the IRS with respect to any administrative or judicial proceedings for the adjustment of Partnership items required to be taken into account by a Partner for income tax purposes (such administrative proceedings being referred to as a “tax audit” and such judicial proceedings being referred to as “judicial review”), and in the settlement agreement the tax matters partner may expressly state that such agreement shall bind all Partners, except that such settlement agreement shall not bind any Partner (i) who (within the time prescribed pursuant to the Code and Regulations) files a statement with the IRS providing that the tax matters partner shall not have the authority to enter into a settlement agreement on behalf of such Partner or (ii) who is a “notice partner” (as defined in Section 6231(a)(8) of the Code) or a member of a “notice group” (as defined in Section 6223(b)(2) of the Code);

 

  (2) if a notice of a final administrative adjustment at the Partnership level of any item required to be taken into account by a Partner for tax purposes (a “final adjustment”) is mailed to the tax matters partner, to seek judicial review of such final adjustment, including the filing of a petition for readjustment with the Tax Court or the filing of a complaint for refund with the United States Claims Court or the District Court of the United States for the district in which the Partnership’s principal place of business is located;

 

  (3) to intervene in any action brought by any other Partner for judicial review of a final adjustment;

 

  (4) to file a request for an administrative adjustment with the IRS at any time and, if any part of such request is not allowed by the IRS, to file an appropriate pleading (petition or complaint) for judicial review with respect to such request;

 

  (5) to enter into an agreement with the IRS to extend the period for assessing any tax which is attributable to any item required to be taken into account by a Partner for tax purposes, or an item affected by such item;

 

  (6) to take any other action on behalf of the Partners of the Partnership in connection with any tax audit or judicial review proceeding, to the extent permitted by applicable law or regulations; and

 

  (7) to take any other action required by the Code and Regulations in connection with its role as tax matters partner.

The taking of any action and the incurring of any expense by the tax matters partner in connection with any such audit or proceeding referred to in clause (6) above, except to the extent required by law, is a matter in the sole and absolute discretion of the tax matters partner and the provisions relating to indemnification of the General Partner set forth in Section 7.7 shall be fully applicable to the tax matters partner in its capacity as such.

 

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C. Reimbursement . The tax matters partner shall receive no compensation for its services. All third party costs and expenses incurred by the tax matters partner in performing its duties as such (including legal and accounting fees and expenses) shall be borne by the Partnership. Nothing herein shall be construed to restrict the Partnership from engaging an accounting firm and/or law firm to assist the tax matters partner in discharging its duties hereunder, so long as the compensation paid by the Partnership for such services is reasonable.

Section 10.4 Organizational Expenses

The Partnership shall elect to deduct expenses as provided in Section 709 of the Code.

Section 10.5 Withholding

Each Limited Partner hereby authorizes the Partnership to withhold from or pay on behalf of or with respect to such Limited Partner any amount of U.S. federal, state, local, or foreign taxes that the General Partner determines that the Partnership is required to withhold or pay with respect to any cash or property distributable, allocable or otherwise transferred to such Limited Partner pursuant to this Agreement, including, without limitation, any taxes required to be withheld or paid by the Partnership pursuant to Section 1441, 1442, 1445, or 1446 of the Code. Any amount paid on behalf of or with respect to a Limited Partner shall constitute a loan by the Partnership, to such Limited Partner, which loan shall be repaid by such Limited Partner within fifteen (15) days after notice from the General Partner that such payment must be made unless (i) the Partnership withholds such payment from a distribution which would otherwise be made to the Limited Partner or (ii) the General Partner determines, in its sole and absolute discretion, that such payment may be satisfied out of the available funds of the Partnership which would, but for such payment, be distributed to the Limited Partner. Any amounts withheld pursuant to the foregoing clauses (i) or (ii) shall be treated as having been distributed or otherwise paid to such Limited Partner. Each Limited Partner hereby unconditionally and irrevocably grants to the Partnership a security interest in such Limited Partner’s Partnership Interest to secure such Limited Partner’s obligation to pay to the Partnership any amounts required to be paid pursuant to this Section 10.5 . If a Limited Partner fails to pay any amounts owed to the Partnership pursuant to this Section 10.5 when due, the General Partner may, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect to make the payment to the Partnership on behalf of such defaulting Limited Partner, and in such event shall be deemed to have loaned such amount to such defaulting Limited Partner and shall succeed to all rights and remedies of the Partnership as against such defaulting Limited Partner (including, without limitation, the right to receive distributions). Any amounts payable by a Limited Partner hereunder shall bear interest at the base rate on corporate loans at large United States money center commercial banks, as published from time to time in The Wall Street Journal, plus four (4) percentage points (but not higher than the maximum rate that may be charged under law) from the date such amount is due (i.e., fifteen (15) days after demand) until such amount is paid in full. Each Limited Partner shall take such actions as the Partnership or the General Partner shall request to perfect or enforce the security interest created hereunder.

 

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ARTICLE XI

TRANSFERS AND WITHDRAWALS

Section 11.1 Transfer

A. Definition . The term “transfer,” when used in this Article XI with respect to a Partnership Interest or a Partnership Unit, shall be deemed to refer to a transaction by which the General Partner purports to assign all or any part of its General Partner Interest to another Person or by which a Limited Partner purports to assign all or any part of its Limited Partner Interest to another Person, and includes a sale, assignment, gift, pledge, encumbrance, hypothecation, mortgage, exchange or any other disposition by law or otherwise. The term “transfer” when used in this Article XI does not include any redemption or repurchase of Partnership Units by the Partnership from a Partner or acquisition of Partnership Units from a Limited Partner by the General Partner Entity pursuant to Section 8.6 or otherwise. No part of the interest of a Limited Partner shall be subject to the claims of any creditor, any spouse for alimony or support, or to legal process, and may not be voluntarily or involuntarily alienated or encumbered except as may be specifically provided for in this Agreement.

B. General . No Partnership Interest shall be transferred, in whole or in part, except in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Article XI . Any transfer or purported transfer of a Partnership Interest not made in accordance with this Article XI shall be null and void.

Section 11.2 Transfers of Partnership Interests of General Partner

A. General . The General Partner may not transfer any of its Partnership Interests except in connection with (i) a transaction permitted under Section 11.2.B , (ii) any merger (including a triangular merger), consolidation or other combination with or into another Person following the consummation of which the equity holders of the surviving entity are substantially identical to the shareholders of the General Partner Entity, or (iii) as otherwise expressly permitted under this Agreement, nor shall the General Partner withdraw as General Partner except in connection with a transaction permitted under Section 11.2.B or any merger, consolidation, or other combination permitted under clause (ii) of this Section 11.2.A

B. Termination Transactions . The General Partner Entity shall not engage in any merger (including, without limitation, a triangular merger), consolidation or other combination with or into another Person (other than any transaction permitted by Section 11.2.A ), sale of all or substantially all of its assets or any reclassification, recapitalization or change of outstanding Shares (other than a change in par value, or from par value to no par value, or as a result of a subdivision or combination as described in the definition of “ Conversion Factor ”) (“ Termination Transaction ”), unless (i) the Termination Transaction has been approved by the Consent of Partners holding Partnership Interests representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the Percentage Interest of the Class A Units, (ii) following such merger or other consolidation, substantially all of the assets of the surviving entity consist of Partnership Units and (iii) in connection with which all Partners either will receive, or will have the right to receive, for each

 

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Partnership Unit an amount of cash, securities, or other property equal to the product of the Conversion Factor and the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid to a holder of Shares, if any, corresponding to such Unit in consideration of one such Share at any time during the period from and after the date on which the Termination Transaction is consummated; provided , however , that, if in connection with the Termination Transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of the percentage required for the approval of mergers under the organizational documents of the General Partner Entity, each holder of Partnership Units shall receive, or shall have the right to receive without any right of Consent set forth above in this Section 11.2.B , the greatest amount of cash, securities, or other property which such holder would have received had it exercised the Redemption Right and received Shares in exchange for its Partnership Units immediately prior to the expiration of such purchase, tender or exchange offer and had thereupon accepted such purchase, tender or exchange offer.

C. Creation of New General Partner . The General Partner shall not enter into an agreement or other arrangement providing for or facilitating the creation of a General Partner other than the General Partner, unless the successor General Partner executes and delivers a counterpart to this Agreement in which such General Partner agrees to be fully bound by all of the terms and conditions contained herein that are applicable to a General Partner.

Section 11.3 Limited Partners’ Rights to Transfer

A. General . Except to the extent expressly permitted in Sections 11.3.B and 11.3.C or in connection with the exercise of a Redemption Right pursuant to Section 8.6, a Limited Partner may not transfer all or portion of its Partnership Interest, or any of such Limited Partner’s rights as a Limited Partner, without the prior written consent of the General Partner, which consent may be withheld in the General Partner’s sole and absolute discretion. Any transfer otherwise permitted under Sections 11.3.B and 11.3.C shall be subject to the conditions set forth in Section 11.3.D and 11.3.E , and all permitted transfers shall be subject to Section 11.5 and Section 11.6 .

B. Incapacitated Limited Partner . If a Limited Partner is subject to Incapacity, the executor, administrator, trustee, committee, guardian, conservator or receiver of such Limited Partner’s estate shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner, but not more rights than those enjoyed by other Limited Partner, for the purpose of settling or managing the estate and such power as the Incapacitated Limited Partner possessed to transfer all or any part of its interest in the Partnership. The Incapacity of a Limited Partner, in and of itself, shall not dissolve or terminate the Partnership.

C. Permitted Transfers . A Limited Partner may transfer, with or without the consent of the General Partner, all or a portion of its Partnership Interest (i) in the case of a Limited Partner who is an individual, to a member of his Immediate Family, any trust formed for the benefit of himself and/or members of his Immediate Family, or any partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, corporation or other business entity comprised only of himself and/or members of his Immediate Family and entities the ownership interests in which are owned by or for the benefit of himself and/or members of his Immediate Family, (ii) in the case of a Limited

 

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Partner which is a trust, to the beneficiaries of such trust, (iii) in the case of a Limited Partner which is a partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, corporation or other business entity to which Units were transferred pursuant to clause (i) above, to its partners, owners or stockholders, as the case may be, who are members of the Immediate Family of or are actually the Person(s) who transferred Partnership Units to it pursuant to clause (i) above, (iv) in the case of a Limited Partner which acquired Partnership Units as of the date hereof and which is a partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, corporation or other business entity, to its partners, owners, stockholders or Affiliates thereof, as the case may be, or the Persons owning the beneficial interests in any of its partners, owners or stockholders or Affiliates thereof (it being understood that this clause (iv) will apply to all of each Person’s Interests whether the Partnership Units relating thereto were acquired on the date hereof or hereafter), (v) in the case of a Limited Partner which is a partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, corporation or other business entity other than any of the foregoing described in clause (iii) or (iv), in accordance with the terms of any agreement between such Limited Partner and the Partnership pursuant to which such Partnership Interest was issued, (vi) pursuant to a gift or other transfer without consideration, (vii) pursuant to applicable laws of descent or distribution, (viii) to another Limited Partner and (ix) pursuant to a grant of security interest or other encumbrance effectuated in a bona fide transaction or as a result of the exercise of remedies related thereto, subject to the provisions of Section 11.3.E hereof. A trust or other entity will be considered formed “for the benefit” of a Partner’s Immediate Family even though some other Person has a remainder interest under or with respect to such trust or other entity.

D. No Transfers Violating Securities Laws . The General Partner may prohibit any transfer of Partnership Units by a Limited Partner unless it receives a written opinion of legal counsel (which opinion and counsel shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Partnership) to such Limited Partner to the effect that such transfer would not require filing of a registration statement under the Securities Act or would not otherwise violate any federal or state securities laws or regulations applicable to the Partnership or the Partnership Unit or, at the option of the Partnership, an opinion of legal counsel to the Partnership to the same effect.

E. No Transfers to Holders of Nonrecourse Liabilities . No pledge or transfer of any Partnership Units may be made to a lender to the Partnership or any Person who is related (within the meaning of Section 1.752-4(b) of the Regulations) to any lender to the Partnership whose loan otherwise constitutes a Nonrecourse Liability unless (i) the General Partner is provided prior written notice thereof and (ii) the lender enters into an arrangement with the Partnership and the General Partner to exchange or redeem for the Redemption Amount any Partnership Units in which a security interest is held simultaneously with the time at which such lender would be deemed to be a partner in the Partnership for purposes of allocating liabilities to such lender under Section 752 of the Code.

Section 11.4 Substituted Limited Partners

A. Consent of General Partner . No Limited Partners shall have the right to substitute a transferee as a Limited Partner in its place. The General Partner shall, however, have the right to consent to the admission of a transferee of the interest of a Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 11.4 as a Substituted Limited Partner, which consent may be given or withheld by the

 

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General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion. The General Partner’s failure or refusal to permit a transferee of any such interests to become a Substituted Limited Partner shall not give rise to any cause of action against the Partnership, the General Partner or any Partner. The General Partner hereby grants its consent to the admission as a Substituted Limited Partner to any bona fide financial institution that loans money or otherwise extends credit to a holder of Partnership Units and thereafter becomes the owner of such Partnership Units pursuant to the exercise by such financial institution of its rights under a pledge of such Partnership Units granted in connection with such loan or extension of credit.

B. Rights of Substituted Partner . A transferee who has been admitted as a Substituted Limited Partner in accordance with this Article XI shall have all the rights and powers and be subject to all the restrictions and liabilities of a Limited Partner under this Agreement. The admission of any transferee as a Substituted Limited Partner shall be conditioned upon the transferee executing and delivering to the Partnership an acceptance of all the terms and conditions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, the provisions of Section 15.11 ) and such other documents or instruments as may be required to effect the admission.

C. Partner Registry . Upon the admission of a Substituted Limited Partner, the General Partner shall update the Partner Registry in the books and records of the Partnership as it deems necessary to reflect such admission in the Partner Registry.

Section 11.5 Assignees

If the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, does not consent to the admission of any permitted transferee under Section 11.3 as a Substituted Limited Partner, as described in Section 11.4 , such transferee shall be considered an Assignee for purposes of this Agreement. An Assignee shall be entitled to all the rights of an assignee of a limited partnership interest under the Act, including the right to receive distributions from the Partnership and the share of Net Income, Net Losses, gain, loss and Recapture Income attributable to the Partnership Units assigned to such transferee, and shall have the rights granted to the Limited Partners under Section 8.6 , but shall not be deemed to be a holder of Partnership Units for any other purpose under this Agreement, and shall not be entitled to vote such Partnership Units in any matter presented to the Limited Partners for a vote (such Partnership Units being deemed to have been voted on such matter in the same proportion as all other Partnership Units held by Limited Partners are voted). If any such transferee desires to make a further assignment of any such Partnership Units, such transferee shall be subject to all the provisions of this Article XI to the same extent and in the same manner as any Limited Partner desiring to make an assignment of Partnership Units.

Section 11.6 General Provisions

A. Withdrawal of Limited Partner . No Limited Partner may withdraw from the Partnership other than as a result of a permitted transfer of all of such Limited Partner’s Partnership Units in accordance with this Article XI or pursuant to redemption of all of its Partnership Units under Section 8.6 .

 

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B. Termination of Status as Limited Partner . Any Limited Partner who shall transfer all of its Partnership Units in a transfer permitted pursuant to this Article XI or pursuant to redemption of all of its Partnership Units under Section 8.6 shall cease to be a Limited Partner.

C. Timing of Transfers . Transfers pursuant to this Article XI may only be made upon three (3) Business Days prior notice to the General Partner, unless the General Partner otherwise agrees.

D. Allocations . If any Partnership Interest is transferred during any quarterly segment of the Partnership’s fiscal year in compliance with the provisions of this Article XI or redeemed or transferred pursuant to Section 8.6 , Net Income, Net Losses, each item thereof and all other items attributable to such interest for such fiscal year shall be divided and allocated between the transferor Partner and the transferee Partner by taking into account their varying interests during the fiscal year in accordance with Section 706(d) of the Code and corresponding Regulations, using the interim closing of the books method ( unless the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, elects to adopt a daily, weekly, or a monthly proration period, in which event Net Income, Net Losses, each item thereof and all other items attributable to such interest for such fiscal year shall be prorated based upon the applicable method selected by the General Partner). Solely for purposes of making such allocations, each of such items for the calendar month in which the transfer or redemption occurs shall be allocated to the Person who is a Partner as of midnight on the last day of said month. All distributions of Available Cash attributable to any Partnership Unit with respect to which the Partnership Record Date is before the date of such transfer, assignment or redemption shall be made to the transferor Partner or the Redeeming Partner, as the case may be, and, in the case of a transfer or assignment other than a redemption, all distributions of Available Cash thereafter attributable to such Partnership Unit shall be made to the transferee Partner.

E. Additional Restrictions . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, and in addition to any other restrictions on transfer herein contained, including, without limitation, the provisions of Article VII and this Article XI , in no event may any transfer or assignment of a Partnership Interest by any Partner (including pursuant to Section 8.6 ) be made without the express consent of the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, (i) to any person or entity who lacks the legal right, power or capacity to own a Partnership Interest; (ii) in violation of applicable law; (iii) of any component portion of a Partnership Interest, such as the Capital Account, or rights to distributions, separate and apart from all other components of a Partnership Interest; (iv) if in the opinion of legal counsel to the Partnership there is a significant risk that such transfer would cause a termination of the Partnership for U.S. federal or state income tax purposes (except as a result of the redemption or exchange for Shares of all Partnership Units held by all Limited Partners other than the General Partner, or any Subsidiary of either, or pursuant to a transaction expressly permitted under Section 7.11.B or Section 11.2 ); (v) if in the opinion of counsel to the Partnership, there is a significant risk that such transfer would cause the Partnership to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes or would result in a termination of the Partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes (except as a result of the redemption or exchange for Shares of all Units held by all Limited Partners other than the General Partner, or any Subsidiary of either, or pursuant to a transaction expressly permitted under Section 7.11.B or Section 11.2 ); (vi) if such transfer requires the

 

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registration of such Partnership Interest pursuant to any applicable federal or state securities laws; (vii) if such transfer is effectuated through an “established securities market” or a “secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof)” within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code or such transfer causes the Partnership to become a “publicly traded partnership,” as such term is defined in Section 469(k)(2) or Section 7704(b) of the Code ( provided , however , that, this clause (vii) shall not be the basis for limiting or restricting in any manner the exercise of the Redemption Right under Section 8.6 unless , and only to the extent that, outside tax counsel provides to the General Partner an opinion to the effect that, in the absence of such limitation or restriction, there is a significant risk that the Partnership will be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” and, by reason thereof, taxable as a corporation); (viii) if such transfer subjects the Partnership or the activities of the Partnership to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisors Act of 1940 or ERISA, each as amended; new (ix) if in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, there is a risk that such transfer would adversely affect the ability of the General Partner Entity to continue to qualify as a REIT or subject the General Partner Entity to any additional taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code.

F. Avoidance of “Publicly Traded Partnership” Status . The General Partner shall monitor the transfers of interests in the Partnership to determine (i) if such interests are being traded on an “established securities market” or a “secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof)” within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code and (ii) whether additional transfers of interests would result in the Partnership being unable to qualify for at least one of the “safe harbors” set forth in Regulations Section 1.7704-1 (or such other guidance subsequently published by the IRS setting forth safe harbors under which interests will not be treated as “readily tradable on a secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof)” within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code) (the “ Safe Harbors ”). The General Partner shall take all steps reasonably necessary or appropriate to prevent any trading of interests or any recognition by the Partnership of transfers made on such markets and, except as otherwise provided herein, to insure that at least one of the Safe Harbors is met; provided , however , that the foregoing shall not authorize the General Partner to limit or restrict in any manner the right of any holder of a Partnership Unit to exercise the Redemption Right in accordance with the terms of Section 8.6 unless , and only to the extent that, outside tax counsel provides to the General Partner an opinion to the effect that, in the absence of such limitation or restriction, there is a significant risk that the Partnership will be treated as a “publicly traded partnership” and, by reason thereof, taxable as a corporation.

ARTICLE XII

ADMISSION OF PARTNERS

Section 12.1 Admission of a Successor General Partner

A successor to all of the General Partner’s General Partner Interest pursuant to Section 11.2 who is proposed to be admitted as a successor General Partner shall be admitted to the Partnership as the General Partner, effective upon such transfer. Any such successor shall

 

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carry on the business of the Partnership without dissolution. In such case, the admission shall be subject to such successor General Partner executing and delivering to the Partnership an acceptance of all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement and such other documents or instruments as may be required to effect the admission.

Section 12.2 Admission of Additional Limited Partners

A. General . No Person shall be admitted as an Additional Limited Partner without the consent of the General Partner, which consent shall be given or withheld in the General Partner’s sole and absolute discretion. A Person who makes a Capital Contribution to the Partnership in accordance with this Agreement or who exercises an option to receive Partnership Units shall be admitted to the Partnership as an Additional Limited Partner only with the consent of the General Partner and only upon furnishing to the General Partner (i) evidence of acceptance in form satisfactory to the General Partner of all of the terms and conditions of this Agreement, including, without limitation, the power of attorney granted in Section 15.11 and (ii) such other documents or instruments as may be required in the discretion of the General Partner to effect such Person’s admission as an Additional Limited Partner. The admission of any Person as an Additional Limited Partner shall become effective on the date upon which the name of such Person is recorded on the books and records of the Partnership, following the consent of the General Partner to such admission.

B. Allocations to Additional Limited Partners . If any Additional Limited Partner is admitted to the Partnership on any day other than the first day of a Fiscal Year, then Net Income, Net Losses, each item thereof and all other items allocable among Partners and Assignees for such Fiscal Year shall be allocated among such Additional Limited Partner and all other Partners and Assignees by taking into account their varying interests during the Fiscal Year in accordance with Section 706(d) of the Code, using the interim closing of the books method ( unless the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, elects to adopt a daily, weekly or monthly proration method, in which event Net Income, Net Losses, and each item thereof would be prorated based upon the applicable period selected by the General Partner). Solely for purposes of making such allocations, each of such items for the calendar month in which an admission of any Additional Limited Partner occurs shall be allocated among all the Partners and Assignees including such Additional Limited Partner. All distributions of Available Cash with respect to which the Partnership Record Date is before the date of such admission shall be made solely to Partners and Assignees other than the Additional Limited Partner, and all distributions of Available Cash thereafter shall be made to all the Partners and Assignees including such Additional Limited Partner.

Section 12.3 Amendment of Agreement and Certificate of Limited Partnership

For the admission to the Partnership of any Partner, the General Partner shall take all steps necessary and appropriate under the Act to amend the records of the Partnership and, if necessary, to prepare as soon as practical an amendment of this Agreement (including an amendment to the Partner Registry) and, if required by law, shall prepare and file an amendment to the Certificate of Limited Partnership and may for this purpose exercise the power of attorney granted pursuant to Section 15.11 hereof.

 

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ARTICLE XIII

DISSOLUTION AND LIQUIDATION

Section 13.1 Dissolution

The Partnership shall not be dissolved by the admission of Substituted Limited Partners or Additional Limited Partners or by the admission of a successor General Partner in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. Upon the withdrawal of the General Partner, any successor General Partner shall continue the business of the Partnership. The Partnership shall dissolve, and its affairs shall be wound up, upon the first to occur of any of the following (“ Liquidating Events ”):

 

  (i) an event of withdrawal of the General Partner (other than pursuant to Section 11.2.B(iv) ) unless within ninety (90) days after the withdrawal, the written Consent of the Outside Limited Partners to continue the business of the Partnership and to the appointment, effective as of the date of withdrawal, of a substitute General Partner is obtained;

 

  (ii) an election to dissolve the Partnership made by the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion;

 

  (iii) entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of the Partnership pursuant to the provisions of the Act;

 

  (iv) ninety (90) days after the sale of all or substantially all of the assets and properties of the Partnership for cash or for marketable securities;

 

  (v) the redemption of all Partnership Units other than those held by the General Partner; or

 

  (vi) a final and non-appealable judgment is entered by a court of competent jurisdiction ruling that the General Partner is bankrupt or insolvent, or a final and non-appealable order for relief is entered by a court with appropriate jurisdiction against the General Partner, in each case under any federal or state bankruptcy or insolvency laws as now or hereafter in effect, unless prior to or at the time of the entry of such order or judgment, the written Consent of the Outside Limited Partners is obtained to continue the business of the Partnership and to the appointment, effective as of a date prior to the date of such order or judgment, of a substitute General Partner.

Section 13.2 Winding Up

A. General . Upon the occurrence of a Liquidating Event, the Partnership shall continue solely for the purposes of winding up its affairs in an orderly manner, liquidating its assets, and satisfying the claims of its creditors and Partners. No Partner shall take any action

 

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that is inconsistent with, or not necessary to or appropriate for, the winding up of the Partnership’s business and affairs. The General Partner (or, if there is no remaining General Partner, any Person elected by a majority in interest of the Limited Partners (the “ Liquidator ”)) shall be responsible for overseeing the winding up and dissolution of the Partnership and shall take full account of the Partnership’s liabilities and property and the Partnership property shall be liquidated as promptly as is consistent with obtaining the fair value thereof, and the proceeds therefrom (which may, to the extent determined by the General Partner, include equity or other securities of the General Partner or any other entity) shall be applied and distributed in the following order:

 

  (1) First, to the payment and discharge of all of the Partnership’s debts and liabilities to creditors other than the Partners;

 

  (2) Second, to the payment and discharge of all of the Partnership’s debts and liabilities to the General Partner;

 

  (3) Third, to the payment and discharge of all of the Partnership’s debts and liabilities to the Limited Partners;

 

  (4) Fourth, to the holders of Partnership Interests that are entitled to any preference in distribution upon liquidation in accordance with the rights of any such class or series of Partnership Interests (and, within each such class or series, to each holder thereof pro rata based on its Percentage Interest in such class); and

 

  (5) The balance, if any, to the Partners in accordance with their Capital Accounts, after giving effect to all contributions, distributions, and allocations for all periods.

The General Partner shall not receive any additional compensation for any services performed pursuant to this Article XIII .

B. Deferred Liquidation . Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13.2.A which require liquidation of the assets of the Partnership, but subject to the order of priorities set forth therein, if prior to or upon dissolution of the Partnership the Liquidator determines that an immediate sale of part or all of the Partnership’s assets would be impractical or would cause undue loss to the Partners, the Liquidator may, in its sole and absolute discretion, defer for a reasonable time the liquidation of any assets except those necessary to satisfy liabilities of the Partnership (including to those Partners as creditors) or distribute to the Partners, in lieu of cash, as tenants in common and in accordance with the provisions of Section 13.2.A , undivided interests in such Partnership assets as the Liquidator deems not suitable for liquidation. Any such distributions in kind shall be made only if, in the good faith judgment of the Liquidator, such distributions in kind are in the best interest of the Partners, and shall be subject to such conditions relating to the disposition and management of such properties as the Liquidator deems reasonable and equitable and to any agreements governing the operation of such properties at such time. The Liquidator shall determine the fair market value of any property distributed in kind using such reasonable method of valuation as it may adopt.

 

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Section 13.3 Compliance With Timing Requirements of Regulations; Restoration of Deficit Capital Accounts

A. Timing of Distributions . If the Partnership is “liquidated” within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g), distributions shall be made under this Article XIII to the General Partner and Limited Partners who have positive Capital Accounts in compliance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(b)(2). In the discretion of the General Partner, a pro rata portion of the distributions that would otherwise be made to the General Partner and Limited Partners pursuant to this Article XIII may be: (A) distributed to a trust established for the benefit of the General Partner and Limited Partners for the purposes of liquidating Partnership assets, collecting amounts owed to the Partnership and paying any contingent or unforeseen liabilities or obligations of the Partnership or of the General Partner arising out of or in connection with the Partnership (in which case the assets of any such trust shall be distributed to the General Partner and Limited Partners from time to time, in the reasonable discretion of the General Partner, in the same proportions as the amount distributed to such trust by the Partnership would otherwise have been distributed to the General Partner and Limited Partners pursuant to this Agreement); or (B) withheld to provide a reasonable reserve for Partnership liabilities (contingent or otherwise) and to reflect the unrealized portion of any installment obligations owed to the Partnership; provided , however , that such withheld amounts shall be distributed to the General Partner and Limited Partners as soon as practicable.

B. Restoration of Deficit Capital Accounts Upon Liquidation of the Partnership . If any Partner has a deficit balance in its Capital Account (after giving effect to all contributions, distributions and allocations for all taxable years, including the year during which such liquidation occurs), such Partner shall have no obligation to make any contribution to the capital of the Partnership with respect to such deficit, and such deficit shall not be considered a debt owed to the Partnership or to any other Person for any purpose whatsoever, except as otherwise set forth in this Section 13.3.B , or as otherwise expressly agreed in writing by the affected Partner and the Partnership after the date hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) if the General Partner has a deficit balance in its Capital Account (after giving effect to all contributions, distributions, and allocations for all Partnership years or portions thereof, including the year during which such liquidation occurs), the General Partner shall contribute to the capital of the Partnership the amount necessary to restore such deficit balance to zero in compliance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(b)(3); (ii) if a DRO Partner has a deficit balance in its Capital Account (after giving effect to all contributions, distributions, and allocations for all Partnership Years or portions thereof, including the year during which such liquidation occurs), such DRO Partner shall be obligated to make a contribution to the Partnership with respect to any such deficit balance in such DRO Partner’s Capital Account upon a liquidation of the Partnership in an amount equal to the lesser of such deficit balance or such DRO Partner’s DRO Amount; and (iii) the first sentence of this Section 13.3.B shall not apply with respect to any other Partner to the extent, but only to such extent, that such Partner previously has agreed in writing, with the consent of the General Partner, to undertake an express obligation to restore all or any portion of a deficit that may exist in its Capital Account upon a liquidation of the Partnership. No Limited Partner shall have any right to become a DRO Partner, to increase its DRO Amount, or otherwise agree to restore any portion of any deficit that may exist in its Capital Account without the express written consent of the General Partner, in its

 

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sole and absolute discretion. Any contribution required of a Partner under this Section 13.3.B . shall be made on or before the later of (i) the end of the Partnership Year in which the interest is liquidated or (ii) the ninetieth (90th) day following the date of such liquidation. The proceeds of any contribution to the Partnership made by a DRO Partner with respect to a deficit in such DRO Partner’s Capital Account balance shall be treated as a Capital Contribution by such DRO Partner and the proceeds thereof shall be treated as assets of the Partnership to be applied as set forth in Section 13.2.A .

C. Restoration of Deficit Capital Accounts Upon a Liquidation of a Partner’s Interest by Transfer . If a DRO Partner’s interest in the Partnership is “liquidated” within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g) (other than in connection with a liquidation of the Partnership) which term shall include a redemption by the Partnership of such DRO Partner’s interest upon exercise of the Redemption Right, and such DRO Partner is designated on Exhibit E as Part II DRO Partner, such DRO Partner shall be required to contribute cash to the Partnership equal to the lesser of (i) the amount required to increase its Capital Account balance as of such date to zero, or (ii) such DRO Partner’s DRO Amount. For this purpose, (i) the DRO Partner’s deficit Capital Account balance shall be determined by taking into account all contributions, distributions, and allocations for the portion of the Fiscal Year ending on the date of the liquidation or redemption, and (ii) solely for purposes of determining such DRO Partner’s Capital Account balance, the General Partner shall redetermine the Carrying Value of the Partnership’s assets on such date based upon the principles set forth in Sections 1.D.(3) and (4)  of Exhibit B hereto, and shall take into account the DRO Partner’s allocable share of any Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss resulting from such redetermination in determining the balance of its Capital Account. The amount of any payment required hereunder shall be due and payable within the time period specified in the second to last sentence of Section 13.3.B .

D. Effect of the Death of a DRO Partner . After the death of a DRO Partner who is an individual, the executor of the estate of such DRO Partner may elect to reduce (or eliminate) the DRO Amount of such DRO Partner. Such elections may be made by such executor by delivering to the General Partner within two hundred and seventy (270) days of the death of such Limited Partner, a written notice setting forth the maximum deficit balance in its Capital Account that such executor agrees to restore under this Section 13.3 , if any. If such executor does not make a timely election pursuant to this Section 13.3 (whether or not the balance in the applicable Capital Account is negative at such time), then the DRO Partner’s estate (and the beneficiaries thereof who receive distributions of Partnership Interests therefrom) shall be deemed a DRO Partner with a DRO Amount in the same amount as the deceased DRO Partner. Any DRO Partner which itself is a partnership for U.S. federal income tax purposes may likewise elect, after the date of its partner’s death to reduce (or eliminate) its DRO Amount by delivering a similar notice to the General Partner within the time period specified above, and in the absence of any such notice the DRO Amount of such DRO Partner shall not be reduced to reflect the death of any of its partners.

Section 13.4 Rights of Limited Partners

Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, each Limited Partner shall look solely to the assets of the Partnership for the return of its Capital Contributions and shall have no right or

 

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power to demand or receive property other than cash from the Partnership. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, no Limited Partner shall have priority over any other Limited Partner as to the return of its Capital Contributions, distributions, or allocations.

Section 13.5 Notice of Dissolution

If a Liquidating Event occurs or an event occurs that would, but for provisions of an election or objection by one or more Partners pursuant to Section 13.1 , result in a dissolution of the Partnership, the General Partner shall, within thirty (30) days thereafter, provide written notice thereof to each of the Partners and to all other parties with whom the Partnership regularly conducts business (as determined in the discretion of the General Partner).

Section 13.6 Cancellation of Certificate of Limited Partnership

Upon the completion of the liquidation of the Partnership cash and property as provided in Section 13.2 , the Partnership shall be terminated and the Certificate of Limited Partnership and all qualifications of the Partnership as a foreign limited partnership in jurisdictions other than the State of Delaware shall be canceled and such other actions as may be necessary to terminate the Partnership shall be taken.

Section 13.7 Reasonable Time for Winding Up

A reasonable time shall be allowed for the orderly winding up of the business and affairs of the Partnership and the liquidation of its assets pursuant to Section 13.2 , to minimize any losses otherwise attendant upon such winding-up, and the provisions of this Agreement shall remain in effect among the Partners during the period of liquidation.

Section 13.8 Waiver of Partition

Each Partner hereby waives any right to partition of the Partnership property.

Section 13.9 Liability Of Liquidator

The Liquidator shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Partnership in the same manner and to the same degree as an Indemnitee may be indemnified pursuant to Section 7.7 .

ARTICLE XIV

AMENDMENT OF PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT; MEETINGS

Section 14.1 Amendments

A. General . Amendments to this Agreement may be proposed by the General Partner or by any Limited Partner holding Partnership Interests representing twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the Percentage Interest of the Class A Units. Following such proposal (except an amendment governed by Section 14.1.B ), the General Partner shall submit any proposed amendment to the Limited Partners. The General Partner shall seek the written Consent of the

 

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Partners as set forth in this Section 14.1 on the proposed amendment or shall call a meeting to vote thereon and to transact any other business that it may deem appropriate. For purposes of obtaining a written Consent, the General Partner may require a response within a reasonable specified time, but not less than fifteen (15) days, any failure to respond in such time period shall constitute a vote in favor of the recommendation of the General Partner. A proposed amendment shall be adopted and be effective as an amendment hereto if it is approved by the General Partner and, except as provided in Section 14.1.B, 14.1.C or 14.1.D , it receives the Consent of the Partners holding Partnership Interests representing more than fifty percent (50%) of the Percentage Interest of the Class A Units (including Class A Units held by the General Partner).

B. Amendments Not Requiring Limited Partner Approval . Notwithstanding Section 14.1.A but subject to Section 14.1.C , the General Partner shall have the power, without the Consent of the Limited Partners, to amend this Agreement as may be required to facilitate or implement any of the following purposes:

 

  (1) to add to the obligations of the General Partner or surrender any right or power granted to the General Partner or any Affiliate of the General Partner for the benefit of the Limited Partners;

 

  (2) to reflect the admission, substitution, termination, or withdrawal of Partners in accordance with this Agreement (which may be effected through the replacement of the Partner Registry with an amended Partner Registry);

 

  (3) to set forth the designations, rights, powers, duties, and preferences of the holders of any additional Partnership Interests issued pursuant to Article IV ;

 

  (4) to reflect a change that does not adversely affect the Limited Partners in any material respect, or to cure any ambiguity, correct or supplement any provision in this Agreement not inconsistent with law or with other provisions of this Agreement, or make other changes with respect to matters arising under this Agreement that will not be inconsistent with law or with the provisions of this Agreement;

 

  (5) to satisfy any requirements, conditions, or guidelines contained in any order, directive, opinion, ruling or regulation of a federal, state or local agency or contained in federal, state or local law;

 

  (6) to modify the method by which Partners’ Capital Accounts, or any debits or credits thereto, are computed, in each case in accordance with Section 1.E of Exhibit B to this Agreement; and

 

  (7)

to include provisions in the Agreement that may be referenced in any rulings, regulations, notices, announcements, or other guidance regarding the federal income tax treatment of compensatory partnership interests issued and made effective after the date hereof or in connection with any elections that the General Partner determines to be necessary or advisable in respect of any such guidance. Any such amendment may include, without limitation, (a) a provision authorizing

 

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or directing the General Partner to make any election under such guidance, (b) a covenant by the Partnership that all of the Partners must (I) comply with the such guidance and (II) take all actions (or, as the case may be, not take any action) necessary, including providing the Partnership with any required information, to permit the Partnership to comply with the requirements set forth or referred to in the Regulations for such election or other related guidance from the IRS, and (c) an amendment to the capital account maintenance provisions and the allocation provisions contained in Exhibit B or Exhibit C of this Agreement so that such provisions comply with (I) the provisions of the Code and the Treasury Regulations as they apply to the issuance of compensatory partnership interests and (II) the requirements of such guidance and any election made by the General Partner with respect thereto, including, a provision requiring “forfeiture allocations” as appropriate.

The General Partner shall notify the Limited Partners in writing when any action under this Section 14.1.B is taken in the next regular communication to the Limited Partners or within ninety (90) days of the date thereof, whichever is earlier.

C. Amendments Requiring Limited Partner Approval (Excluding the General Partner) . Notwithstanding Sections 14.1.A and 14.1.B , without the Consent of the Outside Limited Partners, the General Partner shall not amend Section 4.2.A , Section 7.1.A (second sentence only), Section 7.5 , Section 7.6 , Section 7.8 , Section 7.11.B , Section 11.2 , Section 13.1 , the last sentence of Section 11.4.A ( provided , however , that no such amendment shall in any event adversely affect the rights of any lender who made a loan or who extended credit and received in connection therewith a pledge of Partnership Units prior to the date such amendment is adopted unless , and only to the extent such lender consents thereto), this Section 14.1.C or Section 14.2 .

D. Other Amendments Requiring Certain Limited Partner Approval . Notwithstanding anything in this Section 14.1 to the contrary, this Agreement shall not be amended with respect to any Partner adversely affected without the Consent of such Partner adversely affected, or to any Assignee who is a bona fide financial institution that loans money or otherwise extends credit to a holder of Partnership Units that is adversely affected, but in either case only if such amendment would (i) convert such Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership into a general partner’s interest, (ii) modify the limited liability of such Limited Partner, (iii) amend Section 7.11.A , (iv) amend Article V or Article VI (except as permitted pursuant to Sections 4.2, 5.4, 6.2 and 14.1.B (3)), (v) amend Section 8.6 or any defined terms set forth in Article I that relate to the Redemption Right (except as permitted in Section 8.6.E ), or (vi) amend Sections 11.3 or 11.5 , or add any additional restrictions to Section 11.6.E or amend Section 14.1.B(4)  or this Section 14.1.D .

E. Amendment and Restatement of Partner Registry Not an Amendment . Notwithstanding anything in this Article XIV or elsewhere in this Agreement to the contrary, any amendment and restatement of the Partner Registry by the General Partner to reflect events or changes otherwise authorized or permitted by this Agreement shall not be deemed an amendment of this Agreement and may be done at any time and from time to time, as determined by the General Partner without the Consent of the Limited Partners and without any notice requirement.

 

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Section 14.2 Meetings of the Partners

A. General . Meetings of the Partners may be called by the General Partner and shall be called upon the receipt by the General Partner of a written request by Limited Partners holding Partnership Interests representing twenty-five percent (25%) or more of the Percentage Interest of the Class A Units. The call shall state the nature of the business to be transacted. Notice of any such meeting shall be given to all Partners not less than seven (7) days nor more than thirty (30) days prior to the date of such meeting. Partners entitled to vote may vote in person or by proxy at such meeting. Whenever the vote or Consent of Partners is permitted or required under this Agreement, such vote or Consent may be given at a meeting of Partners or may be given in accordance with the procedure prescribed in Section 14.1.A . Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, the Consent of holders of Partnership Interests representing a majority of the Percentage Interests of the Class A Units shall control (including Class A Units held by the General Partner).

B. Actions Without a Meeting . Except as otherwise expressly provided by this Agreement, any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Partners may be taken without a meeting if a written consent setting forth the action so taken is signed by Partners holding Partnership Interests representing more than fifty percent (50%) (or such other percentage as is expressly required by this Agreement) of the Percentage Interest of the Class A Units. Such consent may be in one instrument or in several instruments, and shall have the same force and effect as a vote of Partners. Such consent shall be filed with the General Partner. An action so taken shall be deemed to have been taken at a meeting held on the date on which written consents from the Partners holding the required Percentage Interest of the Class A Units have been filed with the General Partner.

C. Proxy . Each Limited Partner may authorize any Person or Persons to act for him by proxy on all matters in which a Limited Partner is entitled to participate, including waiving notice of any meeting, or voting or participating at a meeting. Every proxy must be signed by the Limited Partner or its attorney-in-fact. No proxy shall be valid after the expiration of eleven (11) months from the date thereof unless otherwise provided in the proxy. Every proxy shall be revocable at the pleasure of the Limited Partner executing it, such revocation to be effective upon the Partnership’s receipt of written notice thereof.

D. Conduct of Meeting . Each meeting of Partners shall be conducted by the General Partner or such other Person as the General Partner may appoint pursuant to such rules for the conduct of the meeting as the General Partner or such other Person deems appropriate.

 

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ARTICLE XV

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Section 15.1 Addresses and Notice

Any notice, demand, request or report required or permitted to be given or made to a Partner or Assignee under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed given or made when delivered in person, when sent by first class United States mail or by other means of written communication (including, but not limited to, via e-mail) to the Partner or Assignee at the address set forth in the Partner Registry or such other address as the Partners shall notify the General Partner in writing.

Section 15.2 Titles and Captions

All article or section titles or captions in this Agreement are for convenience only. They shall not be deemed part of this Agreement and in no way define, limit, extend or describe the scope or intent of any provisions hereof. Except as specifically provided otherwise, references to “Articles” “Sections” and “Exhibits” are to Articles, Sections and Exhibits of this Agreement.

Section 15.3 Pronouns And Plurals

Whenever the context may require, any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms, and the singular form of nouns, pronouns and verbs shall include the plural and vice versa.

Section 15.4 Further Action

The parties shall execute and deliver all documents, provide all information and take or refrain from taking action as may be necessary or appropriate to achieve the purposes of this Agreement.

Section 15.5 Binding Effect

This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their heirs, executors, administrators, successors, legal representatives and permitted assigns.

Section 15.6 Creditors

Other than as expressly set forth herein with regard to any Indemnitee, none of the provisions of this Agreement shall be for the benefit of, or shall be enforceable by, any creditor of the Partnership.

Section 15.7 Waiver

No failure by any party to insist upon the strict performance of any covenant, duty, agreement or condition of this Agreement or to exercise any right or remedy consequent upon a breach thereof shall constitute waiver of any such breach or any other covenant, duty, agreement or condition.

 

64


Section 15.8 Counterparts

This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, all of which together shall constitute one agreement binding on all the parties hereto, notwithstanding that all such parties are not signatories to the original or the same counterpart. Each party shall become bound by this Agreement immediately upon affixing its signature hereto.

Section 15.9 Applicable Law

This Agreement shall be construed and enforced in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to the principles of conflicts of law.

Section 15.10 Invalidity Of Provisions

If any provision of this Agreement is or becomes invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions contained herein shall not be affected thereby.

Section 15.11 Power Of Attorney

A. General . Each Limited Partner and each Assignee who accepts Partnership Units (or any rights, benefits or privileges associated therewith) is deemed to irrevocably constitute and appoint the General Partner, any Liquidator and authorized officers and attorneys-in-fact of each, and each of those acting singly, in each case with full power of substitution, as its true and lawful agent and attorney-in-fact, with full power and authority in its name, place and stead to:

 

  (1) execute, swear to, acknowledge, deliver, file and record in the appropriate public offices (a) all certificates, documents and other instruments (including, without limitation, this Agreement and the Certificate of Limited Partnership and all amendments or restatements thereof) that the General Partner or any Liquidator deems appropriate or necessary to form, qualify or continue the existence or qualification of the Partnership as a limited partnership (or a partnership in which the limited partners have limited liability) in the State of Delaware and in all other jurisdictions in which the Partnership may conduct business or own property, (b) all instruments that the General Partner or any Liquidator deems appropriate or necessary to reflect any amendment, change, modification or restatement of this Agreement in accordance with its terms, (c) all conveyances and other instruments or documents that the General Partner or any Liquidator deems appropriate or necessary to reflect the dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership pursuant to the terms of this Agreement, including, without limitation, a certificate of cancellation, (d) all instruments relating to the admission, withdrawal, removal or substitution of any Partner pursuant to, or other events described in, Article XI , XII or XIII hereof or the Capital Contribution of any Partner and (e) all certificates, documents and other instruments relating to the determination of the rights, preferences and privileges of Partnership Interests; and

 

65


  (2) execute, swear to, acknowledge and file all ballots, consents, approvals, waivers, certificates and other instruments appropriate or necessary, in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner or any Liquidator, to make, evidence, give, confirm or ratify any vote, consent, approval, agreement or other action which is made or given by the Partners hereunder or is consistent with the terms of this Agreement or appropriate or necessary, in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner or any Liquidator, to effectuate the terms or intent of this Agreement.

Nothing contained in this Section 15.11 shall be construed as authorizing the General Partner or any Liquidator to amend this Agreement except in accordance with Article XIV hereof or as may be otherwise expressly provided for in this Agreement.

B. Irrevocable Nature . The foregoing power of attorney is hereby declared to be irrevocable and a power coupled with an interest, in recognition of the fact that each of the Partners will be relying upon the power of the General Partner or any Liquidator to act as contemplated by this Agreement in any filing or other action by it on behalf of the Partnership, and it shall survive and not be affected by the subsequent Incapacity of any Limited Partner or Assignee and the transfer of all or any portion of such Limited Partner’s or Assignee’s Partnership Units and shall extend to such Limited Partner’s or Assignee’s heirs, successors, assigns and personal representatives. Each such Limited Partner or Assignee hereby agrees to be bound by any representation made by the General Partner or any Liquidator, acting in good faith pursuant to such power of attorney; and each such Limited Partner or Assignee hereby waives any and all defenses which may be available to contest, negate or disaffirm the action of the General Partner or any Liquidator, taken in good faith under such power of attorney. Each Limited Partner or Assignee shall execute and deliver to the General Partner or the Liquidator, within fifteen (15) days after receipt of the General Partner’s or Liquidator’s request therefor, such further designation, powers of attorney and other instruments as the General Partner or the Liquidator, as the case may be, deems necessary to effectuate this Agreement and the purposes of the Partnership.

Section 15.12 Entire Agreement

This Agreement contains the entire understanding and agreement among the Partners with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes any prior written oral understandings or agreements among them with respect thereto.

Section 15.13 No Rights As Shareholders

Nothing contained in this Agreement shall be construed as conferring upon the holders of the Partnership Units any rights whatsoever as shareholders of the General Partner Entity, including, without limitation, any right to receive dividends or other distributions made to shareholders of the General Partner Entity, or to vote or to consent or receive notice as shareholders in respect to any meeting of shareholders for the election of trustees (or directors, if applicable) of the General Partner Entity or any other matter.

 

66


Section 15.14 Limitation To Preserve REIT Status

To the extent that any amount paid or credited to the General Partner Entity or any of its officers, trustees, employees or agents pursuant to Section 7.4 or Section 7.7 would constitute gross income to the General Partner Entity for purposes of Section 856(c)(2) or 856(c)(3) of the Code (a “ General Partner Payment ”) then, notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the amount of such General Partner Payment for any Fiscal Year shall not exceed the lesser of:

(i) an amount equal to the excess, if any, of (a) 4% of the General Partner Entity’s total gross income (within the meaning of Section 856(c)(3) of the Code but not including the amount of any General Partner Payments) for the Fiscal Year which is described in subsections (A) though (H) of Section 856(c)(2) of the Code over (b) the amount of gross income (within the meaning of Section 856(c)(2) of the Code) derived by the General Partner Entity from sources other than those described in subsections (A) through (H) of Section 856(c)(2) of the Code (but not including the amount of any General Partner Payments); or

(ii) an amount equal to the excess, if any of (a) 24% of the General Partner Entity’s total gross income (but not including the amount of any General Partner Payments) for the Fiscal Year which is described in subsections (A) through (I) of Section 856(c)(3) of the Code over (b) the amount of gross income (within the meaning of Section 856(c)(3) of the Code but not including the amount of any General Partner Payments) derived by the General Partner Entity from sources other than those described in subsections (A) through (I) of Section 856(c)(3) of the Code;

provided , however , that General Partner Payments in excess of the amounts set forth in subparagraphs (i) and (ii) above may be made if the General Partner Entity, as a condition precedent, obtains an opinion of tax counsel that the receipt of such excess amounts would not adversely affect the General Partner Entity’s ability to qualify as a REIT. To the extent General Partner Payments may not be made in a given Fiscal Year due to the foregoing limitations, such General Partner Payments shall carry over and be treated as arising in the following year; provided , however , that such amounts shall not carry over for more than five (5) Fiscal Years, and if not paid within such five (5) Fiscal Year period, shall expire; and provided further that (i) as General Partner Payments are made, such payments shall be applied first to carry over amounts outstanding, if any, and (ii) with respect to carry over amounts for more than one Fiscal Year, such payments shall be applied to the earliest Fiscal Year first.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank, signature page follows]

 

67


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

GENERAL PARTNER:

CHESAPEAKE LODGING TRUST, a

Maryland real estate investment trust

By:  

 

  Name:  
  Title:  
LIMITED PARTNERS
By:   CHESAPEAKE LODGING TRUST , a Maryland real estate investment trust,
  as Attorney-in-Fact for the Limited Partners
   By:  

 

    Name:
    Title:

[Signatures continue on the next page]

 

S-1


For purposes of Section 8.6 hereof:

CHESAPEAKE LODGING TRUST , a

Maryland real estate investment trust

 

By:

 

 

   

Name:

   

Title:

[End of signatures]

 

S-2


EXHIBIT A

FORM OF PARTNER REGISTRY

 

     CLASS A AND CLASS B UNITS  

Name And Address Of Partner

   Partnership
Units
   Initial Capital
Account
   Percentage
Interest (1)
 

GENERAL PARTNER :

        

Chesapeake Lodging Trust

        

LIMITED PARTNERS :

        

Chesapeake Lodging Trust

        

CHSP LLC

        

TOTAL CLASS A AND CLASS B UNITS

         100.00000

 

NOTES :

 

(1) For purposes of this calculation, the Class A Units and Class B Units are treated as a single class.

 

Ex. A.


EXHIBIT B

CAPITAL ACCOUNT MAINTENANCE

 

1. Capital Accounts of the Partners

A. The Partnership shall maintain for each Partner a separate Capital Account in accordance with the rules of Regulations Section l.704-l(b)(2)(iv). Such Capital Account shall be increased by (i) the amount of all Capital Contributions and any other deemed contributions made by such Partner to the Partnership pursuant to this Agreement and (ii) all items of Partnership income and gain (including income and gain exempt from tax) computed in accordance with Section 1.B hereof and allocated to such Partner pursuant to Section 6.1 of the Agreement and Exhibit C thereof, and decreased by (x) the amount of cash or Agreed Value of property actually distributed or deemed to be distributed to such Partner pursuant to this Agreement and (y) all items of Partnership deduction and loss computed in accordance with Section 1.B hereof and allocated to such Partner pursuant to Section 6.1 of the Agreement and Exhibit C thereof.

B For purposes of computing the amount of any item of income, gain, deduction or loss to be reflected in the Partners’ Capital Accounts, unless otherwise specified in this Agreement, the determination, recognition and classification of any such item shall be the same as its determination, recognition and classification for federal income tax purposes determined in accordance with Section 703(a) of the Code (for this purpose all items of income, gain, loss or deduction required to be stated separately pursuant to Section 703(a)(1) of the Code shall be included in taxable income or loss), with the following adjustments:

(1) Except as otherwise provided in Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m), the computation of all items of income, gain, loss and deduction shall be made without regard to any adjustments to the adjusted bases of the assets of the Partnership pursuant to Sections 734(b) and 743(b) of the Code, provided , however , that the amounts of any adjustments to the adjusted bases of the assets of the Partnership made pursuant to Section 734 of the Code as a result of the distribution of property by the Partnership to a Partner (to the extent that such adjustments have not previously been reflected in the Partners’ Capital Accounts) shall be reflected in the Capital Accounts of the Partners in the manner and subject to the limitations prescribed in Regulations Section l.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(m)(4).

(2) The computation of all items of income, gain, and deduction shall be made without regard to the fact that items described in Sections 705(a)(l)(B) or 705(a)(2)(B) of the Code are not includible in gross income or are neither currently deductible nor capitalized for federal income tax purposes.

 

Ex. B-1


(3) Any income, gain or loss attributable to the taxable disposition of any Partnership property shall be determined as if the adjusted basis of such property as of such date of disposition were equal in amount to the Partnership’s Carrying Value with respect to such property as of such date.

(4) In lieu of the depreciation, amortization, and other cost recovery deductions taken into account in computing such taxable income or loss, there shall be taken into account Depreciation for such fiscal year.

(5) In the event the Carrying Value of any Partnership asset is adjusted pursuant to Section 1.D hereof, the amount of any such adjustment shall be taken into account as gain or loss from the disposition of such asset.

(6) Any items specially allocated under Section 2 of Exhibit C to the Agreement hereof shall not be taken into account.

C. A transferee (including any Assignee) of a Partnership Unit shall succeed to a pro rata portion of the Capital Account of the transferor in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(l).

D. (1) Consistent with the provisions of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f), and as provided in Section 1.D(2) , the Carrying Values of all Partnership assets shall be adjusted upward or downward to reflect any Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss attributable to such Partnership property, as of the times of the adjustments provided in Section 1.D(2)  hereof, as if such Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss had been recognized on an actual sale of each such property and allocated pursuant to Section 6.1 of the Agreement.

(2) Such adjustments shall be made as of the following times: (a) immediately prior to the acquisition of an additional interest in the Partnership by any new or existing Partner in exchange for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution; (b) immediately prior to the distribution by the Partnership to a Partner of more than a de minimis amount of property as consideration for an interest in the Partnership; and (c) immediately prior to the liquidation of the Partnership within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-l(b)(2)(ii)(g), provided , however , that adjustments pursuant to clauses (a) and (b) above shall be made only if the General Partner determines that such adjustments are necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic interests of the Partners in the Partnership.

(3) In accordance with Regulations Section 1.704- l(b)(2)(iv)(e), the Carrying Value of Partnership assets distributed in kind shall be adjusted upward or downward to reflect any Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss attributable to such Partnership property, as of the time any such asset is distributed.

(4) In determining Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss for purposes of this Exhibit B , the aggregate cash amount and fair market value of all Partnership assets (including cash or cash equivalents) shall be determined by the General Partner using such reasonable method of valuation as it may adopt, or in the case of a liquidating distribution pursuant to Article XIII of the Agreement, shall be determined and allocated by the Liquidator using such reasonable methods of valuation as it may adopt. The General Partner, or the Liquidator, as the

 

Ex. B-2


case may be, shall allocate such aggregate fair market value among the assets of the Partnership in such manner as it determines in its sole and absolute discretion to arrive at a fair market value for individual properties.

E. The provisions of the Agreement (including this Exhibit B and the other Exhibits to the Agreement) relating to the maintenance of Capital Accounts are intended to comply with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b), and shall be interpreted and applied in a manner consistent with such Regulations. In the event the General Partner shall determine that it is prudent to modify the manner in which the Capital Accounts, or any debits or credits thereto (including, without limitation, debits or credits relating to liabilities which are secured by contributed or distributed property or which are assumed by the Partnership, the General Partner, or the Limited Partners) are computed in order to comply with such Regulations, the General Partner may make such modification without regard to Article XIV of the Agreement, provided that it is not likely to have a material effect on the amounts distributable to any Person pursuant to Article XIII of the Agreement upon the dissolution of the Partnership. The General Partner also shall (i) make any adjustments that are necessary or appropriate to maintain equality between the Capital Accounts of the Partners and the amount of Partnership capital reflected on the Partnership’s balance sheet, as computed for book purposes, in accordance with Regulations Section l.704-l(b)(2)(iv)(q), and (ii) make any appropriate modifications in the event unanticipated events might otherwise cause this Agreement not to comply with Regulations Section l.704-1(b).

 

2. No Interest

No interest shall be paid by the Partnership on Capital Contributions or on balances in Partners’ Capital Accounts.

 

3. No Withdrawal

No Partner shall be entitled to withdraw any part of its Capital Contribution or Capital Account or to receive any distribution from the Partnership, except as provided in Articles IV, V, VII and XIII of the Agreement.

 

Ex. B-3


EXHIBIT C

SPECIAL ALLOCATION RULES

 

1. Special Allocation Rules.

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Agreement or this Exhibit C , the following special allocations shall be made in the following order:

A. Minimum Gain Chargeback . Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 6.1 of the Agreement or any other provisions of this Exhibit C , if there is a net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain during any Fiscal Year, each Partner shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to such Partner’s share of the net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain, as determined under Regulations Section 1.704-2(g). Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each Partner pursuant thereto. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(f)(6). This Section 1.A is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirements in Regulations Section 1.704-2(f) and for purposes of this Section 1.A only, each Partner’s Adjusted Capital Account Deficit shall be determined prior to any other allocations pursuant to Section 6.1 of the Agreement or this Exhibit C with respect to such Fiscal Year and without regard to any decrease in Partner Minimum Gain during such Fiscal Year.

B. Partner Minimum Gain Chargeback . Notwithstanding any other provision of Section 6.1 of this Agreement or any other provisions of this Exhibit C (except Section 1.A hereof), if there is a net decrease in Partner Minimum Gain attributable to a Partner nonrecourse Debt during any Fiscal Year, each Partner who has a share of the Partner Minimum Gain attributable to such Partner Nonrecourse Debt, determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(5), shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain for such year (and, if necessary, subsequent years) in an amount equal to such Partner’s share of the net decrease in Partner Minimum Gain attributable to such Partner Nonrecourse Debt, determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(5). Allocations pursuant to the previous sentence shall be made in proportion to the respective amounts required to be allocated to each General Partner and Limited Partner pursuant thereto. The items to be so allocated shall be determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(4). This Section 1.B is intended to comply with the minimum gain chargeback requirement in such Section of the Regulations and shall be interpreted consistently therewith. Solely for purposes of this Section 1.B , each Partner’s Adjusted Capital Account Deficit shall be determined prior to any other allocations pursuant to Section 6.1 of the Agreement or this Exhibit C with respect to such Fiscal Year, other than allocations pursuant to Section 1.A hereof.

 

Ex. C-1


C. Qualified Income Offset . In the event any Partner unexpectedly receives any adjustments, allocations or distributions described in Regulations Sections 1.704-l(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), l.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(5), or 1.704-l(b)(2)(ii)(d)(6), and after giving effect to the allocations required under Sections 1.A and 1.B hereof with respect to such Fiscal Year, such Partner has an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit, items of Partnership income and gain (consisting of a pro rata portion of each item of Partnership income, including gross income and gain for the Fiscal Year) shall be specifically allocated to such Partner in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate, to the extent required by the Regulations, its Adjusted Capital Account Deficit created by such adjustments, allocations or distributions as quickly as possible. This Section 1.C is intended to constitute a “qualified income offset” under Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) and shall be interpreted consistently therewith.

D. Gross Income Allocation . In the event that any Partner has an Adjusted Capital Account Deficit at the end of any Fiscal Year (after taking into account allocations to be made under the preceding paragraphs hereof with respect to such Fiscal Year), each such Partner shall be specially allocated items of Partnership income and gain (consisting of a pro rata portion of each item of Partnership income, including gross income and gain for the Fiscal Year) in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate, to the extent required by the Regulations, its Adjusted Capital Account Deficit.

E. Nonrecourse Deductions . Except as may otherwise be expressly provided by the General Partner pursuant to Section 4.2 of the Agreement with respect to other classes of Partnership Units, Nonrecourse Deductions for any Fiscal Year shall be allocated only to the Partners holding Class A Units and Class B Units in accordance with their respective Percentage Interests. If the General Partner determines in its good faith discretion that the Partnership’s Nonrecourse Deductions must be allocated in a different ratio to satisfy the safe harbor requirements of the Regulations promulgated under Section 704(b) of the Code, the General Partner is authorized, upon notice to the Limited Partners, to revise the prescribed ratio for such Fiscal Year to the numerically closest ratio which would satisfy such requirements.

F. Partner Nonrecourse Deductions . Any Partner Nonrecourse Deductions for any Fiscal Year shall be specially allocated to the Partner who bears the economic risk of loss with respect to the Partner Nonrecourse Debt to which such Partner Nonrecourse Deductions are attributable in accordance with Regulations Sections 1.704-2(b)(4) and 1.704-2(i).

G. Adjustments Pursuant to Code Section 734 and Section 743 . To the extent an adjustment to the adjusted tax basis of any Partnership asset pursuant to Section 734(b) or 743(b) of the Code is required, pursuant to Regulations Section 1.704-l(b)(2)(iv)(m), to be taken into account in determining Capital Accounts, the amount of such adjustment to the Capital Accounts shall be treated as an item of gain (if the adjustment increases the basis of the asset) or loss (if the adjustment decreases such basis), and such item of gain or loss shall be specially allocated to the Partners in a manner consistent with the manner in which their Capital Accounts are required to be adjusted pursuant to such Section of the Regulations.

 

Ex. C-2


2. Allocations for Tax Purposes

A. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 2 , for federal income tax purposes, each item of income, gain, loss and deduction shall be allocated among the Partners in the same manner as its correlative item of “book” income, gain, loss or deduction is allocated pursuant to Section 6.1 of the Agreement and Section 1 of this Exhibit C .

B. In an attempt to eliminate Book-Tax Disparities attributable to a Contributed Property or Adjusted Property, items of income, gain, loss, and deduction shall be allocated for federal income tax purposes among the Partners as follows:

(1)    (a) In the case of a Contributed Property, such items attributable thereto shall be allocated among the Partners consistent with the principles of Section 704(c) of the Code to take into account the variation between the Section 704(c) Value of such property and its adjusted basis at the time of contribution (taking into account Section 2.C of this Exhibit C ); and

         (b) any item of Residual Gain or Residual Loss attributable to a Contributed Property shall be allocated among the Partners in the same manner as its correlative item of “book” gain or loss is allocated pursuant to Section 6.1 of the Agreement and Section 1 of this Exhibit C .

(2)    (a) In the case of an Adjusted Property, such items shall

(i) first, be allocated among the Partners in a manner consistent with the principles of Section 704(c) of the Code to take into account the Unrealized Gain or Unrealized Loss attributable to such property and the allocations thereof pursuant to Exhibit B ;

(ii) second, in the event such property was originally a Contributed Property, be allocated among the Partners in a manner consistent with Section 2.B(1)  of this Exhibit C ; and

         (b) any item of Residual Gain or Residual Loss attributable to an Adjusted Property shall be allocated among the Partners in the same manner its correlative item of “book” gain or loss is allocated pursuant to Section 6.1 of the Agreement and Section 1 of this Exhibit C .

(3) all other items of income, gain, loss and deduction shall be allocated among the Partners the same manner as their correlative item of “book” gain or loss is allocated pursuant to Section 6.1 of the Agreement and Section 1 of this Exhibit C .

C. To the extent Regulations promulgated pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Code permit a Partnership to utilize alternative methods to eliminate the disparities between the Carrying Value of property and its adjusted basis, the General Partner shall have the authority to elect the method to be used by the Partnership and such election shall be binding on all Partners.

 

Ex, C-3


EXHIBIT D

NOTICE OF REDEMPTION

The undersigned hereby irrevocably (i) redeems                      Partnership Units in Chesapeake Lodging, L.P. in accordance with the terms of the Agreement of Limited Partnership of Chesapeake Lodging, L.P., as amended, and the Redemption Right referred to therein, (ii) surrenders such Partnership Units and all right, title and interest therein and (iii) directs that the Cash Amount or Shares Amount (as determined by the General Partner) deliverable upon exercise of the Redemption Right be delivered to the address specified below, and if Shares are to be delivered, such Shares be registered or placed in the name(s) and at the address(es) specified below. The undersigned hereby represents, warrants, and certifies that the undersigned (a) has marketable and unencumbered title to such Partnership Units, free and clear of the rights of or interests of any other person or entity, (b) has the full right, power and authority to redeem and surrender such Partnership Units as provided herein and (c) has obtained the consent or approval of all persons or entities, if any, having the right to consult or approve such redemption and surrender.

 

Dated:

 

 

    Name of Limited Partner:
     

 

      (Signature of Limited Partner)
     

 

      (Street Address)
     

 

      (City)   (State)   (Zip Code)

 

Ex. D-1


 

Signature Guaranteed by:

 

 

IF SHARES ARE TO BE ISSUED, ISSUE TO:

 

Name:

 

 

  

Social Security or tax

identifying number:

 

 

 

Ex. D-2


EXHIBIT E

FORM OF DRO REGISTRY

 

PART I DRO PARTNERS   DRO AMOUNT

PART II DRO PARTNERS

 

 

Ex. E-1

Exhibit 10.14

SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT

THIS SHARE PURCHASE AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is entered as of the 4 th day of December, 2009, by and among Chesapeake Lodging Trust, a Maryland real estate investment trust (the “ REIT ”), James L. Francis (“ Francis ”), Douglas W. Vicari (“ Vicari ”), Thomas A. Natelli (“ Natelli ”), Natelli Capital, LLC (“ Natelli Capital ”), TN Investments, LLC (“ TN ”) and Natelli Communities LP (“ Communities ” and together with Francis, Vicari, Natelli, Natelli Capital and TN, the “ Investors ”).

THE PARTIES ENTER THIS AGREEMENT on the basis of the following facts, understandings and intentions:

WHEREAS, the REIT proposes to undertake an underwritten initial public offering (the “ Offering ”) of common shares of beneficial interest, par value $0.01 per share (“ Shares ”) pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-11 (the “ Registration Statement ”) filed pursuant to the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”); and

WHEREAS, the Investors desire to purchase the respective number of Shares set forth opposite the name of each such Investor on Schedule A attached hereto directly from the REIT in a private transaction as set forth herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and the mutual representations, warranties, covenants and agreements set forth herein, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound hereby, agree as follows:

1. Each Investor hereby agrees to purchase the respective number of Shares set forth opposite the name of each such Investor on Schedule A attached hereto directly from the REIT on the terms set forth herein. The purchase price per Share purchased by each Investor shall be the initial public offering price set forth in the final prospectus forming a part of the Registration Statement for the Offering (the “ Prospectus ”).

2. The Investors understand and agree that their purchase of Shares hereunder is being made pursuant to a private placement exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act and Shares purchased hereunder may not be sold, transferred or conveyed by any Investor except in compliance with applicable securities laws.

3. The purchase price for Shares shall be paid by means of a cash payment (wire transfer or other means acceptable to the REIT) and shall close at the time of closing of the Offering. The closing of the sale of Shares to an Investor shall be conditioned solely on the closing of the Offering and shall not be conditioned on the completion of the sale of Shares to any other Investor or upon consummation of any other concurrent private placement described in the Prospectus.

4. The Investors hereby agree that their purchase of Shares may be described in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus.

5. Each Investor hereby represents and warrants to the REIT that:

a. the Investor is, and at the time of closing of the purchase of Shares by the Investor will be, an Accredited Investor as that term is defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D under the Securities Act; and


b. the Investor has received all information the Investor deems relevant or necessary with respect to the Investor’s purchase of Shares.

6. This Agreement shall terminate if the closing of the Offering shall not have occurred on or before March 31, 2010.

7. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

[The remainder of this page intentionally left blank.]

 

- 2 -


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been entered into effective as of the date first written above.

 

Chesapeake Lodging Trust
By:  

 

Name:   James L. Francis
Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer

 

James L. Francis

 

Douglas W. Vicari

 

[Signature Page to Share Purchase Agreement]


 

Thomas A. Natelli
Natelli Capital, LLC
By:  

 

Name:   Thomas A. Natelli
Title:   Managing Member
TN Investments, LLC
By:  

 

Name:   Thomas A. Natelli
Title:   Managing Member
Natelli Communities LP
  By:  

Natelli Communities, Inc.,

its general partner

  By:  

 

  Name:   Thomas A. Natelli
  Title:   President and Chief Executive Officer

 

[Signature Page to Share Purchase Agreement]


Schedule A

 

Investor

   Number of Shares

James L. Francis

   60,000

Douglas W. Vicari

   40,000

Thomas A. Natelli

   15,000

Natelli Communities LP

   15,000

Natelli Capital, LLC

   10,000

TN Investments, LLC

   10,000

Exhibit 21.1

List of Direct and Indirect Subsidiaries of Chesapeake Lodging Trust

CHSP LLC, a Delaware limited liability company

Chesapeake Lodging, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership

CHSP TRS LLC, a Delaware limited liability company

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated September 28, 2009, in Amendment No. 3 to the Registration Statement (Form S-11 No. 333-162184) and related Prospectus of Chesapeake Lodging Trust for the registration of 12,500,000 Common shares of its beneficial interest.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

New York, New York

December 4, 2009