As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 15, 2010
Securities Act of 1933 Registration No. 2-80543
Investment Company Act of 1940 Registration No. 811-03605
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | x | |||
| Pre-Effective Amendment No. | ¨ | |||
| Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 | x | |||
| and/or | ||||
| REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 | ||||
| Amendment No. 76 | x |
(Check appropriate box or boxes)
NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
50 South LaSalle Street
Chicago, Illinois 60603
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
800-637-1380
(Registrants Telephone Number, including Area Code)
| Name and Address of Agent for Service: | with a copy to: | |
| Diana E. McCarthy | Owen T. Meacham, Assistant Secretary | |
| Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP | The Northern Trust Company | |
| One Logan Square | 50 South LaSalle Street, B-9 | |
| Suite 2000 | Chicago, IL 60603 | |
| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-6996 | ||
It Is Proposed That This Filing Become Effective (Check Appropriate Box):
¨ immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
¨ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (b)
x 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
¨ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
¨ 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
¨ on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
If appropriate, check the following box:
¨ This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
LARGE CAP EQUITY PORTFOLIO
(formerly known as Diversified Growth Portfolio)
CLASS A (BDVAX)
CLASS C
CLASS D (BDGDX)
LARGE CAP GROWTH PORTFOLIO
(formerly known as Focused Growth Portfolio)
CLASS A (BFGAX)
CLASS C (BFGCX)
CLASS D (BFGDX)
Prospectus dated [ ], 2010
An investment in a Portfolio is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), any other government agency, or Northern Trust. An investment in a Portfolio involves investment risks, including possible loss of principal.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 1 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
TABLE OF CONTENTS
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 2 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation with income a secondary consideration.
FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE PORTFOLIO
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio.
| Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | ||||||
|
None |
||||||
|
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year
as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||
| Class A | Class C | Class D | ||||
|
Management Fees |
0.75% | 0.75% | 0.75% | |||
|
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
None | None | None | |||
|
Other Expenses |
0.72% | 0.96% | 1.11% | |||
|
Administration Fees |
0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | |||
|
Service Agent Fees |
None | 0.15% | 0.25% | |||
|
Other Operating Expenses |
0.62% | 0.71% | 0.76% | |||
|
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses |
1.47% | 1.71% | 1.86% | |||
|
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (1) |
(0.71)% | (0.71)% | (0.71)% | |||
|
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement |
0.76% | 1.00% | 1.15% | |||
| (1) |
Northern Trust Investments, N.A. (NTI) has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees and reimburse certain expenses of the Portfolio. The contractual waiver and reimbursement arrangements are expected to continue until at least April 1, 2011. After this date, NTI or the Portfolio may terminate the contractual arrangements. The Portfolios Board of Trustees may terminate the contractual arrangements at any time if it determines that it is in the best interest of the Portfolio and its shareholders. |
EXAMPLE
The following Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Portfolios operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||||
|
Class A |
$78 | $395 | $735 | $1,696 | ||||
|
Class C |
$102 | $469 | $862 | $1,960 | ||||
|
Class D |
$117 | $516 | $940 | $2,122 |
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Portfolios performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolios portfolio turnover
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
In seeking long-term capital appreciation, the Portfolio will invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of large capitalization companies. Large capitalization companies generally are considered to be those whose market capitalization is, at the time the Portfolio makes an investment, within the range of the market capitalization of the companies in the Standard & Poors 500 ® Composite Stock Price Index (S&P 500 Index). Companies whose capitalization no longer meets this definition after purchase may continue to be considered large capitalization companies. As of June 30, 2010, the market capitalization of the companies in the S&P 500 Index was between $[ ] million and $[ ] billion. The size of companies in the S&P 500 Index changes with market conditions. In addition, changes to the composition of the S&P 500 Index can change the market capitalization range of companies in the S&P 500 Index. The Portfolio is not limited to the stocks included in the S&P 500 Index and may invest in other stocks that meet the Investment Advisers criteria discussed below.
Using fundamental research and quantitative analysis, the investment management team buys securities of a broad mix of companies that it believes have favorable growth and valuation characteristics relative to their peers. Similarly, the investment management team sells securities it believes no longer have these or other favorable characteristics. The team also may sell securities in order to maintain the desired portfolio securities composition of the Portfolio. In determining whether a company has favorable characteristics, the investment management team uses an evaluation process that includes, but is not limited to:
| n |
Quantitative review of fundamental factors such as earnings metrics, valuation and capital deployment; |
| * | Formerly known as the Diversified Growth Portfolio. |
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 3 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
LARGE CAP EQUITY PORTFOLIO
| n |
Qualitative fundamental analysis, including assessment of management, products, markets and costs in order to develop an investment thesis and key metrics for future performance; |
| n |
Risk management analysis in which risk exposures are measured and managed at the security, industry, sector and portfolio levels; and |
| n |
Systematic evaluations of new securities with attractive attributes and reevaluations of portfolio holdings. |
Standard & Poors ® Rating Service does not endorse any of the securities in the S&P 500 Index. It is not a sponsor
PRINCIPAL RISKS
MARKET RISK is the risk that the value of equity securities owned by the Portfolio may decline, at times sharply and unpredictably, because of economic changes or other events that affect individual issuers or large portions of the market. It includes the risk that a particular style of investing, such as growth, may underperform the market generally.
MANAGEMENT RISK is the risk that a strategy used by the investment management team may fail to produce the intended results.
As with any mutual fund, it is possible to lose money on an investment in the Portfolio. An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, any other government agency, or The Northern Trust
PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE
The bar chart and table that follow provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Portfolio by showing (A) changes in the performance of the Portfolios Class A Shares from year to year, and (B) how the average annual total returns of the Portfolios outstanding classes of shares compare to those of a broad-based securities market index.
As of the date of this Prospectus, the Portfolio changed its principal investment strategy from investing, under normal circumstances, at least 65% of its net assets in equity securities to investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of large capitalization companies and changed its name from the Diversified Growth Portfolio to the Large Cap Equity Portfolio. The performance shown represents the performance of the Portfolios prior investment strategy.
There are no Class C Shares currently outstanding for the Portfolio.
The Portfolios past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how the Portfolio will perform in the future.
Updated performance information for the Portfolio is available and may be obtained on the Portfolios Web site at www.northernfunds.com/institutional or by calling 800-637-1380.
CALENDAR YEAR TOTAL RETURN (CLASS A)*
* Year to date total return for the six months ended June 30, 2010 is [ ]%. For the periods shown in the bar chart above, the highest quarterly return was 17.92% in the third quarter of 2009, and the lowest quarterly return was (19.51)% in the fourth quarter of 2008.
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
(For the periods ended December 31, 2009)
|
Inception
Date |
1-Year | 5-Year | 10-Year |
Since
Inception |
|||||||
|
Class A |
|||||||||||
|
Return before taxes |
1/11/93 | 31.16% | 0.38% | (1.77 | )% | 5.98% | |||||
|
Return after taxes on distributions |
30.08% | (0.78)% | (3.41 | )% | 3.98% | ||||||
|
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Portfolio shares |
20.42% | 0.11% | (1.92 | )% | 4.61% | ||||||
|
Class D return before taxes |
9/14/94 | 30.63% | (0.08)% | (2.16 | )% | 5.60% | |||||
|
S&P 500 ® Composite Stock Price Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
26.46% | 0.42% | (0.95 | )% | 7.75% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown only for Class A Shares. After-tax returns for other classes will vary.
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 4 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
LARGE CAP EQUITY PORTFOLIO
In calculating the federal income taxes due on redemptions, capital gains taxes resulting from redemptions are subtracted from the redemption proceeds and the tax benefits from capital losses resulting from the redemption are added to the redemption proceeds. Under certain circumstances, the addition of the tax benefits from capital losses resulting from redemptions may cause the Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Portfolio Shares to be greater than the Returns After Taxes on Distributions or even the Returns Before Taxes.
MANAGEMENT
INVESTMENT ADVISER AND PORTFOLIO MANAGER. Northern Trust Investments, N.A., a subsidiary of The Northern Trust Company, serves as the investment adviser of the Portfolio. George P. Maris, Senior Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, N.A., has been manager of the Portfolio since November 2009, and was co-manager from June 2008 to November 2009.
PURCHASE AND SALE OF PORTFOLIO SHARES
You may purchase Portfolio shares through your institutional account at Northern Trust (or an affiliate) or an authorized intermediary or you may open an account directly with Northern Institutional Funds (the Trust) with a minimum initial investment of $5 million in one or more of the Trusts portfolios. There is no minimum for subsequent investments.
On any business day, you may sell (redeem) or exchange shares through your institutional account by contacting your Northern Trust account representative or authorized intermediary. If you purchase shares directly from the Trust, you may sell (redeem) or exchange your shares in one of the following ways:
| n |
By Mail Send a written request to: Northern Institutional Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986. |
| n |
By Telephone Call the Northern Institutional Funds Center at 800-637-1380 for instructions. |
| n |
By Wire Authorize wire redemptions on your New Account Application and have proceeds sent by federal wire transfer to a previously designated bank account (the minimum redemption amount by this method is $10,000). |
TAX INFORMATION
The Portfolios distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
PAYMENTS TO BROKERS-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
If you purchase the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediarys Web site for more information.
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 5 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE
The Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation. Any income received is incidental to this objective.
FEES AND EXPENSES OF THE PORTFOLIO
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Portfolio.
| Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | ||||||
|
None |
||||||
|
Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year
as a percentage of the value of your investment) |
||||||
| Class A | Class C | Class D | ||||
|
Management Fees |
0.85% | 0.85% | 0.85% | |||
|
Distribution (12b-1) Fees |
None | None | None | |||
|
Other Expenses |
0.32% | 0.56% | 0.71% | |||
|
Administration Fees |
0.10% | 0.10% | 0.10% | |||
|
Service Agent Fees |
None | 0.15% | 0.25% | |||
|
Other Operating Expenses |
0.22% | 0.31% | 0.36% | |||
|
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses |
1.17% | 1.41% | 1.56% | |||
|
Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement (1) |
(0.31)% | (0.31)% | (0.31)% | |||
|
Total Annual Portfolio Operating Expenses After Fee Waiver and/or Expense Reimbursement |
0.86% | 1.10% | 1.25% | |||
| (1) |
Northern Trust Investments, N.A. (NTI) has contractually agreed to waive a portion of its management fees and reimburse certain expenses of the Portfolio. The contractual waiver and reimbursement arrangements are expected to continue until at least April 1, 2011. After this date, NTI or the Portfolio may terminate the contractual arrangements. The Portfolios Board of Trustees may terminate the contractual arrangements at any time if it determines that it is in the best interest of the Portfolio and its shareholders. |
EXAMPLE
The following Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Portfolios operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
| 1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |||||
|
Class A |
$88 | $341 | $614 | $1,393 | ||||
|
Class C |
$112 | $416 | $742 | $1,664 | ||||
|
Class D |
$127 | $462 | $821 | $1,830 |
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. The Portfolio pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or turns over its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Portfolio shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual portfolio operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Portfolios performance. During the most recent fiscal year, the Portfolios portfolio turnover
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
In seeking long-term capital appreciation, the Portfolio will invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of large capitalization companies. Large capitalization companies generally are considered to be those whose market capitalization is, at the time the Portfolio makes an investment, within the range of the market capitalization of the companies in the Russell 1000 ® Growth Index. Companies whose capitalization no longer meets this definition after purchase may continue to be considered large capitalization companies. As of June 30, 2010, the market capitalization of the companies in the Russell 1000 Growth Index was between $[ ] million and $[ ] billion. The size of companies in the Russell 1000 Growth Index changes with market conditions. In addition, changes to the composition of the Russell 1000 Growth Index can change the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell 1000 Growth Index. The Portfolio is not limited to the stocks included in the Russell 1000 Growth Index and may invest in other stocks that meet the Investment Advisers criteria discussed below.
Using fundamental research and quantitative analysis, the investment management team buys securities of a somewhat limited number of companies (generally less than 100) that it believes have favorable growth characteristics relative to their peers. Similarly, the investment management team sells securities it believes no longer have these or other favorable characteristics. The team also may sell securities in order to maintain the desired portfolio securities composition of the Portfolio. In determining whether a company has favorable characteristics, the investment management team uses an evaluation process that includes, but is not limited to:
| n |
Quantitative review of fundamental factors such as earnings metrics, valuation and capital deployment; |
| n |
Qualitative fundamental analysis, including assessment of management, products, markets and costs in order to develop an investment thesis and key metrics for future performance; |
| n |
Risk management analysis in which risk exposures are measured and managed at the security, industry, sector and portfolio levels; and |
| * | Formerly known as the Focused Growth Portfolio. |
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 6 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
LARGE CAP GROWTH PORTFOLIO
| n |
Systematic evaluations of new securities with attractive attributes and reevaluations of portfolio holdings. |
The Portfolio, from time to time, may emphasize particular companies or market segments, such as technology, in attempting to achieve its investment objective. Many of the companies in which the Portfolio invests retain their earnings to finance current and future growth. These companies generally pay little or no dividends.
The investment management team may engage in active trading, and will not consider portfolio turnover a limiting factor in making decisions for the Portfolio.
Frank Russell Company does not endorse any of the securities in the Russell 1000 ® Growth Index. It is not a sponsor of the Large Cap Growth Portfolio and is not affiliated with the
PRINCIPAL RISKS
MARKET RISK is the risk that the value of equity securities owned by the Portfolio may decline, at times sharply and unpredictably, because of economic changes or other events that affect individual issuers or large portions of the market. It includes the risk that a particular style of investing, such as growth, may underperform the market generally.
MANAGEMENT RISK is the risk that a strategy used by the investment management team may fail to produce the intended results.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RISK is the risk that high portfolio turnover is likely to lead to increased Portfolio expenses that may result in lower investment returns. High portfolio turnover also is likely to result in higher short-term capital gains taxable to shareholders. For the last fiscal year, the annual portfolio turnover rate of the Portfolio exceeded 100%.
TECHNOLOGY SECURITIES RISK is the risk that securities of technology companies may be subject to greater price volatility than securities of companies in other sectors. These securities may fall in and out of favor with investors rapidly, which may cause sudden selling and dramatically lower market prices. Technology securities also may be affected adversely by changes in technology, consumer and business purchasing patterns, government regulation and/or obsolete products or services. In addition, a rising interest rate environment tends to negatively affect technology companies.
MID CAP STOCK RISK is the risk that stocks of mid-sized companies may be subject to more abrupt or erratic market movements than stocks of larger, more established companies. Mid-sized companies may have limited product lines or financial resources, and may be dependent upon a particular niche of the market.
As with any mutual fund, it is possible to lose money on an investment in the Portfolio. An investment in the Portfolio is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, any other government agency, or The Northern
PORTFOLIO PERFORMANCE
The bar chart and table that follow provide an indication of the risks of investing in the Portfolio by showing (A) changes in the performance of the Portfolios Class A Shares from year to year, and (B) how the average annual total returns of the Portfolios outstanding classes of shares compare to those of a broad-based securities market index.
As of the date of this Prospectus, the Portfolio changed its principal investment strategy from investing, under normal circumstances, at least 65% of its net assets in equity securities to investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of large capitalization companies and changed its name from the Focused Growth Portfolio to the Large Cap Growth Portfolio. The performance shown represents the performance of the Portfolios prior investment strategy.
The Portfolios past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how the Portfolio will perform in the future.
Updated performance information for the Portfolio is available and may be obtained on the Portfolios Web site at www.northernfunds.com/institutional or by calling 800-637-1380.
CALENDAR YEAR TOTAL RETURN (CLASS A)*
* Year to date total return for the six months ended June 30, 2010 is [ ]%. For the periods shown in the bar chart above, the highest quarterly return was 15.56% in the first quarter of 2000, and the lowest quarterly return was (21.86)% in the fourth quarter of 2008.
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 7 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
LARGE CAP GROWTH PORTFOLIO
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS
(For the periods ended December 31, 2009)
|
Inception
Date |
1-Year | 5-Year | 10-Year |
Since
Inception |
|||||||
|
Class A |
|||||||||||
|
Return before taxes |
7/1/93 | 28.52% | 0.55% | (3.56 | )% | 5.53% | |||||
|
Return after taxes on distributions |
28.41% | 0.45% | (3.80 | )% | 4.41% | ||||||
|
Return after taxes on distributions and sale of Portfolio shares |
18.63% | 0.44% | (2.97 | )% | 4.42% | ||||||
|
Class C return before taxes |
6/14/96 | 28.18% | 0.17% | (3.85 | )% | 5.29% | |||||
|
Class D return before taxes |
12/8/94 | 27.89% | 0.10% | (3.96 | )% | 5.14% | |||||
|
Russell 1000 ® Growth Index (reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes) |
37.21% | 1.64% | (3.98 | )% | 6.74% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Actual after-tax returns depend on an investors tax situation and may differ from those shown. After-tax returns shown are not relevant to investors who hold their shares through tax-deferred arrangements, such as 401(k) plans or individual retirement accounts. After-tax returns are shown only for Class A Shares. After-tax returns for other classes will vary.
In calculating the federal income taxes due on redemptions, capital gains taxes resulting from redemptions are subtracted from the redemption proceeds and the tax benefits from capital losses resulting from the redemption are added to the redemption proceeds. Under certain circumstances, the addition of the tax benefits from capital losses resulting from redemptions may cause the Returns After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Portfolio Shares to be greater than the Returns After Taxes on Distributions or even the Returns Before Taxes.
MANAGEMENT
INVESTMENT ADVISER AND PORTFOLIO MANAGER. Northern Trust Investments, N.A., a subsidiary of The Northern Trust Company, serves as the investment adviser of the Portfolio. Joseph R. Diehl, Jr., Senior Vice President of Northern Trust and Greg M. Newman, Vice President of Northern Trust, have been managers of the Portfolio since July 2009.
PURCHASE AND SALE OF PORTFOLIO SHARES
You may purchase Portfolio shares through your institutional account at Northern Trust (or an affiliate) or an authorized intermediary or you may open an account directly with Northern Institutional Funds (the Trust) with a minimum initial investment of $5 million in one or more of the Trusts portfolios. There is no minimum for subsequent investments.
On any business day, you may sell (redeem) or exchange shares through your institutional account by contacting your Northern Trust account representative or authorized intermediary. If you purchase shares directly from the Trust, you may sell (redeem) or exchange your shares in one of the following ways:
| n |
By Mail Send a written request to: Northern Institutional Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986. |
| n |
By Telephone Call the Northern Institutional Funds Center at 800-637-1380 for instructions. |
| n |
By Wire Authorize wire redemptions on your New Account Application and have proceeds sent by federal wire transfer to a previously designated bank account (the minimum redemption amount by this method is $10,000). |
TAX INFORMATION
The Portfolios distributions are generally taxable to you as ordinary income, capital gains, or a combination of the two, unless you are investing through a tax-deferred arrangement, such as a 401(k) plan or an individual retirement account.
PAYMENTS TO BROKERS-DEALERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
If you purchase the Portfolio through a broker-dealer or other financial intermediary (such as a bank), the Portfolio and its related companies may pay the intermediary for the sale of Portfolio shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the broker-dealer or other intermediary and your salesperson to recommend the Portfolio over another investment. Ask your salesperson or visit your financial intermediarys Web site for more information.
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 8 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
BROAD-BASED SECURITIES MARKET INDICES
THE RUSSELL 1000 ® GROWTH INDEX is an unmanaged index measuring the performance of those Russell 1000 ® Index companies with higher book-to-price ratios and higher forecasted growth values.
THE RUSSELL 1000 ® INDEX is an unmanaged index which measures the performance of the 1,000 largest companies in the Russell 3000 Index, based on a combination of their market capitalization and current index membership. The Russell 1000 Index represents approximately 92% of the total market capitalization of the U.S. equity market as of December 31, 2009.
THE STANDARD & POORS 500 ® COMPOSITE STOCK PRICE INDEX (S&P 500 ® INDEX) is an unmanaged index consisting of 500 stocks and is a widely recognized common measure of the performance of the overall U.S. stock market.
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 9 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
This Prospectus describes two equity portfolios (each a Portfolio, collectively, the Portfolios), which are currently offered by Northern Institutional Funds (the Trust).
Northern Trust Investments, N.A. (NTI or the Investment Adviser), a subsidiary of The Northern Trust Company (TNTC), serves as the Investment Adviser of each of the Portfolios. NTI is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, IL 60603. Unless otherwise indicated, NTI and TNTC are referred to collectively in this Prospectus as Northern Trust.
NTI is a national banking association and an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended. It primarily manages assets for institutional and individual separately managed accounts, investment companies and bank common and collective funds.
TNTC is an Illinois state chartered banking organization and a member of the Federal Reserve System. Since 1889, TNTC has administered and managed assets for individuals, institutions and corporations. It is the principal subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, a company that is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended.
As of June 30, 2010, Northern Trust Corporation, through its affiliates, had assets under custody of $[ ] trillion, and assets under investment management of $[ ] billion.
Under the Advisory Agreement with the Trust, the Investment Adviser, subject to the general supervision of the Trusts Board of Trustees, is responsible for making investment decisions for the Portfolios and for placing purchase and sale orders for portfolio securities.
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 10 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
As compensation for advisory services and the assumption of related expenses, the Investment Adviser is entitled to an advisory fee, computed daily and payable monthly, at annual rates set forth in the table below (expressed as a percentage of each Portfolios respective average daily net assets). The table also reflects the advisory fees (after fee waivers) paid by the Portfolios for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009 (expressed as a percentage of each Portfolios respective average daily net assets).
The difference, if any, between the contractual advisory fees and the actual advisory fees paid by the Portfolios reflects the fact that the Investment Adviser did not charge the full amount of the advisory fees to which it was entitled. The Investment Adviser voluntarily waived a portion of the advisory fees charged to the Large Cap Growth and Large Cap Equity Portfolios, as shown in the table below. Starting April 1, 2010, the Investment Adviser has contractually agreed to waive a portion of the advisory fees charged to the Portfolios in the same amount that they previously voluntarily waived. The contractual waiver arrangements are expected to continue until at least April 1, 2011. After this date, the Investment Adviser or a Portfolio may terminate the contractual arrangements.
A discussion regarding the Board of Trustees basis for its most recent approval of the Portfolios Advisory Agreement is available in the Portfolios semiannual report to shareholders for the six-month period ending May 31.
| Portfolio |
Contractual
Rate |
Advisory
Fee
Paid for Fiscal Year Ended 11/30/2009 |
||
|
LARGE CAP GROWTH |
0.85% | 0.75% | ||
|
LARGE CAP EQUITY |
0.75% | 0.65% |
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 11 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
BELOW IS INFORMATION REGARDING THE MANAGEMENT OF THE PORTFOLIOS.
For the Large Cap Growth Portfolio, each manager has full and joint responsibility for managing the Portfolio with no restrictions or limitations on such managers role.
The manager for the Large Cap Equity Portfolio is George P. Maris, Senior Vice President of Northern Trust. Mr. Maris has been manager of the Portfolio since November 2009, and was co-manager from June 2008 to November 2009. Mr. Maris joined Northern Trust in June 2008 as a senior portfolio manager. From 2004 to 2008, Mr. Maris was with Columbia Management Group as a senior portfolio manager. Prior to that position, he served as a portfolio manager for four years at Putnam Investments.
The managers for the Large Cap Growth Portfolio are Joseph R. Diehl, Jr., Senior Vice President of Northern Trust and Greg M. Newman, Vice President of Northern Trust. Both have been managers since July 2009. Mr. Diehl joined Northern Trust in 1971 and has managed and co-managed the Thematic Large Cap Growth Separately Managed Account team since 1997. He has also managed funds for individuals, retirement plans and charitable foundations. Mr. Newman joined Northern Trust in 1997 and has co-managed the Thematic Large Cap Growth Separately Managed Account team since 2007. Prior to this, Mr. Newman managed customized portfolios for individuals, retirement plans and charitable foundations.
Additional information about the Portfolio Managers compensation, other accounts managed by the Portfolio Managers and the Portfolio Managers ownership of securities in the Portfolios is available in the Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 12 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
TNTC serves as Transfer Agent and Custodian for each Portfolio. The Transfer Agent performs various shareholder servicing functions, and any shareholder inquiries should be directed to it. In addition, NTI serves as Administrator for the Portfolios. TNTC also performs certain administrative services for the Portfolios pursuant to a sub-administration agreement with NTI. NTI pays TNTC for its sub-administration services out of its administration fees and TNTCs fees do not represent additional expenses to the Portfolios.
NTI, as Administrator, is entitled to an administration fee from the Portfolios at the annual rate of 0.10% of the average daily net assets of each Portfolio. Under the Administration Agreement with the Trust, which may be amended by the Trusts Board of Trustees without shareholder approval, NTI, as Administrator, has agreed to reimburse expenses (including fees payable to NTI for its services as Administrator, but excluding management fees, transfer agency fees, service agent fees, taxes, interest and other extraordinary expenses) (Expenses) that exceed on an annualized basis 0.10% of each Portfolios average daily net assets.
Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC concerning such arrangements, TNTC also may render securities lending services to the Portfolios. For such services, TNTC receives a percentage of securities lending revenue generated for each of the lending Portfolios. In addition, cash collateral received by a Portfolio in connection with a securities loan may be invested in shares of other registered or unregistered funds that pay investment advisory or other fees to NTI, TNTC or an affiliate.
TNTC, NTI and other Northern Trust affiliates may provide other services to the Portfolios and receive compensation for such services, if consistent with the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act) and the rules, exemptive orders and no-action letters issued by the SEC thereunder. Unless required, investors in a Portfolio may or may not receive specific notice of such additional services and fees.
Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC, each Portfolio may invest its uninvested cash in a money market fund advised by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates. Accordingly, each Portfolio will bear indirectly a proportionate share of that money market funds operating expenses. These operating expenses include the advisory, administrative, transfer agency and custody fees that the money market fund pays to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates. It is expected that the uninvested cash of the Portfolios will be invested in the Trusts Diversified Assets Portfolio. The aggregate annual rate of advisory, administration, transfer agency and custody fees payable to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates on any assets invested in the Trusts Diversified Assets Portfolio is 0.35% of the average daily net asset value of those assets. However, pursuant to the exemptive order, Northern will reimburse each Portfolio for advisory fees otherwise payable by the Portfolio on any assets invested in the Diversified Assets Portfolio.
Shares of the Trust are distributed by Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (NFD), Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine, 04101. NFD is not affiliated with TNTC, NTI or any other Northern Trust affiliate.
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 13 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
THE TRUST OFFERS A SELECTION OF INVESTMENT
The descriptions in the Portfolio Summaries may help you choose the Portfolio or Portfolios that best fit your investment needs. Keep in mind, however, that neither Portfolio can guarantee it will meet its investment objective, and neither Portfolio should be relied upon as a complete investment program. The Trust also offers other investment portfolios, including asset allocation, fixed-income, money market, and other equity portfolios, which are described in separate prospectuses.
Institutional investors, acting on their own behalf or on behalf of customers and other beneficial owners (Customers), may purchase shares of the Portfolios through their institutional accounts at Northern Trust or an affiliate. They also may purchase shares directly from the Trust. There is no sales charge imposed on purchases of shares. Institutional investors include:
| n |
Defined contribution plans having at least $30 million in assets or annual contributions of at least $5 million; |
| n |
Corporations, partnerships, business trusts, and other institutions and organizations; and |
| n |
Northern Trust personal financial services clients having at least $500 million in total assets at Northern Trust. |
The Portfolios are authorized to offer a choice of three classes of shares to meet the special needs of institutional investors (Institutions): Class A, Class C and Class D Shares.
CLASS A SHARES are designed for Institutions that can obtain information about their shareholder accounts and do not require the additional services available to other classes.
CLASS C SHARES are designed for Institutions that require the Transfer Agent and a Service Organization (as defined on page 21) to provide certain account-related services incident to Customers being the beneficial owners of shares.
CLASS D SHARES are designed for Institutions that require the Transfer Agent and a Service Organization to provide them and their Customers with certain account-related services and other information.
Each class of shares represents pro rata interests in a Portfolio except that different shareholder service agent and transfer agency fees are payable by each class of shares due to varying levels of administrative support and transfer agency services provided to the class. In addition, any person entitled to receive compensation for servicing shares of a Portfolio may receive different compensation with respect to one particular class of shares over another in the same Portfolio.
Please note that the fee and expense information shown under Fees and Expenses in the Portfolio Summaries beginning on page 3 does not reflect any charges that may be imposed by TNTC, its affiliates, correspondent banks and other institutions on their Customers (as defined above). (For more information, please see Account Policies and Other InformationFinancial Intermediaries on page 20.)
You may purchase shares of the Portfolios through your institutional account at Northern Trust (or an affiliate) or an authorized intermediary or you may open an account directly with the Trust with a minimum initial investment of $5 million in one or more Portfolios. There is no minimum for subsequent investments. Northern Trust personal financial services client assets to be invested in a Portfolio must be in a custody and/or investment management account(s) on Northern Trusts trust/custody account platform.
THROUGH AN INSTITUTIONAL ACCOUNT . If you are opening an institutional account at Northern Trust, a Northern Trust representative can assist you with all phases of your investment. To purchase shares through your account, contact your Northern Trust representative for further information.
THROUGH AN AUTHORIZED INTERMEDIARY . The Trust may authorize certain Institutions acting as financial intermediaries (including banks, trust companies, brokers and investment advisers) to accept purchase orders from their Customers on behalf of the Portfolios. See Account Policies and Other InformationFinancial Intermediaries on page 20 for additional information regarding purchases of Portfolio shares through authorized intermediaries.
DIRECTLY FROM THE TRUST . An Institution may open a shareholder account and purchase shares directly from the Trust as described above under Purchasing Shares.
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 14 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
For your convenience, there are a number of ways to invest directly in the Portfolios:
BY MAIL
| n |
Read this Prospectus carefully. |
| n |
Complete and sign the New Account Application. |
| n |
Include a Northern Institutional Funds Certification Form or other acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable). |
| n |
Enclose a check or Federal Reserve draft payable to Northern Institutional Funds. |
| n |
Mail your check, Northern Institutional Funds Certification Form or other acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable) and completed New Account Application to: |
Northern Institutional Funds
P.O. Box 75986
Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986
| n |
Additional documentation may be required to fulfill the requirements of the Customer Identification Program described on page 20. |
All checks must be payable in U.S. dollars and drawn on a bank located in the United States. Cash and third party checks are not acceptable.
| n |
For overnight delivery, use the following address: |
Northern Institutional Funds
801 South Canal Street
Chicago, Illinois 60607
BY TELEPHONE
| n |
Read this Prospectus carefully. |
| n |
Call the Northern Institutional Funds Center at 800-637-1380. |
TO OPEN A NEW ACCOUNT PLEASE PROVIDE:
| n |
The name of the Portfolio in which you would like to invest |
| n |
The number of shares or dollar amount to be invested |
| n |
The method of payment |
TO ADD TO AN EXISTING ACCOUNT, PLEASE PROVIDE:
| n |
The Institutions name |
| n |
Your account number |
BY WIRE OR AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE (ACH) TRANSFER
TO OPEN A NEW ACCOUNT:
| n |
For more information or instructions regarding the purchase of shares, call the Northern Institutional Funds Center at 800-637-1380. |
TO ADD TO AN EXISTING ACCOUNT:
| n |
Have your bank wire federal funds or effect an ACH transfer to: |
The Northern Trust Company
Chicago, Illinois
ABA Routing No. 0710-00152
(Reference 1030 followed by your 10-Digit Portfolio account number, with no spaces (e.g., 1030##########))
(Reference Shareholders Name)
THROUGH AN INSTITUTIONAL ACCOUNT . Institutions may sell (redeem) shares through their institutional account by contacting their Northern Trust account representative.
THROUGH AN AUTHORIZED INTERMEDIARY . Institutions that purchase shares from an authorized intermediary may sell (redeem) shares by contacting their financial intermediary. See Account Policies and Other InformationFinancial Intermediaries on page 20 for additional information regarding sales (redemptions) of Portfolio shares through authorized intermediaries.
DIRECTLY THROUGH THE TRUST . Institutions that purchase shares directly from the Trust may redeem their shares through the Transfer Agent in one of the following ways:
BY MAIL
SEND A WRITTEN REQUEST TO:
Northern Institutional Funds
P.O. Box 75986
Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986
THE LETTER OF INSTRUCTION MUST INCLUDE:
| n |
The signature of a duly authorized person (A signature guarantee from an institution participating in the Stock Transfer Agency Medallion Program (STAMP) also may be required.) |
| n |
Your account number |
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 15 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
| n |
The name of the Portfolio |
| n |
The number of shares or the dollar amount to be redeemed |
BY TELEPHONE
| n |
Call the Northern Institutional Funds Center at 800-637-1380 for instructions. |
| n |
During periods of unusual economic or market activity, telephone redemptions may be difficult to implement. In such event, shareholders should follow the procedures outlined above under Selling SharesBy Mail. |
BY WIRE
If you authorize wire redemptions on your New Account Application, you can redeem shares and have the proceeds sent by federal wire transfer to a previously designated bank account.
| n |
Call the Northern Institutional Funds Center at 800-637-1380 for instructions. |
| n |
The minimum amount that may be redeemed by this method is $10,000. |
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 16 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
ACCOUNT POLICIES AND OTHER INFORMATION
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION MINIMUMS. There is a minimum initial investment of $5 million in one or more Portfolios. There is no minimum for subsequent investments. A $10,000 minimum applies for redemptions by wire. The Trust reserves the right to waive purchase and redemption minimums and to determine the manner in which a minimum is satisfied.
CALCULATING SHARE PRICE. The Trust issues shares and redeems shares at net asset value (NAV). The NAV for each share class of a Portfolio is calculated by dividing the value of the Portfolios net assets attributed to that class by the number of the Portfolios outstanding shares of that class. The NAV is calculated on each Business Day as of 3:00 p.m. Central time for each class. The NAV used in determining the price of your shares is the one calculated after your purchase, exchange or redemption order is received in good order as described on page 20.
Investments of the Portfolios for which market quotations are readily available are priced at their market value. If market quotations are not readily available, or if it is believed that such quotations do not accurately reflect fair value, the fair value of the Portfolios investments may be otherwise determined in good faith under procedures established by the Trustees. Circumstances in which securities may be fair valued include periods when trading in a security is suspended, the exchange or market on which a security trades closes early, the trading volume in a security is limited, corporate actions and announcements take place, or regulatory news is released such as governmental approvals. Additionally, the Trust, in its discretion, may make adjustments to the prices of securities held by a Portfolio if an event occurs after the publication of market values normally used by a Portfolio but before the time as of which the Portfolio calculates its NAV, depending on the nature and significance of the event, consistent with applicable regulatory guidance and the Trusts fair value procedures. This may occur particularly with respect to certain foreign securities held by a Portfolio, in which case the Trust may use adjustment factors obtained from an independent evaluation service that are intended to reflect more accurately the value of those securities as of the time the Portfolios NAV is calculated. Other events that can trigger fair valuing of foreign securities include, for example, significant fluctuations in general market indicators, governmental actions, or natural disasters. The use of fair valuation involves the risk that the values used by the Portfolios to price their investments may be higher or lower than the values used by other unaffiliated investment companies and investors to price the same investments. Short-term obligations, which are debt instruments with a maturity of 60 days or less, held by a Portfolio are valued at their amortized cost, which, according to the Investment Adviser, approximates market value.
A Portfolio may hold foreign securities that trade on weekends or other days when the Portfolio does not price its shares. Therefore, the value of such securities may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or redeem shares.
TIMING OF PURCHASE REQUESTS. Purchase requests received in good order and accepted by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary by 3:00 p.m. Central time on any Business Day will be executed the day they are received by either the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary, at that days closing share price for the applicable Portfolio(s) provided that one of the following occurs:
| n |
The Transfer Agent receives payment by 3:00 p.m. Central time on the same Business Day; |
| n |
The requests are placed by a financial or authorized intermediary that has entered into a servicing agreement with the Trust and payment in federal or other immediately available funds is received by the Transfer Agent by the close of the same Business Day or on the next Business Day, depending on the terms of the Trusts agreement with the intermediary; or |
| n |
Payment in federal or other immediately available funds is received by the next Business Day in an institutional account maintained with Northern Trust or an affiliate. |
Purchase requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary on a non-Business Day or after 3:00 p.m. Central time on a Business Day will be executed on the next Business Day, at that days closing share price for the applicable Portfolio(s), provided that payment is made as noted above. If an Institution pays for shares by check, federal funds generally will become available within two Business Days after a purchase order is received.
MISCELLANEOUS PURCHASE INFORMATION.
| n |
Institutions are responsible for transmitting purchase orders and delivering required funds on a timely basis. |
| n |
Institutions are responsible for all losses and expenses of a Portfolio, and purchase orders may be cancelled, in the event of any failure to make payment according to the procedures outlined in this Prospectus. In addition, a $20 charge will be imposed if a check does not clear. |
| n |
Exchanges into the Portfolios from another Portfolio in the Trust may be subject to any redemption fee imposed by the other Portfolio. |
| n |
The Trust reserves the right to reject any purchase order. The Trust also reserves the right to change or discontinue any of its purchase procedures. |
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 17 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
| n |
In certain circumstances, the Trust may advance the time by which purchase orders must be received. See Early Closings on page 20. |
TIMING OF REDEMPTION AND EXCHANGE REQUESTS. Redemption and exchange requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary on a Business Day by 3:00 p.m. Central time will be executed on the same day at that days closing share price for the applicable Portfolio(s) (less any applicable redemption fee).
Redemption and exchange requests received in good order by the Transfer Agent or other authorized intermediary on a non-Business Day or after 3:00 p.m. Central time on a Business Day will be executed the next Business Day at that days closing share price for the applicable Portfolio(s) (less any applicable redemption fee).
PAYMENT OF REDEMPTION PROCEEDS. Redemption proceeds normally will be sent or credited on the Business Day following the Business Day on which such redemption request is received in good order by the deadline noted above. However, if you have recently purchased shares with a check or through an electronic transaction, payment may be delayed as discussed below under Miscellaneous Redemption Information.
MISCELLANEOUS REDEMPTION INFORMATION. All redemption proceeds will be sent by check unless the Transfer Agent is directed otherwise. Redemption proceeds also may be wired. Redemptions are subject to the following restrictions:
| n |
The Trust may require any information from the shareholder reasonably necessary to ensure that a redemption request has been duly authorized. |
| n |
Redemption requests made to the Transfer Agent by mail must be signed by a person authorized by acceptable documentation on file with the Transfer Agent. |
| n |
The Trust reserves the right to defer crediting, sending or wiring redemption proceeds for up to 7 days (or such longer period permitted by the SEC) after receiving the redemption order if, in its judgment, an earlier payment could adversely affect a Portfolio. |
| n |
If you are redeeming recently purchased shares by check or electronic transaction, your redemption request may not be paid until your check or electronic transaction has cleared. This may delay your payment for up to 10 days. |
| n |
Institutions are responsible for transmitting redemption orders and crediting their Customers accounts with redemption proceeds on a timely basis. |
| n |
The Trust and the Transfer Agent reserve the right to redeem shares held by any shareholder who provides incorrect or incomplete account information or when such involuntary redemptions are necessary to avoid adverse consequences to the Trust and its shareholders or the Transfer Agent. |
| n |
The Trust reserves the right to change or discontinue any of its redemption procedures. |
| n |
The Trust does not permit redemption proceeds to be sent by outgoing International ACH Transaction (IAT). An IAT is a payment transaction involving a financial institutions office located outside U.S. territorial jurisdiction. |
| n |
In certain circumstances, the Trust may advance the time by which redemption and exchange orders must be received. See Early Closings on page 20. |
EXCHANGE PRIVILEGES. Institutions and their Customers (to the extent permitted by their account agreements) may exchange shares of a Portfolio for the same class of shares of another investment portfolio of the Trust only if the registration of both accounts is identical. Both accounts must have the same owners name and title, if applicable. A $1,000 minimum investment applies to exchanges. An exchange is a redemption of shares of one Portfolio and the purchase of the same class of shares of another investment portfolio in the Trust. If the shares redeemed are held in a taxable account, an exchange is considered a taxable event and may result in a gain or loss. The Trust reserves the right to waive or modify minimum investment requirements in connection with exchanges.
The Trust reserves the right to change or discontinue the exchange privilege at any time upon 60 days written notice to shareholders and to reject any exchange request. Exchanges are only available in states where an exchange can legally be made. Before making an exchange, you should read the Prospectus for the shares you are acquiring.
POLICIES AND PROCEDURES ON EXCESSIVE TRADING PRACTICES. In accordance with the policy adopted by the Board of Trustees, the Trust discourages market timing and other excessive trading practices. Purchases and exchanges should be made with a view to longer-term investment purposes only. Excessive, short-term (market timing) trading practices may disrupt portfolio management strategies, increase brokerage and administrative costs, harm Portfolio performance and result in dilution in the value of Portfolio shares held by long-term shareholders. The Trust and Northern Trust reserve the right to reject or restrict purchase or exchange requests from any investor. The Trust and Northern Trust will not be liable for any loss resulting from rejected purchase or exchange orders. To minimize harm to the Trust and its shareholders (or Northern Trust), the Trust (or Northern Trust) will exercise this right if, in the Trusts (or Northern Trusts) judgment, an investor has a history of excessive trading or if an investors trading, in the judgment of the Trust (or Northern Trust), has
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 18 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
been or may be disruptive to a Portfolio. In making this judgment, trades executed in multiple accounts under common ownership or control may be considered together to the extent they can be identified. No waivers of the provisions of the policy established to detect and deter market timing and other excessive trading activity are permitted that would harm the Trust or its shareholders or would subordinate the interests of the Trust or its shareholders to those of Northern Trust or any affiliated person or associated person of Northern Trust.
To deter excessive shareholder trading, a shareholder is restricted to no more than two round trips in a Portfolio during a calendar quarter. A round trip is a redemption or exchange out of a Portfolio followed by a purchase or exchange into the same Portfolio. The Trust is authorized to permit more than two round trips in a Portfolio during a calendar quarter if the Trust determines in its reasonable judgment that the Trusts excessive trading policies would not be violated. Examples of such transactions include, but are not limited to, trades involving:
| n |
asset allocation programs, wrap fee programs and other investment programs offered by financial institutions where investment decisions are made on a discretionary basis by investment professionals; |
| n |
systematic withdrawal plans and automatic exchange plans; |
| n |
reinvestment of dividends, distributions or other payments; |
| n |
a death or post-purchase disability of the beneficial owner of the account; |
| n |
minimum required distributions from retirement accounts; |
| n |
the return of excess contributions in retirement accounts; and |
| n |
redemptions initiated by a Portfolio. |
Pursuant to the policy adopted by the Board of Trustees, the Trust has developed criteria that it uses to identify trading activity that may be excessive. The Trust reviews on a regular and periodic basis available information relating to the trading activity in the Portfolios in order to assess the likelihood that a Portfolio may be the target of excessive trading. As part of its excessive trading surveillance process, the Trust, on a periodic basis, examines transactions that exceed certain monetary thresholds or numerical limits within a period of time. If, in its judgment, the Trust detects excessive, short-term trading, whether or not the shareholder has made two round trips in a calendar quarter, the Trust may reject or restrict a purchase or exchange request and may further seek to close an investors account with a Portfolio. The Trust may modify its surveillance procedures and criteria from time to time without prior notice regarding the detection of excessive trading or to address specific circumstances. The Trust will apply the criteria in a manner that, in the Trusts judgment, will be uniform.
Portfolio shares may be held through omnibus arrangements maintained by intermediaries such as broker-dealers, investment advisers, transfer agents, administrators and insurance companies. In addition, Portfolio shares may be held in omnibus 401(k) plans, retirement plans and other group accounts. Omnibus accounts include multiple investors and such accounts typically provide the Portfolios with a net purchase or redemption request on any given day where the purchases and redemptions of Portfolio shares by the investors are netted against one another. The identities of individual investors whose purchase and redemption orders are aggregated are not known by the Portfolios. While Northern Trust may monitor share turnover at the omnibus account level, a Portfolios ability to monitor and detect market timing by shareholders or apply any applicable redemption fee in these omnibus accounts is limited. The netting effect makes it more difficult to identify, locate and eliminate market timing activities. In addition, those investors who engage in market timing and other excessive trading activities may employ a variety of techniques to avoid detection. There can be no assurance that the Portfolios and Northern Trust will be able to identify all those who trade excessively or employ a market timing strategy, and curtail their trading in every instance.
If necessary, the Trust may prohibit additional purchases of Portfolio shares by a financial intermediary or by certain of the intermediarys Customers. Financial intermediaries also may monitor their Customers trading activities in the Trust. Certain financial intermediaries may monitor their Customers for excessive trading according to their own excessive trading policies. The Trust may rely on these financial intermediaries excessive trading policies in lieu of applying the Trusts policies. The financial intermediaries excessive trading policies may differ from the Trusts policies, and there is no assurance that the procedures used by financial intermediaries will be able to curtail excessive trading activity in the Trust.
IN-KIND PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS. The Trust reserves the right to accept payment for shares in the form of securities that are permissible investments for a Portfolio. The Trust also reserves the right to pay redemptions by a distribution in-kind of securities (instead of cash) from a Portfolio. See the SAI for further information about the terms of these purchases and redemptions.
TELEPHONE TRANSACTIONS. All calls may be recorded or monitored. The Transfer Agent has adopted procedures in an effort to establish reasonable safeguards against fraudulent telephone transactions. If reasonable measures are taken to verify that telephone instructions are genuine, the Trust and its service providers will not be responsible for any loss resulting from fraudulent or unauthorized instructions received over the telephone. In these circumstances, shareholders will bear the
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 19 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
risk of loss. During periods of unusual market activity, you may have trouble placing a request by telephone. In this event, consider sending your request in writing.
The proceeds of redemption orders received by telephone will be sent by check, wire or transfer according to proper instructions. All checks will be made payable to the shareholder of record and mailed only to the shareholders address of record.
The Trust reserves the right to refuse a telephone redemption.
MAKING CHANGES TO YOUR ACCOUNT INFORMATION. You may make changes to wiring instructions in writing, or to address of record or certain other account information in writing or by telephone. Written instructions must be accompanied by a completed Northern Institutional Funds Certification Form or other acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable). A signature guarantee also may be required from an institution participating in STAMP. Additional requirements may be imposed. In accordance with SEC regulations, the Trust and Transfer Agent may charge a shareholder reasonable costs in locating a shareholders current address.
SIGNATURE GUARANTEES. If a signature guarantee is required, it must be from an institution participating in STAMP, or other acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable) must be provided. Additional requirements may be imposed by the Trust. In addition to the situations described in this Prospectus, the Trust may require signature guarantees in other circumstances based on the amount of a redemption request or other factors.
BUSINESS DAY. A Business Day is each Monday through Friday when the New York Stock Exchange (the Exchange) is open for business. For any given calendar year, the Portfolios will be closed on the following holidays or as observed: New Years Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
GOOD ORDER. A purchase, redemption or exchange request is considered to be in good order when all necessary information is provided and all required documents are properly completed, signed and delivered, including a completed Northern Institutional Funds Certification Form or other acceptable evidence of authority (if applicable). Additionally, a purchase order initiating the opening of an account will not be considered to be in good order unless the investor has provided all information required by the Trusts Customer Identification Program described below.
CUSTOMER IDENTIFICATION PROGRAM. Federal law requires the Trust to obtain, verify and record identifying information, which may include the name, business street address, taxpayer identification number or other identifying information for each investor who opens or reopens an account with the Trust. Applications without this information, or without an indication that a taxpayer identification number has been applied for, may not be accepted. After acceptance, to the extent permitted by applicable law or the Trusts customer identification program, the Trust reserves the right to: (a) place limits on account transactions until an investors identity is verified; (b) refuse an investment in the Trust; or (c) involuntarily redeem an investors shares and close an account in the event that an investors identity is not verified. The Trust and its agents will not be responsible for any loss in an investors account resulting from an investors delay in providing all required identifying information or from closing an account and redeeming an investors shares when an investors identity is not verified.
EARLY CLOSINGS. The Portfolios reserve the right to advance the time for accepting purchase, redemption or exchange orders for same Business Day credit when the Exchange closes early, trading on the Exchange is restricted, an emergency arises or as otherwise permitted by the SEC. In addition, the Board of Trustees of the Portfolios may, for any Business Day, decide to change the time as of which a Portfolios NAV is calculated in response to new developments such as altered trading hours, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.
EMERGENCY OR UNUSUAL EVENTS. In the event the Exchange does not open for business because of an emergency or unusual event, the Trust may, but is not required to, open one or more Portfolios for purchase, redemption and exchange transactions if the Federal Reserve wire payment system is open. To learn whether a Portfolio is open for business during an emergency situation or unusual event, please call 800-637-1380 or visit northernfunds.com/institutional.
FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES. The Trust may authorize certain Institutions acting as financial intermediaries (including banks, trust companies, brokers and investment advisers) to accept purchase, redemption and exchange orders from their Customers on behalf of the Portfolios. These authorized intermediaries also may designate other intermediaries to accept such orders, if approved by the Trust. A Portfolio will be deemed to have received an order when the order is accepted by the authorized intermediary, and the order will be priced at the Portfolios per share NAV next determined, provided that the authorized intermediary forwards the order (and payment for any purchase order) to the Transfer Agent on behalf of the Trust within agreed-upon time periods. If the order (or payment for any purchase order) is not received by the Transfer Agent within such time periods, the authorized intermediary may be liable for fees and losses and the transaction may be cancelled.
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 20 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
Certain financial intermediaries, including affiliates of Northern Trust, may perform (or arrange to have performed) various administrative support services for Customers who are the beneficial owners of Class C or D Shares through Servicing Agreements with the Trust (Service Organizations). These agreements are permitted under the Trusts Shareholder Servicing Plan. The level of support services required by an Institution and its Customers generally will determine whether they purchase Class A, C or D Shares.
These support services may include:
| n |
processing purchase, exchange and redemption requests from investors; |
| n |
placing net purchase and redemption orders with the Transfer Agent; |
| n |
providing necessary personnel and facilities to establish and maintain investor accounts and records; and |
| n |
providing information periodically to investors showing their positions in Portfolio shares. |
For their services, Service Organizations may receive fees from the Portfolios at an annual rate of up to 0.15% and 0.25% of the average daily NAV of Class C and Class D Shares, respectively. These fees will be borne exclusively by the beneficial owners of Class C and D Shares. Because these fees are paid out of the Portfolios assets on an on-going basis, they will increase the cost of an investment in the Portfolios.
Northern Trust also may provide compensation to certain dealers and other financial intermediaries, including affiliates of Northern Trust, for marketing and distribution in connection with the Northern Institutional Funds. Northern Trust also may sponsor informational meetings, seminars and other similar programs designed to market the Northern Institutional Funds. The amount of such compensation and payments may be made on a one-time and/or periodic basis, and may represent all or a portion of the annual fees earned by the Investment Adviser (after adjustments). The additional compensation and payments will be paid by Northern Trust or its affiliates and will not represent an additional expense to the Trust or its shareholders. Such payments may provide incentives for financial intermediaries to make shares of the Portfolios available to their Customers, and may allow the Portfolios greater access to such parties and their Customers than would be the case if no payments were paid.
Customers purchasing shares of a Portfolio through a financial intermediary should read their account agreements with the financial intermediary carefully. A financial intermediarys requirements may differ from those listed in this Prospectus. A financial intermediary also may impose account charges, such as asset allocation fees, account maintenance fees, and other charges that will reduce the net return on an investment in a Portfolio. If a Customer has agreed with a particular financial intermediary to maintain a minimum balance and the balance falls below this minimum, the Customer may be required to redeem all or a portion of the Customers investment in a Portfolio.
Conflict of interest restrictions may apply to the receipt of compensation by a Service Organization or other financial intermediary in connection with the investment of fiduciary funds in Portfolio shares. Institutions, including banks regulated by the Comptroller of the Currency, Federal Reserve Board and state banking commissions, and investment advisers and other money managers subject to the jurisdiction of the SEC, the Department of Labor or state securities commissions, are urged to consult their legal counsel.
State securities laws regarding the registration of dealers may differ from federal law. As a result, Service Organizations and other financial intermediaries investing in the Portfolios on behalf of their Customers may be required to register as dealers.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS. The Portfolios, or their duly authorized service providers, may publicly disclose holdings of all Northern Institutional Funds in accordance with regulatory requirements, such as periodic portfolio disclosure in filings with the SEC. A complete schedule of each Portfolios holdings, current as of calendar quarter-end, will be available on the Trusts Web site at northernfunds.com/institutional no earlier than ten (10) calendar days after the end of the respective period. The Portfolios will also publish their top ten holdings on their Web site current as of month-end, no earlier than ten (10) calendar days after the end of the month. This information will remain available on the Web site at least until the Portfolios file with the SEC their semiannual/annual shareholder report or quarterly portfolio holdings report that includes such period. The Portfolios may terminate or modify this policy at any time without further notice to shareholders.
A further description of the Trusts Policy on Disclosure of Portfolio Holdings is available in the SAI.
SHAREHOLDER COMMUNICATIONS. Shareholders of record will be provided each year with a semiannual report showing portfolio investments and other information as of May 31 and with an annual report containing audited financial statements as of November 30. If you have consented to the delivery of a single copy of shareholder reports, prospectuses, proxy statements or information statements to all shareholders who share the same mailing address with your account, you may revoke your consent at any time by contacting the Northern Institutional Funds Center by telephone at 800-637-1380 or by mail at Northern Institutional Funds, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, IL 60675-5986.
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EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
You also may send an e-mail to northern-funds@ntrs.com. The Portfolios will begin sending individual copies to you within 30 days after receipt of your revocation.
The Trust may reproduce this Prospectus in electronic format that may be available on the Internet. If you have received this Prospectus in electronic format you, or your representative, may contact the Transfer Agent for a free paper copy of this Prospectus by writing to the Northern Institutional Funds Center at P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, IL 60675-5986, calling 800-637-1380 or by sending an e-mail to: northern-funds@ntrs.com.
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EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
DIVIDENDS AND CAPITAL GAIN DISTRIBUTIONS OF EACH PORTFOLIO ARE AUTOMATICALLY REINVESTED IN ADDITIONAL SHARES OF THE SAME PORTFOLIO WITHOUT ANY SALES CHARGE.
You may, however, elect to have dividends or capital gain distributions (or both) paid in cash or reinvested in the same class of shares of another Portfolio in the Trust at its NAV per share. If you would like to receive dividends or distributions in cash or have them reinvested in another Portfolio in the Trust, you must notify the Transfer Agent in writing. This election will become effective for distributions paid two days after its receipt by the Transfer Agent. Dividends and distributions only may be reinvested in a portfolio in the Trust in which you maintain an account.
The following table summarizes the general distribution policies for each of the Portfolios. A Portfolio may, in some years, pay additional dividends or make additional distributions to the extent necessary for the Portfolio to avoid incurring unnecessary tax liabilities or for other reasons.
| Portfolio |
Dividends, if any,
Declared and Paid |
Capital Gains, if any,
Declared and Paid |
||
|
LARGE CAP GROWTH |
Annually | Annually | ||
|
LARGE CAP EQUITY |
Annually | Annually |
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EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
The following is a summary of certain tax considerations that may be relevant to a shareholder in a Portfolio. The discussions of the federal tax consequences in this Prospectus and the SAI are based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) and the regulations issued under it, and court decisions and administrative interpretations, as in effect on the date of this Prospectus. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly alter the statements included herein, and any such changes or decisions may be retroactive. Except where otherwise indicated, the discussion relates to shareholders who are individual U.S. citizens or residents and is based on current tax law. You should consult your tax advisor for further information regarding federal, state, local and/or foreign tax consequences relevant to your specific situation.
DISTRIBUTIONS. Each Portfolio intends to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal tax purposes, and to distribute to shareholders substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gain each year. Except as otherwise noted below, you will generally be subject to federal income tax on a Portfolios distributions to you, regardless of whether they are paid in cash or reinvested in Portfolio shares. For federal income tax purposes, Portfolio distributions attributable to short-term capital gains and net investment income are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions attributable to net capital gain (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) of a Portfolio generally are taxable to you as long-term capital gains. This is true no matter how long you own your shares. The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals, estates and trusts is currently 15%. However, currently a sunset provision provides that the 15% long-term capital gain rate will increase to 20% for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010. Every year, the Trust will send you information detailing the amount of ordinary income and capital gains distributed to your account for the previous year.
Distributions of qualifying dividends will also generally be taxable to you at long-term capital gain rates, as long as certain requirements are met. In general, if 95% or more of the gross income of a Portfolio (other than net capital gain) consists of dividends received from domestic corporations or qualified foreign corporations (qualifying dividends) for when certain other requirements are met, then all distributions paid by the Portfolio to individual shareholders will be treated as qualifying dividends. But if less than 95% of the gross income of a Portfolio (other than net capital gain) consists of qualifying dividends, then distributions paid by the Portfolio to individual shareholders will be qualifying dividends only to the extent they are derived from qualifying dividends earned by the Portfolio. For the lower rates to apply, you must have owned your Portfolio shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the Portfolios ex-dividend date (and the Fund will need to have met a similar holding period requirement with respect to the shares of the corporation paying the qualifying dividend). The amount of a Portfolios distributions that qualify for this favorable treatment may be reduced as a result of the Portfolios securities lending activities (if any), a high portfolio turnover rate or investments in debt securities or non-qualified foreign corporations. This lower rate for qualifying dividends is also currently scheduled to expire after 2010. For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010, qualifying dividends will be taxed at ordinary income rates.
A portion of distributions paid by a Portfolio to shareholders who are corporations also may qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporations, subject to certain holding period requirements and debt financing limitations. The amount of the dividends qualifying for this deduction may, however, be reduced as a result of a Portfolios securities lending activities (if any), by a high portfolio turnover rate or by investments in debt securities or foreign corporations.
Distributions from each Portfolio will generally be taxable to you in the year in which they are paid, with one exception. Dividends and distributions declared by a Portfolio in October, November or December and paid in January of the following year are taxed as though they were paid on December 31.
You should note that if you buy shares of a Portfolio shortly before it makes a distribution, the distribution will be fully taxable to you even though, as an economic matter, it simply represents a return of a portion of your investment. This adverse tax result is known as buying into a dividend.
SALES AND EXCHANGES. The sale, exchange, or redemption of Portfolio shares is a taxable event on which a gain or loss may be recognized. For federal income tax purposes, an exchange of shares of one Portfolio for shares of another investment portfolio in the Trust is considered the same as a sale. The amount of gain or loss is based on the difference between your tax basis in the Portfolio shares and the amount you receive for them upon disposition. Generally, you will recognize long-term capital gain or loss if you have held your Portfolio shares for over twelve months at the time you dispose of them. Gains and losses on shares held for twelve months or less will generally constitute short-term capital gains, except that a loss on shares held six months or less will be recharacterized as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gains distributions that you have received on the shares. A loss realized on a sale or exchange of Portfolio shares may be disallowed under the so-called wash sale rules to the extent the shares disposed of are replaced with other shares of that same Portfolio within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend
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EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
reinvestment in shares of the Portfolio. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an upward adjustment to the basis of the shares acquired.
FOREIGN TAXES. Some of the Portfolios may be subject to foreign withholding taxes with respect to dividends or interest received from sources in foreign countries. If more than 50% of the value of the total assets of a Portfolio consists of stocks and securities (including debt securities) of foreign corporations at the close of a taxable year, the Portfolio may elect, for federal income tax purposes, to treat certain foreign taxes paid by them, including generally any withholding and other foreign income taxes, as paid by their shareholders. If these Portfolios make this election, the amount of such foreign taxes paid by these Portfolios will be included in their shareholders income pro rata (in addition to taxable distributions actually received by them), and such shareholders will be entitled either (1) to credit that proportionate amount of taxes against U.S. federal income tax liability as a foreign tax credit or (2) to take that amount as an itemized deduction. A Portfolio that is not eligible or chooses not to make this election will be entitled to deduct such taxes in computing the amounts it is required to distribute.
IRAS AND OTHER TAX-QUALIFIED PLANS. The one major exception to the preceding tax principles is that distributions on, and sales, exchanges and redemptions of, shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plan will not be currently taxable unless shares are acquired with borrowed funds.
BACKUP WITHHOLDING. The Trust will be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 28% of the dividends and gross sales proceeds paid to any shareholder (i) who had provided either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all, (ii) who is subject to backup withholding by the Internal Revenue Service for failure to report the receipt of taxable interest or dividend income properly, or (iii) who has failed to certify to the Trust, when required to do so, that he or she is not subject to backup withholding or that he or she is an exempt recipient.
U.S. TAX TREATMENT OF FOREIGN SHAREHOLDERS. Nonresident aliens, foreign corporations and other foreign investors in the Portfolios will generally be exempt from U.S. federal income tax on Portfolio distributions attributable to net capital gains and, in the case of distributions attributable to each Portfolios taxable years ending on or before November 30, 2010, net short-term capital gains, of the Portfolio. The exemption may not apply, however, if the investment in a Portfolio is connected to a trade or business of the foreign investor in the United States or if the foreign investor is present in the United States for 183 days or more in a year and certain other conditions are met.
Portfolio distributions attributable to other categories of Portfolio income, such as dividends from companies whose securities are held by a Portfolio, will generally be subject to a 30% withholding tax when paid to foreign shareholders. The withholding tax may, however, be reduced (and, in some cases, eliminated) under an applicable tax treaty between the United States and a shareholders country of residence or incorporation, provided that the shareholder furnishes the Portfolio with a properly completed Form W-8BEN to establish entitlement for these treaty benefits. Also, for each Portfolios taxable years ending on or before November 30, 2010, Portfolio distributions attributable to and properly designated by a Portfolio as U.S.-source interest income of the Portfolio will be exempt from U.S. federal income tax for foreign investors, but such investors may need to file a federal income tax return to obtain a refund of any withholding taxes.
For the Portfolios taxable years beginning after November 30, 2010, the exemption of foreign investors from U.S. federal income tax on Portfolio distributions attributable to U.S.-source interest income and short-term capital gains will be unavailable, but distributions attributable to long-term capital gains will continue to be exempt.
A foreign investor will generally not be subject to U.S. tax on gains realized on sales or exchanges of Portfolio shares unless the investment in the Portfolio is connected to a trade or business of the investor in the United States or if the investor is present in the United States for 183 days or more in a year and certain other conditions are met.
All foreign investors should consult their own tax advisors regarding the tax consequences in their country of residence of an investment in a Portfolio.
STATE AND LOCAL TAXES. You also may be subject to state and local taxes on income and gain attributable to your ownership of Portfolio shares. State income taxes may not apply, however, to the portions of a Portfolios distributions, if any, that are attributable to interest earned by the Portfolio on U.S. government securities. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the tax status of distributions in your state and locality.
CONSULT YOUR TAX PROFESSIONAL. Your investment in the Portfolios could have additional tax consequences. You should consult your tax professional for information regarding all tax consequences applicable to your investments in a Portfolio. More tax information relating to the Portfolios is also provided in the SAI. This short summary is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.
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EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ON INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES, PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RELATED RISKS
All investments carry some degree of risk that will affect the value of a Portfolios investments, its investment performance and the price of its shares. As a result, loss of money is a risk of investing in each Portfolio.
This section takes a closer look at some of the Portfolios principal investment strategies and related risks.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES. The investment objectives of the Portfolios may not be changed without shareholder approval.
EQUITY SECURITIES. Equity securities include common stocks, preferred stocks, investment companies including exchange-traded funds (ETFs), interests in real estate investment trusts (REITs), convertible securities, equity interests in trusts, partnerships, joint ventures, limited liability companies and similar enterprises, warrants, stock purchase rights and synthetic and derivative instruments that have economic characteristics similar to equity securities.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each of the Portfolios invests primarily in equity securities.
SPECIAL RISKS. Investing in equity securities involves market risk. Market risk is the risk that the value of the securities in which a Portfolio invests may go up or down in response to the prospects of individual issuers and/or general economic conditions. Securities markets may experience great short-term volatility and may fall sharply at times. Different markets may behave differently from each other and a foreign market may move in the opposite direction from the U.S. market. Stock prices have historically risen and fallen in periodic cycles. In general, the values of equity investments fluctuate in response to the activities of individual companies and in response to general market and economic conditions. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods. Accordingly, the values of the equity investments that a Portfolio holds may decline over short or extended periods. This volatility means that the value of your investment in the Portfolios may increase or decrease. You could lose money over short periods due to fluctuation in a Portfolios NAV in response to market movements, and over longer periods during market downturns.
Over the past several years, stock markets have experienced substantial price volatility. Growth stocks are generally more sensitive to market movements than other types of stocks and their stock prices may therefore be more volatile and present a higher degree of risk of loss. Value stocks, on the other hand, may fall out of favor with investors and underperform growth stocks during any given period.
EXCHANGE RATE-RELATED SECURITIES. Exchange rate-related securities represent certain foreign debt obligations whose principal values are linked to a foreign currency but which are repaid in U.S. dollars.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each of the Portfolios may invest in exchange rate-related securities.
SPECIAL RISKS. The principal payable on an exchange rate-related security is subject to currency risk. In addition, the potential illiquidity and high volatility of the foreign exchange market may make exchange rate-related securities difficult to sell prior to maturity at an appropriate price.
FORWARD CURRENCY EXCHANGE CONTRACTS. A forward currency exchange contract is an obligation to exchange one currency for another on a future date at a specified exchange rate.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each of the Portfolios may enter into forward currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes and to help reduce the risks and volatility caused by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. Foreign currency exchange contracts will be used at the discretion of the investment management team, and no Portfolio is required to hedge its foreign currency positions.
SPECIAL RISKS. Forward foreign currency contracts are privately negotiated transactions, and can have substantial price volatility. As a result, they offer less protection against default by the other party than is available for instruments traded on an exchange. When used for hedging purposes, they tend to limit any potential gain that may be realized if the value of a Portfolios foreign holdings increases because of currency fluctuations. The institutions that deal in forward currency contracts are not required to continue to make markets in the currencies they trade and these markets can experience periods of illiquidity.
FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS. A futures contract is a type of derivative instrument that obligates the holder to buy or sell a specified financial instrument or currency in the future at an agreed upon price. For example, a futures contract may obligate a Portfolio, at maturity, to take or make delivery of certain domestic or foreign securities, the cash value of a securities index or a stated quantity of a foreign currency. When a Portfolio purchases an option on a futures contract, it has the right to assume a position as a purchaser or seller of a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the option period. When a Portfolio sells an option on a futures contract, it becomes obligated to purchase or sell a futures contract if the option is exercised.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may invest
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 26 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
in futures contracts and options on futures contracts on domestic or foreign exchanges or boards of trade. These investments may be used for hedging purposes, to seek to increase total return or to maintain liquidity to meet potential shareholder redemptions, to invest cash balances or dividends or to minimize trading costs.
The Trust, on behalf of each Portfolio, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act, and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under that Act with respect to the Portfolios.
SPECIAL RISKS. Futures contracts and options present the following risks: imperfect correlation between the change in market value of a Portfolios securities and the price of futures contracts and options; the possible inability to close a futures contract when desired; losses due to unanticipated market movements which potentially are unlimited; and the possible inability of the investment management team to correctly predict the direction of securities prices, interest rates, currency exchange rates and other economic factors. Futures markets are highly volatile and the use of futures may increase the volatility of a Portfolios NAV. As a result of the low margin deposits normally required in futures trading, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in substantial losses to a Portfolio. Futures contracts and options on futures may be illiquid, and exchanges may limit fluctuations in futures contract prices during a single day. Foreign exchanges or boards of trade generally do not offer the same protections as U.S. exchanges.
PORTFOLIO TURNOVER. The Investment Adviser will not consider the portfolio turnover rate a limiting factor in making investment decisions for the Portfolios. A high portfolio turnover rate (100% or more) is likely to involve higher brokerage commissions and other transaction costs, which could reduce a Portfolios return. It also may result in higher short-term capital gains that are taxable to shareholders. See Financial Highlights for the Portfolios historical portfolio turnover rates.
PREFERRED STOCK. Preferred stocks are securities that represent an ownership interest providing the holder with claims on the issuers earnings and assets before common stock owners but after bond owners.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may invest in preferred stocks.
SPECIAL RISKS. Unlike most debt securities, the obligations of an issuer of preferred stock, including dividend and other payment obligations, typically may not be accelerated by the holders of such preferred stock on the occurrence of an event of default or other non-compliance by the issuer of the preferred stock.
SECURITIES LENDING. In order to generate additional income, the Portfolios may lend securities to banks, brokers and dealers or other qualified institutions. In exchange, the Portfolios will receive collateral equal to at least 100% of the value of the securities loaned.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Securities lending may represent no more than one-third of the value of a Portfolios total assets (including the loan collateral). Any cash collateral received by a Portfolio in connection with these loans may be invested in a variety of short-term investments, either directly or indirectly through money market portfolios. Loan collateral (including any investment of the collateral) is not included in the calculation of the percentage limitations described elsewhere in this Prospectus regarding a Portfolios investments in particular types of securities.
SPECIAL RISKS. A principal risk when lending portfolio securities is that the borrower might become insolvent or refuse to honor its obligation to return the securities. In this event, a Portfolio could experience delays in recovering its securities and possibly may incur a capital loss. A Portfolio will be responsible for any loss that might result from its investment of the cash collateral it receives from a borrower. Additionally, the amount of a Portfolios distributions that qualify for taxation at reduced long-term capital gains rates for individuals, as well as the amount of a Portfolios distributions that qualify for the dividends received deduction available to corporate shareholders (together, qualifying dividends) may be reduced as a result of such Portfolios securities lending activities. This is because any dividends paid on securities while on loan will not be deemed to have been received by such Portfolio, and the equivalent amount paid to the Portfolio by the borrower of the securities will not be deemed to be a qualifying dividend.
ADDITIONAL DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES AND COMMON INVESTMENT TECHNIQUES
This section explores various other investment securities and techniques that the Investment Adviser may use.
ASSET-BACKED SECURITIES. Asset-backed securities are sponsored by entities such as government agencies, banks, financial companies and commercial or industrial companies. Asset-backed securities represent participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of assets such as mortgages, automobile loans, credit card receivables and other financial assets. In effect, these securities pass through the monthly payments that individual borrowers make on their mortgages or other assets net of any fees paid to the issuers. Examples of these include guaranteed mortgage pass-through certificates, CMOs and real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs). Examples of asset-backed securities also include
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EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
collateralized debt obligations (CDOs), which include collateralized bond obligations (CBOs), collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and other similarly structured securities. A CBO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool that is backed by a diversified pool of high risk, below-investment-grade fixed-income securities. A CLO is a trust typically collateralized by a pool of loans that may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans; senior unsecured loans; and other subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below-investment-grade or equivalent unrated loans.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may purchase these and other types of asset-backed securities. The Portfolios also may invest to a moderate extent in CDOs. Such securities are subject to the same quality requirements as the other types of fixed-income securities held by a Portfolio.
SPECIAL RISKS. In addition to credit and market risk, asset-backed securities may involve prepayment risk because the underlying assets (loans) may be prepaid at any time. The value of these securities also may change because of actual or perceived changes in the creditworthiness of the originator, the service agent, the financial institution providing the credit support or the counterparty. Credit supports generally apply only to a fraction of a securitys value. Like other fixed-income securities, when interest rates rise, the value of an asset-backed security generally will decline. However, when interest rates decline, the value of an asset-backed security with prepayment features may not increase as much as that of other fixed-income securities. In addition, non-mortgage asset-backed securities involve certain risks not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Primarily, these securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the underlying collateral. Credit card receivables generally are unsecured, and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws. Automobile receivables are subject to the risk that the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have an effective security interest in all of the obligations backing the receivables. If the issuer of the security has no security interest in the related collateral, there is the risk that a Portfolio could lose money if the issuer defaults. CBOs and CLOs are generally offered in tranches that vary in risk and yield. Both CBOs and CLOs can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults of the underlying collateral, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of junior tranches that protect the more senior tranches, market anticipation of defaults and aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class. As a result of the economic recession that commenced in the United States in 2008, there is a heightened risk that the receivables and loans underlying the asset-backed securities purchased by the Portfolios may suffer greater levels of default than were historically experienced. In addition to prepayment risk, investments in mortgage-backed securities comprised of subprime mortgages and investments in other asset-backed securities of underperforming assets may be subject to a higher degree of credit risk, valuation risk, and liquidity risk. Recently, delinquencies, defaults and losses on residential mortgage loans have increased substantially and may continue to increase, which may affect the performance of the mortgage-backed securities in which the Portfolios invest.
BORROWINGS AND REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. The Portfolios may borrow money and enter into reverse repurchase agreements. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the sale of securities held by a Portfolio subject to the Portfolios agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price (including interest).
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each Portfolio may borrow and enter into reverse repurchase agreements in amounts not exceeding one-fourth of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed). The Portfolios may enter into reverse repurchase agreements when the investment management team expects that the interest income to be earned from the investment of the transaction proceeds will be greater than the related interest expense.
SPECIAL RISKS. Borrowings and reverse repurchase agreements involve leveraging. If the securities held by the Portfolios decline in value while these transactions are outstanding, the NAV of the Portfolios outstanding shares will decline in value by proportionately more than the decline in value of the securities. In addition, reverse repurchase agreements involve the risks that (a) the interest income earned by a Portfolio (from the investment of the proceeds) will be less than the interest expense of the transaction; (b) the market value of the securities sold by a Portfolio will decline below the price the Portfolio is obligated to pay to repurchase the securities; and (c) the securities may not be returned to the Portfolio.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. A convertible security is a bond or preferred stock that may be converted (exchanged) into the common stock of the issuing company within a specified time period for a specified number of shares. Convertible securities offer a way to participate in the capital appreciation of the common stock into which the securities are convertible, while earning higher current income than is available from the common stock.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Portfolios may each acquire convertible securities. These securities are subject to the same rating requirements as fixed-income securities held by a Portfolio.
SPECIAL RISKS. The price of a convertible security normally will vary in some proportion to changes in the price of the underlying common stock because of either a conversion or
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EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
exercise feature. However, the value of a convertible security may not increase or decrease as rapidly as the underlying common stock. Additionally, a convertible security normally also will provide income and therefore is subject to interest rate risk. While convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible fixed-income securities of similar quality, their value tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock increases and to decrease when the value of the underlying stock decreases. Also, a Portfolio may be forced to convert a security before it would otherwise choose, which may have an adverse effect on the Portfolios return and its ability to achieve its investment objective.
CUSTODIAL RECEIPTS. Custodial receipts are participations in trusts that hold U.S. government, bank, corporate or other obligations. They entitle the holder to future interest payments or principal payments or both on securities held by the custodian.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest a portion of their assets in custodial receipts.
SPECIAL RISKS. Like other stripped securities (which are described below), custodial receipts may be subject to greater price volatility than ordinary debt obligations because of the way in which their principal and interest are returned to investors.
DERIVATIVES. The Portfolios may purchase certain derivative instruments for hedging or speculative purposes. A derivative is a financial instrument whose value is derived from, or based upon, the performance of underlying assets, interest or currency exchange rates, or other indices and may be leveraged. Derivatives include futures contracts, options, interest rate and currency swaps, equity swaps, forward currency contracts and structured securities (including collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) and other types of asset-backed securities, stripped securities and various floating rate instruments, including leveraged inverse floaters).
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Under normal market conditions, a Portfolio may to a moderate extent invest in derivative securities including structured securities, options, futures, swaps and interest rate caps and floors if the potential risks and rewards are consistent with the Portfolios objective, strategies and overall risk profile. In unusual circumstances, including times of increased market volatility, a Portfolio may make more significant investments in derivatives. A Portfolio may use derivatives for hedging purposes to offset a potential loss in one position by establishing an interest in an opposite position. The Portfolios also may use derivatives for speculative purposes to invest for potential income or capital gain. Each Portfolio may invest more than 5% of its assets in derivative instruments for non-hedging purposes (i.e. for potential income or gain).
SPECIAL RISKS. An investment in derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates and sudden fluctuations in market prices than conventional securities. Investments in derivative instruments, which may be leveraged, may result in losses exceeding the amounts invested. A Portfolios losses may be greater if it invests in derivatives than if it invests only in conventional securities. Engaging in derivative transactions involves special risks, including (a) market risk that the Portfolios derivatives position will lose value; (b) credit risk that the counterparty to the transaction will default; (c) leveraging risk that the value of the derivative instrument will decline more than the value of the assets on which it is based; (d) illiquidity risk that a Portfolio will be unable to sell its position because of lack of market depth or disruption; (e) pricing risk that the value of a derivative instrument will be difficult to determine; and (f) operations risk that loss will occur as a result of inadequate systems or human error. Many types of derivatives have been developed recently and have not been tested over complete market cycles. For these reasons, a Portfolio may suffer a loss whether or not the analysis of the Investment Adviser is accurate.
In order to secure its obligations in connection with derivative contracts or special transactions, a Portfolio will either own the underlying assets, enter into offsetting transactions or set aside cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement may cause the Portfolio to miss favorable trading opportunities, due to a lack of sufficient cash or readily marketable securities. This requirement also may cause the Portfolio to realize losses on offsetting or terminated derivative contracts or special transactions.
EQUITY SWAPS. Equity swaps allow the parties to the swap agreement to exchange components of return on one equity investment (e.g., a basket of equity securities or an index) for a component of return on another non-equity or equity investment, including an exchange of differential rates of return.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Portfolios may invest in equity swaps. Equity swaps may be used to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in circumstances where direct investment may be restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impractical. Equity swaps also may be used for other purposes, such as hedging or seeking to increase total return.
SPECIAL RISKS. Equity swaps are derivative instruments and their values can be very volatile. To the extent that the investment management team does not accurately analyze and predict the potential relative fluctuation on the components swapped with the other party, a Portfolio may suffer a loss, which is potentially unlimited. The value of some components of an equity swap (such as the dividends on a common stock)
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also may be sensitive to changes in interest rates. Furthermore, during the period a swap is outstanding, a Portfolio may suffer a loss if the counterparty defaults. Because equity swaps normally are illiquid, a Portfolio may not be able to terminate its obligations when desired.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS. Foreign securities include direct investments in non-U.S. dollar-denominated securities traded primarily outside of the United States and dollar-denominated securities of foreign issuers. Foreign securities also include indirect investments such as American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). ADRs are U.S. dollar-denominated receipts representing shares of foreign-based corporations. ADRs are receipts that are traded in the U.S., and entitle the holder to all dividend and capital gain distributions that are paid out on the underlying foreign shares. EDRs and GDRs are receipts that often trade on foreign exchanges. They represent ownership in an underlying foreign or U.S. security and generally are denominated in a foreign currency. Foreign government obligations may include debt obligations of supranational entities, including international organizations (such as the European Coal and Steel Community and The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development, also known as the World Bank) and international banking institutions and related government agencies.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Although they invest primarily in the securities of U.S. issuers, the Portfolios are permitted to invest up to 25% of their total assets in foreign securities including ADRs, EDRs and GDRs. These Portfolios also may invest in foreign time deposits and other short-term instruments.
SPECIAL RISKS. Foreign securities involve special risks and costs, which are considered by the Investment Adviser in evaluating the creditworthiness of issuers and making investment decisions for the Portfolios. Foreign securities fluctuate in price because of political, financial, social and economic events in foreign countries. A foreign security could also lose value because of more or less stringent foreign securities regulations and less stringent accounting and disclosure standards. In addition, foreign markets may have greater volatility than domestic markets and foreign securities may be less liquid and harder to value than domestic securities.
Foreign securities, and in particular foreign debt securities, are sensitive to changes in interest rates. In addition, investment in the securities of foreign governments involves the risk that foreign governments may default on their obligations or may otherwise not respect the integrity of their obligations. The performance of investments in securities denominated in a foreign currency also will depend, in part, on the strength of the foreign currency against the U.S. dollar and the interest rate environment in the country issuing the currency. Absent other events which otherwise could affect the value of a foreign security (such as a change in the political climate or an issuers credit quality), appreciation in the value of the foreign currency generally results in an increase in value of a foreign currency-denominated security in terms of U.S. dollars. A decline in the value of the foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar generally results in a decrease in value of a foreign currency-denominated security. Additionally, many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its markets decline. For example, the decline in the U.S. subprime mortgage market quickly spread throughout global credit markets, triggering a liquidity crisis that affected fixed-income and equity markets around the world.
Investment in foreign securities may involve higher costs than investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as well as the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments. Foreign investments also may involve risks associated with the level of currency exchange rates, less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability. Future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on dividend income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange controls or freezes on the convertibility of currency, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Additionally, foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements and to different accounting, auditing and recordkeeping requirements.
While the Portfolios investments may, if permitted, be denominated in foreign currencies, the portfolio securities and other assets held by the Portfolios are valued in U.S. dollars. Price fluctuations may occur in the dollar value of foreign securities because of changing currency exchange rates or, in the case of hedged positions, because the U.S dollar declines in value relative to the currency hedged. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time causing a Portfolios NAV to fluctuate as well. Currency exchange rates can be affected unpredictably by the intervention or the failure to intervene by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. To the extent that a Portfolio is invested in foreign securities while also maintaining currency positions, it may be exposed to greater combined risk. The Portfolios respective net currency positions may expose them to risks independent of their securities positions.
A Portfolios assets may be concentrated in countries located in the same geographic region. This concentration will subject the
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Portfolio to risks associated with that particular region, such as general and local economic, political and social conditions.
On January 1, 1999, the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) introduced a new single currency called the euro. The euro has replaced the national currencies of many European countries.
The European Central Bank has control over each member countrys monetary policies. Therefore, the member countries no longer control their own monetary policies by directing independent interest rates for their currencies. The national governments of the participating countries, however, have retained the authority to set tax and spending policies and public debt levels.
The change to the euro as a single currency is relatively new. The elimination of the currency risk among EMU countries has affected the economic environment and behavior of investors, particularly in European markets, but the long-term impact of those changes on currency values or on the business or financial condition of European countries and issuers cannot fully be assessed at this time. In addition, the introduction of the euro presents other unique uncertainties, including the fluctuation of the euro relative to non-euro currencies; whether the interest rate, tax and labor regimes of European countries participating in the euro will converge over time; and whether the conversion of the currencies of other countries that now are or may in the future become members of the European Union (EU) will have an impact on the euro. Also, it is possible that the euro could be abandoned in the future by countries that have already adopted its use. These or other events, including political and economic developments, could cause market disruptions, and could affect adversely the values of securities held by the Portfolios.
Additional risks are involved when a Portfolio invests in countries with emerging economies or securities markets. These countries generally are located in the Asia and Pacific regions, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Central and South America and Africa. Political and economic structures in many of these countries may be undergoing significant evolution and rapid development, and these countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristics of developed countries. In general, the securities markets of these countries are less liquid, are especially subject to greater price volatility, have smaller market capitalizations, have less government regulation and are not subject to as frequent accounting, financial and other reporting requirements as the securities markets of more developed countries as has historically been the case. As a result the risks presented by investments in these countries are heightened. These countries also have problems with securities registration and custody. Additionally, settlement procedures in emerging countries are frequently less developed and reliable than those in the United States, and may involve a Portfolios delivery of securities before receipt of payment for their sale. Settlement or registration problems may make it more difficult for a Portfolio to value its portfolio securities and could cause the Portfolio to miss attractive investment opportunities, to have a portion of its assets uninvested or to incur losses due to the failure of a counterparty to pay for securities the Portfolio has delivered or the Portfolios inability to complete its contractual obligations. A Portfolios purchase and sale of portfolio securities in certain emerging countries may be constrained by limitations relating to daily changes in the prices of listed securities, periodic trading or settlement volume and/or limitations on aggregate holdings of foreign investors. Such limitations may be computed based on the aggregate trading volume or holdings of the Portfolio, the investment adviser, its affiliates and their respective clients and other service providers. A Portfolio may not be able to sell securities in circumstances where price, trading or settlement volume limitations have been reached. As a result of these and other risks, investments in these countries generally present a greater risk of loss to a Portfolio.
Investments in some emerging countries, such as those located in Asia, may be restricted or controlled. In some countries, direct investments in securities may be prohibited and required to be made through investment funds controlled by such countries. These limitations may increase transaction costs and adversely affect a securitys liquidity, price, and the rights of a Portfolio in connection with the security.
Unanticipated political, economic or social developments may affect the value of a Portfolios investments in emerging market countries and the availability to the Portfolio of additional investments in these countries. Some of these countries may have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and may have at times nationalized or expropriated the assets of private companies. There have been occasional limitations on the movements of funds and other assets between different countries. The small size and inexperience of the securities markets in certain of such countries and the limited volume of trading in securities in those countries may make a Portfolios investments in such countries illiquid and more volatile than investments in Japan or most Western European countries, and a Portfolio may be required to establish special custodial or other arrangements before making certain investments in those countries. There may be little financial or accounting information available with respect to issuers located in certain of such countries, and it may be difficult as a result to assess the value or prospects of an investment in such issuers.
Many emerging countries are subject to rapid currency devaluations and high inflation and/or economic recession and significant debt levels. These economic factors can have a
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material adverse effect on these countries economies and their securities markets. Moreover, many emerging countries economies are based on only a few industries and/or are heavily dependent on global trade. Therefore, they may be negatively affected by declining commodity prices, factors affecting their trading markets and partners, exchange controls and other trade barriers, currency valuations and other protectionist measures.
From time to time, certain of the companies in which a Portfolio may invest may operate in, or have dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. A company may suffer damage to its reputation if it is identified as a company which operates in, or has dealings with, countries subject to sanctions or embargoes imposed by the U.S. government and the United Nations and/or countries identified by the U.S. government as state sponsors of terrorism. As an investor in such companies, a Portfolio will be indirectly subject to those risks.
Many emerging countries also impose withholding or other taxes on foreign investments, which may be substantial and result in lower Portfolio returns.
The creditworthiness of firms used by a Portfolio to effect securities transactions in emerging countries may not be as strong as in some developed countries. As a result, a Portfolio could be subject to a greater risk of loss on its securities transactions if a firm defaults on its responsibilities.
A Portfolios ability to manage its foreign currency may be restricted in emerging countries. As a result, a significant portion of a Portfolios currency exposure in these countries may not be covered.
The recent decline in the U.S. economy as a result of the subprime crisis may have a disproportionately more adverse effect on economies of emerging markets.
ILLIQUID OR RESTRICTED SECURITIES. Illiquid securities include repurchase agreements and time deposits with notice/termination dates of more than seven days, certain variable amount master demand notes that cannot be called within seven days, certain insurance funding agreements (see Insurance Funding Agreements below), certain unlisted over-the-counter options and other securities that are traded in the U.S. but are subject to trading restrictions because they are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), and both foreign and domestic securities that are not readily marketable.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each Portfolio may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are illiquid. If otherwise consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act and securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act but can be sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (Rule 144A Securities). These securities will not be considered illiquid so long as the Investment Adviser determines, under guidelines approved by the Trusts Board of Trustees, that an adequate trading market exists.
SPECIAL RISKS. Because illiquid and restricted securities may be difficult to sell at an acceptable price, they may be subject to greater volatility and may result in a loss to a Portfolio. The practice of investing in Rule 144A Securities could increase the level of a Portfolios illiquidity during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these securities. Securities purchased by a Portfolio that are liquid at the time of purchase may subsequently become illiquid due to events relating to the issuer of the securities, market events, economic conditions and/or investor perception.
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERINGS. An IPO is a companys first offering of stock to the public.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. At times, the Portfolios may invest in IPOs.
SPECIAL RISKS. An IPO presents the risk that the market value of IPO shares will fluctuate considerably due to factors such as the absence of a prior public market, unseasoned trading, the small number of shares available for trading and limited information about the issuer. The purchase of IPO shares may involve high transaction costs. IPO shares are subject to market risk and liquidity risk. When a Portfolios asset base is small, a significant portion of the Portfolios performance could be attributable to investments in IPOs, because such investments would have a magnified impact on the Portfolio. As the Portfolios assets grow, the effect of the Portfolios investments in IPOs on the Portfolios performance probably will decline, which could reduce the Portfolios performance. Because of the price volatility of IPO shares, a Portfolio may choose to hold IPO shares for a very short period of time. This may increase the turnover of a portfolio and may lead to increased expenses to the Portfolio, such as commissions and transaction costs. By selling IPO shares, the Portfolio may realize taxable gains it subsequently will distribute to shareholders. In addition, the market for IPO shares can be speculative and/or inactive for extended periods of time. There is no assurance that the Portfolio will be able to obtain allocable portions of IPO shares. The limited number of shares available for trading in some IPOs may make it more difficult for the Portfolio to buy or sell significant amounts of shares without an unfavorable impact on prevailing prices. Investors in IPO shares can be affected by substantial dilution in the value of their shares, by sales of
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additional shares and by concentration of control in existing management and principal shareholders. The Portfolios investments in IPO shares may include the securities of unseasoned companies (companies with less than three years of continuous operations), which present risks considerably greater than common stocks of more established companies. These companies may have limited operating histories and their prospects for profitability may be uncertain. These companies may be involved in new and evolving businesses and may be vulnerable to competition and changes in technology, markets and economic conditions. They may be more dependent on key managers and third parties and may have limited product lines.
INSURANCE FUNDING AGREEMENTS. An insurance funding agreement (IFA) is an agreement that requires a Portfolio to make cash contributions to a deposit fund of an insurance companys general account. The insurance company then credits interest to the Portfolio for a set time period.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Portfolios may invest in IFAs issued by insurance companies that meet quality and credit standards established by the Investment Adviser.
SPECIAL RISKS. IFAs are not insured by a government agencythey are backed only by the insurance company that issues them. As a result, they are subject to default risk of the non-governmental issuer. In addition, the transfer of IFAs may be restricted and an active secondary market in IFAs currently does not exist. This means that it may be difficult or impossible to sell an IFA at an appropriate price.
INTEREST RATE SWAPS, CURRENCY SWAPS, TOTAL RATE OF RETURN SWAPS, CREDIT SWAPS, AND INTEREST RATE FLOORS, CAPS AND COLLARS. Interest rate and currency swaps are contracts that obligate a Portfolio and another party to exchange their rights to pay or receive interest or specified amounts of currency, respectively. Interest rate floors entitle the purchasers to receive interest payments if a specified index falls below a predetermined interest rate. Interest rate caps entitle the purchasers to receive interest payments if a specified index exceeds a predetermined interest rate. An interest rate collar is a combination of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined range of interest rates. Total rate of return swaps are contracts that obligate a party to pay or receive interest in exchange for the payment by the other party of the total return generated by a security, a basket of securities, an index or an index component. Credit swaps are contracts involving the receipt of floating or fixed rate payments in exchange for assuming potential credit losses of an underlying security. Credit swaps give one party to a transaction the right to dispose of or acquire an asset (or group of assets) or, in the case of credit default swaps, the right to receive or make a payment from the other party, upon the occurrence of specific credit events.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may enter into swap transactions and transactions involving interest rate floors, caps and collars for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return.
SPECIAL RISKS. The use of swaps and interest rate floors, caps and collars is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Like other derivative securities, these instruments can be highly volatile. If an Investment Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and currency exchange rates, the investment performance of a Portfolio would be less favorable than it would have been if these instruments were not used.
Because these instruments normally are illiquid, a Portfolio may not be able to terminate its obligations when desired. In addition, if a Portfolio is obligated to pay the return under the terms of a total rate of return swap, Portfolio losses due to unanticipated market movements potentially are unlimited. A Portfolio also may suffer a loss if the other party to a transaction defaults. Credit default swaps involve special risks in addition to those mentioned above because they are difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and credit risk, and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty).
INVESTMENT COMPANIES. Affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies include, but are not limited to, money market funds, index funds, country funds (i.e., funds that invest primarily in issuers located in a specific foreign country or region), iShares ® , S&Ps Depositary Receipts ® (SPDRs) and other ETFs. Other investment companies in which the Portfolios may invest include other funds for which the Investment Adviser or any of its affiliates serve as investment advisers.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in securities issued by other affiliated or unaffiliated investment companies. Investments by a Portfolio in other investment companies, including ETFs, will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act except as permitted by SEC orders. The Portfolios may rely on SEC orders that permit them to invest in certain ETFs beyond the limits contained in the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions. Although the Portfolios do not expect to do so in the foreseeable future, each Portfolio is authorized to invest substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof that has substantially the same investment objective, strategies and fundamental restrictions as the Portfolio.
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SPECIAL RISKS. As a shareholder of another investment company, a Portfolio would be subject to the same risks as any other investor in that company. It also would bear a proportionate share of any fees and expenses paid by that company. These expenses would be in addition to the advisory and other fees paid directly by the Portfolio. A Portfolios investment in an ETF involves other considerations. In particular, shares of ETFs are listed and traded on securities exchanges and in over-the-counter markets, and the purchase and sale of these shares involve transaction fees and commissions. In addition, shares of an ETF are issued in creation units and are not redeemable individually except upon termination of the ETF. To redeem, a Portfolio must accumulate enough shares of an ETF to reconstitute a creation unit. The liquidity of a small holding of an ETF, therefore, will depend upon the existence of a secondary market. Also, even though the market price of an ETF is derived from the securities it owns, such price at any given time may be at, below or above the ETFs NAV.
INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES. A security is considered investment grade if, at the time of purchase, it is rated:
| n |
BBB or higher by S&P; |
| n |
Baa3 or higher by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys); |
| n |
BBB or higher by Fitch Ratings (Fitch); or |
| n |
BBB or higher by Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited (Dominion). |
A security will be considered investment grade if it receives one of the above ratings, or a comparable rating from another organization that is recognized as a Nationally Recognized Statistical Rating Organization (NRSRO), even if it receives a lower rating from other rating organizations. An unrated security also may be considered investment grade if the Investment Adviser determines that the security is comparable in quality to a security that has been rated investment grade.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Portfolios may invest in fixed-income and convertible securities to the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies. Except as stated in the section entitled Non-Investment Grade Securities, fixed-income and convertible securities purchased by the Portfolios generally will be investment grade.
SPECIAL RISKS. Although securities rated BBB by S&P, Dominion or Fitch, or Baa3 by Moodys are considered investment grade, they have certain speculative characteristics. Therefore, they may be subject to a higher risk of default than obligations with higher ratings. Subsequent to its purchase by a Portfolio, a rated security may cease to be rated or its rating may be reduced below the minimum rating required for purchase by the Portfolio and may be in default. The Investment Adviser will consider such an event in determining whether the Portfolio should continue to hold the security.
MORTGAGE DOLLAR ROLLS. A mortgage dollar roll involves the sale by a Portfolio of securities for delivery in the future (generally within 30 days). The Portfolio simultaneously contracts with the same counterparty to repurchase substantially similar (same type, coupon and maturity) but not identical securities on a specified future date. During the roll period, the Portfolio loses the right to receive principal and interest paid on the securities sold. However, the Portfolio benefits to the extent of any difference between (a) the price received for the securities sold and (b) the lower forward price for the future purchase and/or fee income plus the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the securities sold.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may enter into mortgage dollar rolls in an effort to enhance investment performance. For financial reporting and tax purposes, the Portfolios treat mortgage dollar rolls as two separate transactions: one involving the purchase of a security and a separate transaction involving a sale. The Portfolios currently do not intend to enter into mortgage dollar rolls that are accounted for as financing and do not treat them as borrowings.
SPECIAL RISKS. Successful use of mortgage dollar rolls depends upon the Investment Advisers ability to predict correctly interest rates and mortgage prepayments. If the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its prediction, a Portfolio may experience a loss. Unless the benefits of a mortgage dollar roll exceed the income, capital appreciation and gain or loss due to mortgage prepayments that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the roll, the use of this technique will diminish the Portfolios performance.
NON-INVESTMENT GRADE SECURITIES. Non-investment grade fixed-income and convertible securities (sometimes referred to as junk bonds) generally are rated BB or below by S&P, Dominion or Fitch, or Ba or below by Moodys (or have received a comparable rating from another NRSRO), or, if unrated, are determined to be of comparable quality by the Investment Adviser.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. The Portfolios may invest up to 15% of their total assets, measured at the time of purchase, in non-investment grade fixed-income and convertible securities, when the investment management team determines that such securities are desirable in light of the Portfolios investment objectives and portfolio mix.
SPECIAL RISKS. Non-investment grade fixed-income and convertible securities are considered predominantly speculative by traditional investment standards. The market value of these
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low-rated securities tends to be more sensitive to individual corporate developments and changes in interest rates and economic conditions than higher-rated securities. In addition, they generally present a higher degree of credit risk. Issuers of low-rated securities are often highly leveraged, so their ability to repay their debt during an economic downturn or periods of rising interest rates may be impaired. The risk of loss due to default by these issuers also is greater because low-rated securities generally are unsecured and often are subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the issuers of such securities. Investment by a Portfolio in defaulted securities poses additional risk of loss should nonpayment of principal and interest continue in respect of such securities. Even if such securities are held to maturity, recovery by a Portfolio of its initial investment and any anticipated income or appreciation will be uncertain. A Portfolio also may incur additional expenses in seeking recovery on defaulted securities.
The secondary market for lower quality securities is concentrated in relatively few market makers and is dominated by institutional investors. Accordingly, the secondary market for such securities is not as liquid as, and is more volatile than, the secondary market for higher quality securities. In addition, market trading volume for these securities generally is lower and the secondary market for such securities could contract under adverse market or economic conditions, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer. These factors may have an adverse effect on the market price and a Portfolios ability to dispose of particular portfolio investments. A less developed secondary market also may make it more difficult for a Portfolio to obtain precise valuations of such securities in its portfolio.
Investments in lower quality securities, whether rated or unrated, will be more dependent on the Investment Advisers credit analysis than would be the case with investments in higher quality securities.
OPTIONS. An option is a type of derivative instrument that gives the holder the right (but not the obligation) to buy (a call) or sell (a put) an asset in the future at an agreed upon price prior to the expiration date of the option.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may write (sell) covered call options, buy put options, buy call options and write secured put options for hedging (or cross-hedging) purposes or to earn additional income. Options may relate to particular securities, foreign or domestic securities indices, financial instruments or foreign currencies. A Portfolio will not purchase put and call options in an amount that exceeds 5% of its net assets at the time of purchase. The total value of a Portfolios assets subject to options written by the Portfolio will not be greater than 25% of its net assets at the time the option is written. A Portfolio may cover a call option by owning the security underlying the option or through other means. Put options written by a Portfolio are secured if the Portfolio maintains liquid assets in a segregated account in an amount at least equal to the exercise price of the option up until the expiration date.
SPECIAL RISKS. Options trading is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary Portfolio securities transactions. The value of options can be highly volatile, and their use can result in loss if the investment management team is incorrect in its expectation of price fluctuations. The successful use of options for hedging purposes also depends in part on the ability of the investment management team to predict future price fluctuations and the degree of correlation between the options and securities markets.
Each Portfolio will invest and trade in unlisted over-the-counter options only with firms deemed creditworthy by the Investment Adviser. However, unlisted options are not subject to the protections afforded purchasers of listed options by the Options Clearing Corporation, which performs the obligations of its members which fail to perform them in connection with the purchase or sale of options.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS. REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest primarily in either real estate or real estate related loans.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in REITs.
SPECIAL RISKS. The value of a REIT is affected by changes in the value of the properties owned by the REIT or securing mortgage loans held by the REIT. REITs are dependent upon cash flow from their investments to repay financing costs and the ability of a REITs manager. REITs also are subject to risks generally associated with investments in real estate. These risks include: changes in the value of real estate properties and difficulties in valuing and trading real estate; risks related to general and local economic conditions; overbuilding and increased competition; increases in property taxes and operating expenses; changes in zoning laws; casualty and condemnation losses; variations in rental income; changes in the appeal of property to tenants; tenant bankruptcies and other credit problems; and changes in interest rates. A Portfolio will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any expenses, including management fees, paid by a REIT in which it invests.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. Repurchase agreements involve the purchase of securities by a Portfolio subject to the sellers agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price.
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INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may enter into repurchase agreements with financial institutions such as banks and broker-dealers that are deemed to be creditworthy by the Investment Adviser. Although the securities subject to a repurchase agreement may have maturities exceeding one year, settlement of the agreement will never occur more than one year after a Portfolio acquires the securities.
SPECIAL RISKS. In the event of a default, a Portfolio will suffer a loss to the extent that the proceeds from the sale of the underlying securities and other collateral are less than the repurchase price and the Portfolios costs associated with delay and enforcement of the repurchase agreement. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy, a Portfolio could suffer additional losses if a court determines that the Portfolios interest in the collateral is unenforceable by the Portfolio.
With respect to collateral received in repurchase transactions or other investments, a Portfolio may have significant exposure to the financial services and mortgage markets. Such exposure, depending on market conditions, could have a negative impact on the Portfolio, including minimizing the value of any collateral.
SHORT SALES AGAINST-THE-BOX. A short sale against-the-box is a short sale such that at all times when the short position is open the seller owns or has the right to obtain, at no added cost, an equal amount of securities identical to those sold short.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may make short sales against-the-box.
SPECIAL RISKS. If a Portfolio sells securities short against-the-box, it may protect itself from loss if the price of the securities declines in the future, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises. If a Portfolio effects a short sale of securities at a time when it has an unrealized gain on the securities, it may be required to recognize that gain as if it actually had sold the securities (as a constructive sale) on the date it effects the short sale. However, such constructive sale treatment may not apply if the Portfolio closes out the short position with securities other than the appreciated securities held at the time of the short sale and if certain other conditions are satisfied. Uncertainty regarding the tax consequences of effecting short sales may limit the extent to which a Portfolio may effect short sales.
STRIPPED SECURITIES. These securities are issued by the U.S. government (or an agency, instrumentality or a sponsored enterprise), foreign governments, banks and other issuers. They entitle the holder to receive either interest payments or principal payments that have been stripped from a debt obligation. These obligations include stripped mortgage-backed securities, which are derivative multi-class mortgage securities.
The Treasury Department has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and principal payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve book-entry record-keeping system. The Federal Reserve program as established by the Treasury Department is known as Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities or STRIPS. Under the STRIPS program, a Portfolio will be able to have its beneficial ownership of zero coupon securities recorded directly in the book-entry record-keeping system in lieu of having to hold certificates or other evidences of ownership of the underlying U.S. Treasury securities.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may purchase stripped securities, including securities registered in the STRIPS program.
SPECIAL RISKS. Stripped securities are very sensitive to changes in interest rates and to the rate of principal prepayments. A rapid or unexpected change in either interest rates or principal prepayments could depress the price of stripped securities held by the Portfolios and adversely affect a Portfolios total return.
STRUCTURED SECURITIES. The value of such securities is determined by reference to changes in the value of specific currencies, interest rates, commodities, securities, indices or other financial indicators (the Reference) or the relative change in two or more References. The interest rate or the principal amount payable upon maturity or redemption may be increased or decreased depending upon changes in the applicable Reference. Examples of structured securities include, but are not limited to, debt obligations, where the principal repayment at maturity is determined by the value of a specified security or securities index.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each Portfolio may invest in structured securities to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies.
SPECIAL RISKS. The terms of some structured securities may provide that in certain circumstances no principal is due at maturity and, therefore, a Portfolio could suffer a total loss of its investment. Structured securities may be positively or negatively indexed, so that appreciation of the Reference may produce an increase or decrease in the interest rate or value of the security at maturity. In addition, changes in the interest rates or the value of the security at maturity may be a multiple of changes in the value of the Reference. Consequently, structured securities may entail a greater degree of market risk than other types of securities. Structured securities also may be more volatile, less liquid and more difficult to accurately price than less complex securities due to their derivative nature.
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 36 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
TEMPORARY INVESTMENTS. The Portfolios temporarily may hold cash and/or invest in short-term obligations including U.S. government obligations, high quality money market instruments (including commercial paper and obligations of foreign and domestic banks such as certificates of deposit, bank and deposit notes, bankers acceptances and fixed time deposits) and repurchase agreements with maturities of 13 months or less. The Portfolios also may make temporary investments in longer-term debt obligations and preferred stocks.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. A Portfolio temporarily may hold cash or invest all or any portion of its assets in short-term obligations pending investment or to meet anticipated redemption requests. A Portfolio also may hold cash or invest in short-term obligations, longer-term debt obligations or preferred stock as a temporary measure mainly designed to limit a Portfolios losses in response to adverse market, economic or other conditions when the Investment Adviser believes that it is in the best interest of the Portfolio to pursue such a defensive strategy. The Investment Adviser may, however, choose not to make such temporary investments even in very volatile or adverse conditions.
SPECIAL RISKS. A Portfolio may not achieve its investment objective when it holds cash or invests its assets in short-term obligations or otherwise makes temporary investments. A Portfolio also may miss investment opportunities and have a lower total return during these periods.
UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS. These instruments include U.S. Treasury obligations, such as bills, notes and bonds, which generally differ only in terms of their interest rates, maturities and time of issuance. They also include obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises are deemed to include (a) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government or by an agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise thereof, (b) securities of private issuers guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government, its agencies and instrumentalities pursuant to the FDIC Debt Guarantee Program, and (c) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury obligations and in obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises.
SPECIAL RISKS. Not all U.S. government obligations carry the same credit support. Some, such as those of the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Other obligations, such as those of the Federal Home Loan Banks, are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury; and others are supported by the discretionary authority of the U.S. government to purchase the agencys obligations. Still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality or sponsored enterprise. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies, instrumentalities, or sponsored enterprises if it is not obligated to do so by law. In addition, the secondary market for certain participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies may be limited.
An agency of the U.S. government has placed the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) and the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) into conservatorship, a statutory process with the objective of returning the entities to normal business operations. It is unclear what effect this conservatorship will have on the securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
To the extent a Portfolio invests in debt instruments or securities of non-U.S. government entities that are backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, pursuant to the FDIC Debt Guarantee Program or other similar programs, there is a possibility that the guarantee provided under the Debt Guarantee Program or other similar programs may be discontinued or modified at a later date.
VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE INSTRUMENTS. Variable and floating rate instruments have interest rates that periodically are adjusted either at set intervals or that float at a margin tied to a specified index rate. These instruments include variable amount master demand notes, long-term variable and floating rate bonds (sometimes referred to as Put Bonds) where the Portfolio obtains at the time of purchase the right to put the bond back to the issuer or a third party at par at a specified date and leveraged inverse floating rate instruments (inverse floaters). An inverse floater is leveraged to the extent that its interest rate varies by an amount that exceeds the amount of the variation in the index rate of interest. Some variable and floating rate instruments have interest rates that periodically are adjusted as a result of changes in inflation rates.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each Portfolio may invest in variable and floating rate instruments to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies.
SPECIAL RISKS. The market values of inverse floaters are subject to greater volatility than other variable and floating rate instruments due to their higher degree of leverage. Because
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 37 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
there is no active secondary market for certain variable and floating rate instruments, they may be more difficult to sell if the issuer defaults on its payment obligations or during periods when the Portfolios are not entitled to exercise their demand rights. As a result, the Portfolios could suffer a loss with respect to these instruments. In addition, variable and floating rate instruments are subject to changes in value based on changes in market interest rates or changes in the issuers or guarantors creditworthiness.
WARRANTS. A warrant represents the right to purchase a security at a predetermined price for a specified period of time.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may invest in warrants and similar rights. A Portfolio also may purchase bonds that are issued in tandem with warrants.
SPECIAL RISKS. Warrants are derivative instruments that present risks similar to options.
WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES, DELAYED DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS AND FORWARD COMMITMENTS. A purchase of when-issued securities refers to a transaction made conditionally because the securities, although authorized, have not yet been issued. A delayed delivery or forward commitment transaction involves a contract to purchase or sell securities for a fixed price at a future date beyond the customary settlement period.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may purchase or sell securities on a when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment basis. Although the Portfolios generally would purchase securities in these transactions with the intention of acquiring the securities, the Portfolios may dispose of such securities prior to settlement if the investment management team deems it appropriate to do so.
SPECIAL RISKS. Purchasing securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis involves the risk that the value of the securities may decrease by the time they actually are issued or delivered. Conversely, selling securities in these transactions involves the risk that the value of the securities may increase by the time they actually are issued or delivered. These transactions also involve the risk that the counterparty may fail to deliver the security or cash on the settlement date.
ZERO COUPON, PAY-IN-KIND AND CAPITAL APPRECIATION BONDS. These are securities issued at a discount from their face value because interest payments typically are postponed until maturity. Interest payments on pay-in-kind securities are payable by the delivery of additional securities. The amount of the discount rate varies depending on factors such as the time remaining until maturity, prevailing interest rates, a securitys liquidity and the issuers credit quality. These securities also may take the form of debt securities that have been stripped of their interest payments.
INVESTMENT STRATEGY. Each Portfolio may invest in zero coupon, pay-in-kind and capital appreciation bonds to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies.
SPECIAL RISKS. The market prices of zero coupon, pay-in-kind and capital appreciation bonds generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest-bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest-bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality. A Portfolios investments in zero coupon, pay-in-kind and capital appreciation bonds may require the Portfolio to sell some of its Portfolio securities to generate sufficient cash to satisfy certain income distribution requirements.
Additionally, the Portfolios may purchase other types of securities or instruments similar to those described in these sections if otherwise consistent with the Portfolios investment objectives and strategies. You should carefully consider the risks discussed in these sections before investing in a Portfolio.
The Portfolios may invest in other securities and are subject to further restrictions and risks that are described in the SAI. Additional information about the Portfolios, their investments and related risks can also be found in Investment Objectives and Strategies in the SAI.
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 38 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
THE FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS TABLES ARE INTENDED TO HELP YOU UNDERSTAND A PORTFOLIOS FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE FOR THE PAST FIVE YEARS (OR, IF SHORTER, THE PERIOD OF THE PORTFOLIOS OPERATION). As of the date of this Prospectus, the Portfolios changed their respective principal investment strategies from investing, under normal circumstances, at least 65% of their respective net assets in equity securities to investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of their respective net assets in equity securities of large capitalization
Certain information reflects the financial results for a single Portfolio share. The total returns in the tables represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in a Portfolio for a share held for the entire period (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). This information for each of the years in the five-year period ended November 30, 2009 has been derived from financial statements that have been audited by [ ], an independent registered public accounting firm, whose report, along with the Portfolios financial statements, is included in the Portfolios annual report, which is available upon request and without charge. As of November 30, 2009, no Class C Shares of the Large Cap Equity Portfolio were outstanding.
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 39 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
|
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS |
| LARGE CAP GROWTH PORTFOLIO* | CLASS A | ||||||||||||||
| Selected per share data | 2009 (2) | 2008 (2) | 2007 (2) | 2006 | 2005 (2) | ||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $9.35 | $15.53 | $13.33 | $12.46 | $11.67 | ||||||||||
| INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: | |||||||||||||||
| Net investment income | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.04 | ||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 2.31 | (6.15 | ) | 2.19 | 0.84 | 0.81 | |||||||||
|
Total from Investment Operations |
2.37 | (6.09 | ) | 2.27 | 0.91 | 0.85 | |||||||||
| LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID: | |||||||||||||||
| From net investment income | (0.07 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.06 | ) | |||||
|
Total Distributions Paid |
(0.07 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.06 | ) | |||||
| Net Asset Value, End of Year | $11.65 | $9.35 | $15.53 | $13.33 | $12.46 | ||||||||||
| Total Return (1) | 25.51 | % | (39.45 | )% | 17.12 | % | 7.29 | % | 7.35 | % | |||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS: | |||||||||||||||
| Net assets, in thousands, end of year | $59,444 | $52,578 | $97,501 | $95,041 | $150,994 | ||||||||||
| Ratio to average net assets of: | |||||||||||||||
|
Expenses, net of waivers, reimbursements and credits |
0.86 | % | 0.86 | % | 0.86 | % | 0.86 | % | 0.86 | % | |||||
|
Expenses, before waivers, reimbursements and credits |
1.17 | % | 1.11 | % | 1.06 | % | 1.06 | % | 1.01 | % | |||||
|
Net investment income, net of waivers, reimbursements and credits |
0.62 | % | 0.46 | % | 0.57 | % | 0.48 | % | 0.26 | % | |||||
|
Net investment income, before waivers, reimbursements and credits |
0.31 | % | 0.21 | % | 0.37 | % | 0.28 | % | 0.11 | % | |||||
| Portfolio Turnover Rate | 217.54 | % | 242.18 | % | 146.66 | % | 151.02 | % | 178.43 | % | |||||
| CLASS C | |||||||||||||||
| Selected per share data | 2009 (2) | 2008 (2) | 2007 (2) | 2006 | 2005 (2) | ||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $9.09 | $15.10 | $12.98 | $12.23 | $11.45 | ||||||||||
| INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: | |||||||||||||||
| Net investment income (loss) | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.01 | (0.07 | ) | | |||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 2.24 | (5.98 | ) | 2.16 | 0.86 | 0.82 | |||||||||
|
Total from Investment Operations |
2.28 | (5.95 | ) | 2.17 | 0.79 | 0.82 | |||||||||
| LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID: | |||||||||||||||
| From net investment income | (0.03 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.04 | ) | |||||
|
Total Distributions Paid |
(0.03 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (0.05 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.04 | ) | |||||
| Net Asset Value, End of Year | $11.34 | $9.09 | $15.10 | $12.98 | $12.23 | ||||||||||
| Total Return (1) | 25.19 | % | (39.57 | )% | 16.78 | % | 6.44 | % | 7.16 | % | |||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS: | |||||||||||||||
| Net assets, in thousands, end of year | $72 | $75 | $125 | $92 | $7,779 | ||||||||||
| Ratio to average net assets of: | |||||||||||||||
|
Expenses, net of waivers, reimbursements and credits |
1.10 | % | 1.10 | % | 1.10 | % | 1.10 | % | 1.10 | % | |||||
|
Expenses, before waivers, reimbursements and credits |
1.41 | % | 1.35 | % | 1.30 | % | 1.30 | % | 1.25 | % | |||||
|
Net investment income, net of waivers, reimbursements and credits |
0.38 | % | 0.22 | % | 0.33 | % | 0.24 | % | 0.02 | % | |||||
|
Net investment income (loss), before waivers, reimbursements and credits |
0.07 | % | (0.03 | )% | 0.13 | % | 0.04 | % | (0.13 | )% | |||||
| Portfolio Turnover Rate | 217.54 | % | 242.18 | % | 146.66 | % | 151.02 | % | 178.43 | % | |||||
| * | Formerly known as the Focused Growth Portfolio. |
| (1) | Assumes investment at net asset value at the beginning of the year, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions, and a complete redemption of the investment at net asset value at the end of the year. |
| (2) | Net investment income (loss) for the year ended was calculated using the average shares outstanding method. |
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 40 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
|
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 30 |
| CLASS D | |||||||||||||||
| Selected per share data | 2009 (2) | 2008 (2) | 2007 (2) | 2006 | 2005 (2) | ||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $8.88 | $14.76 | $12.68 | $11.90 | $11.15 | ||||||||||
| INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: | |||||||||||||||
| Net investment income (loss) | 0.02 | 0.01 | (0.05 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.02 | ) | |||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 2.20 | (5.86 | ) | 2.14 | 0.90 | 0.79 | |||||||||
|
Total from Investment Operations |
2.22 | (5.85 | ) | 2.09 | 0.82 | 0.77 | |||||||||
| LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID: | |||||||||||||||
| From net investment income | (0.02 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.02 | ) | |||||
|
Total Distributions Paid |
(0.02 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.02 | ) | |||||
| Net Asset Value, End of Year | $11.08 | $8.88 | $14.76 | $12.68 | $11.90 | ||||||||||
| Total Return (1) | 25.02 | % | (39.73 | )% | 16.51 | % | 6.87 | % | 6.95 | % | |||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS: | |||||||||||||||
| Net assets, in thousands, end of year | $95 | $72 | $133 | $139 | $231 | ||||||||||
| Ratio to average net assets of: | |||||||||||||||
|
Expenses, net of waivers, reimbursements and credits |
1.25 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.25 | % | 1.25 | % | |||||
|
Expenses, before waivers, reimbursements and credits |
1.56 | % | 1.50 | % | 1.45 | % | 1.45 | % | 1.40 | % | |||||
|
Net investment income (loss), net of waivers, reimbursements and credits |
0.23 | % | 0.07 | % | 0.18 | % | 0.09 | % | (0.13 | )% | |||||
|
Net investment loss, before waivers, reimbursements and credits |
(0.08 | )% | (0.18 | )% | (0.02 | )% | (0.11 | )% | (0.28 | )% | |||||
| Portfolio Turnover Rate | 217.54 | % | 242.18 | % | 146.66 | % | 151.02 | % | 178.43 | % | |||||
| (1) | Assumes investment at net asset value at the beginning of the year, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions, and a complete redemption of the investment at net asset value at the end of the year. |
| (2) | Net investment income (loss) for the year ended was calculated using the average shares outstanding method. |
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS | 41 | EQUITY PORTFOLIOS |
EQUITY PORTFOLIOS
|
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS |
FOR THE FISCAL YEARS ENDED NOVEMBER 30 |
| LARGE CAP EQUITY PORTFOLIO* | CLASS A | ||||||||||||||
| Selected per share data | 2009 (2) | 2008 | 2007 (2) | 2006 (2) | 2005 (2) | ||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $4.53 | $8.02 | $8.09 | $8.30 | $7.58 | ||||||||||
| INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: | |||||||||||||||
| Net investment income | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.05 | ||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 1.41 | (2.99 | ) | 0.44 | 0.57 | 0.73 | |||||||||
|
Total from Investment Operations |
1.48 | (2.92 | ) | 0.53 | 0.64 | 0.78 | |||||||||
| LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID: | |||||||||||||||
| From net investment income | (0.08 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (0.06 | ) | |||||
| From net realized gains | | (0.50 | ) | (0.53 | ) | (0.79 | ) | | |||||||
|
Total Distributions Paid |
(0.08 | ) | (0.57 | ) | (0.60 | ) | (0.85 | ) | (0.06 | ) | |||||
| Net Asset Value, End of Year | $5.93 | $4.53 | $8.02 | $8.09 | $8.30 | ||||||||||
| Total Return (1) | 33.31 | % | (39.04 | )% | 6.90 | % | 8.36 | % | 10.33 | % | |||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS: | |||||||||||||||
| Net assets, in thousands, end of year | $11,731 | $40,922 | $59,875 | $42,505 | $38,154 | ||||||||||
| Ratio to average net assets of: | |||||||||||||||
|
Expenses, net of waivers, reimbursements and credits |
0.76 | % | 0.77 | % (3) | 0.76 | % | 0.76 | % | 0.77 | % (3) | |||||
|
Expenses, before waivers, reimbursements and credits |
1.47 | % | 1.14 | % | 1.07 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.08 | % | |||||
|
Net investment income, net of waivers, reimbursements and credits |
1.57 | % | 1.31 | % | 1.09 | % | 0.96 | % | 0.64 | % | |||||
|
Net investment income, before waivers, reimbursements and credits |
0.86 | % | 0.94 | % | 0.78 | % | 0.57 | % | 0.33 | % | |||||
| Portfolio Turnover Rate | 79.03 | % | 117.55 | % | 89.01 | % | 123.43 | % | 49.34 | % | |||||
| CLASS D | |||||||||||||||
| Selected per share data | 2009 (2) | 2008 | 2007 (2) | 2006 (2) | 2005 (2) | ||||||||||
| Net Asset Value, Beginning of Year | $4.29 | $7.62 | $7.73 | $7.95 | $7.27 | ||||||||||
| INCOME (LOSS) FROM INVESTMENT OPERATIONS: | |||||||||||||||
| Net investment income (loss) | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.01 | ||||||||||
| Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | 1.34 | (2.86 | ) | 0.43 | 0.54 | 0.70 | |||||||||
|
Total from Investment Operations |
1.39 | (2.79 | ) | 0.48 | 0.58 | 0.71 | |||||||||
| LESS DISTRIBUTIONS PAID: | |||||||||||||||
| From net investment income | (0.06 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (0.01 | ) | (0.03 | ) | |||||
| From net realized gains | | (0.50 | ) | (0.53 | ) | (0.79 | ) | | |||||||
|
Total Distributions Paid |
(0.06 | ) | (0.54 | ) | (0.59 | ) | (0.80 | ) | (0.03 | ) | |||||
| Net Asset Value, End of Year | $5.62 | $4.29 | $7.62 | $7.73 | $7.95 | ||||||||||
| Total Return (1) | 32.83 | % | (39.29 | )% | 6.50 | % | 7.87 | % | 9.82 | % | |||||
| SUPPLEMENTAL DATA AND RATIOS: | |||||||||||||||
| Net assets, in thousands, end of year | $99 | $259 | $442 | $195 | $136 | ||||||||||
| Ratio to average net assets of: | |||||||||||||||
|
Expenses, net of waivers, reimbursements and credits |
1.15 | % | 1.16 | % (3) | 1.15 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.16 | % (3) | |||||
|
Expenses, before waivers, reimbursements and credits |
1.86 | % | 1.53 | % | 1.46 | % | 1.54 | % | 1.47 | % | |||||
|
Net investment income, net of waivers, reimbursements and credits |
1.18 | % | 0.92 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.57 | % | 0.25 | % | |||||
|
Net investment income (loss), before waivers, reimbursements and credits |
0.47 | % | 0.55 | % | 0.39 | % | 0.18 | % | (0.06 | )% | |||||
| Portfolio Turnover Rate | 79.03 | % | 117.55 | % | 89.01 | % | 123.43 | % | 49.34 | % | |||||
| * | Formerly known as the Diversified Growth Portfolio. |
| (1) | Assumes investment at net asset value at the beginning of the year, reinvestment of all dividends and distributions, and a complete redemption of the investment at net asset value at the end of the year. |
| (2) | Net investment income for the year ended was calculated using the average shares outstanding method. |
| (3) | Expense ratios, net of waivers and reimbursements, for the year would have been 0.76% and 1.15% for Class A and Class D, respectively, absent the effect of interest expense incurred by the Portfolios temporary borrowings against a line of credit. |
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ANNUAL/SEMIANNUAL REPORTS AND STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION (SAI)
Additional information about the Portfolios investments is available in the Portfolios annual and semiannual reports to shareholders. In the Portfolios annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Portfolios performance during their last fiscal year.
Additional information about the Portfolios and their policies also is available in the Portfolios SAI. The SAI is incorporated by reference into this Prospectus (and is legally considered part of this Prospectus).
The Portfolios annual and semiannual reports and the SAI are available free upon request by calling the Northern Institutional Funds Center at 800-637-1380 or by sending an e-mail request to: northern-funds@ntrs.com. The SAI and other information are available from a financial intermediary (such as a broker-dealer or bank) through which the Portfolios shares may be purchased or sold.
TO OBTAIN OTHER INFORMATION AND FOR SHAREHOLDER INQUIRIES:
BY TELEPHONE
Call 800-637-1380
BY MAIL
Northern Institutional Funds
P.O. Box 75986
Chicago, IL 60675-5986
ON THE INTERNET
The Portfolios documents are available online and may be downloaded from:
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The SECs Web site at sec.gov (text-only) |
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Northern Institutional Funds Web site at northernfunds.com/institutional |
You may review and obtain copies of Northern Institutional Funds documents by visiting the SECs Public Reference Room in Washington, D.C. You also may obtain copies of Northern Institutional Funds documents by sending your request and a duplicating fee to the SECs Public Reference Section, Washington, D.C. 20549-1520 or by electronic request to: publicinfo@sec.gov. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 202-551-8090.
811-03605
| EQUITY PORTFOLIOS | 44 | NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS PROSPECTUS |
NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
[ ], 2010
LARGE CAP EQUITY PORTFOLIO (formerly known as Diversified Growth Portfolio)
CLASS A (BDVAX), CLASS C, CLASS D (BDGDX)
LARGE CAP GROWTH PORTFOLIO (formerly known as Focused Growth Portfolio)
CLASS A (BFGAX), CLASS C (BFGCX), CLASS D (BFGDX)
This Statement of Additional Information dated [ ], 2010, (the SAI) is not a prospectus. This SAI should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus dated [ ], 2010, as amended or supplemented from time to time for the Large Cap Equity Portfolio and Large Cap Growth Portfolio (each a Portfolio and together, the Portfolios) of Northern Institutional Funds (the Prospectus). Copies of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by calling 800-637-1380 (toll-free). Capitalized terms not otherwise defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus.
The audited financial statements and related report of [ ], an independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the annual report to the Portfolios shareholders for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009 are incorporated herein by reference in the section entitled Financial Statements. No other parts of the annual report are incorporated by reference herein. Copies of the annual report may be obtained upon request and without charge by calling 800-637-1380 (toll-free).
NO PERSON HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED TO GIVE ANY INFORMATION OR TO MAKE ANY REPRESENTATIONS NOT CONTAINED IN THIS SAI OR IN THE PROSPECTUS IN CONNECTION WITH THE OFFERING MADE BY THE PROSPECTUS AND, IF GIVEN OR MADE, SUCH INFORMATION OR REPRESENTATIONS MUST NOT BE RELIED UPON AS HAVING BEEN AUTHORIZED BY THE TRUST OR ITS DISTRIBUTOR. THE PROSPECTUS DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFERING BY THE TRUST OR BY THE DISTRIBUTOR IN ANY JURISDICTION IN WHICH SUCH OFFERING MAY NOT LAWFULLY BE MADE.
An investment in a Portfolio is not a deposit of any bank and is not insured or guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC), any other government agency or The Northern Trust Company, its affiliates, subsidiaries or any other bank. An investment in a Portfolio involves investment risks, including possible loss of principal.
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INDEX
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Taxation of Income from Certain Financial Instruments, REITs and PFICs |
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| B-1 | ||
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ADDITIONAL INVESTMENT INFORMATION
Northern Institutional Funds (the Trust) is an open-end, management investment company. Each Portfolio is classified as diversified under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act).
Each Portfolio is a series of
the Trust that was formed as a Delaware statutory trust on July 1, 1997 under an Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the Trust Agreement). The Trust is the result of a reorganization of a Massachusetts business trust formerly known
as The Benchmark Funds on March 31, 1998. The Trusts name was changed from The Benchmark Funds to Northern Institutional Funds on July 15, 1998. The Trust also offers additional equity portfolios and asset allocation, money market,
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES
The following supplements the investment objectives, strategies and risks of the Portfolios as set forth in the Prospectus. The investment objective of each Portfolio may not be changed without the vote of the majority of the Portfolios outstanding shares. Except as expressly noted below, however, each Portfolios investment strategies may be changed without shareholder approval. In addition to the instruments discussed below and in the Prospectus, each Portfolio may purchase other types of financial instruments, however designated, whose investment and credit quality characteristics are determined by Northern Trust Investments, N.A. (NTI or the Investment Adviser) to be substantially similar to those of any other investment otherwise permitted by a Portfolios investment strategies.
With respect to the Portfolios, to the extent required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulations, shareholders will be provided with sixty days notice in the manner prescribed by the SEC before any change in a Portfolios policy stated in the Prospectus to invest at least 80% of its net assets in the particular type of investment suggested by its name. For these purposes, net assets include the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes and the amount of net assets is measured at the time of purchase.
Large Cap Equity Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of large capitalization companies. Large capitalization companies generally are considered to be those whose market capitalization is, at the time the Portfolio makes an investment, within the range of the market capitalizations of the companies in the Standard & Poors 500 ® Composite Stock Price Index (the S&P 500 Index). On [ ], 2010, the Diversified Growth Portfolio was renamed the Large Cap Equity Portfolio as a result of a change in its principal investment strategy as described in the Prospectus.
Large Cap Growth Portfolio seeks to provide long-term capital appreciation by investing, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities of large capitalization companies. Large capitalization companies generally are considered to be those whose market capitalization is, at the time the Portfolio makes an investment, within the range of the market capitalization of the companies in the Russell 1000 ® Growth Index. Any income is incidental to this objective. On [ ], 2010, the Focused Growth Portfolio was renamed the Large Cap Growth Portfolio as a result of a change in its principal investment strategy as described in the Prospectus.
AMERICAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS ( ADRs ) . To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in ADRs. ADRs are receipts that are traded in the United States evidencing ownership of the underlying foreign securities and are denominated in U.S. dollars. Some institutions issuing ADRs may not be sponsored by the issuer. A non-sponsored depository may not provide the same shareholder information that a sponsored depository is required to provide under its contractual arrangement with the issuer.
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ASSET-BACKED (INCLUDING MORTGAGE-BACKED) SECURITIES. To the extent described in the Prospectus, the Portfolios may purchase asset-backed securities, which are securities backed by mortgages, installment contracts, credit card receivables, municipal securities or other financial assets. The investment characteristics of asset-backed securities differ from those of traditional fixed-income securities. Asset-backed securities represent interests in pools of assets in which payments of both interest and principal on the securities are made periodically, thus in effect passing through such payments made by the individual borrowers on the assets that underlie the securities, net of any fees paid to the issuer or guarantor of the securities. The average life of asset-backed securities varies with the maturities of the underlying instruments, and the average life of a mortgage-backed instrument, in particular, is likely to be substantially less than the original maturity of the mortgage pools underlying the securities as a result of mortgage prepayments. For this and other reasons, an asset-backed security normally is subject to both call risk and extension risk, and an asset-backed securitys stated maturity may be shortened. In addition, the securitys total return may be difficult to predict precisely. These differences can result in significantly greater price and yield volatility than is the case with traditional fixed-income securities.
If an asset-backed security is purchased at a premium, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of increasing yield to maturity. Conversely, if an asset-backed security is purchased at a discount, faster than expected prepayments will increase, while slower than expected prepayments will decrease, yield to maturity. Prepayments on asset-backed securities generally increase with falling interest rates and decrease with rising interest rates; furthermore, prepayment rates are influenced by a variety of economic and social factors. In general, the collateral supporting non-mortgage asset-backed securities is of shorter maturity than mortgage loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments.
Asset-backed securities acquired by the Portfolios may include collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs). CMOs provide the holder with a specified interest in the cash flow of a pool of underlying mortgages or other mortgage-backed securities. Issuers of CMOs ordinarily elect to be taxed as pass-through entities known as real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs). CMOs are issued in multiple classes, each with a specified fixed or floating interest rate and a final distribution date. The relative payment rights of the various CMO classes may be structured in a variety of ways, and normally are considered derivative securities. In some cases CMOs may be highly leveraged and very speculative. The Portfolios will not purchase residual CMO interests, which normally exhibit greater price volatility.
There are a number of important differences among the agencies, instrumentalities and sponsored enterprises of the U.S. government that issue mortgage-related securities and among the securities that they issue. Mortgage-related securities guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae) include Ginnie Mae Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, which are guaranteed as to the timely payment of principal and interest by Ginnie Mae and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, which means that the U.S. government guarantees that the interest and principal will be paid when due. Ginnie Mae is a wholly-owned U.S. government corporation within the Department of Housing and Urban Development. Ginnie Mae certificates also are supported by the authority of Ginnie Mae to borrow funds from the U.S. Treasury to make payments under its guarantee.
Mortgage-backed securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) include Fannie Mae Guaranteed Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, which are solely the obligations of Fannie Mae and are not backed by or entitled to the full faith and credit of the United States, except as described below, but are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury. Fannie Mae is a stockholder-owned corporation chartered under an Act of the U.S. Congress. Fannie Mae certificates are guaranteed as to timely payment of the principal and interest by Fannie Mae. Mortgage-related securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac) include Freddie Mac Mortgage Participation Certificates. Freddie Mac is a corporate instrumentality of the United States, created pursuant to an Act of Congress. Freddie Mac certificates are not guaranteed by the United States or by any Federal Home Loan Banks and do not constitute a
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debt or obligation of the United States or of any Federal Home Loan Bank. Freddie Mac certificates entitle the holder to timely payment of interest, which is guaranteed by Freddie Mac. Freddie Mac guarantees either ultimate collection or timely payment of all principal payments on the underlying mortgage loans. When Freddie Mac does not guarantee timely payment of principal, Freddie Mac may remit the amount due on account of its guarantee of ultimate payment of principal after default.
From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating federal sponsorship of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The Trust cannot predict what legislation, if any, may be proposed in the future in Congress with regard to such sponsorship or which proposals, if any, might be enacted. Such proposals, if enacted, might materially and adversely affect the availability of government guaranteed mortgage-backed securities and the Portfolios liquidity and value.
There is risk that the U.S. government will not provide financial support to its agencies, authorities, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. A Portfolio may purchase U.S. government securities that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States, such as those issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. The maximum potential liability of the issuers of some U.S. government securities held by a Portfolio may greatly exceed their current resources, including their legal right to support from the U.S. Treasury. It is possible that these issuers will not have the funds to meet their payment obligations in the future.
The extreme and unprecedented volatility and disruption recently impacting the capital and credit markets have led to increased market concerns about Freddie Macs and Fannie Maes ability to withstand future credit losses associated with securities held in their investment portfolios, and on which they provide guarantees, without the direct support of the federal government. On September 7, 2008, both Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae were placed under the conservatorship of the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). Under the plan of conservatorship, the FHFA has assumed control of, and generally has the power to direct, the operations of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and is empowered to exercise all powers collectively held by their respective shareholders, directors and officers, including the power to: (1) take over the assets of and operate Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae with all the powers of the shareholders, the directors, and the officers of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and conduct all business of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (2) collect all obligations and money due to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; (3) perform all functions of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which are consistent with the conservators appointment; (4) preserve and conserve the assets and property of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae; and (5) contract for assistance in fulfilling any function, activity, action or duty of the conservator. In addition, in connection with the actions taken by the FHFA, the U.S. Treasury Department (the Treasury) has entered into certain preferred stock purchase agreements (SPAs) with each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae which establish the Treasury as the holder of a new class of senior preferred stock in each of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which stock was issued in connection with financial contributions from the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. The Treasury has also: (i) established a new secured lending credit facility which was available to Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, and the Federal Home Loan Banks, which was intended to serve as a liquidity backstop, and which expired December 31, 2009; and (ii) initiated a temporary program to purchase residential mortgage-backed securities issued by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, which also expired December 31, 2009. The Treasury continues to hold a portfolio of mortgage-backed securities purchased through the facility. On December 24, 2009, the Treasury announced further amendments to the SPAs which included additional financial support through the end of 2012.
The conditions attached to the financial contribution made by the Treasury to Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae and the issuance of this senior preferred stock place significant restrictions on the activities of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae must obtain the consent of the Treasury to: (i) make any payment to purchase or redeem its capital stock or pay any dividend other than in respect of the senior preferred stock, (ii) issue capital stock of any kind, (iii) terminate the conservatorship of the FHFA except in connection with a receivership, or (iv) increase its debt beyond certain specified levels. In addition, significant restrictions are placed on the maximum size of each of Freddie Macs and Fannie Maes respective portfolios of mortgages and mortgage-backed securities portfolios, and the purchase agreements entered into by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae provide that the
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maximum size of their portfolios of these assets must decrease by a specified percentage each year. The future status and role of Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae could be impacted by (among other things) the actions taken and restrictions placed on Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae by the FHFA in its role as conservator, the restrictions placed on Freddie Macs and Fannie Maes operations and activities as a result of the senior preferred stock investment made by the Treasury, market responses to developments at Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, and future legislative and regulatory action that alters the operations, ownership, structure and/or mission of these institutions, each of which may, in turn, impact the value of, and cash flows on, any mortgage-backed securities guaranteed by Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae, including any such mortgage-backed securities held by the Portfolios.
As a result of the economic recession that commenced in the U.S. in 2008, there is a heightened risk that the receivables and loans underlying the asset-backed securities purchased by the Portfolios may suffer greater levels of default than was historically experienced.
In addition, privately issued mortgage-backed securities (as well as other types of asset-backed securities) do not have the backing of any U.S. government agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise. The seller or servicer of the underlying mortgage obligations generally will make representations and warranties to certificate-holders as to certain characteristics of the mortgage loans and as to the accuracy of certain information furnished to the trustee in respect of each such mortgage loan. Upon a breach of any representation or warranty that materially and adversely affects the interests of the related certificate-holders in a mortgage loan, the seller or servicer generally will be obligated either to cure the breach in all material respects, to repurchase the mortgage loan or, if the related agreement so provides, to substitute in its place a mortgage loan pursuant to the conditions set forth therein. Such a repurchase or substitution obligation may constitute the sole remedy available to the related certificate-holders or the trustee for the material breach of any such representation or warranty by the seller or servicer. To provide additional investor protection, some mortgage-backed securities may have various types of credit enhancements, reserve funds, subordination provisions or other features.
Non-mortgage asset-backed securities involve certain risks that are not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Primarily, these securities do not have the benefit of the same security interest in the underlying collateral. Credit card receivables generally are unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which have given debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related automobile receivables. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have an effective security interest in all of the obligations backing such receivables. Therefore, there is a possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be able to support payments on these securities.
The recent and unprecedented disruption in the residential mortgage-backed securities market (and in particular, the subprime residential mortgage market), the broader mortgage-backed securities market and the asset-backed securities market have resulted in downward price pressures and increasing foreclosures and defaults in residential and commercial real estate. Concerns over inflation, energy costs, geopolitical issues, the availability and cost of credit, the mortgage market and a declining real estate market have contributed to increased volatility and diminished expectations for the economy and markets going forward, and have contributed to dramatic declines in the housing market, with falling home prices and increasing foreclosures and unemployment, and significant asset write-downs by financial institutions. These conditions have prompted a number of financial institutions to seek additional capital, to merge with other institutions and, in some cases, to fail. The continuation or worsening of this general economic downturn may lead to further declines in income from, or the value of, real estate, including the real estate which secures the mortgage-backed securities held by the Portfolios. Additionally, a lack of credit availability, higher mortgage rates and decreases in the value of real property have occurred and may continue to occur or worsen, and potentially prevent borrowers from refinancing
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their mortgages, which may increase the likelihood of default on their mortgage loans. These economic conditions may also adversely affect the amount of proceeds the holder of a mortgage loan or mortgage-backed securities (including the mortgage-backed securities in which the Portfolios may invest) would realize in the event of a foreclosure or other exercise of remedies. Moreover, even if such mortgage-backed securities are performing as anticipated, the value of such securities in the secondary market may nevertheless fall or continue to fall as a result of deterioration in general market conditions for such mortgage-backed securities or other asset-backed or structured products. Trading activity associated with market indices may also drive spreads on those indices wider than spreads on mortgage-backed securities, thereby resulting in a decrease in value of such mortgage-backed securities, including the mortgage-backed securities owned by the Portfolios.
Asset-backed securities acquired by the Portfolios may also include collateralized debt obligations (CDOs). CDOs include collateralized bond obligations (CBOs) and collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and other similarly structured securities.
A CBO is a trust or other special purpose entity (SPE) that is typically backed by a diversified pool of fixed-income securities (which may include high risk, below investment grade securities). A CLO is a trust or other SPE that is typically collateralized by a pool of loans, which may include, among others, domestic and non-U.S. senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. Although certain CDOs may receive credit enhancement in the form of a senior-subordinate structure, over-collateralization or bond insurance, such enhancement may not always be present and may fail to protect a Portfolio against the risk of loss on default of the collateral. Certain CDOs may use derivatives contracts to create synthetic exposure to assets rather than holding such assets directly, which entails the risks of derivative instruments described elsewhere in this SAI. CDOs may charge management fees and administrative expenses, which are in addition to those of a Portfolio.
For both CBOs and CLOs, the cashflows from the SPE are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the equity tranche, which bears the first loss from defaults from the bonds or loans in the SPE and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default (though such protection is not complete). Since it is partially protected from defaults, a senior tranche from a CBO or CLO typically has higher ratings and lower yields than its underlying securities, and may be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CBO or CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as investor aversion to CBO or CLO securities as a class. Interest on certain tranches of a CDO may be paid in kind (paid in the form of obligations of the same type rather than cash), which involves continued exposure to default risk with respect to such payments.
The risks of an investment in a CDO depend largely on the type of the collateral securities and the class of the CDO in which a Portfolio invests. Normally, CBOs, CLOs and other CDOs are privately offered and sold, and thus are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CDOs may be characterized by a Portfolio as illiquid securities. However, an active dealer market may exist for CDOs, allowing a CDO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed-income securities and asset-backed securities generally discussed elsewhere in this SAI, CDOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or default; (iii) a Portfolio may invest in tranches of CDOs that are subordinate to other tranches; (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results; and (v) the CDOs manager may perform poorly or default.
CALCULATION OF PORTFOLIO TURNOVER RATE. The portfolio turnover rate for a Portfolio is calculated by dividing the lesser of purchases or sales of portfolio investments for the reporting period by the monthly average value of the portfolio investments owned during the reporting period. The calculation excludes all securities, including options, whose maturities or expiration dates at the time of acquisition are one year or less. Portfolio turnover may vary greatly from year to year as well as within a particular year, and may be
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affected by changes in the holdings of specific issuers, changes in country and currency weightings, cash requirements for redemption of shares and by requirements which enable the Portfolios to receive favorable tax treatment. The portfolio turnover rate for the Large Cap Equity Portfolio was significantly lower for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009 than for the prior fiscal year due to implementation of a new portfolio management process.
The Portfolios are not restricted by policy with regard to portfolio turnover and will make changes in their investment portfolios from time to time as business and economic conditions as well as market prices may dictate. Please see the Financial Highlights tables in the Portfolios Prospectus for the Portfolios portfolio turnover rates for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009.
COMMERCIAL PAPER, BANKERS ACCEPTANCES, CERTIFICATES OF DEPOSIT, TIME DEPOSITS AND BANK NOTES. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in commercial paper. Commercial paper represents short-term unsecured promissory notes issued in bearer form by banks or bank holding companies, corporations and finance companies. Certificates of deposit are negotiable certificates issued against funds deposited in a commercial bank for a definite period of time and earning a specified return. Bankers acceptances are negotiable drafts or bills of exchange, normally drawn by an importer or exporter to pay for specific merchandise, which are accepted by a bank, meaning, in effect, that the bank unconditionally agrees to pay the face value of the instrument on maturity. Fixed time deposits are bank obligations payable at a stated maturity date and bearing interest at a fixed rate. Fixed time deposits may be withdrawn on demand by the investor, but may be subject to early withdrawal penalties that vary depending upon market conditions and the remaining maturity of the obligation. There are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in a fixed time deposit to a third party. Bank notes generally rank junior to deposit liabilities of banks and pari passu with other senior, unsecured obligations of the bank. Bank notes are classified as other borrowings on a banks balance sheet, while deposit notes and certificates of deposit are classified as deposits. Bank notes are not insured by the FDIC or any other insurer. Deposit notes are insured by the FDIC only to the extent of $250,000 per depositor per bank.
Each Portfolio may invest a portion of its assets in the obligations of foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks. Such obligations include Eurodollar Certificates of Deposit (ECDs), which are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by offices of foreign and domestic banks located outside the United States; Eurodollar Time Deposits (ETDs), which are U.S. dollar-denominated deposits in a foreign branch of a U.S. bank or a foreign bank; Canadian Time Deposits (CTDs), which are essentially the same as ETDs except they are issued by Canadian offices of major Canadian banks; Schedule Bs, which are obligations issued by Canadian branches of foreign or domestic banks; Yankee Certificates of Deposit (Yankee CDs), which are U.S. dollar-denominated certificates of deposit issued by a U.S. branch of a foreign bank and held in the United States; and Yankee Bankers Acceptances (Yankee BAs), which are U.S. dollar-denominated bankers acceptances issued by a U.S. branch of a foreign bank and held in the United States.
Commercial paper purchased by the Portfolios may include asset-backed commercial paper. Asset-backed commercial paper is issued by an SPE that is organized to issue the commercial paper and to purchase trade receivables or other financial assets. The credit quality of asset-backed commercial paper depends primarily on the quality of these assets and the level of any additional credit support.
CONVERTIBLE SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities entitle the holder to receive interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible securities mature or are redeemed, converted or exchanged. Prior to conversion, convertible securities have characteristics similar to ordinary debt securities in that they normally provide a stable stream of income with generally higher yields than those of common stock of the same or similar issuers. Convertible securities rank senior to common stock in a corporations capital structure and, therefore, generally entail less risk than the corporations common stock, although the extent to which such risk is reduced depends in large measure upon the degree to which the convertible security sells above its value as a fixed-income security.
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In selecting convertible securities, the Investment Adviser may consider, among other factors: an evaluation of the creditworthiness of the issuers of the securities; the interest or dividend income generated by the securities; the potential for capital appreciation of the securities and the underlying common stocks; the prices of the securities relative to other comparable securities and to the underlying common stocks; whether the securities are entitled to the benefits of sinking funds or other protective conditions; diversification of portfolio securities as to issuers; and whether the securities are rated by a rating agency and, if so, the ratings assigned.
The value of convertible securities is a function of their investment value (determined by yield in comparison with the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege) and their conversion value (their worth, at market value, if converted into the underlying common stock). The investment value of convertible securities is influenced by changes in interest rates, with investment value declining as interest rates increase and increasing as interest rates decline, and by the credit standing of the issuer and other factors. The conversion value of convertible securities is determined by the market price of the underlying common stock. If the conversion value is low relative to the investment value, the price of the convertible securities is governed principally by their investment value. To the extent the market price of the underlying common stock approaches or exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible securities will be increasingly influenced by their conversion value. In addition, convertible securities generally sell at a premium over their conversion value determined by the extent to which investors place value on the right to acquire the underlying common stock while holding fixed-income securities.
In general, investments in lower quality convertible securities are subject to a significant risk of a change in the credit rating or financial condition of the issuing entity. Investments in convertible securities of medium or lower quality also are likely to be subject to greater market fluctuation and to greater risk of loss of income and principal due to default than investments of higher quality fixed-income securities. Such lower quality securities generally tend to reflect short-term corporate and market developments to a greater extent than higher quality securities, which react more to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. A Portfolio that invests in convertible securities generally will seek to reduce risk to the investor by diversification, credit analysis and attention to current developments in trends of both the economy and financial markets. However, while diversification reduces the effect on a Portfolio of any single investment, it does not reduce the overall risk of investing in lower quality securities.
CUSTODIAL RECEIPTS FOR TREASURY SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may acquire U.S. government obligations and their unmatured interest coupons that have been separated (stripped) by their holder, typically a custodian bank or investment brokerage firm. Having separated the interest coupons from the underlying principal of the U.S. government obligations, the holder will resell the stripped securities in custodial receipt programs with a number of different names, including Treasury Income Growth Receipts (TIGRs) and Certificate of Accrual on Treasury Securities (CATS). The stripped coupons are sold separately from the underlying principal, which usually is sold at a deep discount because the buyer receives only the right to receive a future fixed payment on the security and does not receive any rights to periodic interest (cash) payments. The underlying U.S. Treasury bonds and notes themselves are held in book-entry form at the Federal Reserve Bank or, in the case of bearer securities (i.e., unregistered securities which are ostensibly owned by the bearer or holder), in trust on behalf of the owners. Counsel to the underwriters of these certificates or other evidences of ownership of U.S. Treasury securities have stated that, in their opinion, purchasers of the stripped securities most likely will be deemed the beneficial holders of the underlying U.S. government obligations for federal tax purposes. The Trust is unaware of any binding legislative, judicial or administrative authority on this issue.
EQUITY SWAPS. The Portfolios may enter into equity swap contracts to invest in a market without owning or taking physical custody of securities in circumstances in which direct investment is restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impracticable. Equity swaps also may be used for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return. The counterparty to an equity swap contract will typically be a bank, investment banking firm or broker/dealer. Equity swap contracts may be structured in different ways. For example, a counterparty may agree
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to pay the Portfolio the amount, if any, by which the notional amount of the equity swap contract would have increased in value had it been invested in particular stocks (or an index of stocks), plus the dividends that would have been received on those stocks. In these cases, the Portfolio may agree to pay to the counterparty the amount, if any, by which that notional amount would have decreased in value had it been invested in the stocks. Therefore, the return to the Portfolio on any equity swap contract should be the gain or loss on the notional amount plus dividends on the stocks less the interest paid by the Portfolio on the notional amount. In other cases, the counterparty and the Portfolio may each agree to pay the other the difference between the relative investment performances that would have been achieved if the notional amount of the equity swap contract had been invested in different stocks (or indices of stocks).
A Portfolio will enter into equity swaps only on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams are netted out, with the Portfolio receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. Payments may be made at the conclusion of an equity swap contract or periodically during its term. Equity swaps do not involve the delivery of securities or other underlying assets. Accordingly, the risk of loss with respect to equity swaps is limited to the net amount of payments that a Portfolio is contractually obligated to make. If the other party to an equity swap defaults, a Portfolios risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that such Portfolio is contractually entitled to receive, if any. Inasmuch as these transactions are entered into for hedging purposes or are offset by segregated cash or liquid assets to cover the Portfolios obligations, the Portfolios and the Investment Adviser believe that such transactions do not constitute senior securities under the 1940 Act and, accordingly, will not treat them as being subject to a Portfolios borrowing restrictions.
The Portfolios will not enter into any swap transactions unless the unsecured commercial paper, senior debt or claims-paying ability of the other party is rated either A, or A-1 or better by Standard & Poors ® Rating Service (S&P), or Fitch Ratings (Fitch); or A or Prime-1 or better by Moodys Investors Service, Inc. (Moodys), or has received a comparable rating from another organization that is recognized as a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO). If there is a default by the other party to such a transaction, a Portfolio will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction.
The use of equity swaps is a highly specialized activity which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, the investment performance of a Portfolio would be less favorable than it would have been if this investment technique were not used.
EUROPEAN DEPOSITARY RECEIPTS (EDRs). To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in EDRs and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). EDRs and GDRs are receipts issued by a non-U.S. financial institution evidencing ownership of underlying foreign or U.S. securities and usually are denominated in foreign currencies. EDRs and GDRs may not be denominated in the same currency as the securities they represent. Generally, EDRs and GDRs are designed for use in the foreign securities markets.
FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS. In order to protect against a possible loss on investments resulting from a decline or appreciation in the value of a particular foreign currency against the U.S. dollar or another foreign currency or for other reasons, the Portfolios are authorized to enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts. These contracts involve an obligation to purchase or sell a specified currency at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. Forward currency contracts do not eliminate fluctuations in the values of portfolio securities, but rather allow a Portfolio to establish a rate of exchange for a future point in time.
When entering into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security, a Portfolio may enter into a forward foreign currency exchange contract for the amount of the purchase or sale price to protect against variations, between the date the security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received, in the value of the foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar or other foreign currency.
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When the Investment Adviser anticipates that a particular foreign currency may decline relative to the U.S. dollar or other leading currencies, in order to reduce risk, a Portfolio may enter into a forward contract to sell, for a fixed amount, the amount of foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of the Portfolios securities denominated in such foreign currency. Similarly, when the securities held by a Portfolio create a short position in a foreign currency, a Portfolio may enter into a forward contract to buy, for a fixed amount, an amount of foreign currency approximating the short position. With respect to any forward foreign currency contract, it generally will not be possible to match precisely the amount covered by that contract and the value of the securities involved due to the changes in the values of such securities resulting from market movements between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures. In addition, while forward contracts may offer protection from losses resulting from declines or appreciation in the value of a particular foreign currency, they also limit potential gains, which might result from changes in the value of such currency. A Portfolio also may incur costs in connection with forward foreign currency exchange contracts and conversions of foreign currencies and U.S. dollars.
In addition, to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, a Portfolio may purchase or sell forward foreign currency exchange contracts to seek to increase total return or for cross-hedging purposes and may engage in cross-hedging by using forward contracts in one currency to hedge against fluctuations in the value of securities denominated in a different currency if the investment management team believes that there is a pattern of correlation between the two currencies.
Liquid assets equal to the amount of a Portfolios assets that could be required to consummate forward contracts will be segregated except to the extent the contracts are otherwise covered. The segregated assets will be valued at market or fair value. If the market or fair value of such assets declines, additional liquid assets will be segregated daily so that the value of the segregated assets will equal the amount of such commitments by the Portfolio. A forward contract to sell a foreign currency is covered if a Portfolio owns the currency (or securities denominated in the currency) underlying the contract, or holds a forward contract (or call option) permitting the Portfolio to buy the same currency at a price that is (i) no higher than the Portfolios price to sell the currency or (ii) greater than the Portfolios price to sell the currency provided the Portfolio segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference. A forward contract to buy a foreign currency is covered if a Portfolio holds a forward contract (or call option) permitting the Portfolio to sell the same currency at a price that is (i) as high as or higher than the Portfolios price to buy the currency or (ii) lower than the Portfolios price to buy the currency provided the Portfolio segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference.
FOREIGN INVESTMENTS. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may invest in foreign securities, including bonds and other fixed-income securities of foreign issuers.
The Portfolios are permitted to invest a portion of their assets in foreign securities. Foreign fixed-income securities may include eurodollar convertible securities, which are fixed-income securities that are issued in U.S. dollars outside the United States and are convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities of the same or a different issuer. These obligations may be issued by supranational entities, including international organizations (such as the European Coal and Steel Community) designed or supported by governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development and international banking institutions and related government agencies.
Investment in foreign securities involves special risks. These include market risk, interest rate risk and the risks of investing in securities of foreign issuers and of companies whose securities are principally traded outside the United States on foreign exchanges or foreign over-the-counter markets and in investments denominated in foreign currencies. Market risk involves the possibility that security prices will decline over short or even extended periods. The markets tend to be cyclical, with periods of generally rising prices and periods of generally declining prices. These cycles will affect the value of a Portfolio to the extent that it invests in foreign securities. The holdings of the Portfolios, to the extent that they invest in fixed-income securities, will be sensitive to changes in interest rates and the interest rate environment. Generally, the prices of bonds and debt securities fluctuate inversely with interest rate changes. In addition, the performance of investments in securities
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denominated in a foreign currency will depend on the strength of the foreign currency against the U.S. dollar and the interest rate environment in the country issuing the currency. Absent other events which could otherwise affect the value of a foreign security (such as a change in the political climate or an issuers credit quality), appreciation in the value of the foreign currency generally can be expected to increase the value of a foreign currency-denominated security in terms of U.S. dollars. A rise in foreign interest rates or decline in the value of the foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar generally can be expected to depress the value of a foreign currency-denominated security.
There are other risks and costs involved in investing in foreign securities which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments. Investment in foreign securities involves higher costs than investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as well as the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments. Foreign investments also involve risks associated with the level of currency exchange rates, less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability. Future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on dividend income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange controls, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Additionally, foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks are subject to less stringent reserve requirements, and to different accounting, auditing and recordkeeping requirements. Also, the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the U.S. Additionally, many countries throughout the world are dependent on a healthy U.S. economy and are adversely affected when the U.S. economy weakens or its markets decline. For example, the decline in the U.S. subprime mortgage market quickly spread throughout global credit markets, triggering a liquidity crisis that affected fixed-income and equity markets around the world.
To the extent permitted by their investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may also invest in countries with emerging economies or securities markets. These countries are generally located in the Asia and Pacific regions, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Central America, South America and Africa. Political and economic structures in many of these countries may be undergoing significant evolution and rapid development, and these countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristics of more developed countries. In general, the securities markets of these countries are less liquid, subject to greater price volatility, have smaller market capitalizations and have problems with securities registration and custody. As a result, the risks presented by investments in these countries are heightened. Additionally, settlement procedures in emerging countries are frequently less developed and reliable than those in the United States and may involve the Portfolios delivery of securities before receipt of payment for their sale. Settlement or registration problems may make it more difficult for the Portfolio to value its portfolio securities and could cause the Portfolio to miss attractive investment opportunities, to have a portion of its assets uninvested or to incur losses due to the failure of a counterparty to pay for securities the Portfolio has delivered or the Portfolios inability to complete its contractual obligations.
Unanticipated political, economic or social developments may affect the value of a Portfolios investments in emerging market countries and the availability to a Portfolio of additional investments in these countries. Some of these countries may have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and may have at times nationalized or expropriated the assets of private companies. There have been occasional limitations on the movements of funds and other assets between different countries. The small size and inexperience of the securities markets in certain of such countries and the limited volume of trading in securities in those countries may make a Portfolios investments in such countries illiquid and more volatile than investments in Japan or most Western European countries, and a Portfolio may be required to establish special custodial or other arrangements before making certain investments in those countries. There may be little financial or accounting information available with respect to issuers located in certain of such countries, and it may be difficult as a result to assess the value or prospects of an investment in such issuers.
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To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in foreign debt, including the securities of foreign governments. Several risks exist concerning such investments, including the risk that foreign governments may default on their obligations, may not respect the integrity of such debt, may attempt to renegotiate the debt at a lower rate, and may not honor investments by U.S. entities or citizens.
Although a Portfolio may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies, its portfolio securities and other assets are valued in U.S. dollars. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time causing, together with other factors, a Portfolios net asset value (NAV) to fluctuate as well. Currency exchange rates can be affected unpredictably by the intervention or the failure to intervene by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. To the extent that a Portfolios total assets, adjusted to reflect a Portfolios net position after giving effect to currency transactions, are denominated in the currencies of foreign countries, a Portfolio will be more susceptible to the risk of adverse economic and political developments within those countries.
A Portfolio also is subject to the possible imposition of exchange control regulations or freezes on the convertibility of currency.
Dividends and interest payable on a Portfolios foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. To the extent such taxes are not offset by credits or deductions allowed to investors under U.S. federal income tax law, they may reduce the net return to the shareholders. See Taxes on page 68.
The Portfolios income and, in some cases, capital gains from foreign stocks and securities will be subject to applicable taxation in certain of the countries in which they invest, and treaties between the U.S. and such countries may not be available in some cases to reduce the otherwise applicable tax rates. See Taxes on page 68.
Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Such delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of a Portfolio remain uninvested and no return is earned on such assets. The inability of a Portfolio to make intended security purchases or sales due to settlement problems could result in missed attractive investment opportunities, losses to the Portfolio due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio securities or, if the Portfolio has entered into a contract to sell the securities, possible liability to the purchaser.
FORWARD COMMITMENTS, WHEN-ISSUED SECURITIES AND DELAYED-DELIVERY TRANSACTIONS. Each Portfolio may purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment (sometimes called delayed-delivery) basis. These transactions involve a commitment by the Portfolio to purchase or sell securities at a future date. The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued purchases and forward commitment transactions normally are negotiated directly with the other party.
A Portfolio will purchase securities on a when-issued basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, a Portfolio may dispose of or negotiate a commitment after entering into it. A Portfolio also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Portfolio on the settlement date. The Portfolio may realize a capital gain or loss in connection with these transactions.
When a Portfolio purchases securities on a when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment basis, the Portfolio will segregate liquid assets having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Portfolios purchase commitments until three days prior to the settlement date, or will otherwise cover its position. These procedures are designed to ensure that the Portfolio will maintain sufficient assets at all times to
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cover its obligations under when-issued purchases, forward commitments and delayed-delivery transactions. For purposes of determining a Portfolios average dollar-weighted maturity, the maturity of when-issued, delayed-delivery or forward commitment securities will be calculated from the commitment date.
FUTURES CONTRACTS AND RELATED OPTIONS. Each Portfolio may invest in futures contracts and may purchase and sell call and put options on futures contracts for hedging purposes, to seek to increase total return, or for liquidity management purposes.
The Trust, on behalf of each Portfolio, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term commodity pool operator under the Commodity Exchange Act, and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under that Act with respect to the Portfolios. The Portfolios will engage in transactions in futures contracts and related options only to the extent such transactions are consistent with the requirement of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code) for maintaining their qualifications as regulated investment companies for federal income tax purposes.
When used as a hedge, a Portfolio may sell a futures contract in order to offset a decrease in the market value of its portfolio securities that might otherwise result from a market decline or currency exchange fluctuations. A Portfolio may do so either to hedge the value of its portfolio securities as a whole, or to protect against declines, occurring prior to sales of securities, in the value of the securities to be sold. Conversely, a Portfolio may purchase a futures contract as a hedge in anticipation of purchase of securities. In addition, a Portfolio may utilize futures contracts in anticipation of changes in the composition of its portfolio holdings.
Participation in foreign futures and foreign options transactions involves the execution and clearing of trades on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of trade. Neither the National Futures Association (the NFA) nor any domestic exchange regulates activities of any foreign boards of trade, including the execution, delivery and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign board of trade or any applicable foreign law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in which the foreign futures or foreign options transaction occurs. For these reasons, persons who trade foreign futures or foreign options contracts may not be afforded certain of the protective measures provided by the Commodity Exchange Act, the Commodity Futures Trading Commissions (CFTC) regulations and the rules of the NFA and any domestic exchange, including the right to use reparations proceedings before the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided them by the NFA or any domestic futures exchange. In particular, a Portfolios investments in foreign futures or foreign options transactions may not be provided the same protections in respect of transactions on United States futures exchanges. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or foreign options contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time an order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised.
In connection with a Portfolios position in a futures contract or related option, the Portfolio will segregate liquid assets or will otherwise cover its position in accordance with applicable SEC requirements.
For a further description of futures contracts and related options, see Appendix B to this SAI.
ILLIQUID OR RESTRICTED SECURITIES. Each Portfolio may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities that are illiquid. The Portfolios may purchase commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act) and securities that are not registered under the 1933 Act, but can be sold to qualified institutional buyers in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. These securities will not be considered illiquid so long as the Investment Adviser determines, under guidelines approved by the Trusts Board of Trustees, that an adequate trading market exists. This practice could increase the level of illiquidity during any period that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these securities.
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INSURANCE FUNDING AGREEMENTS. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in insurance funding agreements (IFAs). An IFA is normally a general obligation of the issuing insurance company and not a separate account. The purchase price paid for an IFA becomes part of the general assets of the insurance company, and the contract is paid from the companys general assets. Generally, IFAs are not assignable or transferable without the permission of the issuing insurance companies, and an active secondary market in IFAs may not exist. Therefore, IFAs will be subject to a Portfolios limitation on illiquid investments when the Portfolio may not demand payment of the principal amount within seven days and a reliable trading market is absent.
INTEREST RATE SWAPS, TOTAL RATE OF RETURN SWAPS, CREDIT SWAPS, INTEREST RATE FLOORS, CAPS AND COLLARS, AND CURRENCY SWAPS. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may enter into swap transactions and transactions involving interest rate floors, caps and collars for hedging purposes or to seek to increase total return. These instruments are privately negotiated over-the-counter derivative products. A great deal of flexibility is possible in the way these instruments are structured. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by a Portfolio with another party of their respective commitments to pay or receive interest, such as an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments. The purchase of an interest rate floor or cap entitles the purchaser to receive payments of interest on a notional principal amount from the seller, to the extent the specified index falls below (floor) or exceeds (cap) a predetermined interest rate. An interest rate collar is a combination of a cap and a floor that preserves a certain return within a predetermined range of interest rates. Total rate of return swaps are contracts that obligate a party to pay or receive interest in exchange for the payment by the other party of the total return generated by a security, a basket of securities, an index or an index component. Credit swaps are contracts involving the receipt of floating or fixed rate payments in exchange for assuming potential credit losses of an underlying security. Credit swaps give one party to a transaction the right to dispose of or acquire an asset (or group of assets), or, in the case of credit default swaps, the right to receive or make a payment from the other party, upon the occurrence of specific credit events. The Portfolios also may enter into currency swaps, which involve the exchange of the rights of a Portfolio and another party to make or receive payments in specific currencies.
Some transactions, such as interest rate swaps and total rate of return swaps are entered into on a net basis; i.e., the two payment streams are netted out, with a Portfolio receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net amount of the two payments. If the other party to such a transaction defaults, a Portfolios risk of loss consists of the net amount of payments that the Portfolio is contractually entitled to receive, if any. In contrast, other transactions involve the payment of the gross amount owed. For example, currency swaps usually involve the delivery of the entire principal amount of one designated currency in exchange for the other designated currency. Therefore, the entire principal value of a currency swap is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations. To the extent that the amount payable by a Portfolio under a swap or an interest rate floor, cap or collar is covered by segregated cash or liquid assets, the Portfolio and its Investment Adviser believe that transactions do not constitute senior securities under the 1940 Act and, accordingly, will not treat them as being subject to a Portfolios borrowing restrictions.
Credit default swaps are contracts whereby one party makes periodic payments to a counterparty in exchange for the right to receive from the counterparty a payment equal to the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation in the event of a default by the issuer of the debt obligation. The use of credit default swaps may be limited by the Portfolios limitations on illiquid investments.
When used for hedging purposes, a Portfolio would be the buyer of a credit default swap contract. In that case, the Portfolio would be entitled to receive the par (or other agreed-upon) value of a referenced debt obligation from the counterparty to the contract in the event of a default by a third party, such as a U.S. or non-U.S. issuer, on the debt obligation. In return, the Portfolio would pay to the counterparty a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided that no event of default has occurred. If no default occurs, the Portfolio would have spent the stream of payments and received no benefit from the contract. Credit default
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swaps involve the risk that the investment may expire worthless and would generate income only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial instability). It would also involve credit riskthat the seller may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Portfolio in the event of a default.
When the Portfolio is the seller of a credit default swap contract, it receives the stream of payments, but is obligated to pay upon default of the referenced debt obligation. As the seller, the Portfolio would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total assets, the Portfolio would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap.
In addition to the risks applicable to derivatives generally, credit default swaps involve special risks because they are difficult to value, are highly susceptible to liquidity and credit risk, and generally pay a return to the party that has paid the premium only in the event of an actual default by the issuer of the underlying obligation (as opposed to a credit downgrade or other indication of financial difficulty).
The Portfolios will not enter into a total rate of return, credit, currency or interest rate swap or interest rate floor, cap or collar transaction unless the unsecured commercial paper, senior debt or the claims-paying ability of the other party thereto is rated either A or A-1or better by S&P or Fitch, or A or Prime-1 or better by Moodys or a comparable rating from another organization that is recognized as an NRSRO or, if unrated by such rating organization, is determined to be of comparable quality by the Investment Adviser. If there is a default by the other party to such transaction, a Portfolio will have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction. The use of interest rate, total rate of return, credit and currency swaps, as well as interest rate caps, floors and collars, is a highly specialized activity that involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the Investment Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates and currency exchange rates, the investment performance of a Portfolio would be less favorable than it would have been if this investment technique were not used.
INVESTMENT COMPANIES. With respect to the investments of the Portfolios in the securities of other affiliated and unaffiliated investment companies, such investments will be limited so that, as determined after a purchase is made, either: (a) not more than 3% of the total outstanding stock of such investment company will be owned by a Portfolio, the Trust as a whole and its affiliated persons (as defined in the 1940 Act); or (b) (i) not more than 5% of the value of the total assets of a Portfolio will be invested in the securities of any one investment company, (ii) not more than 10% of the value of its total assets will be invested in the aggregate securities of investment companies as a group and (iii) not more than 3% of the outstanding voting stock of any one investment company will be owned by the Portfolio. Pursuant to exemptive orders, these limits will not apply to the investment of securities lending collateral by the Portfolios in certain investment company portfolios advised by Northern Trust. In addition, these limits will not apply to the investment of uninvested cash balances in shares of registered or unregistered money market portfolios whether affiliated or unaffiliated. The foregoing exemption, however, only applies to an unregistered money market portfolio that (i) limits its investments to those in which a money market portfolio may invest under Rule 2a-7 of the 1940 Act, and (ii) undertakes to comply with all the other provisions of Rule 2a-7.
The Portfolios may invest uninvested cash in the Diversified Assets Portfolio of the Trust (the Cash Sweep Portfolio) of the Trust.
The Cash Sweep Portfolio and the respective Portfolios treat investments in the Cash Sweep Portfolio as the purchase and redemption of the Cash Sweep Portfolios Shares. Any Portfolio investing in the Cash Sweep Portfolio pursuant to an exemptive order participates equally on a pro rata basis in all income, capital gains and net assets of the Cash Sweep Portfolio, and will have all rights and obligations of a shareholder, as provided in the Trust Agreement, including voting rights. In addition to the advisory, administration, transfer agency and custody fees payable by the Portfolios to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates, each Portfolio that invests its uninvested cash in the Cash Sweep Portfolio pursuant to the terms of the exemptive order will bear indirectly
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a proportionate share of the Cash Sweep Portfolios operating expenses, which include the foregoing fees. Currently, the aggregate annual rate of advisory, administration, transfer agency and custodial fees payable to the Investment Adviser and/or its affiliates on the uninvested cash invested in the Cash Sweep Portfolio is 0.35%. Pursuant to the exemptive order, the Investment Adviser will reimburse each of the Portfolios invested in the Cash Sweep Portfolio for the advisory fees received by NTI from the Cash Sweep Portfolio in respect of each Portfolios assets invested in it. The exemptive order requires the Portfolios Board to determine before a vote on the Advisory Agreement (as defined on page 47) that the advisory fees incurred in connection with the investment of uninvested cash in affiliated money market funds are not for duplicative services.
Investments by the Portfolios in other investment companies, including exchange-traded funds (ETFs), will be subject to the limitations of the 1940 Act except as permitted by SEC orders. The Portfolios may rely on SEC orders that permit them to invest in certain ETFs beyond the limits contained in the 1940 Act, subject to certain terms and conditions. Generally, these terms and conditions require the Board to approve policies and procedures relating to certain of the Portfolios investments in ETFs. These policies and procedures require, among other things, that (i) the Investment Adviser conducts the Portfolios investment in ETFs without regard to any consideration received by the Portfolios or any of their affiliated persons and (ii) the Investment Adviser certifies to the Board quarterly that it has not received any consideration in connection with an investment by the Portfolios in an ETF, or if it has, the amount and purpose of the consideration will be reported to the Board and an equivalent amount of advisory fees shall be waived by the Investment Adviser.
Certain investment companies whose securities are purchased by the Portfolios may not be obligated to redeem such securities in an amount exceeding 1% of the investment companys total outstanding securities during any period of less than 30 days. Therefore, such securities that exceed this amount may be illiquid.
If required by the 1940 Act, each Portfolio expects to vote the shares of other investment companies that are held by it in the same proportion as the vote of all other holders of such securities.
To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, a Portfolio may invest all or substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof with substantially the same investment objective, strategy and restrictions as the Portfolio. However, each Portfolio currently intends to limit its investments in securities issued by other investment companies to the extent described above. A Portfolio may adhere to other limitations with respect to its investments in securities issued by other investment companies if required or permitted by the SEC or deemed to be in the best interests of the Trust.
As noted in the Prospectus, the Portfolios may invest in securities of other investment companies subject to the restrictions set forth above. The securities may include: iShares, Standard & Poors Depositary Receipts ® (SPDRs) and similar securities of other investment companies.
iShares are shares of an investment company that invests substantially all of its assets in securities included in specified indices, including the Morgan Stanley Capital International (MSCI) indices for various countries and regions. iShares are listed on a national securities exchange (an exchange), and were initially offered to the public in 1996. The market prices of iShares are expected to fluctuate in accordance with both changes in the NAVs of their underlying indices and supply and demand of iShares on the exchange on which they are listed. In addition, there is no assurance that the requirements of the exchange necessary to maintain the listing of iShares will continue to be met or will remain unchanged. In the event substantial market or other disruptions affecting iShares should occur in the future, the liquidity and value of a Portfolios shares also could be substantially and adversely affected and a Portfolios ability to provide investment results approximating the performance of securities in a designated index could be impaired. If such disruptions were to occur, a Portfolio could be required to reconsider the use of iShares as part of its investment strategy.
SPDRs are interests in a unit investment trust (UIT) that may be obtained from the UIT or purchased in the secondary market (SPDRs are listed on an exchange). The UIT will issue SPDRs in aggregations known as Creation Units in exchange for a Portfolio Deposit consisting of (i) a portfolio of securities substantially
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similar to the component securities (Index Securities) of an underlying index, (ii) a cash payment equal to a pro rata portion of the dividends accrued on the UITs portfolio securities since the last dividend payment by the UIT, net of expenses and liabilities, and (iii) a cash payment or credit (Balancing Amount) designed to equalize the NAV of an underlying index and the NAV of a Portfolio Deposit.
SPDRs are not individually redeemable, except upon termination of the UIT. To redeem, a Portfolio must accumulate enough SPDRs to reconstitute a Creation Unit. The liquidity of small holdings of SPDRs, therefore, will depend upon the existence of a secondary market. Upon redemption of a Creation Unit, a Portfolio will receive Index Securities and cash identical to the Portfolio Deposit required of an investor wishing to purchase a Creation Unit that day.
The price of SPDRs is derived from and based upon the securities held by the UIT. Accordingly, the level of risk involved in the purchase or sale of a SPDR is similar to the risk involved in the purchase or sale of traditional common stock, with the exception that the pricing mechanism for SPDRs is based on a basket of stocks. Disruptions in the markets for the securities underlying SPDRs purchased or sold by a Portfolio could result in losses on SPDRs.
MISCELLANEOUS. Securities may be purchased on margin only to obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of securities. The Portfolios, may, however, make short sales against-the-box.
MORTGAGE DOLLAR ROLLS. The Portfolios may enter into mortgage dollar rolls in which a Portfolio sells securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts with the same counterparty to repurchase similar (same type, coupon and maturity) but not identical securities on a specified future date. A Portfolio gives up the right to receive principal and interest paid on the securities sold. However, a Portfolio would benefit to the extent of any difference between the price received for the securities sold and the lower forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the drop) or fee income plus the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the securities sold until the settlement date of the forward purchase. Unless such benefits exceed the income, capital appreciation and gain or loss due to mortgage prepayments that would have been realized on the securities sold as part of the mortgage dollar roll, the use of this technique will diminish the investment performance of a Portfolio. Each Portfolio will hold and maintain in a segregated account until the settlement date cash or liquid assets, in an amount equal to the forward purchase price. The benefits derived from the use of mortgage dollar rolls may depend upon the Investment Advisers ability to correctly predict mortgage prepayments and interest rates. There is no assurance that mortgage dollar rolls can be successfully employed.
For financial reporting and tax purposes, each Portfolio proposes to treat mortgage dollar rolls as two separate transactions; one transaction involving the purchase of a security and a separate transaction involving a sale. No Portfolio currently intends to enter into mortgage dollar rolls that are accounted for as a financing.
Mortgage dollar rolls involve certain risks including the following: if the broker-dealer to whom a Portfolio sells the security becomes insolvent, a Portfolios right to purchase or repurchase the mortgage-related securities subject to the mortgage dollar roll may be restricted. Also, the instrument that a Portfolio is required to repurchase may be worth less than an instrument that a Portfolio originally held. Successful use of mortgage dollar rolls will depend upon the Investment Advisers ability to manage a Portfolios interest rate and mortgage prepayments exposure. For these reasons, there is no assurance that mortgage dollar rolls can be successfully employed. The use of this technique may diminish the investment performance of a Portfolio compared with what such performance would have been without the use of mortgage dollar rolls.
MUNICIPAL INSTRUMENTS. To the extent consistent with their investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in municipal instruments. Opinions relating to the validity of municipal instruments and to federal and state tax issues relating to these securities are rendered by bond counsel to the respective issuing authorities at the time of issuance. Such opinions may contain various assumptions, qualifications or exceptions
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that are reasonably acceptable to the Investment Adviser. Neither the Trust nor the Investment Adviser will review the proceedings relating to the issuance of municipal instruments or the bases for such opinions.
Municipal instruments generally are issued to finance public works, such as airports, bridges, highways, housing, health-related entities, transportation-related projects, educational programs, water and pollution control and sewer works. They also are issued to repay outstanding obligations, to raise funds for general operating expenses and to make loans to other public institutions and for other facilities. Municipal instruments include private activity bonds issued by or on behalf of public authorities. Private activity bonds are or have been issued to obtain funds to provide, among other things, privately operated housing facilities, pollution control facilities, convention or trade show facilities, mass transit, airport, port or parking facilities and certain local facilities for water supply, gas, electricity or sewage or solid waste disposal. Private activity bonds also are issued to privately held or publicly owned corporations in the financing of commercial or industrial facilities.
State and local governments are authorized in most states to issue private activity bonds for such purposes in order to encourage corporations to locate within their communities. The principal and interest on these obligations may be payable from the general revenues of the users of such facilities.
Municipal instruments include both general and revenue obligations. General obligations are secured by the issuers pledge of its full faith, credit and taxing power for the payment of principal and interest. Revenue obligations are payable only from the revenues derived from a particular facility or class of facilities or, in some cases, from the proceeds of a special excise tax or other specific revenue source such as lease revenue payments from the user of the facility being financed. Industrial development bonds are in most cases revenue securities and are not payable from the unrestricted revenues of the issuer. Consequently, the credit quality of an industrial revenue bond usually is directly related to the credit standing of the private user of the facility involved.
Within the principal classifications of municipal instruments described above there are a variety of categories, including municipal bonds, municipal notes, municipal leases, asset-backed securities such as custodial receipts and participation certificates. Municipal notes include tax, revenue and bond anticipation notes of short maturity, generally less than three years, which are issued to obtain temporary funds for various public purposes. Municipal leases and participation certificates are obligations issued by state and local governments or authorities to finance the acquisition of equipment and facilities. Participation certificates may represent participation in a lease, an installment purchase contract, or a conditional sales contract. Certain municipal lease obligations (and related participation certificates) may include non-appropriation clauses which provide that the municipality has no obligation to make lease or installment purchase payments in future years unless money is appropriated for such purpose on a yearly basis. Custodial receipts are underwritten by securities dealers or banks and evidence ownership of future interest payments, principal payments or both on certain municipal securities. Municipal leases (and participations in such leases) present the risk that a municipality will not appropriate funds for the lease payments. The Investment Adviser will determine the credit quality of any unrated municipal leases on an ongoing basis, including an assessment of the likelihood that the leases will not be canceled.
To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios also may invest in moral obligation bonds, which normally are issued by special purpose public authorities. If the issuer of a moral obligation bond is unable to meet its debt service obligations from current revenues, it may draw on a reserve fund (if such a fund has been established), the restoration of which is a moral commitment, but not a legal obligation of the state or municipality which created the issuer.
The Portfolios also may purchase long-term variable and floating rate bonds (sometimes referred to as put bonds) where a Portfolio obtains at the time of purchase the right to put the bond back to the issuer or a third party at a par at least every thirteen months. Put bonds with conditional puts (that is, puts which cannot be exercised if the issuer defaults on its payment obligations) will present risks that are different than those of other municipal instruments because of the possibility that the Portfolios might hold long-term put bonds on which defaults occur following acquisition by the Portfolios.
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To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may acquire securities in the form of custodial receipts evidencing rights to receive a specific future interest payment, principal payment or both on certain municipal obligations. Such obligations are held in custody by a bank on behalf of the holders of the receipts. These custodial receipts are known by various names, including Municipal Receipts, Municipal Certificates of Accrual on Tax-Exempt Securities (M-CATS) and Municipal Zero-Coupon Receipts. The Portfolios also may purchase certificates of participation that, in the opinion of counsel to the issuer, are exempt from regular federal income tax. Certificates of participation are a type of floating or variable rate of obligation that represents interests in a pool of municipal obligations held by a bank.
An issuers obligations under its municipal instruments are subject to the provisions of bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws affecting the rights and remedies of creditors, such as the Federal Bankruptcy Code, and laws, if any, which may be enacted by federal or state legislatures extending the time for payment of principal or interest, or both, or imposing other constraints upon enforcement of such obligations or upon the ability of municipalities to levy taxes. The power or ability of an issuer to meet its obligations for the payment of interest on and principal of its municipal instruments may be materially adversely affected by litigation or other conditions.
From time to time, proposals have been introduced before Congress for the purpose of restricting or eliminating the federal income tax exemption for interest on municipal instruments. For example, under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, interest on certain private activity bonds must be included in an investors federal alternative minimum taxable income, and corporate investors must include all tax-exempt interest in their federal alternative minimum taxable income. The Trust cannot predict what legislation, if any, may be proposed in the future in Congress as regards the federal income tax status of interest on municipal instruments or which proposals, if any, might be enacted.
Certain of the municipal instruments held by a Portfolio may be insured as to the timely payment of principal and interest. The insurance policies usually will be obtained by the issuer of the municipal instrument at the time of its original issuance. In the event that the issuer defaults on an interest or principal payment, the insurer will be notified and will be required to make payment to the bondholders. There is, however, no guarantee that the insurer will meet its obligations. In addition, such insurance will not protect against market fluctuations caused by changes in interest rates and other factors. Moreover, the insurers exposure to securities involving subprime mortgages may cause a municipal bond insurers rating to be downgraded or may cause the bond insurer to become insolvent, which may affect the prices and liquidity of municipal obligations insured by the insurance company. A Portfolio may invest more than 25% of its total assets in municipal instruments covered by insurance policies.
In addition, a single enhancement provider may provide credit enhancement to more than one of a Portfolios investments. Having multiple securities credit enhanced by the same enhancement provider will increase the adverse effects on a Portfolio that are likely to result from a downgrading of, or a default by, such an enhancement provider. Adverse developments in the banking or bond insurance industries also may negatively affect a Portfolio. Bond insurers that provide credit enhancement for large segments of the fixed-income markets, particularly the municipal bond market, may be more susceptible to being downgraded or defaulting during recessions or similar period of economic stress. Municipal bonds may be covered by insurance that guarantees timely interest payments and repayment of principal on maturity. If a bonds insurer fails to fulfill its obligations or loses its credit rating, the value of the bond could drop. Insurance does not protect a Portfolio or its shareholders from losses caused by declines in a bonds market value.
Municipal instruments purchased by the Portfolios may be backed by letters of credit or other forms of credit enhancement issued by foreign (as well as domestic) banks and other financial institutions. A change in the credit quality of these banks and financial institutions could, therefore, cause loss to a Portfolio that invests in municipal instruments. Letters of credit and other obligations of foreign financial institutions may involve certain risks in addition to those of domestic obligations.
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The Portfolios may invest in municipal leases, which may be considered liquid under guidelines established by the Trusts Board of Trustees. The guidelines will provide for determination of the liquidity of a municipal lease obligation based on factors including the following: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the obligation; (ii) the number of dealers willing to purchase or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (iii) the willingness of dealers to undertake to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the marketplace trades, including the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers and the mechanics of transfer. The Investment Adviser, under guidelines approved by the Trusts Board of Trustees, also will consider the marketability of a municipal lease obligation based upon an analysis of the general credit quality of the municipality issuing the obligation and the essentiality to the municipality of the property covered by the lease.
OPTIONS. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may buy put options and buy call options and write covered call and secured put options. Such options may relate to particular securities, foreign and domestic stock indices, financial instruments, foreign currencies or the yield differential between two securities (yield curve options) and may or may not be listed on a domestic or foreign securities exchange or issued by the Options Clearing Corporation. A call option for a particular security or currency gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and a writer the obligation to sell, the underlying security at the stated exercise price prior to the expiration of the option, regardless of the market price of the security or currency. The premium paid to the writer is in consideration for undertaking the obligation under the option contract. A put option for a particular security or currency gives the purchaser the right to sell the security or currency at the stated exercise price prior to the expiration date of the option, regardless of the market price of the security or currency. In contrast to an option on a particular security, an option on an index provides the holder with the right to make or receive a cash settlement upon exercise of the option. The amount of this settlement will be equal to the difference between the closing price of the index at the time of exercise and the exercise price of the option expressed in dollars, times a specified multiple.
Options trading is a highly specialized activity that entails greater than ordinary investment risk. Options on particular securities may be more volatile than the underlying instruments and, therefore, on a percentage basis, an investment in options may be subject to greater fluctuation than an investment in the underlying instruments themselves.
The Portfolios will write call options only if they are covered. In the case of a call option on a security or currency, the option is covered if a Portfolio owns the security or currency underlying the call or has an absolute and immediate right to acquire that security without additional cash consideration (or, if additional cash consideration is required, liquid assets in such amount are segregated) upon conversion or exchange of other securities held by it. For a call option on an index, the option is covered if a Portfolio maintains with its custodian a portfolio of securities substantially replicating the index, or liquid assets equal to the contract value. A call option also is covered if a Portfolio holds a call on the same security, currency or index as the call written where the exercise price of the call held is (i) equal to or less than the exercise price of the call written, or (ii) greater than the exercise price of the call written provided the Portfolio segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference.
All put options written by a Portfolio would be covered, which means that such Portfolio will segregate cash or liquid assets with a value at least equal to the exercise price of the put option or will use the other methods described in the next sentence. A put option also is covered if a Portfolio holds a put option on the same security or currency as the option written where the exercise price of the option held is (i) equal to or higher than the exercise price of the option written, or (ii) less than the exercise price of the option written provided the Portfolio segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference.
With respect to yield curve options, a call (or put) option is covered if a Portfolio holds another call (or put) option on the spread between the same two securities and segregates liquid assets sufficient to cover the Portfolios net liability under the two options. Therefore, the Portfolios liability for such a covered option generally is limited to the difference between the amount of the Portfolios liability under the option written by
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the Portfolio less the value of the option held by the Portfolio. Yield curve options also may be covered in such other manner as may be in accordance with the requirements of the counterparty with which the option is traded and applicable laws and regulations.
A Portfolios obligation to sell subject to a covered call option written by it, or to purchase a security or currency subject to a secured put option written by it, may be terminated prior to the expiration date of the option by the Portfolios execution of a closing purchase transaction, which is effected by purchasing on an exchange an option of the same series (i.e., same underlying security or currency, exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously written. Such a purchase does not result in the ownership of an option. A closing purchase transaction will ordinarily be effected to realize a profit on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying instrument from being called, to permit the sale of the underlying security or currency or to permit the writing of a new option containing different terms on such underlying security. The cost of such a liquidation purchase plus transaction costs may be greater than the premium received upon the original option, in which event the Portfolio will have incurred a loss in the transaction. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular option. An option writer, unable to effect a closing purchase transaction, will not be able to sell the underlying security or currency (in the case of a covered call option) or liquidate the segregated assets (in the case of a secured put option) until the option expires or the optioned security or currency is delivered upon exercise with the result that the writer in such circumstances will be subject to the risk of market decline or appreciation in the instrument during such period.
When a Portfolio purchases an option, the premium paid by it is recorded as an asset of the Portfolio. When a Portfolio writes an option, an amount equal to the net premium (the premium less the commission) received by the Portfolio is included in the liability section of the Portfolios statement of assets and liabilities as a deferred credit. The amount of this asset or deferred credit will be subsequently marked-to-market to reflect the current value of the option purchased or written. The current value of the traded option is the last sale price or, in the absence of a sale, the current bid price. If an option purchased by the Portfolio expires unexercised, the Portfolio realizes a loss equal to the premium paid. If a Portfolio enters into a closing sale transaction on an option purchased by it, the Portfolio will realize a gain if the premium received by the Portfolio on the closing transaction is more than the premium paid to purchase the option, or a loss if it is less. If an option written by a Portfolio expires on the stipulated expiration date or if a Portfolio enters into a closing purchase transaction, it will realize a gain (or loss if the cost of a closing purchase transaction exceeds the net premium received when the option is sold) and the deferred credit related to such option will be eliminated. If an option written by a Portfolio is exercised, the proceeds of the sale will be increased by the net premium originally received and the Portfolio will realize a gain or loss.
There are several risks associated with transactions in certain options. For example, there are significant differences between the securities, currency and options markets that could result in an imperfect correlation between these markets, causing a given transaction not to achieve its objectives. In addition, a liquid secondary market for particular options, whether traded over-the-counter or on an exchange, may be absent for reasons which include the following: there may be insufficient trading interest in certain options; restrictions may be imposed by an exchange on opening transactions or closing transactions or both; trading halts, suspensions or other restrictions may be imposed with respect to particular classes or series of options or underlying securities or currencies; unusual or unforeseen circumstances may interrupt normal operations on an exchange; the facilities of an exchange or the Options Clearing Corporation may not at all times be adequate to handle current trading value; or one or more exchanges could, for economic or other reasons, decide or be compelled at some future date to discontinue the trading of options (or a particular class or series of options), in which event the secondary market on that exchange (or in that class or series of options) would cease to exist, although outstanding options that had been issued by the Options Clearing Corporation as a result of trades on that exchange would continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms.
REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT TRUSTS. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in equity real estate investment trusts (REITs). REITs are
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pooled investment vehicles which invest primarily in real estate or real estate related loans. REITs are generally classified as equity REITs, mortgage REITs or a combination of equity and mortgage REITs. Equity REITs invest the majority of their assets directly in real property and derive income primarily from the collection of rents. Equity REITs can also realize capital gains by selling properties that have appreciated in value. Equity REITs may further be categorized by the type of real estate securities they own, such as apartment properties, retail shopping centers, office and industrial properties, hotels, healthcare facilities, manufactured housing and mixed property types. Mortgage REITs invest the majority of their assets in real estate mortgages and derive income from the collection of interest payments. Hybrid REITs combine the characteristics of both equity and mortgage REITs. Like regulated investment companies such as the Portfolios, REITs are not taxed on income distributed to shareholders provided they comply with certain requirements under the Code. A Portfolio will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any expenses paid by REITs in which it invests in addition to the expenses paid by the Portfolio.
Investing in REITs involves certain unique risks. Equity REITs may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by such REITs, while mortgage REITs may be affected by the quality of any credit extended. REITs are dependent upon management skills, are not diversified (except to the extent the Code requires), and are subject to the risks of financing projects. REITs are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, default by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the possibilities of failing to qualify for the exemption from tax for distributed income under the Code and failing to maintain their exemptions from the 1940 Act. REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are also subject to interest rate risks. Investing in REITs also involves risks similar to those associated with investing in small capitalization companies. That is, they may have limited financial resources, may trade less frequently and in a limited volume and may be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements in comparison to larger capitalization companies.
In addition, the value of such securities may fluctuate in response to the markets perception of the creditworthiness of the issuers of mortgage-related securities owned by a Portfolio. Because investments in mortgage-related securities are interest sensitive, the ability of the issuer to reinvest or to reinvest favorably in underlying mortgages may be limited by government regulation or tax policy. For example, action by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System to limit the growth of the nations money supply may cause interest rates to rise and thereby reduce the volume of new residential mortgages. Additionally, although mortgages and mortgage-related securities are generally supported by some form of government or private guarantees and/or insurance, there is no assurance that private guarantors or insurers will be able to meet their obligation.
REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. Each Portfolio may agree to purchase portfolio securities from financial institutions subject to the sellers agreement to repurchase them at a mutually agreed upon date and price (repurchase agreements). Repurchase agreements are considered to be loans under the 1940 Act. Although the securities subject to a repurchase agreement may bear maturities exceeding one year, settlement for the repurchase agreement will never be more than one year after the Portfolios acquisition of the securities and normally will be within a shorter period of time. Securities subject to repurchase agreements normally are held either by the Trusts custodian or subcustodian (if any), or in the Federal Reserve/Treasury Book-Entry System. The seller under a repurchase agreement will be required to maintain the value of the securities subject to the agreement in an amount exceeding the repurchase price (including accrued interest). Default by the seller would, however, expose the Portfolio to possible loss because of adverse market action or delay in connection with the disposition of the underlying obligations. In addition, in the event of a bankruptcy, a Portfolio could suffer additional losses if a court determines that the Portfolios interest in the collateral is unenforceable.
REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS. Each Portfolio may borrow funds by selling portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker/dealers and agreeing to repurchase them at a mutually specified date and price (reverse repurchase agreements). The Portfolios may use the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements to purchase other securities either maturing, or under an agreement to resell, on a date simultaneous with or prior to the expiration of the reverse repurchase agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the
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market value of the securities sold by the Portfolios may decline below the repurchase price. The Portfolios will pay interest on amounts obtained pursuant to a reverse repurchase agreement. While reverse repurchase agreements are outstanding, the Portfolios will segregate liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities, plus accrued interest, subject to the agreement.
RISKS RELATED TO SMALL COMPANY SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in small company securities. While the Investment Adviser believes that smaller companies can provide greater growth potential than larger, more mature firms, investing in the securities of such companies also involves greater risk, portfolio price volatility and cost. Securities of such issuers may lack sufficient market liquidity to enable a Portfolio to effect sales at an advantageous time or without a substantial drop in price. Small companies often have narrower markets and more limited managerial and financial resources than larger, more established companies and may have a greater sensitivity to changing economic conditions. Smaller companies also face a greater risk of business failure. As a result, their performance can be more volatile, which could increase the volatility of a Portfolios portfolio. Generally, the smaller the company size, the greater these risks.
The values of small company stocks will frequently fluctuate independently of the values of larger company stocks. Small company stocks may decline in price as large company stock prices rise, or rise in price as large company stock prices decline. You should, therefore, expect that the NAV of a Portfolios shares will be more volatile than, and may fluctuate independently of, broad stock market indices such as the S&P 500 Index.
The additional costs associated with the acquisition of small company stocks include brokerage costs, market impact costs (that is, the increase in market prices which may result when a Portfolio purchases thinly traded stock) and the effect of the bid-ask spread in small company stocks. These costs will be borne by all shareholders.
RISKS RELATED TO MEDIUM AND LOWER QUALITY SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in medium and lower quality securities. Fixed-income securities rated Baa3 or BBB- are considered medium quality obligations with speculative characteristics. Fixed-income securities rated below Baa3 or BBB- are considered lower quality and are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Investments in medium and lower quality securities present special risk considerations. Medium quality securities, although considered investment grade, also are considered to have speculative characteristics. Lower quality securities are considered predominantly speculative by traditional investment standards. In some cases, these lower quality obligations may be highly speculative and have poor prospects for reaching investment grade standard. While any investment carries some risk, certain risks associated with lower quality securities are different than those for investment-grade securities. The risk of loss through default is greater because lower quality securities usually are unsecured and are often subordinate to an issuers other obligations. Additionally, the issuers of these securities frequently have high debt levels and are thus more sensitive to difficult economic conditions, individual corporate developments and rising interest rates. Consequently, the market price of these securities may be quite volatile and may result in wider fluctuations of a Portfolios NAV per share.
There remains some uncertainty about the performance level of the market for lower quality securities under adverse market and economic environments. An economic downturn or increase in interest rates could have a negative impact on both the market for lower quality securities (resulting in a greater number of bond defaults) and the value of lower quality securities held in the portfolio of investments.
The economy and interest rates can affect lower quality securities differently than other securities. For example, the prices of lower quality securities are more sensitive to adverse economic changes or individual corporate developments than are the prices of higher quality investments. In addition, during an economic downturn or period in which interest rates are rising significantly, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial difficulties, which, in turn, would adversely affect their ability to service their principal and interest payment obligations, meet projected business goals and obtain additional financing.
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The market value of lower quality securities tends to reflect individual corporate developments to a greater extent than that of higher quality securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Lower quality securities are often issued in connection with a corporate reorganization or restructuring or as a part of a merger, acquisition, takeover or similar event. They also are issued by less established companies seeking to expand. Such issuers are often highly leveraged, may not have available to them more traditional methods of financing and generally are less able than more established or less leveraged entities to make scheduled payments of principal and interest in the event of adverse economic developments or business conditions.
A holders risk of loss from default is significantly greater for lower quality securities than is the case for holders of other debt securities because such securities generally are unsecured and are often subordinated to the rights of other creditors of the issuers of such securities. Investment by a Portfolio in defaulted securities poses additional risk of loss should nonpayment of principal and interest continue in respect of such securities. Even if such securities are held to maturity, recovery by a Portfolio of its initial investment and any anticipated income or appreciation will be uncertain. A Portfolio also may incur additional expenses in seeking recovery on defaulted securities. If an issuer of a security defaults, a Portfolio may incur additional expenses to seek recovery. In addition, periods of economic uncertainty would likely result in increased volatility for the market prices of lower quality securities as well as a Portfolios NAV. In general, both the prices and yields of lower quality securities will fluctuate.
The secondary market for lower quality securities is concentrated in relatively few market makers and is dominated by institutional investors, including mutual funds, insurance companies and other financial institutions. Accordingly, the secondary market for such securities is not as liquid as, and is more volatile than, the secondary market for higher quality securities. In addition, market trading volume for high yield fixed-income securities generally is lower and the secondary market for such securities could contract under adverse market or economic conditions, independent of any specific adverse changes in the condition of a particular issuer. These factors may have an adverse effect on the market price and a Portfolios ability to dispose of particular portfolio investments. A less developed secondary market also may make it more difficult for a Portfolio to obtain precise valuations of the high yield securities in its portfolio.
The adoption of new legislation could adversely affect the secondary market for high yield securities and the financial condition of issuers of these securities. The form of any future legislation, and the probability of such legislation being enacted, is uncertain.
In certain circumstances, it may be difficult to determine a securitys fair value due to a lack of reliable objective information. Such instances occur where there is not an established secondary market for the security or the security is lightly traded. As a result, a Portfolios valuation of a security and the price it is actually able to obtain when it sells the security could differ.
Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the value and liquidity of lower-quality convertible securities held by a Portfolio, especially in a thinly traded market. Illiquid or restricted securities held by a Portfolio may involve special registration responsibilities, liabilities and costs, and could involve other liquidity and valuation difficulties.
The ratings of S&P, Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited (Dominion), Moodys and Fitch evaluate the safety of a lower quality securitys principal and interest payments, but do not address market value risk. Because the ratings of the rating agencies may not always reflect current conditions and events, in addition to using recognized rating agencies and other sources, the Investment Adviser performs its own analysis of the issuers whose lower quality securities the Portfolios purchase. Because of this, a Portfolios performance may depend more on its Investment Advisers credit analysis than is the case of mutual funds investing in higher quality securities.
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In selecting lower quality securities, the Investment Adviser considers factors such as those relating to the creditworthiness of issuers, the ratings and performance of the securities, the protections afforded the securities and the diversity of a Portfolios investment portfolio. The Investment Adviser monitors the issuers of lower quality securities held by a Portfolio for their ability to make required principal and interest payments, as well as in an effort to control the liquidity of the Portfolio so that it can meet redemption requests.
SECURITIES LENDING. Collateral for loans of portfolio securities made by a Portfolio may consist of cash, cash equivalents, securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies or irrevocable bank letters of credit (or any combination thereof). The borrower of securities will be required to maintain the market value of the collateral at not less than the market value of the loaned securities, and such value will be monitored on a daily basis. When a Portfolio lends its securities, it continues to receive payments equal to the dividends and interest paid on the securities loaned and simultaneously may earn interest on the investment of the cash collateral. Investing the collateral subjects it to market depreciation or appreciation, and a Portfolio is responsible for any loss that may result from its investment in borrowed collateral. A Portfolio will have the right to terminate a loan at any time and recall the loaned securities within the normal and customary settlement time for securities transactions. Although voting rights, or rights to consent, attendant to securities on loan pass to the borrower, such loans may be called so that the securities may be voted by a Portfolio if a material event affecting the investment is to occur. As with other extensions of credit there are risks of delay in recovering, or even loss of rights in, the collateral should the borrower of the securities fail financially.
SHORT SALES AGAINST-THE-BOX. The Portfolios may engage in short sales against-the-box. In a short sale, the seller sells a borrowed security and has a corresponding obligation to the lender to deliver the identical security. The seller does not immediately return the securities sold and is said to have a short position in those securities until delivery occurs. While a short sale is made by selling a security the seller does not own, a short sale is against-the-box to the extent that the seller contemporaneously owns or has the right to obtain, at no added cost, securities identical to those sold short. It may be entered into by a Portfolio, for example, to lock in a sales price for a security the Portfolio does not wish to sell immediately. If a Portfolio sells securities short against-the-box, it may protect itself from loss if the price of the security declines in the future, but will lose the opportunity to profit on such securities if the price rises.
STOCK INDICES. The S&P 500 Index is a market value-weighted index consisting of 500 common stocks which are traded on the New York Stock Exchange, American Stock Exchange and the Nasdaq National Market System and selected by the Standard & Poors Corporation (Standard & Poors or S&P) through a detailed screening process starting on a macro-economic level and working toward a micro-economic level dealing with company-specific information such as market value, industry group classification, capitalization and trading activity. Standard & Poors primary objective for the S&P 500 Index is to be the performance benchmark for the U.S. equity markets. The companies chosen for inclusion in the S&P 500 Index tend to be leaders in important industries within the U.S. economy. However, companies are not selected by Standard & Poors for inclusion because they are expected to have superior stock price performance relative to the market in general or other stocks in particular.
As of December 31, 2009, the approximate market capitalization range of the companies included in the S&P 500 Index was between $1.1 billion and $323.7 billion.
The Russell 1000 ® Index is an unmanaged index which measures the performance of the 1,000 largest companies in the Russell 3000 ® Index, based on a combination of their market capitalization and current index membership. The Russell 1000 Index represents approximately 92% of the U.S. market as of December 31, 2009.
The Russell 1000 ® Growth Index is an unmanaged index measuring the performance of those Russell 1000 companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values.
The Russell 3000 Index is an unmanaged index measuring the performance of the 3,000 largest U.S. companies based on total market capitalization. The Russell 3000 Index represents approximately 98% of the investable U.S. equity market as of December 31, 2009.
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STRIPPED SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, each Portfolio may purchase stripped securities. The Treasury Department has facilitated transfers of ownership of zero coupon securities by accounting separately for the beneficial ownership of particular interest coupon and principal payments on Treasury securities through the Federal Reserve book-entry record-keeping system. The Federal Reserve program as established by the Treasury Department is known as Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities or STRIPS. The Portfolios may purchase securities registered in the STRIPS program. Under the STRIPS program, a Portfolio will be able to have its beneficial ownership of zero coupon securities recorded directly in the book-entry record-keeping system in lieu of having to hold certificates or other evidences of ownership of the underlying U.S. Treasury securities.
Other types of stripped securities may be purchased by the Portfolios, including stripped mortgage-backed securities (SMBS). SMBS usually are structured with two or more classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions from a pool of mortgage-backed obligations. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving all of the interest, while the other class receives all of the principal. However, in some instances, one class will receive some of the interest and most of the principal while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. If the underlying obligations experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, a Portfolio may fail to recoup fully its initial investment in these securities. The market value of the class consisting entirely of principal payments generally is extremely volatile in response to changes in interest rates. The yields on a class of SMBS that receives all or most of the interest generally are higher than prevailing market yields on other mortgage-backed obligations because their cash flow patterns also are volatile and there is a risk that the initial investment will not be recouped fully. SMBS issued by the U.S. government (or a U.S. government agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise) may be considered liquid under guidelines established by the Trusts Board of Trustees if they can be disposed of promptly in the ordinary course of business at a value reasonably close to that used in the calculation of the NAV per share.
SUPRANATIONAL BANK OBLIGATIONS. Each Portfolio, to the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, may invest in obligations of supranational banks. Supranational banks are international banking institutions designed or supported by national governments to promote economic reconstruction, development or trade among nations (e.g., the World Bank). Obligations of supranational banks may be supported by appropriated but unpaid commitments of their member countries and there is no assurance that these commitments will be undertaken or met in the future.
U.S. GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS. Examples of the types of U.S. government obligations that may be acquired by the Portfolios include U.S. Treasury Bills, Treasury Notes and Treasury Bonds and the obligations of Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, the Federal Housing Administration, Farmers Home Administration, Export-Import Bank of the United States, Small Business Administration, Fannie Mae, Ginnie Mae, General Services Administration, Central Bank for Cooperatives, Freddie Mac, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks and the Maritime Administration.
Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises also are deemed to include (i) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. government or by any agency, instrumentality or sponsored enterprise thereof, and (ii) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed.
To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in a variety of U.S. Treasury obligations and obligations issued by or guaranteed by the U.S. government or by its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises. Not all government obligations carry the same credit support. No assurance can be given that the U.S. government would provide financial support to its agencies, instrumentalities or sponsored enterprises if it were not obligated to do so by law. There is no assurance that these commitments will be undertaken or complied with in the future. In addition, the secondary market for certain participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies may be limited. In the absence of a suitable secondary market, such participations generally are considered illiquid.
28
VARIABLE AND FLOATING RATE INSTRUMENTS. Variable and floating rate instruments have interest rates that periodically are adjusted either at set intervals or that float at a margin in relation to a generally recognized index rate. These instruments include long-term variable and floating rate bonds (sometimes referred to as put bonds) where the Portfolio obtains at the time of purchase the right to put the bond back to the issuer or a third party at par at a specified date and also includes leveraged inverse floating rate instruments (inverse floaters).
With respect to the variable and floating rate instruments that may be acquired by the Portfolios, the Investment Adviser will consider the earning power, cash flows and other liquidity ratios of the issuers and guarantors of such instruments and, if the instruments are subject to demand features, will monitor their financial status and ability to meet payment on demand. Where necessary to ensure that a variable or floating rate instrument meets the Portfolios quality requirements, the issuers obligation to pay the principal of the instrument will be backed by an unconditional bank letter or line of credit, guarantee or commitment to lend.
Unrated variable and floating rate instruments will be determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of the purchase to rated instruments that may be purchased by the Portfolios. In determining weighted average portfolio maturity, an instrument may, subject to the SECs regulations, be deemed to have a maturity shorter than its nominal maturity based on the period remaining until the next interest rate adjustment or the time the Portfolio involved can recover payment of principal as specified in the instrument. Variable and floating rate instruments eligible for purchase by the Portfolio include variable amount master demand notes, which permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary in addition to providing for periodic adjustments in the interest rate.
Variable and floating rate instruments that may be purchased by the Portfolios include variable amount master demand notes, which permit the indebtedness thereunder to vary in addition to providing for periodic adjustments in the interest rate. Variable and floating rate instruments also include leveraged inverse floaters. The interest rate on an inverse floater resets in the opposite direction from the market rate of interest to which the inverse floater is indexed. An inverse floater may be considered to be leveraged to the extent that its interest rate varies by a magnitude that exceeds the magnitude of the change in the index rate of interest. The higher degree of leverage inherent in inverse floaters is associated with greater volatility in their market values. Accordingly, the duration of an inverse floater may exceed its stated final maturity. The Portfolios may deem the maturity of variable and floating rate instruments to be less than their stated maturities based on their variable and floating rate features and/or their put features. Unrated variable and floating rate instruments will be determined by the Investment Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase to rated instruments which may be purchased by the Portfolios.
Variable and floating rate instruments including inverse floaters held by a Portfolio will be subject to the Portfolios limitation on illiquid investments, absent a reliable trading market, when the Portfolio may not demand payment of the principal amount within seven days. Because there is no active secondary market for certain variable and floating rate instruments, they may be more difficult to sell if the issuer defaults on its payment obligations or during periods when the Portfolio is not entitled to exercise its demand rights. As a result, the Portfolio could suffer a loss with respect to these instruments.
WARRANTS. The Portfolios may purchase warrants and similar rights, which are privileges issued by corporations enabling the owners to subscribe to and purchase a specified number of shares of the corporation at a specified price during a specified period of time. The prices of warrants do not necessarily correlate with the prices of the underlying shares. The purchase of warrants involves the risk that a Portfolio could lose the purchase value of a warrant if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not exercised prior to the warrants expiration. Also, the purchase of warrants involves the risk that the effective price paid for the warrant added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed securitys market price such as when there is no movement in the level of the underlying security.
29
YIELDS AND RATINGS. The yields on certain obligations, including the instruments in which the Portfolios may invest, are dependent on a variety of factors, including general market conditions, conditions in the particular market for the obligation, financial condition of the issuer, size of the offering, maturity of the obligation and ratings of the issue. The ratings of S&P, Dominion, Moodys and Fitch represent their respective opinions as to the quality of the obligations they undertake to rate. Ratings, however, are general and are not absolute standards of quality. Consequently, obligations with the same rating, maturity and interest rate may have different market prices. For a more complete discussion of ratings, see Appendix A to this SAI.
Subject to the limitations stated in the Prospectus, if a security held by a Portfolio undergoes a rating revision, the Portfolio may continue to hold the security if the Investment Adviser determines such retention is warranted.
ZERO COUPON AND CAPITAL APPRECIATION BONDS AND PAY-IN-KIND SECURITIES. To the extent consistent with their respective investment objectives and strategies, the Portfolios may invest in zero coupon bonds, capital appreciation bonds and pay-in-kind (PIK) securities. Zero coupon and capital appreciation bonds are debt securities issued or sold at a discount from their face value and which do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity or a specified date. The original issue discount varies depending on the time remaining until maturity or cash payment date, prevailing interest rates, the liquidity of the security and the perceived credit quality of the issuer. These securities also may take the form of debt securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons, the coupons themselves or receipts or certificates representing interests in such stripped debt obligations or coupons. The market prices of zero coupon bonds, capital appreciation bonds and PIK securities generally are more volatile than the market prices of interest bearing securities and are likely to respond to a greater degree to changes in interest rates than interest bearing securities having similar maturities and credit quality.
PIK securities may be debt obligations or preferred shares that provide the issuer with the option of paying interest or dividends on such obligations in cash or in the form of additional securities rather than cash. Similar to zero coupon bonds, PIK securities are designed to give an issuer flexibility in managing cash flow. PIK securities that are debt securities can either be senior or subordinated debt and generally trade flat (i.e., without accrued interest). The trading price of PIK debt securities generally reflects the market value of the underlying debt plus an amount representing accrued interest since the last interest payment.
Zero coupon bonds, capital appreciation bonds and PIK securities involve the additional risk that, unlike securities that periodically pay interest to maturity, the Portfolio will realize no cash until a specified future payment date unless a portion of such securities is sold and, if the issuer of such securities defaults, the Portfolio may obtain no return at all on its investment. In addition, even though such securities do not provide for the payment of current interest in cash, the Portfolio is nonetheless required to accrue income on such investments for each taxable year and generally is required to distribute such accrued amounts (net of deductible expenses, if any) to avoid being subject to tax. Because no cash generally is received at the time of the accrual, the Portfolio may be required to liquidate other portfolio securities to obtain sufficient cash to satisfy federal tax distribution requirements applicable to the Portfolio.
Each Portfolio is subject to the fundamental investment restrictions enumerated below which may be changed with respect to a particular Portfolio only by a vote of the holders of a majority of such Portfolios outstanding shares as described in Description of Shares on page 70.
No Portfolio may:
(1) Make loans, except through (a) the purchase of debt obligations in accordance with the Portfolios investment objective and strategies, (b) repurchase agreements with banks, brokers, dealers and other financial institutions, (c) loans of securities, and (d) loans to affiliates of the Portfolio to the extent permitted by law.
30
(2) Purchase or sell real estate, but this restriction shall not prevent a Portfolio from investing directly or indirectly in portfolio instruments secured by real estate or interests therein or acquiring securities of REITs or other issuers that deal in real estate.
(3) Invest in commodities or commodity contracts, except that each Portfolio may invest in currency and financial instruments and contracts that are commodities or commodity contracts.
(4) Invest in companies for the purpose of exercising control.
(5) Act as underwriter of securities, except as a Portfolio may be deemed to be an underwriter under the 1933 Act in connection with the purchase and sale of portfolio instruments in accordance with its investment objective and portfolio management policies.
(6) Make any investment inconsistent with the Portfolios classification as a diversified investment company under the 1940 Act.
(7) Purchase securities (other than obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities) if such purchase would cause more than 25% in the aggregate of the market value of the total assets of a Portfolio to be invested in the securities of one or more issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry. For the purpose of this restriction, as to utility companies, the gas, electric, water and telephone businesses are considered separate industries; personal credit finance companies and business credit finance companies are deemed to be separate industries; and wholly-owned finance companies are considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to financing the activities of their parents.
(8) Borrow money, except that to the extent permitted by applicable law (a) a Portfolio may borrow from banks, other affiliated investment companies and other persons, and may engage in reverse repurchase agreements and other transactions which involve borrowings, in amounts up to 33-1/3% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) or such other percentage permitted by law, (b) a Portfolio may borrow up to an additional 5% of its total assets for temporary purposes, (c) a Portfolio may obtain such short-term credits as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of portfolio securities, and (d) a Portfolio may purchase securities on margin. If due to market fluctuations or other reasons a Portfolios borrowings exceed the limitations stated above, the Trust will promptly reduce the borrowings of such Portfolio in accordance with the 1940 Act. In addition, as a matter of fundamental policy, a Portfolio will not issue senior securities to the extent such issuance would violate applicable law.
(9) Notwithstanding any of the Trusts other fundamental investment restrictions (including, without limitation, those restrictions relating to issuer diversification, industry concentration and control), each Portfolio may: (a) purchase securities of other investment companies to the full extent permitted under Section 12 or any other provision of the 1940 Act (or any successor provision thereto) or under any regulation or order of the SEC; and (b) invest all or substantially all of its assets in a single open-end investment company or series thereof with substantially the same investment objective, strategies and fundamental restrictions as the Portfolio.
For the purposes of Investment Restrictions Nos. 1 and 8 above, the Portfolios expect that they would be required to file an exemptive application with the SEC and receive the SECs approval of that application prior to entering into lending or borrowing arrangements with affiliates. The Portfolios have filed such an exemptive application with the SEC and, as of the date of this SAI, have not yet received the SECs approval regarding such lending and borrowing arrangements.
In applying Restriction No. 6 above, a security is considered to be issued by the entity, or entities, whose assets and revenues back the security. A guarantee of a security is not deemed to be a security issued by the guarantor when the value of all securities issued and guaranteed by the guarantor, and owned by a Portfolio, does not exceed 10% of the value of the Portfolios total assets.
31
Except to the extent otherwise provided in Investment Restriction No. 7, for the purpose of such restriction in determining industry classification, a Portfolio may use any one of the following: the Bloomberg Industry Group Classification, S&P, J.J. Kenny Municipal Purpose Codes, FT Interactive Industrial Codes, Securities Industry Classification Codes or the Global Industry Classification Standard. For the purpose of determining the percentage of a Portfolios total assets invested in securities of issuers having their principal business activities in a particular industry, an asset-backed security will be classified separately based on the nature of its underlying assets.
Securities held in escrow or separate accounts in connection with a Portfolios investment practices described in this SAI and the applicable Prospectus are not deemed to be mortgaged, pledged or hypothecated for purposes of the foregoing restrictions.
Notwithstanding Restriction No. 8, each Portfolio intends, as a non-fundamental policy, to limit all borrowings to no more than 25% of its total assets (including the amount borrowed).
Any Investment Restriction which involves a maximum percentage (other than the restriction set forth in Investment Restriction No. 8) will not be considered violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition of securities or assets of, or borrowings by, a Portfolio. The 1940 Act requires that if the asset coverage for borrowings at any time falls below the limits described in Investment Restriction No. 8, the Portfolio will, within three days thereafter (not including Sundays and holidays), reduce the amount of its borrowings to an extent that the net asset coverage of such borrowings shall conform to such limits.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Board of Trustees of the Trust has adopted a policy on disclosure of portfolio holdings, which it believes is in the best interest of each Portfolios shareholders. The policy provides that neither the Portfolios nor their Investment Adviser, Distributor or any agent, or any employee thereof (Portfolio Representative) will disclose a Portfolios portfolio holdings information to any person other than in accordance with the policy. For purposes of the policy, portfolio holdings information means a Portfolios actual portfolio holdings, as well as non-public information about its trading strategies or pending transactions including the portfolio holdings, trading strategies or pending transactions of any actively managed commingled fund portfolio which contains identical holdings as the Portfolio. Under the policy, neither a Portfolio nor any Portfolio Representative may solicit or accept any compensation or other consideration in connection with the disclosure of portfolio holdings information. A Portfolio Representative may provide portfolio holdings information to third parties if such information has been included in a Portfolios public filings with the SEC or is disclosed on the Portfolios publicly accessible Web site. Information posted on a Portfolios Web site may be separately provided to any person commencing the day after it is first published on the Portfolios Web site.
Portfolio holdings information that is not filed with the SEC or posted on the publicly available Web site may be provided to third parties only if the third party recipients are required to keep all portfolio holdings information confidential and are prohibited from trading on the information they receive. Disclosure to such third parties must be approved in advance by the Trusts Chief Compliance Officer (CCO). Disclosure to providers of auditing, custody, proxy voting and other similar services for the Portfolios, as well as rating and ranking organizations, will generally be permitted; however, information may be disclosed to other third parties (including, without limitation, individuals, institutional investors, and intermediaries that sell shares of a Portfolio) only upon approval by the CCO, who must first determine that the Portfolio has a legitimate business purpose for doing so. In general, each recipient of non-public portfolio holdings information must sign a confidentiality and non-trading agreement, although this requirement will not apply when the recipient is otherwise subject to a duty of confidentiality as determined by the CCO. In accordance with the policy, the recipients who receive non-public portfolio holdings information on an ongoing basis are as follows: the Investment Adviser and its affiliates, the Portfolios independent registered public accounting firm, the Portfolios custodian, the Portfolios legal counsel, the Portfolios financial
32
printer, R.R. Donnelley; the Portfolios proxy voting service, RiskMetrics Group; certain rating and ranking organizations, S&P and Moodys; and the following vendors that provide portfolio analytical tools, Vestek (aka Thomson Financial), Citigroup, Barclays Capital and Factset. These entities are obligated to keep such information confidential. Third-party providers of custodial or accounting services to a Portfolio may release non-public portfolio holdings information of the Portfolio only with the permission of Portfolio Representatives. From time to time, portfolio holdings information may be provided to broker-dealers solely in connection with a Portfolio seeking portfolio securities trading recommendations. In providing this information reasonable precautions, including limitations on the scope of the portfolio holdings information disclosed, are taken in an effort to avoid any potential misuse of the disclosed information.
The Portfolios currently publish on their Web site, northernfunds.com/institutional, complete portfolio holdings for each Portfolio as of the end of each calendar quarter subject to at least a ten (10) calendar day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. In addition, the Portfolios intend to publish on their Web site month-end top ten holdings subject to at least a ten (10) calendar day lag between the date of the information and the date on which the information is disclosed. A Portfolio may publish on the Web site complete portfolio holdings information more frequently if it has a legitimate business purpose for doing so.
Portfolio holdings also are currently disclosed through required filings with the SEC. Each Portfolio files its portfolio holdings with the SEC for each fiscal quarter on Form N-CSR (with respect to each annual period and semiannual period) and Form N-Q (with respect to the first and third quarters of the Portfolios fiscal year). Shareholders may obtain a Portfolios Forms N-CSR and N-Q filings on the SECs Web site at sec.gov. In addition, the Portfolios Forms N-CSR and N-Q filings may be reviewed and copied at the SECs public reference room in Washington, DC. You may call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for information about the SECs Web site or the operation of the public reference room.
Under the policy, the Board of Trustees is to receive information, on a quarterly basis, regarding any other disclosures of non-public portfolio holdings information that were permitted during the preceding quarter.
33
The Board of Trustees of the Trust is responsible for the management and business and affairs of the Trust. Set forth below is information about the Trustees and Officers of Northern Institutional Funds as of the date of this SAI. Each Trustee has served in that capacity since he or she was originally elected or appointed to the Board of Trustees. As of the date of this SAI, each Trustee oversees a total of 64 portfolios in the Northern Funds ComplexNorthern Institutional Funds offers 21 portfolios and Northern Funds offers 43 portfolios.*
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS
HELD
|
||
|
William L. Bax Age: 66 Trustee since 2005 |
Managing Partner of PricewaterhouseCoopers, Chicago (an accounting firm) from 1997 to 2003; Director of Big Shoulders Fund since 1997; Director of Childrens Memorial Hospital since 1998; Trustee of DePaul University from 1998 to 2009; Director of Sears Roebuck & Co. (a retail company) from 2003 to 2005; Director of Andrew Corporation (a communications product company) from 2006 to 2008. |
Arthur J. Gallagher & Co. (an insurance brokerage company). |
| (1) |
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996. |
| (2) |
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of the calendar year of the Trust in which he or she attains the age of seventy-two years, except that (a) a Trustee who also serves as an audit committee financial expert for the Trust shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-three years; and (b) a Trustee who becomes a Trustee at age sixty-eight years or older shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-five years. |
| (3) |
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act) (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |
| * | Ms. Skinner and Mr. Potter each oversee at total of 57 portfolios in the Northern Funds Complex36 portfolios offered by Northern Funds and 21 offered by Northern Institutional Funds. |
34
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
|
||
|
Edward J. Condon, Jr. Age: 70 Trustee since 1994 |
Chairman and CEO of The Paradigm Group, Ltd. (a financial adviser) since 1993; Principal and Co-Founder of Paradigm Capital, Ltd. (a financial adviser) since 1996; Founding Member and Director of the Illinois Venture Capital Association since 2001; Member of the Board of Trustees of Dominican University from 1996 to 2005; |
None |
||
|
Member of the Board of Directors of the Chicago Childrens Museum from 2001 to 2007; Member of the Board of Governors of The Metropolitan Club since 2003; Member of the Board of Advisors of AAVIN Equity Partners (a private equity firm) since 2005; Member of the National Advisory Board of National Domestic Violence Hotline since 2005; |
||||
|
Member of the Board of Directors at LightBridge Healthcare Research Inc. (a healthcare-related educational materials provider) since 2006; Member of Advisory Board of Lextech Global Services (a systems engineering services company) since 2009; Private Equity Administrator of Illinois Technology Development Account from 2003 to 2006; Member of Advisory Council of Northwestern Brain Tumor Institute since 2010. |
| (1) |
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996. |
| (2) |
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of the calendar year of the Trust in which he or she attains the age of seventy-two years, except that (a) a Trustee who also serves as an audit committee financial expert for the Trust shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-three years; and (b) a Trustee who becomes a Trustee at age sixty-eight years or older shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-five years. |
| (3) |
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |
35
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
|
||
|
Sharon Gist Gilliam Age: 66 Trustee since 2001 |
Principal Officer, UCG Associates, Inc. (an aviation consulting firm) from 2005 to 2006 and Director from 2005 to 2008; CEO of Chicago Housing Authority from 2006 to 2007; Executive Vice President of Unison-Maximus, Inc. (an aviation and governmental consulting company) from 1989 to 2005. |
None |
||
|
Sandra Polk Guthman Age: 66 Trustee since 1997 |
Chair and CEO of Polk Bros. Foundation (an Illinois not-for-profit corporation) since 1993; Director of National Public Finance Guarantee Corporation (f/k/a MBIA Insurance Corp. of Illinois) (a municipal bond insurance company) since 1994. |
None |
| (1) |
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996. |
| (2) |
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of the calendar year of the Trust in which he or she attains the age of seventy-two years, except that (a) a Trustee who also serves as an audit committee financial expert for the Trust shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-three years; and (b) a Trustee who becomes a Trustee at age sixty-eight years or older shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-five years. |
| (3) |
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |
36
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
|
||
|
Michael H. Moskow Age: 72 Trustee since 2008 |
Vice Chairman and Senior Fellow on the Global Economy at the Chicago Council on Global Affairs since 2007, Member of the Board of Directors since 1995; Director of Commonwealth Edison since 2007; President and Chief Executive Officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago from 1994 to 2007; Director of Education Corporation of America since 2008; Chairman of the Japan America Society of Chicago since 2009; Former Chairman and Current Member of the Board of Directors, National Bureau of Economic Research from 1978 to 1991, and since 1993; Member of the Board of Trustees of the Northwestern Memorial Foundation since 2004; Member of the Board of Directors of the Civic Consulting Alliance since 2002; Member of the Board of Directors of the Chicago Workforce Investment Council (f/k/a Chicago LEADS Civic Advisory Board) since 2009; Member of the Board of Directors of the Chicago Council on Global Affairs since 1995; Member of the Board of Directors of the Council on Foreign Relations from 1998 to 2008; Member of the Board of Trustees of Lafayette College since 1996; Member of the Board of Directors of the National Futures Association since 2010. |
Discover Financial Services; Diamond Management and Technology Consultants, Inc. (a management and technology consulting firm); Taylor Capital Group, Inc. (financial services). |
| (1) |
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996. |
| (2) |
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of the calendar year of the Trust in which he or she attains the age of seventy-two years, except that (a) a Trustee who also serves as an audit committee financial expert for the Trust shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-three years; and (b) a Trustee who becomes a Trustee at age sixty-eight years or older shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-five years. |
| (3) |
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |
37
NON-INTERESTED TRUSTEES (CONTINUED)
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
|
||
|
Mary Jacobs Skinner, Esq. Age: 52 Trustee since 2000 |
Partner in the law firm of Sidley Austin LLP. |
None |
||
|
Richard P. Strubel Age: 70 Trustee since 1982 and Chairman since 2008 |
Vice Chairman and Director of Cardean Learning Group (formerly UNext, Inc.) (a provider of educational services via the Internet) from 2004 to 2007; President, Chief Operating Officer and Director of UNext, Inc. from 1999 to 2004. |
Gildan Activewear, Inc. (an athletic clothing marketing and manufacturing company); Goldman Sachs Mutual Fund Complex (94 portfolios); Goldman Sachs Closed-End Funds (2 portfolios). |
||
|
Casey J. Sylla Age: 67 Trustee since 2008 |
Chief Investment Officer, The Allstate Corporation from January to July, 2002; Acting Chief Financial Officer, The Allstate Corporation from May to September, 2002; Chairman and President of the Allstate Financial Group from 2002 to 2007; Chairman of the Investment Committee, Legal and General Investment ManagementAmerica, 2007; Board member, University of WisconsinEau Claire Foundation from 2006 to present. |
GATX Corporation (transportation services); Spirit Finance Corporation (real estate investment trust) (2003-2008). |
||
| (1) |
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996. |
| (2) |
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of the calendar year of the Trust in which he or she attains the age of seventy-two years, except that (a) a Trustee who also serves as an audit committee financial expert for the Trust shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-three years; and (b) a Trustee who becomes a Trustee at age sixty-eight years or older shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-five years. |
| (3) |
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |
38
INTERESTED TRUSTEE
|
NAME, ADDRESS
(1)
, AGE,
|
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS
|
OTHER DIRECTORSHIPS HELD
|
||
|
Stephen N. Potter (4) Age: 53 Trustee since 2008 |
Director of Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc. since May 2008; Chairman of Northern Trust Investments, N.A. since March 2008; President of Northern Trust Global Investments, Ltd. from March 2008 to February 2009; Director of Northern Trust Global Investments, Ltd. from February 2000 to February 2009 Executive Vice President of Northern Trust Corporation since October 2003; |
None |
||
|
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Northern Trust Global Services, Ltd. from 2003 to 2008; Chief Executive Officer of Europe, the Middle East and Africa at The Northern Trust Company from 2001 to March 2008; Managing Director, Institutional Group, Northern Trust Global Investments, Ltd. from 1995 to 2001. |
| (1) |
Each Trustee may be contacted by writing to the Trustee, c/o Diana E. McCarthy, Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, PA 19103-6996. |
| (2) |
Each Trustee will hold office for an indefinite term until the earliest of: (i) the next meeting of shareholders, if any, called for the purpose of considering the election or re-election of such Trustee and until the election and qualification of his or her successor, if any, elected at such meeting; (ii) the date a Trustee resigns or retires, or a Trustee is removed by the Board of Trustees or shareholders, in accordance with the Trusts Agreement and Declaration of Trust; or (iii) in accordance with the current resolutions of the Board of Trustees (which may be changed without shareholder vote) on the last day of the calendar year of the Trust in which he or she attains the age of seventy-two years, except that (a) a Trustee who also serves as an audit committee financial expert for the Trust shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-three years; and (b) a Trustee who becomes a Trustee at age sixty-eight years or older shall cease to serve as a Trustee as of the last day of the calendar year in which the Trustee attains the age of seventy-five years. |
| (3) |
This column includes only directorships of companies required to report to the SEC under the Exchange Act (i.e., public companies) or other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. |
| (4) |
An interested person, as defined by the 1940 Act. Mr. Potter is deemed to be an interested Trustee because he is an officer, director, employee, and a shareholder of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates. |
39
OFFICERS OF THE TRUST
|
NAME, ADDRESS, AGE, POSITIONS HELD WITH TRUST AND LENGTH OF SERVICE (1) |
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS |
|
|
Lloyd A. Wennlund Age: 52 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 President since 2000 |
Executive Vice President since 2003 and Director since 2001 of Northern Trust Investments, N.A.; Executive Vice President and other positions at The Northern Trust Company and Managing Executive, Mutual Funds for Northern Trust Global Investments since 1994; Director, NT Global Advisors, Inc. since August 2006; President and Director of Northern Trust Securities, Inc. from 1997 to 2009. | |
|
Eric K. Schweitzer Age: 49 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 Vice President since 2000 |
Senior Vice President at Northern Trust Investments, N.A. since 2001; Senior Vice President at The Northern Trust Company since 2000. | |
|
Susan J. Hill Age: 54 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 Chief Compliance Officer since 2004 |
Chief Compliance Officer of The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut (f/k/a Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc.) since 2007; Chief Compliance Officer of Northern Trust Investments, N.A. since 2005; Senior Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, N.A. since 2005; Vice President of Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and The Northern Trust Company from 2000 to 2004. | |
|
Darlene Chappell Age: 47 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer since 2009 |
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer for Northern Trust Investments, N.A., Northern Trust Securities, Inc., Northern Trust Global Advisors, Inc. and The Northern Trust Company of Connecticut since 2009; Vice President and Compliance Consultant for The Northern Trust Company since 2006; Audit ManagerCompliance Department of National Futures Association from 2000 to 2006. | |
|
Randal Rein Age: 39 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 Treasurer since 2008 |
Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company since 2007; Second Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2002 to 2007; Manager of Fund Administration at The Northern Trust Company from 2001 to 2002. | |
|
Michael Pryszcz Age: 43 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 Assistant Treasurer since 2008 |
Vice President of Fund Accounting of The Northern Trust Company since 2005; Second Vice President of Fund Accounting of The Northern Trust Company from 2000 to 2005. | |
|
Richard Crabill Age: 42 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 Assistant Treasurer since 2008 |
Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company since 2005; Second Vice President of Fund Administration of The Northern Trust Company from 2002 to 2005. | |
| (1) |
Officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees until the next annual meeting of the Trust or until their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until they die, resign, are removed or become disqualified. |
40
OFFICERS OF THE TRUST (CONTINUED)
|
NAME, ADDRESS, AGE, POSITIONS HELD WITH TRUST AND LENGTH OF SERVICE (1) |
PRINCIPAL OCCUPATIONS DURING PAST FIVE YEARS |
|
|
Craig R. Carberry, Esq. Age: 49 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 Secretary since 2010 |
Senior Counsel at The Northern Trust Company since May 2000. | |
|
Owen T. Meacham, Esq. Age: 39 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 Assistant Secretary since 2008 |
Vice President and Senior Regulatory Administration Attorney of The Northern Trust Company since 2007; Product Strategy and Development Manager of ABN AMRO Asset Management from 2005 to 2007. | |
|
Shanna Palmersheim, Esq. Age: 33 50 South LaSalle Street Chicago, IL 60603 Assistant Secretary since 2008 |
Second Vice President and Regulatory Administration Attorney of The Northern Trust Company since 2008; Associate Counsel of Peregrine Financial Group from 2007 to 2008; Senior Treasury Analyst at Harley-Davidson Financial Services from 2005 to 2007; Law Clerk at Paul McAndrew Law Firm from 2004 to 2005; Senior Accountant at State Street Corporation from 1999 to 2002. | |
| (1) |
Officers hold office at the pleasure of the Board of Trustees until the next annual meeting of the Trust or until their successors are duly elected and qualified, or until they die, resign, are removed or become disqualified. |
41
Certain of the Trustees and officers and the organizations with which they are associated have had in the past, and may have in the future, transactions with Northern Trust Corporation, Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (NFD) and their respective affiliates. The Trust has been advised by such Trustees and officers that all such transactions have been and are expected to be in the ordinary course of business and the terms of such transactions, including all loans and loan commitments by such persons, have been and are expected to be substantially the same as the prevailing terms for comparable transactions for other customers. As a result of the responsibilities assumed by the Trusts service providers, the Trust itself requires no employees.
Each officer holds comparable positions with Northern Funds and certain officers hold comparable positions with certain other investment companies of which Northern Trust Corporation, or an affiliate thereof, is the investment adviser, custodian, transfer agent and/or administrator.
LEADERSHIP STRUCTURE. The Board of Trustees is currently composed of nine Trustees, eight of whom are not interested persons as defined in the 1940 Act (non-interested Trustee), and one of whom is an interested person as defined in the 1940 Act (interested Trustee). The Chairman of the Board of Trustees, Richard P. Strubel, is a non-interested Trustee. Stephen N. Potter is considered an interested Trustee because he is an officer, director, employee, and a shareholder of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates. Each Trustee was nominated to serve on the Board of Trustees because of his or her experience, skills and qualifications. See Trustee Experience below. The Board of Trustees believes that its leadership structure is consistent with industry practices and is appropriate in light of the size of the Trust and the nature and complexity of its business. In particular:
| |
Board Composition. The Trustees believe that having a super-majority of non-interested Trustees (more than 75%) is appropriate and in the best interest of shareholders. The Trustees also believe that having Mr. Potter serve as an interested Trustee brings management and financial insight that is important to certain of the Board of Trustees decisions and also in the best interest of shareholders. |
| |
Independent Trustee Meetings and Executive Sessions. The Trustees believe that meetings of the non-interested Trustees and meetings in executive session, including with independent counsel, help prevent conflicts of interest from occurring. The Trustees also believe that these sessions allow the non-interested Trustees to deliberate candidly and constructively, separately from management, in a manner that affords honest disagreement and critical questioning. |
RISK OVERSIGHT. Risk oversight is a part of the Board of Trustees general oversight of the Portfolios and is addressed as part of various Board and committee activities. Day-to-day risk management functions are subsumed within the responsibilities of the Investment Adviser and other service providers (depending on the nature of the risk), which carry out the Portfolios investment management and business affairs. The Investment Adviser and other service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various events or circumstances that may give rise to risks, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they occur. Each of the Investment Adviser and other service providers have their own independent interests in risk management, and their policies and methods of risk management will depend on their functions and business models. The Investment Adviser has a dedicated risk management function that is headed by a chief risk officer.
Currently, the Board receives and reviews risk reports on a quarterly basis from the Investment Advisers chief risk officer. These reports cover such risk areas as investments, compliance, operations, valuations, liquidity, credit and other similar risks. The Trustees also are currently receiving risk education from the chief risk officer in order to enhance the effectiveness of their oversight of risk management. The Governance Committee of the Board coordinates the Boards education program with respect to risk management.
The Audit Committee plays an important role in the Board of Trustees risk oversight. Working with the Portfolios independent registered accountants, the Audit Committee ensures that the Portfolios annual audit scope includes risk-based considerations, such that the auditors consider the risks potentially impacting the audit findings as well as risks to the Portfolios financial position and operations.
42
The Board of Trustees also monitors and reviews the Funds performance metrics, and regularly confers with the Investment Adviser on performance-related issues.
The Trusts CCO reports to the Board of Trustees at least quarterly regarding compliance and legal risk issues. In addition to providing quarterly reports, the CCO provides an annual report to the Board of Trustees in accordance with the Portfolios compliance policies and procedures. The CCO regularly discusses relevant compliance and legal risk issues affecting the Portfolios during meetings with the non-interested Trustees and counsel. The CCO updates the Board of Trustees on the application of the Portfolios compliance policies and procedures and discusses how they mitigate risk. The CCO also reports to the Board of Trustees immediately regarding any problems associated with the Portfolios compliance policies and procedures that could expose (or that might have the potential to expose) the Portfolios to risk.
TRUSTEE EXPERIENCE. Each Trustee is required to possess certain qualities such as integrity, intelligence, the ability to critically discuss and analyze issues presented to the Board of Trustees and an understanding of a trustees fiduciary obligations with respect to a registered investment company. In addition to these qualities, the following is a description of certain other Trustee attributes, skills, experiences and qualifications.
William L. Bax : Mr. Bax was Managing Partner of the Chicago office of PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC), an international accounting, auditing and consulting firm, from 1997 to 2003, and a partner in the firm for a total of 26 years. He previously served as a director of Sears Roebuck & Co., a publicly traded retail company, from 2003 to 2005, and Andrew Corporation, a publicly-traded communications product company, from 2006 to 2007. He currently serves as a director for a public operating company board, GATX Corporation. During his 26 years as a partner and 6 years as head of PwCs Chicago office, Mr. Bax gained extensive experience advising public companies regarding accounting, disclosure and strategic issues. Mr. Bax understands the Boards oversight role with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of his public company board experience and service as a non-interested Trustee of the Portfolios and Northern Funds since 2005 and of the Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2006, as well as his current and prior directorships with public operating companies.
Edward J. Condon, Jr. : Mr. Condon was Vice President and Corporate Treasurer of Sears, Roebuck and Co., a multi-national conglomerate, with responsibilities to various operating entities including, but not limited to, Allstate Insurance, Dean Witter Reynolds, Coldwell Banker, as well as the large retail trading company. In this capacity he served as Chairman, Managing Director or Audit Chairman of several rated subsidiaries active in public financial markets. He also served as one of three members of the investment committee of Sears Profit Sharing and Pension Plan. After 27 years he retired in 1993 to form The Paradigm Group, a financial consulting and venture capital investment firm of which he remains CEO. Mr. Condon has been audit chairman of several private companies and is a founding board member of the Illinois Venture Capital Association. He has also served as the administrator and board member of the State of Illinois Technology Fund. He has experience analyzing and evaluating financial statements of issuers as a result of his investment and business experience. Mr. Condon is also familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of his service as a non-interested Trustee of the Portfolios since 1994 as well as his service on Northern Funds Board of Trustees since 2000 and on the Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2006.
Sharon Gist Gilliam : Ms. Gilliam is former principal officer of UCG Associates, Inc., a Chicago-based aviation business consulting firm. She is also the former chief executive officer of the Chicago Housing Authority and was executive vice president of Unison-Maximus, Inc., an aviation governmental consulting firm. As a result of these positions, Ms. Gilliam has business, management and financial experience. She also is familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of her service as a non-interested Trustee of the Portfolios and Northern Funds since 2001 and Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2006.
43
Sandra Polk Guthman : Ms. Guthman has been the chief executive officer of Polk Bros. Foundation, a multi-million dollar private foundation, since 1993. In this capacity, she analyzes investments for the foundation and therefore also has experience supervising and evaluating investment advisers and their performance. In addition, Ms. Guthman has experience in the securities industry generally as a result of her service as a director of MBIA Insurance Corp. of Illinois, a private municipal bond insurance company. Ms. Guthman has also chaired a number of governance and nominating committees of other boards of directors and served previously on the board of directors of a Chicago bank. She also is familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and the other Portfolio service providers as a result of her service as a non-interested Trustee of the Portfolios since 1997, Northern Funds since 2000 and Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2006.
Michael H. Moskow : Mr. Moskow served as president and chief executive officer of the Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago from 1994 to 2007. He also serves as a director on numerous public operating company boards, including Discover Financial Services, Taylor Capital Group and Diamond Management and Technology Consultants, Inc. Mr. Moskow also has served as a member of several public company audit committees. He also serves on many other private operating company and not-for-profit boards of directors. As a result of these positions, Mr. Moskow has experience with financial matters and securities markets. He is also generally familiar with board functions and processes as a result of his many board positions. Mr. Moskow also understands the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of his service as a non-interested Trustee of the Portfolios, Northern Multi-Manager Funds and Northern Funds since 2008.
Mary Jacobs Skinner : Ms. Skinner is a partner in Sidley Austin LLP, a large international law firm, in which she manages a regulatory-based practice. As a result of this position, Ms. Skinner is familiar with legal, regulatory and financial matters. She also is familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other fund service providers as a result of her service as a non-interested Trustee of the Portfolios since 2000 and Northern Funds since 1998.
Richard P. Strubel : Mr. Strubel serves as trustee of the Goldman Sachs Funds, a family of mutual funds managed by Goldman Sachs Asset Management, a division of Goldman Sachs & Co. He also serves on the board of Gildan Activewear Inc., which is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Mr. Strubel was Vice-Chairman of the Board of Cardean Learning Group (formerly known as Unext), and previously served as Unexts President and Chief Operating Officer. Mr. Strubel was Managing Director of Tandem Partners, Inc., a privately-held management services firm, and served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Microdot, Inc. Previously, Mr. Strubel served as President of Northwest Industries, then a NYSE-listed company, a conglomerate with various operating entities located around the country. Mr. Strubel is also a Trustee of the University of Chicago and Chairman of its Audit Committee. Mr. Strubel has also served as a non-interested Trustee of the Portfolios since 1982, as well as Northern Funds since 2000 and Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2006. As a result of these various positions, Mr. Strubel understands how investment companies operate and the oversight role of a fund board with respect to the Investment Adviser and other fund service providers.
Casey J. Sylla : Mr. Sylla is a former chief investment officer and chief financial officer for The Allstate Corporation. He also served as chairman of the investment committee of a registered investment adviser, Legal and General Investment Management-America. As a result of these positions, Mr. Sylla is familiar with financial, investment and business matters. He also understands the functions of a board through his current service as a member of a board of a public operating company, GATX Corporation. In addition, he is familiar with the functions of the Board and its oversight responsibilities with respect to the Investment Adviser and other Portfolio service providers as a result of his service as a non-interested Trustee of the Portfolios, Northern Funds and Northern Multi-Manager Funds since 2008.
Stephen N. Potter : Mr. Potter has held various executive positions with Northern Trust since 1982, including his present position as president of the Investment Adviser. As a result of these positions, Mr. Potter has
44
financial, business, management and investment experience. Although he is an interested person under the 1940 Act, the independent Trustees believe that Mr. Potter provides an important business perspective with respect to the Investment Adviser and the Portfolios other service providers that is critical to their decision-making process. Mr. Potter also understands the functions of the Board as a result of his service on the Boards of the Portfolios and Northern Funds since 2008.
STANDING BOARD COMMITTEES. The Board of Trustees has established three standing committees in connection with its governance of the Portfolios: Audit, Governance and Valuation.
The Audit Committee consists of three members: Messrs. Bax (Chairperson), Condon and Strubel (ex officio). The Audit Committee oversees the audit process and provides assistance to the full Board of Trustees with respect to fund accounting, tax compliance and financial statement matters. In performing its responsibilities, the Audit Committee selects and recommends annually to the entire Board of Trustees an independent registered public accounting firm to audit the books and records of the Trust for the ensuing year, and reviews with the firm the scope and results of each audit. The Audit Committee also is designated as the Qualified Legal Compliance Committee. The Audit Committee convenes at least four times each year to meet with the independent registered public accounting firm to review the scope and results of the audit and to discuss other non-audit matters as requested by the Boards Chairperson, the Committee Chairperson or the independent registered public accounting firm. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Audit Committee convened five times.
The Governance Committee consists of four members: Mses. Guthman (Chairperson) and Gilliam and Messrs. Moskow and Strubel (ex officio). The functions performed by the Governance Committee include, among other things, selecting and nominating candidates to serve as non-interested Trustees, reviewing and making recommendations regarding Trustee compensation, developing policies regarding Trustee education and, subject to Board oversight, supervising the Trusts CCO and reviewing information and making recommendations to the Board in connection with the Boards annual consideration of the Trusts custodian, foreign custody, transfer agency and administration agreements. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Governance Committee convened four times. As stated above, each Trustee holds office for an indefinite term until the occurrence of certain events. In filling Board vacancies, the Governance Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders. Nominee recommendations should be submitted to the Trust at its mailing address stated in the Portfolios Prospectus and should be directed to the attention of Northern Institutional Funds Governance Committee.
The Valuation Committee consists of five members: Messrs. Sylla (Chairperson), Condon, Potter and Strubel (ex officio) and Ms. Skinner. The Valuation Committee is authorized to act for the Board in connection with the valuation of portfolio securities of the Trusts non-money market Portfolios in accordance with the Trusts valuation procedures. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Valuation Committee convened four times.
TRUSTEE OWNERSHIP OF PORTFOLIO SHARES. Shares of the Portfolios are offered to institutional investors acting on their own behalf or on behalf of their customers and other beneficial owners (Customers). For this reason, the Trustees may not make direct investments in the Portfolios. The following table shows the dollar range of shares owned by each Trustee in the Portfolios and other Portfolios of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds.
|
Information as of December 31, 2009 |
||||
|
Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in each Portfolio |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies* |
||
|
William L. Bax |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
|
Edward J. Condon, Jr. |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
|
Sharon Gist Gilliam |
None | $50,001 $100,000 | ||
45
|
Information as of December 31, 2009 |
||||
|
Name of Trustee |
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in each Portfolio |
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Trustee in Family of Investment Companies* |
||
|
Sandra Polk Guthman |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
|
Michael H. Moskow |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
|
Stephen N. Potter |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
|
Mary Jacobs Skinner |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
|
Richard P. Strubel |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
|
Casey J. Sylla |
None | Over $100,000 | ||
| * | The Northern Funds Complex consists of Northern Institutional Funds and Northern Funds. As of December 31, 2009, Northern Institutional Funds offered 23 portfolios and Northern Funds offered 44 portfolios. |
TRUSTEE AND OFFICER COMPENSATION. The Trust pays each Trustee who is not an officer, director or employee of Northern Trust Corporation or its subsidiaries annual fees for his or her services as a Trustee of the Trust and as a member of the respective Board committees. In recognition of their services, the fees paid to the Board and Committee chairpersons are larger than the fees paid to other members of the Trusts Board and Committees. The Trustees also are reimbursed for travel expenses incurred in connection with attending such meetings. The Trust also may pay the incidental costs of a Trustee to attend training or other types of conferences relating to the investment company industry.
The following tables set forth certain information with respect to the compensation of each non-interested and interested Trustee of the
Non-Interested Trustees
|
Large Cap
Equity Portfolio |
Large Cap
Growth Portfolio |
Total
Compensation from Fund Complex (including the Portfolios) (1) |
||||||||
|
William L. Bax |
$ | 875 | $ | 875 | $ | 175,000 | ||||
|
Edward J. Condon, Jr. |
875 | 875 | 175,000 | |||||||
|
Sharon Gist Gilliam |
750 | 750 | 150,000 | |||||||
|
Sandra Polk Guthman |
875 | 875 | 175,000 | |||||||
|
Michael H. Moskow |
750 | 750 | 150,000 | (2) | ||||||
|
Mary Jacobs Skinner |
750 | 750 | 150,000 | (3) | ||||||
|
Richard P. Strubel |
1,050 | 1,050 | 210,000 | |||||||
|
Casey J. Sylla |
875 | 875 | 175,000 | |||||||
Interested Trustee
|
Large Cap
Equity Portfolio |
Large Cap
Growth Portfolio |
Total
Compensation from Fund Complex (including the Portfolios) (1) |
||||
|
Stephen N. Potter (4) |
None | None | None |
| (1) |
As of December 31, 2009, the Northern Funds Complex consisted of Northern Institutional Funds (23 portfolios) and Northern Funds (44 portfolios). |
| (2) |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, Mr. Moskow earned $330.98 in accrued interest from previous years deferred compensation. |
| (3) |
For the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, Ms. Skinner elected to defer $75,000 of $150,000 total compensation; Ms. Skinner earned $886.62 in accrued interest from previous years deferred compensation. |
| (4) |
As an interested Trustee, who is an officer, director and employee of Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates, Mr. Potter does not receive any compensation from the Trust for his services. |
46
The Trust does not provide pension or retirement benefits to its Trustees.
Each Trustee is entitled to participate in the Northern Institutional Funds Deferred Compensation Plan (the D.C. Plan). Under the D.C. Plan, a Trustee may elect to have his or her deferred fees treated as if they had been invested by the Trust in the shares of the Global Tactical Asset Allocation Portfolio, Diversified Assets Portfolio and/or at the discretion of the Trust, another money market fund selected by the Trust that complies with the provisions of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act or one or more short-term fixed-income instruments selected by the Trust that are eligible securities as defined by that rule. The amount paid to the Trustees under the D.C. Plan will be determined based upon the performance of such investments. Deferral of Trustees fees will not obligate the Trust to retain the service of any Trustee or obligate a Portfolio to any level of compensation to the Trustee. The Trust may invest in underlying securities without shareholder approval.
The Trusts officers do not receive fees from the Trust for services in such capacities. Northern Trust Corporation and/or its affiliates, of which Mses. Chappell, Hill and Palmersheim and Messrs. Carberry, Crabill, Meacham, Pryszcz, Rein, Schweitzer and Wennlund are officers, receive fees from the Trust as Investment Adviser, Administrator, Custodian and Transfer Agent.
The Trust, its Investment Adviser and principal underwriter have adopted codes of ethics (the Codes of Ethics) under Rule 17j-1 of the 1940 Act. The Codes of Ethics permit personnel, subject to the Codes of Ethics and their provisions, to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Trust.
INVESTMENT ADVISER, TRANSFER AGENT AND CUSTODIAN
NTI, a subsidiary of The Northern Trust Company (TNTC), an Illinois state chartered bank, serves as the Investment Adviser to the Portfolios. TNTC is the principal subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, a company that is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. NTI and TNTC are located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603. Unless otherwise indicated, NTI and TNTC are referred to collectively in this SAI as Northern Trust.
NTI is a national banking association and an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act). It primarily manages assets for institutional and individual separately managed accounts, investment companies and bank common and collective funds.
TNTC is an Illinois state chartered banking organization and a member of the Federal Reserve System. Since 1889, TNTC has administered and managed assets for individuals, institutions and corporations.
As of June 30, 2010, Northern Trust Corporation, through its affiliates, had assets under custody of $[ ] trillion, and assets under investment management of $[ ] billion.
Investment Advisory Agreements
Under the Trusts Investment Advisory Agreements with the Investment Adviser for the Portfolios (the Advisory Agreement), the Investment Adviser, subject to the general supervision of the Trusts Board of Trustees, makes decisions with respect to and places orders for all purchases and sales of portfolio securities for each Portfolio.
The Investment Adviser also is responsible for monitoring and preserving the records required to be maintained under the regulations of the SEC (with certain exceptions unrelated to its activities for Northern Institutional Funds). In making investment recommendations for the Portfolios, investment advisory personnel
47
may not inquire or take into consideration whether issuers of securities proposed for purchase or sale for the Portfolios accounts are customers of TNTCs commercial banking department. These requirements are designed to prevent investment advisory personnel for the Portfolios from knowing which companies have commercial business with TNTC and from purchasing securities where they know the proceeds will be used to repay loans to the bank.
The Advisory Agreements have been approved by the Board of Trustees, including the non-interested Trustees, and the initial shareholder of the Trust.
The Advisory Agreements provide that generally in selecting brokers or dealers to place orders for transactions on (i) common and preferred stocks, the Investment Adviser shall use its best judgment to obtain the best overall terms available; and (ii) on bonds and other fixed-income obligations, the Investment Adviser shall attempt to obtain best net price and execution or, use its best judgment to obtain the best overall terms available.
Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions. On exchanges on which commissions are negotiated, the cost of transactions may vary among different brokers. In assessing the best overall terms available for any transaction, the Investment Adviser is to consider all factors it deems relevant, including the breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer, and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, both for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In evaluating the best overall terms available and in selecting the broker or dealer to execute a particular transaction, the Investment Adviser may consider the brokerage and research services provided to the Portfolios and/or other accounts over which the Investment Adviser or an affiliate exercises investment discretion. A broker or dealer providing brokerage and/or research services may receive a higher commission than another broker or dealer would receive for the same transaction. These brokerage and research services may include, but are not limited to, furnishing of advice, either directly or through publications or writings, as to the value of securities, the advisability of investing in securities and the availability of securities or purchasers or sellers of securities. The Investment Adviser also may obtain economic statistics, forecasting services, industry and company analyses, portfolio strategies, quantitative data, quotation services, order management systems for certain purposes, certain news services, credit rating services, testing services, execution services, market information systems, consulting services from economists and political analysts and computer software or on-line data feeds. These services and products may disproportionately benefit other accounts over which the Investment Adviser or its affiliates exercise investment discretion. For example, research or other services paid for through the Portfolios commissions may not be used in managing the Portfolios. In addition, other accounts may receive the benefit, including disproportionate benefits, of economies of scale or price discounts in connection with products or services that may be provided to the Portfolios and to such other accounts. To the extent that the Investment Adviser uses soft dollars, it will not have to pay for those products or services itself. The Investment Adviser may receive research that is bundled with the trade execution, clearing, and/or settlement services provided by a particular broker-dealer. In that event, the research will effectively be paid for by client commissions that will also be used to pay for execution, clearing and settlement services provided by the broker-dealer and will not be paid by the Investment Adviser.
The Investment Adviser and its affiliates also receive products and services that provide both research and non-research benefits to them (mixed-use items). The research portion of mixed-use items may be paid for with soft dollars. When paying for the research portion of mixed-use items with soft dollars, the Investment Adviser must make a good faith allocation between the cost of the research portion and the cost of the non-research portion of the mixed-use items. The Investment Adviser will pay for the non-research portion of the mixed-use items with hard dollars.
Supplemental research information so received is in addition to, and not in lieu of, services required to be performed by the Investment Adviser and does not reduce the advisory fees payable to the Investment Adviser by the Portfolios. The Trustees will periodically review the commissions paid by the Portfolios to consider whether the commissions paid over representative periods of time appear to be reasonable in relation to the benefits
48
inuring to the Portfolios. It is possible that certain of the supplemental research or other services received will primarily benefit one or more other investment companies or other accounts. Conversely, a Portfolio may be the primary beneficiary of the research or services received as a result of portfolio transactions effected for such other account or investment company.
The Portfolios may participate, if and when practicable, in bidding for the purchase of portfolio securities directly from an issuer in order to take advantage of the lower purchase price available to members of a bidding group. The Portfolios will engage in this practice, however, only when the Investment Adviser believes such practice to be in the Portfolios interests.
On occasions when the Investment Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interests of a Portfolio as well as other fiduciary or agency accounts of the Investment Adviser, the Advisory Agreements provide that the Investment Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for such Portfolio with those to be sold or purchased for such other accounts in order to obtain the best net price and execution. In such an event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Investment Adviser in the manner it considers to be most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Portfolio and other accounts involved. In some instances, this procedure may adversely affect the size of the position obtainable for a Portfolio or the amount of the securities that are able to be sold for a Portfolio. To the extent that the execution and price available from more than one broker or dealer are believed to be comparable, the Advisory Agreements permit the Investment Adviser, at its discretion, but subject to applicable law, to select the executing broker or dealer on the basis of the Investment Advisers opinion of the reliability and quality of the broker or dealer.
The Advisory Agreements provide that the Investment Adviser may render similar services to others so long as its services under the Advisory Agreement are not impaired thereby. The Advisory Agreements also provide that the Trust will indemnify the Investment Adviser against certain liabilities (including liabilities under the federal securities laws relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact and actions that are in accordance with the terms of the Advisory Agreements) or, in lieu thereof, contribute to resulting losses.
As compensation for advisory services and the assumption of related expenses, the Investment Adviser is entitled to an advisory fee, computed daily and payable monthly, at annual rates set forth in the table below (expressed as a percentage of each Portfolios respective average daily net assets). The table also reflects the advisory fees (after fee waivers) paid by the Portfolios for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009 (expressed as a percentage of each Portfolios respective average daily net assets).
The difference, if any, between the contractual advisory fees and the advisory fees paid by the Portfolios, reflects the fact that the Investment Adviser did not charge the full amount of the advisory fees to which it was entitled. The Investment Adviser voluntarily waived a portion of the advisory fees charged to certain Portfolios, as shown in the table below.
| CONTRACTUAL RATE |
ADVISORY FEE
PAID For Fiscal Year Ended 11/30/09 |
|||||||||||
|
For Fiscal Year
Ended 11/30/09 |
For Fiscal Year
Ended 11/30/08 |
For Fiscal Year
Ended 11/30/07 |
||||||||||
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
0.75 | % | 0.75 | % | 0.75 | % | 0.65 | % | ||||
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
0.85 | % | 0.85 | % | 0.85 | % | 0.75 | % | ||||
Starting April 1, 2010, the Investment Adviser has contractually agreed to waive a portion of the advisory fees charged to the Portfolios in the same amount that it had previously voluntarily waived, as reflected in the tables that appear under Fees and Expenses of the Portfolio in the Summary Prospectuses. The contractual waiver arrangements are expected to continue until at least April 1, 2011. After this date, the Investment Adviser or a Portfolio may terminate the contractual arrangements. The Board of Trustees may terminate the contractual arrangements at any time if it determines that it is in the best interest of a Portfolio or its shareholders.
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For the fiscal years indicated below, the amount of advisory fees incurred by each of the Portfolios (after fee waivers, if any) was as follows:
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2009 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2008 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007 |
|||||||
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$ | 144,592 | $ | 338,909 | $ | 338,675 | |||
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
392,386 | 603,776 | 697,922 | ||||||
For the fiscal years ended November 30 as indicated, the Investment Adviser voluntarily waived advisory fees as reflected:
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2009 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2008 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007 |
|||||||
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$ | 22,245 | $ | 52,126 | $ | 52,104 | |||
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
52,319 | 80,481 | 93,056 | ||||||
Transfer Agency Agreement
For the Portfolios under its Transfer Agency Agreement with the Trust, with respect to shares held by Institutions, TNTC as Transfer Agent has undertaken to perform some or all of the following services: (i) establish and maintain an omnibus account in the name of each Institution; (ii) process purchase orders and redemption requests from an Institution, and furnish confirmations and disburse redemption proceeds; (iii) act as the income disbursing agent of the Trust; (iv) answer inquiries from Institutions; (v) provide periodic statements of account to each Institution; (vi) process and record the issuance and redemption of shares in accordance with instructions from the Trust or its Administrator; (vii) if required by law, prepare and forward to Institutions shareholder communications (such as proxy statements and proxies, annual and semiannual financial statements, and dividend, distribution and tax notices); (viii) preserve records; and (ix) furnish necessary office space, facilities and personnel. Under the Transfer Agency Agreement, with respect to shares held by investors, the Transfer Agent has also undertaken to perform some or all of the following services: (i) establish and maintain separate accounts in the name of each investor; (ii) process purchase orders and redemption requests, and furnish confirmations in accordance with applicable law; (iii) disburse redemption proceeds; (iv) process and record the issuance and redemption of shares in accordance with instructions from the Trust or its Administrator; (v) act as income disbursing agent of the Trust in accordance with the terms of the Prospectus and instructions from the Trust or its Administrator; (vi) provide periodic statements of account; (vii) answer inquiries (including requests for prospectuses and statements of additional information, and assistance in the completion of new account applications) from investors and respond to all requests for information regarding the Trust (such as current price, recent performance, and yield data) and questions relating to accounts of investors (such as possible errors in statements, and transactions); (viii) respond to and seek to resolve all complaints of investors with respect to the Trust or their accounts; (ix) furnish proxy statements and proxies, annual and semiannual financial statements, and dividend, distribution and tax notices to investors; (x) furnish the Trust with all pertinent Blue Sky information; (xi) perform all required tax withholding; (xii) preserve records; and (xiii) furnish necessary office space, facilities and personnel. The Transfer Agent may appoint one or more sub-transfer agents in the performance of its services.
As compensation for the services rendered by the Transfer Agent under the Transfer Agency Agreement and the assumption by the Transfer Agent of related expenses, TNTC is entitled to a fee from the Trust, payable monthly, at an annual rate of 0.01%, 0.10% and 0.15% of the average daily NAV of the Class A, C and D Shares, respectively, of the Portfolios.
50
For the fiscal years indicated below, the amount of transfer agency fees paid by each of the Portfolios was as follows:
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2009 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2008 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007 |
|||||||
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$ | 2,465 | $ | 5,714 | $ | 5,859 | |||
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
5,402 | 8,304 | 9,594 | ||||||
Custodian and Foreign Custody Agreements
Under its Custodian Agreement with the Trust, TNTC (the Custodian) (i) holds each Portfolios cash and securities, (ii) maintains such cash and securities in separate accounts in the name of the Portfolio, (iii) makes receipts and disbursements of funds on behalf of the Portfolio, (iv) receives, delivers and releases securities on behalf of the Portfolio, (v) collects and receives all income, principal and other payments in respect of the Portfolios investments held by the Custodian, and (vi) maintains the accounting records of the Trust. The Custodian may employ one or more subcustodians, provided that the Custodian, subject to certain monitoring responsibilities, shall have no more responsibility or liability to the Trust on account of any action or omission of any subcustodian so employed than such subcustodian has to the Custodian and that the responsibility or liability of the subcustodian to the Custodian shall conform to the resolution of the Trustees of the Trust authorizing the appointment of the particular subcustodian (or, in the case of foreign securities, to the terms of any agreement entered into between the Custodian and such subcustodian to which such resolution relates). In addition, the Trusts custodial arrangements provide, with respect to foreign securities, that the Custodian shall not be: (i) responsible for the solvency of any subcustodian appointed by it with reasonable care; (ii) responsible for any act, omission, default or for the solvency of any eligible foreign securities depository; and (iii) liable for any loss, damage, cost, expense, liability or claim resulting from nationalization, expropriation, currency restrictions, or acts of war or terrorism or any loss where the subcustodian has otherwise exercised reasonable care. The Custodian also may appoint agents to carry out such of the provisions of the Custodian Agreement as the Custodian may from time to time direct, provided that the appointment of an agent shall not relieve the Custodian of any of its responsibilities under either Agreement. The Custodian has entered into agreements with financial institutions and depositories located in foreign countries with respect to the custody of the Portfolios foreign securities.
As compensation for the services rendered with respect to the Trust by the Custodian to each Portfolio, and the assumption by the Custodian of certain related expenses, the Custodian is entitled to payment from the Trust as follows: (i) $18,000 annually for each Portfolio, plus (ii) 1/100th of 1% annually of each Portfolios average daily net assets to the extent they exceed $100 million, plus (iii) a fixed dollar fee for each trade in portfolio securities, plus (iv) a fixed dollar fee for each time that the Custodian receives or transmits funds via wire, plus (v) reimbursement of expenses incurred by the Custodian for telephone, postage, courier fees, office supplies and duplicating. The fees referred to in clauses (iii) and (iv) are subject to annual upward adjustments based on increases in the Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, provided that the Custodian may permanently or temporarily waive all or any portion of any upward adjustment.
The Custodians fees under the Custodian Agreement are subject to reduction based on the Portfolios daily-uninvested U.S. cash balances (if any).
For the fiscal years indicated below, the amount of custodian fees paid by each of the Portfolios was as follows:
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2009 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2008 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007 |
|||||||
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$ | 55,454 | $ | 58,703 | $ | 33,297 | |||
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
41,025 | 48,866 | 34,672 | ||||||
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Unless sooner terminated, the Advisory Agreements, Transfer Agency Agreement and Custodian Agreement will continue in effect with respect to each Portfolio until June 30, 2011. Thereafter, each of the foregoing Agreements will continue in effect for successive 12-month periods, provided that the continuance is approved at least annually (i) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the applicable Agreement or interested persons (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, and (ii) by the Trustees or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of such Portfolio (as defined under Description of Shares). Each Agreement is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trust (by specified Trustee or shareholder action) or by the Investment Adviser, Custodian or Transfer Agent, as the case may be, on 60 days written notice.
Northern Trust Corporation and its affiliates may act as an underwriter of various securities. Under the 1940 Act, the Portfolios are precluded, subject to certain exceptions, from purchasing in the primary market those securities with respect to which Northern Trust Corporation or an affiliate is serving as a principal underwriter. In the opinion of Northern Trust Corporation or an affiliate, this limitation will not significantly affect the ability of the Portfolios to pursue their respective investment objectives.
In the Advisory Agreement, the Investment Adviser agrees that the name Northern may be used in connection with the
Trusts business on a royalty-free basis. TNTC has reserved to itself the right to grant the non-exclusive right to use the name Northern to any other person. The Advisory Agreement provides that at such time as the Advisory
The amount of brokerage commissions paid by a Portfolio may vary substantially from year to year because of differences in shareholder purchase and redemption activity, portfolio turnover rates and other factors. For the fiscal years indicated, the amount of commissions paid by each Portfolio was as follows:
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2009 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2008 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007 |
|||||||
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$ | 75,948 | $ | 102,330 | $ | 93,259 | |||
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
$ | 148,358 | $ | 258,052 | $ | 207,050 | |||
Transactions on U.S. stock exchanges, and increasingly equity securities traded over-the-counter, involve the payment of negotiated brokerage commissions, and the cost of transactions may vary among different brokers. Over-the-counter transactions in equity securities also may involve the payment of negotiated commissions to brokers. Transactions on foreign stock exchanges involve payment for brokerage commissions, which generally are fixed by applicable regulatory bodies. Many over-the-counter issues, including corporate debt and government securities, are often traded on a net basis (i.e., without commission) through dealers, or otherwise involve transactions directly with the issuer of an instrument. With respect to over-the-counter transactions, the Investment Adviser will normally deal directly with dealers who make a market in the instruments involved except in those circumstances where more favorable prices and execution are available elsewhere. The cost of foreign and domestic securities purchased from underwriters includes an underwriting commission or concession, and the prices at which securities are purchased from and sold to dealers include a dealers mark-up or mark-down.
During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Trust directed brokerage transactions to brokers because of research services provided. The amounts of such transactions and related commissions are as follows:
|
Amount of
Research Commission Transactions (if applicable) |
Amount of
Research Commissions |
|||||
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$ | 6,057,804 | $ | 11,895 | ||
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
$ | 59,976,299 | $ | 66,880 | ||
52
To the extent that a Portfolio effects brokerage transactions with any broker/dealer affiliated directly or indirectly with the Investment Adviser, such transactions, including the frequency thereof, the receipt of any commissions payable in connection therewith, and the selection of the affiliated broker/dealer effecting such transactions, will be fair and reasonable to the shareholders of the Portfolio. No commissions were paid by the Portfolios to any such affiliated broker/dealer during the Trusts three most recent fiscal years.
The Trust is required to identify any securities of its regular brokers or dealers or their parents which the Trust acquired during its most recent fiscal year.
During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Large Cap Equity Portfolio acquired and sold securities of the following regular broker/dealers and owned the following amounts of securities of such regular broker/dealers, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, or their parent companies:
During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the Large Cap Growth Portfolio acquired and sold securities of the following regular broker/dealers and owned the following amounts of securities of such regular broker/dealers, as defined in Rule 10b-1 under the 1940 Act, or their parent companies:
|
Portfolio |
Portfolio Manager(s) |
|
| NIF Large Cap Equity Portfolio | George P. Maris | |
| NIF Large Cap Growth Portfolio | Joseph R. Diehl, Jr. and Greg M. Newman |
Accounts Managed by the Portfolio Managers
The following tables describe certain information with respect to accounts for which the portfolio managers have day-to-day responsibility, including all Northern Institutional Funds Portfolios managed by the portfolio manager.
53
The table below discloses the accounts within each type of category listed below for which Joseph R. Diehl was jointly and primarily responsible for day-to-day portfolio management as of November 30, 2009.
|
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(in Millions) |
# of Accounts
Managed that Advisory Fee is Based on Performance |
Total Assets that
Advisory Fee is Based on Performance |
||||||
|
Northern Institutional Funds: |
1 | $ | 59,513 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Northern Funds: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Other Registered Investment Companies: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Other Accounts: |
362 | $ | 752,000 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
The table below discloses the accounts within each type of category listed below for which George P. Maris was jointly and primarily responsible for day-to-day portfolio management as of November 30, 2009.
|
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(in Millions) |
# of Accounts
Managed that Advisory Fee is Based on Performance |
Total Assets that
Advisory Fee is Based on Performance |
||||||
|
Northern Institutional Funds: |
2 | $ | 190,325 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Northern Funds: |
1 | $ | 160,872 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Other Registered Investment Companies: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Other Accounts: |
89 | $ | 257,000 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
The table below discloses the accounts within each type of category listed below for which Greg M. Newman was jointly and primarily responsible for day-to-day portfolio management as of November 30, 2009.
|
Type of Accounts |
Total
# of Accounts Managed |
Total Assets
(in Millions) |
# of Accounts
Managed that Advisory Fee is Based on Performance |
Total Assets that
Advisory Fee is Based on Performance |
||||||
|
Northern Institutional Funds: |
1 | $ | 59,513 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Northern Funds: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Other Registered Investment Companies: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles: |
0 | $ | 0 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
|
Other Accounts: |
362 | $ | 752,000 | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Material Conflicts of Interest
The Investment Advisers portfolio managers are often responsible for managing one or more Northern Institutional Fund Portfolios, as well as other accounts, including separate accounts and other pooled investment vehicles. A Portfolios manager may manage a separate account or other pooled investment vehicle that may have a materially higher or lower fee arrangement with the Investment Adviser than the Portfolios. The side-by-side management of these accounts may raise potential conflicts of interest relating to cross trading, the allocation of investment opportunities and the aggregation and allocation of trades. In addition, while portfolio managers generally only manage accounts with similar investment strategies, it is possible, due to varying investment restrictions among accounts and for other reasons, that certain investments could be made for some accounts and not others or conflicting investment positions could be taken among accounts. The Investment Adviser has a fiduciary responsibility to manage all client accounts in a fair and equitable manner. It seeks to provide best execution of all securities transactions and aggregate and then allocate securities to client accounts in a fair and timely manner. To this end, the Investment Adviser has developed policies and procedures designed
54
to mitigate and manage the potential conflicts of interest that may arise from side-by-side management. In addition, the Investment Adviser and the Trust have adopted policies limiting the circumstances under which cross-trades may be effected between the Portfolios and another client account. The Investment Adviser conducts periodic reviews of trades for consistency with these policies.
The Investment Adviser will give advice to and make investment decisions for the Trust as it believes is in the fiduciary interest of the Trust. Advice given to the Trust or investment decisions made for the Trust may differ from, and may conflict with, advice given or investment decisions made for the Investment Adviser or its affiliates, or other portfolios or accounts managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates. For example, other portfolios or accounts managed by the Investment Adviser may sell short securities of an issuer in which the Trust has taken, or will take, a long position in the same securities. The subsequent purchase may result in an increase of the price of the underlying position in the short sale exposure of the Trust and such increase in price would be to the Trusts detriment. Conflicts may also arise because portfolio decisions regarding the Trust may benefit the Investment Adviser or its affiliates or another account or portfolio managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates. For example, the sale of a long position or establishment of a short position by the Trust may impair the price of the same security sold short by (and therefore benefit) another account or portfolio managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates, and the purchase of a security or covering a short position in a security by the Trust may increase the price of the same security held by (and therefore benefit) another account or portfolio managed by the Investment Adviser or its affiliates. Actions taken with respect to the Investment Adviser and its affiliates other portfolios or accounts managed by them may adversely impact the Portfolios, and actions taken by the Portfolios may benefit the Investment Adviser or its affiliates or its other portfolios or accounts.
To the extent permitted by applicable law, the Investment Adviser may make payments to authorized dealers and other financial intermediaries (Intermediaries) from time to time to promote the Portfolios. These payments may be made out of the Investment Advisers assets, or amounts payable to the Investment Adviser rather than as a separately identifiable charge to the Portfolios. These payments may compensate Intermediaries for, among other things: marketing the Portfolios; access to the Intermediaries registered representatives or salespersons, including at conferences and other meetings; assistance in training and education of personnel; marketing support; and/or other specified services intended to assist in the distribution and marketing of the Portfolios. The payments may also, to the extent permitted by applicable regulations, contribute to various non-cash and cash incentive arrangements to promote certain products, as well as sponsor various educational programs, sales contests and/or for subaccounting, administrative and/or shareholder processing services that are in addition to the fees paid for these services for such products.
Portfolio Manager Compensation Structure
As of November 30, 2009, the compensation for the portfolio managers of the Portfolios is based on the competitive marketplace and consists of a fixed base salary plus a variable annual cash incentive award. In addition, non-cash incentives, such as stock options or restricted stock of Northern Trust Corporation, may be awarded from time to time. The annual incentive award is discretionary and is based on a quantitative and qualitative evaluation of each portfolio managers investment performance and contribution to his or her respective product team plus the financial performance of the investment business unit and Northern Trust Corporation as a whole. The annual incentive award for portfolio managers of the Portfolios is based primarily on the investment performance of the Portfolios. Performance is measured against each Portfolios Prospectus benchmark(s) and in some cases its Lipper peer group for the prior one-year and three-year periods on a pre-tax basis. The annual incentive award is not based on the amount of assets held in the Portfolios. Moreover, no material differences exist between the compensation structure for mutual fund accounts and other types of accounts.
55
Disclosure of Securities Ownership
For the most recently completed fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, the table below provides beneficial ownership of shares of the portfolio managers of the Portfolios. Please note that the table provides a dollar range of each portfolio managers holdings in each Portfolio ($1-$10,000, $10,001-$50,000, $50,001-$100,000, $100,001-$500,000, $500,001-$1,000,000, or over $1,000,000).
|
Shares Beneficially Owned by |
Dollar ($) Range of Shares
Beneficially Owned by Portfolio Manager Because of Direct or Indirect Pecuniary Interest |
||||
|
Joseph R. Diehl, Jr. |
Large Cap Growth Portfolio | $ | 0 | ||
|
George P. Maris |
Large Cap Equity Portfolio | $ | 0 | ||
|
Greg M. Newman |
Large Cap Growth Portfolio | $ | 0 | ||
Northern Institutional Funds has delegated the voting of portfolio securities to the Investment Adviser. The Investment Adviser has adopted Northerns proxy voting policies and procedures (the Northern Proxy Voting Policy) for the voting of proxies on behalf of client accounts for which the Investment Adviser has voting discretion, including the Portfolios. Under the Northern Proxy Voting Policy, shares are to be voted in the best interests of the Portfolios.
A Proxy Committee comprised of senior investment and compliance officers of the Investment Adviser has adopted certain guidelines (the Proxy Guidelines) concerning various corporate governance issues. The Proxy Committee has the responsibility for the content, interpretation and application of the Proxy Guidelines and may apply these Proxy Guidelines with a measure of flexibility. The Investment Adviser has retained an independent third party (the Service Firm) to review proxy proposals and to make voting recommendations to the Proxy Committee in a manner consistent with the Proxy Guidelines. The Proxy Committee will apply the Proxy Guidelines as discussed below to any such recommendation.
The Proxy Guidelines provide that the Investment Adviser will generally vote for or against various proxy proposals, usually based upon certain specified criteria. As an example, the Proxy Guidelines provide that the Investment Adviser will generally vote in favor of proposals to:
| |
Repeal existing classified boards and elect directors on an annual basis; |
| |
Adopt a written majority voting or withhold policy (in situations in which a company has not previously adopted such a policy); |
| |
Lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for charter and bylaw amendments; |
| |
Lower supermajority shareholder vote requirements for mergers and other business combinations; |
| |
Increase common share authorizations for a stock split; |
| |
Implement a reverse stock split; and |
| |
Approve an ESOP (employee stock ownership plan) or other broad based employee stock purchase or ownership plan, or increase authorized shares for existing plans. |
The Proxy Guidelines also provide that the Investment Adviser will generally vote against proposals to:
| |
Classify the board of directors; |
| |
Require that poison pill plans be submitted for shareholder ratification; |
56
| |
Adopt dual class exchange offers or dual class recapitalizations; |
| |
Require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve mergers and other significant business combinations; |
| |
Require a supermajority shareholder vote to approve charter and bylaw amendments; and |
| |
Adopt certain social and environmental proposals deemed unwarranted by the companys board of directors. |
In certain circumstances, the Proxy Guidelines provide that proxy proposals will be addressed on a case-by-case basis, including those regarding executive and director compensation plans, mergers and acquisitions, ratification of poison pill plans, a change in the companys state of incorporation and an increase in authorized common stock.
Except as otherwise provided in the Northern Proxy Voting Policy, the Proxy Committee may vote proxies contrary to the recommendations of the Service Firm if it determines that such action is in the best interest of a Portfolio. In exercising its discretion, the Proxy Committee may take into account a wide array of factors relating to the matter under consideration, the nature of the proposal and the company involved. As a result, the Proxy Committee may vote in one manner in the case of one company and in a different manner in the case of another where, for example, the past history of the company, the character and integrity of its management, the role of outside directors, and the companys record of producing performance for investors justifies a high degree of confidence in the company and the effect of the proposal on the value of the investment. Similarly, poor past performance, uncertainties about management and future directions, and other factors may lead the Proxy Committee to conclude that particular proposals present unacceptable investment risks and should not be supported. In addition, the Proxy Committee also evaluates proposals in context. For example, a particular proposal may be acceptable standing alone, but objectionable when part of an existing or proposed package. Special circumstances may also justify casting different votes for different clients with respect to the same proxy vote.
The Investment Adviser may occasionally be subject to conflicts of interest in the voting of proxies due to business or personal relationships it maintains with persons having an interest in the outcome of certain votes. For example, the Investment Adviser may provide trust, custody, investment management, brokerage, underwriting, banking and related services to accounts owned or controlled by companies whose management is soliciting proxies. Occasionally, the Investment Adviser may also have business or personal relationships with other proponents of proxy proposals, participants in proxy contests, corporate directors or candidates for directorships. The Investment Adviser may also be required to vote proxies on securities issued by Northern Trust Corporation or its affiliates or on matters in which the Investment Adviser has a direct financial interest, such as shareholder approval of a change in the advisory fees paid by a Portfolio. The Investment Adviser seeks to address such conflicts of interest through various measures, including the establishment, composition and authority of the Proxy Committee and the retention of the Service Firm to perform proxy review and vote recommendation functions. The Proxy Committee has the responsibility to determine whether a proxy vote involves a conflict of interest and how the conflict should be addressed in conformance with the Northern Proxy Voting Policy. The Proxy Committee may resolve such conflicts in any of a variety of ways, including without limitation the following: (i) voting in accordance with the Proxy Guidelines based recommendation of the Service Firm; (ii) voting in accordance with the recommendation of an independent fiduciary appointed for that purpose; (iii) voting pursuant to client direction by seeking instructions from the Board of Trustees of the Trust; or by (iv) voting pursuant to a mirror voting arrangement under which shares are voted in the same manner and proportion as shares over which the Investment Adviser does not have voting discretion. The method selected by the Proxy Committee may vary depending upon the facts and circumstances of each situation.
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The Investment Adviser may choose not to vote proxies in certain situations. This may occur, for example, in situations where the exercise of voting rights could restrict the ability to freely trade the security in question (as is the case, for example, in certain foreign jurisdictions known as blocking markets). In circumstances in which the Service Firm does not provide recommendations for a particular proxy, the Proxy Committee may obtain recommendations from analysts at the Investment Adviser who review the issuer in question or the industry in general. The Proxy Committee will apply the Proxy Guidelines as discussed above to any such recommendation.
This summary of the Northern Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Guidelines, as adopted by the Investment Adviser, is also posted in the resources section of the Northern Institutional Funds Web site, northernfunds.com/institutional. You may also obtain, upon request and without charge, a paper copy of the Northern Proxy Voting Policy and Proxy Guidelines or an SAI by calling 800-595-9111.
Information regarding how the Portfolios voted proxies, if any, relating to portfolio securities for the most recent 12 month period ended June 30 will be available, without charge, upon request, by contacting the Adviser at 800-595-9111 or Northern Trust or by visiting the SECs Web site, sec.gov.
NTI (the Administrator) acts as administrator for the Portfolios under an Administration Agreement with the Trust. Subject to the general supervision of the Trusts Board of Trustees, the Administrator provides supervision of all aspects of the Trusts non-investment advisory operations and performs various corporate secretarial, treasury and blue sky services, including, but not limited to: (i) maintaining office facilities and furnishing corporate officers for the Trust; (ii) furnishing data processing services, clerical services, and executive and administrative services and standard stationery and office supplies; (iii) performing all functions ordinarily performed by the office of a corporate treasurer, and furnishing the services and facilities ordinarily incident thereto, such as expense accrual monitoring and payment of the Trusts bills, preparing monthly reconciliation of the Trusts expense records, updating projections of annual expenses, preparing materials for review by the Board of Trustees and compliance testing; (iv) preparing and submitting reports to the Trusts shareholders and the SEC; (v) preparing and arranging for printing of financial statements; (vi) preparing monthly Portfolio profile reports; (vii) preparing and filing the Trusts federal and state tax returns (other than those required to be filed by the Trusts Custodian and Transfer Agent) and providing shareholder tax information to the Trusts Transfer Agent; (viii) assisting the Trusts Investment Adviser, at the Investment Advisers request, in monitoring and developing compliance procedures for the Trust which will include, among other matters, procedures to assist the Investment Adviser in monitoring compliance with each Portfolios investment objective, policies, restrictions, tax matters and applicable laws and regulations; (ix) assisting in marketing strategy and product development; (x) performing oversight/management responsibilities, such as the supervision and coordination of certain of the Trusts service providers; (xi) performing blue sky compliance functions; (xii) assisting in maintaining corporate records and good standing status of the Trust in its state of organization; and (xiii) monitoring the Trusts arrangements with respect to services provided by Servicing Agents to their Customers who are the beneficial owners of shares, pursuant to servicing agreements between the Trust and such Servicing Agents.
Subject to the limitations described below, as compensation for its administrative services and the assumption of related expenses, the Administrator is entitled to a fee from each Portfolio, computed daily and payable monthly, at an annual rate of 0.10% of the average daily net assets of each Portfolio. NTI, as Administrator, has agreed to reimburse expenses (including administration fees payable to NTI, but excluding management fees, transfer agency fees, service agent fees, taxes, interest and other extraordinary expenses) (Other Operating Expenses) that exceed on an annualized basis 0.10% of each Portfolios average daily net assets.
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Prior to January 1, 2009, NTI and PNC Global Investment Servicing (U.S.) Inc. (PNC) served as Co-Administrators (the Co-Administrators) for the Portfolios under a Co-Administration Agreement with the Trust. Each Portfolio paid a Co-Administration fee to NTI at an annual rate of 0.10% of the average daily net assets of each Portfolio. NTI, in turn, paid a portion of the fee to PNC. For the fiscal years indicated below, the Administrator and Co-Administrators (for periods prior to January 1, 2009) received fees under the Administration and Co-Administration Agreements, respectively, with the Trust in the amount of:
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2009 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2008 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007 |
|||||||
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$ | 22,245 | $ | 52,139 | $ | 52,103 | |||
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
52,318 | 80,502 | 93,056 | ||||||
Additionally, for the fiscal years indicated below, NTI, as Administrator and Co-Administrator, reimbursed each Portfolio for its expenses, thereby reducing the administration fees in the following amounts:
|
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2009 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2008 |
Fiscal Year Ended
November 30, 2007 |
|||||||
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$ | 135,536 | $ | 142,856 | $ | 107,149 | |||
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
112,769 | 118,641 | 93,739 | ||||||
Unless sooner terminated, the Administration Agreement will continue in effect until June 30, 2011, and thereafter for successive one-year terms with respect to each Portfolio, provided that the Agreement is approved annually (i) by the Board of Trustees or (ii) by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of such Portfolio (as defined below under Description of Shares), provided that in either event the continuance also is approved by a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Agreement and who are not interested persons (as defined in the 1940 Act) of any party thereto, by vote cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Administration Agreement is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trust on at least 60 days written notice to the Administrator. The Administrator may terminate the Administration Agreement at any time without penalty after at least 60 days written notice to the Trust. The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator may render similar services to others so long as its services under such Agreement are not impaired thereby. The Administration Agreement also provides that the Trust will indemnify the Administrator against all claims except those resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence of the Administrator, or the Administrators breach of confidentiality.
The Trust also has entered into a Distribution Agreement under which NFD, with principal offices at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101, as agent, sells shares of each Portfolio on a continuous basis. NFD pays the cost of printing and distributing prospectuses to persons who are not shareholders of the Trust (excluding preparation and typesetting expenses) and of certain other distribution efforts. No compensation is payable by the Trust to NFD for such distribution services. However, the Investment Adviser has entered into an agreement with NFD under which it makes payments to NFD in consideration for its services under the Distribution Agreement. The payments made by the Investment Adviser to NFD do not represent an additional expense to the Trust or its shareholders. NFD is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Distributors, LLC (Foreside Distributors), based in Portland, Maine, and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC. The Distribution Agreement provides that the Trust will indemnify NFD against certain liabilities relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact except those resulting from the reliance on information furnished to the Trust by NFD, or those resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence of NFD, or NFDs breach of confidentiality.
Under a License Agreement with NFD, Northern Trust Corporation agrees that the name Northern Institutional Funds may be used in connection with the Trusts business on a royalty-free basis. Northern Trust Corporation has reserved to itself the right to grant the non-exclusive right to use the name Northern
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Institutional Funds to any other person. The License Agreement provides that at such time as the Agreement is no longer in effect, NFD will cease using the name Northern Institutional Funds.
Pursuant to an exemptive order issued by the SEC concerning such arrangements, TNTC also renders securities lending services to the Portfolios. For such services, TNTC is entitled to receive a fee based on a percentage of net revenue earned by a Portfolio on each securities loan. The Board of Trustees annually reviews TNTCs services and the fees payable to TNTC. During the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009, TNTC received fees from the participating lending Portfolios for its securities lending services as follows:
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
$ | 3,262 | |
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
5,700 |
Collateral received in connection with securities lending transactions is invested in the Northern Institutional Liquid Assets Portfolio, which is advised by NTI.
As stated in the Portfolios Prospectus, Servicing Agents may enter into servicing agreements with the Trust under which they provide (or arrange to have provided) support services to their Customers or other investors who beneficially own such shares in consideration of the Portfolios payment of not more than 0.15% and 0.25% (on an annualized basis) of the average daily NAV of the Class C and D Shares, respectively, beneficially owned by such Customers or investors.
For the fiscal years indicated below, the aggregate amount of the Shareholder Service Fee incurred by each class of each Portfolio then in existence was as follows:
|
Fiscal Year
Ended November 30, 2009 |
Fiscal Year
Ended November 30, 2008 |
Fiscal Year
Ended November 30, 2007 |
|||||||
|
Large Cap Equity Portfolio |
|||||||||
|
Class D |
$ | 429 | $ | 894 | $ | 1,157 | |||
|
Large Cap Growth Portfolio |
|||||||||
|
Class C |
102 | 177 | 167 | ||||||
|
Class D |
197 | 266 | 337 | ||||||
Services provided by or arranged to be provided by Service Agents under their servicing agreements may include: (i) establishing and maintaining separate account records of Customers or other investors; (ii) providing Customers or other investors with a service that invests their assets in shares of certain classes pursuant to specific or pre-authorized instructions, and assistance with new account applications; (iii) aggregating and processing purchase and redemption requests for shares of certain classes from Customers or other investors, and placing purchase and redemption orders with the Transfer Agent; (iv) issuing confirmations to Customers or other investors in accordance with applicable law; (v) arranging for the timely transmission of funds representing the net purchase price or redemption proceeds; (vi) processing dividend payments on behalf of Customers or other investors; (vii) providing information periodically to Customers or other investors showing their positions in shares; (viii) responding to Customer or other investor inquiries (including requests for prospectuses), and complaints relating to the services performed by the Servicing Agents; (ix) acting as liaison with respect to all inquiries and complaints from Customers and other investors relating to errors committed by the Trust or its agents, and other matters pertaining to the Trust; (x) providing or arranging for another person to provide subaccounting with respect to shares of certain classes beneficially owned by Customers or other investors; (xi) if required by law, forwarding shareholder communications from the Trust (such as proxy statements and proxies,
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shareholder reports, annual and semiannual financial statements and dividend, distribution and tax notices) to Customers and other investors; (xii) providing such office space, facilities and personnel as may be required to perform their services under the servicing agreements; (xiii) maintaining appropriate management reporting and statistical information; (xiv) paying expenses related to the preparation of educational and other explanatory materials in connection with the development of investor services; (xv) developing and monitoring investment programs; and (xvi) providing such other similar services as the Trust may reasonably request to the extent the Servicing Agents are permitted to do so under applicable statutes, rules and regulations.
The Trusts agreements with Servicing Agents are governed by a Plan (called the Shareholder Servicing Plan), which has been adopted by the Board of Trustees. Pursuant to the Shareholder Servicing Plan, the Board of Trustees will review, at least quarterly, a written report of the amounts expended under the Trusts agreements with Servicing Agents and the purposes for which the expenditures were made. In addition, the arrangements with Servicing Agents must be approved annually by a majority of the Board of Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act, and have no direct or indirect financial interest in such arrangements.
The Board of Trustees has approved the arrangements with Servicing Agents based on information provided by the Trusts service contractors that there is a reasonable likelihood that the arrangements will benefit the Portfolios and their shareholders by affording the Portfolios greater flexibility in connection with the servicing of the accounts of the beneficial owners of their shares in an efficient manner.
COUNSEL AND INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP, with offices at One Logan Square, Suite 2000, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103-6996 and 191 North Wacker Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60606-1698, serves as counsel to the Trust.
[ ], an independent registered public accounting firm, [ ], has been appointed to serve as an independent registered public accounting firm for the Trust. In addition to audit services, [
IN-KIND PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS
Payment for shares of a Portfolio may, in the discretion of Northern Trust, be made in the form of securities that are permissible investments for the Portfolio as described in the Prospectus. For further information about this form of payment, contact the Transfer Agent. In connection with an in-kind securities payment, a Portfolio will require, among other things, that the securities be valued on the day of purchase in accordance with the pricing methods used by the Portfolio and that the Portfolio receive satisfactory assurances that it will have good and marketable title to the securities received by it; that the securities be in proper form for transfer to the Portfolio; and that adequate information be provided concerning the basis and other tax matters relating to the securities.
Although each Portfolio generally will redeem shares in cash, each Portfolio reserves the right to pay redemptions by a distribution in-kind of securities (instead of cash) from such Portfolio. The securities distributed in-kind would be readily marketable and would be valued for this purpose using the same method employed in calculating the Portfolios NAV per share. If a shareholder receives redemption proceeds in-kind, the shareholder should expect to incur transaction costs upon the disposition of the securities received in the redemption.
REDEMPTION FEES AND REQUIREMENTS
Shares of the Portfolios are sold and generally redeemed without any purchase or redemption charge imposed by the Trust. However, Northern Trust and other institutions may charge their Customers for services provided in connection with their investments.
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The exercise of voting rights and the delivery to Customers of shareholder communications from the Trust will be governed by the Customers account agreements with the Institutions. Customers should read the Prospectus in connection with any relevant agreement describing the services provided by an Institution and any related requirements and charges, or contact the Institution at which the Customer maintains its account for further information.
Except as set forth above and in this SAI, each Portfolio is responsible for the payment of its expenses. These expenses include, without limitation, the fees and expenses payable to the Investment Adviser, Administrator, Transfer Agent and Custodian; brokerage fees and commissions, fees for the registration or qualification of Portfolio shares under federal or state securities laws; expenses of the organization of the Trust; taxes; interest; costs of liability insurance, fidelity bonds, indemnification or contribution, any costs, expenses or losses arising out of any liability of, or claim for damages or other relief asserted against the Trust for violation of any law; legal, tax and auditing fees and expenses; expenses of preparing and printing prospectuses, statements of additional information, proxy materials, reports and notices and distributing of the same to the Portfolios shareholders and regulatory authorities; compensation and expenses of its Trustees; fees of industry organizations such as the Investment Company Institute; and miscellaneous and extraordinary expenses incurred by the Trust.
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You may call 800-637-1380 to obtain the current 7-day yield and other performance information or visit northernfunds.com/institutional.
Performance reflects expense limitations, fee waivers and reductions or expense reimbursements, as previously discussed in this SAI. If such expense limitations, fee waivers, reductions and reimbursements were not in place, a Portfolios performance would have been reduced.
The performance of a class of shares of a Portfolio may be compared to those of other mutual funds with similar investment objectives and to bond, stock and other relevant indices or to rankings prepared by independent services or other financial or industry publications that monitor the performance of mutual funds. For example, the performance of a class of shares may be compared to data prepared by Lipper Analytical Services, Inc. or other independent mutual fund reporting services. In addition, the performance of a class may be compared to the S&P 500 Index, the Russell 1000 Growth Index or other unmanaged stock and bond indices. Performance data as reported in national financial publications such as Money Magazine, Morningstar, Forbes, Barrons, The Wall Street Journal and The New York Times, or in publications of a local or regional nature, also may be used in comparing the performance of a class of shares of a Portfolio.
The Portfolios calculate their total returns for each class of shares separately on an average annual total return basis for various periods. Average annual total return reflects the average annual percentage change in value of an investment in the class over the measuring period. Total returns for each class of shares also may be calculated on an aggregate total return basis for various periods. Aggregate total return reflects the total percentage change in value over the measuring period. Both methods of calculating total return reflect changes in the price of the shares and assume that any dividends and capital gain distributions made by the Portfolio with respect to a class during the period are reinvested in the shares of that class. When considering average total return figures for periods longer than one year, it is important to note that the annual total return of a class for any one year in the period might have been more or less than the average for the entire period. The Portfolios also may advertise from time to time the total return of one or more classes of shares on a year-by-year or other basis for various specified periods by means of quotations, charts, graphs or schedules.
Each Portfolio calculates its average annual total return for a class of shares by determining the average annual compounded rate of return during specified periods that equates the initial amount invested to the ending redeemable value (ERV) of such investment according to the following formula:
P(1 + T) n = ERV
Average annual total return (before taxes) for a specified period is derived by calculating the actual dollar amount of the investment return on a $1,000 investment made at the maximum public offering price applicable to the relevant class at the beginning of the period, and then calculating the annual compounded rate of return which would produce that amount, assuming a redemption at the end of the period. This calculation assumes a complete redemption of the investment. It also assumes that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at NAV on the reinvestment dates during the period.
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Each Portfolio may compute an average annual total returnafter taxes on
distributions for a class of shares by determining the average annual compounded rate of return after taxes on distributions during specified periods that equates the initial amount invested to the ERV after taxes on distributions but not
P(1 + T) n = ATV D
| Where: | P = | a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000; | ||
| T = | average annual total return (after taxes on distributions); | |||
| n = | number of years; and | |||
| ATV D = | ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the 1-, 5- or 10 year periods at the end of the 1-, 5- or 10- year periods (or fractional portion), after taxes on distributions but not after taxes on redemption. |
Average annual total return (after taxes on distributions) for a specified period is derived by calculating the actual dollar amount of the investment return on a $1,000 investment made at the maximum public offering price applicable to the relevant class at the beginning of the period, and then calculating the annual compounded rate of return (after federal income taxes on distributions but not redemptions) which would produce that amount, assuming a redemption at the end of the period. This calculation assumes a complete redemption of the investment but further assumes that the redemption has no federal income tax consequences. This calculation also assumes that all dividends and distributions, less the federal income taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested at NAV on the reinvestment dates during the period. In calculating the impact of federal income taxes due on distributions, the federal income tax rates used correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., ordinary income rate for ordinary income distributions, short-term capital gain rate for short-term capital gains distributions and long-term capital gain rate for long-term capital gain distributions). The highest individual marginal federal income tax rate in effect on the reinvestment date is applied to each component of the distributions on the reinvestment date. These tax rates may vary over the measurement period. The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, also is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. The calculation disregards (i) the effect of phase-outs of certain exemptions, deductions and credits at various income levels, (ii) the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax and (iii) the potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes).
Each Portfolio may compute an average annual total return-after taxes on distributions and redemption for a class of shares by determining the average annual compounded rate of return after taxes on distributions and redemption during specified periods that equates the initial amount invested to the ERV after taxes on distributions and redemption according to the following formula:
P(1+T) n = ATV DR
| Where: | P = | a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000; | ||
| T = | average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemption); | |||
| n = | number of years; and | |||
| ATV DR = | ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the 1-, 5- or 10-year periods at the end of the 1-, 5- or 10- year periods (or fractional portion), after taxes on distributions and redemption. |
Average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemptions) for a specified period is derived by calculating the actual dollar amount of the investment return on a $1,000 investment made at the maximum public offering price applicable to the relevant class at the beginning of the period, and then calculating the annual compounded rate of return (after federal income taxes on distributions and redemptions) which would produce that amount, assuming a redemption at the end of the period. This calculation assumes a complete redemption of the investment. This calculation also assumes that all dividends and distributions, less the federal
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income taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested at NAV on the reinvestment dates during the period. In calculating the federal income taxes due on distributions, the federal income tax rates used correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., ordinary income rate for ordinary income distributions, short-term capital gain rate for short-term capital gains distributions and long-term capital gain rate for long-term capital gain distributions). The highest individual marginal federal income tax rate in effect on the reinvestment date is applied to each component of the distributions on the reinvestment date. These tax rates may vary over the measurement period. The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. The calculation disregards (i) the effect of phase-outs of certain exemptions, deductions and credits at various income levels, (ii) the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax and (iii) the potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes). In calculating the federal income taxes due on redemptions, capital gains taxes resulting from the redemption are subtracted from the redemption proceeds and the tax benefits from capital losses resulting from the redemption are added to the redemption proceeds. The highest federal individual capital gains tax rate in effect on the redemption date is used in such calculation. The federal income tax rates used correspond to the tax character of any gains or losses (e.g., short-term or long-term).
Each Portfolio may compute an aggregate total return for a class of shares by determining the aggregate compounded rates of return during specified periods that likewise equate the initial amount invested to the ERV of such investment. The formula for calculating aggregate total return is as follows:
T = [(ERV/P)]-1
The formula for calculating total return assumes that (i) all dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested on the reinvestment dates at the price per share existing on the reinvestment date, and (ii) all recurring fees charged to all shareholder accounts are included. The variable ERV in the formula is determined by assuming complete redemption of the hypothetical investment after deduction of all nonrecurring charges at the end of the measuring period.
A Portfolio calculates its 30-day (or one month) standard yield for a class of shares in accordance with the method prescribed by the SEC
Yield = 2[{(a-b/cd) + 1} 6 -1]
| Where: | a = | dividends and interest earned during the period; | ||
| b = | expenses accrued for the period (net of reimbursements); | |||
| c = | average daily number of shares outstanding during the period entitled to receive dividends; and | |||
| d = | NAV per share on the last day of the period. |
Because of the different servicing fees and transfer agency fees payable with respect to Class A, C and D Shares in a Portfolio, performance quotations for shares of Class C and D of the Portfolio will be lower than the quotations for Class A Shares of the Portfolio, which will not bear any fees for shareholder support services and will bear minimal transfer agency fees.
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The performance of each class of shares of the Portfolios is based on historical earnings, will fluctuate and is not intended to indicate future performance. The investment return and principal value of an investment in a class will fluctuate so that when redeemed, shares may be worth more or less than their original cost. Performance information may not provide a basis for comparison with bank deposits and other investments which provide a fixed yield for a stated period of time. Total return data should also be considered in light of the risks associated with a Portfolios composition, quality, maturity, operating expenses and market conditions. Any fees charged by Institutions directly to their Customer accounts in connection with investments in a Portfolio will not be included in the Portfolios calculations of performance information.
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Securities are valued at fair value. Securities traded on U.S. securities exchanges or in the NASDAQ National Market System are valued at the regular trading session closing price on the exchange or system in which such securities are principally traded. If any such security is not traded on a valuation date, it is valued at the most recent quoted bid price. Over-the-counter securities that are not reported in the NASDAQ National Market System also generally are valued at the most recent quoted bid price. Fixed-income securities, however, may be valued on the basis of evaluated prices provided by independent pricing services when such prices are believed to reflect the fair market value of such securities. Such prices may be determined taking into account securities prices, yields, maturities, call features, ratings, institutional size trading in similar groups of securities and developments related to specific securities. The values of securities of foreign issuers generally are based upon market quotations which, depending upon local convention or regulation, may be the last sale price, the last bid price or the mean between the last bid and asked price as of, in each case, the close of the appropriate exchange or other designated time. Foreign fixed-income securities, however, may, like domestic fixed-income securities, be valued based on evaluated prices provided by independent pricing services when such prices are believed to reflect the fair market value of such securities. Shares of open-end investment companies are valued at NAV. Shares of exchange-traded funds are valued at their closing price on the exchange or system on which such securities are principally traded. Spot and forward currency exchange contracts generally are valued using an independent pricing service. Exchange-traded financial futures and options are valued at the settlement price as established by the exchange on which they are traded. Over-the-counter options are valued at broker-provided bid prices, as are swaps, caps, collars and floors. The foregoing prices may be obtained from one or more independent pricing services or, as needed or applicable, independent broker-dealers. Short-term investments are valued at amortized cost, which the Investment Adviser has determined, pursuant to Board authorization, approximates fair value. Any securities for which market quotations are not readily available or are believed to be incorrect are valued at fair value as determined in good faith by the Investment Adviser under the supervision of the Board of Trustees. Circumstances in which securities may be fair valued include periods when trading in a security is limited, corporate actions and announcements take place, or regulatory news is released such as government approvals. Additionally the Trust, in its discretion, may make adjustments to the prices of securities held by a Portfolio if an event occurs after the publication of market values normally used by a Portfolio, but before the time as of which the Portfolio calculates its NAV, depending on the nature and significance of the event, consistent with applicable regulatory guidance. This may occur particularly with respect to certain foreign securities held by a Portfolio, in which case the Trust may use adjustment factors obtained from an independent evaluation service that are intended to reflect more accurately the fair value of those securities as of the time the Portfolios NAV is calculated. Other events that can trigger fair valuing of foreign securities include, for example, significant fluctuations in general market indicators, government actions or natural disasters. The use of fair valuation involves the risk that the values used by the Portfolios to price their investments may be higher or lower than the values used by other unaffiliated investment companies and investors to price the same investments.
The time at which transactions and shares are priced and the time by which orders must be received may be changed in case of an emergency or if regular trading on the New York Stock Exchange is stopped at a time other than 4:00 p.m. Eastern Standard Time. The Trust reserves the right to reprocess purchase, redemption and exchange transactions that were processed at a NAV other than the Portfolios official closing NAV. The Trust reserves the right to advance the time by which purchase and redemption orders must be received for same business day credit as otherwise permitted by the SEC. In addition, each Portfolio may compute its NAV as of any time permitted pursuant to any exemption, order or statement of the SEC or its staff.
The Investment Adviser is not required to calculate the NAV of a Portfolio on days during which no shares are tendered to a Portfolio for redemption and no orders to purchase or sell shares are received by a Portfolio, or on days on which there is an insufficient degree of trading in the Portfolios portfolio securities for changes in the value of such securities to affect materially the NAV per share.
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The following summarizes certain additional tax considerations generally affecting the Portfolios and their shareholders that are not described in the Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Portfolios or their shareholders, and the discussions here and in the Prospectus are not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Potential investors should consult their tax advisers with specific reference to their own tax situations.
The discussions of the federal tax consequences in the Prospectus and this SAI are based on the Code and the regulations issued under it, and court decisions and administrative interpretations, as in effect on the date of this SAI. Future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions may significantly alter the statements included herein, and any such changes or decisions may be retroactive.
Each Portfolio intends to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of Subtitle A, Chapter 1 of the Code. As a regulated investment company, each Portfolio generally is exempt from federal income tax on its net investment income and realized capital gains which it distributes to shareholders. To qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, it must meet three important tests each year.
First, each Portfolio must derive with respect to each taxable year at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, certain payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or foreign currencies, other income derived with respect to the Portfolios business of investing in stock, securities or currencies, or net income derived from interests in qualified publicly traded partnerships.
Second, generally, at the close of each quarter of the Portfolios taxable year, at least 50% of the value of each Portfolios assets must consist of cash and cash items, U.S. government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and securities of other issuers as to which (a) the Portfolio has not invested more than 5% of the value of its total assets in securities of the issuer and (b) the Portfolio does not hold more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of the issuer, and no more than 25% of the value of each Portfolios total assets may be invested in the securities of (1) any one issuer (other than U.S. government securities and securities of other regulated investment companies), (2) two or more issuers that the Portfolio controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or (3) one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.
Third, each Portfolio must distribute an amount equal to at least the sum of 90% of its investment company taxable income (net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss) and 90% of its tax-exempt income, if any, for the year.
Each Portfolio intends to comply with these requirements. If a Portfolio were to fail to make sufficient distributions, it could be liable for corporate income tax and for excise tax in respect of the shortfall or, if the shortfall is large enough, the Portfolio could be disqualified as a regulated investment company. If for any taxable year a Portfolio were not to qualify as a regulated investment company, all its taxable income would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In that event, taxable shareholders would recognize dividend income on distributions (including distributions attributable to tax-exempt income) to the extent of the Portfolios current and accumulated earnings and profits, and corporate shareholders could be eligible for the dividends-received deduction.
The Code imposes a non-deductible 4% excise tax on regulated investment companies that fail to currently distribute an amount equal to specified percentages of their ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital losses) by the end of each calendar year. Each Portfolio intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions of its ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income each calendar year to avoid liability for this excise tax.
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For federal income tax purposes, each Portfolio is permitted to carry forward a net capital loss in any year to offset its own capital gains, if any, during the eight years following the year of the loss. These amounts are available to be carried forward to offset future capital gains to the extent permitted by the Code and applicable tax regulations.
As of November 30, 2009, the following Portfolios had capital loss carry forwards approximating the amount (in thousands) indicated for federal tax purposes:
|
Portfolio: |
Expiring
November 30, 2010 |
Expiring
November 30, 2011 |
Expiring
November 30, 2012 |
Expiring
November 30, 2013 |
Expiring
November 30, 2014 |
Expiring
November 30, 2015 |
Expiring
November 30, 2016 |
Expiring
November 30, 2017 |
||||||||||||||||
|
Large Cap Equity |
$ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 4,943 | $ | 17,703 | ||||||||
|
Large Cap Growth |
$ | 25,942 | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | | $ | 6,689 | $ | 11,801 | ||||||||
Although each Portfolio expects to qualify as a regulated investment company and to be relieved of all or substantially all federal income taxes, depending upon the extent of its activities in states and localities in which its offices are maintained, in which its agents or independent contractors are located or in which it is otherwise deemed to be conducting business, each Portfolio may be subject to the tax laws of such states or localities.
TAXATION OF INCOME FROM CERTAIN FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS, REITS AND PFICS
The tax principles applicable to transactions in certain financial instruments, including futures contracts and options, that may be engaged in by a Portfolio, and investments in REITs and passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), are complex and, in some cases, uncertain. Such transactions and investments may cause a Portfolio to recognize taxable income prior to the receipt of cash, thereby requiring the Portfolio to liquidate other positions, or to borrow money, so as to make sufficient distributions to shareholders to avoid corporate-level tax. Moreover, some or all of the taxable income recognized may be ordinary income or short-term capital gain, so that the distributions may be taxable to shareholders as ordinary income.
In addition, in the case of any shares of a PFIC in which a Portfolio invests, the Portfolio may be liable for corporate-level tax on any ultimate gain or distributions on the shares if the Portfolio fails to make an election to recognize income annually during the period of its ownership of the shares.
The foregoing discussion is based on federal tax laws and regulations which are in effect on the date of this SAI. Such laws and regulations may be changed by legislative or administrative action. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the tax treatment of the Portfolios or their shareholders, and the discussion here and in the Prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisors with specific reference to their own tax situation, including the application of state and local taxes.
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The Trust Agreement permits the Trusts Board of Trustees to issue an unlimited number of full and fractional shares of beneficial interest of one or more separate series representing interests in one or more investment portfolios. The Trustees or Trust may hereafter create series in addition to the Trusts twenty-one existing series, which represent interests in the Trusts twenty-one respective portfolios, two of which are discussed in this SAI. The Trust Agreement also permits the Board of Trustees to classify or reclassify any unissued shares into classes within a series. Pursuant to such authority, the Trustees have authorized the issuance of an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest in three separate classes of shares in each of the Portfolios: Class A, C and D Shares.
Under the terms of the Trust Agreement, each share of each Portfolio is without par value, which represents proportionate interest in the particular Portfolio with each other share of its class in the same Portfolio and is entitled to such dividends and distributions out of the income belonging to the Portfolio as are declared by the Trustees. Upon any liquidation of a Portfolio, shareholders of each class of a Portfolio are entitled to share pro rata in the net assets belonging to that class available for distribution. Shares do not have any preemptive or conversion rights. The right of redemption is described under Account Policies and Other Information in the Prospectus. In addition, pursuant to the terms of the 1940 Act, the right of a shareholder to redeem shares and the date of payment by a Portfolio may be suspended for more than seven days (i) for any period during which the New York Stock Exchange is closed, other than the customary weekends or holidays, or trading in the markets the Portfolio normally utilizes is closed or is restricted as determined by the SEC, (ii) during any emergency, as determined by the SEC, as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Portfolio to dispose of instruments owned by it or fairly to determine the value of its net assets, or (iii) for such other period as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of the shareholders of the Portfolio. The Trust also may suspend or postpone the recordation of the transfer of its shares upon the occurrence of any of the foregoing conditions. In addition, shares of each Portfolio are redeemable at the unilateral option of the Trust. Shares when issued as described in the Prospectus are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable, except as stated below. In the interests of economy and convenience, certificates representing shares of the Portfolios are not issued.
The proceeds received by each Portfolio for each issue or sale of its shares, and all net investment income, realized and unrealized gain and proceeds thereof, subject only to the rights of creditors, will be specifically allocated to and constitute the underlying assets of that Portfolio. The underlying assets of each Portfolio will be segregated on the books of account, and will be charged with the liabilities in respect to that Portfolio and with a share of the general liabilities of the Trust. Expenses with respect to the Portfolios of the Trust normally are allocated in proportion to the NAV of the respective Portfolios except where allocations of direct expenses can otherwise be fairly made.
Each Portfolio and other Portfolios of the Trust entitled to vote on a matter will vote in the aggregate and not by Portfolio, except as required by law or when the matter to be voted on affects only the interests of shareholders of a particular Portfolio.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required by the provisions of the 1940 Act or applicable state law, or otherwise, to be submitted to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Trust shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each investment portfolio affected by such matter. Rule 18f-2 further provides that an investment portfolio shall be deemed to be affected by a matter unless the interests of each investment portfolio in the matter are substantially identical or the matter does not affect any interest of the investment portfolio. Under the Rule, the approval of an investment advisory agreement or any change in a fundamental investment policy would be effectively acted upon with respect to an investment portfolio only if approved by a majority of the outstanding shares of such investment portfolio. However, the Rule also provides that the ratification of the appointment of independent accountants, the approval of principal underwriting contracts and the election of Trustees are exempt from the separate voting requirements stated above. In addition,
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shareholders of each of the classes have equal voting rights except that only shares of the particular class(es) affected by the matter will be entitled to vote on such matters (e.g., matters relating to shareholder servicing expenses and transfer agency fees that are payable by that class).
The Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders and does not intend to hold such meetings. In the event that a meeting of shareholders is held, each share of the Trust will be entitled, as determined by the Trustees without the vote or consent of shareholders, either to one vote for each share or to one vote for each dollar of NAV represented by such shares on all matters presented to shareholders, including the election of Trustees (this method of voting being referred to as dollar-based voting). However, to the extent required by the 1940 Act or otherwise determined by the Trustees, series and classes of the Trust will vote separately from each other. Shareholders of the Trust do not have cumulative voting rights in the election of Trustees and, accordingly, the holders of more than 50% of the aggregate voting power of the Trust may elect all of the Trustees, irrespective of the vote of the other shareholders. Meetings of shareholders of the Trust, or any series or class thereof, may be called by the Trustees, certain officers or upon the written request of holders of 10% or more of the shares entitled to vote at such meeting. To the extent required by law, the Trust will assist in shareholder communications in connection with a meeting called by shareholders. The shareholders of the Trust will have voting rights only with respect to the limited number of matters specified in the Trust Agreement and such other matters as the Trustees may determine or may be required by law.
Subject to the rights of the Trustees with respect to the Portfolios, the Trust Agreement authorizes the Trustees, without shareholder approval (except as stated in the next paragraph), to cause the Trust, or any series thereof, to merge or consolidate with any corporation, association, trust or other organization or sell or exchange all or substantially all of the property belonging to the Trust, or any series thereof. In addition, the Trustees, without shareholder approval, may adopt a master-feeder structure by investing substantially all of the assets of a series of the Trust in the securities of another open-end investment company or pooled portfolio.
Subject to the rights of the Trustees with respect to the Portfolios, the Trust Agreement also authorizes the Trustees, in connection with the merger, consolidation, termination or other reorganization of the Trust or any series or class, to classify the shareholders of any class into one or more separate groups and to provide for the different treatment of shares held by the different groups, provided that such merger, consolidation, termination or other reorganization is approved by a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as defined in the 1940 Act) of each group of shareholders that are so classified.
The Trust Agreement permits the Trustees to amend the Trust Agreement without a shareholder vote. However, shareholders of the Trust have the right to vote on any amendment: (i) that would adversely affect the voting rights of shareholders; (ii) that is required by law to be approved by shareholders; (iii) that would amend the voting provisions of the Trust Agreement; or (iv) that the Trustees determine to submit to shareholders.
The Trust Agreement permits the termination of the Trust or of any series or class of the Trust: (i) by a majority of the affected shareholders at a meeting of shareholders of the Trust, series or class; or (ii) by a majority of the Trustees without shareholder approval if the Trustees determine that such action is in the best interest of the Trust or its shareholders. The factors and events that the Trustees may take into account in making such determination include: (i) the inability of the Trust or any series or class to maintain its assets at an appropriate size; (ii) changes in laws or regulations governing the Trust, or any series or class thereof, or affecting assets of the type in which it invests; or (iii) economic developments or trends having a significant adverse impact on their business or operations.
Under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (the Delaware Act), shareholders are not personally liable for obligations of the Trust. The Delaware Act entitles shareholders of the Trust to the same limitation of liability as is available to shareholders of private for-profit corporations. However, no similar statutory or other authority limiting statutory trust shareholder liability exists in many other states. As a result, to the extent that the Trust or a shareholder is subject to the jurisdiction of courts in such other states, those courts may not apply Delaware law
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and may subject the shareholders to liability. To offset this risk, the Trust Agreement: (i) contains an express disclaimer of shareholder liability for acts or obligations of the Trust and requires that notice of such disclaimer be given in each agreement, obligation and instrument entered into or executed by the Trust or its Trustees and (ii) provides for indemnification out of the property of the applicable series of the Trust of any shareholder held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust solely by reason of being or having been a shareholder and not because of the shareholders acts or omissions or for some other reason. Thus, the risk of a shareholder incurring financial loss beyond his or her investment because of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which all of the following factors are present: (i) a court refuses to apply Delaware law; (ii) the liability arises under tort law or, if not, no contractual limitation of liability is in effect; and (iii) the applicable series of the Trust is unable to meet its obligations.
The Trust Agreement provides that the Trustees will not be liable to any person other than the Trust or a shareholder and that a Trustee will not be liable for any act as a Trustee. However, nothing in the Trust Agreement protects a Trustee against any liability to which he or she would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his or her office. The Trust Agreement provides for indemnification of Trustees, officers and agents of the Trust unless the recipient is liable by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such persons office.
The Trust Agreement provides that each shareholder, by virtue of becoming such, will be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms of the Trust Agreement and to have become a party thereto.
In addition to the requirements of Delaware law, the Trust Agreement provides that a shareholder of the Trust may bring a derivative action on behalf of the Trust only if the following conditions are met: (i) shareholders eligible to bring such derivative action under Delaware law who hold at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust, or 10% of the outstanding shares of the series or class to which such action relates, must join in the request for the Trustees to commence such action; and (ii) the Trustees must be afforded a reasonable amount of time to consider such shareholder request and to investigate the basis of such claim. The Trust Agreement also provides that no person, other than the Trustees, who is not a shareholder of a particular series or class shall be entitled to bring any derivative action, suit or other proceeding on behalf of or with respect to such series or class. The Trustees will be entitled to retain counsel or other advisers in considering the merits of the request and may require an undertaking by the shareholders making such request to reimburse the Trust for the expense of any such advisers in the event that the Trustees determine not to bring such action.
The Trustees may appoint separate Trustees with respect to one or more series or classes of the Trusts shares (the Series Trustees). To the extent provided by the Trustees in the appointment of Series Trustees, Series Trustees: (i) may, but are not required to, serve as Trustees of the Trust or any other series or class of the Trust; (ii) may have, to the exclusion of any other Trustee of the Trust, all the powers and authorities of Trustees under the Trust Agreement with respect to such series or class; and/or (iii) may have no power or authority with respect to any other series or class. The Trustees are not currently considering the appointment of Series Trustees for the Trust.
The term majority of the outstanding shares of either the Trust or a particular Portfolio means, with respect to the approval of an investment advisory agreement or a change in a fundamental investment policy, the vote of the lesser of (i) 67% or more of the shares of the Trust or such Portfolio present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or such Portfolio are present or represented by proxy, or (ii) more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Trust or such Portfolio.
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As of July [ ], 2010, substantially all of the Portfolios outstanding shares were held of record by Northern Trust for the benefit of its Customers and the Customers of its affiliates and correspondent banks that have invested in the Portfolios. Northern Trust has advised the Trust that the following persons (whose mailing address is: c/o The Northern Trust Company, 50 South LaSalle, Chicago, IL 60603) beneficially owned 5% or more of the outstanding shares of the Portfolios classes as of July [ ], 2010:
| Number of Shares | % of Portfolio | |||||
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Large Cap Equity PortfolioClass A |
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|
[ ] |
[ | ] | [ | ]% | ||
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Large Cap Equity PortfolioClass D |
||||||
|
[ ] |
[ | ] | [ | ]% | ||
|
Large Cap Growth PortfolioClass A |
||||||
|
[ ] |
[ | ] | [ | ]% | ||
|
Large Cap Growth PortfolioClass C |
||||||
|
[ ] |
[ | ] | [ | ]% | ||
|
Large Cap Growth PortfolioClass D |
||||||
|
[ ] |
[ | ] | [ | ]% | ||
To the extent that any shareholder is the beneficial owner of more than 25% of the outstanding shares of any Portfolio, such shareholder may be deemed a control person of that Portfolio for purposes of the 1940 Act.
As of July [ ], 2010, TNTC and its affiliates possessed sole or shared voting and/or investment power for their Customer accounts with respect to less than 1% of the Trusts outstanding shares in the aggregate. As of the same date, the Trusts Trustees and officers as a group owned beneficially less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class of each Portfolio.
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The audited financial statements and related reports of [ ], an independent registered public accounting firm, contained in the annual reports to the Portfolios shareholders for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2009 (the Annual Report) are hereby incorporated by reference herein. No other parts of the Annual Report, including without limitation, Managements Discussion of Portfolio Performance, are incorporated by reference herein. Copies of the Trusts Annual Reports may be obtained upon request and without charge, from the Transfer Agent by writing to the Northern Institutional Funds Center, P.O. Box 75986, Chicago, Illinois 60675-5986 or by calling 800-637-1380 (toll-free).
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Statements contained in the Prospectus or in this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other documents referred to are not necessarily complete, and in each instance reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which the Prospectus and this SAI form a part, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference. The Registration Statement including the exhibits filed therewith may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C. or on the SECs Web site at sec.gov.
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DESCRIPTION OF SECURITIES RATINGS
Short-Term Credit Ratings
A Standard & Poors short-term issue credit rating is a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation having an original maturity of no more than 365 days. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Standard & Poors for short-term issues:
A-1Obligations are rated in the highest category and indicate that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2The obligors capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory. Obligations are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligors in the highest rating category.
A-3Obligor has adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BAn obligation is regarded as vulnerable and has significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Ratings of B1, B-2 and B-3 may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the B category.
B-1A short-term obligation rated B-1 is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-2A short-term obligation rated B-2 is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
B-3A short-term obligation rated B-3 is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
CObligations are currently vulnerable to nonpayment and are dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
RAn obligor rated R is under regulatory supervision owing to its financial condition. During the pendency of the regulatory supervision the regulators may have the power to favor one class of obligations over others or pay some obligations and not others.
SD and Dan obligor rated SD (selective default) or D has failed to pay one or more of its financial obligations (rated or unrated) when it came due. A D rating is assigned when Standard & Poors believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay all or substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An SD rating is assigned when Standard & Poors believes that the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue or class of obligations, excluding those that qualify as regulatory capital but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner.
A-1
NRAn issuer designated NR is not rated.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency RisksCountry risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poors analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligors capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign governments own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.
Moodys Investors Service (Moodys) short-term ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs or to individual short-term debt instruments. Such obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding thirteen months, unless explicitly noted.
Moodys employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment ability of rated issuers:
P-1Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
NPIssuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
Fitch, Inc. / Fitch Ratings Ltd. (Fitch) short-term ratings scale is based in all cases on the short-term vulnerability to default of the rated entity or security stream, and relates to the capacity to meet financial obligations in accordance with the documentation governing the relevant obligation. Short-term ratings are assigned to obligations whose initial maturity is viewed as short-term based on market convention. Typically, this means up to 13 months for corporate, structured and sovereign obligations, and up to 36 months for obligations in U.S. public finance markets. The following summarizes the rating categories used by Fitch for short-term obligations:
F1Securities possess the highest short-term credit quality. This designation indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added + to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
F2Securities possess good short-term credit quality. This designation indicates good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
F3Securities possess fair short-term credit quality. This designation indicates that the intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
BSecurities possess speculative short-term credit quality. This designation indicates minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
CSecurities possess high short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
A-2
RDRestricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
DDefault. Indicates a broad-based default for an entity, or the default of a specific short-term obligation.
The following summarizes the ratings used by Dominion Bond Rating Service Limited (DBRS) for commercial paper and short-term debt:
R-1 (high)Short-term debt rated R-1 (high) is of the highest credit quality, and indicates an entity possessing unquestioned ability to repay current liabilities as they fall due. Entities rated in this category normally maintain strong liquidity positions, conservative debt levels, and profitability that is both stable and above average. Companies achieving an R-1 (high) rating are normally leaders in structurally sound industry segments with proven track records, sustainable positive future results, and no substantial qualifying negative factors. Given the extremely tough definition DBRS has established for an R-1 (high), few entities are strong enough to achieve this rating.
R-1 (middle)Short-term debt rated R-1 (middle) is of superior credit quality and, in most cases, ratings in this category differ from R-1 (high) credits by only a small degree. Given the extremely tough definition DBRS has established for the R-1 (high) category, entities rated R-1 (middle) are also considered strong credits, and typically exemplify above average strength in key areas of consideration for the timely repayment of short-term liabilities.
R-1 (low)Short-term debt rated R-1 (low) is of satisfactory credit quality. The overall strength and outlook for key liquidity, debt, and profitability ratios is not normally as favorable as with higher rating categories, but these considerations are still respectable. Any qualifying negative factors that exist are considered manageable, and the entity is normally of sufficient size to have some influence in its industry.
R-2 (high)Short-term debt rated R-2 (high) is considered to be at the upper end of adequate credit quality. The ability to repay obligations as they mature remains acceptable, although the overall strength and outlook for key liquidity, debt, and profitability ratios is not as strong as credits rated in the R-1 (low) category. Relative to the latter category, other shortcomings often include areas such as stability, financial flexibility, and the relative size and market position of the entity within its industry.
R-2 (middle)Short-term debt rated R-2 (middle) is considered to be of adequate credit quality. Relative to the R-2 (high) category, entities rated R-2 (middle) typically have some combination of higher volatility, weaker debt or liquidity positions, lower future cash flow capabilities, or are negatively impacted by a weaker industry. Ratings in this category would be more vulnerable to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
R-2 (low)Short-term debt rated R-2 (low) is considered to be at the lower end of adequate credit quality, typically having some combination of challenges that are not acceptable for an R-2 (middle) credit. However, R-2 (low) ratings still display a level of credit strength that allows for a higher rating than the R-3 category, with this distinction often reflecting the issuers liquidity profile.
R-3Short-term debt rated R-3 is considered to be at the lowest end of adequate credit quality, one step up from being speculative. While not yet defined as speculative, the R-3 category signifies that although repayment is still expected, the certainty of repayment could be impacted by a variety of possible adverse developments, many of which would be outside the issuers control. Entities in this area often have limited access to capital markets and may also have limitations in securing alternative sources of liquidity, particularly during periods of weak economic conditions.
A-3
R-4Short-term debt rated R-4 is speculative. R-4 credits tend to have weak liquidity and debt ratios, and the future trend of these ratios is also unclear. Due to its speculative nature, companies with R-4 ratings would normally have very limited access to alternative sources of liquidity. Earnings and cash flow would typically be very unstable, and the level of overall profitability of the entity is also likely to be low. The industry environment may be weak, and strong negative qualifying factors are also likely to be present.
R-5Short-term debt rated R-5 is highly speculative. There is a reasonably high level of uncertainty as to the ability of the entity to repay the obligations on a continuing basis in the future, especially in periods of economic recession or industry adversity. In some cases, short term debt rated R-5 may have challenges that if not corrected, could lead to default.
DA security rated D implies the issuer has either not met a scheduled payment or the issuer has made it clear that it will be missing such a payment in the near future. In some cases, DBRS may not assign a D rating under a bankruptcy announcement scenario, as allowances for grace periods may exist in the underlying legal documentation. Once assigned, the D rating will continue as long as the missed payment continues to be in arrears, and until such time as the rating is discontinued or reinstated by DBRS.
Long-Term Credit Ratings
The following summarizes the ratings used by Standard & Poors for long-term issues:
AAAAn obligor rated AAA has extremely strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. AAA is the highest issuer credit rating assigned by Standard & Poors.
AAAn obligor rated AA has very strong capacity to meet its financial commitments. It differs from the highest-rated obligors only to a small degree.
AAn obligor rated A has strong capacity to meet its financial commitments but is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligors in higher-rated categories.
BBBAn obligor rated BBB has adequate capacity to meet its financial commitments. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitments.
BB, B, CCC and CCObligors rated BB, B, CCC and CC are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and CC the highest. While such obligors will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BBAn obligor rated BB is less vulnerable in the near term than other lower-rated obligors. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties and exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligors inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitments.
BAn obligor rated B is more vulnerable than the obligors rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligors capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitments.
CCCAn obligor rated CCC is currently vulnerable, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial and economic conditions to meet its financial commitments.
CCAn obligor rated CC is currently highly vulnerable.
A-4
Plus (+) or minus (-)The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
RAn obligor rated R is under regulatory supervision owing to its financial condition. During the pendency of the regulatory supervision the regulators may have the power to favor one class of obligations over others or pay some obligations and not others.
SD and DAn obligor rated SD (selective default) or D has failed to pay one or more of its financial obligations (rated or unrated) when it came due. A D rating is assigned when Standard & Poors believes that the default will be a general default and that the obligor will fail to pay all or substantially all of its obligations as they come due. An SD rating is assigned when Standard & Poors believes that the obligor has selectively defaulted on a specific issue or class of obligations, excluding those that qualify as regulatory capital, but it will continue to meet its payment obligations on other issues or classes of obligations in a timely manner. A selective default includes the completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby one or more financial obligation is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
NRAn issuer designated NR is not rated.
Local Currency and Foreign Currency RisksCountry risk considerations are a standard part of Standard & Poors analysis for credit ratings on any issuer or issue. Currency of repayment is a key factor in this analysis. An obligors capacity to repay foreign currency obligations may be lower than its capacity to repay obligations in its local currency due to the sovereign governments own relatively lower capacity to repay external versus domestic debt. These sovereign risk considerations are incorporated in the debt ratings assigned to specific issues. Foreign currency issuer ratings are also distinguished from local currency issuer ratings to identify those instances where sovereign risks make them different for the same issuer.
The following summarizes the ratings used by Moodys for long-term debt:
AaaObligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
AaObligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
AObligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
BaaObligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
BaObligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
BObligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
CaaObligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
CaObligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
CObligations rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moodys appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
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The following summarizes long-term ratings used by Fitch:
AAASecurities considered to be of the highest credit quality. AAA ratings denote the lowest expectation of default risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
AASecurities considered to be of very high credit quality. AA ratings denote expectations of very low default risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
ASecurities considered to be of high credit quality. A ratings denote expectations of low default risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
BBBSecurities considered to be of good credit quality. BBB ratings indicate that expectations of default risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
BBSecurities considered to be speculative. BB ratings indicate that there is an elevated vulnerability to default risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial flexibility exists which supports the servicing of financial commitments.
BSecurities considered to be highly speculative. B ratings indicate that material default risk is present, but a limited margin of safety remains. Financial commitments are currently being met; however, capacity for continued payment is vulnerable to deterioration in the business and economic environment.
CCC, CC and CA CCC rating indicates substantial credit risk, with default a real possibility. A CC rating indicates very high levels of credit risk. Default of some kind appears probable. C ratings signal exceptionally high levels of credit risk. Default is imminent or inevitable, or the issuer is in standstill.
RDindicates an issuer that in Fitch ratings opinion has experienced an uncured payment default on a bond, loan or other material financial obligation but which has not entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, and which has not otherwise ceased business.
Dindicates an issuer that in Fitch ratings opinion has entered into bankruptcy filings, administration, receivership, liquidation or other formal winding-up procedure, or which has otherwise ceased business.
Default ratings are not assigned prospectively to entities or their obligations; within this context, non-payment on an instrument that contains a deferral feature or grace period will generally not be considered a default until after the expiration of the deferral or grace period, unless a default is otherwise driven by bankruptcy or other similar circumstance, or by a coercive debt exchange.
Imminent default typically refers to the occasion where a payment default has been intimated by the issuer, and is all but inevitable. This may, for example, be where an issuer has missed a scheduled payment, but (as is typical) has a grace period during which it may cure the payment default. Another alternative would be where an issuer has formally announced a coercive debt exchange, but the date of the exchange still lies several days or weeks in the immediate future.
In all cases, the assignment of a default rating reflects the agencys opinion as to the most appropriate rating category consistent with the rest of its universe of ratings, and may differ from the definition of default under the terms of an issuers financial obligations or local commercial practice.
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Plus (+) or minus (-) may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the AAA long-term rating category or to categories below B.
The following summarizes the ratings used by DBRS for long-term debt:
AAALong-term debt rated AAA is of the highest credit quality, with exceptionally strong protection for the timely repayment of principal and interest. Earnings are considered stable, the structure of the industry in which the entity operates is strong, and the outlook for future profitability is favorable. There are few qualifying factors present which would detract from the performance of the entity. The strength of liquidity and coverage ratios is unquestioned and the entity has established a creditable track record of superior performance. Given the extremely high standard that DBRS has set for this category, few entities are able to achieve a AAA rating.
AALong-term debt rated AA is of superior credit quality, and protection of interest and principal is considered high. In many cases they differ from long-term debt rated AAA only to a small degree. Given the extremely restrictive definition DBRS has for the AAA category, entities rated AA are also considered to be strong credits, typically exemplifying above-average strength in key areas of consideration and unlikely to be significantly affected by reasonably foreseeable events.
ALong-term debt rated A is of satisfactory credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is still substantial, but the degree of strength is less than that of AA rated entities. While A is a respectable rating, entities in this category are considered to be more susceptible to adverse economic conditions and have greater cyclical tendencies than higher-rated securities.
BBBLong-term debt rated BBB is of adequate credit quality. Protection of interest and principal is considered acceptable, but the entity is fairly susceptible to adverse changes in financial and economic conditions, or there may be other adverse conditions present which reduce the strength of the entity and its rated securities.
BBLong-term debt rated BB is defined to be speculative and non-investment grade, where the degree of protection afforded interest and principal is uncertain, particularly during periods of economic recession. Entities in the BB range typically have limited access to capital markets and additional liquidity support. In many cases, deficiencies in critical mass, diversification, and competitive strength are additional negative considerations.
BLong-term debt rated B is highly speculative and there is a reasonably high level of uncertainty as to the ability of the entity to pay interest and principal on a continuing basis in the future, especially in periods of economic recession or industry adversity.
CCC, CC and CLong-term debt rated in any of these categories is very highly speculative and is in danger of default of interest and principal. The degree of adverse elements present is more severe than long-term debt rated B. Long-term debt rated below B often have features which, if not remedied, may lead to default. In practice, there is little difference between these three categories, with CC and C normally used for lower ranking debt of companies for which the senior debt is rated in the CCC to B range.
DA security rated D implies the issuer has either not met a scheduled payment of interest or principal; that the issuer has made it clear that it will miss such a payment in the near future or in certain cases, that there has been a distressed exchange. In some cases, DBRS may not assign a D rating under a bankruptcy announcement scenario, as allowances for grace periods may exist in the underlying legal documentation. Once assigned, the D rating will continue as long as the missed payment continues to be in arrears, and until such time as the rating is discontinued or reinstated by DBRS. Where this scale is used for preferred securities, the nonpayment of a dividend will only be considered as a D if the missed payment constitutes default per the legal documents.
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(high, low)Each rating category is denoted by the subcategories high and low. The absence of either a high or low designation indicates the rating is in the middle of the category. The AAA and D categories do not utilize high, middle, and low as differential grades.
Municipal Note Ratings
A Standard & Poors U.S. municipal note rating reflects Standard & Poors opinion about the liquidity factors and market access risks unique to the notes. Notes due in three years or less will likely receive a note rating. Notes with an original maturity of more than three years will most likely receive a long-term debt rating. The following criteria will be used in making that assessment:
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Amortization schedule-the larger the final maturity relative to other maturities, the more likely it will be treated as a note; and |
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Source of payment-the more dependent the issue is on the market for its refinancing, the more likely it will be treated as a note. |
Note rating symbols are as follows:
SP-1The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit a strong capacity to pay principal and interest. An issue determined to possess a very strong capacity to pay debt service is given a plus (+) designation.
SP-2The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit a satisfactory capacity to pay principal and interest, with some vulnerability to adverse financial and economic changes over the term of the notes.
SP-3The issuers of these municipal notes exhibit speculative capacity to pay principal and interest.
Moodys uses three rating categories for short-term municipal obligations that are considered investment grade. These ratings are designated as Municipal Investment Grade (MIG) and are divided into three levelsMIG-1 through MIG-3. In addition, those short-term obligations that are of speculative quality are designated SG, or speculative grade. MIG ratings expire at the maturity of the obligation. The following summarizes the ratings used by Moodys for these short-term obligations:
MIG-1This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by established cash flows, highly reliable liquidity support, or demonstrated broad-based access to the market for refinancing.
MIG-2This designation denotes strong credit quality. Margins of protection are ample, although not as large as in the preceding group.
MIG-3This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Liquidity and cash-flow protection may be narrow, and market access for refinancing is likely to be less well-established.
SGThis designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Debt instruments in this category may lack sufficient margins of protection.
In the case of variable rate demand obligations (VRDOs), a two-component rating is assigned; a long or short-term debt rating and a demand obligation rating. The first element represents Moodys evaluation of the degree of risk associated with scheduled principal and interest payments. The second element represents Moodys evaluation of the degree of risk associated with the ability to receive purchase price upon demand (demand feature), using a variation of the MIG rating scale, the Variable Municipal Investment Grade or VMIG rating.
When either the long- or short-term aspect of a VRDO is not rated, that piece is designated NR, e.g., Aaa/NR or NR/VMIG-1.
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VMIG rating expirations are a function of each issues specific structural or credit features.
VMIG-1This designation denotes superior credit quality. Excellent protection is afforded by the superior short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG-2This designation denotes strong credit quality. Good protection is afforded by the strong short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
VMIG-3This designation denotes acceptable credit quality. Adequate protection is afforded by the satisfactory short-term credit strength of the liquidity provider and structural and legal protections that ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
SGThis designation denotes speculative-grade credit quality. Demand features rated in this category may be supported by a liquidity provider that does not have an investment grade short-term rating or may lack the structural and/or legal protections necessary to ensure the timely payment of purchase price upon demand.
Fitch uses the same ratings for municipal securities as described above for other short-term credit ratings.
About Credit Ratings
A Standard & Poors issue credit rating is a forward-looking opinion about the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program (including ratings on medium-term note programs and commercial paper programs). It takes into consideration the creditworthiness of guarantors, insurers, or other forms of credit enhancement on the obligation and takes into account the currency in which the obligation is denominated. The opinion reflects Standard & Poors view of the obligors capacity and willingness to meet its financial commitments as they come due, and may assess terms, such as collateral security and subordination, which could affect ultimate payment in the event of default.
Moodys credit ratings must be construed solely as statements of opinion and not statements of fact or recommendations to purchase, sell or hold any securities.
Fitchs credit ratings provide an opinion on the relative ability of an entity to meet financial commitments, such as interest, preferred dividends, repayment of principal, insurance claims or counterparty obligations. Fitch credit ratings are used by investors as indications of the likelihood of receiving the money owed to them in accordance with the terms on which they invested. Fitchs credit ratings cover the global spectrum of corporate, sovereign (including supranational and sub-national), financial, bank, insurance, municipal and other public finance entities and the securities or other obligations they issue, as well as structured finance securities backed by receivables or other financial assets.
DBRS credit ratings are opinions based on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of information sourced and received by DBRS, which information is not audited or verified by DBRS. Ratings are not buy, hold or sell recommendations and they do not address the market price of a security. Ratings may be upgraded, downgraded, placed under review, confirmed and discontinued.
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As stated in the Prospectus, the Portfolios may enter into certain futures transactions. Some of these transactions are described in this Appendix. The Portfolios may also enter into futures transactions or other securities and instruments that are available in the markets from time to time.
I. Interest Rate Futures Contracts.
Use of Interest Rate Futures Contracts. Bond prices are established in both the cash market and the futures market. In the cash market, bonds are purchased and sold with payment for the full purchase price of the bond being made in cash, at or shortly after the trade. In the futures market, only a contract is made to purchase or sell a bond in the future for a set price on a certain date. Historically, the prices for bonds established in the futures markets have tended to move generally in the aggregate in concert with the cash market prices and have maintained fairly predictable relationships. Accordingly, a Portfolio may use interest rate futures contracts as a defense, or hedge, against anticipated interest rate changes. As described below, this would include the use of futures contract sales to protect against expected increases in interest rates and futures contract purchases to offset the impact of interest rate declines.
A Portfolio presently could accomplish a similar result to that which it hopes to achieve through the use of futures contracts by selling bonds with long maturities and investing in bonds with short maturities when interest rates are expected to increase, or conversely, selling short-term bonds and investing in long-term bonds when interest rates are expected to decline. However, because of the liquidity that is often available in the futures market, the protection is more likely to be achieved, perhaps at a lower cost and without changing the rate of interest being earned by a Portfolio, by using futures contracts.
Interest rate future contracts can also be used by a Portfolio for non-hedging (speculative) purposes to increase total return.
Description of Interest Rate Futures Contracts. An interest rate futures contract sale would create an obligation by a Portfolio, as seller, to deliver the specific type of financial instrument called for in the contract at a specific future time for a specified price. A futures contract purchase would create an obligation by a Portfolio, as purchaser, to take delivery of the specific type of financial instrument at a specific future time at a specific price. The specific securities delivered or taken, respectively, at settlement date, would not be determined until at or near that date. The determination would be in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the futures contract sale or purchase was made.
Although interest rate futures contracts by their terms may call for actual delivery or acceptance of securities, in most cases the contracts are closed out before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery of securities. Closing out a futures contract sale is effected by the Portfolios entering into a futures contract purchase for the same aggregate amount of the specific type of financial instrument and the same delivery date. If the price of the sale exceeds the price of the offsetting purchase, the Portfolio is immediately paid the difference and thus realizes a gain. If the offsetting purchase price exceeds the sale price, the Portfolio pays the difference and realizes a loss. Similarly, the closing out of a futures contract purchase is effected by the Portfolio entering into a futures contract sale. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the purchase price, the Portfolio realizes a gain, and if the purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price, the Portfolio realizes a loss.
Interest rate futures contracts are traded in an auction environment on the floors of several exchangesprincipally, the Chicago Board of Trade, the Chicago Mercantile Exchange and the New York Futures Exchange. These exchanges may be either designated by the CFTC as a contract market or registered with the CFTC as a derivatives transaction execution facility (DTEF). Each exchange guarantees performance under contract provisions through a clearing corporation, a nonprofit organization managed by the exchange membership. Interest rate futures also may be traded on electronic trading facilities or over-the-counter. These various trading facilities are licensed and/or regulated to varying degrees by the CFTC.
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A public market now exists in futures contracts covering various financial instruments including long-term U.S. Treasury Bonds and Notes; Ginnie Mae modified pass-through mortgage-backed securities; three-month U.S. Treasury Bills; and ninety-day commercial paper. The Portfolios may trade in any interest rate futures contracts for which there exists a public market, including, without limitation, the foregoing instruments.
II. Index and Security Futures Contracts
A stock or bond index assigns relative values to the stocks or bonds included in the index, which fluctuates with changes in the market values of the stocks or bonds included. Some stock index futures contracts are based on broad market indices, such as the S&P 500 or the New York Stock Exchange Composite Index. In contrast, certain futures contracts relate to narrower market indices, such as the S&Ps 100 Index or indexes based on an industry or market segment, such as oil and gas stocks. Since 2001, trading has been permitted in futures based on a single stock and on narrow-based security indices (as defined in the Commodity Futures Modernization Act of 2000) (together security futures, broader-based index futures are referred to as index futures). Some futures contracts are traded on organized exchanges regulated by the CFTC. These exchanges may be either designated by the CFTC as a contract market or registered with the CFTC as a DTEF. Transactions on such exchanges are cleared through a clearing corporation, which guarantees the performance of the parties to each contract. Futures contracts also may be traded on electronic trading facilities or over-the-counter. These various trading facilities are licensed and/or regulated by varying degrees by the CFTC. To the extent consistent with its investment objective and strategies, a Portfolio may also engage in transactions, from time to time, in foreign stock index futures such as the ALL-ORDS (Australia), CAC-40 (France), TOPIX (Japan) and the FTSE-100 (United Kingdom).
A Portfolio may sell index futures and security futures contracts in order to offset a decrease in market value of its portfolio securities that might otherwise result from a market decline. A Portfolio may do so either to hedge the value of its portfolio as a whole, or to protect against declines, occurring prior to sales of securities, in the value of the securities to be sold. Conversely, a Portfolio will purchase index futures and security futures contracts in anticipation of purchases of securities. A long futures position may be terminated without a corresponding purchase of securities.
In addition, a Portfolio may utilize index futures and security futures contracts in anticipation of changes in the composition of its portfolio holdings. For example, in the event that a Portfolio expects to narrow the range of industry groups represented in its holdings it may, prior to making purchases of the actual securities, establish a long futures position based on a more restricted index, such as an index comprised of securities of a particular industry group. A Portfolio may also sell futures contracts in connection with this strategy, in order to protect against the possibility that the value of the securities to be sold as part of the restructuring of the portfolio will decline prior to the time of sale.
Index futures and security futures can also be used by a Portfolio for non-hedging (speculative) purposes to increase total return.
III. Futures Contracts on Foreign Currencies
A futures contract on foreign currency creates a binding obligation on one party to deliver, and a corresponding obligation on another party to accept delivery of, a stated quantity of foreign currency for an amount fixed in U.S. dollars. Foreign currency futures may be used by a Portfolio to hedge against exposure to fluctuations in exchange rates between the U.S. dollar and other currencies arising from multinational transactions.
A Portfolio may also use futures contracts on foreign currencies for non-hedging (speculative purposes to increase total return.
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IV. Margin Payments
Unlike purchases or sales of portfolio securities, no price is paid or received by a Portfolio upon the purchase or sale of a futures contract. Initially, a Portfolio will be required to deposit with the broker or in a segregated account with a custodian or sub-custodian an amount of liquid assets, known as initial margin, based on the value of the contract. The nature of initial margin in futures transactions is different from that of margin in security transactions in that futures contract margin does not involve the borrowing of funds by the customer to finance the transactions. Rather, the initial margin is in the nature of a performance bond or good faith deposit on the contract, which is returned to the Portfolio upon termination of the futures contract assuming all contractual obligations have been satisfied. Subsequent payments, called variation margin, to and from the broker, will be made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying instruments fluctuates making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as marking-to-market. For example, when a particular Portfolio has purchased a futures contract and the price of the contract has risen in response to a rise in the underlying instruments, that position will have increased in value and the Portfolio will be entitled to receive from the broker a variation margin payment equal to that increase in value. Conversely, where the Portfolio has purchased a futures contract and the price of the future contract has declined in response to a decrease in the underlying instruments, the position would be less valuable and the Portfolio would be required to make a variation margin payment to the broker. Prior to expiration of the futures contract, the Investment Adviser may elect to close the position by taking an opposite position, subject to the availability of a secondary market, which will operate to terminate the Portfolios position in the futures contract. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid by or released to the Portfolio, and the Portfolio realizes a loss or gain.
V. Risks of Transactions in Futures Contracts
There are several risks in connection with the use of futures by a Portfolio, even if the futures are used for hedging (non-speculative) purposes. One risk arises because of the imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures and movements in the price of the instruments which are the subject of the hedge. The price of the future may move more than or less than the price of the instruments being hedged. If the price of the futures moves less than the price of the instruments which are the subject of the hedge, the hedge will not be fully effective but, if the price of the instruments being hedged has moved in an unfavorable direction, the Portfolio would be in a better position than if it had not hedged at all. If the price of the instruments being hedged has moved in a favorable direction, this advantage will be partially offset by the loss on the futures. If the price of the futures moves more than the price of the hedged instruments, the Portfolio involved will experience either a loss or gain on the futures which will not be completely offset by movements in the price of the instruments that are the subject of the hedge. To compensate for the imperfect correlation of movements in the price of instruments being hedged and movements in the price of futures contracts, a Portfolio may buy or sell futures contracts in a greater dollar amount than the dollar amount of instruments being hedged if the volatility over a particular time period of the prices of such instruments has been greater than the volatility over such time period of the futures, or if otherwise deemed to be appropriate by the Investment Adviser. Conversely, a Portfolio may buy or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility over a particular time period of the prices of the instruments being hedged is less than the volatility over such time period of the futures contract being used, or if otherwise deemed to be appropriate by the Investment Adviser. It is also possible that, where a Portfolio has sold futures to hedge its portfolio against a decline in the market, the market may advance and the value of instruments held in the Portfolio may decline. If this occurred, the Portfolio would lose money on the futures and also experience a decline in value in its portfolio securities.
When futures are purchased to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities or a currency before a Portfolio is able to invest its cash (or cash equivalents) in an orderly fashion, it is possible that the market may decline instead; if the Portfolio then concludes not to invest its cash at that time because of concern as to possible further market decline or for other reasons, the Portfolio will realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the instruments that were to be purchased.
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In addition to the possibility that there may be an imperfect correlation, or no correlation at all, between movements in the futures and the instruments being hedged, the price of futures may not correlate perfectly with movement in the cash market due to certain market distortions. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through off-setting transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the cash and futures markets. Second, with respect to financial futures contracts, the liquidity of the futures market depends on participants entering into off-setting transactions rather than making or taking delivery. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced thus producing distortions. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions. Due to the possibility of price distortion in the futures market, and because of the imperfect correlation between the movements in the cash market and movements in the price of futures, a correct forecast of general market trends or interest rate movements by the Investment Adviser may still not result in a successful hedging transaction over a short time frame.
In general, positions in futures may be closed out only on an exchange, board of trade or other trading facility, which provides a secondary market for such futures. Although the Portfolios intend to purchase or sell futures only on trading facilities where there appear to be active secondary markets, there is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on any trading facility will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. In such an event, it may not be possible to close a futures investment position, and in the event of adverse price movements, a Portfolio would continue to be required to make daily cash payments of variation margin. However, in the event futures contracts have been used to hedge portfolio securities, such securities will not be sold until the futures contract can be terminated. In such circumstances, an increase in the price of the securities, if any, may partially or completely offset losses on the futures contract. However, as described above, there is no guarantee that the price of the securities will in fact correlate with the price movements in the futures contract and thus provide an offset on a futures contract.
Further, it should be noted that the liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by daily price fluctuation limits established by commodity exchanges which limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached in the contract, no trades may be entered into at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. The trading of futures contracts is also subject to the risk of trading halts, suspensions, exchange or clearing house equipment failures, government intervention, insolvency of a brokerage firm or clearing house or other disruptions of normal trading activity, which could at times make it difficult or impossible to liquidate existing positions or to recover excess variation margin payments.
Successful use of futures by a Portfolio is also subject to the Investment Advisers ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the market. For example, if a particular Portfolio has hedged against the possibility of a decline in the market adversely affecting securities held by it and securities prices increase instead, the Portfolio will lose part or all of the benefit to the increased value of its securities which it has hedged because it will have offsetting losses in its futures positions. In addition, in such situations, if the Portfolio has insufficient cash, it may have to sell securities to meet daily variation margin requirements. Such sales of securities may be, but will not necessarily be, at increased prices which reflect the rising market. A Portfolio may have to sell securities at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
Futures purchased or sold by a Portfolio (and related options) may be traded on foreign exchanges. Participation in foreign futures and foreign options transactions involves the execution and clearing of trades on or subject to the rules of a foreign board of trade. Neither the NFA nor any domestic exchange regulates activities of any foreign boards of trade, including the execution, delivery and clearing of transactions, or has the power to compel enforcement of the rules of a foreign board of trade or any applicable foreign law. This is true even if the exchange is formally linked to a domestic market so that a position taken on the market may be liquidated by a transaction on another market. Moreover, such laws or regulations will vary depending on the foreign country in
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which the foreign futures or foreign options transaction occurs. For these reasons, customers who trade foreign futures or foreign options contracts may not be afforded certain of the protective measures provided by the Commodity Exchange Act, the CFTC regulations and the rules of the NFA and any domestic exchange or other trading facility (including the right to use reparations proceedings before the CFTC and arbitration proceedings provided by the NFA or any domestic futures exchange), nor the protective measures provided by the SECs rules relating to security futures. In particular, the investments of a Portfolio in foreign futures, or foreign options transactions may not be provided the same protections in respect to transactions on United States futures trading facilities. In addition, the price of any foreign futures or foreign options contract and, therefore the potential profit and loss thereon may be affected by any variance in the foreign exchange rate between the time an order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised.
VI. Options on Futures Contracts
A Portfolio may purchase and write options on the futures contracts described above. A futures option gives the holder, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy (call) from or sell (put) to the writer of the option of a futures contract at a specified price at any time during the period of the option. Upon exercise, the writer of the option is obligated to pay the difference between the cash value of the futures contract and the exercise price. Like the buyer or seller of a futures contract, the holder, or writer, of an option has the right to terminate its position prior to the scheduled expiration of the option by selling, or purchasing an option of the same series, at which time the person entering into the closing transaction will realize a gain or loss. A Portfolio will be required to deposit initial margin and variation margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it pursuant to brokers requirements similar to those described above. Net option premiums received will be included as initial margin deposits. As an example, in anticipation of a decline in interest rates, a Portfolio may purchase call options on futures contracts as a substitute for the purchase of futures contracts to hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities which a Portfolio intends to purchase. Similarly, if the value of the securities held by a Portfolio is expected to decline as a result of an increase in interest rates, the Portfolio might purchase put options or sell call options on futures contracts rather than sell futures contracts.
Investments in futures options involve some of the same considerations that are involved in connection with investments in futures contracts (for example, the existence of a liquid secondary market). See Risks of Transactions in Futures Contracts above. In addition, the purchase or sale of an option also entails the risk that changes in the value of the underlying futures contract will not correspond to changes in the value of the option purchased. Depending on the pricing of the option compared to either the futures contract upon which it is based, or upon the price of the securities being hedged, an option may or may not be less risky than ownership of the futures contract or such securities. In general, the market prices of options can be expected to be more volatile than the market prices on the underlying futures contract. Compared to the purchase or sale of futures contracts, however, the purchase of call or put options on futures contracts may frequently involve less potential risk to the Portfolio because the maximum amount at risk is the premium paid for the options (plus transaction costs). The writing of an option on a futures contract involves risks similar to those risks relating to the sale of futures contracts.
VII. Other Matters
The Portfolios intend to comply with the regulations of the CFTC exempting them from registration as a Commodity Pool Operator. The Portfolios are operated by persons who have claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term Commodity Pool Operator under the Commodity Exchange Act and, therefore, are not subject to registration or regulations as a pool operator under such Act. Accounting for futures contracts will be in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
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PART C: OTHER INFORMATION
| ITEM 28. | EXHIBITS |
The following exhibits are incorporated herein by reference to:
Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A (the Registration Statement) (Accession No. 0000950130-96-001086),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 34 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950130-97-002471),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 35 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-97-005862),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-98-000216),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-98-002030),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-99-000461),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000927405-99-000333),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000927405-00-000027),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 44 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-00-002147),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-01-000262),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-01-000510),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 48 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-01-001670),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000940180-02-000170),
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Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000940180-02-000671),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 51 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-03-001758),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-03-002944),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-04-052241),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-05-014394),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-05-065102),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-06-068444),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-07-070533),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-08-014509),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-08-057595),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-08-181539),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 62 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-09-066299),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-10-015597),
Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to such Registration Statement (Accession No. 0001193125-10-070130), and
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Amendment No. 50 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 to the Registration Statement (Accession No. 0000950131-01-502545):
| (a) | (1) | Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated July 1, 1997 filed as Exhibit 1 to Post- Effective Amendment No. 36 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N- 1A, filed on January 16, 1998 (Accession No. 0000950131-98-00216) (PEA No. 36). | ||
| (2) | Amendment No. 1 dated February 25, 1998 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(2) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 39 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on February 1, 1999 (Accession No. 0000950131-99-000461) (PEA No. 39). | |||
| (3) | Amendment No. 2 dated May 15, 1998 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(3) to PEA No. 39. | |||
| (4) | Amendment No. 3 dated October 5, 1999 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(4) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 41 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on October 14, 1999 (Accession No. 0000927405-99-000333) (PEA No. 41). | |||
| (5) | Amendment No. 4 dated January 24, 2000 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on January 28, 2000 (Accession No. 0000927405-00-000027) (PEA No. 43). | |||
| (6) | Amendment No. 5 dated May 2, 2000 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(6) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 46 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on January 17, 2001 (Accession No. 0000950131-01-000262) (PEA No. 46). | |||
| (7) | Amendment No. 6 dated November 1, 2000 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(7) to PEA No. 46. | |||
| (8) | Amendment No. 7 dated July 26, 2001 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(8) to Amendment No. 50 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 to the Registration Statement, filed on July 31, 2001 (Accession No. 0000950131-01-502545) (Amendment No. 50). | |||
| (9) | Amendment No. 8 dated April 29, 2003 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 53 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 29, 2004 (Accession No. 0001193125-04-052241) (PEA No. 53). | |||
| (10) | Amendment No. 9 dated May 6, 2005 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 30, 2006 (Accession No. 0001193125-06-068444) (PEA No. 56). | |||
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| (11) | Amendment No. 10 dated November 3, 2006 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(11) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 57 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 30, 2007 (Accession No. 0001193125-07-070533) (PEA No. 57). | |||
| (12) | Amendment No. 11 dated May 9, 2008 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(12) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 61 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on August 20, 2008 (Accession No. 0001193125-08-181539) (PEA No. 61). | |||
| (13) | Amendment No. 12 dated September 24, 2008 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust filed as Exhibit (a)(13) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 62 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A filed on March 30, 2009 (Accession No. 0001193125-09-066299) (PEA No. 62). | |||
| (14) | Amendment No. 13 dated February 17, 2010 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust is filed herewith. | |||
| (b) | (1) | Amended and Restated By-Laws adopted August 2, 2000 filed as Exhibit (b)(2) to PEA No. 46. | ||
| (2) | Amendment No. 1 adopted July 29, 2003 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws filed as Exhibit (b)(2) to PEA No. 53. | |||
| (3) | Amendment No. 2 adopted April 27, 2004 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws filed as Exhibit (b)(3) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on January 28, 2005 (Accession No. 0001193125-05-014394) (PEA No. 54). | |||
| (4) | Amendment No. 3 adopted July 27, 2004 to the Amended and Restated By-Laws filed as Exhibit (b)(4) to PEA No. 54. | |||
| (5) | Amendment No. 4 adopted February 14, 2008 to the Amended and Restated By- Laws filed as Exhibit (b)(5) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 14, 2008 (Accession No. 0001193125-08-057595) (PEA No. 59). | |||
| (c) | Articles IV, V, VI, VII and IX of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated July 1, 1997 filed as Exhibit 1 to PEA No. 36. | |||
| (d) | (1) | Investment Advisory Agreement dated March 31, 1998 between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company (the Investment Advisory Agreement) filed as Exhibit (d)(1) to PEA No. 39. | ||
| (2) | Addendum No. 1 dated March 31, 1998 to the Investment Advisory Agreement filed as Exhibit (d)(2) to PEA No. 39. | |||
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| (3) | Addendum No. 2 dated March 31, 1998 to the Investment Advisory Agreement filed as Exhibit (d)(3) to PEA No. 39. | |||
| (4) | Addendum No. 3 dated March 31, 1998 to the Investment Advisory Agreement filed as Exhibit (d)(4) to PEA No. 39. | |||
| (5) | Addendum No. 4 dated March 31, 1998 to the Investment Advisory Agreement filed as Exhibit (d)(5) to PEA No. 39. | |||
| (6) | Addendum No. 5 dated March 31, 1998 to the Investment Advisory Agreement filed as Exhibit (d)(6) to PEA No. 39. | |||
| (7) | Addendum No. 6 dated March 31, 1998 to the Investment Advisory Agreement filed as Exhibit (d)(7) to PEA No. 39. | |||
| (8) | Addendum No. 7 dated October 5, 1999 to the Investment Advisory Agreement filed as Exhibit (d)(8) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on January 29, 2002 (Accession No. 0000940180-02-000170) (PEA No. 49). | |||
| (9) | Assumption Agreement dated April 1, 1998 between The Northern Trust Company and Northern Trust Quantitative Advisors, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(8) to PEA No. 39. | |||
| (10) | Assumption Agreement dated January 1, 2001 between the Registrant, The Northern Trust Company and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(9) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on January 29, 2001 (Accession No. 0000950131-01- 000510) (PEA No. 47). | |||
| (11) | Assumption Agreement dated May 2, 2001 between the Registrant, Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Northern Trust Global Investments (Europe) Limited filed as Exhibit (d)(12) to PEA No. 49. | |||
| (12) | Assumption Agreement dated April 1, 2002 between Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Northern Trust Global Investments (Europe) Limited filed as Exhibit (d)(15) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 29, 2002 (Accession No. 0000940180- 02-000671) (PEA No. 50). | |||
| (13) | Assumption Agreement dated August 3, 2007 between Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Northern Trust Global Investments Limited filed as Exhibit (d)(19) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 58 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on January 29, 2008 (Accession No. 0001193125-08-014509) (PEA No. 58). | |||
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| (14) | Fee Reduction Commitment dated April 1, 2002 by Northern Trust Investments, Inc. and Northern Trust Global Investments (Europe) Limited filed as Exhibit (d)(13) to PEA No. 50. | |||
| (15) | Fee Reduction Commitment dated March 1, 2005 by Northern Trust Investments, N.A. filed as Exhibit (d)(15) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 30, 2005 (Accession No. 0001193125-05-065102)(PEA No. 55). | |||
| (16) | Fee Reduction Commitment dated February 17, 2006 by Northern Trust Investments, N.A. filed as Exhibit (d)(16) to PEA No. 56. | |||
| (17) | Investment Advisory Agreement dated March 1, 2001 between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(10) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 48 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 30, 2001 (Accession No. 0000950131-01-001670) (PEA No. 48). | |||
| (18) | Addendum No. 1 dated August 20, 2003 to the Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, N.A. filed as Exhibit (d)(16) to PEA No. 53. | |||
| (19) | Fee Reduction Commitment dated April 1, 2002 by Northern Trust Investments, Inc. filed as Exhibit (d)(14) to PEA No. 50. | |||
| (20) | Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement dated January 29, 2008 between the Registrant and Northern Trust Global Investments Ltd. and Northern Trust Investments, N.A. filed as Exhibit (d)(12) to PEA No. 59. | |||
| (21) | Amendment No. 1 dated May 9, 2008 to the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Global Investments Ltd. and Northern Trust Investments, N.A. on behalf of the Large Cap Index Portfolio filed as Exhibit (d)(13) to PEA No. 61. | |||
| (22) | Amendment No. 2 dated September 24, 2008 to the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Northern Trust Global Investments Ltd. and Northern Trust Investments, N.A. on behalf of the Treasury Portfolio filed as Exhibit (d)(22) to PEA No. 62. | |||
| (23) | Form of Assumption Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Northern Trust Global Investments Limited is filed herewith. | |||
| (24) | Fee Reduction Commitment dated February 15, 2008 by Northern Trust Investments, N.A. filed as Exhibit (d)(19) to PEA No. 59. | |||
| (25) | Advisory Fee Waiver Agreement dated April 1, 2010 by and among the Registrant, Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Northern Trust Global Investments Limited filed as Exhibit (d)(24) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 29, 2010 (Accession No. 0001193125-10-070130) (PEA No. 64). | |||
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| (e) | (1) | Distribution Agreement dated March 31, 2009 between the Registrant and Northern Funds Distributors, LLC filed as Exhibit (e)(1) to PEA No. 64. | ||
| (f) | Not Applicable | |||
| (g) | (1) | Custodian Agreement dated June 8, 1992 between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 8 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 38 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on March 27, 1998 (Accession No. 0000950131-98-002030) (PEA No. 38). | ||
| (2) | Addendum No. 1 dated January 8, 1993 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 8(a) to Post- Effective Amendment No. 31 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N- 1A, filed on March 29, 1996 (Accession No. 0000950130-96-001086) (PEA No. 31). | |||
| (3) | Addendum No. 2 dated July 1, 1993 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 8(b) to PEA No. 31. | |||
| (4) | Addendum No. 3 dated October 8, 1996 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 8(c) to Post- Effective Amendment No. 34 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N- 1A, filed on May 16, 1997 (Accession No. 0000950130-97-002471) (PEA No. 34). | |||
| (5) | Addendum No. 4 dated April 22, 1997 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 8(d) to Post- Effective Amendment No. 35 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N- 1A, filed on September 29, 1997 (Accession No. 0000950131-97-005862) (PEA No. 35). | |||
| (6) | Addendum No. 5 dated December 1, 1997 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 8(e) to PEA No. 38. | |||
| (7) | Addendum No. 6 dated January 27, 1998 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 8(f) to PEA No. 38. | |||
| (8) | Addendum No. 7 dated March 31, 1998 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(8) to PEA No. 39. | |||
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| (9) | Addendum No. 8 dated October 5, 1999 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(14) to Post- Effective Amendment No. 44 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N- 1A, filed on March 29, 2000 (Accession No. 0000950131-00-002147) (PEA No. 44). | |||
| (10) | Addendum No. 9 dated March 1, 2001 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(15) to PEA No. 48. | |||
| (11) | Addendum No. 10 dated July 31, 2001 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(11) to PEA No. 49. | |||
| (12) | Addendum No. 11 dated October 30, 2001 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(12) to PEA No. 49. | |||
| (13) | Addendum No. 12 dated April 29, 2003 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(19) to PEA No. 53. | |||
| (14) | Addendum No. 13 dated July 29, 2003 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(20) to PEA No. 53. | |||
| (15) | Addendum No. 14 dated May 9, 2008 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(15) to PEA No. 61. | |||
| (16) | Addendum No. 15 dated September 24, 2008 to the Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(16) to PEA No. 62. | |||
| (17) | Foreign Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company dated March 1, 1994 filed as Exhibit 8(g) to PEA No. 38. | |||
| (18) | Addendum No. 1 dated January 22, 1997 to the Foreign Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 8(f) to PEA No. 34. | |||
| (19) | Addendum No. 2 dated January 27, 1998 to the Foreign Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 8(i) to PEA No. 38. | |||
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| (20) | Addendum No. 3 dated March 31, 1998 to the Foreign Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(12) to PEA No. 39. | |||
| (21) | Addendum No. 4 dated October 30, 2001 to the Foreign Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(17) to PEA No. 49. | |||
| (22) | Addendum No. 5 dated July 29, 2003 to the Foreign Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(21) to PEA No. 53. | |||
| (23) | Foreign Custody Monitoring Agreement dated May 1, 2001 between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (g)(18) to Post- Effective Amendment No. 51 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N- 1A, filed on March 28, 2003 (Accession No. 0000950131-03-001758) (PEA No. 51). | |||
| (h) | (1) | Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement dated January 8, 1993 between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 9(a) to PEA No. 38. | ||
| (2) | Addendum No. 1 dated July 1, 1993 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 9(b) to PEA No. 31. | |||
| (3) | Addendum No. 2 dated March 25, 1994 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 9(c) to PEA No. 31. | |||
| (4) | Addendum No. 3 dated January 22, 1997 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 9(d) to PEA No. 34. | |||
| (5) | Addendum No. 4 dated April 22, 1997 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 9(e) to PEA No. 35. | |||
| (6) | Addendum No. 5 dated January 27, 1998 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit 9(f) to PEA No. 38. | |||
| (7) | Addendum No. 6 dated March 31, 1998 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(8) to PEA No. 39. | |||
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| (8) | Addendum No. 7 dated October 5, 1999 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(12) to PEA No. 44. | |||
| (9) | Addendum No. 8 dated March 1, 2001 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(13) to PEA No. 48. | |||
| (10) | Addendum No. 9 dated July 31, 2001 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(12) to Amendment No. 50. | |||
| (11) | Addendum No. 10 dated October 30, 2001 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(11) to PEA No. 49. | |||
| (12) | Addendum No. 11 dated August 20, 2003 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(12) to PEA No. 53. | |||
| (13) | Addendum No. 12 dated February 17, 2006 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(13) to PEA No. 56. | |||
| (14) | Addendum No. 13 dated May 9, 2008 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(14) to PEA No. 61. | |||
| (15) | Addendum No. 14 dated September 24, 2008 to the Revised and Restated Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and The Northern Trust Company filed as Exhibit (h)(15) to PEA No. 62. | |||
| (16) | Shareholder Servicing Plan for Class C and D Shares dated April 27, 1993, as amended on October 5, 1999 and filed as Exhibit (h)(9) to PEA No. 43 and Related Forms of Servicing Agreement as amended on February 13, 2004 filed as Exhibit (h)(13) to PEA No. 53. | |||
| (17) | Service Plan for the Service and Premier Classes of Shares dated January 27, 1998, as amended on February 2, 2001 and filed as Exhibit (h)(10) to PEA No. 48 and Related Forms of Servicing Agreement as amended on February 13, 2004 filed as Exhibit (h)(14) to PEA No. 53. | |||
| (18) | Administration Agreement dated January 1, 2009 between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, N.A. filed as Exhibit (h)(18) to PEA No. 62. | |||
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| (19) | Expense Reimbursement Agreement dated April 1, 2010 by and between the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, N.A. filed as Exhibit (h)(19) to PEA No. 64. | |||
| (i) | None | |||
| (j) | Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP is filed herewith. | |||
| (k) | Not Applicable | |||
| (l) | (1) | Subscription Agreement dated December 8, 1982 with Goldman, Sachs & Co. filed as Exhibit 13 to PEA No. 38. | ||
| (2) | Amendment No. 1 dated May 16, 1983 to Subscription Agreement with Goldman, Sachs & Co. filed as Exhibit 13(a) to PEA No. 38. | |||
| (3) | Amendment No. 2 dated May 19, 1983 to Subscription Agreement with Goldman, Sachs & Co. filed as Exhibit 13(b) to PEA No. 38. | |||
| (4) | Amendment No. 3 dated October 25, 1985 to Subscription Agreement with Goldman, Sachs & Co. filed as Exhibit 13(c) to PEA No. 38. | |||
| (5) | Purchase Agreement dated May 9, 2008 between the Registrant and Eric K. Schweitzer for shares of the Large Cap Index Portfolio filed as Exhibit (l)(5) to PEA No. 61. | |||
| (6) | Purchase Agreement dated September 24, 2008 between the Registrant and Eric K. Schweitzer for shares of the Treasury Portfolio filed as Exhibit (l)(6) to PEA No. 62. | |||
| (m) | Not Applicable | |||
| (n) | Amended and Restated Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 for Operation of a Multi-Class System filed as Exhibit (n)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 52 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on May 15, 2003 (Accession No. 0000950131-03-002944) (PEA No. 52). | |||
| (p) | (1) | Amended Code of Ethics of the Trust adopted August 2, 2000, as revised February 19, 2009 filed as Exhibit (p)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 63 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A, filed on January 28, 2010 (Accession No. 0001193125-10-015597). | ||
| (2) | Amended Code of Ethics of Northern Trust Investments, N.A. dated February 1, 2010, filed as Exhibit (p)(2) to PEA No. 64. | |||
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| (3) | Amended Code of Ethics of Northern Trust Global Investments Limited dated September 13, 2006 filed as Exhibit (p)(4) to PEA No. 57. |
| ITEM 29. | PERSONS CONTROLLED BY OR UNDER COMMON CONTROL WITH THE REGISTRANT |
Registrant is controlled by its Board of Trustees.
| ITEM 30. | INDEMNIFICATION |
Section 3 of Article IV of the Registrants Agreement and Declaration of Trust dated July 1, 1997, as amended, provides for indemnification of the Registrants Trustees and officers under certain circumstances. A copy of such Agreement and Declaration of Trust was filed as Exhibit 1 to Post-Effective Amendment No. 36 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A and is incorporated herein by reference.
Paragraph 7 of the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement dated January 29, 2008 between the Registrant and Northern Trust Global Investments Limited (on behalf of the International Growth Portfolio) and Northern Trust Investments, N.A. (on behalf of all Portfolios) provides for indemnification of Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Northern Trust Global Investments Limited or, in lieu thereof, contribution by the Registrant, under certain circumstances. A copy of the Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement was filed as Exhibit (d)(12) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 59 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A and is incorporated herein by reference.
Article 10 of the Administration Agreement dated January 1, 2009 among the Registrant and Northern Trust Investments, N.A. provides that the Registrant will indemnify Northern Trust Investments, N.A. (the Administrator) against all claims except those resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of the Administrator, or the Administrators breach of confidentiality. A copy of the Administration Agreement was filed as Exhibit (h)(18) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 62 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A and is incorporated herein by reference.
Paragraph 3 of the Distribution Agreement dated March 31, 2009 between the Registrant and Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (NFD) provides that the Registrant will indemnify NFD against certain liabilities relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact except those resulting from the reliance on information furnished to the Registrant by NFD, or those resulting from the willful misfeasance, bad faith or negligence of NFD, or NFDs breach of confidentiality. Paragraph 3 of the Distribution Agreement also provides that NFD will indemnify the Trustees and officers of the Registrant against certain liabilities relating to untrue statements or omissions of material fact resulting from the reliance on information furnished to the Registrant by NFD, and those liabilities resulting from NFDs willful misfeasance, bad faith, negligence or reckless disregard of its duties and obligations under the Distribution Agreement, or NFDs breach of its confidentiality obligations under the Distribution Agreement. A copy of the Distribution Agreement was filed as Exhibit (e)(1) to Post-Effective Amendment No. 64 to Registrants Registration Statement on Form N-1A and is incorporated herein by reference.
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A mutual fund trustee and officer liability policy purchased by the Registrant insures the Registrant and its Trustees and officers, subject to the policys coverage limits and exclusions and varying deductibles, against loss resulting from claims by reason of any act, error, omission, misstatement, misleading statement, neglect or breach of duty.
| ITEM 31. | BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISER |
Northern Trust Investments, N.A. (NTI) and Northern Trust Global Investments Limited (NTGIL), each a subsidiary of The Northern Trust Company (TNTC), an Illinois state chartered bank, serve as co-investment advisers of the International Growth Portfolio, and NTI serves as the investment adviser of each of the other Portfolios. NTI and NTGIL are each referred to as Investment Adviser. TNTC is a principal subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation, a company that is regulated by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System as a financial holding company under the U.S. Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, as amended. NTI is located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603. NTGIL is located at 50 Bank Street, Canary Wharf, London, E14 5NT, United Kingdom. Unless otherwise indicated, NTI, TNTC and NTGIL are referred to collectively as Northern Trust. Set forth below is a list of officers and directors of NTI and NTGIL, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by such officers and directors during the past two years. Most officers and directors of NTI hold comparable positions with TNTC (other than as director), as indicated below, and certain other officers of NTI hold comparable positions with Northern Trust Bank, N.A., a wholly-owned subsidiary of Northern Trust Corporation.
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Abdul Karim, Walid T. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Adams, Bradford S. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Aitcheson, James A. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Alongi, David M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Anast, Angela H. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Antonacci, Jeffrey M. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
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|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Atkins, Stephen G. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Ayres, Scott R. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Azar, Frederick A. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Baldwin, Florette L. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Balon, Jr., Richard E. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Bandar, Walid S. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Baras, Ellen G. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Baron, Tracy L. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Barr, Andrea C. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Bartczyszyn, Michael S. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Baskin, Jeremy M. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Basso, Belinda M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Beckman, Carl P. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President & Treasurer | ||||
| Behar, Gregory S. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Benson, Jacquelyn M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
C-14
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
|
Bergson, Robert H. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Bieber, Christopher Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Blair, Timothy P. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Bleecker, Ali K. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Boeckmann, Eric Vonn Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Bohlin, Andrew P. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Briggs, Julia Bristow Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Browne, Kieran Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Browne, Robert P. Executive Vice President, Director and CIO |
The Northern Trust Company | Executive Vice President | ||
|
Buerckholtz, Elizabeth J. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Bukoll, Martin B. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Burgul, Cevdet Sertan Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Bursua, Brian M. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Carberry, Craig R. Secretary |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Attorney | ||
C-15
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
|
Carlson, Christopher W. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Carlson, Mark D. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Carlson, Robert A. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Carriere, Lisa R. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Carroll, Keith D. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Chico, Michael R. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Clark, Richard L. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Cohodes, Jeffrey D. Executive Vice President, Director and Chief Operating Officer |
The Northern Trust Company | Executive Vice President | ||
|
Connellan, Kevin Anthony Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Costello, Joseph H. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Cousins, Stephen J. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Cristello, John P. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Cubeles, Alain Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Czochara, Susan C. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
C-16
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| DArienzo, Louis R. | Northern Trust Bank, N.A. | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Danaher, James | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Dehnert, Melissa Ann | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Dekhayser, Jordan D. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Delaney, Michael J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Dennehy II, William | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Dering, Michael C. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| DeSantis, Philip S. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Detroy, Timothy J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Diehl, Jr., Joseph R. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Domb, Anna Dvinsky | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Dorsey, Jennifer Ann | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Doucette, Mary S. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Doyle, Michael T. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
C-17
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Driscoll, Peter John | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Drucker, Michael J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Duvall, Margret Eva | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Dwyer, Patrick E. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Ebel, Christopher John | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Egizio, Michael P. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Everett, Steven R. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Ferguson, Jr., John Allen | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Flinn, John E. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Flood, Peter J. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Flowers, Joseph J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Flynn, Mary Ann | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Franklin, Carolyn D. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Freitag, Lee R. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
C-18
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Fronk, Christopher A. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Frost, Mark Fitzgerald | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Geisler, Maria | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Gellen, Sophia S. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Geller, Stephanie L. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Geraghty, Kim Marie | The Northern Trust Company | Former Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Gossett, Mark C. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Director, Executive Vice President & COO | ||||
| Gould, Betty C. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Gregg, Laura Jean | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Griffin, Michelle D. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Halter, Ann M. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Hammer, Alice S. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Hare, William A. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Harrell, Alec | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
C-19
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Harris, Nora J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Hausken, Philip Dale | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Hawkins, Sheri Barker | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Hecimovich, Sandra M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Heckler, Jennifer A. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Heppell, Robert G. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Hersted, Jillian R. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Hest, Stefanie Jaron | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Hickman, Joanne | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Hill, Susan | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Hockley, Jackson L. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Holland, Jean-Pierre | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Honold, Christopher M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Horton, J. Duncan | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Howe, Luke J. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
C-20
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Hudson, Ylondia M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Hurley, William F. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Hyatt, William E. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Hynes, Daniel T. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Inzunza, Richard J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Iwanicki, John W. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Jackson, John | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Jackson, Tamara L. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Jacobs, Peter M. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Jaeger, Christopher J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Jampani, Madhavi Choudary | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Jenkins, John Scott | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Johnson, Amy L. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Johnston, Barbara M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
C-21
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Johnston, Lucia A. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Jorgensen, Joseph H. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Joves, Evangeline Mendoza | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Kalp, Kathleen | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Kane, James P. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Kanter, Ann F. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Katz, Evan S. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Katz, Naomi E. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Kay, Kendall Lee | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Kazaz, Tayfun | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Kenzer, David T. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| King III, Archibald E. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Koch, Deborah L. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Konstantos, John A. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
C-22
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Korytowski, Donald H. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Kotsogiannis, Nikolas | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Kovacs, Michael R. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Krauter, Michael L. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Kresnicka, Kevin R. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Krieg, John L. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| LaBelle, John C. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Latella, Regina J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Leahey, Jodie Terese | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Ledford, Diana L. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Letts, Heather M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Lico, Dennis | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Loftus, Julie M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Logan, Lyle | The Northern Trust Company | Executive Vice President | ||
| Director & Executive Vice President | ||||
C-23
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Ludwig, Jeanne M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Lukic, Mary | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Lupi, Lisa Ann | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Lyne, Cary J. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Lyons, William A. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Maris, George P. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Mastuantuono, Deborah A. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Matteucci, Peter L. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| McCart, Mary Jane | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| McDonald, James D. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| McDougal, Lisa M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| McEldowney, Douglas J. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| McGregor, Timothy T. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Mecca, Melinda S. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
C-24
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Mehta, Ashish R. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Merrit, Hollis E. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Meservey, Marilyn J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President & Assistant Treasurer | ||||
| Mirante, John P. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Mitchell, James L. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Muench, Scott O. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Murphy, Shaun D. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Nass, Curtis A. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Nellans, Charles J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Nelson, Daniel J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Newman, Greg | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Nickey III, William M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Nielson, Lisa M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
|
Northfell, Catherine J. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
C-25
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| OBrien, Thomas E. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| OConnor, Eileen M. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| OConnor, Michael P. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| ORourke, Kevin P. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Ortega, Leigh Ann | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| OShaughnessy, Kevin J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Padilla, Francis R. G. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Pedersen, Brad T. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Peron, Matthew | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Personette, Daniel J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Peters, Michael J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Pincus, Jonathan S. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Pollak, Donald R. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Potter, Ofelia M. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
C-26
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Potter, Stephen N. | The Northern Trust Company | Executive Vice President | ||
|
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer |
||||
| Pries, Katie D. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Provanzana, Beth Marie | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Quinn, Patrick D. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Rakowski, Andrew F. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Rakvin, Chad M. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Reeder, Brent D. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Reller, Jacqueline R. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Renaud, Donna Lee | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Richardson, Kristina Anne | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Robertson, Alan W. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Director | ||||
| Robertson, Colin A. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Rocha, Heather Parkes | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Roncoroni, Jaime Lauren | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
C-27
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
| Runquist, Lori Rae | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Ryan, John D. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Ryer, Alexander D. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| St. Clair, Joyce | The Northern Trust Company | Executive Vice President | ||
| Director | ||||
| Sampson, Jeffrey David | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Santiccioli, Steven J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Schweitzer, Eric K. | The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
| Senior Vice President | ||||
| Sclafani, Guy J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Severs, Matthew C. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Sewell, Vernessa | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Shapley, Brian J. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Shi, Xu | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Shipley, Christopher D. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
| Sodergren, Mark C. | The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
| Vice President | ||||
C-28
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
|
Spartz, Carol J. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Staff, Maggie R. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Stewart, Allison Walpole Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Stoeber, Kurt S. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Stolfi, James R. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Stournaras, Peter C. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Sullivan, Carol H. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Sullivan, Catherine M. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Sullivan, Kevin P. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Szaflik, Carolyn B. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Szostak II, Jon E. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Szymanek, Frank D. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Taylor, James C. Vice President |
Northern Trust Securities, Inc. | Vice President | ||
|
Thomas, Wanda Williams Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
C-29
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
|
Thompson, Jane W. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Trafford, Edward Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Trethaway, Jennifer Kamp Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Executive Vice President | ||
|
Tungol, John Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Turner, Betsy Licht Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Tushman, Matthew R. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Unger, David J. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Van Alstyne, Christopher W. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Varchetto, Brett A. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Vardas, Michael A. Director |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Vigsnes II, Richard Allan Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Vinje, Jens A. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Wagner, Christopher M. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Warland, Jeff M. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
C-30
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTI) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
|
Warner, Scott B. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Wennlund, Lloyd A. Director and Executive Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company Northern Trust Securities, Inc. |
Executive Vice President President |
||
|
Wilkins, Anthony E. Senior Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Senior Vice President | ||
|
Williams, II, Gregory L. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Williams, Thomas C. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Winters, Marie C. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Wolfe, Joseph E. Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Wright, Mary Kay Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Yang, Janet Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Yi, Peter Vice President |
The Northern Trust Company | Vice President | ||
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTGIL) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
|
Acton, Steven Vice President |
None | |||
|
Blake, David Senior Vice President |
None | |||
|
Bowers, Wayne George Senior Vice President |
None | |||
C-31
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTGIL) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
|
Brill, Nigel Vice President |
None | |||
|
Carstens, Jonahtan G. Vice President |
None | |||
|
Clack, Andrew Senior Vice President |
None | |||
|
Cress, Steven M. Senior Vice President |
None | |||
|
Doherty, Joan Vice President |
None | |||
|
Ekers, Martin Senior Vice President |
None | |||
|
Fletcher, Lucien Vice President |
None | |||
|
Fonseka, Jan Vice President |
None | |||
|
Heppell, Robert Vice President |
None | |||
|
Hillery, James Vice President |
None | |||
|
Jackson, Sue Vice President |
None | |||
|
Kasianenko, Andrei Vice President |
None | |||
|
Kenee, Paula M. Senior Vice President |
None | |||
|
Khaw, David Vice President |
None | |||
C-32
|
Name and Position with Investment Adviser (NTGIL) |
Name of Other Company |
Position with Other Company |
||
|
Kilcommons, John Vice President |
None | |||
|
Leifert, Kai Senior Vice President |
None | |||
|
Muniz, Troy Senior Vice President |
None | |||
|
Patel, Himanshu Vice President |
None | |||
|
Pesci, Marcelo Vice President |
None | |||
|
Powell, Jay K. Vice President |
None | |||
|
Robinson, David P. Vice President |
None | |||
|
Rothon, David Senior Vice President |
None | |||
|
Salojarvi, Liisa Vice President |
None | |||
|
Scattergood, Judith Senior Vice President |
None | |||
|
Shah, Bimal Vice President |
None | |||
|
Sharma, Geeta Vice President |
None | |||
|
Smith, Daniel James Vice President |
None | |||
C-33
| ITEM 32. | PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITERS |
| (a) | Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (the Distributor) acts as principal underwriter for the following investment companies as of June 1, 2010: |
Northern Funds
The Distributor is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission as a broker-dealer and is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or FINRA. The Distributor has its principal business address at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.
| (b) | Northern Funds Distributors, LLC (the Distributor) is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Distributors, LLC and an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Foreside Financial Group, LLC. The Distributor is a single-member, Wisconsin, limited liability company. As such, it does not have a board of directors. |
The following is a list of the directors and executive officers of the Distributor:
|
Name |
Address |
Position(s) with Distributor |
||
|
Mark S. Redman |
690 Taylor Road, Suite 150 Gahanna, OH 43230 |
President and Manager | ||
|
Jennifer Hoopes |
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, ME 04101 |
Secretary | ||
|
Paul F. Hahesy |
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, ME 04101 |
Chief Compliance Officer | ||
|
James E. (Ed) Pike |
690 Taylor Road, Suite 150 Gahanna, OH 43230 |
Financial and Operations Principal | ||
|
Richard J. Berthy |
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, ME 04101 |
Treasurer, Vice President and Manager | ||
|
Mark A. Fairbanks |
Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100 Portland, ME 04101 |
Vice President | ||
| (c) | Not Applicable |
| ITEM 33. | LOCATION OF ACCOUNTS AND RECORDS |
The Agreement and Declaration of Trust, By-laws and minute books of the Registrant and all other accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained under Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Rules promulgated thereunder are in the physical possession of The Northern Trust Company and NTI, each located at 50 South LaSalle Street, Chicago, Illinois 60603. Records for Northern Funds Distributors, LLC, the distributor, are located at Three Canal Plaza, Suite 100, Portland, Maine 04101.
C-34
| ITEM 34. | MANAGEMENT SERVICES |
Not Applicable
| ITEM 35. | UNDERTAKINGS |
Not Applicable
C-35
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the Securities Act), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to its Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Chicago and State of Illinois on the 15 th day of June, 2010.
| NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS | ||
| By: |
/ S / L LOYD A. W ENNLUND |
|
| Lloyd A. Wennlund | ||
| President | ||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to Registrants Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date indicated.
|
Name |
Title |
Date |
||
|
/ S / L LOYD A. W ENNLUND Lloyd A. Wennlund |
President (Principal Executive Officer) |
June 15, 2010 | ||
|
/ S / R ANDAL R EIN Randal Rein |
Treasurer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
June 15, 2010 | ||
|
/ S / W ILLIAM L. B AX William L. Bax |
Trustee |
June 15, 2010 | ||
|
/ S / E DWARD J. C ONDON , J R . Edward J. Condon, Jr. |
Trustee |
June 15, 2010 | ||
|
/ S / S HARON G IST G ILLIAM Sharon Gist Gilliam |
Trustee |
June 15, 2010 | ||
|
/ S / S ANDRA P OLK G UTHMAN Sandra Polk Guthman |
Trustee |
June 15, 2010 | ||
|
/ S / M ICHAEL H. M OSKOW Michael H. Moskow |
Trustee |
June 15, 2010 | ||
|
/ S / S TEPHEN N. P OTTER Stephen N. Potter |
Trustee |
June 15, 2010 | ||
|
/ S / M ARY J ACOBS S KINNER Mary Jacobs Skinner |
Trustee |
June 15, 2010 | ||
|
/ S / R ICHARD P. S TRUBEL Richard P. Strubel |
Trustee |
June 15, 2010 | ||
|
/ S / C ASEY J. S YLLA Casey J. Sylla |
Trustee |
June 15, 2010 | ||
C-36
EXHIBIT INDEX
|
Exhibit
|
Description |
|
| (a)(14) | Amendment No. 13 dated February 17, 2010 to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust | |
| (d)(23) | Form of Assumption Agreement among Northern Trust Investments, N.A. and Northern Trust Global Investments Limited | |
| (j) | Consent of Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP | |
C-37
Exhibit (a)(14)
AMENDMENT NO. 13
TO THE DECLARATION OF TRUST OF
NORTHERN INSTITUTIONAL FUNDS
(a Delaware statutory trust)
This Amendment No. 13 (the Amendment) to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Northern Institutional Funds (the Trust) amends, effective February 17, 2010, the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust dated as of July 1, 1997, as amended (the Declaration of Trust).
WHEREAS , under Article V, Section 2 of the Declaration of Trust, the Trustees have full power and authority, in their sole discretion and without obtaining shareholder approval, to abolish any one or more series or classes of shares; and
WHEREAS , on December 14, 2009, the Trustees unanimously voted to terminate and abolish the Small Company Growth Portfolio and the Mid Cap Growth Portfolio in accordance with a plan of liquidation after appropriate notice to the shareholders of each Portfolio.
NOW, THEREFORE , the Declaration of Trust is hereby amended as follows:
1. The Small Company Growth Portfolio is abolished and terminated.
2. The Mid Cap Growth Portfolio is abolished and terminated.
3. All references in the Declaration of Trust to the Declaration shall mean the Declaration of Trust as amended by this Amendment.
4. Except as specifically amended by this Amendment, the Declaration of Trust is hereby confirmed and remains in full force and effect.
Exhibit (d)(23)
FORM OF ASSUMPTION AGREEMENT
AGREEMENT made as of , 2010 among NORTHERN TRUST INVESTMENTS, N.A. (NTI) and NORTHERN TRUST GLOBAL INVESTMENTS LIMITED (NTGIL), each a wholly-owned direct or indirect subsidiary of THE NORTHERN TRUST COMPANY.
WHEREAS, Northern Institutional Funds is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the 1940 Act);
WHEREAS, NTI and NTGIL have been jointly appointed as investment advisers to the International Growth Portfolio (the Portfolio) of Northern Institutional Funds pursuant to an Amended and Restated Investment Advisory Agreement dated January 29, 2008, as amended (the Investment Advisory Agreement); and
WHEREAS, NTI and NTGIL now desire to have NTI be the sole investment adviser with respect to the Portfolio pursuant to the Investment Advisory Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, agree as follows:
1. NTI hereby assumes all rights and obligations of NTGIL under the Investment Advisory Agreement with respect to the Portfolio.
2. NTI and NTGIL hereby represent that (i) the management personnel of NTGIL responsible for providing investment advisory services to the Portfolio under the Investment Advisory Agreement, including the portfolio managers and the supervisory personnel, are employees or associated persons of NTI where they will continue to provide such services for the Portfolio, and (ii) NTI and NTGIL remain subsidiaries of The Northern Trust Company. Consequently, NTI and NTGIL believe that the assumption does not involve a change in actual control or actual management with respect to the investment adviser or the Portfolio.
3. The parties hereby agree that this Assumption Agreement shall be attached to and made a part of the Investment Advisory Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this instrument to be executed by their officers designated below as of the day and year first above written.
| Attest: | NORTHERN TRUST INVESTMENTS, N.A. | |||||||
|
|
By |
|
||||||
| (Authorized Officer) | ||||||||
| Attest: | NORTHERN TRUST GLOBAL INVESTMENTS LIMITED | |||||||
|
|
By |
|
||||||
| (Authorized Officer) | ||||||||
Exhibit (j)
CONSENT OF COUNSEL
We hereby consent to the use of our name and to the references to our Firm under the caption Additional Trust Information Counsel and Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Statement of Additional Information included in Post-Effective Amendment No. 65 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the 1933 Act), of Northern Institutional Funds (File Nos. 2-80543 and 811-03605). This consent does not constitute a consent under Section 7 of the 1933 Act, and in consenting to the use of our name and the references to our Firm under such caption we have not certified any part of the Registration Statement and do not otherwise come within the categories of persons whose consent is required under said Section 7 or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder.
|
/s/ Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP |
| Drinker Biddle & Reath LLP |
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
June 15, 2010