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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 16, 2011

Registration No. 333-            

 

 

 

UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

 

FORM S-1

WHITING USA TRUST II

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

1311

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code No.)

38-7012326

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500

Austin, Texas 78701

(512) 236-6599
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,

including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Michael J. Ulrich

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., Trustee

919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500

Austin, Texas 78701

(512) 236-6599

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)

 

FORM S-3

WHITING PETROLEUM CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware

(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)

1311

(Primary Standard Industrial

Classification Code No.)

20-0098515

(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

1700 Broadway, Suite 2300

Denver, Colorado 80290-2300

(303) 837-1661
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

James J. Volker

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

1700 Broadway, Suite 2300

Denver, Colorado 80290-2300

(303) 837-1661

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number,
including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

with copies to:

 

David P. Oelman, Esq.

Kathryn S. Wilson, Esq.

Vinson & Elkins L.L.P.

1001 Fannin Street, Suite 2500

Houston, Texas 77002-6760

(713) 758-2222

   Benjamin F. Garmer, III, Esq.
John K. Wilson, Esq.
Foley & Lardner LLP
777 East Wisconsin Avenue
Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202-5306
(414) 271-2400

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.   ¨

If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.   ¨

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.   ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.   ¨

If this form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

 

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):

Whiting USA Trust II

 

Large accelerated filer   ¨

  Accelerated filer   ¨   Non-accelerated filer   x      Smaller reporting company   ¨
   

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

    

Whiting Petroleum Corporation

 

Large accelerated filer   x

  Accelerated filer   ¨   Non-accelerated filer   ¨      Smaller reporting company   ¨
   

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

    

 

 

CALCULATION OF REGISTRATION FEE

 

 

Title of Each Class of

Securities to be Registered

 

Proposed
Maximum

Aggregate

Offering Price(1)(2)

 

Amount of

Registration Fee

Units of Beneficial Interest in Whiting USA Trust II

  $385,000,000   $44,121

 

 

 

(1) Includes trust units to be sold upon exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.
(2) Estimated solely for the purpose of calculating the registration fee pursuant to Rule 457(o).

 

 

The co-registrants hereby amend this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the co-registrants shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. Whiting may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

 

Subject to Completion dated December 16, 2011

PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

Whiting USA Trust II

Trust Units

 

 

This is an initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in Whiting USA Trust II. Whiting Petroleum Corporation has formed the trust and, immediately prior to the closing of this offering, will contribute a term net profits interest in oil and natural gas properties to the trust in exchange for              trust units. Whiting is offering all of the trust units to be sold in this offering and will receive all proceeds from the offering. Whiting is an independent oil and gas company engaged in acquisition, development, exploitation, production and exploration activities. Whiting’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WLL.”

There is no current public market for the trust units. Whiting expects that the public offering price will be between $             and $            . The trust intends to apply to have the trust units approved for listing on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WHZ.”

The trust units.     Trust units are units of beneficial interest in the trust and represent undivided interests in the trust. They do not represent any interest in Whiting.

The trust.     The trust will own the net profits interest, which represents the right to receive 90% of the net proceeds from the sale of production from oil and gas properties located in the Rocky Mountains, Permian Basin, Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent regions of the United States held by Whiting. The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE have been produced from such underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent to 10.61 MMBOE attributable to the net profits interest), and the trust will soon thereafter wind up its affairs and terminate.

The trust unitholders.     As a trust unitholder, you will receive quarterly distributions of cash from the proceeds that the trust receives from Whiting pursuant to the net profits interest. The trust’s ability to pay such quarterly cash distributions will depend on its receipt of net proceeds attributable to the net profits interest, which will depend upon, among other things, production quantities, sale prices of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids, costs to produce and develop the oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids and the amount and timing of trust administrative expenses.

Investing in the trust units involves a high degree of risk. Before buying any trust units, you should read the discussion of material risks of investing in the trust units in “ Risk factors ” beginning on page 17 of this prospectus.

These risks include the following:

 

   

The amounts of cash distributions by the trust are subject to fluctuation as a result of changes in oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices.

 

   

Estimates of future cash distributions to unitholders are based on assumptions that are inherently subjective.

 

   

Actual reserves and future production may be less than current estimates, which could reduce cash distributions by the trust and the value of the trust units.

 

   

Risks associated with the production, gathering, transportation and sale of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids could adversely affect cash distributions by the trust.

 

   

The processes of drilling and completing wells are high risk activities.

 

   

The trust and the trust unitholders will have no voting or managerial rights with respect to the underlying properties. As a result, trust unitholders will have no ability to influence the operation of the underlying properties.

 

   

Whiting has limited control over activities on the underlying properties that Whiting does not operate, which could reduce production from the underlying properties, increase capital expenditures and reduce cash available for distribution to trust unitholders.

 

   

The reserves attributable to the underlying properties are depleting assets and production from those reserves will diminish over time. The trust is precluded from acquiring other oil and natural gas properties or net profits interests to replace the depleting assets and production.

 

   

The amount of cash available for distribution by the trust will be reduced by the amount of any costs and expenses related to the underlying properties and other costs and expenses incurred by the trust.

 

   

There has been no public market for the trust units and no independent appraisal of the value of the net profits interest has been performed.

 

   

Conflicts of interest could arise between Whiting and the trust unitholders.

 

   

Trust unitholders have limited ability to enforce provisions of the net profits interest.

 

   

The trust has not obtained a ruling from the IRS regarding the tax treatment of ownership of the trust units. If the IRS were to determine that the trust is not a “grantor trust” for federal income tax purposes, or that the net profits interest is not properly treated as a production payment (and thus could fail to qualify as a debt instrument) for federal income tax purposes, the trust unitholders may receive different and potentially less advantageous tax treatment than that described in this prospectus.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

 

 

     Per
Trust Unit
     Total  

Initial public offering price

   $                    $                

Underwriting discounts(1)

   $                    $                

Proceeds, before expenses, to Whiting(1)

   $                    $                

 

(1) Excludes a structuring fee equal to 0.50% of the gross proceeds of this offering, or approximately $         million, payable to Raymond James & Associates, Inc. for evaluation, analysis and structuring of the trust.

 

 

The underwriters may also exercise their option to purchase from Whiting up to              additional trust units to cover over-allotments, if any, at the initial public offering price, less the underwriting discounts, within 30 days of the date of this prospectus.

The underwriters are offering the trust units as set forth under “Underwriting” beginning on page 96 of this prospectus. Delivery of the trust units will be made on or about                     , 2012.

 

 

RAYMOND JAMES

 

The date of this prospectus is                     , 2012


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LOGO

 

 


Table of Contents

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

     1   

RISK FACTORS

     17   

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

     31   

USE OF PROCEEDS

     32   

WHITING PETROLEUM CORPORATION

     33   

THE TRUST

     35   

PROJECTED CASH DISTRIBUTIONS

     36   

THE UNDERLYING PROPERTIES

     44   

COMPUTATION OF NET PROCEEDS

     68   

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AGREEMENT

     72   

DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST UNITS

     78   

TRUST UNITS ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

     81   

DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

     83   

U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

     84   

STATE TAX CONSIDERATIONS

     93   

ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

     94   

SELLING TRUST UNITHOLDER

     95   

UNDERWRITING

     96   

LEGAL MATTERS

     100   

EXPERTS

     100   

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

     101   

GLOSSARY OF CERTAIN DEFINITIONS

     102   

INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

     F-1   

APPENDIX A — SUMMARY RESERVE REPORT

     A-1   

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus that the trust may authorize to deliver to you. Until                     , 2012 (25 days after the date of this prospectus), federal securities laws may require all dealers that effect transactions in the trust units, whether or not participating in this offering, to deliver a prospectus. This is in addition to the dealers’ obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.

The trust has not, Whiting has not and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. The trust is not, Whiting is not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where an offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus is accurate as of the date on the front cover of this prospectus only.

CONVENTIONS USED IN THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus has been prepared using a number of conventions, which you should consider when reading the information contained herein. Unless the context suggests otherwise, references to:

 

   

the “trust” are to Whiting USA Trust II;

 

   

“Whiting” are to Whiting Petroleum Corporation and its wholly owned subsidiary, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation;

 

   

the “net profits interest” are to the term net profits interest to be conveyed to the trust that represents the right to receive 90% of the net proceeds (as calculated as described in “Computation of net proceeds” beginning on page 68) from Whiting’s interests in the underlying properties;

 

   

the “underlying properties” are to Whiting’s net interests in the oil and natural gas properties to which the net profits interest applies, as described in more detail in “The underlying properties” beginning on page 44;


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the “terminal production amount” are to the 11.79 MMBOE of production that is to be produced and sold (which is the equivalent of 10.61 MMBOE in respect of the trust’s right to receive 90% of the net proceeds from such reserves pursuant to the net profits interest) prior to the termination of the net profits interest (unless earlier terminated as described in “Description of the trust agreement — Termination of the trust; sale of net profits interest” beginning on page 76);

 

   

the “reserve report” are to the reserve report prepared by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc., an independent reserve engineering firm, of the estimates of proved oil and natural gas reserves for the underlying properties as of December 31, 2011, of which a summary is located at the back of this prospectus as Appendix A;

 

   

“production and development costs” are to the lease operating expenses, development costs, production and property taxes, hedge payments made by Whiting to the hedge contract counterparty upon settlements of the hedge contracts, maintenance expenses, postproduction costs (including plugging and abandonment liabilities) and producing overhead, as described in more detail in “Computation of net proceeds” beginning on page 68; and

 

   

the “hedge contracts” are to the contracts to which Whiting is a party at the time of the closing of this offering that relate to the underlying properties, as described in “The underlying properties — Hedge contracts” beginning on page 48.

You will find definitions for terms relating to the oil and natural gas business in “Glossary of certain definitions” beginning on page 102.


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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

This summary highlights information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. To understand this offering fully, you should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the risk factors and the financial statements and notes to those statements. Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this prospectus assumes (1) no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option and (2) the termination of the net profits interest on December 31, 2021.

Whiting USA Trust II was formed in December 2011 by Whiting Petroleum Corporation to own a term net profits interest in certain long-lived, predominantly producing properties located primarily in the Rocky Mountains, Permian Basin, Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent regions of the United States. The net profits interest will entitle the trust to receive 90% of the net proceeds (calculated as described below) from Whiting’s interests in the underlying properties after the effective date of the conveyance of the net profits interest to the trust. The trust will make quarterly cash distributions of substantially all of its quarterly cash receipts of net proceeds attributable to the trust, after deduction of fees and expenses for administration of the trust, to holders of its trust units during the term of the net profits interest. Please read “Computation of net proceeds” beginning on page 68. The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent of 10.61 MMBOE in respect of the trust’s right to receive 90% of the net proceeds from such reserves pursuant to the net profits interest), subject to certain specified exceptions. Please see “Description of the trust agreement — Termination of the trust; sale of the net profits interest” on page 76.

As of December 31, 2011, the total estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties, as estimated in the reserve report, were 18.28 MMBOE with a pre-tax PV10% value of $408.5 million. For an explanation of pre-tax PV10% value and a comparison of pre-tax PV10% value to the standardized measure of oil and gas, please read “— Major producing areas” beginning on page 3. Based on the reserve report, the net profits interest would entitle the trust to receive net proceeds from the sale of production of an estimated 10.61 MMBOE of proved reserves during the term of the net profits interest, calculated as 90% of the proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties expected to be produced during the term of the net profits interest. Based on the reserve report, the total estimated proved reserves attributable to the net profits interest had a pre-tax PV10% value of $323.6 million as of December 31, 2011. The exact rate of production attributable to the underlying properties cannot be predicted. However, because the term of the trust continues until the later of December 31, 2021, or the time when the terminal production amount has been produced and sold, trust unitholders will have the right to participate in additional proceeds attributable to the underlying properties in excess of 10.61 MMBOE in the event such amount is produced and sold prior to December 31, 2021. As of December 31, 2011 and assuming its continued ownership of the underlying properties, the total estimated proved reserves attributable to Whiting’s remaining interest in the underlying properties at the termination of the net profits interest, as estimated in the reserve report, are expected to be 6.49 MMBOE, or approximately 35.5% of total estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties.

The underlying properties include interests in 1,300 gross (390.3 net) producing wells located in 49 predominantly mature fields with established production profiles in 10 states. As of December 31, 2011, approximately 96.4% of estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties during the estimated term of the net profits interest were classified as proved developed producing reserves, 2.3% were classified as proved developed non-producing reserves and 1.3% were classified as proved undeveloped reserves. For the three months ended September 30, 2011, the average daily net production from the underlying properties was approximately 5,007 BOE/d (or 4,507 BOE/d attributable to the net profits interest) and was comprised of approximately 73% oil, 24% natural gas and 3% natural gas liquids. Based on the reserve report, production attributable to the underlying properties is expected to decline at an average year-over-year rate of approximately 8.4% between 2012 and 2021, assuming no additional development drilling or other development expenditures are made on the underlying properties after 2014. Whiting operates approximately 59% and 56% of the estimated proved reserve volumes and pre-tax PV10% value, respectively, of these properties based on the reserve report.

 

 

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Whiting believes that its retained interest in the underlying properties, which entitles it to 10% of the net proceeds from the sale of production attributable to the underlying properties during the term of the net profits interest and all of the net proceeds thereafter, together with its ownership of trust units, if any, will provide incentive for it to operate (or cause to be operated) the underlying properties in an efficient and cost-effective manner. In addition, Whiting has agreed to operate the properties for which it is the operator as a reasonably prudent operator in the same manner that it would operate if these properties were not burdened by the net profits interest. Furthermore, for those properties that it is not the operator, Whiting has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the operator to operate the property in the same manner; however, Whiting’s ability to cause other operators to take certain actions is limited. Please see “Risk factors — Whiting has limited control over activities on the underlying properties that Whiting does not operate, which could reduce production from the underlying properties, increase capital expenditures and reduce cash available for distribution to trust unitholders” beginning on page 20.

The trust will make quarterly cash distributions of substantially all of its quarterly cash receipts of net proceeds attributable to the trust, after deduction of fees and expenses for the administration of the trust, to holders of its trust units during the term of the net profits interest. The first quarterly distribution is expected to be made on or prior to May 30, 2012 to trust unitholders owning trust units on May 20, 2012. The trust’s first quarterly distribution will consist of an amount in cash paid by Whiting equal to the amount that would have been payable to the trust had the net profits interest been in effect during the period from January 1, 2012 through the day prior to close of this offering plus the amount payable under the net profits interest for the period from the day of closing of the offering through March 31, 2012, less any general and administrative expenses and reserves of the trust. Because payments to the trust will be generated by depleting assets and the trust has a finite life with the production from the underlying properties diminishing over time, a portion of each distribution will represent a return of your original investment.

The gross proceeds from the underlying properties used to calculate the net profits interest will fluctuate and will be based on prices realized for oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids attributable to the underlying properties for each calendar quarter during the term of the net profits interest and calculated on an aggregate basis for all these properties. In calculating the net proceeds to be attributed to the trust, Whiting will deduct from the gross proceeds from oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales all production and development costs and amounts that may be reserved for future development, maintenance or operating expenses (which reserve amounts may not exceed $2.0 million at any time), all calculated on an aggregate basis for all of these properties. The production and development costs will be reduced by hedge payments received by Whiting, if any, under the hedge contracts described below and other non-production revenue. If at any time production and development costs should exceed gross proceeds, neither the trust nor the trust unitholders would be liable for the excess costs; the trust, however, would not receive any net proceeds until future net proceeds exceed the total of those excess costs, plus interest at the prevailing money market rate.

Whiting has entered into hedge contracts, which are structured as costless collar arrangements, to hedge approximately 50% of the anticipated oil production from the estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties in the reserve report for the period from                     , 2012 through December 31, 2014. The hedge contracts provide a weighted average fixed floor price of $         and a weighted average fixed ceiling price of $         for this oil production during this period. During the term of the hedge contracts, Whiting expects these contracts will reduce the oil price-related risks inherent in holding interests in oil properties, although they will also limit the potential for upside during the hedged period if oil prices increase. Trust unitholders will be exposed to fluctuations in prices of natural gas and natural gas liquids throughout the term of the trust; and after the hedge contracts terminate on December 31, 2014, trust unitholders’ exposure to fluctuations in oil prices will increase. Under the terms of the conveyance, Whiting will be prohibited from entering into hedging arrangements covering the production from the underlying properties following the completion of this offering.

 

 

 

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MAJOR PRODUCING AREAS

The following table summarizes the estimated proved reserves by region attributable to the net profits interest according to the reserve report, the corresponding pre-tax PV10% value as of December 31, 2011 and the average daily net production attributable to the net profits interest for three months ended September 30, 2011.

 

    Number of
Fields
    Estimated Proved Reserves as of December 31, 2011     Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2011

Average Daily
Net Production
(BOE/d)
 
      Oil(1)
(MBbl)
    Natural
Gas
(MMcf)
    Total
(MBOE)(2)
    % Oil     % of
Total
Reserve
    Pre-Tax
PV10%
Value
(2)(3)
(In
Millions)
    % of Total
Pre-Tax
PV10%
Value
   

Region

                 

Rocky Mountains

    14        4,353        715        4,473        97.3     42.2   $ 146.2        45.2     1,753   

Permian Basin

    17        2,869        10,025        4,540        63.2        42.8        128.1        39.6        1,936   

Gulf Coast

    8        700        2,897        1,182        59.2        11.1        35.6        11.0        648   

Mid-Continent

    10        356        345        413        86.1        3.9        13.7        4.2        170   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

    49        8,278        13,982        10,608        78.0     100.0   $ 323.6        100.0     4,507   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes natural gas liquids.
(2) The amounts in the table reflect the trust’s 90% net profits interest in the reserves attributable to the underlying properties during the term of the trust. Proved reserves reflected in the table above for the net profits interest are derived from oil and natural gas prices calculated using an average of the first-day-of-the month prices for each month within the 12 months ended December 31, 2011, pursuant to current SEC and FASB guidelines, which equal $96.19 per Bbl of oil and $4.12 per MMBtu of natural gas less field transportation, quality and basis differential of $8.94 per Bbl of oil and a premium of $1.88 per Mcf of natural gas, resulting in average field adjusted prices of $87.25 per Bbl of oil and $6.00 per Mcf of natural gas.
(3) Pre-tax PV10% value is considered a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by the SEC and is derived from the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Pre-tax PV10% value is computed on the same basis as the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows but without deducting future income taxes. However, as of December 31, 2011, no provision for federal or state income taxes has been provided because taxable income is passed through to the unitholders of the trust. Therefore, the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows attributable to the net profits interest is equal to the pre-tax PV10% value. The pre-tax PV10% value and the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows do not purport to present the fair value of the oil and natural gas reserves attributable to the net profits interest.

The underlying properties are located in several major onshore producing basins in the continental United States. Whiting believes this broad distribution provides a buffer against regional trends that may negatively impact production or prices. The underlying properties are located in mature fields with established production profiles. The net profits interest excludes Whiting’s interests in the Bakken and Three Forks formations in all regions. See “The underlying properties — Major producing areas” and “The underlying properties — Capital expenditure activities,” respectively, for more detailed descriptions of the underlying properties and the anticipated development plans and capital expenditures relating thereto.

Rocky Mountains Region .    The underlying properties in the Rocky Mountains region are located in Colorado, Wyoming, North Dakota and Montana. These properties consist of 14 fields of which Whiting operates wells in five of these fields. The major fields in this region include the Rangely field (operated by Chevron Corporation and Whiting) that produces from the Weber Sand zone; the Garland field (operated by Marathon Oil Corporation) that produces from the Madison and Tensleep zones; the Cedar Hills field (operated

 

 

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by Continental Resources Inc. and ConocoPhillips) that produces from the Red River zone; and the Whiting-operated Torchlight field that produces from the Madison and Tensleep zones. Whiting operates approximately 18% of the Rocky Mountains region properties based on average daily net production attributable to the net profits interest of 1,753 BOE/d for the three months ended September 30, 2011 from 832 gross (109.2 net) wells. Whiting estimates that the aggregate amount of capital expenditures in the Rocky Mountains region allocated to the underlying properties will be $3.2 million (or $2.9 million attributable to the trust) for 2012 and $17.4 million in aggregate (or $15.7 million attributable to the trust) thereafter.

Permian Basin Region .    The underlying properties in the Permian Basin region are located in Texas and New Mexico. These properties consist of 17 fields of which Whiting operates wells in 12 of these fields. The major fields in this region, all of which are completely or partially operated by Whiting, include the Keystone, South field that produces from the Clear Fork, Wichita Albany and Ellenberger zones; the Martin field that produces from the Clear Fork and Wichita Albany zones; the DEB field that produces from the Wolfcamp zone; the Signal Peak field that produces from the Wolfcamp zone; and the Sable field that produces from the San Andres zone. Whiting operates approximately 84% of these properties based on average daily net production attributable to the net profits interest of 1,936 BOE/d for the three months ended September 30, 2011 from 372 gross (233.4 net) wells. Whiting estimates that the aggregate amount of capital expenditures in the Pemian Basin region allocated to the underlying properties will be $3.1 million (or $2.8 million attributable to the trust) for 2012 and $1.7 million in aggregate (or $1.5 million attributable to the trust) thereafter.

Gulf Coast Region .    The underlying properties in the Gulf Coast region are located in Texas and Mississippi. These properties consist of eight onshore fields of which Whiting operates wells in four of these fields. The major field in this region is the Lake Como field that produces from the Smackover formation and is operated by Whiting. Whiting operates approximately 91% of these properties based on average daily net production attributable to the net profits interest of 648 BOE/d for the three months ended September 30, 2011 from 50 gross (18.7 net) wells. Whiting estimates that the aggregate amount of capital expenditures in the Gulf Coast Region allocated to the underlying properties will be none for 2012 and $0.4 million in aggregate (or $0.3 million attributable to the trust) thereafter.

Mid-Continent Region .    The underlying properties in the Mid-Continent region are located in Michigan, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. These properties consist of 10 fields of which Whiting operates wells in five of these fields. The major field in this region is the Wesson field that produces from the Hogg Sand zone and is operated by Whiting. Whiting operates approximately 88% of these properties based on average daily net production attributable to the net profits interest of 170 BOE/d for the three months ended September 30, 2011 from 46 gross (29.1 net) wells. Whiting estimates no capital expenditures in the Mid-Continent Region during the term of the net profits interest.

KEY INVESTMENT CONSIDERATIONS

The following are some key investment considerations related to the underlying properties, the net profits interest and the trust units:

 

   

Long-lived producing properties .    The mature oil and natural gas properties comprising the underlying properties are long-lived, predominantly producing properties with established production profiles. Based on the reserve report and assuming for purposes of this calculation that no additional development drilling or other development expenditures are made on the underlying properties after 2014, production attributable to the underlying properties is expected to decline at an average year-over-year rate of approximately 8.4% between 2012 and 2021.

 

   

Potential upside from accelerated production.     The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE have been produced from the

 

 

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underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent of 10.61 MMBOE in respect of the trust’s right to receive 90% of the net proceeds from such reserves pursuant to the net profits interest). In the event 11.79 MMBOE is produced and sold prior to December 31, 2021, the trust unitholders will have the right to participate in additional proceeds attributable to the net profits interest in excess of 10.61 MMBOE until December 31, 2021.

 

   

Proved developed producing reserve base .    Proved developed producing reserves may be considered the most valuable and lowest risk category of reserves because production has already commenced and the reserves do not require significant future development costs. As of December 31, 2011, proved developed producing reserves represented 96.4% of the estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties during the estimated term of the net profits interest.

 

   

Strong oil pricing fundamentals.     Based on production for the three months ended September 30, 2011 attributable to the net profits interest, approximately 76% was crude oil and natural gas liquids. According to the US Energy Information Administration (“EIA”) projections, world oil prices are expected to rise gradually over the long term. These projections assume that global economic growth results in higher global oil demand, that limitations on economic access to resources in many areas controlled by countries who are not members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (“OPEC”) restrain the growth of non-OPEC oil production and that OPEC production maintains a relatively constant share of total world supply.

 

   

Diversified well locations .    The underlying properties include interests in 1,300 gross (390.3 net) producing wells in 49 fields located in 10 states. As a result, the loss of production from any one well or geographically concentrated group of wells is not likely to have a material adverse effect on the net proceeds from the sale of production that are attributable to the trust.

 

   

Operational control.     The right to operate an oil and natural gas lease is important because the operator can control the timing and amount of discretionary expenditures for operational and development activities. As of December 31, 2011, Whiting operated approximately 59% and 56% of the estimated proved reserves and pre-tax PV10% value of the underlying properties. Based on production for the three months ended September 30, 2011 attributable to the net profits interest, Whiting operated approximately 59% of the underlying properties.

 

   

Downside oil price protection through December 31, 2014 .    Whiting has entered into costless collar arrangements to hedge approximately 50% of the anticipated oil production from the estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties for the period from                     , 2012 through December 31, 2014. The crude oil hedge contracts are priced with floors ranging from $         to $         and ceilings ranging from $         to $         per Bbl of oil. Assuming production occurs as estimated by the reserve report, this would represent approximately 14.5% of the estimated proved reserves attributable to the net profits interest. The costless collars are intended to provide certain downside price protection while allowing cash flow to be enhanced or maintained during periods of rising commodity prices and corresponding cost increases.

 

   

Recognized sponsor with a successful track record and experienced management .    Whiting Petroleum Corporation is an independent oil and gas company whose common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol of “WLL.” Since its inception in 1980, Whiting has built a strong asset base and achieved steady growth through property acquisitions as well as development and exploration activities. Whiting’s management team averages 28 years of experience in the oil and gas industry and its personnel have extensive operational experience in each of the core geographical areas in which the oil and natural gas properties comprising the underlying properties are located. Additionally, Whiting has sponsored one prior trust, Whiting USA Trust I (NYSE: WHX), which completed its initial public offering in 2008. For more information on Whiting and Whiting USA Trust I, see “Whiting Petroleum Corporation” on page 33.

 

 

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SUMMARY OF ESTIMATED PROVED RESERVES

Summary of estimated proved reserves of underlying properties and net profits interest .    The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2011, certain estimated proved oil (including natural gas liquids) and natural gas reserves and the estimated pre-tax PV10% value attributable to the underlying properties and the net profits interest, in each case derived from the reserve report. The reserve report was prepared by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. in accordance with criteria established by the SEC. A summary of the reserve report is included as Appendix A to this prospectus. Estimated proved reserves reflected in the table below for the underlying properties and the net profits interest are derived from oil and natural gas prices calculated using an average of the first-day-of-the month price for each month within the 12 months ended December 31, 2011, pursuant to current SEC and FASB guidelines, which equal $96.19 per Bbl of oil and $4.12 per MMBtu of natural gas less field transportation, quality and basis differential of $8.94 per Bbl of oil and a premium of $1.88 per Mcf of natural gas. The resulting average field adjusted prices used to estimate the proved reserves in the table below are $87.25 per Bbl of oil and $6.00 per Mcf of natural gas. Oil equivalents in the table are the sum of the Bbls of oil and natural gas liquids and the BOE of the stated Mcfs of natural gas, calculated on the basis that six Mcf of natural gas is the energy equivalent of one Bbl of oil. The estimated future net revenues attributable to the net profits interest as of December 31, 2011, are net of the trust’s proportionate share of all estimated costs deducted from revenue pursuant to the terms of the conveyance creating the net profits interest and include only the reserves attributable to the underlying properties that are expected to be produced within the term of the net profits interest.

 

    As of December 31, 2011  
    Estimated Proved Reserves     Pre-Tax
PV10%
Value(2)
 
    Oil(1)
(MBbl)
    Natural
Gas
(MMcf)
    Oil
Equivalent
(MBOE)
   
                      (in thousands)  

Underlying properties (100%)(3)

    14,687        21,554        18,280      $ 408,503   

Underlying properties (attributable to the net profits interest)(4)

    8,278        13,982        10,608      $ 323,597   

 

(1) Includes natural gas liquids.
(2) The pre-tax PV10% value of the estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties and the net profits interest were determined using a discount rate of 10% per annum. As of December 31, 2011, no provision for federal or state income taxes has been provided because taxable income is passed through to the unitholders of the trust. Therefore, the standardized measures of the underlying properties and the underlying properties attributable to the net profits interest equal their corresponding pre-tax PV10% values, which totaled $408.5 million and $323.6 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2011.
(3) Reflects volumes and pre-tax PV10% value of the estimated total proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties.
(4) Reflects 90% of volumes and pre-tax PV10% value of the estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties expected to be produced within the term of the net profits interest based on the reserve report. Pre-tax PV10% value takes into account future estimated costs in calculating value.

 

 

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Projected production attributable to the net profits interest .    The following graph shows projected production of estimated proved reserves attributable to the net profits interest during the term of the net profits interest based upon the pricing and other assumptions set forth in the reserve report. Cash distributions to unitholders may decline at a faster rate than the rate of production due to fixed and semi-variable costs attributable to the underlying properties or if expected future development or capital expenditures are delayed, reduced or cancelled. Also, the exact rate of production cannot be predicted with certainty and such amount may decline faster than estimated in the reserve report.

LOGO

 

 

 

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HISTORICAL RESULTS OF THE UNDERLYING PROPERTIES

The summary financial data presented below should be read in conjunction with the audited statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses and the unaudited statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses of the underlying properties, the related notes and “The underlying properties — Discussion and analysis of historical results of the underlying properties” beginning on page 46. The following table sets forth revenues, direct operating expenses and the excess of revenues over direct operating expenses relating to the underlying properties for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2010 and 2011, derived from the underlying properties’ audited and unaudited statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited statements were prepared on a basis consistent with the audited statements and, in the opinion of Whiting, include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the revenues, direct operating expenses and the excess of revenues over direct operating expenses relating to the underlying properties for the periods presented.

 

     Year Ended December 31,      Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2008      2009      2010      2010      2011  
     (dollars in thousands)  

Revenues:

              

Oil sales(1)

   $ 159,243       $ 85,826       $ 104,667       $ 77,013       $ 90,711   

Natural gas sales

     34,924         19,791         19,041         14,499         12,537   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

   $ 194,167       $ 105,617       $ 123,708       $ 91,512       $ 103,248   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Direct operating expenses:

              

Lease operating

   $ 35,106       $ 31,935       $ 33,876       $ 24,641       $ 27,287   

Production taxes

     10,992         5,718         6,571         5,117         5,675   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total direct operating expenses

   $ 46,098       $ 37,653       $ 40,447       $ 29,758       $ 32,962   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses

   $ 148,069       $ 67,964       $ 83,261       $ 61,754       $ 70,286   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes natural gas liquids.

The following table provides oil and natural gas sales volumes, average sales prices and capital expenditures relating to the underlying properties for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2010 and 2011. Sales volumes for natural gas liquids are included with oil sales since they were not material. There were no hedges or other derivative activity attributable to the underlying properties during such periods. The following information was not derived from the audited historical revenues and direct operating expenses of the underlying properties.

 

     Year Ended December 31,      Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2008      2009      2010      2010      2011  

Net sales volumes:

              

Oil (MBbl)(1)

     1,755         1,572         1,459         1,096         1,040   

Natural gas (MMcf)

     3,825         4,318         3,335         2,522         2,008   

Total sales volumes (MBOE)

     2,393         2,292         2,015         1,516         1,375   

Average realized sales prices:

              

Oil (per Bbl)(1)

   $ 90.74       $ 54.60       $ 71.74       $ 70.27       $ 87.22   

Natural gas (per Mcf)

   $ 9.13       $ 4.58       $ 5.71       $ 5.75       $ 6.24   

Capital expenditures (in thousands)

   $ 52,971       $ 20,229       $ 25,969       $ 22,125       $ 14,455   

 

(1) Includes natural gas liquids.

 

 

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SUMMARY PROJECTED CASH DISTRIBUTIONS

The following table sets forth a projection of cash distributions to holders of trust units who own trust units as of the record date for the distribution related to oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production for the first quarter of 2012 and continue to own those trust units through the record date for the cash distribution payable with respect to oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production for the last quarter of 2012. For a quarterly projection of cash distributions over the same period, see “Projected cash distributions” beginning of page 36. The table also reflects the methodology for calculating the projected cash distributions. The cash distribution projections were prepared by Whiting for the twelve months ending December 31, 2012 on a cash basis based on the hypothetical assumptions that are described in “Projected cash distributions — Significant assumptions used to prepare the projected cash distributions” beginning on page 40. Actual cash distributions may vary from those presented. Neither Whiting’s independent auditors, nor any other independent accountants or other third parties , have compiled, examined, or performed any procedures with respect to the prospective financial information contained herein, nor have they expressed any opinion or any other form of assurance on such information or its achievability, and assume no responsibility for, and disclaim any association with, the prospective financial information.

The projected financial information was based on the hypothetical assumption that prices for oil and natural gas for each month during the twelve month period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 equal the NYMEX futures prices for oil and natural gas on December 9, 2011 for such month. To estimate the price for natural gas liquids, Whiting used a hypothetical price equal to approximately 68% of the assumed NYMEX price for oil, which is consistent with the historical pricing realized by Whiting for natural gas liquids. The assumed sales prices for oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids are adjusted to reflect differentials, which are the average differences between NYMEX published prices and the prices received by Whiting. For more information about differential assumptions, please see “Projected cash distributions — Significant assumptions used to prepare the cash distributions – Oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices” on page 41.

The projections and the estimates and hypothetical assumptions on which they are based are subject to significant uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of Whiting or the trust. Actual cash distributions to trust unitholders, therefore, could vary significantly based upon events or conditions occurring that are different from the events or conditions assumed to occur for purposes of these projections. Cash distributions to trust unitholders will be particularly sensitive to fluctuations in oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices. See “Risk factors — The amounts of cash distributions by the trust are subject to fluctuation as a result of changes in oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices, subject to the hedge contracts. The hedge contracts will limit the potential for increases in cash distributions due to oil price increases from                     , 2012 through December 31, 2014” on page 17 and “Projected cash distributions — Sensitivity of projected cash distributions to oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production and prices” beginning on page 42, which shows projected effects on cash distributions from hypothetical changes in oil and natural gas prices. As a result of typical production declines for oil and natural gas properties, production estimates generally decrease from year to year, and the projected cash distributions for 2012 shown in the table below are not indicative of distributions for future years. Because payments to the trust will be generated by depleting assets and the trust has a finite life with the production from the underlying properties diminishing over time, a portion of each distribution will represent a return of your original investment. Based on the reserve report, production attributable to the underlying properties is expected to decline at an average year-over-year rate of approximately 8.4% between 2012 and 2021, assuming no additional development drilling or other development expenditures are made on the underlying properties after 2014. However, cash distributions to unitholders may decline at a faster rate than the rate of production due to fixed and semi-variable costs attributable to the underlying properties or if expected future development is delayed, reduced or cancelled. See “Risk factors — The reserves attributable to the underlying properties are depleting assets and production from those reserves will diminish over time. Furthermore, the trust is precluded from acquiring other oil and natural gas properties or net profits interests to replace the depleting assets and production” on page 21.

 

 

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Projected Cash Distributions

   Projection for Year Ending
December 31, 2012(1)
 
     (dollars in thousands, except per Bbl,
Mcf, MMBtu and per trust unit amounts)
 

Underlying properties sales volumes:

  

Oil and natural gas liquids (MBbl)

     1,259   

Natural gas (MMcf)

     2,228   

Assumed NYMEX price:

  

Oil (per Bbl)

   $ 99.35   

Natural gas (per MMBtu)

   $ 3.56   

Assumed realized sales price:

  

Oil (per Bbl)

   $ 89.74   

Natural gas (per Mcf)

   $ 5.03   

Calculation of net proceeds:

  

Gross proceeds:

  

Oil and natural gas liquids sales

   $ 112,985   

Natural gas sales

     11,204   
  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 124,189   
  

 

 

 

Production and development costs:

  

Lease operating expenses

   $ 33,350   

Production taxes

     6,743   

Development costs

     6,306   

Payments made (or received) by Whiting to settle hedge
contracts(2)

       
  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 46,399   
  

 

 

 

Whiting expense reserve(3)

       

Net proceeds

   $ 77,790   

Percentage allocable to net profits interest

     90
  

 

 

 

Total cash proceeds to trust

   $ 70,011   

Trust administrative expenses(4)

     1,000   
  

 

 

 

Projected cash distribution on trust units before state income tax withholdings and reserve for future trust expenses

   $ 69,011   

Trustee reserve for future trust expenses(5)

       

State income tax withholdings(6)

     73   
  

 

 

 

Projected cash distribution on trust units

   $ 68,938   
  

 

 

 

Projected cash distribution per trust unit before state income tax withholdings and reserve for future trust expenses

   $     
  

 

 

 

Projected cash distribution per trust unit

   $     
  

 

 

 

 

(1) The cash distribution projections were prepared by Whiting on a cash basis based on hypothetical assumptions. Actual cash distributions may vary from those presented. For more information about the hypothetical assumptions made in preparing the table above, including the impact of the time lag in receiving oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales proceeds, see “Projected cash distributions — Significant assumptions used to prepare the projected cash distributions” beginning on page 40.

 

 

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(2) Production and development costs will be reduced by hedge payments and other non-production revenue received by Whiting under the hedge contracts. If the hedge payments and other non-production revenue received by Whiting under the hedge contracts exceed production and development costs during a quarterly period, the use of such excess amounts to offset costs will be deferred, with interest accruing on such amounts at the prevailing money market rate, until the next quarterly period when the current and deferred hedge payments and other non-production revenue are less than the applicable production and development costs.
(3) Whiting may reserve from the gross proceeds from sales of production amounts up to a total of $2.0 million at any time for future development, maintenance or operating expenses. However, Whiting does not anticipate funding such reserve between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012, but plans on deducting from the net proceeds only actual costs paid for development, maintenance and operating expenses.
(4) Total general and administrative expenses of the trust on an annualized basis for 2012 are expected to be $1.0 million, which includes an annual administrative services fee to Whiting in the amount of $200,000, the annual fee to the trustees, accounting fees, engineering fees, printing costs and other expenses properly chargeable to the trust.
(5) The trustee may reserve from the cash distribution funds to pay for future trust expenses. However, the trustee does not anticipate funding such reserve between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012.
(6) Represents projected withholding for the state of Montana. See “State tax considerations” beginning on page 93.

WHITING PETROLEUM CORPORATION

Whiting is an independent oil and gas company engaged in acquisition, development, exploitation, production and exploration activities primarily in the Permian Basin, Rocky Mountains, Mid-Continent, Gulf Coast and Michigan regions of the United States. Since Whiting’s inception in 1980, Whiting has built a strong asset base and achieved steady growth through property acquisitions, development and exploration activities. As of December 15, 2011, Whiting’s market capitalization was approximately $5.1 billion and as of December 31, 2010, it had total estimated proved reserves of 304.9 MMBOE. Whiting’s common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol of “WLL.” Whiting’s principal executive offices are located at 1700 Broadway, Suite 2300, Denver, Colorado 80290-2300, and its telephone number is (303) 837-1661.

SUMMARY OF RISK FACTORS

An investment in the trust units involves risks associated with fluctuations in energy commodity prices, the operation of the underlying properties, certain regulatory and legal matters, the structure of the trust and the tax characteristics of the trust units. Please read “Risk factors” beginning on page 17.

 

   

The amounts of cash distributions by the trust are subject to fluctuation as a result of changes in oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices, subject to the hedge contracts. The hedge contracts will limit the potential for increases in cash distributions due to oil price increases from                     , 2012 through December 31, 2014.

 

   

Estimates of future cash distributions to unitholders are based on assumptions that are inherently subjective.

 

   

Actual reserves and future production may be less than current estimates, which could reduce cash distributions by the trust and the value of the trust units.

 

   

Risks associated with the production, gathering, transportation and sale of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids could adversely affect cash distributions by the trust and the value of the trust units.

 

   

The processes of drilling and completing wells are high risk activities.

 

 

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The trust and the trust unitholders will have no voting or managerial rights with respect to the underlying properties. As a result, neither the trust nor the trust unitholders will have any ability to influence the operation of the underlying properties.

 

   

Whiting has limited control over activities on the underlying properties that Whiting does not operate, which could reduce production from the underlying properties, increase capital expenditures and reduce cash available for distribution to trust unitholders.

 

   

Shortages or increases in costs of oil field equipment, services, qualified personnel and supply materials could delay production, thereby reducing the amount of cash available for distribution.

 

   

Whiting or other operators may abandon individual wells or properties that it or they reasonably believe to be uneconomic.

 

   

The reserves attributable to the underlying properties are depleting assets and production from those reserves will diminish over time. Furthermore, the trust is precluded from acquiring other oil and natural gas properties or net profits interests to replace the depleting assets and production.

 

   

The amount of cash available for distribution by the trust will be reduced by the amount of any costs, expenses and reserves related to the underlying properties and other costs and expenses incurred by the trust.

 

   

An increase in the differential or decrease in the premium between the NYMEX or other benchmark price of oil and natural gas and the wellhead price received could reduce cash distributions by the trust and the value of trust units.

 

   

Financial returns to purchasers of trust units will vary in part based on how quickly 11.79 MMBOE are produced from the underlying properties and sold, and it is not known when that will occur.

 

   

If the payments received by Whiting under the hedge contracts and certain other non-production revenue exceed production and development costs during a quarterly period, then the use of such excess amounts to offset production and development costs will be deferred until the next quarterly period when such amounts are less than such costs.

 

   

The trust may lose value as a result of title deficiencies with respect to the underlying properties.

 

   

Under certain circumstances, the trust provides that the trustee may be required to sell the net profits interest and dissolve the trust prior to the expected termination of the trust. As a result, trust unitholders may not recover their investment.

 

   

The disposal by Whiting of its remaining trust units, if any, may reduce the market price of the trust units.

 

   

There has been no public market for the trust units and no independent appraisal of the value of the net profits interest has been performed.

 

   

The market price for the trust units may not reflect the value of the net profits interest held by the trust.

 

   

Conflicts of interest could arise between Whiting and the trust unitholders.

 

   

The trust is managed by a trustee who cannot be replaced except at a special meeting of trust unitholders.

 

   

Trust unitholders have limited ability to enforce provisions of the net profits interest.

 

   

Courts outside of Delaware may not recognize the limited liability of the trust unitholders provided under Delaware law.

 

 

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The operations of the underlying properties may result in significant costs and liabilities with respect to environmental and operational safety matters, which could reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to trust unitholders.

 

   

The operations of the underlying properties are subject to complex federal, state, local and other laws and regulations that could adversely affect the cash distributions to the trust unitholders.

 

   

Climate change legislation or regulations restricting emissions of “greenhouse gasses” could result in increased operating costs and reduced demand for oil and gas which could reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to trust unitholders.

 

   

Federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays as well as adversely affect Whiting’s services.

 

   

The trust’s net profits interest may be characterized as an executory contract in bankruptcy, which could be rejected in bankruptcy, thus relieving Whiting from its obligations to make payments to the trust with respect to the net profits interest.

 

   

If the financial position of Whiting degrades in the future, Whiting may not be able to satisfy its obligations to the trust.

 

   

The trust’s receipt of payments based on the hedge contracts depends upon the financial position of the hedge contract counterparty and Whiting. A default by the hedge contract counterparty or Whiting could reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to the trust unitholders.

 

   

The financial results of the trust may differ from the financial results of Whiting USA Trust I.

 

   

Under certain circumstances, the trust provides that the trustee may be required to reconvey to Whiting a portion of the net profits interest, which may impact how quickly the terminal production amount is produced from the underlying properties for purposes of the net profits interest.

 

   

The trust has not obtained a ruling from the IRS regarding the tax treatment of ownership of the trust units. If the IRS were to determine (and be sustained in that determination) that the trust is not a “grantor trust” for federal income tax purposes, or that the net profits interest is not properly treated as a production payment (and thus could fail to qualify as a debt instrument) for federal income tax purposes, the trust unitholders may receive different and potentially less advantageous tax treatment from that described in this prospectus.

 

   

The tax treatment of an investment in trust units could be affected by recent and potential legislative, judicial or administrative changes and differing opinions, possibly on a retroactive basis.

 

   

Trust unitholders will be required to pay taxes on their share of the trust’s income even if they do not receive any cash distributions from the trust.

 

 

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STRUCTURE OF THE TRUST

Prior to the completion of this offering, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, a wholly-owned subsidiary of Whiting Petroleum Corporation, will contribute the net profits interest to the trust in exchange for              trust units, which it will then distribute to Whiting Petroleum Corporation as a dividend. In connection with the closing of this offering, Whiting Petroleum Corporation will sell to the public approximately 87.0% of these units in this offering, or a total of 100.0% if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full. The following chart shows the relationship of Whiting Petroleum Corporation, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, the trust and the trust unitholders immediately following the closing of this offering, assuming no exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.

LOGO

 

(1) In the event that the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full, the public trust unitholders will own 100.0% of the trust units.

The business and affairs of the trust will be managed by the trustee. Whiting has no ability to manage or influence the operations of the trust. The principal offices of the trust are located at 919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500, Austin, Texas 78701, and its telephone number is (512) 236-6599.

 

 

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THE OFFERING

 

Trust units offered by Whiting

             units, or              units if the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full.

 

Trust units outstanding

             units

 

Use of proceeds

Whiting is offering all of the trust units to be sold in this offering and Whiting will receive all proceeds from the offering. Whiting will pay all underwriting discounts, the structuring fee and the offering expenses associated with this offering. Whiting intends to use the net proceeds from this offering to repay a portion of the debt outstanding under its credit agreement. See “Use of proceeds” on page 32.

 

Proposed NYSE symbol

WHZ

 

Quarterly cash distributions

It is expected that quarterly cash distributions during the term of the trust will be made by the trustee no later than 60 days following the end of each quarter (or the next succeeding business day) to the trust unitholders of record on the 50th day following the end of each quarter. The first distribution is expected to be made on or prior to May 30, 2012 to trust unitholders owning trust units on May 20, 2012. The trust’s first quarterly distribution will consist of an amount in cash paid by Whiting equal to the amount that would have been payable to the trust had the net profits interest been in effect during the period from January 1, 2012 through the day prior to close of this offering plus the amount payable under the net profits interest for the period from the day of closing of the offering through March 31, 2012, less any general and administrative expenses and reserves of the trust.

 

  Actual cash distributions to the trust unitholders will fluctuate quarterly based upon, among other things, production quantities, sales prices of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids, and production and development costs. Because payments to the trust will be generated by depleting assets and the trust has a finite life with the production from the underlying properties diminishing over time, a portion of each distribution will represent a return of your original investment. Oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production from proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties is expected to decline over the term of the net profits interest. See “Risk factors” beginning on page 17.

 

Termination of the trust

The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent of 10.61 MMBOE in respect of the trust’s right to receive 90% of the net proceeds from such reserves pursuant to the net profits interest), and the trust will soon thereafter wind up its affairs and terminate.

 

 

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Summary of income tax consequences

Trust unitholders will be taxed directly on the income from assets of the trust. The net profits interest should be treated as a debt instrument for federal income tax purposes, and a trust unitholder in that event will be required to include in such trust unitholder’s income its share of the interest income on such debt instrument as it accrues in accordance with the rules applicable to contingent payment debt instruments contained in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the corresponding regulations. If the net profits interest is not treated as a debt instrument, then a trust unitholder should be allowed to recoup its basis in the net profits interest through deductions, amortization or otherwise. However, any deductions that may be allowed to an individual trust unitholder in that event may be itemized deductions, the deductibility of which would be subject to limitations that may or may not apply depending upon the trust unitholder’s circumstances. See “U.S. federal income tax consequences” beginning on page 84.

 

 

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RISK FACTORS

You should carefully consider each of the risks described below, together with all of the other information contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus before deciding to invest in the trust units. If any of the following risks develop into actual events, the amount of cash available for distributions to trust unitholders and the value of the trust units could be reduced and investors may not receive a return of their investment in the trust units.

The amounts of cash distributions by the trust are subject to fluctuation as a result of changes in oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices, subject to the hedge contracts. The hedge contracts will limit the potential for increases in cash distributions due to oil price increases from                      , 2012 through December 31, 2014.

The reserves attributable to the underlying properties and the quarterly cash distributions of the trust are highly dependent upon the prices realized from the sale of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. Prices of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids applicable to the underlying properties can fluctuate widely on a quarter-to-quarter basis in response to a variety of factors that are beyond the control of the trust and Whiting. These factors include, among others:

 

   

changes in regional, domestic and global supply and demand for oil and natural gas;

 

   

the actions of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries;

 

   

the price and quantity of imports of foreign oil and natural gas;

 

   

political and economic conditions, including embargoes, in oil-producing countries or affecting other oil-producing activity;

 

   

the level of global oil and natural gas exploration and production activity;

 

   

the effects of global credit, financial and economic issues;

 

   

the level of global oil and natural gas inventories;

 

   

developments of United States energy infrastructure, such as the recent announcement of the planned reversal of the Seaway pipeline from Cushing Oklahoma to the Gulf Coast and the development of liquified natural gas exporting facilities and the perceived timing thereof;

 

   

weather conditions;

 

   

technological advances affecting energy consumption;

 

   

domestic and foreign governmental regulations;

 

   

proximity and capacity of oil and natural gas pipelines and other transportation facilities;

 

   

the price and availability of competitors’ supplies of oil and natural gas in captive market areas;

 

   

the price and availability of alternative fuels; and

 

   

acts of force majeure.

Moreover, government regulations, such as regulation of oil and natural gas gathering and transportation, can adversely affect commodity prices in the long term.

 

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Recent oil prices have been high compared to historical prices. For example, the NYMEX crude oil spot prices per Bbl were $44.60 and $79.36 as of December 31, 2008 and 2009, respectively. Additionally, natural gas prices have been volatile in the recent past. The following table highlights the quarterly average NYMEX price trends for crude oil and natural gas since the first quarter of 2010:

 

     Q1 2010      Q2 2010      Q3 2010      Q4 2010      Q1 2011      Q2 2011      Q3 2011  

Crude Oil (per Bbl)

   $ 78.79       $ 77.99       $ 76.21       $ 85.18       $ 94.25       $ 102.55       $ 89.81   

Natural Gas (per MMBtu)

   $ 5.30       $ 4.09       $ 4.39       $ 3.81       $ 4.10       $ 4.32       $ 4.20   

Whiting has entered into hedge contracts, which are structured as costless collar arrangements, that will hedge approximately 50% of the anticipated oil production from the estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties from                     , 2012 through December 31, 2014. These hedge contracts, however, only cover a portion of the oil volumes and none of the natural gas or natural gas liquids volumes that are expected to be produced during such period. Whiting has not entered into any hedge contracts relating to oil, natural gas or natural gas liquids volumes expected to be produced after 2014, and the terms of the conveyance of the net profits interest will prohibit Whiting from entering into new hedging arrangements following the completion of this offering. As a result, the amounts of the cash distributions to trust unitholders may be subject to significantly greater fluctuation after 2014 as a result of changes in oil and other commodity prices because there will be no hedge contracts in place to reduce the effects of any changes in commodity prices. Furthermore, because of the differentials between NYMEX or other benchmark prices of oil and the wellhead prices received, hedge contracts may not totally offset the effects of price fluctuations. The hedge contracts may also limit the amount of cash available for distribution if oil prices increase above specified levels. In addition, the hedge contracts are subject to the nonperformance of the counterparty and other risks. For a discussion of the hedge contracts, see “The underlying properties — Hedge contracts.”

Lower prices of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids will reduce the amount of the net proceeds to which the trust is entitled and may ultimately reduce the amount of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids that is economic to produce from the underlying properties. As a result, the operator of any of the underlying properties could determine during periods of low commodity prices to shut in or curtail production from the underlying properties. In addition, the operator of these properties could determine during periods of low commodity prices to plug and abandon marginal wells that otherwise may have been allowed to continue to produce for a longer period under conditions of higher prices. Because these properties are mature, decreases in commodity prices could have a more significant effect on the economic viability of these properties as compared to more recently discovered properties. The commodity price sensitivity of these mature wells is due to a culmination of factors that vary from well to well, including the additional costs associated with water handling and disposal, chemicals, surface equipment maintenance, downhole casing repairs and reservoir pressure maintenance activities that are necessary to maintain production. As a result, the volatility of commodity prices may cause the amount of future cash distributions to trust unitholders to fluctuate, and a substantial decline in the price of oil, natural gas or natural gas liquids will likely materially reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to the trust unitholders.

Estimates of future cash distributions to unitholders are based on assumptions that are inherently subjective.

The projected cash distributions to trust unitholders in 2012 contained elsewhere in this prospectus are based on Whiting’s calculations, and Whiting has not received an opinion or report on such calculations from any independent accountants or other third parties. Such calculations are based on assumptions about drilling, production, crude oil and natural gas prices, hedging activities, development expenditures, expenses, and other matters that are inherently uncertain and are subject to significant business, economic, financial, legal, regulatory and competitive risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those estimated. In particular, these estimates have assumed that crude oil and natural gas production is sold in 2012 at assumed realized prices of $89.74 per Bbl in the case of crude oil and $5.03 per Mcf in the case of natural gas. However, actual sales prices may be significantly lower. Additionally, these estimates assume the underlying properties will achieve production volumes in such amounts and at such dates as are set forth in the reserve report; however,

 

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actual production volumes may be significantly lower. If prices or production are lower than expected, the amount of cash available for distribution to trust unitholders would be reduced.

Actual reserves and future production may be less than current estimates, which could reduce cash distributions by the trust and the value of the trust units.

The value of the trust units and the amount of future cash distributions to the trust unitholders will depend upon, among other things, the accuracy of the production and reserves estimated to be attributable to the underlying properties and the net profits interest. Estimating production and reserves is inherently uncertain. Ultimately, actual production, revenues and expenditures for the underlying properties will vary from estimates, and those variations could be material. Petroleum engineers consider many factors and make assumptions in estimating production and reserves. Those factors and assumptions include:

 

   

historical production from the area compared with production rates from other producing areas;

 

   

the assumed effect of governmental regulation; and

 

   

assumptions about future prices of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids, including differentials, production and development costs, gathering and transportation costs, severance and excise taxes and capital expenditures.

Changes in these assumptions may materially alter production and reserve estimates.

The estimated proved reserves attributable to the net profits interest and the pre-tax PV10% value attributable to the net profits interest are based on estimates of reserve quantities and revenues for the underlying properties. See “The underlying properties — Reserve report” for a discussion of the method of allocating proved reserves to the underlying properties and the net profits interest. The quantities of reserves attributable to the underlying properties and the net profits interest may decrease in the future as a result of future decreases in the price of oil, natural gas or natural gas liquids.

Risks associated with the production, gathering, transportation and sale of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids could adversely affect cash distributions by the trust and the value of the trust units.

The revenues of the trust, the value of the trust units and the amount of cash distributions to the trust unitholders will depend upon, among other things, oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production and prices and the costs incurred to exploit oil and natural gas reserves attributable to the underlying properties. Drilling, production or transportation accidents that temporarily or permanently halt the production and sale of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids at any of the underlying properties will reduce trust distributions by reducing the amount of net proceeds available for distribution. For example, accidents may occur that result in personal injuries, property damage, damage to productive formations or equipment and environmental damages. Any costs incurred in connection with any such accidents that are not insured against will have the effect of reducing the net proceeds available for distribution to the trust. In addition, curtailments or damage to pipelines used to transport oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production to markets for sale could reduce the amount of net proceeds available for distribution. Any such curtailment or damage to the gathering systems could also require finding alternative means to transport the oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production from the underlying properties, which alternative means could result in additional costs that will have the effect of reducing net proceeds available for distribution.

The processes of drilling and completing wells are high risk activities.

The processes of drilling and completing wells are subject to numerous risks beyond the trust’s and Whiting’s control, including risks that could delay the current drilling schedule of Whiting or any other operator of an underlying property and the risk that drilling will not result in commercially viable production. Neither Whiting nor any other operator is obligated to undertake any development activities, so any drilling and completion activities will be subject to their reasonable discretion. Further, Whiting’s or any other operator’s future business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or ability to finance its share of planned

 

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development expenditures could be materially and adversely affected by any factor that may curtail, delay or cancel drilling, including the following:

 

   

delays imposed by or resulting from compliance with regulatory requirements;

 

   

pressure or irregularities in geological formations;

 

   

shortages of or delays in obtaining qualified personnel or equipment, including drilling rigs, completion services and CO 2 ;

 

   

equipment failures or accidents;

 

   

adverse weather conditions, such as freezing temperatures, hurricanes and storms;

 

   

reductions in oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices;

 

   

pipeline takeaway and refining and processing capacity; and

 

   

title problems.

In the event that development activities are delayed or cancelled, or development wells have lower than anticipated production, due to one or more of the factors above or for any other reason, estimated future distributions to unitholders may be reduced.

The trust and the trust unitholders will have no voting or managerial rights with respect to the underlying properties. As a result, neither the trust nor the trust unitholders will have any ability to influence the operation of the underlying properties.

Oil and natural gas properties are typically managed pursuant to an operating agreement among the working interest owners of oil and natural gas properties. The typical operating agreement contains procedures whereby the owners of the working interests in the property designate one of the interest owners to be the operator of the property. Under these arrangements, the operator is typically responsible for making decisions relating to drilling activities, sale of production, compliance with regulatory requirements and other matters that affect the property. Neither the trustee nor the trust unitholders have any contractual ability to influence or control the field operations of, and sale of oil and natural gas from, the underlying properties, including underlying properties where Whiting is the operator. Also, the trust unitholders have no voting rights with respect to the operators of these properties and, therefore, will have no managerial, contractual or other ability to influence the activities of the operators of these properties.

Whiting has limited control over activities on the underlying properties that Whiting does not operate, which could reduce production from the underlying properties, increase capital expenditures and reduce cash available for distribution to trust unitholders.

Whiting is currently designated as the operator of approximately 56% of the underlying properties based on the pre-tax PV10% value contained in the reserve report. However, for the 44% of the underlying properties that it does not operate, Whiting does not have control over normal operating procedures or expenditures relating to such properties. The failure of an operator to adequately perform operations or an operator’s breach of the applicable agreements could reduce production from the underlying properties and the cash available for distribution to trust unitholders. The success and timing of operational activities on properties operated by others therefore depends upon a number of factors outside of Whiting’s control, including the operator’s decisions with respect to the timing and amount of capital expenditures, the period of time over which the operator seeks to generate a return on capital expenditures, the inclusion of other participants in drilling wells, and the use of technology, as well as the operator’s expertise and financial resources and the operator’s relative interest in the underlying field. Operators may also opt to decrease operational activities following a significant decline in oil prices. Because Whiting does not have a majority interest in most of the non-operated properties comprising the underlying properties, Whiting may not be in a position to remove the operator in the event of poor performance. Accordingly, while Whiting has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the operator to act as a reasonably prudent operator, it will be limited in its ability to do so.

 

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Shortages or increases in costs of oil field equipment, services, qualified personnel and supply materials could delay production, thereby reducing the amount of cash available for distribution.

The demand for qualified and experienced field personnel to conduct field operations, geologists, geophysicists, engineers and other professionals in the oil and natural gas industry can fluctuate significantly, often in correlation with oil and natural gas prices, causing periodic shortages. Historically, there have been shortages of drilling rigs and other oilfield equipment as demand for rigs and equipment has increased along with the number of wells being drilled. These factors also cause significant increases in costs for equipment, services and personnel. Higher oil and natural gas prices generally stimulate demand and result in increased prices for drilling rigs, crews and associated supplies, equipment and services. Additionally, operations on the underlying properties in some instances require supply materials such as CO 2 for production which could become subject to shortage and increasing costs. Shortages of field personnel, equipment or supply materials or price increases could significantly decrease the amount of cash available for distribution to the trust unitholders, or restrict operations on the underlying properties.

Whiting or other operators may abandon individual wells or properties that it or they reasonably believe to be uneconomic.

Whiting or other operators may abandon any well if it or they reasonably believe that the well can no longer produce oil or natural gas in commercially economic quantities. This could result in termination of the net profits interest relating to the abandoned well.

The reserves attributable to the underlying properties are depleting assets and production from those reserves will diminish over time. Furthermore, the trust is precluded from acquiring other oil and natural gas properties or net profits interests to replace the depleting assets and production.

The net proceeds payable to the trust from the net profits interest are derived from the sale of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids produced from the underlying properties. The reserves attributable to the underlying properties are depleting assets, which means that the reserves attributable to the underlying properties will decline over time. The reserve report reflects that the cumulative past production from the underlying properties through December 31, 2011, represents an aggregate depletion percentage of 86.1% of the estimated ultimate total production from the properties. As a result, the quantity of oil and natural gas produced from the underlying properties is expected to decline over time. The reserves attributable to the underlying properties declined 10.1% from December 31, 2010 to December 31, 2011, and the production attributable to the underlying properties declined 9.3% from the nine months ended September 30, 2010 to the nine months ended September 30, 2011. Based on the reserve report, production attributable to the underlying properties is expected to decline at an average year-over-year rate of approximately 8.4% between 2012 and 2021, assuming the level of development drilling and development expenditures on the underlying properties disclosed elsewhere in this prospectus through 2014 and none thereafter. However, cash distributions to unitholders may decline at a faster rate than the rate of production due to fixed and semi-variable costs attributable to the underlying properties or if expected future development is delayed, reduced or cancelled. Also, the anticipated rate of decline is an estimate and actual decline rates will likely vary from those estimated. The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when the terminal production amount has been produced from the underlying properties and sold.

Future maintenance projects on the underlying properties beyond those which are currently estimated may affect the quantity of proved reserves that can be economically produced from the underlying properties. The timing and size of these projects will depend on, among other factors, the market prices of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids. If operators of the underlying properties do not implement required maintenance projects when warranted, the future rate of production decline of proved reserves may be higher than the rate currently expected by Whiting or estimated in the reserve report. If the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full, Whiting will not own any trust units, which could reduce its incentive to operate the underlying properties in an efficient and cost-effective manner.

 

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The trust agreement will provide that the trust’s business activities will be limited to owning the net profits interest and any activity reasonably related to such ownership, including activities required or permitted by the terms of the conveyance related to the net profits interest. As a result, the trust will not be permitted to acquire other oil and natural gas properties or net profits interests to replace the depleting assets and production attributable to the net profits interest and will not be permitted to enter into any new hedging arrangements.

Because the net proceeds payable to the trust are derived from the sale of depleting assets, the portion of the distributions to unitholders attributable to depletion should be considered a return of capital as opposed to a return on investment. Eventually, the net profits interest may cease to produce in commercial quantities and the trust may, therefore, cease to receive any distributions of net proceeds therefrom.

The amount of cash available for distribution by the trust will be reduced by the amount of any costs, expenses and reserves related to the underlying properties and other costs and expenses incurred by the trust.

The net profits interest will bear its share of all production and development costs and expenses related to the underlying properties, such as lease operating expenses, production and property taxes, development costs and hedge expenses, which will reduce the amount of cash received by the trust and thereafter distributable to trust unitholders. Additionally, amounts may be reserved by Whiting for future development, maintenance or operating expenses (which reserve amounts may not exceed $2.0 million), which will also reduce the amount of cash received by the trust and thereafter distributable to trust unitholders. Accordingly, higher production and development costs and expenses related to the underlying properties will directly decrease the amount of cash received by the trust in respect of its net profits interest. For a summary of these costs for the last three years, see “The underlying properties — Historical results of the underlying properties.” Historical costs may not be indicative of future costs. In addition, cash available for distribution by the trust will be further reduced by the trust’s general and administrative expenses, which are expected to be $1.0 million in 2012. For details about these general and administrative expenses, please see “Description of the trust agreement — Fees and expenses.”

If production and development costs on the underlying properties exceed proceeds of production, the trust will not receive net proceeds until future proceeds from production exceed the total of the excess costs plus accrued interest during the deficit period. If the trust does not receive net proceeds pursuant to the net profits interest, or if such net proceeds are reduced, the trust will not be able to distribute cash to the trust unitholders, or such cash distributions will be reduced, respectively.

An increase in the differential or decrease in the premium between the NYMEX or other benchmark price of oil and natural gas and the wellhead price received could reduce cash distributions by the trust and the value of trust units.

Oil and natural gas production from the underlying properties is usually sold at a discount, but sometimes at a premium to the relevant benchmark prices, such as NYMEX, that are used for calculating hedge positions. A negative difference between the benchmark price and the price received is called a differential and a positive difference is called a premium. The differential and premium may vary significantly due to market conditions, the quality and location of production and other risk factors. Whiting cannot accurately predict oil and natural gas differentials and premiums. Increases in the differential or decreases in the premiums between the benchmark price for oil and natural gas and the wellhead price received could reduce cash distributions by the trust and the value of trust units.

Financial returns to purchasers of trust units will vary in part based on how quickly 11.79 MMBOE are produced from the underlying properties and sold, and it is not known when that will occur.

The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold. The reserve report projects that 11.79 MMBOE will have been produced from the underlying properties and sold by December 31, 2021. However, the exact rate of production cannot be predicted with certainty and such amount may be produced before or after that date. If production attributable to the underlying properties is slower than estimated, then financial returns to purchasers of trust units will be lower (assuming commodity prices are consistent with projections) because cash distributions attributable to such production will occur at a later date.

 

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If the payments received by Whiting under the hedge contracts and certain other non-production revenue exceed production and development costs during a quarterly period, then the use of such excess amounts to offset production and development costs will be deferred until the next quarterly period when such amounts are less than such costs.

If the hedge payments received by Whiting and certain other non-production revenue exceed the production and development costs during a quarterly period, the ability to use such excess amounts to offset production and development costs will be deferred until the next quarterly period when such amounts are less than such costs. If such amounts are deferred, then the applicable quarterly distribution will be less than it would have otherwise been. However, if any excess amounts have not been used to offset costs at the time when the net profits interest terminates, then unitholders will not be entitled to receive the benefit of such excess amounts. Such a scenario could occur if oil prices decline significantly through December 31, 2014 and remained low for the remainder of the term.

The trust units may lose value as a result of title deficiencies with respect to the underlying properties.

The existence of a material title deficiency with respect to the underlying properties could reduce the value of a property or render it worthless, thus adversely affecting the net profits interest and distributions to trust unitholders. Whiting does not obtain title insurance covering mineral leaseholds, and Whiting’s failure to cure any title defects may cause Whiting to lose its rights to production from the underlying properties. In the event of any such material title problem, proceeds available for distribution to trust unitholders and the value of the trust units may be reduced.

Under certain circumstances, the trust provides that the trustee may be required to sell the net profits interest and dissolve the trust prior to the expected termination of the trust. As a result, trust unitholders may not recover their investment.

The trustee must sell the net profits interest if the holders of a majority of the trust units approve the sale or vote to dissolve the trust. The trustee must also sell the net profits interest if the annual gross proceeds attributable to the net profits interest are less than $2.0 million for each of any two consecutive years. The sale of the net profits interest will result in the dissolution of the trust. The net proceeds of any such sale will be distributed to the trust unitholders.

The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent of 10.61 MMBOE in respect of the trust’s right to receive 90% of the net proceeds from such reserves pursuant to the net profits interest). The trust unitholders will not be entitled to receive any net proceeds from the sale of production from the underlying properties following the termination of the net profits interest. Therefore, the market price of the trust units will likely diminish towards the end of the term of the net profits interest because the cash distributions from the trust will cease at the termination of such net profits interest and the trust will have no right to any additional production from the underlying properties after the term of the net profits interest.

The disposal by Whiting of its remaining trust units, if any, may reduce the market price of the trust units.

Whiting will own 13.0% of the trust units after this offering unless the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised. If Whiting sells these units, then the market price of the trust units may be reduced. See “Selling trust unitholder.” Whiting has entered into a lock-up agreement that prohibits it from selling any trust units for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the consent of Raymond James & Associates, Inc, acting as representative of the several underwriters. See “Underwriting.” In connection with the closing of this offering, Whiting and the trust intend to enter into a registration rights agreement pursuant to which the trust will agree to file a registration statement or shelf registration statement to register the resale of the remaining trust units held by Whiting and any transferee of the trust units upon request by such holders. See “Trust units eligible for future sale — Registration rights.”

 

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There has been no public market for the trust units and no independent appraisal of the value of the net profits interest has been performed.

The number of trust units to be delivered to Whiting in exchange for the net profits interest and the initial public offering price of the trust units will be determined by negotiation among Whiting and the underwriters. Among the factors to be considered in determining such number of trust units and the initial public offering price, in addition to prevailing market conditions, will be current and historical oil and natural gas prices, current and prospective conditions in the supply and demand for oil and natural gas, reserve and production quantities estimated for the net profits interest and the trust’s estimated cash distributions. None of Whiting, the trust or the underwriters will obtain any independent appraisal or other opinion of the value of the net profits interest other than the reserve report prepared by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.

The market price for the trust units may not reflect the value of the net profits interest held by the trust.

The trading price for publicly traded securities similar to the trust units tends to be tied to recent and expected levels of cash distributions. The amounts available for distribution by the trust will vary in response to numerous factors outside the control of the trust, including prevailing sales prices of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production attributable to the underlying properties. Consequently, the market price for the trust units may not necessarily be indicative of the value that the trust would realize if it sold the net profits interest to a third-party buyer. In addition, such market price may not necessarily reflect the fact that since the assets of the trust are depleting assets, a portion of each cash distribution paid on the trust units should be considered by investors as a return of capital, with the remainder being considered as a return on investment. As a result, distributions made to a unitholder over the life of these depleting assets may not equal or exceed the purchase price paid by the unitholder.

Conflicts of interest could arise between Whiting and the trust unitholders.

The interests of Whiting and the interests of the trust and the trust unitholders with respect to the underlying properties could at times differ. For example:

 

   

Whiting’s interests may conflict with those of the trust and the trust unitholders in situations involving the development, maintenance, operation or abandonment of certain wells on the underlying properties for which Whiting acts as the operator. Whiting may also make decisions with respect to development costs that adversely affect the underlying properties. These decisions include reducing development costs on properties for which Whiting acts as the operator, which could cause oil and natural gas production to decline at a faster rate and thereby result in lower cash distributions by the trust in the future. Additionally, Whiting’s broad discretion over the timing and amount of development, maintenance, operating expenditures and activities could result in higher costs being attributed to the net profits interest.

 

   

Whiting has the right, subject to significant limitations as described herein, to cause the trust to release a portion of the net profits interest in connection with a sale of a portion of the oil and natural gas properties comprising the underlying properties to which such net profits interest relates. In such an event, the trust is entitled to receive its proportionate share of the proceeds from the sale attributable to the net profits interest released. See “The underlying properties — Abandonment of underlying properties.”

 

   

The trust has no employees and is reliant on Whiting’s employees to operate those underlying properties for which Whiting is designated as the operator. Whiting’s employees are also responsible for the operation of other oil and gas properties Whiting owns, which may require a significant portion or all of their time and resources.

The documents governing the trust generally do not provide a mechanism for resolving these conflicting interests.

 

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The trust is managed by a trustee who cannot be replaced except at a special meeting of trust unitholders.

The business and affairs of the trust will be managed by the trustee. The voting rights of a trust unitholder are more limited than those of stockholders of most public corporations. For example, there is no requirement for annual meetings of trust unitholders or for an annual or other periodic re-election of the trustee. The trust agreement provides that the trustee may only be removed and replaced by a vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding trust units at a special meeting of trust unitholders called by either the trustee or the holders of not less than 10% of the outstanding trust units. As a result, it may be difficult to remove or replace the trustee.

Trust unitholders have limited ability to enforce provisions of the net profits interest.

The trust agreement permits the trustee to sue Whiting on behalf of the trust to enforce the terms of the conveyance creating the net profits interest. If the trustee does not take appropriate action to enforce provisions of the conveyance, your recourse as a trust unitholder would be limited to bringing a lawsuit against the trustee to compel the trustee to take specified actions. The trust agreement expressly limits the trust unitholders’ ability to directly sue Whiting or any other third party other than the trustee. As a result, the unitholders will not be able to sue Whiting to enforce these rights.

Courts outside of Delaware may not recognize the limited liability of the trust unitholders provided under Delaware law.

Under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, trust unitholders will be entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. Courts in jurisdictions outside of Delaware, however, may not give effect to such limitation.

The operations of the underlying properties may result in significant costs and liabilities with respect to environmental and operational safety matters, which could reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to trust unitholders.

Significant costs and liabilities can be incurred as a result of environmental and safety requirements applicable to the oil and natural gas exploration, development and production activities of the underlying properties. These costs and liabilities could arise under a wide range of federal, regional, state and local environmental and safety laws, regulations, and enforcement policies, which legal requirements have tended to become increasingly strict over time. Numerous governmental authorities, such as the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and analogous state agencies have the power to enforce compliance with these laws and regulations and the permits issued under them, oftentimes requiring difficult and costly actions. Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may result in the assessment of administrative, civil and criminal penalties, imposition of cleanup and site restoration costs and liens, and to a lesser extent, issuance of injunctions to limit or cease operations. In addition, claims for damages to persons, property or natural resources may result from environmental and other impacts on the operations of the underlying properties.

Strict, joint and several liability may be imposed under certain environmental laws and regulations, which could result in liability being imposed on Whiting with respect to its portion of the underlying properties due to the conduct of others or from Whiting’s actions even if such actions were in compliance with all applicable laws at the time those actions were taken. Private parties, including the surface estate owners of the real properties at which the underlying properties are located and the owners of facilities where petroleum hydrocarbons or wastes resulting from operations at the underlying properties are taken for reclamation or disposal, may also have the right to pursue legal actions to enforce compliance as well as to seek damages for non-compliance with environmental laws and regulations or for personal injury or property damages. New laws, regulations or enforcement policies could be more stringent and impose unforeseen liabilities or significantly increase compliance costs. If it were not possible to recover the resulting costs for such liabilities or non-compliance through insurance or increased revenues, then these costs could have a material adverse effect on the cash distributions to the trust unitholders. Please read “The underlying properties — Environmental matters and regulation” for more information.

 

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The trust will indirectly bear 90% of all costs and expenses paid by Whiting, including those related to environmental compliance and liabilities associated with the underlying properties. In addition, as a result of the increased cost of compliance, the operators of the underlying properties may decide to discontinue drilling.

The operations of the underlying properties are subject to complex federal, state, local and other laws and regulations that could adversely affect the cash distributions to the trust unitholders.

The development and production operations of the underlying properties are subject to complex and stringent laws and regulations. In order to conduct the operations of the underlying properties in compliance with these laws and regulations, Whiting and the other operators must obtain and maintain numerous permits, approvals and certificates from various federal, state, local and governmental authorities. Whiting and the other operators may incur substantial costs and experience delays in order to maintain compliance with these existing laws and regulations, which could decrease the cash distributions to the trust unitholders. In addition, the costs of compliance may increase or the operations of the underlying properties may be otherwise adversely affected if existing laws and regulations are revised or reinterpreted, or if new laws and regulations become applicable to such operations. Such costs could have a material adverse effect on the cash distributions to the trust unitholders.

The operations of the underlying properties are subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations as interpreted and enforced by governmental authorities possessing jurisdiction over various aspects of the exploration for, and the production of, oil and natural gas. Failure to comply with such laws and regulations, as interpreted and enforced, could have a material adverse effect on the cash distributions to the trust unitholders. Please read “The underlying properties — Environmental matters and regulation.”

Climate change legislation or regulations restricting emissions of “greenhouse gasses” could result in increased operating costs and reduced demand for oil and gas which could reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to trust unitholders.

On December 15, 2009, the EPA published its findings that emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases (“GHGs”) present an endangerment to public heath and the environment because emissions of such gases are, according to the EPA, contributing to the warming of the earth’s atmosphere and other climate changes. Based on these findings, the EPA has begun adopting and implementing regulations that restrict emissions of GHGs under existing provisions of the federal Clean Air Act, including one rule that limits emissions of GHGs from motor vehicles beginning with the 2012 model year. The EPA has asserted that these final motor vehicle GHG emission standards trigger Clean Air Act construction and operating permit requirements for stationary sources, commencing when the motor vehicle standards took effect on January 2, 2011. On June 3, 2010, the EPA published its final rule to address the permitting of GHG emissions from stationary sources under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (“PSD”) and Title V permitting programs. This rule “tailors” these permitting programs to apply to certain stationary sources of GHG emissions in a multi-step process, with the largest sources first subject to permitting. Further, facilities required to obtain PSD permits for their GHG emissions are required to reduce those emissions consistent with guidance for determining “best available control technology” standards for GHGs, which guidance was published by the EPA in November 2010. Also in November 2010, the EPA expanded its existing GHG reporting rule to include onshore oil and natural gas production, processing, transmission, storage, and distribution facilities. This rule requires reporting of GHG emissions from such facilities on an annual basis with reporting beginning in 2012 for emissions occurring in 2011. The underlying properties are subject to these reporting requirements.

In addition, both houses of Congress have considered legislation to reduce emissions of GHGs, and many states have already taken legal measures to reduce emissions of GHGs, primarily through the development of GHG inventories, greenhouse gas permitting and/or regional GHG cap and trade programs. Most of these cap and trade programs work by requiring either major sources of emissions or major producers of fuels to acquire and surrender emission allowances, with the number of allowances available for purchase reduced each year until the overall GHG emission reduction goal is achieved. In the absence of new legislation, the EPA is issuing new

 

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regulations that limit emissions of GHGs associated with our operations which will require us to incur costs to inventory and reduce emissions of GHGs associated with our operations and could adversely affect demand for the oil and natural gas that Whiting produces. Finally, it should be noted that some scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere may produce climate changes that have significant physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, and floods and other climatic events; if any such effects were to occur, they could have an adverse effect on our assets and operations.

Federal and state legislative and regulatory initiatives relating to hydraulic fracturing could result in increased costs and additional operating restrictions or delays as well as adversely affect Whiting’s services.

Hydraulic fracturing is an important and common practice that is used to stimulate production of hydrocarbons from tight formations. The process involves the injection of water, sand and chemicals under pressure into formations to fracture the surrounding rock and stimulate production. Hydraulic fracturing has been utilized in the completion of wells drilled at the underlying properties and Whiting expects it will also be used in the future. The process is typically regulated by state oil and gas commissions. However, the EPA has asserted federal regulatory authority over hydraulic fracturing involving diesel under the Safe Drinking Water Act’s Underground Injection Control Program and has commenced drafting guidance for permitting authorities and the industry regarding the process for obtaining a permit for hydraulic fracturing involving diesel. Industry groups have filed suit challenging the EPA’s recent decision. At the same time, the EPA has commenced a study of the potential environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing activities, with initial results of the study anticipated to be available by late 2012 and final results by 2014. Moreover, the EPA recently announced in October 2011 that it is also launching a study regarding wastewater resulting from hydraulic fracturing activities and currently plans to propose standards by 2014 that such wastewater must meet before being transported to a treatment plant. Other federal agencies are also examining hydraulic fracturing, including the U.S. Department of Energy (“DOE”), the U.S. Government Accountability Office and the White House Council for Environmental Quality. The U.S. Department of the Interior is also considering regulation of hydraulic fracturing activities on public lands. In addition, legislation called the Fracturing Responsibility and Awareness of Chemicals Act (“FRAC Act”) has been introduced in Congress to provide for federal regulation of hydraulic fracturing and to require disclosure of the chemicals used in the fracturing process. Also, some states have adopted, and other states are considering adopting, regulations that could restrict or impose additional requirements relating to hydraulic fracturing in certain circumstances. For example, on June 17, 2011, Texas enacted a law that requires the disclosure of information regarding the substances used in the hydraulic fracturing process to the Railroad Commission of Texas (the entity that regulates oil and natural gas production) and the public. Such federal or state legislation could require the disclosure of chemical constituents used in the fracturing process to state or federal regulatory authorities who could then make such information publicly available. Disclosure of chemicals used in the fracturing process could make it easier for third parties opposing hydraulic fracturing to pursue legal proceedings against producers and service providers based on allegations that specific chemicals used in the fracturing process could adversely affect human health or the environment including groundwater. In addition, if hydraulic fracturing is regulated at the federal level, Whiting’s fracturing activities could become subject to additional permit requirements or operational restrictions and also to associated permitting delays, litigation risk and potential increases in costs. Further, at least three local governments in Texas have imposed temporary moratoria on drilling permits within city limits so that local ordinances may be reviewed to assess their adequacy to address such activities. No assurance can be given as to whether or not similar measures might be considered or implemented in the jurisdictions in which the underlying properties are located. If new laws or regulations that significantly restrict or otherwise impact hydraulic fracturing are passed by Congress or adopted in the states where the underlying properties are located, such legal requirements could make it more difficult or costly for Whiting to perform hydraulic fracturing activities and thereby could affect the determination of whether a well is commercially viable. In addition, restrictions on hydraulic fracturing could reduce the amount of oil and natural gas that Whiting is ultimately able to produce in commercially paying quantities from the underlying properties.

 

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The trust’s net profits interest may be characterized as an executory contract in bankruptcy, which could be rejected in bankruptcy, thus relieving Whiting from its obligations to make payments to the trust with respect to the net profits interest.

Whiting will record the conveyance of the net profits interest in the states where the underlying properties are located in the real property records in each county where these properties are located. The net profits interest is a non-operating, non-possessory interest carved out of the oil and natural gas leasehold estate, but certain states have not directly determined whether a net profits interest is a real or a personal property interest. Whiting believes that the delivery and recording of the conveyance should create a fully conveyed and vested property interest under the applicable state’s laws, but certain states have not directly determined whether this would be the result. If in a bankruptcy proceeding in which Whiting becomes involved as a debtor a determination were made that the conveyance constitutes an executory contract and the net profits interest is not a fully conveyed property interest under the laws of the applicable state, and if such contract were not to be assumed in a bankruptcy proceeding involving Whiting, the trust would be treated as an unsecured creditor of Whiting with respect to such net profits interest in the pending bankruptcy proceeding. Please read “The underlying properties — Title to properties” for more information.

If the financial position of Whiting degrades in the future, Whiting may not be able to satisfy its obligations to the trust.

Whiting operates approximately 56% of the underlying properties based on the pre-tax PV10% value. The conveyance provides that Whiting will be obligated to market, or cause to be marketed, the production related to underlying properties for which it operates. In addition, Whiting is obligated to use the proceeds it receives upon the settlement of the hedge contracts to offset operating expenses relating to the underlying properties, with certain restrictions, as discussed in more detail in “Computation of net proceeds.”

Whiting has entered into hedge contracts, consisting of costless collar arrangements, with an institutional counterparty to reduce the exposure of the revenue from oil production from the underlying properties to fluctuations in crude oil prices in order to achieve more predictable cash flow. The crude oil collar arrangements settle based on the average of the settlement price for each commodity business day in the contract period. In a collar arrangement, the counterparty is required to make a payment to Whiting for the difference between the fixed floor price and the settlement price if the settlement price is below the fixed floor price. Whiting is required to make a payment to the counterparty for the difference between the fixed ceiling price and the settlement price if the settlement price is above the fixed ceiling price. For a detailed description of the terms of these hedge contracts, please read “The underlying properties — Hedge contracts.”

Whiting’s ability to perform its obligations related to the operation of the underlying properties, its obligations to the counterparty related to the hedge contracts and its obligations to the trust will depend on Whiting’s future financial condition and economic performance, which in turn will depend upon the supply and demand for oil and natural gas, prevailing economic conditions and upon financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond the control of Whiting. Whiting cannot provide any assurance that its financial condition and economic performance will not deteriorate in the future. A substantial or extended decline in oil or natural gas prices may materially and adversely affect Whiting’s future business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or ability to finance planned capital expenditures.

The trust’s receipt of payments based on the hedge contracts depends upon the financial position of the hedge contract counterparty and Whiting. A default by the hedge contract counterparty or Whiting could reduce the amount of cash available for distribution to the trust unitholders.

In the event that the counterparty to the hedge contracts defaults on its obligations to make payments to Whiting under the hedge contracts, the cash distributions to the trust unitholders could be materially reduced as the hedge payments are intended to provide additional cash to the trust during periods of lower crude oil prices. In addition, because the hedge contracts are with a single counterparty, the risk of default is concentrated with

 

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one financial institution. Whiting cannot provide any assurance that this counterparty will not become a credit risk in the future. The hedge contracts also have default terms applicable to Whiting, including customary cross default provisions. If Whiting were to default, the counterparty to the hedge contracts could terminate the hedge contracts and the cash distributions to trust unitholders could be materially reduced during periods of lower crude oil prices.

The financial results of the trust may differ from the financial results of Whiting USA Trust I.

As disclosed in this prospectus, Whiting previously participated in the formation and initial public offering of Whiting USA Trust I on April 30, 2008. Given the differences in assets comprising the underlying properties, commodity prices, production and development costs, development schedule, operators of the underlying properties and regulatory environment, among other things, the historical results of operations of the 2008 trust should not be relied on as an indicator of how Whiting USA Trust II will perform. Please see “Whiting Petroleum Corporation.”

Under certain circumstances, the trust provides that the trustee may be required to reconvey to Whiting a portion of the net profits interest, which may impact how quickly the terminal production amount is produced from the underlying properties for purposes of the net profits interest.

If Whiting is notified by a person with whom Whiting is a party to a contract containing a prior reversionary interest that Whiting is required to convey any of the underlying properties to such person or cease production from any well, then Whiting may provide such conveyance with respect to such underlying property or permanently cease production from such well. Such a reversionary interest typically results from the provisions of a joint operating agreement that governs the drilling of wells on jointly owned property and financial arrangements for instances where all owners may not want to make the capital expenditure necessary to drill a new well. The reversionary interest is created because an owner that does not consent to capital expenditures will not have to pay its share of the capital expenditure, but instead will relinquish its share of proceeds from the well until the consenting owners receive payout (or a multiple of payout) of their capital expenditures. In such case, Whiting may request the trustee to reconvey to Whiting the net profits interest with respect to any such underlying property or well. The trust will not receive any consideration for such reconveyance of a portion of the net profits interest. Such reconveyance of a portion of the net profits interest may extend the time it takes for the terminal production amount to be produced from the underlying properties for purposes of the net profits interest.

The trust has not requested a ruling from the IRS regarding the tax treatment of ownership of the trust units. If the IRS were to determine (and be sustained in that determination) that the trust is not a “grantor trust” for federal income tax purposes, or that the net profits interest is not properly treated as a production payment (and thus could fail to qualify as a debt instrument) for federal income tax purposes, the trust unitholders may receive different and potentially less advantageous tax treatment from that described in this prospectus.

If the trust were not treated as a grantor trust for federal income tax purposes, the trust should be treated as a partnership for such purposes. Although the trust would not become subject to federal income taxation at the entity level as a result of treatment as a partnership, and items of income, gain, loss and deduction would flow through to the trust unitholders, the trust’s tax reporting requirements would be more complex and costly to implement and maintain, and its distributions to unitholders could be reduced as a result.

If the net profits interest were not treated as a debt instrument, any deductions allowed to an individual trust unitholder in their recovery of basis in the net profits interest may be itemized deductions, the deductibility of which would be subject to limitations that may or may not apply depending upon the unitholder’s circumstances. See “U.S. federal income tax consequences.”

Neither Whiting nor the trustee has requested a ruling from the IRS regarding these tax questions, and neither Whiting nor the trust can assure that such a ruling would be granted if requested or that the IRS will not challenge this position on audit.

 

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Thus, no assurance can be provided that the opinions and statements set forth in the discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences would be sustained by a court if contested by the IRS. Any contest of this sort with the IRS may materially and adversely impact the market for the trust units and the prices at which trust units trade. In addition, the costs of any contest with the IRS (whether or not such challenge is successful), principally legal, accounting and related fees, will result in a reduction in cash available for distribution to the trust unitholders, and thus will be borne indirectly by the trust unitholders.

Trust unitholders should be aware of the possible state tax implications of owning trust units. See “State tax considerations.”

The tax treatment of an investment in trust units could be affected by recent and potential legislative, judicial or administrative changes and differing opinions, possibly on a retroactive basis.

The U.S. federal income tax treatment of an investment in our trust may be modified by administrative or legislative changes, or by judicial interpretation, at any time, possibly on a retroactive basis. For example, the Health Care and Education Affordability Reconciliation Act of 2010 includes a provision that, in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, subjects an individual having modified adjusted gross income in excess of $200,000 (or $250,000 for married taxpayers filing joint returns) to a “medicare tax” equal generally to 3.8% of the lesser of such excess or the individual’s net investment income, which appears to include interest income derived from investments such as the trust units as well as any net gain from the disposition of trust units. In addition, absent new legislation extending the current rates, beginning January 1, 2013, the highest marginal U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income and long-term capital gains of individuals will increase to 39.6% and 20%, respectively. Moreover, these rates are subject to change by new legislation at any time. Moreover, absent any new legislation affecting the matter, beginning January 1, 2013, itemized deductions that are otherwise allowable will be reduced by the lesser of (i) 3% of adjusted gross income over $100,000 ($50,000 in the case of a separate return by a married individual), as adjusted for inflation and (ii) 80% of the amount of itemized deductions that are otherwise allowable.

Trust unitholders will be required to pay taxes on their share of the trust’s income even if they do not receive any cash distributions from the trust.

Trust unitholders are treated as if they own the trust’s assets and receive the trust’s income and are directly taxable thereon as if no trust were in existence. Because the trust will generate taxable income that could be different in amount than the cash the trust distributes, the trust unitholders will be required to pay any federal income taxes and, in some cases, state and local income taxes on their share of the trust’s taxable income even if they receive no cash distributions from the trust. They may not receive cash distributions from the trust equal to their share of the trust’s taxable income or even equal to the actual tax liability that results from that income.

 

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus contains forward-looking statements about Whiting and the trust that are subject to risks and uncertainties. All statements other than statements of historical fact included in this document, including, without limitation, statements under “Prospectus summary” and “Risk factors” regarding the financial position, business strategy, production and reserve growth, and other plans and objectives for the future operations of Whiting and the trust are forward-looking statements. Such statements may be influenced by factors that could cause actual outcomes and results to differ materially from those projected. Forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties and include statements made in this prospectus under “Projected cash distributions,” statements pertaining to operational activities and costs, and other statements in this prospectus that are prospective and constitute forward-looking statements.

When used in this document, the words “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “projects,” “intends” or similar expressions are intended to identify such forward-looking statements. The following important factors, in addition to those discussed elsewhere in this prospectus, could affect the future results of the energy industry in general, and Whiting and the trust in particular, and could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in such forward-looking statements:

 

   

the effect of changes in commodity prices and conditions in the capital markets;

 

   

uncertainty of estimates of oil and natural gas reserves and production;

 

   

risks incident to the operation and drilling of oil and natural gas wells;

 

   

future production and development costs;

 

   

the inability to access oil and natural gas markets due to market conditions or operational impediments;

 

   

failure of the underlying properties to yield oil or natural gas in commercially viable quantities;

 

   

the effect of existing and future laws and regulatory actions;

 

   

competition from others in the energy industry;

 

   

risks arising out of the hedge contracts; and

 

   

inflation or deflation.

You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. All forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of this prospectus. Neither Whiting nor the trust undertakes any obligation to release publicly any revisions to the forward-looking statements to reflect events or circumstances after the date of this prospectus or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events, unless the securities laws require it.

This prospectus describes other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from expectations of Whiting and the trust, including under the heading “Risk factors.” All written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to Whiting or the trust or persons acting on behalf of Whiting or the trust are expressly qualified in their entirety by such factors.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

Prior to the closing of this offering, Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, will convey the term net profits interest to the trust in consideration for the issuance by the trust of              trust units, which will be distributed as a dividend to Whiting Petroleum Corporation. Whiting will pay underwriting discounts, the structuring fee and estimated expenses of approximately $         million, assuming the underwriters do not exercise their over-allotment option, associated with this offering and will receive all net proceeds from the offering. The estimated net proceeds to Whiting will be approximately $         million, and will increase to approximately $         million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full. Whiting intends to use the net proceeds from this offering to repay a portion of the debt outstanding under its credit agreement. Borrowings under its credit agreement had a weighted average interest rate of 2.4% as of September 30, 2011 and mature in April 2016.

 

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WHITING PETROLEUM CORPORATION

Whiting is a publicly traded, independent oil and natural gas company engaged in acquisition, development, exploitation, production and exploration activities primarily in the Permian Basin, Rocky Mountains, Mid-Continent, Gulf Coast and Michigan regions of the United States. Since 2006, Whiting has focused primarily on organic drilling activity and on the development of previously acquired properties, specifically on projects that it believes provide the opportunity for repeatable successes and production growth. As of December 31, 2010, Whiting had total estimated net proved reserves of 304.9 MMBOE and during the three months ended September 30, 2011, Whiting’s average daily production was 70.7 MBOE. Whiting’s principal executive offices are located at 1700 Broadway, Suite 2300, Denver, Colorado and its telephone number is (303) 837-1661. Its website is http://www.whiting.com. Information on Whiting’s website or any other website is not incorporated by reference into this prospectus and does not constitute part of this prospectus.

The trust units do not represent interests in or obligations of Whiting.

WHITING’S EXPERIENCE WITH PRIOR NET PROFITS INTEREST TRUSTS

Whiting has sponsored one prior net profits interest trust. On April 30, 2008, Whiting completed an initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in Whiting USA Trust I (NYSE: WHX) (the “2008 trust”), a publicly traded trust. Prior to its initial public offering, Whiting conveyed a net profits interest (the “2008 net profits interest”) in certain of its oil and gas properties (the “2008 underlying properties”) to the 2008 trust in exchange for 13,863,889 trust units (the “2008 trust units”). Immediately thereafter, Whiting completed an initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in the 2008 trust, selling 11,677,500 trust units to the public at a price of $20.00 per unit. As of the date of this prospectus, Whiting retains an ownership in the 2008 trust of 2,186,389 units, or 15.8% of the total 2008 trust units issued and outstanding.

The 2008 net profits interest entitles the 2008 trust to receive 90% of the net proceeds from the sale of oil and natural gas production from the 2008 underlying properties, which are located in the Rocky Mountains, Mid-Continent, Permian, and Gulf Coast regions. The 2008 trust had proved reserves attributable to the 2008 net profits interest as of December 31, 2007 of 8.20 MMBOE, which was based on NYMEX oil and natural gas prices as of December 31, 2007 of $96.00 per Bbl of oil and $7.10 per MMBtu of natural gas, and average daily production attributable to the 2008 net profits interest for December 2007 of 4.18 MBOE per day. The 2008 net profits interest will terminate when 9.11 MMBOE (which is equivalent to 8.20 MMBOE attributable to the 2008 net profits interest) have been produced and sold from the 2008 underlying properties, regardless of the date. As of September 30, 2011, on a cumulative accrual basis, 4.72 MMBOE of the total 8.20 MMBOE have been produced and sold and a cumulative 0.02 MMBOE have been divested. Per the 2008 trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q filed with the SEC on November 8, 2011, the 9.11 MMBOE of reserves are projected to be produced by November 30, 2015, based on the 2008 trust’s reserve report for the underlying properties as of December 31, 2010. The production of 9.11 MMBOE by November 30, 2015 would result in the termination of the 2008 net profits interest more than two years prior to the December 31, 2017 termination date projected in the final prospectus relating to the initial public offering of the 2008 trust.

The final prospectus relating to the initial public offering of the 2008 trust set forth a projection for the four initial distributions relating to the twelve months ended December 31, 2008 that totaled $5.00 per 2008 trust unit. Actual distributions for the initial four distributions relating to the twelve months ended December 31, 2008, which totaled $4.897 per 2008 trust unit, were below the projected amounts outlined in such final prospectus due to the unforeseen drop in commodity prices that occurred during the latter half of 2008, primarily due to the economic downturn.

As a result of the differences in assets comprising the underlying properties, commodity prices, production and development costs, development schedule, operators of the underlying properties and regulatory environment, among other things, the historical results of operations of the 2008 trust should not be relied on as

 

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an indicator of how Whiting USA Trust II will perform. In particular, whereas the 2008 net profits interest will terminate upon the production and sale of 9.11 MMBOE of reserves, the net profits interest of Whiting USA Trust II will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE has been produced and sold, allowing for trust unitholders to participate in additional proceeds attributable to the net profits interest in excess of the terminal production amount should that amount be produced and sold prior to December 31, 2021. Trust unitholders should not rely on the potential early termination of the 2008 net profits interest as an indication of Whiting USA Trust II achieving the terminal production amount prior to December 31, 2021.

 

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THE TRUST

The trust is a statutory trust created under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act in December 2011. The business and affairs of the trust will be managed by The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. as trustee. Whiting has no ability to manage or influence the operations of the trust. In addition, Wilmington Trust, National Association will act as Delaware trustee of the trust. The Delaware trustee will have only minimal rights and duties as are necessary to satisfy the requirements of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act. In connection with the completion of this offering, Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, will convey the term net profits interest to the trust in consideration for the issuance by the trust of              trust units, which will be distributed as a dividend to Whiting Petroleum Corporation. The first quarterly distribution is expected to be made on or prior to May 30, 2012 to trust unitholders owning trust units on May 20, 2012. The trust’s first quarterly distribution will consist of an amount in cash paid by Whiting equal to the amount that would have been payable to the trust had the net profits interest been in effect during the period from January 1, 2012 through the day prior to close of this offering plus the amount payable under the net profits interest for the period from the day of closing of the offering through March 31, 2012, less any general and administrative expenses and reserves established for the benefit of the trust.

The trustee can authorize the trust to borrow money to pay trust administrative or incidental expenses that exceed cash held by the trust. The trustee may authorize the trust to borrow from the trustee as a lender provided the terms of the loan are fair to the trust unitholders. The trustee may also deposit funds awaiting distribution in an account with itself, which may be a non-interest bearing account, and make other short-term investments with the funds distributed to the trust. The trustee has no current plans to authorize the trust to borrow money. Whiting has also agreed to post a letter of credit in the amount of $1.0 million in favor of the trustee to be used in the event that the trust has insufficient cash to pay its expenses.

The trust will pay the trustee an administrative fee of $175,000 per year , which escalates annually by 2.5% starting in 2017. The trust will pay the Delaware trustee a fee of $3,500 per year. The trust will also incur legal, accounting, tax and engineering fees, printing costs and other expenses that are deducted by the trust before distributions are made to trust unitholders. The trust will also be responsible for paying other expenses incurred as a result of being a publicly traded entity, including costs associated with annual and quarterly reports to unitholders, tax return and Form 1099 preparation and distribution, NYSE listing fees, independent auditor fees and registrar and transfer agent fees. Total general and administrative expenses of the trust are expected to be approximately $1.0 million in 2012 and annually thereafter, including the administrative services fee payable to Whiting described below.

The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when the terminal production amount has been produced and sold, and the trust will soon thereafter wind up its affairs and terminate.

ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AGREEMENT

In connection with the closing of this offering, the trust will enter into an administrative services agreement with Whiting that will obligate the trust, throughout the term of the trust, to pay to Whiting each quarter an administrative services fee for accounting, bookkeeping and informational services to be performed by Whiting on behalf of the trust relating to the net profits interest. The annual fee, payable in equal quarterly installments, will total $200,000. The administrative services agreement will terminate upon the termination of the net profits interest unless earlier terminated by mutual agreement of the trustee and Whiting.

 

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PROJECTED CASH DISTRIBUTIONS

Immediately prior to the closing of this offering, Whiting will create the term net profits interest through a conveyance to the trust of a term net profits interest carved from its net interests in certain oil and natural gas producing properties, which properties are located primarily in the Rocky Mountains, Permian Basin, Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent regions of the United States. The net profits interest will entitle the trust to receive 90% of the net proceeds from the sale of production of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids attributable to the underlying properties until the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent of 10.61 MMBOE in respect of the trust’s right to receive 90% of the net proceeds from such reserves pursuant to the net profits interest).

The amount of trust revenues and cash distributions to trust unitholders will depend on, among other things:

 

   

oil prices and natural gas prices;

 

   

the volume of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids produced and sold;

 

   

the settlement prices of the hedge contracts;

 

   

lease operating expenses and property taxes;

 

   

development costs;

 

   

production taxes;

 

   

maintenance expenses;

 

   

post production costs, including costs to process natural gas into natural gas liquids;

 

   

reserves by Whiting for future development, maintenance or operating expenses;

 

   

administrative expenses of the trust; and

 

   

cash reserves of the trust.

The following table sets forth a projection of cash distributions on a quarterly and annual basis to holders of trust units who own trust units as of the record date for the distribution related to oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production for the first quarter of 2012 and continue to own those trust units through the record date for the cash distribution payable with respect to oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production for the last quarter of 2012. The table also reflects the methodology for calculating the projected cash distribution. The cash distribution projections were prepared by Whiting for each of the four quarters in 2012 and the twelve months ending December 31, 2012 based on the hypothetical assumptions that are described in “— Significant assumptions used to prepare the projected cash distributions” below. Actual cash distributions may vary from those presented.

Whiting does not as a matter of course make public projections as to future sales, earnings, or other results. However, the management of Whiting has prepared the prospective financial information set forth below to present the projected cash distributions to the holders of the trust units based on the estimates and hypothetical assumptions described below. The accompanying prospective financial information was not prepared with a view toward public disclosure or with a view toward complying with the guidelines established by the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants with respect to prospective financial information, but, in the view of Whiting’s management, was prepared on a reasonable basis, reflects the best currently available estimates and judgments, and presents, to the best of management’s knowledge and belief, the expected course of action and the expected future financial performance of the net profits interest. However, this information is based on estimates and judgments, and readers of this prospectus are cautioned not to place undue reliance on the prospective financial information.

 

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Neither Whiting’s independent auditors, nor any other independent accountants or other third parties, have compiled, examined, or performed any procedures with respect to the prospective financial information contained herein, nor have they expressed any opinion or any other form of assurance on such information or its achievability, and assume no responsibility for, and disclaim any association with, the prospective financial information.

In the view of Whiting’s management, the accompanying unaudited projected financial information was prepared on a reasonable basis and reflects the best currently available estimates and judgments of Whiting related to oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production and operating expenses, based on:

 

   

the oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production estimates contained in the reserve report; and

 

   

production and development costs and reserves by Whiting for future development, maintenance and operating expenditures for the          months ending December 31, 2012.

The projected financial information was based on the hypothetical assumption that prices for oil and natural gas for each month during the twelve-month period from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 equal the NYMEX futures prices for oil and natural gas on December 9, 2011 for such month, as set forth in the table below. To estimate the price for natural gas liquids, Whiting used a hypothetical price equal to approximately 68% of the assumed NYMEX price used in the table below for oil, which is consistent with the historical pricing realized by Whiting for natural gas liquids.

 

    Hypothetical Prices for Oil and Natural Gas for 2012(1)  
    Jan.     Feb.     March     April     May     June     July     Aug.     Sept.     Oct.     Nov.     Dec.  

Oil (per Bbl)

  $ 99.41      $ 99.60      $ 99.75      $ 99.89      $ 99.93      $ 99.80      $ 99.57      $ 99.30      $ 99.04      $ 98.80      $ 98.61      $ 98.39   

Natural Gas (per MMBtu)

  $ 3.32      $ 3.35      $ 3.37      $ 3.41      $ 3.46      $ 3.50      $ 3.55      $ 3.57      $ 3.58      $ 3.61      $ 3.75      $ 4.03   

 

(1) The estimated prices for oil and natural gas are based such month’s NYMEX futures prices for oil and natural gas on December 9, 2011.

The assumed sales prices for oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids are adjusted to reflect differentials, which are the average differences between NYMEX published prices and the prices received by Whiting. For more information about differential assumptions, please see “—Significant assumptions used to prepare the cash distributions — Oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices.” Actual prices paid for oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids expected to be produced from the underlying properties in 2012 will likely differ from these hypothetical prices due to fluctuations in the prices generally experienced with respect to the production of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids, and such prices may be higher or lower than utilized for purposes of the projected financial information. For example, the average monthly closing NYMEX crude oil spot price per Bbl was $96.85 from January 1, 2011 through September 30, 2011, with the monthly closing prices ranging from $79.20 to $113.93 during such period. See “Risk factors — The amounts of cash distributions by the trust are subject to fluctuation as a result of changes in oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices, subject to the hedge contracts. The hedge contracts will limit the potential for increases in cash distributions due to oil price increases from                     , 2012 through December 31, 2014.”

Whiting utilized these production estimates, hypothetical oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices and cost estimates in preparing the projected financial information. This methodology is consistent with the requirements of the SEC for estimating oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves and discounted present value of future net revenues attributable to the net profits interest, other than the use of NYMEX futures prices for oil and natural gas on December 9, 2011 rather than the use of the average of the first-day-of-the month price for each month within the 12 months as required by the rules and regulations of the SEC. The actual production amounts, commodity prices and costs for 2012, however, may differ materially from these estimates and assumptions.

 

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The projections and the estimates and hypothetical assumptions on which they are based are subject to significant uncertainties, many of which are beyond the control of Whiting or the trust. Actual cash distributions to trust unitholders, therefore, could vary significantly based upon events or conditions occurring that are different from the events or conditions assumed to occur for purposes of these projections. Cash distributions to trust unitholders will be particularly sensitive to fluctuations in oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices. See “Risk factors — The amounts of cash distributions by the trust are subject to fluctuation as a result of changes in oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices, subject to the hedge contracts. The hedge contracts will limit the potential for increases in cash distributions due to oil price increases from                     , 2012 through December 31, 2014” and “Projected cash distributions — Sensitivity of projected cash distributions to oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production and prices,” which shows projected effects on cash distributions from hypothetical changes in oil and natural gas prices. As a result of typical production declines for oil and natural gas properties, production estimates generally decrease from year to year, and the projected cash distributions for 2012 shown in the table below are not indicative of distributions for future years. See “— Sensitivity of projected cash distributions to oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production and prices” below which shows projected effects on cash distributions from hypothetical changes in oil and natural gas production. Because payments to the trust will be generated by depleting assets and the trust has a finite life with the production from the underlying properties diminishing over time, a portion of each distribution will represent a return of your original investment. Based on the reserve report, production attributable to the underlying properties is expected to decline at an average year-over-year rate of approximately 8.4% between 2012 and 2021, assuming no additional development drilling or other development expenditures are made on the underlying properties after 2014. However, cash distributions to unitholders may decline at a faster rate than the rate of production due to fixed and semi-variable costs attributable to the underlying properties or if expected future development is delayed, reduced or cancelled. See “Risk factors — The reserves attributable to the underlying properties are depleting assets and production from those reserves will diminish over time. Furthermore, the trust is precluded from acquiring other oil and natural gas properties or net profits interests to replace the depleting assets and production.”

 

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Projected Cash Distributions, Based on Oil, Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids

Production in Reserve Report(1)

 

     Quarter Ending     Year Ending
December 31,
2012
 
     March 31,
2012
    June 30,
2012
    September 30,
2012
    December 31,
2012
   
     (dollars in thousands, except per Bbl, Mcf, MMBtu and trust unit
amounts)
 

Underlying properties sales volumes:

          

Oil and natural gas liquids (MBbl)

     304        323        319        313        1,259   

Natural gas (MMcf)

     394        635        609        590        2,228   

Assumed NYMEX price:

          

Oil (per Bbl)

   $ 99.60      $ 99.87      $ 99.30      $ 98.60      $ 99.35   

Natural gas (per MMBtu)

   $ 3.36      $ 3.45      $ 3.57      $ 3.79      $ 3.56   

Assumed realized sales price:

          

Oil (per Bbl)

   $ 90.32      $ 90.09      $ 89.74      $ 88.83      $ 89.74   

Natural gas (per Mcf)

   $ 4.79      $ 4.90      $ 5.09      $ 5.26      $ 5.03   

Calculation of net proceeds:

          

Gross proceeds:

          

Oil and natural gas liquids sales

   $ 27,457      $ 29,099      $ 28,626      $ 27,803      $ 112,985   

Natural gas sales

     1,886        3,109        3,101        3,108        11,204   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   $ 29,343      $ 32,208      $ 31,727      $ 30,911      $ 124,189   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Production and development costs:

          

Lease operating expenses

   $ 8,367      $ 8,344      $ 8,330      $ 8,309      $ 33,350   

Production taxes

     1,518        1,773        1,751        1,701        6,743   

Development costs

     1,280        702        3,275        1,049        6,306   

Payments made (or received) by Whiting to settle hedge contracts(2)

                                   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

   $ 11,165      $ 10,819      $ 13,356      $ 11,059      $ 46,399   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Whiting expense reserve(3)

                                   

Net proceeds

   $ 18,178      $ 21,389      $ 18,371      $ 19,852      $ 77,790   

Percentage allocable to net profits interest

     90     90     90     90     90
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total cash proceeds to trust

   $ 16,360      $ 19,250      $ 16,534      $ 17,867      $ 70,011   

Trust administrative expenses(4)

     250        250        250        250        1,000   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Projected cash distribution on trust units before state income tax withholdings and reserve for future trust expenses

   $ 16,110      $ 19,000      $ 16,284      $ 17,617      $ 69,011   

Trustee reserve for future trust expenses(5)

                                   

State income tax withholdings(6)

     20        19        18        16        73   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Projected cash distribution on trust units

   $ 16,090      $ 18,981      $ 16,266      $ 17,601      $ 68,938   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Projected cash distribution per trust unit before state income tax withholdings and reserve for future trust expenses

   $        $        $        $        $     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Projected cash distribution per trust unit

   $        $        $        $        $     
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) The cash distribution projections were prepared by Whiting on a cash basis based on hypothetical assumptions. Actual cash distributions may vary from those presented. For more information about the hypothetical assumptions made in preparing the table above, including the impact of the time lag in receiving oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales proceeds, see “— Significant assumptions used to prepare the projected cash distributions” below.

 

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(2) Production and development costs will be reduced by hedge payments and other non-production revenue received by Whiting under the hedge contracts. If the hedge payments and other non-production revenue received by Whiting under the hedge contracts exceed production and development costs during a quarterly period, the use of such excess amounts to offset costs will be deferred, with interest accruing on such amounts at the prevailing money market rate, until the next quarterly period when the current and deferred hedge payments and other non-production revenue are less than the applicable production and development costs.
(3) Whiting may reserve from the gross proceeds from sales of production amounts up to $2.0 million at any time for future development, maintenance or operating expenses. However, Whiting does not anticipate funding such reserve between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012, but plans on deducting from the net proceeds only actual costs paid for development, maintenance and operating expenses.
(4) Total general and administrative expenses of the trust on an annualized basis for 2012 are expected to be $1.0 million, which includes an annual administrative services fee to Whiting in the amount of $200,000, the annual fee to the trustees, accounting fees, engineering fees, printing costs and other expenses properly chargeable to the trust.
(5) The trustee may reserve from the cash distribution funds to pay for future trust expenses. However, the trustee does not anticipate funding such reserve between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012.
(6) Represents projected withholding for the state of Montana. See “State tax considerations.”

SIGNIFICANT ASSUMPTIONS USED TO PREPARE THE PROJECTED CASH DISTRIBUTIONS

Timing of actual distributions .    In preparing the projected cash distributions and sensitivity analysis above, the revenues and expenses of the trust were calculated based on the terms of the conveyance creating the trust’s net profits interest. These calculations are described under “Computation of net proceeds — Net profits interest.” Quarterly cash distributions will be made 60 days following the end of each calendar quarter (or the next succeeding business day) to trust unitholders of record on the 50th day following the end of each calendar quarter. Due to the time lag in receiving oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids sales proceeds, a portion of the net proceeds from one month of oil sales and a portion of the net proceeds from two months, including all of one month, of natural gas and natural gas liquids sales are not included in the distribution with respect to each quarter presented, as well as the full year presented. Instead, such amounts are included in the distribution for the following quarter or year, as applicable. However, the projected distribution for each quarter, as well as for the full year, include all production and development costs incurred in such period.

The first distribution, which will cover the first quarter of 2012, is expected to be made on or about May 30, 2012 to record trust unitholders as of May 20, 2012, and will include sales for oil for the months January through a portion of March 2012, and natural gas and natural gas liquids for the months January through a portion of February 2012. Thereafter, quarterly distributions will generally relate to production of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids for a three month period, including one month of natural gas production from the prior quarter.

Production estimates .    Production estimates for 2012 are based on the reserve report. The reserve report assumed oil and natural gas prices calculated using an average of the first-day-of-the month price for each month within the 12 months ended December 31, 2011, which equaled $96.19 ($87.25 field adjusted) per Bbl of oil, $4.12 per MMBtu ($6.00 field adjusted per Mcf) of natural gas. Production from the underlying properties for 2012 is estimated to be 1,259 MBbls of oil and 2,228 MMcf of natural gas. See “— Oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices” below for a description of changes in production due to price variations. The projected decrease in estimated production for the projected period is primarily the result of normal production decline. Whiting expects annual production attributable to the underlying properties to decline at an average year-over-year rate of approximately 8.4% between 2012 and 2021, assuming no additional development drilling or other development expenditures are made on the underlying properties after 2014. Differing levels of production will result in different levels of distributions and cash returns.

When oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices decline, the operators of the underlying properties may elect to reduce or completely suspend production. The projections assume no such reductions or suspensions of production occur in 2012.

 

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Oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices .    Hypothetical oil and natural gas prices assumed in the projected cash distribution table are based on NYMEX futures prices for oil and natural gas on December 9, 2011 and adjusted as described in more detail above in “— Projected cash distributions.” Published NYMEX benchmark prices for crude oil are based upon an assumed light, sweet crude oil of a particular gravity that is stored in Cushing, Oklahoma while published NYMEX benchmark prices for natural gas are based upon delivery at the Henry Hub in Louisiana. These prices differ from the average or actual price received for production attributable to the underlying properties. Differentials between published oil and natural gas prices and the prices actually received for the oil and natural gas production may vary significantly due to market conditions, transportation costs and other factors.

For 2012, $8.80 per Bbl is deducted from the assumed sales price for crude oil to reflect the differential, which is based on the average difference between the NYMEX published price of crude oil and the price received by Whiting for oil production attributable to the underlying properties during the year ended December 31, 2011. This deduction is based on Whiting’s estimate of the average difference between the NYMEX published price of crude oil and the price to be received by Whiting for production attributable to the underlying properties during 2012. Assumed average oil prices appearing in this prospectus have been adjusted for these differentials. Because there is no hedge in place for natural gas liquids, Whiting used a hypothetical price equal to approximately 68% of the assumed NYMEX price used in the projected cash distribution table for oil, which is consistent with the historical pricing realized by Whiting for natural gas liquids.

In the cash distribution table, $1.47 per Mcf is added to the assumed sales price for natural gas in 2012 to reflect the differential, which is based on the average difference between the NYMEX published price of natural gas and the price received by Whiting for natural gas production attributable to the underlying properties during the year ended December 31, 2011. This addition is based on Whiting’s estimate of the average difference between the NYMEX published price of natural gas and the price to be received by Whiting for production attributable to the underlying properties during 2012.

The adjustments to published oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices applied in the above projected cash distribution estimate are based upon an analysis by Whiting of the historic price differentials for production from the underlying properties with consideration given to gravity, quality and transportation and marketing costs that may affect these differentials in 2012. There is no assurance that these assumed differentials will occur in 2012.

Settlement of hedge contracts .    Whiting has entered into costless collar arrangements with respect to          Bbls of oil expected to be produced from the underlying properties during 2012. The hedge contracts are priced with a weighted average floor of $         and weighted average ceiling of $         per Bbl of oil. The hedge contracts are assumed to not have any impact on the projected cash proceeds because the floors are under and the ceilings are above the hypothetical oil prices assumed in the projected cash distribution table.

Production and development costs and reserve .    For 2012, Whiting estimates lease operating expenses to be $33.4 million and production taxes to be $6.7 million. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, lease operating expenses were $27.3 million and production taxes were $5.7 million. Whiting estimates development costs to be $6.3 million, which is based on Whiting’s development plans for the underlying properties for which it operates and information provided by other operators for the underlying properties not operated by Whiting, and assumes that Whiting and other operators do not increase capital expenditure budgets. Additionally, although Whiting may reserve from the gross proceeds up to $2.0 million for future development, maintenance and operating expenses, Whiting does not anticipate funding such reserve between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2012, but plans on deducting from the net proceeds only actual costs paid for development, maintenance and operating expenses. For a description of production expenses and the reserve, see “Computation of net proceeds — Net profits interest.”

Administrative expense .    Trust administrative expense for 2012 is expected to be $1.0 million. See “The trust.”

 

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SENSITIVITY OF PROJECTED CASH DISTRIBUTIONS TO OIL, NATURAL GAS AND NATURAL GAS LIQUIDS PRODUCTION AND PRICES

The amount of revenues of the trust and cash distributions to the trust unitholders will be directly dependent on the sales price for oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production sold from the underlying properties, the volumes of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids produced attributable to the underlying properties, payments made under the hedge contracts and, to some degree, the level of variations in lease operating expenses, development costs and production and property taxes.

The table below sets forth sensitivity analyses of annual cash distributions per trust unit for the year ending December 31, 2012, on the assumption that a trust unitholder purchased a trust unit on January 1, 2012, and held such trust unit until the quarterly record date for distributions made with respect to oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production in the last quarter of 2012, based upon: (1) the assumption that a total of             trust units are issued and outstanding after the closing of the offering made hereby; (2) various realizations of production levels estimated in the reserve report; (3) various hypothetical commodity prices based upon NYMEX futures prices for oil and natural gas on December 9, 2011; (4) the impact of the hedge contracts entered into by Whiting that relate to production from the underlying properties; and (5) other assumptions described below under “— Significant assumptions used to prepare the projected cash distributions.” The hypothetical commodity prices of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production shown have been chosen solely for illustrative purposes.

The table below is not a projection or forecast of the actual or estimated results from an investment in the trust units. The purpose of the table below is to illustrate the sensitivity of cash distributions to changes in oil and natural gas production levels and changes in oil and natural gas prices (giving effect to the hedge contracts that are in place in 2012). There is no assurance that the hypothetical assumptions described below will actually occur or that production or NYMEX futures prices will not change by amounts different from those shown in the table.

Whiting has entered into certain hedge contracts related to the oil production from the underlying properties for the period from                     , 2012 through December 31, 2014. These hedge contracts are costless collar arrangements that hedge approximately 50% of the anticipated oil production attributable to the underlying properties. The crude oil hedge contracts are priced with floors ranging from $         to $         and ceilings ranging from $         to $         per Bbl of oil. Whiting will not enter into any hedge contracts related to natural gas production from the underlying properties. Additionally, Whiting will not enter into any hedge contracts related to production from the underlying properties for periods after 2014 and, therefore, cash distributions for those periods are expected to fluctuate significantly as a result of changes in oil and natural gas prices after that time. See “Risk factors” for a discussion of various items that could impact production levels and the prices of oil and natural gas.

 

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Sensitivity of Total 2012 Projected Cash Distribution Per Trust Unit

to Changes in Estimated Oil and Natural Gas Production and NYMEX Futures Pricing

 

LOGO              
              % of 2012 NYMEX Futures Pricing(2)
          70%    80%    90%    100%    110%    120%    130%
   85%                     
   90%                     
   95%                     
   100%                     
   105%                     
   110%                     
   115%                     

 

(1) Estimated oil and natural gas production is based on the reserve report, and the sensitivity analysis assumes there will be no variation by location and that oil and natural gas production will continue to represent the same percentage of total production as estimated in the reserve report.
(2) Based on an assumed NYMEX price of $99.35 per Bbl in the case of oil and $3.56 per MMBtu in the case of natural gas.

 

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THE UNDERLYING PROPERTIES

The underlying properties consist of Whiting’s net interests in certain oil and natural gas producing properties as of the date of the conveyance of the net profits interest to the trust, which properties are long lived, predominately producing properties located primarily in the Rocky Mountains, Permian Basin, Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent regions of the United States. The underlying properties include interests in 1,300 gross (390.3 net) producing wells located in 49 predominantly mature fields with established production profiles in 10 states. As of December 31, 2011, approximately 96.4% of estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties during the estimated term of the net profits interest were classified as proved developed producing reserves, 2.3% were classified as proved developed non-producing reserves and 1.3% were classified as proved undeveloped reserves. For the three months ended September 30, 2011, the average daily net production from the underlying properties was approximately 5,007 BOE/d (or 4,507 BOE/d attributable to the net profits interest) and was comprised of approximately 73% oil, 24% natural gas and 3% natural gas liquids. Whiting operates approximately 59% and 56% of the estimated proved reserve volumes and pre-tax PV10% value, respectively, of these properties based on the reserve report.

Whiting’s interests in the oil and natural gas properties comprising the underlying properties require Whiting to bear its proportionate share, along with the other working interest owners, of the costs of development and operation of such properties. Many of the properties comprising the underlying properties that are operated by Whiting are burdened by non-working interests owned by third parties, consisting primarily of royalty interests retained by the owners of the land subject to the working interests. These landowners’ royalty interests typically entitle the landowner to receive at least 12.5% of the revenue derived from oil and natural gas production resulting from wells drilled on the landowner’s land, without any deduction for drilling costs or other costs related to production of oil and natural gas. A working interest percentage represents a working interest owner’s proportionate ownership interest in a property in relation to all other working interest owners in that property, whereas a net revenue interest percentage is a working interest owner’s percentage of production after reducing such percentage by the percentage of burdens on such production such as royalties and overriding royalties.

As of December 31, 2011, the total estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties, as estimated in the reserve report, were approximately 18.28 MMBOE with a pre-tax PV10% value of $408.5 million. The net profits interest entitles the trust to receive 90% of the net proceeds from the sale of production until the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold. The 11.79 MMBOE amount represents the estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties that the reserve report projects to be produced by December 31, 2021. The exact rate of production attributable to the underlying properties cannot be predicted. However, because the term of the trust continues until the later of December 31, 2021 or the time when the terminal production amount has been produced and sold, trust unitholders will have the right to participate in additional proceeds attributable to the underlying properties in excess of 10.61 MMBOE in the event such amount is produced and sold prior to December 31, 2021. The reserves attributable to the underlying properties include all reserves expected to be economically produced during the life of the properties, whereas the trust is entitled to only receive 90% of the net proceeds from the sale of production of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids attributable to the underlying properties during the term of the net profits interest. As of December 31, 2011 and assuming its continued ownership of the underlying properties, the total estimated proved reserves attributable to Whiting’s remaining interest in the underlying properties at the termination of the net profits interest, as estimated in the reserve report, are expected to be 6.49 MMBOE, or approximately 35.5% of the estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties.

Whiting believes that its retained interest in the underlying properties, which entitles it to 10% of the net proceeds from the sale of production attributable to the underlying properties during the term of the net profits interest and all of the net proceeds thereafter, together with its ownership of trust units, if any, will provide incentive for it to operate (or cause to be operated) the underlying properties in an efficient and cost-effective

 

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manner. In addition, Whiting has agreed to operate the properties for which it is the operator as a reasonably prudent operator in the same manner that it would operate if these properties were not burdened by the net profits interest. Furthermore, for those properties for which it is not the operator, Whiting has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the operator to operate the property in the same manner; however, Whiting’s ability to cause other operators to take certain actions is limited. Please see “Risk factors — Whiting has limited control over activities on the underlying properties that Whiting does not operate, which could reduce production from the underlying properties, increase capital expenditures and reduce cash available for distribution to trust unitholders.”

In general, the producing wells to which the underlying properties relate have established production profiles. Based on the reserve report, annual production from the underlying properties is expected to decline at an average year-over-year rate of approximately 8.4% from 2012 through 2021, assuming no additional development drilling or other development expenditures are made on the underlying properties after 2014. However, cash distributions to unitholders may decline at a faster rate than the rate of production due to fixed and semi-variable costs attributable to the underlying properties or if expected future development is delayed, reduced or cancelled.

HISTORICAL RESULTS OF THE UNDERLYING PROPERTIES

The selected financial data presented below should be read in conjunction with the audited statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses and the unaudited statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses of the underlying properties, the related notes and “— Discussion and analysis of historical results of the underlying properties” included elsewhere in this prospectus. The following table sets forth revenues, direct operating expenses and the excess of revenues over direct operating expenses relating to the underlying properties for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2010 and 2011, derived from the underlying properties’ audited and unaudited statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses included elsewhere in this prospectus. The unaudited statements were prepared on a basis consistent with the audited statements and, in the opinion of Whiting, include all adjustments (consisting only of normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the revenues, direct operating expenses and the excess of revenues over direct operating expenses relating to the underlying properties for the periods presented.

 

     Year Ended December 31,      Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2008      2009      2010      2010      2011  
     (dollars in thousands)  

Revenues:

              

Oil sales(1)

   $ 159,243       $ 85,826       $ 104,667       $ 77,013       $ 90,711   

Natural gas sales

     34,924         19,791         19,041         14,499         12,537   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

   $ 194,167       $ 105,617       $ 123,708       $ 91,512       $ 103,248   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Direct operating expenses:

              

Lease operating

   $ 35,106       $ 31,935       $ 33,876       $ 24,641       $ 27,287   

Production taxes

     10,992         5,718         6,571         5,117         5,675   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total direct operating expenses

   $ 46,098       $ 37,653       $ 40,447       $ 29,758       $ 32,962   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses

   $ 148,069       $ 67,964       $ 83,261       $ 61,754       $ 70,286   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes natural gas liquids.

 

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The following table provides oil and natural gas sales volumes, average sales prices and capital expenditures relating to the underlying properties for the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, and for the nine-month periods ended September 30, 2010 and 2011. Sales volumes for natural gas liquids are included with oil sales since they were not material. There were no hedges or other derivative activity attributable to the underlying properties during such periods. The following information was not derived from the audited historical revenues and direct operating expenses of the underlying properties.

 

     Year Ended December 31,      Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
     2008      2009      2010      2010      2011  

Net sales volumes:

              

Oil (MBbl)(1)

     1,755         1,572         1,459         1,096         1,040   

Natural gas (MMcf)

     3,825         4,318         3,335         2,522         2,008   

Total sales volumes (MBOE)

     2,393         2,292         2,015         1,516         1,375   

Average realized sales prices:

              

Oil (per Bbl)(1)

   $ 90.74       $ 54.60       $ 71.74       $ 70.27       $ 87.22   

Natural gas (per Mcf)

   $ 9.13       $ 4.58       $ 5.71       $ 5.75       $ 6.24   

Capital expenditures (in thousands)

   $ 52,971       $ 20,229       $ 25,969       $ 22,125       $ 14,455   

 

(1) Includes natural gas liquids.

DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF HISTORICAL RESULTS OF THE UNDERLYING PROPERTIES

Comparison of results of the underlying properties for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 and 2010

Revenues.     Oil and natural gas sales revenue increased $11.7 million in the first nine months of 2011 compared to the first nine months of 2010. Sales are a function of average sales prices and volumes sold. The average prices realized for oil and natural gas increased 24% and 9%, respectively, between periods. Oil sales volumes decreased 5% or 56 MBbl between periods primarily due to normal field production decline. Natural gas sales volumes decreased 20% or 514 MMcf between periods. The primarily cause of this decrease in natural gas volumes was normal field production decline of 278 MMcf from 2010 to 2011. In addition, there were six wells that experienced higher than average production decline rates in 2010 and 2011. Production from these six wells decreased 276 MMcf in the first nine months of 2011 compared to the first nine months of 2010. These six wells were drilled in the latter portion of 2008 and were therefore in their initial steep decline phases following their completion. Steep initial decline is normal for natural gas wells drilled into tight gas reservoirs, and we anticipate future decline rates for these wells to be more moderate going forward. Lastly, there were four wells that were either shut-in for a portion of 2011 or that had gas gathering systems go down, which contributed an additional 60 MMcf of natural gas production decreases in 2011. These natural gas production decreases were partially offset by an increase of 100 MMcf between periods due to eight new wells drilled in the latter half of 2010 and early 2011.

Lease operating expenses.     Lease operating expenses increased $2.6 million in the first nine months of 2011 compared to the first nine months of 2010, and lease operating expenses per BOE increased from $16.25 during the first nine months of 2010 to $19.85 during the first nine months of 2011. The increase of 22% on a BOE basis was primarily caused by a high level of workover activity in the first nine months of 2011 and a decrease in production volumes between periods. Workovers amounted to $6.5 million in the first nine months of 2011, as compared to $4.0 million in the same period in 2010, and overall oil and natural gas production volumes decreased by 142 MBOE between periods. Whiting cannot provide any assurance that workovers will continue to occur at this level.

Production taxes.     Production taxes are calculated as a percentage of oil and natural gas sales revenue. Credits and exemptions allowed in the various taxing jurisdictions are generally utilized to their potential. Production tax rates for the first nine months of 2011 and 2010 were consistent between periods at 6% of oil and natural gas sales.

 

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Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses.     Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses increased $8.5 million from the first nine months of 2010 to the first nine months of 2011. The reasons for this increase included a 24% increase in oil prices and a 9% increase in natural gas prices between periods. The increased pricing was partially offset by a 9% decrease in equivalent volumes sold, higher lease operating expenses and production taxes in the first nine months of 2011.

Comparison of results of the underlying properties for the year ended December 31, 2010 compared to year ended December 31, 2009

Revenues .    Oil and natural gas sales revenue increased $18.1 million from 2009 to 2010. Sales are a function of average sales prices and volumes sold. The average prices realized for oil and natural gas increased 31% and 25%, respectively, between periods. Oil sales volumes decreased 7% or 113 MBbl between periods primarily due to normal field production decline, while total natural gas sales volumes decreased 23% or 983 MMcf from 2009 to 2010. Six wells drilled in latter 2008 had higher than average decline rates totaling 847 MMcf, as these wells were in their initial steep decline phases following their completion. Steep initial decline is normal for natural gas wells drilled into tight gas reservoirs. In addition, there were production decreases of 347 MMcf related mainly to normal field production decline and production decreases of 29 MMcf related to two wells that were shut-in for a portion of 2010. These production decreases were partially offset by natural gas production increases totaling 240 MMcf. Eight new wells drilled in the latter half of 2009 and early 2010 added incremental natural gas production of 109 MMcf in 2010. Two wells experienced reservoir pressure drops which in turn had the effect of producing higher natural gas volumes relative to oil, and this event increased natural gas production by 66 MMcf in 2010 for these two wells. Well workovers performed on another two wells in 2010 resulted in natural gas production increases of 45 MMcf between periods. Lastly, a well that was shut-in for a portion of 2009 had incrementally higher natural gas production of 20 MMcf in 2010.

Lease operating expenses .    Lease operating expenses increased $1.9 million from 2009 to 2010, and lease operating expenses per BOE increased from $13.94 during 2009 to $16.81 during 2010. The increase of 21% on a BOE basis was primarily caused by a high level of workover activity in 2010 and a decrease in production volumes between periods. Workovers amounted to $6.0 million in 2010, as compared to $3.4 million in 2009, and overall oil and natural gas production volumes decreased by 277 MBOE between periods. Whiting cannot provide any assurance that workovers will continue to occur at this level.

Production taxes .    Production taxes are calculated as a percentage of oil and natural gas sales revenue. Credits and exemptions allowed in the various taxing jurisdictions are generally utilized to their potential. Production tax rates for 2009 and 2010 were consistent between periods at 5% of oil and natural gas sales.

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses .    Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses increased $15.3 million from 2009 to 2010. The reasons for this increase included a 31% increase in oil prices and a 25% increase in natural gas prices between periods. The increased pricing was partially offset by a 12% decrease in equivalent volumes sold and higher lease operating expenses and production taxes in 2010.

Comparison of results of the underlying properties for the year ended December 31, 2009 compared to year ended December 31, 2008

Revenues .    Oil and natural gas sales revenue decreased $88.6 million to $105.6 million from 2008 to 2009. Sales are a function of average sales prices and volumes sold. The average prices realized for oil and natural gas decreased 40% and 50%, respectively, between periods. Likewise, oil sales volumes decreased 10% or 183 MBbl between periods mainly due to normal field production decline. Natural gas sales volumes increased 13% or 493 MMcf between periods primarily due to new wells drilled in the latter half of 2008 and early 2009. Six wells drilled in latter 2008 and early 2009 added 1,147 MMcf of natural gas production in 2009 as compared to 2008. These natural gas production increases were partially offset by production volume decreases totaling 654 MMcf from 2008 to 2009. Normal field production decline negatively impacted natural gas production by 392 MMcf

 

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between periods. Seven recently drilled wells had higher than average decline rates totaling 151 MMcf, as these wells were in their initial steep decline phases following their completion. Steep initial decline is normal for natural gas wells drilled into tight gas reservoirs. Lastly, seven wells that were shut-in for a portion of 2009 contributed an additional 111 MMcf of natural gas production decreases in 2009.

Lease operating expenses .    Lease operating expenses decreased $3.2 million from 2008 to 2009, and lease operating expenses per BOE decreased from $14.67 in 2008 to $13.94 in 2009. These decreases in LOE were primarily attributable to the cost of oil field goods and services being $3.0 million lower between periods, in connection with the reduced demand for industry goods and services in 2009.

Production taxes .    Production taxes are calculated as a percentage of oil and natural gas sales revenue. Credits and exemptions allowed in the various taxing jurisdictions are generally utilized to their potential. Production tax rates for 2008 and 2009 were 6% and 5%, respectively, of oil and natural gas sales.

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses .    Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses decreased $80.1 million from 2008 to 2009. The reasons for this decrease included a 40% decrease in oil prices and a 50% decrease in natural gas prices between periods, as well as a 4% decrease in equivalent volumes sold. These negative factors were partially offset by lower lease operating expenses and production taxes in 2009.

HEDGE CONTRACTS

The revenues derived from the underlying properties depend substantially on prevailing crude oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids prices. As a result, commodity prices also affect the amount of cash flow available for distribution to the trust unitholders. Lower prices may also reduce the amount of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids that Whiting can economically produce. Whiting sells the oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production from the underlying properties under floating market price contracts each month. Whiting has entered into hedge contracts, which are structured as costless collar arrangements, to hedge approximately 50% of the anticipated oil production from the reserves attributable to the underlying properties in the reserve report for the period from                     , 2012 through December 31, 2014. During the term of the hedge contracts, Whiting expects these contracts will reduce the oil price-related risks inherent in holding interests in oil properties, although they will also limit the potential for upside during the hedged period if oil prices increase. Trust unitholders will be exposed to fluctuations in prices of natural gas throughout the term of the trust, and after the hedge contracts cease to exist on January 1, 2015, trust unitholders’ exposure to fluctuations in oil prices will increase. Under the terms of the conveyance, Whiting will be prohibited from entering into hedging arrangements covering the production from the underlying properties following the completion of this offering. The hedge contracts will be placed with a single trading counterparty. Whiting cannot provide assurance that this trading counterparty will not become a credit risk in the future.

 

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The costless collar arrangements will settle based on the average of the settlement price for each commodity business day in the contract period. In a collar arrangement, the counterparty is required to make a payment to Whiting for the difference between the fixed floor price and the settlement price if the settlement price is below the fixed floor price. Whiting is required to make a payment to the counterparty for the difference between the fixed ceiling price and the settlement price if the settlement price is above the fixed ceiling price. From                     , 2012 through December 31, 2014, Whiting’s crude oil price risk management positions in collar arrangements are as follows:

 

     Oil Collars  
     Volumes
(Bbls)
   Weighted Average
Price (per Bbl)
 
        Floor      Ceiling  

March 2012

      $                    $                

April 2012

      $         $     

May 2012

      $         $     

June 2012

      $         $     

July 2012

      $         $     

August 2012

      $         $     

September 2012

      $         $     

October 2012

      $         $     

November 2012

      $         $     

December 2012

      $         $     

January 2013

      $         $     

February 2013

      $         $     

March 2013

      $         $     

April 2013

      $         $     

May 2013

      $         $     

June 2013

      $         $     

July 2013

      $         $     

August 2013

      $         $     

September 2013

      $         $     

October 2013

      $         $     

November 2013

      $         $     

December 2013

      $         $     

January 2014

      $         $     

February 2014

      $         $     

March 2014

      $         $     

April 2014

      $         $     

May 2014

      $         $     

June 2014

      $         $     

July 2014

      $         $     

August 2014

      $         $     

September 2014

      $         $     

October 2014

      $         $     

November 2014

      $         $     

December 2014

      $         $     

The amounts received by Whiting from the hedge contract counterparty upon settlements of the hedge contracts will reduce production and development costs attributable to the underlying properties in calculating the net proceeds. However, if the hedge payments received by Whiting under the hedge contracts and other non-production revenue exceed operating expenses during a quarterly period, the use of such excess amounts to offset operating expenses will be deferred, with interest accruing on such amounts at the prevailing money

 

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market rate, until the next quarterly period where the current and deferred hedge payments and other non-production revenue are less than the applicable production and development costs. In addition, the aggregate amounts paid by Whiting on settlement of the hedge contracts will reduce the amount of net proceeds paid to the trust. See “Computation of net proceeds — Net profits interest.”

PRODUCING ACREAGE AND WELL COUNTS

For the following data, “gross” refers to the total wells or acres in the oil and natural gas properties in which Whiting owns a working interest and “net” refers to gross wells or acres multiplied by the percentage working interest owned by Whiting and in turn attributable to the underlying properties. Although many of Whiting’s wells produce both oil and natural gas, a well is categorized as an oil well or a natural gas well based upon the ratio of oil to natural gas production.

The underlying properties are mainly interests in developed properties located in oil and natural gas producing regions outlined in the chart below. The following is a summary of the approximate acreage of these properties at September 30, 2011.

 

     Developed Acreage      Undeveloped Acreage      Total Acreage  
       Gross          Net          Gross          Net          Gross          Net    

Rocky Mountains

     40,422         18,789                         40,422         18,789   

Permian Basin

     31,933         23,505         680         244         32,613         23,749   

Gulf Coast

     11,186         4,469         470         164         11,656         4,633   

Mid-Continent

     3,683         2,198                         3,683         2,198   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     87,224         48,961         1,150         408         88,374         49,369   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following is a summary of the producing wells on the underlying properties as of September 30, 2011:

 

     Operated Wells      Non-Operated Wells      Total  
       Gross          Net          Gross          Net          Gross          Net    

Oil

     294         264.2         926         92.1         1,220         356.3   

Natural gas

     34         29.1         46         4.9         80         34.0   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     328         293.3         972         97.0         1,300         390.3   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The following is a summary of the number of developmental wells drilled on the underlying properties during the last three years. A dry well is an exploratory, development or extension well that proves to be incapable of producing either oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or natural gas well. A productive well is an exploratory, development or extension well that is not a dry well. The information should not be considered indicative of future performance, nor should it be assumed that there is necessarily any correlation between the number of productive wells drilled and quantities of reserves found. Whiting did not drill any exploratory wells on the underlying properties during the periods presented.

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2008      2009      2010  
       Gross          Net          Gross          Net          Gross          Net    

Productive

                 

Oil wells

     16         8.82         12         4.37         10         8.07   

Natural gas wells

     3         1.07         2         0.04                   

Dry

     1         1.00                                   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total

     20         10.89         14         4.41         10         8.07   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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During the nine months ended September 30, 2011, Whiting drilled, completed and commenced production with respect to 21 wells on the underlying properties.

OIL AND NATURAL GAS SALES

The following table shows the sales volumes, average sales prices per Bbl of oil and Mcf of natural gas produced and the production costs per BOE for the underlying properties. Sales volumes for natural gas liquids are included with oil sales since they were not material. There were no hedges or other derivative activity attributable to the underlying properties during such periods.

 

     Year Ended December 31,  
     2008      2009      2010  

Net sales volumes:

        

Oil production (MBbl)(1)

     1,755         1,572         1,459   

Natural gas production (MMcf)

     3,825         4,318         3,335   

Total production (MBOE)

     2,393         2,292         2,015   

Average daily production (MBOE/d)

     6.5         6.3         5.5   

Keystone, South field sales volumes(2):

        

Oil production (MBbl)(1)

     179         178         154   

Natural gas production (MMcf)

     790         843         758   

Total production (MBOE)

     310         318         281   

Rangely field sales volumes(2):

        

Oil production (MBbl)(1)

     227         208         195   

Natural gas production (MMcf)

     -         -         -   

Total production (MBOE)

     227         208         195   

Average sales prices:

        

Oil (per Bbl)(1)

   $ 90.74       $ 54.60       $ 71.74   

Natural gas (per Mcf)

   $ 9.13       $ 4.58       $ 5.71   

Production costs (per BOE)(3)

   $ 14.63       $ 13.67       $ 16.50   

 

(1) Includes natural gas liquids.
(2) The Keystone, South and Rangely fields were the only fields that contained 15% or more of the total proved reserve volumes of the underlying properties as of December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010.
(3) Production costs reported above exclude from lease operating expenses ad valorem taxes of $0.1 million ($0.05/BOE), $0.6 million ($0.26/BOE) and $0.6 million ($0.31/BOE) for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010, respectively.

DELIVERY COMMITMENTS

Neither the trust nor the underlying properties are committed to deliver fixed quantities of oil or natural gas in the future under existing contracts or agreements.

 

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MAJOR PRODUCING AREAS

The following table summarizes the estimated proved reserves by region and by the major fields within each region attributable to the net profits interest according to the reserve report, the corresponding pre-tax PV10% value as of December 31, 2011 and the average daily net production attributable to the net profits interest for the three months ended September 30, 2011.

 

          Estimated Proved Reserves As of December 31, 2011    

Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2011 Average
Daily Net
Production
(BOE/d)

 

Region/Field

  State     Oil(1)
(MBbl)
    Natural
Gas

(MMcf)
    Total
(MBOE)(2)
    % Oil     % of
Total
Reserves
    Pre-Tax
PV10%
Value(2)(3)

(In
Millions)
    % of Total
Pre-Tax
PV10%
Value
   

Rocky Mountains (14 Fields)

                 

Rangely

    CO        1,405               1,405        100.0     13.2   $ 36.7        11.4     465   

Garland

    WY        1,145        370        1,207        94.9     11.4     41.2        12.7     478   

Cedar Hills

    ND        399        14        401        99.4     3.8     18.5        5.7     253   

Torchlight

    WY        635               635        100.0     6.0     16.5        5.1     218   

Other

      769        331        825        93.3     7.8     33.3        10.3     339   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Rocky Mountains Total

      4,353        715        4,473        97.3     42.2   $ 146.2        45.2     1,753   

Permian Basin (17 Fields)

                 

Keystone, South

    TX        846        4,052        1,521        55.6     14.3   $ 42.7        13.2     576   

Martin

    TX        242        1,331        463        52.1     4.4     12.3        3.8     186   

DEB

    TX        440        68        452        97.5     4.3     15.6        4.8     255   

Signal Peak

    TX        158        3,002        659        24.0     6.2     13.4        4.2     341   

Sable

    TX        373               373        100.0     3.5     11.3        3.5     134   

Other

      810        1,572        1,072        75.6     10.1     32.8        10.1     444   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Permian Basin Total

      2,869        10,025        4,540        63.2     42.8   $ 128.1        39.6     1,936   

Gulf Coast (8 Fields)

                 

Lake Como

    MS        425        401        492        86.4     4.6   $ 19.4        6.0     212   

Other

      275        2,496        690        39.8     6.5     16.2        5.0     436   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Gulf Coast Total

      700        2,897        1,182        59.2     11.1   $ 35.6        11.0     648   

Mid-Continent (10 Fields)

                 

Wesson

    AR        287        8        288        99.6     2.7   $ 10.9        3.3     97   

Other

      69        337        125        55.0     1.2     2.8        0.9     73   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Mid-Continent Total

      356        345        413        86.1     3.9   $ 13.7        4.2     170   

Total (49 fields)

      8,278        13,982        10,608        78.0     100.0   $ 323.6        100.0     4,507   
   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1) Includes natural gas liquids.
(2) The amounts in the table reflect the trust’s 90% net profits interest in the reserves attributable to the underlying properties during the term of the trust. Proved reserves reflected in the table above for the net profits interest are derived from oil and natural gas prices calculated using an average of the first-day-of-the month prices for each month within the 12 months ended December 31, 2011, pursuant to current SEC and FASB guidelines, which equal $96.19 per Bbl of oil and $4.12 per MMBtu of natural gas less field transportation, quality and basis differential of $8.94 per Bbl of oil and a premium of $1.88 per Mcf of natural gas, resulting in average field adjusted prices of $87.25 per Bbl of oil and $6.00 per Mcf of natural gas.
(3)

Pre-tax PV10% value is considered a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by the SEC and is derived from the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows, which is the most directly comparable GAAP financial measure. Pre-tax PV10% value is computed on the same basis as the standardized measure

 

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  of discounted future net cash flows but without deducting future income taxes. However, as of December 31, 2011, no provision for federal or state income taxes has been provided because taxable income is passed through to the unitholders of the trust. Therefore, the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows attributable to the net profits interest is equal to the pre-tax PV10% value. The pre-tax PV10% value and the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows do not purport to present the fair value of the oil and natural gas reserves attributable to the net profits interest.

The underlying properties are located in several major onshore producing basins in the continental United States. Whiting believes this broad distribution provides a buffer against regional trends that may negatively impact production or prices. Based on the pre-tax PV10% value in the reserve report, approximately 56% of these properties were operated by Whiting. Based on production for the three months ended September 30, 2011 attributable to the net profits interest of 4,507 BOE/d, approximately 76% was oil and natural gas liquids and 24% was natural gas. The net profits interest excludes Whiting’s interests in the Bakken and Three Forks formations in all regions. See “— Capital expenditure activities” for a summary of the anticipated development plans relating to the underlying properties and the capital expected to be required to conduct such development activities.

Rocky Mountains Region .    The underlying properties in the Rocky Mountains region are located in Colorado, Wyoming, North Dakota and Montana. These properties consist of 14 fields of which Whiting operates wells in five of these fields. Whiting operates approximately 18% of these properties based on average daily net production attributable to the net profits interest of 1,753 BOE/d for the three months ended September 30, 2011 from 832 gross (109.2 net) wells. The net profits interest excludes Whiting’s interest in the Bakken and Three Forks formations. The following table summarizes Whiting’s interests in the major fields in this region.

 

Field

  No. of Wells
Operated /
Non-Operated
  Operator   State   County   Productive Zones   Gross / Net
Acres
  Average
Working
Interest
    Average
Net
Revenue
Interest
 

Rangely

  8/372   Chevron
Corporation,
Whiting
  CO   Rio
Blanco
  Weber Sand   5,847/3,550     4.6     3.9

Garland

  0/122   Marathon Oil
Corporation
  WY   Big Horn   Madison, Tensleep   0/0     19.7     17.2

Cedar Hills

  0/242   Continental
Resources Inc.,
ConocoPhillips
  ND   Bowman   Red River   4,616/922     1.1     1.0

Torchlight

  29/0   Whiting   WY   Big Horn   Madison, Tensleep   1,085/1,085     100.0     79.4

 

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Permian Basin Region .    The underlying properties in the Permian Basin region are located in Texas and New Mexico. These properties consist of 17 fields of which Whiting operates wells in 12 of these fields. Whiting operates approximately 84% of these properties based on average daily net production attributable to the net profits interest of 1,936 BOE/d for the three months ended September 30, 2011 from 372 gross (233.4 net) wells. The following table summarizes Whiting’s interests in the major fields in this region.

 

Field

  No. of Wells
Operated /
Non-Operated
  Operator   State   County   Productive Zones   Gross / Net
Acres
  Average
Working
Interest
    Average
Net
Revenue
Interest
 

Keystone, South

  67/1   Whiting   TX   Winkler   Clear Fork,
Wichita
Albany,
Ellenberger
  7,411/7,411     99.0     79.9

Martin

  21/0   Whiting   TX   Andrews   Clear Fork,
Wichita
Albany
  459/459     100.0     83.3

DEB

  9/0   Whiting   TX   Gaines   Wolfcamp   738/738     100.0     81.3

Signal Peak

  76/29   Whiting and
Southwest
Royalties, Inc.
  TX   Howard   Wolfcamp   14,493/8,804     65.8     52.0

Sable

  29/0   Whiting   TX   Yoakum   San Andres   2,112/2,112     100.0     83.3

Gulf Coast Region .    The underlying properties in the Gulf Coast region are located in Texas and Mississippi. These properties consist of eight onshore fields of which Whiting operates wells in four of these fields. Whiting operates approximately 91% of these properties based on average daily net production attributable to the net profits interest of 648 BOE/d for the three months ended September 30, 2011 from 50 gross (18.7 net) wells. The following table summarizes Whiting’s interest in the major field in this region.

 

Field

  No. of Wells
Operated /
Non-Operated
    Operator   State   County   Productive Zones   Gross / Net
Acres
    Average
Working
Interest
    Average
Net
Revenue
Interest
 

Lake Como

    4/0      Whiting   MS   Jasper   Smackover     1,054/770        70.4     55.9

Mid-Continent Region .    The underlying properties in the Mid-Continent region are located in Michigan, Arkansas, Oklahoma and Texas. These properties consist of 10 fields of which Whiting operates wells in five of these fields. Whiting operates approximately 88% of these properties based on average daily net production attributable to the net profits interest of 170 BOE/d for the three months ended September 30, 2011 from 46 gross (29.1 net) wells. The following table summarizes Whiting’s interest in the major field in this region.

 

Field

  No. of Wells
Operated /
Non-Operated
    Operator   State   County   Productive Zones   Gross / Net
Acres
    Average
Working
Interest
    Average
Net
Revenue
Interest
 

Wesson

    27/0      Whiting   AR   Quachita   Hogg Sand     1,191/538        71.1     61.0

CAPITAL EXPENDITURE ACTIVITIES

The primary goals of the planned capital expenditures relative to the underlying properties are to convert proved undeveloped reserves and developed non-producing properties to producing properties and to make the capital expenditures with a goal of mitigating the natural decline in production from producing properties. The underlying properties have a capital expenditure budget per the reserve report of $25.8 million estimated to be

 

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spent over 10 years. No assurance can be given, however, that any such expenditures will result in production in commercially paying amounts, if any, or that the characteristics of any newly developed well will match the characteristics of existing wells on the underlying properties or the operator’s historical drilling success rate. With respect to the underlying properties, Whiting expects, but is not obligated, to implement the development strategies described below relative to each of the following regions. With respect to fields for which Whiting is not the operator, Whiting will have no control over the timing or amount of capital expenditures relative to such fields. Please read “Risk factors — Whiting has limited control over activities on certain of the underlying properties that Whiting does not operate, which could reduce production from the underlying properties, increase capital expenditures and reduce cash available for distribution to trust unitholders.” Information relating to planned capital expenditures and development activities relating to fields for which Whiting is not the operator represent Whiting’s most recent understanding of the planned expenditures and activities of the operator thereof.

During each twelve-month period beginning on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2017 and (2) the time when 8.24 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent of 7.41 MMBOE in respect of the net profits interest) (in either case, the “capital expenditure limitation date”), the sum of the capital expenditures and amounts reserved for approved capital expenditure projects for such twelve-month period may not exceed the average annual capital expenditure amount. The “average annual capital expenditure amount” means the quotient of (x) the sum of the capital expenditures and amounts reserved for approved capital expenditure projects with respect to the three twelve-month periods ending on the capital expenditure limitation date, divided by (y) three. Commencing on the capital expenditure limitation date, and each anniversary of the capital expenditure limitation date thereafter, the average annual capital expenditure amount will be increased by 2.5% to account for expected increased costs due to inflation.

 

Region/Field/Description

   2012 – 2021 Planned
Capital Expenditures

(in millions)
    Gross Wells      Net Wells  

Rocky Mountains

       

Rangely — CO 2 and maintenance capital

   $ 19.4                  

Rangely — drill wells

     1.2        12         0.6   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Rocky Mountains Total

   $ 20.6        12         0.6   

Permian Basin

       

Keystone, South — recompletions

   $ 1.7        3         3.0   

Sand Tank — drill wells

     1.6        2         0.4   

Parkway — drill well

     1.5        1         0.4   

Santo Nino — well being completed(1)

            1         0.2   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

Permian Basin Total

   $ 4.8        7         4.0   

Gulf Coast

       

Agua Dulce — recompletions

   $ 0.4        2         2.0   

Mid-Continent

   $                  

Total

   $ 25.8        21         6.6   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1) Well to be completed by end of 2011 with no capital expenditures incurred in 2012.

Rocky Mountains Region .    Capital expenditures for the underlying properties in the Rocky Mountains region have averaged $4.2 million per year over the three year period ending December 31, 2010. The Rangely field, operated by Chevron Corporation, is located in Rio Blanco County, Colorado. This field was discovered in 1931 with development drilling commencing in 1943. The field is currently producing under the tertiary recovery process of CO 2 injection. The underlying properties include a 4.6% working interest in the Rangely Weber Sand Unit. Capital is expended each year to purchase CO 2 for injection in the field and there has been capital expended drilling additional wells in the field to optimize recovery. According to information provided at the latest working interest owners meeting held on November 2, 2011, the 2012 capital expenditure budget is $68.4 million

 

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gross, which equates to approximately $3.2 million allocated to the underlying properties, and is comprised of $26.4 million for 2012 development activities, $28.2 million for plant and equipment expenditures and $13.8 million for CO 2 purchases. After 2012, Whiting estimates that the 2012 budgeted level of plant and equipment expenditures and CO 2 purchases, which total $42.0 million gross, or approximately $1.9 million allocated to the underlying properties, will continue through 2021, the projected life of the net profits interest. These capital expenditures are included in the reserve report. The capital expenditures for development activities of $26.4 million gross, or approximately $1.2 million allocated to the underlying properties, scheduled for 2012 to include 12 development wells to further develop the field and the drilling of one replacement injector well. The expenditures for the replacement well are included in the proved developed producing category expenditures and expenditures for the 12 development wells are reflected in the proved undeveloped reserve category in the reserve report. No additional development capital expenditures are reflected in the reserve report. Although Whiting is not aware of any other development plans by Chevron or other operators of the underlying properties in this region, these operators may propose capital expenditures in the future. Additionally, although Whiting has not identified any future capital expenditures for the Whiting operated fields at this time, further study or offsetting drilling activity may result in capital expenditures in the future.

Permian Basin Region .    Capital expenditures for the underlying properties in the Permian Basin region have averaged $24.3 million per year over the three year period ending December 31, 2010. Whiting operates the Keystone, South field in Winkler County, Texas, which produces from several different zones including the Clear Fork, Wichita Albany and Ellenberger zones at depths from 6,500 to 9,200 feet. Whiting plans to recomplete three wells from the currently completed zone to another zone expected to be productive in the wellbore. These three recompletions are scheduled to be performed in 2013 and 2014 when the currently producing zones reach their economic limit. The capital expenditures necessary to perform these recompletions, which are included as proved developed non-producing reserves in the reserve report, are estimated at approximately $1.7 million allocated to the underlying properties. Although Whiting has not identified future capital expenditures for any other operated fields in the Permian Basin at this time, further study or offsetting development activity may result in substantial additional capital expenditures in the future.

Whiting owns non-operated working interests in the Parkway, Sand Hills and Santo Nino fields located in Eddy County, New Mexico. Mewbourne Oil Company, the operator, is developing these fields with horizontal wellbores in the Bone Spring formation at a depth of 8,000 feet. One of these wells was recently drilled and will be completed in December 2011. This well is included in the proved developed non-producing reserve category in the reserve report because the capital will be expended prior to the January 1, 2012 effective date of the trust. Mewbourne has proposed an additional three wells to be spud in December 2011, May 2012 and July 2012. These three wells are in the proved undeveloped reserve category in the reserve report with an estimated capital expenditure of approximately $3.1 million allocated to the underlying properties. Although Whiting is not aware of any other development plans by Mewbourne or other operators of the underlying properties in this region, these operators may propose capital expenditures in the future.

Gulf Coast Region .    Capital expenditures for the underlying properties in the Gulf Coast region have averaged $4.5 million per year over the three year period ending December 31, 2010. Whiting operates the Agua Dulce field in Nueces County, Texas, which produces from several different Vicksburg zones at depths from 9,000 to 10,000 feet. Whiting plans to recomplete two wells from the currently completed depleted zone to another zone expected to be productive in the wellbore. These two recompletions are scheduled to be performed in 2013 at an estimated capital expenditure of approximately $0.4 million allocated to the underlying properties. Although Whiting has not identified any future capital expenditures for any other operated fields at this time, further study or offsetting development activity may result in additional capital expenditures in the future. Additionally, although Whiting is not aware of any development plans by other operators of the underlying properties in this region, these operators may propose capital expenditures in the future.

 

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Mid-Continent Region .    Capital expenditures for the underlying properties in the Mid-Continent region have averaged $0.1 million per year over the three year period ending December 31, 2010. Although Whiting has not identified any future capital expenditures for the Whiting operated fields at this time, further study or offsetting drilling activity may result in capital expenditures in the future. Additionally, although Whiting is not aware of any development plans by other operators of the underlying properties in this region, these operators may propose capital expenditures in the future.

The trust is not directly obligated to pay any portion of any development expenditures made with respect to the underlying properties; however, development expenditures made by Whiting with respect to the underlying properties will be included among the production and development costs that, together with the reserves established by Whiting for similar future costs, will be deducted from the gross proceeds in calculating cash distributions attributable to the net profits interest. As a result, the trust will indirectly bear a 90% share of any development expenditures made with respect to the underlying properties (subject to certain limitations near the end of the term of the net profits interest, as described below). Accordingly, higher or lower development expenditures will, in general, directly decrease or increase, respectively, the cash received by the trust. In making development expenditure determinations, Whiting will attempt to balance the impact of the development expenditures on current cash distributions to the trust unitholders with the longer term benefits of increased oil and natural gas production expected to result from the development expenditure. In addition, Whiting may establish a capital reserve of up to a maximum of $2.0 million in the aggregate at any given time for future development, maintenance or operating expenses.

Whiting, as the designated operator of 56% of the underlying properties based on the pre-tax PV10% value contained in the reserve report, is entitled to make all determinations related to development expenditures with respect to the underlying properties, and there are no limitations on the amount of development expenditures that Whiting may incur with respect to the underlying properties, except as described below. Whiting is required under the applicable net profits interest conveyance to operate these properties as a reasonably prudent operator in the same manner that it would operate if these properties were not burdened by the net profits interest and Whiting has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the other operators to operate these properties in the same manner. As the trust unitholders would not be expected to fully realize the benefits of development expenditures made with respect to the underlying properties which occur near the end of the term of the net profits interest, during each twelve-month period beginning on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2017 and (2) the time when 8.24 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent of 7.41 MMBOE in respect of the net profits interest), the trust’s obligation for development expenditures that may be included among the costs that will be taken into account in calculating net proceeds attributable to the net profits interest will be limited to the average annual development expenditures incurred by Whiting during the preceding three years, as increased by 2.5% to account for expected increased costs due to inflation. See “Computation of net proceeds — Net profits interest.”

RESERVE REPORT

Technologies .    The underlying properties are predominantly mature fields with limited remaining development opportunities identified at this time. Of the total proved reserve volumes estimated for the underlying properties during the estimated term of the net profits interest, 96.4% are classified as proved developed producing reserves. These producing reserve estimates were prepared using production performance decline curve analyses, supplemented by analogy performance as appropriate. The total reserves classified as either proved developed non-producing or proved undeveloped comprise only 3.6% of the proved reserves. These reserve estimates were based on performance of analog wells completed in the targeted formation in the same field. In a few cases, the analog data was supplemented by volumetric recovery calculations.

Preparation of reserves estimates .    Whiting believes it maintains adequate and effective internal controls over the reserve estimation process as well as the underlying data upon which reserve estimates are based. The primary inputs to the reserve estimation process are comprised of technical information, financial data,

 

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ownership interests and production data. All field and reservoir technical information, which is updated annually, is assessed for validity when the reservoir engineers hold technical meetings with geoscientists, operations and land personnel to discuss field performance. Current revenue and expense information is obtained from Whiting’s accounting records, which are subject to external quarterly reviews, annual audits and their own set of internal controls over financial reporting. Internal controls over financial reporting are assessed for effectiveness annually using the criteria set forth in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. All current financial data such as commodity prices, lease operating expenses, production taxes and field commodity price differentials are updated in the reserve database and then analyzed to ensure that they have been entered accurately and that all updates are complete. Whiting’s current ownership in mineral interests and well production data are also subject to the aforementioned internal controls over financial reporting, and they are incorporated in the reserve database as well and verified to ensure their accuracy and completeness. Once the reserve database has been entirely updated with current information and all relevant technical support material has been assembled, the Trust’s independent engineering firm Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. (“CG&A”) meets with Whiting’s technical personnel in Whiting’s Denver and Midland offices to review field performance. Following these reviews the reserve database is furnished to CG&A so that they can prepare their independent reserve estimates and final report. Access to Whiting’s reserve database is restricted to specific members of the reservoir engineering department.

CG&A is a Texas Registered Engineering Firm. The primary contact at CG&A is Mr. Robert Ravnaas, Executive Vice President. Mr. Ravnaas is a State of Texas Licensed Professional Engineer. See Appendix A and Exhibit 99 of this prospectus for the Report of Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. and further information regarding the professional qualifications of Mr. Ravnaas.

Whiting’s Vice President of Reservoir Engineering and Acquisitions is responsible for overseeing the preparation of the reserves estimates. He has over 38 years of experience, the majority of which has involved reservoir engineering and reserve estimation, holds a Bachelor’s Degree in Petroleum Engineering from the University of Wyoming, holds an MBA from the University of Denver and is a registered Professional Engineer. He has also served on the national Board of Directors of the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers.

The standardized measures for the underlying properties presented below were prepared using assumptions required by the SEC. Except to the extent otherwise described below, these assumptions include the use of oil and natural gas prices calculated using an average of the first-day-of-the month price for each month within the 12 months ended December 31, 2011, pursuant to current SEC and FASB guidelines, which equal $96.19 per Bbl of oil and $4.12 per MMBtu of natural gas less field transportation, quality and basis differential of $8.94 per Bbl of oil and a premium of $1.88 per Mcf of natural gas, resulting in average field adjusted prices of $87.25 per Bbl of oil and $6.00 per Mcf of natural gas, as well as costs for estimated future development and production expenditures to produce the proved reserves as of December 31, 2011. Because oil and natural gas prices are influenced by many factors, use of the twelve month unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for the period from January 1, 2011 through December 1, 2011, as required by the SEC, may not be the most accurate basis for estimating future revenues of reserve data. Future net cash flows are discounted at an annual rate of 10%. There is no provision for federal income taxes with respect to the future net cash flows attributable to the net profits interest because future net revenues are not subject to taxation at the trust level. See “U.S. federal income tax consequences” for more information.

 

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Proved reserves .    The following table sets forth, as of December 31, 2011, certain estimated proved reserves, estimated future net revenues and the discounted present value thereof attributable to the underlying properties and the net profits interest, in each case derived from the reserve report. A summary of the reserve report is included as Appendix A to this prospectus.

 

     As of December 31, 2011  
     Underlying
Properties(1)
     Underlying
Properties
(attributable to
the net profits
interest)(2)
 

Proved reserves:

     

Oil and natural gas liquids (MBbls)

     14,687         8,278   

Natural gas (MMcf)

     21,554         13,982   

Oil equivalents (MBOE)

     18,280         10,608   

Pre-tax PV10% value (in thousands)(3)

   $ 408,503       $ 323,597   

Standardized measure (in thousands)(3)

   $ 408,503       $ 323,597   

 

(1) Reserve volumes and estimated future net revenues for underlying properties reflect total volumes and revenues attributable to the underlying properties during the term of the net profits interest.
(2) Reflects 90% of the volumes, pre-tax PV10% value and standardized measure of the estimated proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties expected to be produced within the term of the net profits interest based on the reserve report. Estimated future net revenues from proved reserves takes into account future estimated costs that are deducted in calculating net proceeds.
(3) No provision for federal or state income taxes has been provided because taxable income is passed through to the unitholders of the trust. Therefore, the standardized measures of the underlying properties and the underlying properties attributable to the net profits interest equal their corresponding pre-tax PV10% values, which totaled $408.5 million and $323.6 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2011.

Information concerning historical changes in proved reserves attributable to the underlying properties, and the calculation of the standardized measure of discounted future net revenues related thereto, is contained in the unaudited supplemental information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Whiting has not filed reserve estimates covering the underlying properties with any other federal authority or agency.

 

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The following table summarizes the changes in estimated proved reserves of the underlying properties for the periods indicated.

 

     Oil (MBbl)     Natural Gas
(MMcf)
    Total
(MBOE)
 

Balance at January 1, 2008

     23,667        41,910        30,652   

Revisions to previous estimates

     (9,183     (14,093     (11,532

Extensions and discoveries

     39        1,366        267   

Production

     (1,755     (3,825     (2,393
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2008

     12,768        25,358        16,994   

Revisions to previous estimates

     6,594        13,982        8,924   

Extensions and discoveries

            4        1   

Production

     (1,572     (4,318     (2,292
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2009

     17,790        35,026        23,627   

Revisions to previous estimates

     (572     (4,275     (1,284

Extensions and discoveries

     10        15        13   

Production

     (1,459     (3,335     (2,015
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2010

     15,769        27,431        20,341   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Proved developed reserves:

      

Balance at December 31, 2007

     21,210        32,817        26,679   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2008

     11,809        21,972        15,471   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2009

     16,031        26,779        20,494   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2010

     14,881        23,824        18,852   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Proved undeveloped reserves:

      

Balance at December 31, 2007

     2,457        9,093        3,973   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2008

     959        3,386        1,523   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2009

     1,759        8,247        3,133   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance at December 31, 2010

     888        3,607        1,489   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Proved reserves.     Estimates of proved developed and undeveloped reserves are inherently imprecise and are continually subject to revision based on production history, results of additional exploration and development, price changes and other factors.

In 2010, revisions to previous estimates decreased proved reserves by a net amount of 1,284 MBOE. Included in these revisions were 572 MBbl of downward adjustments to crude oil reserves and 4.3 Bcf of downward adjustments to natural gas reserves. Both of these reserve reductions were primarily attributable to a negative revision of the proved reserves associated with the Clearfork waterflood project in the Keystone, South field. Oil response to water injection was less than expected due to reservoir continuity and conformance issues.

In 2009, revisions to previous estimates increased proved reserves by a net amount of 8,924 MBOE. Included in these revisions were 14.0 Bcf of upward adjustments to natural gas reserves and 6,594 MBbl of upward adjustment to crude oil reserves. These increases were mainly due to higher oil prices of $61.18 per Bbl of oil in reserve estimates at December 31, 2009, as compared to $44.60 per Bbl of oil at December 31, 2008. This increase in oil price extended the economic lives of many oil wells, which increased the estimate of proved oil and the associated gas reserves.

In 2008, revisions to previous estimates decreased proved reserves by a net amount of 11,532 MBOE. Included in these revisions were 9,183 MBbl of downward adjustments to crude oil reserves primarily due to lower oil prices of $44.60 per Bbl of oil in reserve estimates at December 31, 2008, as compared to $96.00 per Bbl of oil at December 31, 2007, causing a decrease in the estimated economic life of many of the oil wells. This downward revision in crude oil reserves was accompanied by 14.1 Bcf of net downward adjustments to natural gas reserve quantities, primarily because of the decrease in associated gas volumes that were lost due to the shorter economic lives of many of the oil wells.

 

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Proved undeveloped reserves.     The estimated volume of proved undeveloped reserves decreased from 3,133 MBOE at December 31, 2009 to 1,489 MBOE at December 31, 2010. This reduction of 1,644 MBOE was due primarily to the drilling of eight proved undeveloped wells in the Keystone, South field. The reserves for those wells were promoted to the proved developed reserve category as of December 31, 2010. In addition, there were two undeveloped well locations that were removed from the proved undeveloped reserve category on December 31, 2010 due to continuing low gas prices and Whiting’s decision not to drill those wells.

ABANDONMENT OF UNDERLYING PROPERTIES

Any operators of the underlying properties, including Whiting, will have the right to abandon its interest in any well or property comprising a portion of the underlying properties if, in its opinion, such well or property ceases to produce or is not capable of producing in commercially paying quantities. To reduce the potential conflict of interest between Whiting and the trust in determining whether a well is capable of producing in commercially paying quantities, Whiting has agreed to operate the underlying properties as a reasonably prudent operator in the same manner that it would operate if these properties were not burdened by the net profits interest and Whiting has agreed to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the other operators to operate these properties in the same manner. However, Whiting’s ability to cause other operators to take certain actions is limited. For the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, Whiting plugged and abandoned 11, 15 and 11 wells, respectively, with respect to the underlying properties based on its determination that such wells were no longer economic to operate.

HYDRAULIC FRACTURING

There are a total of 15 proved undeveloped drilling locations and six proved developed non-producing wells identified on the underlying properties. Of the 15 anticipated proved undeveloped drilling locations, 12 are located in the Rangely Field in Western Colorado and three are located in the Delaware Basin of Southeast New Mexico. Hydraulic fracture stimulations are expected to be utilized for completion of these wells. It is anticipated that hydraulic fracture stimulations will be utilized for all six of the proved developed non-producing wells, of which four are located in the Permian Basin of West Texas and two are along the Texas Gulf Coast.

The 12 proved undeveloped locations are down spacing opportunities on acreage that is held by production. The three proved undeveloped New Mexico wells, which include two at Sand Tank field and one at Parkway field operated by Mewbourne will be drilled on spacing units of 160 gross acres per well at Sand Tank and Parkway fields (126 net acres total). All six proved developed non-producing projects will take place in existing wells on acreage already earned and held by production.

Reserves associated with the 21 hydraulic fracture treatments total 0.4 MMBOE or 3.6% of the total reserves attributable to the underlying properties.

Whiting is not aware of any environmental issues, incidents or citations related to hydraulic fracturing on any of the underlying properties. While Whiting does not have insurance policies in effect that are intended to provide coverage for losses solely related to hydraulic fracturing operations, Whiting does have general liability and excess liability insurance policies that Whiting believes would cover third party claims related to hydraulic fracturing operations and associated legal expenses in accordance with, and subject to, the terms of such policies.

MARKETING AND POST-PRODUCTION SERVICES

Pursuant to the terms of the conveyance creating the net profits interest, Whiting will have the responsibility to market, or cause to be marketed, the oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production attributable to the underlying properties. The terms of the conveyance creating the net profits interest do not permit Whiting to charge any marketing fee other than fees for marketing paid to non-affiliates when determining the net proceeds upon which the net profits interest will be calculated. As a result, the net proceeds to the trust from the sales of

 

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oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production from the underlying properties will be determined based on the same price that Whiting receives for oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production attributable to Whiting’s remaining interest in the underlying properties.

Whiting principally sells its oil and natural gas production to end users, marketers and other purchasers that have access to nearby pipeline facilities. In areas where there is no practical access to pipelines, oil is trucked to storage facilities. Whiting’s marketing of oil and natural gas can be affected by factors beyond its control, the effects of which cannot be accurately predicted. During 2008, sales to ConocoPhillips, Chevron USA, Plains Marketing LP and Marathon Oil Corporation accounted for 15%, 14%, 11% and 10% , respectively, of total oil and natural gas sales related to the underlying properties. During 2009, sales to Chevron USA, ConocoPhillips, Plains Marketing LP and Marathon Oil Corporation accounted for 13%, 13%, 11% and 11%, respectively, of total oil and natural gas sales related to the underlying properties. During 2010, sales to Plains Marketing LP, Chevron USA, ConocoPhillips and Marathon Oil Corporation accounted for 14%, 13%, 13%, and 11%, respectively, of total oil and natural gas sales related to the underlying properties. Whiting believes that the loss of any of the 10% customers does not present a material risk because there is significant competition among purchasers of crude oil and natural gas in the areas of the underlying properties and, if Whiting were to lose any of their largest purchasers, several entities could purchase crude oil and natural gas produced from the underlying properties with little or no interruption.

TITLE TO PROPERTIES

The underlying properties are subject to certain burdens that are described in more detail below. To the extent that these burdens and obligations affect Whiting’s rights to production and the value of production from the underlying properties, they have been taken into account in calculating the trust’s interests and in estimating the size and the value of the reserves attributable to the underlying properties.

Whiting’s interests in the oil and natural gas properties comprising the underlying properties are typically subject, in one degree or another, to one or more of the following:

 

   

royalties, overriding royalties and other burdens on production, express and implied, under oil and natural gas leases;

 

   

overriding royalties, production payments and similar interests and other burdens on production created by Whiting or its predecessors in title;

 

   

a variety of contractual obligations arising under operating agreements, farm-out agreements, production sales contracts and other agreements that may affect these properties or Whiting’s title thereto;

 

   

liens that arise in the normal course of operations, such as those for unpaid taxes, statutory liens securing unpaid suppliers and contractors and contractual liens under operating agreements that are not yet delinquent or, if delinquent, are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings;

 

   

pooling, unitization and communitization agreements, declarations and orders;

 

   

easements, restrictions, rights-of-way and other matters that commonly affect property;

 

   

conventional rights of reassignment that obligate Whiting to reassign all or part of a property to a third party if Whiting intends to release or abandon such property; and

 

   

rights reserved to or vested in the appropriate governmental agency or authority to control or regulate the underlying properties and the net profits interest therein.

Whiting believes that the burdens and obligations affecting the oil and natural gas properties comprising the underlying properties are conventional in the industry for similar properties. Whiting also believes that the existing burdens and obligations do not, in the aggregate, materially interfere with the use of these properties and will not materially adversely affect the value of the net profits interest.

 

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At the time of its acquisitions of the underlying properties, Whiting undertook a title examination of these properties. As such, Whiting believes that its title to the underlying properties is, and the trust’s title to the net profits interest will be, good and defensible in accordance with standards generally accepted in the oil and gas industry, subject to such exceptions as are not so material to detract substantially from the use or value of such properties or royalty interests. Please see “Risk factors — The trust units may lose value as a result of title deficiencies with respect to the underlying properties.”

Net profits interests are non-operating, non-possessory interests carved out of the oil and natural gas leasehold estate, but some jurisdictions have not directly determined whether a net profits interest is a real or a personal property interest. Whiting will record the conveyance of the net profits interest in the relevant real property records of all applicable jurisdictions. Whiting believes that the delivery and recording of the conveyance should create a fully conveyed and vested property interest under the applicable state’s laws, but because there is no direct authority to this effect in Colorado, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, North Dakota, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Texas and Wyoming, this may not be the result. Whiting believes that it is possible that the net profits interest may not be treated as a real property interest under the laws of certain of the jurisdictions where the underlying properties are located. Whiting believes that, if, during the term of the net profits interest, Whiting becomes involved as a debtor in a bankruptcy proceeding, the net profits interest relating to the underlying properties in most, if not all, of the jurisdictions should be treated as a fully conveyed property interest. In such a proceeding, however, a determination could be made that the conveyance constitutes an executory contract and the net profits interest is not a fully conveyed property interest under the laws of the applicable jurisdiction, and if such contract were not to be assumed in a bankruptcy proceeding involving Whiting, the trust would be treated as an unsecured creditor of Whiting with respect to such net profits interest in the pending bankruptcy proceeding. Although no assurance can be given, Whiting believes that the conveyance of the net profits interest relating to the underlying properties in most, if not all, of the jurisdictions of which these properties are located should not be subject to rejection in a bankruptcy proceeding as an executory contract.

COMPETITION AND MARKETS

The oil and natural gas industry is highly competitive. Whiting competes with major oil and natural gas companies and independent oil and natural gas companies for oil and natural gas, equipment, personnel and markets for the sale of oil and natural gas. Many of these competitors are financially stronger than Whiting, but even financially troubled competitors can affect the market because of their need to sell oil and natural gas at any price to attempt to maintain cashflow. The trust will be subject to the same competitive conditions as Whiting and other companies in the oil and natural gas industry.

Oil and natural gas compete with other forms of energy available to customers, primarily based on price. These alternate forms of energy include electricity, coal and fuel oils. Changes in the availability or price of oil, natural gas or other forms of energy, as well as business conditions, conservation, legislation, regulations and the ability to convert to alternate fuels and other forms of energy may affect the demand for oil and natural gas.

Future price fluctuations for oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids will directly impact trust distributions, estimates of reserves attributable to the net profits interest and estimated and actual future net revenues to the trust. In light of the many uncertainties that affect the supply and demand for oil and natural gas, neither the trust nor Whiting can make reliable predictions of future oil and natural gas supply and demand, future product prices or the effect of future product prices on the trust.

ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS AND REGULATION

General .    The operations of the underlying properties are subject to stringent and complex federal, state and local laws and regulations governing environmental protection as well as the discharge of materials into the environment. These laws and regulations may, among other things:

 

   

require the acquisition of a permit for drilling and other regulated activities;

 

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restrict the types, quantities and concentration of various substances that can be released into the environment in connection with oil and natural gas drilling and production activities;

 

   

limit or prohibit drilling activities on certain lands lying within wilderness, wetlands and other protected areas;

 

   

require investigatory and remedial measures to mitigate pollution from former and ongoing operations, such as requirements to close pits and plug abandoned wells; and

 

   

enjoin some or all of the operations of underlying properties deemed in non-compliance with permits issued pursuant to such environmental laws and regulations.

Failure to comply with these laws and regulations may trigger a variety of administrative, civil and criminal enforcement measures, including the assessment of monetary penalties, the imposition of remedial requirements and the issuance of orders enjoining future operations or imposing additional compliance requirements on such operations. Certain environmental statutes impose strict joint and several liability for costs required to clean up and restore sites where hazardous substances have been disposed or otherwise released. Moreover, these laws, rules and regulations may also restrict the rate of oil and natural gas production below the rate that would otherwise be possible. The regulatory burden on the oil and natural gas industry increases the cost of doing business in the industry and consequently affects profitability. Additionally, Congress and federal and state agencies frequently revise environmental laws and regulations, and any changes that result in more stringent and costly well construction, drilling, water management or completion activities or waste handling, disposal and cleanup requirements for the oil and natural gas industry could have a significant impact on the operating costs of the underlying properties.

The following is a summary of the more significant existing laws, rules and regulations to which the operations of the underlying properties are subject that are material to the operation of the underlying properties.

Waste handling .    The Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, as amended, (“RCRA”), and comparable state statutes, regulate the generation, transportation, treatment, storage, disposal and cleanup of hazardous and non-hazardous wastes. Under the auspices of the EPA the individual states administer some or all of the provisions of RCRA, sometimes in conjunction with their own, more stringent requirements. In its operations at the underlying properties, Whiting generates solid and hazardous wastes that are subject to RCRA and comparable state laws. Drilling fluids, produced waters and most of the other wastes associated with the exploration, development and production of crude oil or natural gas are currently regulated under RCRA’s non-hazardous waste provisions. However, it is possible that certain oil and natural gas exploration and production wastes now classified as non-hazardous could be classified as hazardous wastes in the future. In September 2010, the Natural Resources Defense Council filed a petition with the EPA, requesting them to reconsider the RCRA exemption for exploration, production and development wastes but, to date, the agency has not taken any action on the petition. Any such change in the current RCRA exemption and comparable state laws, could result in an increase in the costs to manage and dispose of wastes, which could have a material adverse effect on the cash distributions to the trust unitholders.

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act .    The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980, as amended (“CERCLA”), also known as the Superfund law and comparable state laws, impose strict joint and several liability, without regard to fault or legality of conduct, on classes of persons who are considered to be responsible for the release of a hazardous substance into the environment. These persons include the owner or operator of the site where the release occurred, and anyone who disposed or arranged for the disposal of a hazardous substance released at the site. Under CERCLA, such persons may be subject to joint and several liability for the costs of cleaning up the hazardous substances that have been released into the environment, for damages to natural resources and for the costs of certain health studies. While Whiting generates materials in the course of its operations of the underlying properties that may be regulated as hazardous substances, Whiting has not been notified that it has been named as a potentially responsible party at or with respect to any Superfund sites. In addition, it is not uncommon for

 

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neighboring landowners and other third-parties to file claims for personal injury and property damage allegedly caused by the hazardous substances released into the environment.

The underlying properties may have been used for oil and natural gas exploration and production for many years. Although Whiting believes that it has utilized operating and waste disposal practices that were standard in the industry at the time, hazardous substances, wastes or hydrocarbons may have been released on or under the properties, or on or under other locations, including off-site locations, where such substances have been taken for recycling or disposal. In addition, the underlying properties may have been operated by third parties or by previous owners or operators whose treatment and disposal of hazardous substances, wastes or hydrocarbons was not under Whiting’s control. These properties and the substances disposed or released on them may be subject to CERCLA, RCRA and analogous state laws. Under such laws, Whiting could be required to remove previously disposed substances and wastes, remediate contaminated property, perform remedial plugging or pit closure operations to prevent future contamination or to pay some or all of the costs of any such action.

Water discharges .    The Federal Water Pollution Control Act, or the Clean Water Act, as amended (the “CWA”), and analogous state laws, impose restrictions and strict controls with respect to the discharge of pollutants, including spills and leaks of oil and other substances, into state waters or waters of the United States. The discharge of pollutants into regulated waters is prohibited, except in accordance with the terms of a permit issued by the EPA or an analogous state agency. Spill prevention, control and countermeasure requirements under federal law require appropriate containment berms and similar structures to help prevent the contamination of navigable waters in the event of a petroleum hydrocarbon tank spill, rupture or leak. In addition, the CWA and analogous state laws require individual permits or coverage under general permits for discharges of storm water runoff from certain types of facilities. Federal and state regulatory agencies can impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance with discharge permits or other requirements of the CWA and analogous state laws and regulations.

Hydraulic fracturing.     Hydraulic fracturing is an important and common practice that is used to stimulate production of hydrocarbons, particularly natural gas, from tight formations. Hydraulic fracturing has been utilized in the completion of wells drilled at the underlying properties and Whiting expects it will also be used in the future. The process involves the injection of water, sand and chemicals under pressure into formations to fracture the surrounding rock and stimulate production. The process is typically regulated by state oil and gas commissions. However, the EPA has asserted federal regulatory authority over hydraulic fracturing involving diesel under the Safe Drinking Water Act’s Underground Injection Control Program and has commenced drafting guidance for permitting authorities and the industry regarding the process for obtaining a permit for hydraulic fracturing involving diesel. Industry groups have filed suit challenging the EPA’s recent decision. At the same time, the EPA has commenced a study of the potential environmental impacts of hydraulic fracturing activities, with initial results of the study anticipated to be available by late 2012 and final results by 2014. Moreover, the EPA recently announced in October 2011 that it is also launching a study regarding wastewater resulting from hydraulic fracturing activities and currently plans to propose standards by 2014 that such wastewater must meet before being transported to a treatment plant. Other federal agencies are also examining hydraulic fracturing, including the DOE, the U.S. Government Accountability Office and the White House Council for Environmental Quality. The U.S. Department of the Interior is also considering regulation of hydraulic fracturing activities on public lands. In addition, legislation called the FRAC Act has been introduced in Congress to provide for federal regulation of hydraulic fracturing and to require disclosure of the chemicals used in the fracturing process. Also, some states have adopted, and other states are considering adopting, regulations that could restrict or impose additional requirements relating to hydraulic fracturing in certain circumstances. For example, on June 17, 2011, Texas enacted a law that requires the disclosure of information regarding the substances used in the hydraulic fracturing process to the Railroad Commission of Texas (the entity that regulates oil and natural gas production) and the public. Such federal or state legislation could require the disclosure of chemical constituents used in the fracturing process to state or federal regulatory authorities who could then make such information publicly available. Disclosure of chemicals used in the fracturing process could make it easier for third parties opposing hydraulic fracturing to pursue legal proceedings against producers and service providers based on allegations that specific chemicals used in the fracturing process could adversely affect human health or the environment,

 

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including groundwater. In addition, if hydraulic fracturing is regulated at the federal level, Whiting’s fracturing activities could become subject to additional permit requirements or operational restrictions and also to associated permitting delays and potential increases in costs. Further, at least three local governments in Texas have imposed temporary moratoria on drilling permits within city limits so that local ordinances may be reviewed to assess their adequacy to address such activities. If new laws or regulations that significantly restrict hydraulic fracturing are adopted, such legal requirements could make it more difficult or costly for Whiting to perform hydraulic fracturing activities. Moreover, Whiting believes that enactment of legislation regulating hydraulic fracturing at the federal level may have a material adverse effect on its business. In addition, the EPA recently took the position that hydraulic fracturing operations using diesel are subject to regulation under the Underground Injection Control program of the Safe Drinking Water Act as Class II wells. Such regulation could result in increased costs and operational delays for certain hydraulic fracturing operations.

Global warming and climate change .    On December 15, 2009, the EPA published its findings that emissions of carbon dioxide, methane, and other greenhouse gases (“GHGs”) present an endangerment to public heath and the environment because emissions of such gases are, according to the EPA, contributing to the warming of the earth’s atmosphere and other climate changes. Based on these findings, the EPA has begun adopting and implementing regulations that restrict emissions of GHGs under existing provisions of the federal Clean Air Act, including one rule that limits emissions of GHGs from motor vehicles beginning with the 2012 model year. The EPA has asserted that these final motor vehicle GHG emission standards trigger Clean Air Act construction and operating permit requirements for stationary sources, commencing when the motor vehicle standards took effect on January 2, 2011. On June 3, 2010, the EPA published its final rule to address the permitting of GHG emissions from stationary sources under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (“PSD”) and Title V permitting programs. This rule “tailors” these permitting programs to apply to certain stationary sources of GHG emissions in a multi-step process, with the largest sources first subject to permitting. Further, facilities required to obtain PSD permits for their GHG emissions are required to reduce those emissions consistent with guidance for determining “best available control technology” standards for GHGs, which guidance was published by the EPA in November 2010. Also in November 2010, the EPA expanded its existing GHG reporting rule to include onshore oil and natural gas production, processing, transmission, storage, and distribution facilities. This rule requires reporting of GHG emissions from such facilities on an annual basis with reporting beginning in 2012 for emissions occurring in 2011.

In addition, both houses of Congress have considered legislation to reduce emissions of GHGs, and many states have already taken legal measures to reduce emissions of GHGs, primarily through the development of GHG inventories, greenhouse gas permitting and/or regional GHG cap and trade programs. Most of these cap and trade programs work by requiring either major sources of emissions or major producers of fuels to acquire and surrender emission allowances, with the number of allowances available for purchase reduced each year until the overall GHG emission reduction goal is achieved. In the absence of new legislation, the EPA is issuing new regulations that limit emissions of GHGs associated with our operations which will require us to incur costs to inventory and reduce emissions of GHGs associated with our operations and could adversely affect demand for the oil and natural gas that Whiting produces. Finally, it should be noted that some scientists have concluded that increasing concentrations of GHGs in the atmosphere may produce climate changes that have significant physical effects, such as increased frequency and severity of storms, droughts, and floods and other climatic events.

Air emissions .    The federal Clean Air Act, as amended, and comparable state laws, regulate emissions of various air pollutants from various industrial sources through air emissions permitting programs and also impose other monitoring and reporting requirements. Operators of the underlying properties, including Whiting, may be required to incur certain capital expenditures in the future for air pollution control equipment in connection with obtaining and maintaining pre-construction and operating permits and approvals for air emissions. In addition, EPA has developed, and continues to develop, stringent regulations governing emissions of toxic air pollutants at specified sources. For example, on July 28, 2011, the EPA proposed rules that would establish new air emission controls for oil and natural gas production operations. Specifically, EPA’s proposed rule package includes New Source Performance Standards to address emissions of sulfur dioxide and volatile organic compounds, and a

 

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separate set of emission standards to address hazardous air pollutants frequently associated with oil and natural gas production and processing activities. Among other things, these standards would require the application of reduced emission completion techniques for completion of newly drilled and fractured wells in addition to existing wells that are refractured. The proposed rules also would establish specific requirements regarding emissions from compressors, dehydrators, storage tanks and other production equipment. The EPA will receive public comment and hold hearings regarding the proposed rules and must take final action on them by April 3, 2012. If finalized, these rules could require a number of modifications to operations at the underlying properties including the installation of new equipment. Compliance with such rules could result in significant costs, including increased capital expenditures and operating costs, which may adversely impact our business. Federal and state regulatory agencies can impose administrative, civil and criminal penalties for non-compliance with air permits or other requirements of the Clean Air Act and associated state laws and regulations.

OSHA and other laws and regulation .    Whiting is subject to the requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Act, as amended (“OSHA”), and comparable state statutes. The OSHA hazard communication standard, the EPA community right-to-know regulations under the Title III of CERCLA and similar state statutes require that Whiting organize and/or disclose information about hazardous materials used or produced in its operations. Whiting believes that it is in substantial compliance with these applicable requirements and with other OSHA and comparable requirements.

Endangered species considerations.     The federal Endangered Species Act, as amended (“ESA”), restricts activities that may affect endangered and threatened species or their habitats. If endangered species are located in areas of the underlying properties where Whiting or the other underlying property operators wish to conduct seismic surveys, development activities or abandonment operations, the work could be prohibited or delayed or expensive mitigation may be required. Moreover, as a result of a settlement approved by the U.S. District Court for the District of Columbia on September 9, 2011, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service is required to consider listing more than 250 species as endangered under the Endangered Species Act. Under the September 9, 2011 settlement, the federal agency is required to begin issuing decisions with respect to the 250 candidate species by the end of 2011. The designation of previously unprotected species as threatened or endangered in areas where underlying property operations are conducted could cause operators of those underlying properties, including Whiting, to incur increased costs arising from species protection measures or could result in limitations on their exploration and production activities that could have an adverse impact on their ability to develop and produce reserves.

Consideration of environmental issues in connection with governmental approvals .    Whiting’s operations frequently require licenses, permits and/or other governmental approvals. Several federal statutes, including the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act and the National Environmental Policy Act require federal agencies to evaluate environmental issues in connection with granting such approvals and/or taking other major agency actions. The Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act, for instance, requires the U.S. Department of Interior to evaluate whether certain proposed activities would cause serious harm or damage to the marine, coastal or human environment. Similarly, the National Environmental Policy Act requires the Department of Interior and other federal agencies to evaluate major agency actions having the potential to significantly impact the environment. In the course of such evaluations, an agency would have to prepare an environmental assessment and, potentially, an environmental impact statement.

Whiting believes that it is in substantial compliance with all existing environmental laws and regulations applicable to the current operations of the underlying properties and that its continued compliance with existing requirements will not have a material adverse effect on the cash distributions to the trust unitholders. For instance, Whiting did not incur any material capital expenditures for remediation or pollution control activities for the nine month period ended September 30, 2011 with respect to these properties. Additionally, as of the date of this prospectus, it is not aware of any environmental issues or claims that will require material capital expenditures during the remainder of 2011 with respect to these properties. However, there is no assurance that the passage of more stringent laws or implementing regulations in the future will not have a negative impact on the operations of these properties and the cash distributions to the trust unitholders.

 

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COMPUTATION OF NET PROCEEDS

The provisions of the conveyance governing the computation of the net proceeds are detailed and extensive. The following information summarizes the material information contained in the conveyance related to the computation of the net proceeds. For more detailed provisions concerning the net profits interest, you should read the conveyance. A copy of the conveyance has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. See “Where you can find more information.”

NET PROFITS INTEREST

Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, will convey a term net profits interest to the trust by means of a conveyance instrument that will be recorded in the appropriate real property records in each county where the underlying properties are located. The net profits interest will burden the existing net interests owned by Whiting in the underlying properties. In the underlying properties in which Whiting is designated as the operator, Whiting has an average working interest of approximately 87.9% and an average net revenue interest of approximately 69.7%. For the underlying properties where Whiting is not the operator, Whiting has an average working interest of approximately 18.0% and an average net revenue interest of approximately 13.7%.

The conveyance creating the net profits interest provides that the trust will be entitled to receive an amount of cash for each quarter equal to 90% of the net proceeds (calculated as described below) from the sale of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids production attributable to the underlying properties.

The amounts paid to the trust for the net profits interest are based on the definitions of “gross proceeds” and “net proceeds” contained in the conveyance and described below. Under the conveyance, net proceeds are computed quarterly, and 90% of the aggregate net proceeds attributable to a computation period will be paid to the trust no later than 60 days following the end of the computation period (or the next succeeding business day). Whiting will not pay to the trust any interest on the net proceeds held by Whiting prior to payment to the trust. The trustee will make distributions to trust unitholders quarterly. See “Description of the trust units — Distributions and income computations.”

“Gross proceeds” means the aggregate amount received by Whiting from sales of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids produced from the underlying properties (other than amounts received for certain future non-consent operations). Gross proceeds does not include any amount for oil, natural gas or natural gas liquids lost in production or marketing or used by Whiting in drilling, production and plant operations. Gross proceeds includes “take-or-pay” or “ratable take” payments for future production in the event that they are not subject to repayment due to insufficient subsequent production or purchases.

“Net proceeds” means gross proceeds less Whiting’s share of the following:

 

   

all payments to mineral or landowners, such as royalties or other burdens against production, delay rentals, shut-in oil and natural gas payments, minimum royalty or other payments for drilling or deferring drilling;

 

   

any taxes paid by the owner of an underlying property to the extent not deducted in calculating gross proceeds, including estimated and accrued general property (ad valorem), production, severance, sales, gathering, excise and other taxes;

 

   

the aggregate amounts paid by Whiting upon settlement of the hedge contracts on a quarterly basis, as specified in the hedge contracts;

 

   

any extraordinary taxes or windfall profits taxes that may be assessed in the future that are based on profits realized or prices received for production from the underlying properties;

 

   

costs paid by an owner of an oil and natural gas property comprising the underlying properties under any joint operating agreement;

 

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all other costs and expenses, development costs and liabilities of testing, drilling, completing, recompleting, workovers, equipping, plugging back, operating and producing oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids, including allocated expenses such as labor, vehicle and travel costs and materials and any plugging and abandonment liabilities (net of any development costs for which a reserve had already been made to the extent such development costs are incurred during the computation period) other than costs and expenses for certain future non-consent operations;

 

   

costs or charges associated with gathering, treating and processing oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids (provided, however that any proceeds attributable to treatment or processing will offset such costs or charges, if any);

 

   

producing overhead charges in accordance with existing operating agreements;

 

   

to the extent Whiting is the operator of an underlying property and there is no operating agreement covering such underlying property, the overhead charges allocated by Whiting to such underlying property calculated in the same manner Whiting allocates overhead to other similarly owned property;

 

   

costs for recording the conveyance and costs estimated to record the termination and/or release of the conveyance;

 

   

costs paid to the counterparty under the hedge contracts or to the persons that provide credit to maintain any hedge contracts, excluding any hedge settlement amounts;

 

   

amounts previously included in gross proceeds but subsequently paid as a refund, interest or penalty;

 

   

costs and expenses for renewals or extensions of leases; and

 

   

amounts reserved at the option of Whiting for development expenditure projects, including well drilling, recompletion and workover costs, maintenance or operating expenses, which amounts will at no time exceed $2.0 million in the aggregate, and will be subject to the limitations described below (provided that such costs shall not be debited from gross proceeds when actually incurred).

All of the hedge payments received by Whiting from the hedge contract counterparty upon settlements of hedge contracts and certain other non-production revenues, including salvage value for equipment related to plugged and abandoned wells, as detailed in the conveyance will offset the production and development costs outlined above (such production and development costs excluding the last bullet point above) in calculating the net proceeds. If the hedge payments received by Whiting and certain other non-production revenues exceed the operating expenses during a quarterly period, the use of such excess amounts to offset operating expenses will be deferred, with interest accruing on such amounts at the prevailing money market rate, until the next quarterly period when such amounts, together with other offsets to costs for the applicable quarter, are less than such expenses. If any excess amounts have not been used to offset costs at the time when the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when the terminal production amount has been produced and sold, which is the time when the net profits interest will terminate, then unitholders will not be entitled to receive the benefit of such excess amounts.

During each twelve-month period beginning on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2017 and (2) the time when 8.24 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent of 7.41 MMBOE in respect of the net profits interest) (in either case, the “capital expenditure limitation date”), the sum of the capital expenditures and amounts reserved for approved capital expenditure projects for such twelve-month period may not exceed the average annual capital expenditure amount. The “average annual capital expenditure amount” means the quotient of (x) the sum of the capital expenditures and amounts reserved for approved capital expenditure projects with respect to the three twelve-month periods ending on the capital expenditure limitation date, divided by (y) three. Commencing on the capital expenditure limitation date, and each anniversary of the capital expenditure limitation date thereafter, the average annual capital expenditure amount will be increased by 2.5% to account for expected increased costs due to inflation.

 

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As is customary in the oil and natural gas industry, Whiting will deduct from the gross proceeds an overhead fee to operate those underlying properties for which Whiting is designated as the operator consistent with the applicable operating agreements. Additionally, for those underlying properties for which Whiting is designated the operator but there is no operating agreement covering such underlying property, Whiting will deduct from the gross proceeds an overhead fee to operate such underlying properties based on overhead charges allocated by Whiting to such underlying property calculated in the same manner Whiting allocates overhead to other similarly owned property. The operating activities include various engineering, legal, accounting and administrative functions. The fee is based on a monthly charge and Whiting’s portion averaged $4,726 per annum for 2010 per active operated well, which totaled $1.8 million for the twelve months ending December 31, 2010 for all of the underlying properties. The fee is adjusted annually pursuant to COPAS guidelines and will increase or decrease each year based on changes in the year-end index of average weekly earnings of crude petroleum and natural gas workers.

In the event that the net proceeds for any computation period is a negative amount, the trust will receive no payment for that period, and any such negative amount plus accrued interest at the prevailing money market rate will be deducted from gross proceeds in the following computation period for purposes of determining the net proceeds for that following computation period.

Gross proceeds and net proceeds are calculated on a cash basis, except that certain costs, primarily ad valorem taxes and expenditures of a material amount, may be determined on an accrual basis.

ADDITIONAL PROVISIONS

If a controversy arises as to the sales price of any production, then for purposes of determining gross proceeds:

 

   

amounts withheld or placed in escrow by a purchaser are not considered to be received by Whiting until actually collected;

 

   

amounts received by Whiting and promptly deposited with a nonaffiliated escrow agent will not be considered to have been received until disbursed to it by the escrow agent; and

 

   

amounts received by Whiting and not deposited with an escrow agent will be considered to have been received.

The trustee is not obligated to return any cash received from the net profits interest. Any overpayments made to the trust by Whiting due to adjustments to prior calculations of net proceeds or otherwise will reduce future amounts payable to the trust until Whiting recovers the overpayments plus interest at the prevailing money market rate. Whiting may make such adjustments to prior calculations of net proceeds without the consent of the trust unitholders or the trustee, but is required to provide the trustee with notice of such adjustments and supporting data.

In addition, Whiting may, without the consent of the trust unitholders, require the trust to sell the net profits interest associated with any well or lease that accounts for less than or equal to 0.25% of the total production from the underlying properties in the prior 12 months, provided that the net profits interest covered by such releases cannot exceed, during any 12-month period, an aggregate fair market value to the trust of $1.0 million. These releases will be made only in connection with a sale by Whiting of the relevant underlying properties and are conditioned upon the trust receiving an amount equal to the fair value to the trust of such net profits interest. Any net sales proceeds paid to the trust are distributable to trust unitholders for the quarter in which they are received. Whiting has not identified for sale any of the underlying properties.

For the underlying properties for which it is the designated operator, Whiting may enter into farm-out, operating, participation and other similar agreements with respect to the property. Whiting may enter into any of these agreements without the consent or approval of the trustee or any trust unitholder.

 

 

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Whiting or any other operator will have the right to abandon any well or property if it reasonably believes the well or property ceases to produce or is not capable of producing in commercially paying quantities. In making such decisions, Whiting is required under the applicable conveyance to operate, or to use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the operators of the underlying properties to operate, the underlying properties as a reasonably prudent operator in the same manner it would if these properties were not burdened by the net profits interest. Upon termination of the lease, the portion of the net profits interest relating to the abandoned property will be extinguished.

Whiting must maintain books and records sufficient to determine the amounts payable for the net profits interest to the trust. Quarterly and annually, Whiting must deliver to the trustee a statement of the computation of the net proceeds for each computation period. The trustee has the right to inspect and copy the books and records maintained by Whiting during normal business hours and upon reasonable notice.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST AGREEMENT

The following information and the information included under “Description of the Trust Units” summarize the material information contained in the trust agreement and the conveyance. For more detailed provisions concerning the trust and the conveyance, you should read the trust agreement and the conveyance. Copies of the trust agreement and the conveyance will be filed as exhibits to the registration statement. See “Where you can find more information.”

CREATION AND ORGANIZATION OF THE TRUST; AMENDMENTS

Prior to the closing of this offering, Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, will convey the net profits interest to the trust in consideration for the issuance by the trust of             trust units, which will be distributed as a dividend to Whiting Petroleum Corporation. The first quarterly distribution is expected to be made on or prior to May 30, 2012 to trust unitholders owning trust units on May 20, 2012. The trust’s first quarterly distribution will consist of an amount in cash paid by Whiting equal to the amount that would have been payable to the trust had the net profits interest been in effect during the period from January 1, 2012 through the day prior to close of this offering plus the amount payable under the net profits interest for the period from the day of closing of the offering through March 31, 2012, less any general and administrative expenses and reserves of the trust.

The amount of quarterly cash distributions will be based on the amount of cash relating to the underlying properties that has been received and processed by Whiting and then remitted to the trustee during the applicable quarter, after deduction of trust administrative expenses. After the offering made hereby, Whiting will own its net interests in the underlying properties subject to and burdened by the net profits interest. The trust will be entitled to receive 90% of the net proceeds from the sale of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids volumes produced from the underlying properties calculated in accordance with the terms of the conveyance. See “Computation of net proceeds.”

The trust was created under Delaware law to acquire and hold the net profits interest for the benefit of the trust unitholders pursuant to an agreement between Whiting, the trustee and the Delaware trustee. The net profits interest is passive in nature and neither the trust nor the trustee has any control over or responsibility for costs relating to the operation of the underlying properties. Neither Whiting nor other operators of the underlying properties have any contractual commitments to the trust to provide additional funding or to conduct further drilling on or to maintain their ownership interest in any of these properties. After the conveyance of the net profits interest, however, Whiting will retain an interest in each of the underlying properties. For a description of the underlying properties and other information relating to them, see “The underlying properties.”

The trust agreement will provide that the trust’s business activities will be limited to owning the net profits interest and any activity reasonably related to such ownership, including activities required or permitted by the terms of the conveyance related to the net profits interest. As a result, the trust will not be permitted to acquire other oil and natural gas properties or net profits interests or otherwise to engage in activities beyond those necessary for the conservation and protection of the net profits interests.

The beneficial interest in the trust is divided into              trust units. Each of the trust units represents an equal undivided beneficial interest in the assets of the trust. You will find additional information concerning the trust units in “Description of the trust units.”

Amendment of the trust agreement requires a vote of holders of a majority of the outstanding trust units. However, no amendment may:

 

   

increase the power of the trustee or the Delaware trustee to engage in business or investment activities; or

 

   

alter the rights of the trust unitholders as among themselves.

 

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Certain amendments to the trust agreement do not require the vote of the trust unitholders. The trustee may, without approval of the trust unitholders, from time to time supplement or amend the trust agreement in order to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any defective or inconsistent provisions, to grant any benefit to all of the trust unitholders or to change the name of the trust, provided such supplement or amendment is not adverse to the interest of the trust unitholders in any material respect. See “Description of trust units — Voting rights of trust unitholders” for amendments to the trust agreement that require approval of the trust unitholders. The business and affairs of the trust will be managed by the trustee. Whiting has no ability to manage or influence the operations of the trust.

ASSETS OF THE TRUST

Upon completion of this offering, the assets of the trust will consist of the net profits interest and any cash and temporary investments being held for the payment of expenses and liabilities and for distribution to the trust unitholders.

DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE TRUSTEE

The duties of the trustee are specified in the trust agreement and by the laws of the State of Delaware, except as modified by the trust agreement. The trustee’s principal duties consist of:

 

   

collecting cash attributable to the net profits interest;

 

   

paying expenses, charges and obligations of the trust from the trust’s assets;

 

   

distributing distributable cash to the trust unitholders;

 

   

causing to be prepared and distributed a tax information report for each trust unitholder and to prepare and file tax returns on behalf of the trust;

 

   

causing to be prepared and filed reports required to be filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and by the rules of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the trust units are listed or admitted to trading;

 

   

causing to be prepared and filed a reserve report by or for the trust by independent reserve engineers as of December 31 of each year in accordance with criteria established by the SEC;

 

   

establishing, evaluating and maintaining a system of internal controls over financial reporting in compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002;

 

   

enforcing the rights under certain agreements entered into in connection with this offering; and

 

   

taking any action it deems necessary and advisable to best achieve the purposes of the trust.

In connection with the formation of the trust, the trustee entered into several agreements with Whiting that impose obligations upon Whiting that are enforceable by the trustee on behalf of the trust. For example, when making decisions with respect to the release, surrender or abandonment of the underlying properties, Whiting is obligated under the terms of the conveyance of the net profits interest to operate the underlying properties as a reasonably prudent operator in the same manner it would if these properties were its own properties and not burdened by the net profits interest. In addition, the trust has entered into an administrative services agreement with Whiting pursuant to which Whiting has agreed to perform specified administrative services on behalf of the trust in a good and workmanlike manner in accordance with the sound and prudent practices of providers of similar services. The trustee has the power and authority under the trust agreement to enforce these agreements on behalf of the trust.

The trustee may create a cash reserve to pay for future liabilities of the trust. If the trustee determines that the cash on hand and the cash to be received are insufficient to cover the trust’s liability, the trustee may borrow funds to pay liabilities of the trust. The trustee may borrow the funds from any person, including itself or its

 

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affiliates, but neither the trustee nor any of its affiliates has any obligation, commitment or intention to make any loan to the trust. The terms of such indebtedness, if funds were loaned by the entity serving as trustee or Delaware trustee or an affiliate thereof, would be similar to the terms which such entity would grant to a similarly situated commercial customer with whom it did not have a fiduciary relationship, and such entity shall be entitled to enforce its rights with respect to any such indebtedness as if it were not then serving as trustee or Delaware trustee. If the trustee borrows funds, the trust unitholders will not receive distributions until the borrowed funds are repaid. Whiting has agreed to provide a letter of credit in the amount of $1 million to the trustee to protect the trust against the risk that it does not have sufficient cash to pay liabilities.

Each quarter, the trustee will pay trust obligations and expenses and distribute to the trust unitholders the remaining proceeds received from the net profits interest. The cash held by the trustee as a reserve against future liabilities or for distribution at the next distribution date may be invested in:

 

   

accounts payable on demand;

 

   

money market funds that invest only in United States government securities;

 

   

interest bearing obligations of the United States government;

 

   

repurchase agreements secured by interest-bearing obligations of the United States government; or

 

   

bank certificates of deposit.

The trust may not acquire any asset except the net profits interest, cash and temporary cash investments, and it may not engage in any investment activity except investing cash on hand.

The trust may merge or consolidate with or into one or more limited partnerships, general partnerships, corporations, business trusts, limited liability companies, or associations or unincorporated businesses if such transaction is agreed to by the trustee and by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding trust units and such transaction is permitted under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act and any other applicable law.

Whiting may request that the trustee sell certain of its net profits interest under any of the following circumstances:

 

   

the sale involves the release of the net profits interest associated with any well or lease that accounts for less than or equal to 0.25% of the total production from the underlying properties in the prior 12 months, provided that the net profits interest covered by such releases cannot exceed, during any 12-month period, an aggregate fair market value to the trust of $1,000,000; or

 

   

holders representing a majority of the outstanding trust units approve the sale.

In addition, if Whiting is notified by a person with whom Whiting is a party to a contract containing a prior reversionary interest that Whiting is required to convey any of the underlying properties to such person or cease production from any well, then Whiting may provide such conveyance with respect to such underlying property or permanently cease production from such well. Such a reversionary interest typically results from the provisions of a joint operating agreement that governs the drilling of wells on jointly owned property and financial arrangements for instances where all owners may not want to make the capital expenditure necessary to drill a new well. The reversionary interest is created because an owner that does not consent to capital expenditures will not have to pay its share of the capital expenditure, but instead will relinquish its share of proceeds from the well until the consenting owners receive payout (or a multiple of payout) of their capital expenditures. In such case, Whiting may request the trustee to reconvey to Whiting the net profits interest with respect to any such underlying property or well. The trust will not receive any consideration for such reconveyance of a portion of the net profits interest, but such reconveyance will not have any impact on the trust’s right to receive 90% of the net proceeds from the sale of production from the underlying properties during the term of the net profits interest.

 

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Under certain limited circumstances, the Trustee may be required to sell all or a portion of the net profits interest without the approval of the trust unitholders. Upon dissolution of the trust, the trustee must sell the net profits interest. No trust unitholder approval is required in this event.

The trustee may require any trust unitholder to dispose of his trust units if an administrative or judicial proceeding seeks to cancel or forfeit any of the property in which the trust holds an interest because of the nationality or other status of that trust unitholder. If a trust unitholder fails to dispose of his trust units, the trustee has the right to purchase them and to borrow funds to make that purchase. The trustee will distribute the net proceeds from any sale of the net profits interest and other assets to the trust unitholders.

The trustee is expected to maintain a website for filings made by the trust with the SEC to the extent required to do so by the New York Stock Exchange or any other exchange on which the units may be listed.

The trustee may agree to modifications of the terms of the conveyance to correct errors or to settle disputes involving the conveyance. The trustee may not agree to modifications or settle disputes involving the conveyance if such modifications or settlements alter the nature of the net profits interest as the right to receive a share of the net proceeds from production from the underlying properties in accordance with the conveyance or result in a variance of the investment of the trust or trust unitholders. Additionally, the trustee may supplement or amend the registration rights agreement or the administrative services agreement without the approval of trust unitholders provided that such supplement or amendment would not increase the costs or expenses of the trust or adversely affect the economic interests of the trust unitholders in any material respect.

LIABILITIES OF THE TRUST

Because the trust does not conduct an active business and the trustee has little power to incur obligations, it is expected that the trust will only incur liabilities for routine administrative expenses, such as the trustee’s fees and accounting, engineering, legal, tax advisory and other professional fees and other fees and expenses applicable to public companies and in connection with this offering.

FEES AND EXPENSES

The trust will be responsible for paying all legal, accounting, tax advisory, engineering and stock exchange fees, printing costs and other administrative and out-of-pocket expenses incurred by or at the direction of the trustee or the Delaware trustee, including those incurred by Whiting on behalf of the trust. The trust will also be responsible for paying other expenses incurred as a result of being a publicly traded entity, including costs associated with annual and quarterly reports to unitholders, preparation of tax information material and distribution, independent auditor fees and registrar and transfer agent fees. These trust administrative expenses are expected to be approximately $1.0 million in 2012 and annually thereafter, although such costs could be greater or less depending on future events that cannot be predicted. Included in the estimate is an annual administrative fee of $175,000 for the trustee , which escalates annually by 2.5% starting in 2017, an annual administrative fee of $3,500 for the Delaware trustee and an annual administrative fee of $200,000 for Whiting. See “The trust — Administrative services agreement.” The trust will also pay, out of the first cash payment received by the trust, the trustee’s and Delaware trustee’s fees and legal expenses incurred in forming the trust, in connection with this initial public offering and related matters, as well as the Delaware trustee’s acceptance fee in the amount of $3,500. These costs will be deducted by the trust before distributions are made to trust unitholders.

 

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FIDUCIARY RESPONSIBILITY AND LIABILITY OF THE TRUSTEE

The trustee will not make business decisions affecting the assets of the trust except to the extent it enforces its rights under the conveyance agreement related to the net profits interest and the administrative services agreement described above under “— Duties and powers of the trustee” that will be executed in connection with this offering. Therefore, substantially all of the trustee’s functions under the trust agreement are expected to be ministerial in nature. See “— Duties and powers of the trustee,” above. The trust agreement, however, provides that the trustee may:

 

   

charge for its services as trustee;

 

   

retain funds to pay for future expenses and deposit them with one or more banks or financial institutions (which may include the trustee to the extent permitted by law);

 

   

lend funds at commercial rates to the trust to pay the trust’s expenses; and

 

   

seek reimbursement from the trust for its out-of-pocket expenses.

In discharging its duty to trust unitholders, the trustee may act in its discretion and will be liable to the trust unitholders only for its own fraud or acts or omissions in bad faith or which constitute gross negligence. The trustee will not be liable for any act or omission of its agents or employees unless the trustee acted in bad faith or with gross negligence in their selection and retention. The trustee will be indemnified individually or as the trustee for any liability or cost that it incurs in the administration of the trust, except in cases of fraud, gross negligence or bad faith. The trustee will have a lien on the assets of the trust as security for this indemnification and its compensation earned as trustee. Trust unitholders will not be liable to the trustee for any indemnification. See “Description of the trust units — Liability of trust Unitholders.”

The trustee may consult with counsel, accountants, tax advisors, geologists, engineers and other parties the trustee believes to be qualified as experts on the matters for which advice is sought. The trustee will be protected for any action it takes in reasonable reliance upon the opinion of the expert.

Except as expressly set forth in the trust agreement, neither the trustee, the Delaware trustee nor the other indemnified parties have any duties or liabilities, including fiduciary duties, to the trust or any trust unitholder. The provisions of the trust agreement, to the extent they restrict, eliminate or otherwise modify the duties and liabilities, including fiduciary duties of these persons otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the trust unitholders to replace such other duties and liabilities of these persons.

The Delaware trustee and the trustee may, jointly, from time to time supplement or amend the conveyance, the administrative services agreement and the registration rights agreement to which the trust is a party without the approval of trust unitholders in order to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision contained therein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions therein, to grant any benefit to all of the trust unitholders, or to change the name of the trust. Such supplement or amendment, however, may not adversely affect the interests of the trust unitholders in any material respect.

TERMINATION OF THE TRUST; SALE OF THE NET PROFITS INTEREST

The net profits interest will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when the terminal production amount has been produced and sold, and the trust will soon thereafter wind up its affairs and terminate. The trust will dissolve prior to the termination of the net profits interest if:

 

   

the trust sells the net profits interest;

 

   

annual cash proceeds to the trust attributable to the net profits interest are less than $2.0 million for each of two consecutive years;

 

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the holders of a majority of the outstanding trust units vote in favor of dissolution; or

 

   

judicial dissolution of the trust.

The trustee would then sell all of the trust’s assets, either by private sale or public auction, and distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the trust unitholders.

DISPUTE RESOLUTION

Any dispute, controversy or claim that may arise between Whiting and the trustee relating to the trust will be submitted to binding arbitration before a tribunal of three arbitrators. The trust agreement provides that where trust unitholders bring a lawsuit against the trustee to compel the trustee to bring an action against Whiting, the arbitrators may conclude that the trust unitholders are required to pay the expenses of arbitration.

COMPENSATION OF THE TRUSTEE AND THE DELAWARE TRUSTEE

The trustee’s and the Delaware trustee’s compensation will be paid out of the trust’s assets. See “— Fees and expenses.”

MISCELLANEOUS

The principal offices of the trust are located at 919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500, Austin, Texas 78701, and its telephone number is (512) 236-6599.

The Delaware trustee and the trustee may resign at any time or be removed with or without cause at any time by a vote of not less than a majority of the outstanding trust units. Subject to certain exceptions, any successor must be a bank or trust company meeting certain requirements including having combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of at least $20.0 million, in the case of the Delaware trustee, and $100.0 million, in the case of the trustee.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF THE TRUST UNITS

Each trust unit is a unit of the beneficial interest in the trust and is entitled to receive cash distributions from the trust on a pro rata basis. Each trust unitholder has the same rights regarding each of his or her trust units as every other trust unitholder has regarding his or her units. The trust units will be in book-entry form only and will not be represented by certificates. The             trust will have trust units outstanding upon completion of this offering.

DISTRIBUTIONS AND INCOME COMPUTATIONS

Each quarter, the trustee will determine the amount of funds available for distribution to the trust unitholders. Available funds are the excess cash, if any, received by the trust from the net profits interest and other sources (such as interest earned on any amounts reserved by the trustee) that quarter, over the trust’s liabilities for that quarter. Available funds will be reduced by any cash the trustee decides to hold as a reserve against future liabilities. The trustee anticipates maintaining a reserve each quarter equal to the trust’s estimated out of pocket expenses for the next quarter. It is expected that quarterly cash distributions during the term of the trust will be made by the trustee no later than 60 days following the end of each quarter (or the next succeeding business day) to the trust unitholders of record on the 50th day following the end of each quarter.

Unless otherwise advised by counsel or the IRS, the trustee will treat the income and expenses of the trust for each quarter as belonging to the trust unitholders of record on the quarterly record date. Trust unitholders will recognize income and expenses for tax purposes in the quarter the trust receives or pays those amounts, rather than in the quarter the trust distributes them. Minor variances may occur. For example, the trustee could establish a reserve in one quarter that would not result in a tax deduction until a later quarter. The trustee could also make a payment in one quarter that would be amortized for tax purposes over several quarters. See “U.S. federal income tax consequences.”

PERIODIC REPORTS

The trustee will file all required trust federal and state income tax and information returns. The trustee will prepare and mail to trust unitholders annual reports that trust unitholders need to correctly report their share of the income and deductions of the trust. The trustee will also cause to be prepared and filed reports required to be filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and by the rules of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the trust units are listed or admitted to trading, and will also cause the trust to comply with all of the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, including but not limited to, establishing, evaluating and maintaining a system of internal controls over financial reporting in compliance with the requirements of Section 404 thereof.

Each trust unitholder and his representatives may examine, for any proper purpose, during reasonable business hours, the records of the trust and the trustee.

TRANSFER OF TRUST UNITS

Trust unitholders may transfer their trust units in accordance with the trust agreement. The trustee will not require either the transferor or transferee to pay a service charge for any transfer of a trust unit. The trustee may require payment of any tax or other governmental charge imposed for a transfer. The trustee may treat the owner of any trust unit as shown by its records as the owner of the trust unit. The trustee will not be considered to know about any claim or demand on a trust unit by any party except the record owner. A person who acquires a trust unit after any quarterly record date will not be entitled to the distribution relating to that quarterly record date. Delaware law will govern all matters affecting the title, ownership or transfer of trust units.

 

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LIABILITY OF TRUST UNITHOLDERS

Under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, trust unitholders will be entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations for profit under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. No assurance can be given, however, that the courts in jurisdictions outside of Delaware will give effect to such limitation.

VOTING RIGHTS OF TRUST UNITHOLDERS

The trustee or trust unitholders owning at least 10% of the outstanding trust units may call meetings of trust unitholders. The trust will be responsible for all costs associated with calling a meeting of trust unitholders unless such meeting is called by the trust unitholders, in which case the trust unitholders will be responsible for all costs associated with calling such meeting of trust unitholders. Meetings must be held in such location as is designated by the trustee in the notice of such meeting. The trustee must send written notice of the time and place of the meeting and the matters to be acted upon to all of the trust unitholders at least 20 days and not more than 60 days before the meeting. Trust unitholders representing a majority of trust units outstanding must be present or represented to have a quorum. Each trust unitholder is entitled to one vote for each trust unit owned.

Unless otherwise required by the trust agreement, a matter may be approved or disapproved by the vote of a majority of the trust units held by the trust unitholders at a meeting where there is a quorum. This is true, even if a majority of the total trust units did not approve it. In determining whether the holders of the required number of units have approved any matter that is submitted to a vote of unitholders those units owned by Whiting will be disregarded if such matter either would result in increased costs and expenses to the trust or would adversely affect the economic interests of trust unitholders. The affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding trust units is required to:

 

   

dissolve the trust;

 

   

remove the trustee or the Delaware trustee;

 

   

amend the trust agreement (except with respect to certain matters that do not adversely affect the rights of trust unitholders in any material respect);

 

   

merge or consolidate the trust with or into another entity;

 

   

approve the sale of assets of the trust unless the sale involves the release of less than or equal to 0.25% of the total production from the underlying properties for the last twelve months and the aggregate asset sales do not have a fair market value in excess of $500,000 for the last twelve months; or

 

   

agree to amend or terminate the conveyance.

In addition, certain amendments to the trust agreement, conveyance, administrative services agreement and registration rights agreement may be made by the trustee without approval of the trust unitholders. See “Description of the trust agreement — Creation and organization of the trust; amendments” and “Description of the trust agreement — Duties and powers of the trustee.”

COMPARISON OF TRUST UNITS AND COMMON STOCK

Trust unitholders have more limited voting rights than those of stockholders of most public corporations. For example, there is no requirement for annual meetings of trust unitholders or for annual or other periodic re-election of the trustee.

 

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You should also be aware of the following ways in which an investment in trust units is different from an investment in common stock of a corporation.

 

    

Trust Units

  

Common Stock

Voting

   The trust agreement provides voting rights to trust unitholders to remove and replace the trustee and to approve or disapprove major trust transactions.    Corporate statutes provide voting rights to stockholders to elect directors and to approve or disapprove major corporate transactions.

Income Tax

   The trust is not subject to income tax; trust unitholders are subject to income tax on their pro rata share of trust income, gain, loss and deduction.    Corporations are taxed on their income and their stockholders are taxed on dividends.

Distributions

   Substantially all of the cash receipts of the trust is required to be distributed to trust unitholders.    Stockholders receive dividends at the discretion of the board of directors.

Business and Assets

   The business of the trust is limited to specific assets with a finite economic life.    A corporation conducts an active business for an unlimited term and can reinvest its earnings and raise additional capital to expand.

Fiduciary Duties

   The trustee shall not be liable to the trust unitholders for any of its acts or omissions absent its own fraud, gross negligence or bad faith.    Officers and directors have a fiduciary duty of loyalty to stockholders and a duty to use due care in management and administration of a corporation.

 

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TRUST UNITS ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

GENERAL

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the trust units. Sales of substantial amounts of the trust units in the open market, or the perception that those sales could occur, could adversely affect prevailing market prices.

Upon completion of this offering, there will be outstanding             trust units. All of the             trust units sold in this offering, or the             trust units if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full, will be freely tradable without restriction under the Securities Act. All of the trust units outstanding other than the trust units sold in this offering (a total of             trust units unless the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option) will be “restricted securities” within the meaning of Rule 144 under the Securities Act and may not be sold other than through registration under the Securities Act or pursuant to an exemption from registration, subject to the restrictions on transfer contained in the lock-up agreements described below and in “Underwriting.”

LOCK-UP AGREEMENTS

In connection with this offering, Whiting has agreed, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, not to offer, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of or transfer any trust units or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for trust units without the prior written consent of Raymond James & Associates, Inc., subject to specified exceptions. See “Underwriting” for a description of these lock-up arrangements. Upon the expiration of these lock-up agreements,             trust units unless the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option, will be eligible for sale in the public market under Rule 144 of the Securities Act, subject to volume limitations and other restrictions contained in Rule 144, or through registration under the Securities Act.

RULE 144

In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, beginning 90 days after this offering, a person or persons whose trust units are aggregated that are an affiliate of the trust, who owns trust units within the definition of “restricted securities” under Rule 144 that were purchased from the trust, or any affiliate, at least six months previously, would be entitled to sell within any three-month period a number of units that does not exceed the greater of 1% of the then outstanding trust units or the average weekly trading volume of the trust units on the New York Stock Exchange during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a notice of the sale on Form 144. Sales under Rule 144 by affiliates are also subject to manner of sale provisions, notice requirements and the availability of current public information about the trust.

A person who is not deemed to have been an affiliate of the trust at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who owns trust units within the definition of “restricted securities” under Rule 144 that were purchased from the trust, or any affiliate, at least six months previously, would, beginning 90 days after this offering, be entitled to sell trust units under Rule 144 without regard to the volume limitations, manner of sale provisions or notice requirements described above and, after one year, without regard to the public information requirement.

 

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REGISTRATION RIGHTS

The trust intends to enter into a registration rights agreement with Whiting in connection with Whiting’s contribution to the trust of the net profits interest. In the registration rights agreement, the trust will agree, for the benefit of Whiting and any transferee of its trust units (each, a “holder”), to register the trust units it holds. Specifically, the trust will agree:

 

   

subject to the restrictions described above under “— Lock-up agreements” and under “Underwriting — Lock-up agreements,” to use its reasonable best efforts to file a registration statement, including, if so requested, a shelf registration statement, with the SEC as promptly as practicable following receipt of a notice requesting the filing of a registration statement from holders representing a majority of the then outstanding registrable trust units;

 

   

to use its reasonable best efforts to cause the registration statement or shelf registration statement to be declared effective under the Securities Act as promptly as practicable after the filing thereof; and

 

   

to continuously maintain the effectiveness of the registration statement under the Securities Act for 90 days (or for three years if a shelf registration statement is requested) after the effectiveness thereof or until the trust units covered by the registration statement have been sold pursuant to such registration statement or until all registrable trust units:

 

   

have been sold pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act if the transferee thereof does not receive “restricted securities;” or

 

   

have been sold in a private transaction in which the transferor’s rights under the registration rights agreement are not assigned to the transferee of the trust units.

The holders representing a majority of the then outstanding registrable trust units will have the right to require the trust to file up to three registration statements and all holders will have piggyback registration rights in certain circumstances.

In connection with the preparation and filing of any registration statement, Whiting will bear all costs and expenses incidental to any registration statement, excluding certain internal expenses of the trust, which will be borne by the trust, and any underwriting discounts, which will be borne by the seller of the trust units. The registration rights agreement will automatically terminate in the event that the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full.

 

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DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION

The business and affairs of the trust will be managed by the trustee. As such, the trust does not have any executive officers, directors or employees. Information relating to Whiting’s directors and compensation of Whiting’s executive officers and directors is incorporated by reference into this prospectus from its proxy statement for its 2011 annual meeting of stockholders. Information relating to Whiting’s executive officers is incorporated by reference into this prospectus from its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010. See “Where you can find more information” for information relating to where you can find these documents.

 

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U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

The following is a discussion of the material U.S. federal income tax considerations that may be relevant to prospective trust unitholders and, unless otherwise noted in the following discussion, expresses the opinion of Foley & Lardner LLP, insofar as it relates to matters of law and legal conclusions. This section is based upon current provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), existing (and to the extent noted proposed) Treasury regulations thereunder, and current administrative rulings and court decisions, all of which are subject to change or different interpretation at any time, possibly with retroactive effect. Subsequent changes in such authorities may cause the U.S. federal income tax consequences to vary substantially from the consequences described below. No attempt has been made in the following discussion to comment on all U.S. federal income tax matters affecting the trust or the trust unitholders.

No ruling has been or will be requested from the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) with respect to the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the trust, including a ruling as to the status of the trust as a grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Instead, the trust is relying on opinions of Foley & Lardner LLP. Unlike a ruling, an opinion of counsel represents only that counsel’s best legal judgment and does not bind the IRS or the courts. Accordingly, the opinions and statements made herein may not be sustained by a court if contested by the IRS. Any contest of this sort with the IRS may materially and adversely impact the market for the trust units and the prices at which trust units trade. In addition, the costs of any contest with the IRS, principally legal, accounting and related fees, will result in a reduction in cash available for distribution to the trust unitholders, and thus will be borne indirectly by the trust unitholders. Furthermore, the tax treatment of the trust, or of an investment in the trust, may be significantly modified by future legislative or administrative changes or court decisions. Any modifications may or may not be retroactively applied.

All statements as to matters of law and legal conclusions, but not as to factual matters, contained in this section, unless otherwise noted, are the opinion of Foley & Lardner LLP and are based on the accuracy of the representations made by Whiting and the trust.

For the reasons described below, Foley & Lardner LLP has not rendered an opinion with respect to the following specific federal income tax issues: (1) whether the trust’s quarterly convention for allocating taxable income and losses is permitted (please read “— Tax consequences of trust unit ownership — Direct taxation of trust unitholders”); and (2) the treatment of the net profits interest in the event it is not treated as a “production payment” under Section 636 of the Code or otherwise as a debt instrument for U.S. federal tax purposes, including whether or the extent to which depletion would be available to a trust unitholder with respect to the net profits interest (please read “— Tax consequences to U.S. trust unitholders — Payments of interest on the trust units”).

The following discussion is limited to trust unitholders who purchase the trust units upon the initial issuance at the initial issue price (which will equal the first price at which a substantial amount of trust units are sold to the public for cash) and who hold the trust units as “capital assets” (generally, property held for investment). All references to “trust unitholders” (including U.S. trust unitholders and non-U.S. trust unitholders) are to beneficial owners of the trust units. This summary does not address the effect of the U.S. federal estate or gift tax laws or the tax considerations arising under the law of any state, local or foreign jurisdiction. Moreover, the discussion has only limited application to trust unitholders subject to specialized tax treatment such as, without limitation:

 

   

banks, insurance companies or other financial institutions;

 

   

trust unitholders subject to the alternative minimum tax;

 

   

tax-exempt organizations;

 

   

dealers in securities or commodities;

 

   

regulated investment companies;

 

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traders in securities that elect to use a mark-to-market method of accounting for their securities holdings;

 

   

non-U.S. trust unitholders (as defined below) that are “controlled foreign corporations” or “passive foreign investment companies”;

 

   

persons that are S-corporations, partnerships or other pass-through entities;

 

   

persons that own their interest in the trust units through S-corporations, partnerships or other pass-through entities;

 

   

persons that at any time own more than 5% of the aggregate fair market value of the trust units;

 

   

certain former citizens or long-term residents of the United States;

 

   

U.S. trust unitholders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;

 

   

persons who hold the trust units as a position in a hedging transaction, “straddle,” “conversion transaction” or other risk reduction transaction; or

 

   

persons deemed to sell the trust units under the constructive sale provisions of the Code.

Prospective investors are urged to consult their own tax advisors as to the particular tax consequences to them of the ownership and disposition of an investment in trust units, including the applicability of any U.S. federal income, federal estate or gift tax, state, local and foreign tax laws, changes in applicable tax laws and any pending or proposed legislation.

As used herein, the term “U.S. trust unitholder” means a beneficial owner of trust units that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is:

 

   

an individual who is a citizen of the United States or who is resident in the United States for U.S. federal income tax purposes;

 

   

a corporation, or an entity treated as a corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, a state thereof or the District of Columbia;

 

   

an estate the income of which is subject to U.S. federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

   

a trust if it is subject to the primary supervision of a U.S. court and the control of one or more United States persons (as defined for U.S. federal income tax purposes) or that has a valid election in effect under applicable U.S. Treasury regulations to be treated as a United States person.

The term “non-U.S. trust unitholder” means any beneficial owner of a trust unit (other than an entity that is classified for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a partnership or as a “disregarded entity”) that is not a U.S. trust unitholder.

If an entity that is classified for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a partnership or as a “disregarded entity” is a beneficial owner of trust units, the tax treatment of a member of the entity will depend upon the status of the member and the activities of the entity. Any entity that is classified for U.S. federal income tax purposes as a partnership or as a “disregarded entity” and that is a beneficial owner of trust units, and the members of such an entity, should consult their own tax advisors about the U.S. federal income tax consequences of purchasing, owning, and disposing of trust units.

Classification and taxation of the trust

In the opinion of Foley & Lardner LLP, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, the trust will be treated as a grantor trust and not as an unincorporated business entity. As a grantor trust, the trust will not be subject to tax at the trust level. Rather, the grantors, who in this case are the trust unitholders, will be considered to own and receive the trust’s assets and income and will be directly taxable thereon as though no trust were in existence.

 

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The remainder of the discussion below is based on Foley & Lardner LLP’s opinion that the trust will be classified as a grantor trust for federal income tax purposes.

Reporting requirements for widely-held fixed investment trusts.

Under Treasury Regulations, the trust is classified as a widely-held fixed investment trust. Those Treasury Regulations require the sharing of tax information among trustees and intermediaries that hold a trust interest on behalf of or for the account of a beneficial owner or any representative or agent of a trust interest holder of fixed investment trusts that are classified as widely-held fixed investment trusts. These reporting requirements provide for the dissemination of trust tax information by the trustee to intermediaries who are ultimately responsible for reporting the investor-specific information through Form 1099 to the investors and the IRS. Every trustee or intermediary that is required to file a Form 1099 for a trust unitholder must furnish a written tax information statement that is in support of the amounts as reported on the applicable Form 1099 to the trust unitholder. Any generic tax information provided by the trustee of the trust is intended to be used only to assist trust unitholders in the preparation of their federal and state income tax returns.

Direct taxation of trust unitholders

Because the trust will be treated as a grantor trust for U.S. federal income tax purposes, trust unitholders will be treated for such purposes as owning direct interests in the assets of the trust, and each trust unitholder will be taxed directly on his pro rata share of the income and gain attributable to the assets of the trust and will be entitled to claim his pro rata share of the deductions and expenses attributable to the assets of the trust (subject to certain limitations discussed below). Information returns will be filed as required by the widely held fixed investment trust rules, reporting to the trust unitholders all items of income, gain, loss, deduction and credit, which will be allocated based on record ownership on the quarterly record dates and must be included in the tax returns of the trust unitholders. Income, gain, loss, deduction and credits attributable to the assets of the trust will be taken into account by trust unitholders consistent with their method of accounting and without regard to the taxable year or accounting method employed by the trust.

Following the end of each quarter, the trustee will determine the amount of funds available as of the end of such quarter for distribution to the trust unitholders and will make distributions of available funds, if any, to the unitholders on or about the 60th day following the end of the quarter to the unitholders of record on the 50th day following the end of the quarter. In certain circumstances, however, a trust unitholder will not receive the distribution attributable to such income. For example, if the trustee establishes a reserve or borrows money to satisfy liabilities of the trust, income associated with the cash used to establish that reserve or to repay that loan must be reported by the trust unitholder, even though that cash is not distributed to the trust unitholder.

As described above, the trust will allocate items of income, gain, loss, deductions and credits to trust unitholders based on record ownership at the quarterly record dates. The IRS could disagree with this allocation method and could assert that income and deductions of the trust should be determined and allocated on a daily or prorated basis, which could require adjustments to the tax returns of the unitholders affected by the issue and result in an increase in the administrative expense of the trust in subsequent periods.

Tax rates

Under current law, the highest stated U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income of individuals is 35% and the highest stated U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to long-term capital gains (generally, capital gains on certain assets held for more than 12 months) of individuals is 15%. However, absent new legislation extending the current rates, beginning January 1, 2013, the highest stated U.S. federal income tax rate applicable to ordinary income and long-term capital gains of individuals will increase to 39.6% and 20%, respectively. Moreover, these rates are subject to change by new legislation at any time.

 

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The recently enacted Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 will impose a 3.8% Medicare tax on certain investment income earned by individuals and certain estates and trusts for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012. For these purposes, investment income would generally include interest income derived from investments such as the trust units and gain realized by a trust unitholder from a sale of trust units. In the case of an individual, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of (i) the trust unitholder’s net income from all investments, and (ii) the amount by which the trust unitholder’s modified adjusted gross income exceeds $250,000 (if the trust unitholder is married and filing jointly or a surviving spouse) or $200,000 (if the trust unitholder is not married). In the case of an estate or trust, the tax will be imposed on the lesser of (1) undistributed net investment income, or (2) the excess adjusted gross income over the dollar amount at which the highest income tax bracket applicable to an estate or trust begins.

Classification of the net profits interest

Based on the reserve report and representations made by Whiting regarding the expected economic life of the underlying properties and the expected duration of the net profits interest, in the opinion of Foley & Lardner LLP, (i) the net profits interest should be treated as a “production payment” under Section 636 of the Code or otherwise as a debt instrument for U.S. federal income tax purposes and (ii) the net profits interest should therefore be treated as indebtedness subject to the Treasury Regulations applicable to contingent payment debt instruments regulations (the “CPDI regulations”). The trust has agreed to be bound by Whiting’s application of the CPDI regulations, including Whiting’s determination of the rate at which interest is deemed to accrue on such interests. Thus, each trust unitholder should be treated as making a loan on the underlying properties to Whiting in an aggregate amount generally equal to the purchase price of the trust units (less an amount equal to the distribution attributable to the period from January 1, 2012 through the day prior to the close of this offering) and proceeds payable to the trust from the sale of production from the burdened properties (from and after the day of closing of this offering) should be treated as payments of principal and interest on a debt instrument issued by Whiting.

Foley & Lardner LLP is unable to render a stronger opinion regarding the treatment of the net profits interest because of uncertainty regarding the impact of payments under the hedge contracts and payments based on the production of minerals prior to the effective time of the trust on the characterization of the net profits interest for federal income tax purposes. Specifically, the legal authorities are not clear on whether any of these payments would cause the net profits interest to fail to qualify as an economic interest in minerals in place. If the net profits interest failed to so qualify, it would not be treated as a production payment under Section 636 of the Code. If the net profits interest is not properly treated as a production payment, it does not have sufficient characteristics of a traditional debt instrument to permit Foley & Lardner LLP to provide an opinion that the net profits interest will be a debt instrument for federal income tax purposes.

Whiting and the trust will treat the net profits interest as indebtedness subject to the CPDI regulations, and by purchasing trust units, each trust unitholder will agree to be bound by Whiting’s application of the CPDI regulations, including its determination of the rate at which interest will be deemed to accrue on the net profits interest (treated as a debt instrument for U.S. federal income tax purposes). The remainder of this discussion assumes that the net profits interest will be treated in accordance with that agreement and Whiting’s determinations. No assurance can be given that the IRS will not assert that the net profits interest should be treated differently. Such different treatment could affect the amount, timing and character of income, gain or loss in respect of an investment in trust units and could require a trust unitholder to accrue interest income at a rate different than the “comparable yield” described below.

TAX CONSEQUENCES TO U.S. TRUST UNITHOLDERS

Payments of interest on the trust units

Under the CPDI regulations, U.S. trust unitholders generally will be required to accrue income on the net profits interest in the amounts described below, regardless of whether the U.S. trust unitholder uses the cash or accrual method of tax accounting.

 

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The CPDI regulations provide that a U.S. trust unitholder must accrue an amount of ordinary interest income for U.S. federal income tax purposes, for each accrual period prior to and including the maturity date of the debt instrument, that equals:

 

   

the product of (i) the adjusted issue price (as defined below) of the debt instrument represented by ownership of trust units as of the beginning of the accrual period; and (ii) the comparable yield to maturity (as defined below) of such debt instrument, adjusted for the length of the accrual period;

 

   

divided by the number of days in the accrual period; and

 

   

multiplied by the number of days during the accrual period that the trust unitholder held the trust units.

The “issue price” of the debt instrument held by the trust is the first price at which a substantial amount of the trust units is sold to the public, excluding sales to bond houses, brokers or similar persons or organizations acting in the capacity of underwriters, placement agents or wholesalers. The “adjusted issue price” of such a debt instrument is its issue price increased by any interest income previously accrued, determined without regard to any adjustments to interest accruals described below, and decreased by the projected amount of any payments scheduled to be made with respect to the debt instrument at an earlier time (without regard to the actual amount paid). The term “comparable yield” means the annual yield Whiting would be expected to pay, as of the initial issue date, on a fixed rate debt security with no contingent payments but with terms and conditions otherwise comparable to those of the debt instrument represented by ownership of trust units.

Under the CPDI regulations, Whiting is required to establish the comparable yield for the debt instrument represented by ownership of the trust units. Whiting intends to take the position that the comparable yield for the debt instrument held by the trust is an annual rate of approximately 9.0%, compounded quarterly. The CPDI regulations require that Whiting provides to the trust, solely for determining the amount of interest accruals for U.S. federal income tax purposes, a schedule of the projected amounts of payments, which are referred to as projected payments, on the debt instrument held by the trust. These payments set forth on the schedule must produce a total return on such debt instrument equal to its comparable yield. Amounts treated as interest under the CPDI regulations are treated as original issue discount for all purposes of the Code.

As required by the CPDI regulations, for U.S. federal income tax purposes, each holder of trust units must use the comparable yield and the schedule of projected payments as described above in determining its interest accruals, and the adjustments thereto described below, in respect of the debt instrument held by the trust. You may obtain the projected payment schedule by submitting a written request for such information to Whiting Petroleum Corporation at 1700 Broadway, Suite 2300, Denver, Colorado 80290-2300, Attention: Corporate Secretary.

Whiting’s determinations of the comparable yield and the projected payment schedule are not binding on the IRS and it could challenge such determinations. If it did so, and if any such challenge were successful, then the amount and timing of interest income accruals of the trust unitholders would be different from those reported by Whiting or included on previously filed tax returns by the trust unitholders.

The comparable yield and the schedule of projected payments are not determined for any purpose other than for the determination for U.S. federal income tax purposes of a trust unitholder’s interest accruals and adjustments thereof in respect of the debt instrument represented by ownership of trust units and do not constitute a projection or representation regarding the actual amounts payable on the trust units.

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a trust unitholder is required under the CPDI regulations to use the comparable yield and the projected payment schedule established by Whiting in determining interest accruals and adjustments in respect of a unit, unless such trust unitholder timely discloses and justifies the use of a different comparable yield and projected payment schedule to the IRS. Pursuant to the terms of the conveyance, the trust and every trust unitholder agree (in the absence of an administrative determination or judicial ruling to the contrary) to be bound by Whiting’s determination of the comparable yield and projected payment schedule.

 

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If, during any taxable year, a U.S. trust unitholder receives actual payments with respect to the debt instrument held by the trust that in the aggregate exceed the total amount of projected payments for that taxable year, the trust unitholder will incur a “net positive adjustment” under the CPDI regulations equal to the amount of such excess. The U.S. trust unitholder is required to treat a “net positive adjustment” as additional interest income for such taxable year.

If a U.S. trust unitholder receives in a taxable year actual payments with respect to the debt instrument held by the trust that in the aggregate are less than the amount of projected payments for that taxable year, the U.S. trust unitholder will incur a “net negative adjustment” under the CPDI regulations equal to the amount of such deficit. This adjustment will (a) first reduce the U.S. trust unitholder’s interest income on the debt instrument held by the trust for that taxable year, and (b) to the extent of any excess after the application of (a) give rise to an ordinary loss to the extent of the trust unitholder’s interest income on such debt instrument during prior taxable years, reduced to the extent such interest was offset by prior net negative adjustments. Any negative adjustment in excess of the amount described in (a) and (b) will be carried forward, as a negative adjustment to offset future interest income in respect of the debt instrument held by the trust or to reduce the amount realized on a sale, exchange, conversion or retirement of such debt instrument.

The portion of the purchase price of the trust units attributable to the right to receive a distribution based on production from the Underlying Properties for the period commencing January 1, 2012 and ending on the day prior to the close of this offering will be treated by Whiting and the trust as a tax-free return of capital when such distribution is received.

Neither the trust nor the trust unitholders are entitled to claim depletion deductions with respect to the net profits interest.

If the net profits interest is not properly treated as a debt instrument, then the U.S. federal income tax consequences are uncertain. If the net profits interest is not treated as a production payment (and not otherwise as a debt instrument) for federal income tax purposes, the trust intends to take the position that its basis in the net profits interest is recouped in proportion to the production from the net profits interest. In that event a trust unitholder should be allowed to recoup its basis in the net profits interest, either through depletion or amortization deductions or by excluding from income a portion of the payments received as a recovery of capital. If the basis is recovered through deductions, however, the IRS may contend that the deductions so allowed are itemized deductions and therefore subject to a 2% floor on miscellaneous itemized deductions and, beginning on January 1, 2013, absent new applicable legislation, a phase out of excess itemized deductions. Because of this uncertainty, Foley & Lardner LLP has not rendered an opinion with respect to this matter and investors should consult their own tax advisors with regard to the consequences if the net profits interest is not properly treated as a debt instrument for federal income tax purposes.

Disposition of trust units

For U.S. federal income tax purposes, a sale of trust units will be treated as a sale by the U.S. trust unitholder of his interest in the assets of the trust. Generally, a U.S. trust unitholder will recognize gain or loss on a sale or exchange of trust units equal to the difference between the amount realized and the U.S. trust unitholder’s adjusted tax basis for the trust units sold. The amount realized will be reduced by the unused net negative adjustments described above. A U.S. trust unitholder’s adjusted tax basis in his trust units will be equal to the U.S. trust unitholder’s original purchase price for the trust units, increased by any interest income previously accrued by the U.S. trust unitholder (determined without regard to any adjustments to interest accruals for positive or negative adjustments as described above) and decreased by the amount of any projected payments that have been previously scheduled to be made in respect of the trust units (without regard to the actual amount paid).

 

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Gain recognized upon a sale or exchange of a trust unit attributable to the net profits interest will generally be treated as ordinary interest income. Any loss will be ordinary loss to the extent of interest previously included in income (reduced by any negative adjustments thereto), and thereafter, capital loss (which will be long-term if the trust unit is held for more than one year). Net capital loss may offset no more than $3,000 of ordinary income in the case of individuals and may only be used to offset capital gain in the case of corporations.

Trust administrative expenses

Expenses of the trust will include administrative expenses of the trustee. The deductions so allowed may be itemized deductions which may be subject to limitations on deductibility. Under these rules, administrative expenses attributable to the trust units are miscellaneous itemized deductions that generally will have to be aggregated with an individual unitholder’s other miscellaneous itemized deductions. These rules disallow itemized deductions that are less than 2% of a taxpayer’s adjusted gross income and, absent new applicable legislation, beginning on January 1, 2013, the amount of otherwise allowable itemized deductions will be reduced by the lesser of (i) 3% of (A) adjusted gross income over (B) $100,000 ($50,000 in the case of a separate return by a married individual) and (ii) 80% of the amount of itemized deductions that are otherwise allowable, or both. It is anticipated that the amount of such administrative expenses will not be significant in relation to the trust’s income.

Backup withholding and information reporting

Payments of principal and interest on, and the proceeds of dispositions of, the trust units, may be subject to information reporting and U.S. federal backup withholding tax if the trust unitholder thereof fails to supply an accurate taxpayer identification number or otherwise fails to comply with applicable U.S. information reporting or certification requirements. Any amounts so withheld will be allowed as a credit against the trust unitholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the trust unitholder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

TAX CONSEQUENCES TO NON-U.S. TRUST UNITHOLDERS

The following is a summary of certain material United States federal income tax consequences that will apply to you if you are a non-U.S. trust unitholder. Non-U.S. trust unitholders should consult their own independent tax advisors to determine the U.S. federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences that may be relevant to them.

Payments with respect to the trust units

Interest paid with respect to the net profits interest will be treated as interest, the amount of which is “contingent” on the earnings of Whiting, and thus will not qualify for the “portfolio interest exemption” under Sections 871 and 881 of the Code. As a result, such interest will be subject to U.S. federal withholding tax at a 30% rate unless the non-U.S. trust unitholder is eligible for a lower rate under an applicable income tax treaty or the interest is effectively connected with the non-U.S. trust unitholder’s conduct of a trade or business in the United States, and in either case, the non-U.S. trust unitholder provides appropriate certification. A non-U.S. trust unitholder generally can meet the certification requirement by providing an IRS Form W-8BEN (in the case of a claim of treaty benefits) or a W-8 ECI (with respect to the non-U.S. trust unitholder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business).

If a non-U.S. trust unitholder is engaged in a trade or business in the United States, and if payments on or gain realized on a sale or other disposition of a trust unit are effectively connected with the conduct of this trade or business, the non-U.S. trust unitholder, although exempt from U.S. withholding tax (if the appropriate certification is furnished), will generally be taxed in the same manner as a U.S. trust unitholder (see “— Tax consequences to U.S. trust unitholders” above). Any such non-U.S. trust unitholder should consult its own tax

 

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advisers with respect to other tax consequences of the ownership of the trust units, including the possible imposition of a 30% branch profits tax in the case of a non-U.S. trust unitholder that is classified for federal income tax purposes as a corporation.

Sale or exchange of trust units

The net profits interest will be treated as “United States real property interests” for U.S. federal income tax purposes. However, as long as the trust units are regularly traded on an established securities market, gain realized by a non-U.S. trust unitholder on a sale of trust units will be subject to federal income tax only if:

 

   

the gain is, or is treated as, effectively connected with business conducted by the non-U.S. trust unitholder in the United States, and in the case of an applicable tax treaty, is attributable to a U.S. permanent establishment maintained by the non-U.S. trust unitholder;

 

   

the non-U.S. trust unitholder is an individual who is present in the United States for at least 183 days in the year of the sale and certain other conditions are met; or

 

   

the non-U.S. trust unitholder owns currently, or owned at certain earlier times, directly or by applying certain attribution rules, more than 5% of the trust units.

A non-U.S. trust unitholder will be subject to U.S. federal income tax on any gain allocable to the non-U.S. trust unitholder upon the sale by the trust of all or any part of the net profits interest, and distributions to the non-U.S. trust unitholder will be subject to withholding of U.S. tax (currently at the rate of 35%) to the extent the distributions are attributable to such gains.

Backup withholding tax and information reporting

Payments to non-U.S. trust unitholders of interest, and amounts withheld from such payments, if any, generally will be required to be reported to the IRS and to the non-U.S. trust unitholder.

A non-U.S. trust unitholder may be subject to backup withholding tax, currently at a rate of 28%, with respect to payments from the trust and the proceeds from dispositions of trust units, unless such non-U.S. trust unitholder complies with certain certification requirements (usually satisfied by providing a duly completed IRS Form W-8BEN) or otherwise establishes an exemption. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts so withheld will be allowed as a credit against the non-U.S. trust unitholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability and may entitle the non-U.S. trust unitholder to a refund, provided that the required information is timely furnished to the IRS.

Payments of the proceeds of a sale of a trust unit effected by the U.S. office of a U.S. or foreign broker will be subject to information reporting requirements and backup withholding unless the non-U.S. trust unitholder properly certifies under penalties of perjury as to its foreign status and certain other conditions are met or the non-U.S. trust unitholder otherwise establishes an exemption. Information reporting requirements and backup withholding generally will not apply to a payment of the proceeds of the sale of a trust unit effected outside of the United States by a foreign office of a broker. However, unless such a broker has documentary evidence in its records that the holder is a non-U.S. trust unitholder and certain other conditions are met, or the non-U.S. trust unitholder otherwise establishes an exemption, information reporting will apply to a payment of the proceeds of the sale of a trust unit effected outside the United States by such a broker if it:

 

   

is a United States person;

 

   

derives 50% or more of its gross income for certain periods from the conduct of a trade or business in the United States;

 

   

is a controlled foreign corporation for U.S. federal income tax purposes; or

 

   

is a foreign partnership that, at any time during its taxable year, has more than 50% of its income or capital interests owned by United States persons or is engaged in the conduct of a U.S. trade or business.

 

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CONSEQUENCES TO TAX EXEMPT ORGANIZATIONS

Employee benefit plans and most other organizations exempt from U.S. federal income tax including IRAs and other retirement plans are subject to U.S. federal income tax on unrelated business taxable income. Because the trust’s income is not expected to be unrelated business taxable income, such a tax-exempt organization is not expected to be taxed on income generated by ownership of trust units so long as neither the property held by the trust nor the trust units are treated as debt-financed property within the meaning of Section 514(b) of the Code. In general, trust property would be debt-financed if the trust incurs debt to acquire the property or otherwise incurs or maintains a debt that would not have been incurred or maintained if the property had not been acquired and a trust unit would be debt-financed if the trust unitholder incurs debt to acquire the trust unit or otherwise incurs or maintains a debt that would not have been incurred or maintained if the trust unit had not been acquired.

PROSPECTIVE INVESTORS IN TRUST UNITS ARE STRONGLY ENCOURAGED TO CONSULT THEIR OWN TAX ADVISORS WITH RESPECT TO THE TAX CONSEQUENCES TO THEM OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND DISPOSITION OF THE TRUST UNITS IN LIGHT OF THEIR OWN PARTICULAR CIRCUMSTANCES, INCLUDING THE TAX CONSEQUENCES UNDER STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN AND OTHER TAX LAWS AND THE POSSIBLE EFFECTS OF CHANGES IN UNITED STATES FEDERAL OR OTHER TAX LAWS.

 

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STATE TAX CONSIDERATIONS

The following considerations are intended as a general summary of certain information regarding state income taxes and other state tax matters affecting individuals who are trust unitholders. Foley & Lardner LLP has not rendered an opinion on the state tax consequences of an investment in trust units. The trust and Whiting are not providing any tax advice with respect to the state tax consequences applicable to any particular purchaser of trust units. Accordingly, each prospective unitholder is urged to consult and depend on their own legal and tax advisors with respect to these matters.

Prospective investors should consider state and local tax consequences of an investment in the trust units. The trust will own the net profits interest burdening specified oil and natural gas properties located in the states of Texas, Wyoming, North Dakota, Colorado, New Mexico, Mississippi, Arkansas, Montana, Michigan and Oklahoma. These states are listed in this order based on the pre-tax PV10% value in the reserve report.

Under the laws of each state for state income tax purposes, other than Texas and Wyoming, the trust should be treated as a grantor trust, and a trust unitholder should be considered to own and receive such trust unitholder’s share of the trust’s assets and income.

INCOME SUBJECT TO STATE TAX

Neither Texas nor Wyoming has a state income tax applicable to individuals.

An individual who is a resident of North Dakota, Colorado, New Mexico, Mississippi, Arkansas, Montana, Michigan or Oklahoma will generally be subject to income tax in his or her state of residence on that individual’s entire share of the trust’s income.

An individual who is a nonresident of Oklahoma generally will not be subject to income tax by such states on the individual’s share of the trust’s income, except to the extent the trust units are employed by such trust unitholder in a trade, business, profession or occupation carried on in such states. In general, an individual trust unitholder will not be deemed to carry on a trade, business, profession or occupation in such states solely by reason of the purchase and sale of trust units for such nonresident’s own account as an investor.

An individual who is a nonresident of Colorado, New Mexico, Mississippi and Arkansas will generally be subject to income tax in those states on the individual’s share of the trust’s income attributable to such state.

The state income tax treatment of an individual who is a nonresident of North Dakota, Montana and Michigan is uncertain. Nonresidents may be required to file tax returns in each of those states and/or pay taxes in each of those states on the individual’s share of the trust’s income attributable to those states.

TREATMENT AS A DEBT INSTRUMENT

For New Mexico and Oklahoma, the net profits interest should be treated as a debt instrument.

For North Dakota, Colorado, Mississippi, Arkansas, Montana and Michigan it is uncertain whether the net profits interest should be treated as a debt instrument or as a mineral interest.

WITHHOLDING ON INCOME

For North Dakota, Colorado, Mississippi, Arkansas, Montana, Michigan, and Oklahoma, neither the trust nor Whiting should be required to withhold the income tax due such states on distributions made to an individual resident or nonresident trust unitholder as long as the trust is taxed as a grantor trust under the Code.

For Montana, Whiting must withhold from the net profits interest payable to the trust, an amount equal to 6% of the value of the net amount payable to the trust from the production of oil and gas in Montana.

 

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ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, regulates pension, profit-sharing and other employee benefit plans to which it applies. ERISA also contains standards for persons who are fiduciaries of those plans. In addition, the Internal Revenue Code provides similar requirements and standards which are applicable to qualified plans, which include these types of plans, and to individual retirement accounts, whether or not subject to ERISA.

A fiduciary of an employee benefit plan should carefully consider fiduciary standards under ERISA regarding the plan’s particular circumstances before authorizing an investment in trust units. A fiduciary should consider:

 

   

whether the investment satisfies the prudence requirements of Section 404(a)(1)(B) of ERISA;

 

   

whether the investment satisfies the diversification requirements of Section 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA; and

 

   

whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the plan as required by Section 404(a)(1)(D) of ERISA.

A fiduciary should also consider whether an investment in trust units might result in direct or indirect nonexempt prohibited transactions under Section 406 of ERISA and Internal Revenue Code Section 4975. In deciding whether an investment involves a prohibited transaction, a fiduciary must determine whether there are plan assets in the transaction. The Department of Labor has published final regulations concerning whether or not an employee benefit plan’s assets would be deemed to include an interest in the underlying assets of an entity for purposes of the reporting, disclosure and fiduciary responsibility provisions of ERISA and analogous provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. These regulations provide that the underlying assets of an entity will not be considered “plan assets” if the equity interests in the entity are a publicly offered security. Whiting expects that at the time of the sale of the trust units in this offering, they will be publicly offered securities. Fiduciaries, however, will need to determine whether the acquisition of trust units is a nonexempt prohibited transaction under the general requirements of ERISA Section 406 and Internal Revenue Code Section 4975.

The prohibited transaction rules are complex, and persons involved in prohibited transactions are subject to penalties. For that reason, potential employee benefit plan investors should consult with their counsel to determine the consequences under ERISA and the Internal Revenue Code of their acquisition and ownership of trust units.

 

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SELLING TRUST UNITHOLDER

Prior to the closing of this offering, Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s wholly-owned subsidiary, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, will convey the net profits interest to the trust in consideration for the issuance by the trust of             units, which will be distributed as a dividend to Whiting Petroleum Corporation. Of those trust units, are being offered hereby and             will be subject to purchase by the underwriters pursuant to its over-allotment option. Whiting may from time to time sell any trust units it has retained. Whiting has agreed, however, not to sell any of such trust units for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the consent of Raymond James & Associates, Inc., acting as representative of the several underwriters. See “Underwriting.”

The following table provides information regarding the selling trust unitholder’s ownership of the trust units. This table assumes the underwriters’ over-allotment option is not exercised.

 

     Ownership of Trust Units
Before Offering
    Number of Trust
Units  Being Offered
   Ownership of Trust Units
After Offering
 

Selling Trust Unitholder

   Number    Percentage        Number    Percentage  

Whiting Petroleum Corporation(1)

        100.0           13.0 %(2) 

 

(1) The address of this entity is 1700 Broadway, Suite 2300 Denver, Colorado 80290-2300.
(2) In the event that the underwriters’ over-allotment option is exercised in full, Whiting Petroleum Corporation will not own any trust units.

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the trust units. Therefore, if Whiting disposes of its retained trust units, if any, the effect of such disposal on future market prices, and trust unit liquidity cannot be predicted. Nevertheless, sales of substantial amounts of trust units in the public market could adversely affect future market prices and trust unit liquidity.

 

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UNDERWRITING

Subject to the terms and conditions in an underwriting agreement dated                     , 2012, the underwriters named below, for whom Raymond James & Associates, Inc. is acting as representative, have severally agreed to purchase from Whiting the number of trust units set forth opposite their names:

 

Underwriter

   Number of
Trust Units

Raymond James & Associates, Inc.

  
  
  
  
  
  
  

 

Total

  
  

 

The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the underwriters to purchase and accept delivery of the trust units offered by this prospectus are subject to approval by their counsel of legal matters and to certain other customary conditions set forth in the underwriting agreement.

The underwriters are obligated to purchase and accept delivery of all of the trust units offered by this prospectus if any of the units are purchased, other than those covered by the over-allotment option described below.

The underwriters propose to offer the trust units directly to the public at the public offering price indicated on the cover page of this prospectus and to various dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $         per unit. If all of the trust units are not sold at the public offering price, the underwriters may change the public offering price and other selling terms. The trust units are offered by the underwriters as stated in this prospectus, subject to receipt and acceptance by them. The underwriters reserve the right to reject an order for the purchase of the trust units in whole or in part.

OPTION TO PURCHASE ADDITIONAL TRUST UNITS

Whiting has granted the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days after the date of this prospectus, to purchase from time to time up to an aggregate of             additional trust units to cover over-allotments, if any, at the public offering price less the underwriting discounts set forth on the cover page of this prospectus. If the underwriters exercise this option, each underwriter, subject to certain conditions, will become obligated to purchase its pro rata portion of these additional units based on the underwriters’ percentage purchase commitment in this offering as indicated in the table above. The underwriters may exercise the over-allotment option only to cover over-allotments made in connection with the sale of the trust units offered in this offering.

DISCOUNTS AND EXPENSES

The following table shows the amount per unit and total underwriting discounts Whiting will pay to the underwriters. The amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option.

 

       Per Unit      No Exercise      Full Exercise  

Initial public offering price

   $                    $                    $                

Underwriting discounts

   $         $         $     

Proceeds, before expenses, to Whiting

   $         $         $     

Whiting will pay Raymond James & Associates, Inc. a structuring fee of $         (or $         if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option to cover over-allotments) for evaluation, analysis and structuring of the trust.

 

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The other expenses of this offering that are payable by Whiting are estimated to be $         million (exclusive of underwriting discounts and structuring fee). In no event will the maximum amount of compensation to be paid to members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or the “FINRA,” in connection with this offering exceed 10% of the offering proceeds plus 0.5% for bona fide due diligence expenses.

INDEMNIFICATION

Each of Whiting and the trust has agreed to indemnify the underwriters against various liabilities that may arise in connection with this offering, including liabilities under the Securities Act for errors or omissions in this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. However, neither Whiting nor the trust will indemnify the underwriters if the error or omission was the result of information the underwriters supplied in writing for inclusion in this prospectus or the registration statement. If Whiting or the trust, as applicable, cannot indemnify the underwriters, it has agreed to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities. Whiting’s or the trust’s contributions, as applicable, would be in the proportion that the proceeds (after underwriting discounts) that the applicable party receives from this offering bear to the proceeds (from underwriting discounts) that the underwriters receive. If Whiting or the trust, as applicable, cannot contribute in this proportion, the applicable party will contribute based on its respective faults and benefits, as set forth in the underwriting agreement.

LOCK-UP AGREEMENTS

Subject to specified exceptions, Whiting has agreed with the underwriters, for a period of 180 days after the date of this prospectus, not to offer, sell, contract to sell or otherwise dispose of or transfer any trust units or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for trust units without the prior written consent of Raymond James & Associates, Inc. These agreements also preclude any hedging collar or other transaction designed or reasonably expected to result in a disposition of trust units or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for trust units. Raymond James & Associates, Inc. may, in its discretion and at any time without notice, release all or any portion of the securities subject to these agreements. Raymond James & Associates, Inc. does not have any present intent or any understanding to release all or any portion of the securities subject to these agreements.

The 180-day period described in the preceding paragraphs will be extended if:

 

   

during the last 17 days of the 180-day period, the trust issues a release concerning distributable cash or announces material news or a material event relating to the trust occurs; or

 

   

prior to the expiration of the 180-day period, the trust announces that it will release distributable cash results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the 180-day period,

in which case the restrictions described in the preceding paragraphs will continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release, the announcement of the material news or the occurrence of the material event.

STABILIZATION

Until this offering is completed, rules of the SEC may limit the ability of the underwriters and various selling group members to bid for and purchase the trust units. As an exception to these rules and in accordance with Regulation M under the Exchange Act, the underwriters may engage in activities that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the trust units in order to facilitate the offering of trust units, including:

 

   

short sales;

 

   

syndicate covering transactions;

 

   

imposition of penalty bids; and

 

   

purchases to cover positions created by short sales.

 

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Stabilizing transactions may include making short sales of trust units, which involve the sale by the underwriter of a greater number of trust units than it is required to purchase in this offering and purchasing trust units from Whiting by exercising the over-allotment option or in the open market to cover positions created by short sales. Short sales may be “covered” shorts, which are short positions in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ over-allotment option referred to above, or may be “naked” shorts, which are short positions in excess of that amount.

Each underwriter may close out any covered short position either by exercising its over-allotment option, in whole or in part, or by purchasing trust units in the open market after the distribution has been completed. In making this determination, each underwriter will consider, among other things, the price of trust units available for purchase in the open market compared to the price at which the underwriter may purchase trust units pursuant to the over-allotment option.

A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the trust units in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchased in this offering. To the extent that the underwriters create a naked short position, they will purchase trust units in the open market to cover the position after the pricing of this offering.

The underwriters also may impose a penalty bid on selling group members. This means that if the underwriters purchase trust units in the open market in stabilizing transactions or to cover short sales, the underwriters can require the selling group members that sold those trust units as part of this offering to repay the selling concession received by them.

As a result of these activities, the price of the trust units may be higher than the price that otherwise might exist in the open market. If the underwriters commence these activities, they may discontinue them without notice at any time. The underwriters may carry out these transactions on the New York Stock Exchange or otherwise.

CONFLICTS/AFFILIATES

The underwriters and their affiliates may provide in the future investment banking, financial advisory or other financial services for Whiting and its affiliates, for which they may receive advisory or transaction fees, as applicable, plus out-of-pocket expenses, of the nature and in amounts customary in the industry for these financial services. Additionally, an affiliate of Raymond James & Associates, Inc. is a co-syndication agent and lender under Whiting’s credit agreement and a portion of the proceeds of this offering will be used to repay debt outstanding to this affiliate of Raymond James & Associates, Inc. under Whiting’s credit agreement. Please read “Use of proceeds.”

DISCRETIONARY ACCOUNTS

The underwriters may confirm sales of the trust units offered by this prospectus to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority but do not expect those sales to exceed 5% of the total trust units offered by this prospectus.

LISTING

The trust intends to apply to list the trust units on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “WHZ.” In connection with the listing of the trust units on the New York Stock Exchange, the underwriters will undertake to sell round lots of 100 units or more to a minimum of 400 beneficial owners.

 

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IPO PRICING

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the trust units. Consequently, the initial public offering price for the trust units will be determined by negotiations among Whiting and the underwriters. The primary factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price will be:

 

   

estimates of distributions to trust unitholders;

 

   

overall quality of the oil and natural gas properties attributable to the underlying properties;

 

   

industry and market conditions prevalent in the energy industry;

 

   

the information set forth in this prospectus and otherwise available to the representative; and

 

   

the general conditions of the securities markets at the time of this offering.

ELECTRONIC PROSPECTUS

A prospectus in electronic format may be available on the Internet sites or through other online services maintained by one or more of the underwriters and selling group members participating in this offering, or by their affiliates. In those cases, prospective investors may view offering terms online and, depending upon the underwriter or the selling group member, prospective investors may be allowed to place orders online. The underwriters may agree with Whiting to allocate a specific number of trust units for sale to online brokerage account holders. Any such allocation for online distributions will be made by the underwriters on the same basis as other allocations.

Other than the prospectus in electronic format, the information on any underwriter’s or any selling group member’s website and any information contained in any other website maintained by the underwriters or any selling group member is not part of this prospectus or the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, has not been approved or endorsed by Whiting or any underwriters or any selling group member in its capacity as underwriter or selling group member and should not be relied upon by investors.

FINRA CONDUCT RULES

Because FINRA is expected to view the trust units offered hereby as interests in a direct participation program, this offering is being made in compliance with Rule 2310 of the FINRA’s Conduct Rules. Investor suitability with respect to the trust units should be judged similarly to the suitability with respect to other securities that are listed for trading on a national securities exchange.

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A., as special Delaware counsel to the trust, will give a legal opinion as to the validity of the trust units. Foley & Lardner LLP, will give opinions as to certain other matters relating to the offering, including the tax opinion described in the section of this prospectus captioned “U.S. federal income tax consequences.” Certain legal matters in connection with the trust units will be passed upon for the underwriters by Vinson & Elkins L.L.P.

EXPERTS

The statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses of the underlying properties for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, included in this prospectus have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein. Such financial statements have been so included in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The statement of assets and trust corpus of Whiting USA Trust II as of December 8, 2011, included in this prospectus has been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein. Such financial statements have been so included in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The consolidated financial statements and the related financial statement schedule, incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, and the effectiveness of Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their reports, which are incorporated herein by reference (which reports (1) express an unqualified opinion on the financial statements and financial statement schedule and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the Company’s adoption of new accounting guidance and (2) express an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting). Such financial statements and financial statement schedule have been so incorporated in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

Certain information appearing in this prospectus regarding the December 31, 2011 estimated quantities of reserves of the underlying properties and net profits interest owned by the trust, the future net revenues from those reserves and their present value is based on estimates of the reserves and present values prepared by or derived from estimates prepared by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc., independent petroleum engineers.

Certain information with respect to Whiting’s oil and natural gas reserves derived from the report of Cawley Gillespie & Associates, Inc., an independent petroleum engineering consultant, has been incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year-ended December 31, 2010 as amended by its Annual Report on Form 10-K/A, on the authority of said firm as an expert in petroleum engineering.

 

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WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

The trust and Whiting have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-1 and Form S-3 regarding the trust units. This prospectus does not contain all of the information found in the registration statement. For further information regarding the trust, Whiting and the trust units offered by this prospectus, you may wish to review the full registration statement, including its exhibits and schedules, filed under the Securities Act. The registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part, including its exhibits and schedules, may be inspected and copied at the public reference room maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of the materials may also be obtained from the SEC at prescribed rates by writing to the public reference room maintained by the SEC at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the public reference room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC maintains a website on the Internet at http://www.sec.gov. The trust’s and Whiting’s registration statement, of which this prospectus constitutes a part, can be downloaded from the SEC’s web site.

Whiting files annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC) (File No. 001-31899) pursuant to the Exchange Act. Whiting’s SEC filings are available to the public through the SEC’s website.

This prospectus includes through incorporation by reference certain of the reports and other information that Whiting has filed with the SEC. This means that Whiting is disclosing important information to you by referring to those documents. The information that Whiting later files with the SEC is incorporated by reference herein and will automatically update and supersede this information. Whiting hereby incorporates by reference into this prospectus the documents listed below that Whiting has filed with the SEC:

 

   

Whiting’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC on February 24, 2011, as amended by Whiting’s Amendment No. 1 on Form 10-K/A to its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010, filed with the SEC on March 3, 2011;

 

   

Whiting’s Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A, filed with the SEC on April 1, 2011;

 

   

Whiting’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for each of the quarters ended March 31, 2011, June 30, 2011 and September 30, 2011; and

 

   

Whiting’s Current Reports on Form 8-K, dated January 17, 2011, May 3, 2011 and October 12, 2011.

Whiting also hereby incorporates by reference into this prospectus any filings that it makes with the SEC under Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act (excluding any information furnished under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 on any Current Report on Form 8-K) after the filing of the registration statement to which this prospectus relates and prior to the effectiveness of such registration statement, and all such future filings that it makes with the SEC prior to the later of (a) the closing date of the offering and (b) the completion of the offering of the trust units.

Whiting’s recent annual, quarterly and current reports, and any amendments thereto, that it files with the SEC are made available, free of charge, over the Internet through Whiting’s website at http:www.whiting.com as soon as reasonably practicable after Whiting electronically files them with or furnishes them to the SEC. You may also request copies of any of Whiting’s filings with the SEC, which it will provide at no cost to you, by contacting Whiting’s Investor Relations department at 303-837-1661. Please note that Whiting’s website and the information contained in and linked to it are not incorporated in this prospectus.

 

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GLOSSARY OF CERTAIN DEFINITIONS

In this prospectus the following terms have the meanings specified below.

Bbl — One stock tank barrel, or 42 U.S. gallons liquid volume, used in this prospectus in reference to oil and other liquid hydrocarbons.

Bcf — One billion cubic feet of natural gas.

Bcfe — One billion cubic feet of natural gas equivalent.

BOE — One stock tank barrel oil equivalent, computed on an approximate energy equivalent basis that one Bbl of crude oil equals six Mcf of natural gas and one Bbl of crude oil equals one Bbl of natural gas liquids.

BOE/d — One BOE per day.

Btu or British Thermal Unit — The quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of one pound of water one degree Fahrenheit.

Completion — The installation of permanent equipment for the production of oil or natural gas, or in the case of a dry hole, the reporting of abandonment to the appropriate agency.

COPAS — The Council of Petroleum Accountants Societies, Inc.

Costless collar — An options position where the proceeds from the sale of a call option at its inception fund the purchase of a put option at its inception.

Differential — The difference between a benchmark price of oil and natural gas, such as the NYMEX crude oil spot, and the wellhead price received.

Estimated Future Net Revenues — Also referred to as “estimated future net cash flows.” The result of applying current prices of oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids to estimated future production from oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids proved reserves, reduced by estimated future expenditures, based on current costs to be incurred, in developing and producing the proved reserves, excluding overhead.

FASB — The Financial Accounting Standards Board.

Farm-in or Farm-out Agreement — An agreement under which the owner of a working interest in an oil or natural gas lease typically assigns the working interest or a portion of the working interest to another party who desires to drill on the leased acreage. Generally, the assignee is required to drill one or more wells in order to earn its interest in the acreage. The assignor usually retains a royalty or reversionary interest in the lease. The interest received by an assignee is a “farm-in” while the interest transferred by the assignor is a “farm-out.”

Field — An area consisting of either a single reservoir, or multiple reservoirs, that are all grouped by or related to the same individual geological structural feature and/or stratigraphic condition.

GAAP — Generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America.

Gross Acres or Gross Wells — The total acres or wells, as the case may be, in which a working interest is owned.

MBbl — One thousand barrels of crude oil or other liquid hydrocarbons.

 

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MBOE — One thousand BOE.

Mcf — One thousand standard cubic feet of natural gas.

MMBbl — One million Bbl.

MMBOE — One million BOE.

MMBtu — One million Btu.

MMcf — One million standard cubic feet of natural gas.

Net Acres or Net Wells — The sum of the fractional working interests owned in gross acres or wells, as the case may be.

Net Profits Interest — A nonoperating interest that creates a share in gross production from an operating or working interest in oil and natural gas properties. The share is measured by net profits from the sale of production after deducting costs associated with that production.

Net Revenue Interest — An interest in all oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids produced and saved from, or attributable to, a particular property, net of all royalties, overriding royalties, net profits interests, carried interests, reversionary interests and any other burdens to which the person’s interest is subject.

Plugging and Abandonment — Refers to the sealing off of fluids in the strata penetrated by a well so that the fluids from one stratum will not escape into another or to the surface. Regulations of many states require plugging of abandoned wells.

Pre-tax PV10% — The present value of estimated future revenues to be generated from the production of proved reserves calculated in accordance with the guidelines of the SEC, net of estimated lease operating expense, production taxes and future development costs, using price and costs as of the date of estimation without future escalation, without giving effect to non-property related expenses such as general and administrative expenses, debt service and depreciation, depletion and amortization, or Federal income taxes and discounted using an annual discount rate of 10%. Pre-tax PV10% may be considered a non-GAAP financial measure as defined by the SEC.

Proved Developed Non-producing Reserves — Proved developed reserves expected to be recovered from zones behind casing in existing wells.

Proved Developed Producing Reserves — Proved developed reserves that are expected to be recovered from completion intervals currently open in existing wells and capable of production to market.

Proved Developed Reserves — Proved reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well.

Proved Reserves — Those reserves which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible — from a given date forward, from known reservoirs and under existing economic conditions, operating methods and government regulations — prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced, or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project, within a reasonable time.

 

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The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes all of the following:

 

  a. The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and

 

  b. Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.

Reserves that can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when both of the following occur:

 

  a. Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based, and

 

  b. The project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.

Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the 12-month period before the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.

Proved Undeveloped Reserves — Proved reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

Recompletion — An operation whereby a completion in one zone is abandoned in order to attempt a completion in a different zone within the existing wellbore.

Reservoir — A porous and permeable underground formation containing a natural accumulation of producible crude oil and/or natural gas that is confined by impermeable rock or water barriers and is individual and separate from other reservoirs.

SEC — The United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows — Also referred to herein as “standardized measure.” It is the present value of estimated future net revenues computed by discounting estimated future net revenues at a rate of 10% annually.

The Financial Accounting Standards Board requires disclosure of standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserve quantities, per paragraph 30 of FASB ASC Topic 932-235, Extractive Activities — Oil and Gas, as follows:

A standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to an enterprise’s interests in (a) proved oil and gas reserves and (b) oil and gas subject to purchase under long-term supply, purchase, or similar agreements and contracts in which the enterprise participates in the operation of the properties on which the oil or gas is located or otherwise serves as the producer of those reserves shall be disclosed as of the end of the year. The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to those two types of interests in reserves may be combined for reporting purposes. The following information shall be disclosed in the aggregate and for each geographic area for which reserve quantities are disclosed:

 

  a. Future cash inflows. These shall be computed by applying year-end prices of oil and gas relating to the enterprise’s proved reserves to the year- end quantities of those reserves. Future price changes shall be considered only to the extent provided by contractual arrangements in existence at year-end.

 

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  b. Future development and production costs. These costs shall be computed by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing the proved oil and gas reserves at the end of the year, based on year-end costs and assuming continuation of existing economic conditions. If estimated development expenditures are significant, they shall be presented separately from estimated production costs.

 

  c. Future income tax expenses. These expenses shall be computed by applying the appropriate year-end statutory tax rates, with consideration of future tax rates already legislated, to the future pre-tax net cash flows relating to the enterprise’s proved oil and gas reserves, less the tax basis of the properties involved. The future income tax expenses shall give effect to tax deductions, tax credits and allowances relating to the enterprise’s proved oil and gas reserves.

 

  d. Future net cash flows. These amounts are the result of subtracting future development and production costs and future income tax expenses from future cash inflows.

 

  e. Discount. This amount shall be derived from using a discount rate of 10 percent a year to reflect the timing of the future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves.

 

  f. Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. This amount is the future net cash flows less the computed discount.

Working Interest — The interest in a crude oil and natural gas property (normally a leasehold interest) that gives the owner the right to drill, produce and conduct operations on the property and a share of production, subject to all royalties, overriding royalties and other burdens and to all costs of exploration, development and operations and all risks in connection therewith.

Workover — Operations on a producing well to restore or increase production.

 

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

Underlying Properties:

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-2   

Statements of Historical Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses for Each of the Three Years in the Period Ended December 31, 2010, and the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2010 and 2011 (unaudited)

     F-3   

Notes to Statements of Historical Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses

     F-4   

Whiting USA Trust II:

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-9   

Statement of Assets and Trust Corpus as of December 8, 2011

     F-10   

Notes to Statement of Assets and Trust Corpus

     F-11   

Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

     F-14   

Unaudited Pro Forma Statement of Assets and Trust Corpus at December 8, 2011

     F-15   

Unaudited Pro Forma Statements of Distributable Income for the Year Ended December  31, 2010, and for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2011

     F-16   

Notes to Unaudited Pro Forma Financial Information

     F-17   

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Board of Directors of

Whiting Petroleum Corporation

Denver, Colorado

We have audited the accompanying statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses of the Underlying Properties (the “Properties”) of Whiting Petroleum Corporation (the “Company”) for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010. These statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Properties are not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of the Properties’ internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Properties’ internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The accompanying statements were prepared to present the historical revenues and direct operating expenses as defined in Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standards Codification Topic 932-10-S99-2, Extractive Activities — Oil and Gas, “Financial Statements of Oil and Gas Exchange Offers,” which is a comprehensive basis of accounting other than accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, as discussed in Note 2 to the statements, and are not intended to be a complete presentation of the Company’s interests in the Properties.

In our opinion, the statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the historical revenues and direct operating expenses of the Properties for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2010, on the basis of accounting discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Denver, Colorado

December 16, 2011

 

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UNDERLYING PROPERTIES

STATEMENTS OF HISTORICAL REVENUES

AND DIRECT OPERATING EXPENSES

(In thousands)

 

     Year Ended December 31,      Nine Months  Ended
September 30,
 
     2008      2009      2010      2010      2011  
                          (unaudited)      (unaudited)  

Revenues:

              

Oil sales

   $ 159,243       $ 85,826       $ 104,667       $ 77,013       $ 90,711   

Natural gas sales

     34,924         19,791         19,041         14,499         12,537   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total revenues

     194,167         105,617         123,708         91,512         103,248   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Direct operating expenses:

              

Lease operating

     35,106         31,935         33,876         24,641         27,287   

Production tax

     10,992         5,718         6,571         5,117         5,675   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Total direct operating expenses

     46,098         37,653         40,447         29,758         32,962   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses

   $ 148,069       $ 67,964       $ 83,261       $ 61,754       $ 70,286   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this statement.

 

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UNDERLYING PROPERTIES

NOTES TO STATEMENTS OF HISTORICAL REVENUES

AND DIRECT OPERATING EXPENSES

For the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010

(Information for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2011 is unaudited)

1. UNDERLYING PROPERTIES

The accompanying statements present the revenues and direct operating expenses for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010 and the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2011 of net ownership interests in certain oil and natural gas properties located in the Rocky Mountains, Permian Basin, Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent regions of the United States (the “Underlying Properties”) owned by Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s wholly-owned subsidiary Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation (“Whiting”). Immediately prior to the closing of the initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in Whiting USA Trust II (the “Trust”), Whiting will convey to the Trust the right to receive 90% of the term net proceeds from these Underlying Properties (“Net Profits Interest”), with Whiting retaining title to the Underlying Properties.

2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses were derived from the historical accounting records of Whiting and are presented on the accrual basis of accounting before the effects of conveyance of the Net Profits Interest. Revenues and direct operating expenses relate to the historical net revenue interest and net working interest, respectively, in the Underlying Properties. Revenue from oil, natural gas and natural gas liquid sales is recognized when production is sold to a purchaser at a fixed or determinable price, when delivery has occurred and title has transferred, and if collectability of the revenue is probable. Revenues are reported net of existing overriding and other royalties due to third parties. Direct operating expenses include lease operating expenses and production and property taxes. The amounts presented represent 100% of Whiting’s interests in the Underlying Properties.

During the periods presented, the Underlying Properties were not accounted for as a separate division by Whiting and therefore certain costs such as depreciation, depletion and amortization, accretion of asset retirement obligation, general and administrative expenses, interest, corporate income taxes or other expenses of an indirect nature were not allocated to the individual properties. Due to the omission of these operating expenses of an indirect nature, the statements of historical revenues and operating expenses presented are not therefore indicative of the results of operations of the Underlying Properties or the Net Profits Interest prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”). Historical statements reflecting financial position, results of operations and cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities prepared in accordance with GAAP are not presented because the information necessary to prepare such statements is neither reasonably available on an individual property basis nor practicable to obtain in these circumstances. Financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 has been presented on a basis consistent with the financial information for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 in order to provide comparability between periods presented. Accordingly, the statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses of the Underlying Properties are presented in lieu of the financial statements required under Rule 3-01 and 3-02 of the SEC Regulation S-X and in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 932-10-S99-2, Extractive Activities Oil and Gas, “Financial Statements of Oil and Gas Exchange Offers”.

Use of Estimates.     The preparation of these financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Items subject to such estimates and assumptions include accrued revenue, accrued expenses, and proved oil and gas reserves, which are used to derive the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows. Although management believes these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from these estimates.

 

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Concentration of Credit Risk.     The underlying properties principally sell their oil and natural gas production to end users, marketers and other purchasers that have access to nearby pipeline facilities. The following table presents the percentages of oil and natural gas sales from the underlying properties sold to each significant purchaser for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008:

 

     2010     2009     2008  

Chevron USA

     13     13     14

ConocoPhillips

     13     13     15

Marathon Oil Corporation

     11     11     10

Plains Marketing, LP

     14     11     11

The loss of one or all of these purchasers does not present a material risk because there is significant competition among purchasers of crude oil and natural gas in the areas of the underlying properties, and if they were to lose one or both of their largest purchasers, several entities could purchase crude oil and natural gas produced from the underlying properties with little or no interruption to their business.

Interim Financial Statements.     The accompanying statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2011 are unaudited and should be read in conjunction with the financial statements for the years ended December 31, 2008, 2009 and 2010. Such interim financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the annual statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses, as stated above. In the opinion of management, these accompanying interim financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals and adjustments) necessary to present fairly, in all material respects, the results of the underlying properties for the interim periods presented. However, the operating results for such interim periods presented are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.

3. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Events occurring after December 31, 2010 were evaluated through the date that these financial statements were issued to ensure that any subsequent events that met the criteria for recognition and/or disclosure in this report have been included.

4. DISCLOSURES ABOUT OIL AND GAS ACTIVITIES (UNAUDITED)

The estimates of proved reserves and related valuations were based on reports prepared by the Company’s independent petroleum engineers Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc., as well as Whiting’s engineering staff. Proved reserve estimates included herein conform to the definitions prescribed by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. The estimates of proved reserves are inherently imprecise and are continually subject to revision based on production history, results of additional exploration and development, price changes and other factors.

 

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As of December 31, 2010, all of the Trust’s oil and gas reserves are attributable to properties within the United States. A summary of the changes in quantities of proved oil and gas reserves for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, are as follows:

 

     Oil (MBbl)     Natural Gas
(MMcf)
    Total MBOE  

Balance — January 1, 2008

     23,667        41,910        30,652   

Revisions to previous estimates

     (9,183     (14,093     (11,532

Extensions and discoveries

     39        1,366        267   

Production

     (1,755     (3,825     (2,393
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance — December 31, 2008

     12,768        25,358        16,994   

Revisions to previous estimates

     6,594        13,982        8,924   

Extensions and discoveries

            4        1   

Production

     (1,572     (4,318     (2,292
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance — December 31, 2009

     17,790        35,026        23,627   

Revisions to previous estimates

     (572     (4,275     (1,284

Extensions and discoveries

     10        15        13   

Production

     (1,459     (3,335     (2,015
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance — December 31, 2010

     15,769        27,431        20,341   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Proved developed reserves:

      

December 31, 2007

     21,210        32,817        26,679   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2008

     11,809        21,972        15,471   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2009

     16,031        26,779        20,494   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2010

     14,881        23,824        18,852   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Proved undeveloped reserves:

      

December 31, 2007

     2,457        9,093        3,973   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2008

     959        3,386        1,523   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2009

     1,759        8,247        3,133   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

December 31, 2010

     888        3,607        1,489   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Notable changes in proved reserves for the year ended December 31, 2010 included:

 

   

Revisions to previous estimates . In 2010, revisions to previous estimates decreased proved reserves by a net amount of 1,284 MBOE. Included in these revisions were 572 MBbl of downward adjustments to crude oil reserves and 4.3 Bcf of downward adjustments to natural gas reserves. Both of these reserve reductions were primarily attributable to a negative revision of the proved reserves associated with a Clearfork waterflood project in the Keystone, South field. Oil response to water injection was less than expected due to reservoir continuity and conformance issues.

Notable changes in proved reserves for the year ended December 31, 2009 included:

 

   

Revisions to previous estimates . In 2009, revisions to previous estimates increased proved reserves by a net amount of 8,924 MBOE. Included in these revisions were 14.0 Bcf of upward adjustments to natural gas reserves and 6,594 MBbl of upward adjustments to crude oil reserves. These increases were mainly due to higher oil prices of $61.18 per Bbl of oil in reserve estimates at December 31, 2009, as compared to $44.60 per Bbl of oil at December 31, 2008. This increase in oil price extended the economic lives of many oil wells, which increased the estimate of proved oil and the associated gas reserves.

 

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Notable changes in proved reserves for the year ended December 31, 2008 included:

 

   

Revisions to previous estimates . In 2008, revisions to previous estimates decreased proved reserves by a net amount of 11,532 MBOE. Included in these revisions were 9,183 MBbl of downward adjustments to crude oil reserves primarily due to lower oil prices of $44.60 per Bbl of oil in reserve estimates at December 31, 2008, as compared to $96.00 per Bbl of oil at December 31, 2007, causing a decrease in the estimated economic life of many of the oil wells. This downward revision in crude oil reserves was accompanied by 14.1 Bcf of net downward adjustments to natural gas reserve quantities, primarily due to the decrease in associated gas volumes that were lost because of the shorter economic lives of many of the oil wells.

The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves and the changes in standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves were prepared in accordance with the provisions of FASB ASC Topic 932, Extractive Activities — Oil and Gas . Future cash inflows were computed by applying average fiscal-year prices (calculated as the unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within the 12-month period ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively) to estimated future production. Future cash inflows as of December 31, 2008, however, were computed by applying prices at year-end to estimated future production. Future production and development costs are computed by estimating the expenditures to be incurred in developing and producing the proved oil and natural gas reserves at year-end, based on year-end costs and assuming the continuation of existing economic conditions.

The standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves are as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2010     2009     2008  

Future cash inflows

     1,243,215        1,080,650        600,460   

Future production costs

     (538,019     (462,024     (298,573

Future development costs

     (17,956     (39,146     (20,802
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Future net cash flows

     687,240        579,480        281,085   

10% annual discount for estimated timing of cash flows

     (296,299     (247,472     (112,835
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows

     390,941        332,008        168,250   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

The changes in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and gas reserves are as follows (in thousands):

 

     December 31,  
     2010     2009     2008  

Beginning of year

     332,008        168,250        831,338   

Sale of oil and gas produced, net of production costs

     (83,261     (67,964     (148,069

Net changes in prices and production costs

     127,167        95,347        (507,485

Extensions and discoveries less related costs

     231        11        2,508   

Previously estimated development costs incurred during the period

     39,146        20,229        25,968   

Changes in estimated future development costs

     (34,086     (29,262     (10,706

Revisions of previous quantity estimates

     (23,465     128,572        (108,438

Accretion of discount

     33,201        16,825        83,134   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

End of year

     390,941        332,008        168,250   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

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Future net revenues included in the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to proved oil and natural gas reserves incorporate weighted average sales prices (inclusive of adjustments for quality and location) in effect at December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 as follows:

 

     2010      2009      2008  

Oil (per Bbl)

   $ 72.84       $ 54.92       $ 36.97   

Gas (per Mcf)

   $ 5.96       $ 4.40       $ 6.34   

 

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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

To the Unitholders of

Whiting USA Trust II

Denver, Colorado

We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and trust corpus of Whiting USA Trust II (the “Trust”) as of December 8, 2011. This financial statement is the responsibility of the Trust’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the statement of assets and trust corpus is free of material misstatement. The Trust is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the statement of assets and trust corpus, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall statement of assets and trust corpus presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

As discussed in Note 2 to the statement of assets and trust corpus, this statement has been prepared on a modified cash basis of accounting, which is a comprehensive basis of accounting other than accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

In our opinion, the statement of assets and trust corpus presents fairly, in all material respects, the assets, liabilities, and trust corpus of Whiting USA Trust II as of December 8, 2011, on the basis of accounting discussed in Note 2 to the financial statement.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Denver, Colorado

December 16, 2011

 

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WHITING USA TRUST II

STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND TRUST CORPUS

 

     December 8, 2011  

ASSETS

  

Cash and short-term investments

   $ 10   
  

 

 

 

TRUST CORPUS

  

Trust Corpus

   $ 10   
  

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial statement.

 

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WHITING USA TRUST II

NOTES TO STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND TRUST CORPUS

1. ORGANIZATION OF THE TRUST

Whiting USA Trust II (the “Trust”) is a statutory trust formed on December 5, 2011 under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, pursuant to a trust agreement (the “Trust Agreement”) among Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation (“Whiting Oil and Gas”) as trustor, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee (the “Trustee”), and Wilmington Trust, National Association (the “Delaware Trustee”). The initial capitalization of the Trust estate was funded by Whiting Petroleum Corporation (“Whiting”) on December 8, 2011.

The Trust was created to acquire and hold a term net profits interest (“NPI”) for the benefit of the Trust unitholders pursuant to a conveyance from Whiting Oil and Gas, which is a subsidiary of Whiting, to the Trust. The term NPI is an interest in underlying properties located in the Rocky Mountains, Permian Basin, Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent regions (the “underlying properties”). These oil and gas properties include interests in approximately 1,300 producing oil and gas wells. The NPI will be the only asset of the Trust, other than cash held for future Trust expenses.

The NPI is passive in nature, and the Trustee will have no management control over and no responsibility relating to the operation of the underlying properties. After the conveyance of term NPI to the Trust, Whiting Oil and Gas will retain interests in each of the underlying properties. The NPI entitles the Trust to receive 90% of the net proceeds from the sale of production from the underlying properties. The NPI will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent of 10.61 MMBOE in respect of the Trust’s right to receive 90% of the net proceeds from such reserves pursuant to the NPI), and the Trust will soon thereafter wind up its affairs and terminate.

The Trustee can authorize the Trust to borrow money for the purpose of paying Trust administrative or incidental expenses that exceed cash held by the Trust. The Trustee may authorize the Trust to borrow from the Trustee, Whiting or the Delaware Trustee as a lender, provided the terms of the loan are similar to the terms it would grant to a similarly situated commercial customer with whom it did not have a fiduciary relationship. The Trustee may also deposit funds awaiting distribution in an account with itself and make other short term investments with the funds distributed to the Trust.

2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES

Term Net Profits Interest.     The Trust uses the modified cash basis of accounting to report Trust receipts from the term NPI and payments of expenses incurred. The actual cash distributions from Whiting to the Trust will be made based on the terms of the conveyance that created the Trust’s NPI. The term NPI entitles the Trust to receive revenues (oil, gas and natural gas liquid sales) less expenses (the amount by which all royalties; lease operating expenses including well workover costs; development costs; production and property taxes; payments made by Whiting to the hedge counterparty upon settlements of hedge contracts; maintenance expenses; post-production costs including plugging and abandonment; producing overhead; and amounts that may be reserved for future development, maintenance or operating expenses, which reserve amounts may not exceed $2.0 million; exceed hedge payments received by Whiting under hedge contracts and other non-production revenue) of the underlying properties multiplied by 90% (term NPI percentage). Actual cash receipts may vary due to timing delays of cash receipts from the property operators or purchasers and due to wellhead and pipeline volume balancing agreements or practices.

Modified Cash Basis of Accounting.     The financial statements of the Trust, as prepared on a modified cash basis, reflect the Trust’s assets, liabilities, Trust corpus, earnings and distributions, as follows:

 

  a. Income from net profits interest is recorded when NPI distributions are received by the Trust;

 

  b. Distributions to Trust unitholders are recorded when declared and paid by the Trust;

 

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  b. Trust general and administrative expenses (which include the Trustee’s fees as well as accounting, engineering, legal and other professional fees) are recorded when paid;

 

  c. Cash reserves for Trust expenses may be established by the Trustee for certain expenditures that would not be recorded as contingent liabilities under generally accepted accounting principles in the United States of America (“GAAP”);

 

  d. Amortization of the investment in net profits interest is calculated based on the units-of-production method. Such amortization will be charged directly to the Trust corpus and will not affect cash earnings; and

 

  e. Any impairments of the investment in net profits interest will likewise be charged directly to Trust corpus.

While these statements differ from financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, the modified cash basis of reporting revenues and distributions is considered to be the most meaningful because quarterly distributions to the Trust unitholders are based on net cash receipts. This comprehensive basis of accounting other than GAAP corresponds to the accounting permitted for royalty trusts by the SEC as specified by FASB ASC Topic 932-10-S99-4, Extractive Activities — Oil and Gas , Financial Statements of Royalty Trusts”.

Most accounting pronouncements apply to entities whose financial statements are prepared in accordance with GAAP, directing such entities to accrue or defer revenues and expenses in a period other than when such revenues were received or expenses were paid. Because the Trust’s financial statements are prepared on the modified cash basis as described above, however, most accounting pronouncements are not applicable to the Trust’s financial statements.

Use of Estimates.     The preparation of financial statements requires the Trust to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Significant estimates that will impact the Trust’s financial statements include estimates of proved oil and natural gas reserves which are used to compute the Trust’s amortization of its investment in net profits interest. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Cash and Short-Term Investments.     Cash and short-term investments include all highly liquid short-term investments with original maturities of three months or less.

Investment in Net Profits Interest.     The conveyance of the NPI to the Trust will be accounted for as a transfer of properties between entities under common control. Accordingly, the Trust’s investment in net profits interest will be recorded at the historical cost to Whiting Oil and Gas, which is determined by allocating the historical net book value of Whiting Oil and Gas’ proved oil and gas properties based on the fair value of the conveyed net profits interest in the Underlying Properties relative to the fair value of Whiting Oil and Gas’ proved properties. The carrying value of the Trust’s investment in net profits interest will not necessarily be indicative of the fair value of such net profits interest.

Amortization of the investment in net profits interest will be calculated on a units-of-production basis, whereby the Trust’s cost basis is divided by the proved reserves attributable to the net profits interest. Such amortization will not reduce distributable income but rather will be charged directly to trust corpus. Revisions to estimated future units-of-production will be treated on a prospective basis beginning on the date significant revisions are known.

The Trust will evaluate impairment of its investment in net profits interest by comparing the undiscounted cash flows expected to be realized from the investment in net profits interest to the NPI carrying value. If the expected future undiscounted cash flows are less than the carrying value, the Trust will recognize an impairment loss for the difference between the carrying value and the estimated fair value of the investment in net profits interest. The determination of whether the NPI is impaired requires a significant amount of judgment by the Trustee and is based on the best information available to the Trustee at the time of the evaluation. If market conditions or oil and gas production deteriorate, write-downs could be required.

 

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3. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Events occurring after December 8, 2011 were evaluated through the date that these financial statements were issued to ensure that any subsequent events that met the criteria for recognition and/or disclosure in this report have been included.

4. INCOME TAXES

The Trust is a grantor trust and therefore is not subject to federal income taxes. Accordingly no recognition is given to federal income taxes in the Trust’s financial statements. The Trust unitholders will be treated as the owners of Trust income and corpus, and the entire taxable income of the Trust will be reported by the Trust unitholders on their respective tax returns.

For Montana state income tax purposes, Whiting must withhold from its NPI payments to the Trust, an amount equal to 6% of the net amount payable to the Trust from the sale of oil and gas in Montana. For Arkansas, Colorado, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Dakota and Oklahoma, neither the Trust nor Whiting will be withholding the income tax due such states on distributions made to an individual resident or nonresident Trust unitholder, as long as the Trust is taxed as a grantor trust under the Internal Revenue Code.

5. DISTRIBUTIONS TO UNITHOLDERS

Actual cash distributions to the Trust unitholders will depend on the volumes of and prices received for oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids produced from the underlying properties, among other factors. Quarterly cash distributions during the term of the Trust will be made by the Trustee generally no later than 60 days following the end of each quarter (or the next succeeding business day) to the Trust unitholders of record on the 50th day following the end of each quarter. Such amounts will equal the excess, if any, of the cash received by the Trust during the quarter, over the expenses of the Trust paid during such quarter, subject to adjustments for changes made by the Trustee during such quarter in any cash reserves established for future expenses of the Trust.

6. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

Operating Overhead — Pursuant to the terms of its applicable joint operating agreements, Whiting deducts from the gross oil and gas sales proceeds an overhead fee to operate those underlying properties for which Whiting has been designated as the operator. Additionally, with respect to those underlying properties for which Whiting is the operator but where there is no operating agreement in place, Whiting deducts from the gross proceeds an overhead fee calculated in the same manner that Whiting allocates overhead to other similarly owned properties, which is customary practice in the oil and gas industry. Operating overhead activities include various engineering, legal, and administrative functions. The fee is adjusted annually pursuant to the Council of Petroleum Accountants Societies, Inc. (“COPAS”) guidelines and will increase or decrease each year based on changes in the year-end index of average weekly earnings of crude petroleum and natural gas workers.

Administrative Services Fee — Under the terms of the administrative services agreement, the Trust will pay a quarterly administration fee of $50,000 to Whiting 60 days following the end of each calendar quarter.

Trustee Administrative Fee — Under the terms of the Trust agreement, the Trust will pay an annual administrative fee to the Trustee of $175,000, which will be paid in four quarterly installments of $43,750 each and will be billed in arrears. Starting in 2017, such fee escalates by 2.5% each year.

 

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WHITING USA TRUST II

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION

The following unaudited pro forma statement of assets and trust corpus and unaudited pro forma statements of distributable income for the Trust have been prepared to illustrate the conveyance of the term net profits interest in the underlying properties to the Trust by Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation. The unaudited pro forma statement of assets and trust corpus presents the formation of the Trust as if it had occurred on September 30, 2011, and giving effect to the net profits interest conveyance as if it occurred on that date. The unaudited pro forma statements of distributable income for the year ended December 31, 2010 and the nine months ended September 30, 2011, give effect to the Trust formation and net profits interest conveyance as if they occurred as of the beginning of the earliest period presented, reflecting only pro forma adjustments that are (i) directly attributable to the transaction, (ii) expected to have a continuing impact on the combined results, and (iii) factually supportable.

These unaudited pro forma financial statements are for informational purposes only. They do not purport to present the results that would have actually occurred had the net profits interest conveyance been completed on the assumed dates or for the periods presented or which may be realized in the future.

To produce the pro forma financial information, management made certain estimates. These estimates are based on the most recently available information. To the extent there are significant changes in these amounts, the assumptions and estimates herein could change significantly. The unaudited pro forma statements of distributable income should be read in conjunction with “Discussion and Analysis of Historical Results of the Underlying Properties” included in this prospectus and the historical financial statements of the Trust and the Underlying Properties, including the related notes, included in this prospectus.

 

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WHITING USA TRUST II

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND TRUST CORPUS

September 30, 2011

 

     Historical      Adjustments
(Note 5)
    Pro Forma  

ASSETS

       

Cash and short-term investments

   $ 10       $      $ 10   

Investment in Net Profits Interest

             167,117,240 (a)       167,117,240   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 
   $ 10       $ 167,117,240      $ 167,117,250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

TRUST CORPUS

       

Trust units issued and outstanding

   $ 10       $ 167,117,240 (a)     $ 167,117,250   
  

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited pro forma financial information.

 

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WHITING USA TRUST II

UNAUDITED PRO FORMA STATEMENTS OF DISTRIBUTABLE INCOME

 

     Year Ended
December 31, 2010
    Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2011
 

Historical results

    

Income from Net Profits Interest

   $ 50,177,188      $ 50,959,144   

Pro Forma Adjustments

    

Less:

    

Trust general and administrative expenses (Note 5)

     (375,000 ) (b)       (281,250 ) (b)  

State income tax withholdings (Note 5)

     (116,464 ) (c)       (73,938 ) (c)  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Distributable income

   $ 49,685,724      $ 50,603,956   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Distributable income per unit

   $      (d)     $      (d)  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of the unaudited pro forma financial information.

 

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WHITING USA TRUST II

NOTES TO UNAUDITED PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION

1. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

Whiting USA Trust II (the “Trust”) will own a term net profits interest in oil and gas producing properties located in the Rocky Mountains, Permian Basin, Gulf Coast and Mid-Continent regions of the United States. These producing properties are owned by Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, which is a subsidiary of Whiting Petroleum Corporation (referred to hereafter as “Whiting”). The term net profits interest (“NPI”) entitles the Trust to receive 90% of the net proceeds attributable to Whiting’s interest in the sale of oil and gas production from these properties. The NPI will terminate on the later to occur of (1) December 31, 2021, or (2) the time when 11.79 MMBOE have been produced from the underlying properties and sold (which is the equivalent of 10.61 MMBOE in respect of the Trust’s right to receive 90% of the net proceeds from such reserves pursuant to the NPI), and the Trust will soon thereafter wind up its affairs and terminate.

The Trust was formed on December 5, 2011 under Delaware law to acquire and hold the net profits interest for the benefit of the holders of the Trust units. The net profits interest is passive in nature, and the Trustee will have no management control over and no responsibility relating to the operation of the underlying properties.

The unaudited pro forma statement of assets and trust corpus assumes formation and funding of the Trust and conveyance of the net profits interest at September 30, 2011. The unaudited pro forma statements of distributable income assume the conveyance of the net profits interest and Trust formation as of the beginning of the earliest period presented.

Whiting believes that the assumptions used provide a reasonable basis for presenting the effects directly attributable to this transaction. However, due to the omission of certain general and administrative expenses that are not factually supportable and not therefore reliably determinable, these unaudited pro forma financial statements may not be indicative of the results to be realized in the future.

This unaudited pro forma financial information should be read in conjunction with the Statement of Assets and Trust Corpus for the Trust and the Statements of Historical Revenues and Direct Operating Expenses for the underlying properties and related notes, respectively, for the periods presented.

2. TRUST ACCOUNTING POLICIES

The unaudited pro forma statements of distributable income were derived from the historical accounting records of the underlying properties.

The Trust uses the modified cash basis of accounting to report Trust receipts of the term net profits interest and payments of expenses incurred. These unaudited pro forma statements were prepared by adjusting the accrual basis information from the historical revenue and direct operating expenses of the underlying properties to a modified cash basis of accounting. Actual cash receipts may vary due to timing delays of actual cash receipts from the property purchasers and due to wellhead and pipeline volume balancing agreements or practices. The actual cash distributions of the Trust will be made based on the terms of the conveyance creating the Trust’s net profits interest.

Income determined in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (“GAAP”) would include all expenses incurred for the period presented. However, the Trust serves as a pass-through entity, with expenses for depletion, interest and income taxes, other than Montana state income tax to which the Trust is subject, being based upon the status and elections of the Trust unitholders. Thus, the statements purport to show distributable income, defined as income of the Trust available for distribution to the Trust unitholders before application of those unitholders’ additional expenses, if any, for depreciation, depletion and amortization, interest and income taxes. Revenues are reflected net of existing royalties and overriding

 

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royalties associated with Whiting’s interests. While these statements differ from financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP, the modified cash basis of reporting revenues, expenses, and distributions is considered to be the most meaningful because quarterly distributions to the Trust unitholders are based on the net cash receipts generated from the production and sale of the reserves of the underlying properties.

Investment in the net profits interest is recorded initially at Whiting’s historic cost in accordance with FASB ASC Topic 845-10-S99-1, Nonmonetary Transactions, “Transfers of Nonmonetary Assets By Promoters or Shareholders”, and is periodically assessed to determine whether its aggregate value has been impaired below its total capitalized cost based on the underlying properties. The Trust will provide a write-down to its investment in the net profits interest to the extent that total capitalized costs, less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization, exceed undiscounted future net revenues attributable to the proved oil and gas reserves of the underlying properties. Any such write-down would be charged directly to trust corpus and would not reduce distributable income.

3. INCOME TAXES

The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust and therefore is not subject to federal income taxes. Accordingly no recognition is given to federal income taxes in these financial statements. The Trust unitholders will be treated as the owners of Trust income and corpus, and the entire taxable income of the Trust will be reported by the Trust unitholders on their respective tax returns.

For Montana state income tax purposes, Whiting must withhold from its NPI payments to the Trust, an amount equal to 6% of the net amount payable to the Trust from the sale of oil and gas in Montana. For Arkansas, Colorado, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Dakota and Oklahoma, neither the Trust nor Whiting will be withholding the income tax due such states on distributions made to an individual resident or nonresident Trust unitholder, as long as the Trust is taxed as a grantor trust under the Internal Revenue Code.

4. INCOME FROM NET PROFITS INTEREST

As Trust receipts from the net profits interest will be based on 90% of the net proceeds (which are attributable to Whiting’s interest in the sale of oil and gas production from the underlying properties less applicable costs and expenses) that have been received by Whiting in cash, the adjustment amounts in the table below (“Adjust from accrual basis of accounting to modified cash basis”) convert the excess revenues over direct operating expenses of the underlying properties from the accrual basis of accounting to the modified cash basis of accounting.

 

     Year Ended
December 31,
2010
    Nine Months
Ended
September 30,
2011
 

Excess of revenues over direct operating expenses of underlying properties

   $ 83,260,327      $ 70,286,803   

Adjust from accrual basis of accounting to modified cash basis(1)(2)

     (510,238     81,783   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Modified cash basis excess revenues over direct operating expenses

     82,750,089        70,368,586   

Development costs on a modified cash basis

     (26,997,658     (13,747,315
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total net proceeds

     55,752,431        56,621,271   

Times the term NPI percentage

     90     90
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Income from net profits interest

   $ 50,177,188      $ 50,959,144   
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)

Because quarterly cash distributions to the Trust will be made by the Trustee no later than 60 days following the end of each quarter, this adjustment assumes that the last quarterly distribution to the Trust for the nine months ended September 30, 2011 would have been made by August 29, 2011 (covering net cash proceeds received by Whiting for oil sales through June 30, 2011 and gas sales through May 31, 2011) and the last

 

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  quarterly distribution for 2010 would have been made by November 29, 2010 (covering net cash proceeds received by Whiting for oil sales through September 30, 2010 and gas sales through August 31, 2010). As such, this amount adjusts excess of revenues over direct operating expense in order to (i) exclude net cash proceeds attributable to oil sales for July, August and September of 2011, (ii) exclude net cash proceeds attributable to natural gas sales for June, July, August and September of 2011, (iii) include net proceeds attributable to oil sales for October, November and December of 2010, and (iv) include net proceeds attributable to natural gas sales for September, October, November and December of 2010.
(2) Because quarterly cash distributions to the Trust will be made by the Trustee no later than 60 days following the end of each quarter, this adjustment assumes that the last quarterly distribution to the Trust for 2010 would have been made by November 29, 2010 (covering net cash proceeds received by Whiting for oil sales through September 30, 2010 and gas sales through August 31, 2010) and the last quarterly distribution for 2009 would have been made by November 29, 2009 (covering net cash proceeds received by Whiting for oil sales through September 30, 2009 and gas sales through August 31, 2009). As such, this amount adjusts excess of revenues over direct operating expense in order to (i) exclude net cash proceeds attributable to oil sales for October, November and December of 2010, (ii) exclude net cash proceeds attributable to natural gas sales for September, October, November and December of 2010, (iii) include net proceeds attributable to oil sales for October, November and December of 2009, and (iv) include net proceeds attributable to natural gas sales for September, October, November and December of 2009.

5. PRO FORMA ADJUSTMENTS

(a) Whiting will convey the net profits interest to the Trust in exchange for              trust units.

The net profits interest is recorded at the historical cost of Whiting as follows:

 

Oil and gas properties

   $ 356,494,947   

Accumulated depreciation and depletion

     (170,809,125
  

 

 

 

Net predecessor cost of net profits interest conveyed to the Trust

   $ 185,685,822   
  

 

 

 

Times 90% net profits interest to Trust

   $ 167,117,240   
  

 

 

 

(b) The Trust will pay an annual administrative fee to Whiting of $200,000 and an annual administrative fee to the trustee of $175,000.

Including the above administrative fees of $375,000 to Whiting and the trustee, the Trust estimates incurring aggregate general and administrative expenses of $1,000,000 in 2012 and annually thereafter. The Trust’s aggregate general and administrative costs will encompass legal fees, accounting fees, engineering fees, printing costs, the annual administrative fee paid to Whiting and the trustee, and other expenses properly chargeable to the Trust. If the estimated general and administrative expenses were included in the unaudited pro forma statements of distributable income, the distributable income would be $49,060,724 or $         per unit and $50,135,206 or $         per unit, respectively, for the periods ended December 31, 2010 and September 30, 2011. Due to the omission of general and administrative expenses other than the $375,000 administrative fee from the unaudited pro forma statements of distributable income, these pro forma financial statements may not be indicative of the results to be realized going forward.

(c) For Montana state income tax purposes, Whiting must withhold from its NPI payments to the Trust, an amount equal to 6% of the net amount payable to the Trust from the sale of oil and gas in Montana.

For Arkansas, Colorado, Michigan, Mississippi, New Mexico, North Dakota and Oklahoma, neither the Trust nor Whiting will be withholding the income tax due such states on distributions made to an individual resident or nonresident Trust unitholder, as long as the Trust is taxed as a grantor trust under the Internal Revenue Code.

(d) Assumes the issuance of             trust units.

 

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Appendix A

C AWLEY , G ILLESPIE & A SSOCIATES , I NC .

PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS

 

9601 AMBERGLEN BLVD., SUITE 117

AUSTIN, TEXAS 78729-1106

512-249-7000

 

306 WEST SEVENTH STREET, SUITE 302

FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76102-4987

817-336-2461

www.cgaus.com

 

1000 LOUISIANA STREET, SUITE 625

HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002-5008

713-651-9944

December 9, 2011

Whiting USA Trust II

1700 Broadway, Suite 2300

Denver, Colorado 80290-2300

 

Re:

  Evaluation Summary — SEC Price
  Whiting USA Trust II Underlying Properties
  Total Proved Reserves
  Certain Properties Located in Various States
  As of December 31, 2011
  Pursuant to the Guidelines of the Securities and Exchange Commission for Reporting Corporate Reserves and Future Net Revenue

Gentlemen:

As requested, we are submitting our estimates of total proved reserves and forecasts of economics attributable to the underlying properties, from which a net profits interest will be formed and then conveyed by Whiting Petroleum Corporation to the Whiting USA Trust II. These certain oil and gas properties are located in Texas, Wyoming, North Dakota, Colorado, New Mexico, Mississippi, Arkansas, Montana, Michigan and Oklahoma. Also included in the tables below are the total proved reserves attributable to the same underlying properties estimated to be produced by December 31, 2021, which is the estimated date of termination for Whiting USA Trust II. This report, completed December 9, 2011 covers 100% of the total proved reserves estimated for Whiting USA Trust II. This report includes results for an SEC pricing scenario. The results of this evaluation are presented in the accompanying tabulations, with a composite summary presented below:

 

Underlying Properties Full Economic Life

 
            Proved
Developed
Producing
     Proved
Developed
Non-Producing
     Proved
Undeveloped
     Total
Proved
 

Net Reserves

              

Oil

   - Mbbl      13,609.4         396.8         159.2         14,165.4   

Gas

   - MMcf      19,608.1         1,675.8         270.3         21,554.2   

NGL

   - Mbbl      503.9         18.1         0.0         522.0   

Equivalent*

   - Mbbl      17,381.3         694.3         204.2         18,279.8   

Revenue

              

Oil

   - M$      1,194,081.4         36,701.4         14,736.7         1,245,519.6   

Gas

   - M$      117,403.6         10,812.3         2,059.7         130,275.6   

NGL

   - M$      33,430.1         988.2         0.0         34,418.2   

Severance Taxes

   - M$      69,796.4         2,585.0         1,101.1         73,482.5   

Ad Valorem Taxes

   - M$      41,803.7         1,262.7         168.7         43,235.1   

Operating Expenses

   - M$      543,120.9         10,115.1         3,077.2         556,313.2   

Investments

   - M$      19,487.3         2,872.9         4,259.4         26,619.6   

Net Operating Income

   - M$      670,707.0         31,666.1         8,189.9         710,563.1   

Discounted @ 10%

   - M$      391,804.4         12,706.6         3,991.8         408,502.8   

 

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Whiting USA Trust II

December 9, 2011

Page 2

 

Underlying Properties Reserves Estimated to be Produced by December 31, 2021

 
            Proved
Developed
Producing
     Proved
Developed
Non-Producing
     Proved
Undeveloped
     Total
Proved
 

Net Reserves

              

Oil

   - Mbbl      8,591.7         137.8         114.9         8,844.4   

Gas

   - MMcf      14,605.3         741.4         189.3         15,536.1   

NGL

   - Mbbl      338.8         14.3         0.0         353.1   

Equivalent*

   - Mbbl      11,364.7         275.7         146.5         11,786.9   

Revenue

              

Oil

   - M$      755,810.6         12,753.4         10,632.2         779,196.2   

Gas

   - M$      87,119.7         4,588.2         1,442.2         93,150.0   

NGL

   - M$      22,464.1         781.8         0.0         23,245.9   

Severance Taxes

   - M$      45,912.3         995.4         783.5         47,691.3   

Ad Valorem Taxes

   - M$      25,883.7         483.5         127.5         26,494.7   

Operating Expenses

   - M$      282,201.6         2,507.3         1,220.6         285,929.5   

Investments

   - M$      19,487.3         2,080.0         4,259.4         25,826.7   

Net Operating Income

   - M$      491,909.5         12,057.1         5,683.3         509,649.9   

Discounted @ 10%

   - M$      348,277.8         7,893.7         3,380.9         359,552.5   

 

* Calculated based on an energy equivalent that one Bbl of crude oil equals six Mcf of natural gas and one Bbl of crude oil equals one Bbl of natural gas liquids.

The discounted cash flow value shown in the previous two tables should not be construed to represent an estimate of the fair market value by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.

Hydrocarbon Pricing

As requested for the SEC scenario, initial WTI spot oil and Henry Hub Gas Daily prices of $96.19 per bbl and $4.12 per MMBtu, respectively, were adjusted individually to WTI posted pricing at $92.81 per bbl and Houston Ship Channel pricing at $4.06 per MMBtu, as of December 31, 2011. Prices were not escalated in the SEC scenario. Oil price differentials, gas price differentials and heating values were applied as furnished by your office.

Expenses and Taxes

Lease operating expenses and Ad Valorem tax values were forecast as provided by your office. Lease operating expenses were held constant in accordance with SEC guidelines. Severance tax rates were applied at normal state percentages of oil and gas revenue.

Miscellaneous

An on-site field inspection of the properties has not been performed. The mechanical operation or conditions of the wells and their related facilities have not been examined nor have the wells been tested by Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. Possible environmental liability related to the properties has not been investigated nor considered. The cost of plugging and the salvage value of equipment at abandonment have not been included.

The proved reserve classifications used conform to the criteria of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”). The estimates were prepared based on the definitions and regulations contained in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule, Title 17 CFR Parts 210, 211 et al. released January 14, 2009 in the Federal Register. Proved oil and gas reserves are those

 

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Whiting USA Trust II

December 9, 2011

Page 3

 

quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward. The reserves and economics are predicated on regulatory agency classifications, rules, policies, laws, taxes and royalties in effect as noted herein. The possible effects of changes in legislation or other Federal or State restrictive actions have not been considered. All reserve estimates represent our best judgment based on data available at the time of preparation, and assumptions as to future economic and regulatory conditions. It should be realized that the reserves actually recovered, the revenue derived therefrom and the actual cost incurred could be more or less than the estimated amounts.

The reserve estimates were based on interpretations of factual data furnished by your office. We have used all methods and procedures as we considered necessary under the circumstances to prepare the report. We believe that the assumptions, data, methods and procedures were appropriate for the purpose served by this report. Production data, gas prices, gas price differentials, expense data, tax values and ownership interests were also supplied by you and were accepted as furnished. To some extent information from public records has been used to check and/or supplement these data. The basic engineering and geological data were subject to third party reservations and qualifications. Nothing has come to our attention, however, that would cause us to believe that we are not justified in relying on such data.

The professional qualifications of the undersigned, the technical person primarily responsible for the preparation of this report, are included as an attachment to this letter.

Yours very truly,

LOGO

Robert D. Ravnaas, P.E.

Executive Vice President

Cawley, Gillespie & Associates

Texas Registered Engineering Firm F-693

 

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Whiting USA Trust II

December 9, 2011

Page 4

 

Professional Qualifications of Robert D. Ravnaas, P.E.

Executive Vice President of Cawley, Gillespie & Associates

Mr. Ravnaas has been a Petroleum Consultant for Cawley, Gillespie & Associates (CG&A) since 1983, and became Executive Vice President in 1999. He has completed numerous field studies, reserve evaluations and reservoir simulation, waterflood design and monitoring, unit equity determinations and producing rate studies. He has testified before the Texas Railroad Commission in unitization and field rules hearings. Prior to CG&A he worked as a Production Engineer for Amoco Production Company. Mr. Ravnaas received a B.S. with special honors in Chemical Engineering from the University of Colorado at Boulder, and a M.S. in Petroleum Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin. He is a registered professional engineer in Texas, No. 61304, and a member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE), the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers, the American Association of Petroleum Geologists and the Society of Professional Well Log Analysts.

 

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            Trust Units

WHITING USA TRUST II

 

 

 

PROSPECTUS

 

 

 

RAYMOND JAMES

                    , 2012

 

 

 

 


Table of Contents

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 13. Other Expenses Of Issuance And Distribution.

Set forth below are the expenses (other than underwriting discounts and structuring fees) expected to be incurred in connection with the issuance and distribution of the securities registered hereby all of which will be paid for by Whiting Petroleum Corporation. With the exception of the Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee, the FINRA filing and the NYSE listing fee, the amounts set forth below are estimates.

 

Registration fee

   $ 44,121   

FINRA filing fee

     39,000   

NYSE listing fee

     125,000   

Printing and engraving expenses

     200,000   

Fees and expenses of legal counsel

     800,000   

Accounting fees and expenses

     200,000   

Transfer agent and registrar fees

     2,500   

Trustee fees and expenses

     3,500   

Miscellaneous

     85,879   
  

 

 

 

Total

   $ 1,500,000   
  

 

 

 

Item 14. Indemnification Of Directors And Officers.

The trust agreement provides that the trustee and its officers, agents and employees shall be indemnified from the assets of the trust against and from any and all liabilities, expenses, claims, damages or loss incurred by it individually or as trustee in the administration of the trust and the trust assets, including, without limitation, any liability, expenses, claims, damages or loss arising out of or in connection with any liability under environmental laws, or in the doing of any act done or performed or omission occurring on account of it being trustee or acting in such capacity, except such liability, expense, claims, damages or loss as to which it is liable under the trust agreement. In this regard, the trustee shall be liable only for fraud or gross negligence or for acts or omissions in bad faith and shall not be liable for any act or omission of any agent or employee unless the trustee has acted in bad faith or with gross negligence in the selection and retention of such agent or employee. The trustee is entitled to indemnification from the assets of the trust and shall have a lien on the assets of the trust to secure it for the foregoing indemnification.

Under the provisions of Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, Whiting Petroleum Corporation (“the Company”) is required to indemnify any present or former officer or director against expenses arising out of legal proceedings in which the director or officer becomes involved by reason of being a director or officer if the director or officer is successful in the defense of such proceedings. Section 145 also provides that the Company may indemnify a director or officer in connection with a proceeding in which he is not successful in defending if it is determined that he acted in good faith and in a manner reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company or, in the case of a criminal action, if it is determined that he had no reasonable cause to believe his conduct was unlawful. Liabilities for which a director or officer may be indemnified include amounts paid in satisfaction of settlements, judgments, fines and other expenses (including attorneys’ fees incurred in connection with such proceedings). In a stockholder derivative action, no indemnification may be paid in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which the director or officer has been adjudged to be liable to the Company (except for expenses allowed by a court).

The Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation provides for indemnification of directors and officers of the Company to the full extent permitted by applicable law. Under the provisions of the Company’s Amended and Restated By-laws, the Company is required to indemnify officers or directors to a greater extent than under

 

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the current provisions of Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. Except with respect to stockholder derivative actions, the By-law provisions generally state that the director or officer will be indemnified against expenses, amounts paid in settlement and judgments, fines, penalties and/or other amounts incurred with respect to any threatened, pending or completed proceeding, provided that (i) such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company, and (ii) with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, such person had no reasonable cause to believe his or her conduct was unlawful.

The foregoing standards also apply with respect to the indemnification of expenses incurred in a stockholder derivative suit. However, a director or officer may only be indemnified for settlement amounts or judgments incurred in a derivative suit to the extent that the Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper.

In accordance with the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation contains a provision to limit the personal liability of the directors of the Company for violations of their fiduciary duty. This provision eliminates each director’s liability to the Company or its stockholders, for monetary damages except (i) for breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to the Company or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) under Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law providing for liability of directors for unlawful payment of dividends or unlawful stock purchases or redemptions or (iv) for any transaction from which a director derived an improper personal benefit. The effect of this provision is to eliminate the personal liability of directors for monetary damages for actions involving a breach of their fiduciary duty of care, including any such actions involving gross negligence.

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and executive officers. The indemnification agreements do not increase the extent or scope of indemnification provided to the Company’s directors and executive officers under the Company’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and Amended and Restated By-laws, but set forth indemnification and expense advancement rights and establish processes and procedures determining entitlement to obtaining indemnification and advancement of expenses.

The Company maintains insurance policies that provide coverage to its directors and officers against certain liabilities.

Item 15. Recent Sales Of Unregistered Securities.

None.

Item 16. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules.

 

  (a) Exhibits. The exhibits listed in the accompanying Exhibit Index are filed or incorporated by reference as part of this Registration Statement.

 

  (b) Financial Statement Schedules. No financial statement schedules are required to be included herewith or they have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable.

Item 17. Undertakings.

The undersigned Registrants hereby undertake that, for purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each filing of Registrant’s annual report pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

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The undersigned Registrants hereby undertake to provide to the underwriters at the closing specified in the underwriting agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of each Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, each Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by a Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of a Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, that Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act of 1933 and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

For purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in the form of prospectus filed by the Registrants pursuant to Rule 424(b) (1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.

For purposes of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of securities, of an offering of securities by the undersigned Registrants pursuant to this registration statement, each of the undersigned Registrants will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: (i) any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned Registrants relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; (ii) any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrants or used or referred to by the undersigned Registrants; (iii) the portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned Registrants or their securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned Registrants; and (iv) any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned Registrants to the purchaser.

For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

The undersigned Registrants hereby undertake to send to each trust unitholder at least on an annual basis a detailed statement of any transactions with the trustees, Whiting Petroleum Corporation or their respective affiliates, and of fees, commissions, compensation and other benefits paid, or accrued to the trustees, Whiting Petroleum Corporation or their respective affiliates for the fiscal year completed, showing the amount paid or accrued to each recipient and the services performed.

The undersigned Registrants hereby undertake to provide to the trust unitholders the financial statements required by Form 10-K for the first full fiscal year of operations of the trust.

 

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Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Denver, State of Colorado, on December 16, 2011.

 

WHITING PETROLEUM CORPORATION

By:

 

/s/ James J. Volker

  James J. Volker
  Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities on December 16, 2011.

 

Signature

  

Title

/s/ James J. Volker

James J. Volker

   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)

/s/ Michael J. Stevens

Michael J. Stevens

   Vice President and Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

/s/ Brent P. Jensen

Brent P. Jensen

   Controller and Treasurer (Principal Accounting Officer)

              *

Thomas L. Aller

   Director

              *

D. Sherwin Artus

   Director

              *

Thomas P. Briggs

   Director

              *

Philip E. Doty

   Director

              *

William N. Hahne

   Director

              *

Allan R. Larson

   Director

*By

 

/s/ James J. Volker

James J. Volker

Attorney-in-fact

 

 

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Table of Contents

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Denver, State of Colorado, on December 16, 2011.

 

WHITING USA TRUST II

By:  WHITING PETROLEUM CORPORATION

  By:  

/s/ James J. Volker

    James J. Volker
    Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

 

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Table of Contents

EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
Number

 

Document Description

    (1)   Form of Underwriting Agreement.*
    (3.1)   Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Whiting Petroleum Corporation [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 (File No. 001-31899)].
    (3.2)   Amended and Restated By-laws of Whiting Petroleum Corporation [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (File No. 001-31899)].
    (3.3)   Certificate of Trust of Whiting USA Trust II.
    (3.4)   Trust Agreement dated December 5, 2011 among Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. and Wilmington Trust, National Association.
    (3.5)   Form of Amended and Restated Trust Agreement among Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. and Wilmington Trust, National Association.
    (4.1)   Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 15, 2010, among Whiting Petroleum Corporation, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, the lenders party thereto, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the various other agents party thereto [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 15, 2010 (File No. 001-31899)].
    (4.2)   First Amendment to Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of April 15, 2011, among Whiting Petroleum Corporation, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, the various other agents party thereto and the lenders party thereto. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 (File No. 001-31899)].
    (4.3)   Second Amendment to Fifth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of October 12, 2011, among Whiting Petroleum Corporation, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Administrative Agent, and the lenders party thereto. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4 to Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 12, 2011
(File No. 001-31899)].
    (4.4)   Subordinated Indenture, dated as of April 19, 2005, by and among Whiting Petroleum Corporation, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, Whiting Programs, Inc., Equity Oil Company and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 21, 2010 (File No. 001-31899)].
    (4.5)   Second Supplemental Indenture, dated September 24, 2010, among Whiting Petroleum Corporation, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee, creating the 6.5% Senior Subordinated Notes due 2018 [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated September 21, 2010 (File No. 001-31899)].
    (4.6)   Indenture, dated October 4, 2005, by and among Whiting Petroleum Corporation, Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, Whiting Programs, Inc. and The Bank of New York Trust Company, N.A., as successor trustee [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 4, 2005 (File No. 001-31899)].
    (4.7)   Rights Agreement, dated as of February 23, 2006, between Whiting Petroleum Corporation and Computershare Trust Company, Inc. [Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated February 23, 2006 (File No. 001-31899)].

 

E-1


Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number

 

Document Description

  (5.1)   Opinion of Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A. relating to the validity of the trust units.
  (8.1)   Opinion of Foley & Lardner LLP relating to tax matters.
(10.1)   Form of Conveyance and Assignment from Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee of Whiting USA Trust II.
(10.2)   Form of Administrative Services Agreement between Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation and Whiting USA Trust II.
(10.3)   Form of Registration Rights Agreement between Whiting Petroleum Corporation and Whiting USA Trust II.
(23.1)   Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP with respect to the Underlying Properties and Whiting USA Trust II.
(23.2)   Consent of Deloitte & Touche LLP with respect to Whiting Petroleum Corporation.
(23.3)   Consent of Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.
(23.4)   Consent of Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A. (contained in Exhibit 5.1).
(23.5)   Consent of Foley & Lardner LLP (contained in Exhibit 8.1).
(24)   Powers of Attorney for Whiting Petroleum Corporation Directors.
(99)   Summary Reserve Report of Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc. (included as Appendix A to the prospectus).

 

* To be filed by amendment.

 

E-2

Exhibit 3.3

CERTIFICATE OF TRUST

OF

WHITING USA TRUST II

THIS Certificate of Trust of Whiting USA Trust II (the “ Trust ”) is being duly executed and filed on behalf of the Trust by the undersigned, as trustees, to form a statutory trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (12 Del. C. § 3801 et seq.) (the “ Act ”).

1. Name . The name of the statutory trust formed by this Certificate of Trust is Whiting USA Trust II.

2. Delaware Trustee . The name and business address of the trustee of the Trust with its principal place of business in the State of Delaware are Wilmington Trust, National Association, Rodney Square North, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890, Attention: Corporate Trust Administration.

3. Effective Date . This Certificate of Trust shall be effective upon filing.

[Remainder of page intentionally left blank]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have duly executed this Certificate of Trust in accordance with Section 3811(a)(1) of the Act.

 

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., not in its individual capacity, but solely as trustee of the Trust

By:

 

/s/ Mike Ulrich

  Name:   Mike Ulrich
  Title:   Vice-President

 

2


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have duly executed this Certificate of Trust in accordance with Section 3811(a)(1) of the Act.

 

Wilmington Trust, National Association, not in
its individual capacity, but solely as trustee of
the Trust

By:

 

/s/ Adam Scozzafava

  Name:   Adam Scozzafava
  Title:   Banking Officer

 

3

Exhibit 3.4

TRUST AGREEMENT

OF

WHITING USA TRUST II

This Trust Agreement of Whiting USA Trust II is entered into effective as of the 5 th day of December, 2011 (this “ Trust Agreement ”), by and among WHITING OIL AND GAS CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation with its principal office in Denver, Colorado (the “ Trustor ”), as trustor, and WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a banking corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware with its principal office in Wilmington, Delaware (“ Wilmington Trust ”), and THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST COMPANY, N.A., a national association organized under the laws of the State of New York with its principal place of business in New York, New York (the “ Bank ”), as trustees (collectively referred to herein as the “ Trustees ”). Trustor and the Trustees hereby agree as follows:

1. The trust created hereby shall be known as “Whiting USA Trust II” (the “ Trust ”), in which name the Trustees or Trustor, to the extent provided herein, may conduct the business of the Trust, make and execute contracts, and sue and be sued.

2. Trustor hereby assigns, transfers, conveys and sets over to the Trust the sum of $10. Such amount shall constitute the initial trust estate. As part of an integrated plan for the formation of the Trust, Trustor intends to also contribute to the Trust certain interests in certain oil and natural gas properties of the Trustor. It is the intention of the parties hereto that the Trust created hereby constitute a statutory trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, Title 12, Chapter 38 of the Delaware Code, Sections 3801, et seq. (the “ Trust Act ”), and that this Trust Agreement constitute the governing instrument of the Trust. The Trustees are hereby authorized and directed to execute and file a certificate of trust with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware in such form as the Trustees may approve.

3. Trustor and the Trustees will enter into an amended and restated Trust Agreement satisfactory to each such party to provide for the contemplated operation of the Trust created hereby and the issuance of the trust securities referred to therein. Prior to the execution and delivery of such amended and restated Trust Agreement, the Trustees shall not have any duty or obligation hereunder or with respect of the trust estate, except as otherwise contemplated by this Trust Agreement, required by applicable law or as may be necessary to obtain prior to such execution and delivery any licenses, consents or approvals required by applicable law or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Trustees may take all actions deemed proper as are necessary to effect the transactions contemplated herein.

4. Trustor, as trustor of the Trust, and its affiliate Whiting Petroleum Corporation, are hereby authorized, in their sole discretion, (i) to prepare and file with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ Commission ”) and to execute, in the case of the 1933 Act Registration Statement and 1934 Act Registration Statement (as herein defined), on behalf of the Trust, (a) a Registration Statement (the “ 1933 Act Registration Statement ”), including all pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, relating to the registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ 1933 Act ”), of the trust securities of the Trust, (b) any preliminary


prospectus or prospectus or supplement thereto relating to the trust securities of the Trust required to be filed pursuant to the 1933 Act, and (c) a Registration Statement on Form 8-A or other appropriate form (the “ 1934 Act Registration Statement ”), including all pre-effective and post-effective amendments thereto, relating to the registration of the trust securities of the Trust under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; (ii) if and at such time as determined by Trustor and its affiliate Whiting Petroleum Corporation, to file with the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Stock Market or other exchange, or the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”), and execute on behalf of the Trust a listing application and all other applications, statements, certificates, agreements and other instruments as shall be necessary or desirable to cause the trust securities of the Trust to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Stock Market or such other exchange; (iii) to file and execute on behalf of the Trust, such applications, reports, surety bonds, irrevocable consents, appointments of attorney for service of process and other papers and documents that shall be necessary or desirable to register the trust securities of the Trust under the securities or “blue sky” laws of such jurisdictions as Trustor and its affiliate Whiting Petroleum Corporation, on behalf of the Trust, may deem necessary or desirable; (iv) to execute and deliver letters or documents to, or instruments for filing with, a depository relating to the trust securities of the Trust; and (v) to execute, deliver and perform on behalf of the Trust an underwriting agreement with one or more underwriters relating to the offering of the trust securities of the Trust.

In the event that any filing referred to in this Section 4 is required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Stock Market or other exchange, FINRA, or state securities or “blue sky” laws to be executed on behalf of the Trust by the Trustees, the Trustees, in their capacity as trustees of the Trust, are hereby authorized to join in any such filing and to execute on behalf of the Trust any and all of the foregoing, it being understood that the Trustees, in their capacity as trustees of the Trust, shall not be required to join in any such filing or execute on behalf of the Trust any such document unless required by the rules and regulations of the Commission, the New York Stock Exchange, the NASDAQ Stock Market or other exchange, FINRA, or state securities or “blue sky” laws; provided, however , that the Trustees in their discretion may resign if they elect not to join in any such filing or to execute any such document.

5. This Trust Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts.

6. The number of trustees of the Trust initially shall be two and thereafter the number of trustees of the Trust shall be such number as shall be fixed from time to time by a written instrument signed by Trustor which may increase or decrease the number of trustees of the Trust; provided, however , that to the extent required by the Trust Act, one trustee of the Trust shall either be a natural person who is a resident of the State of Delaware or, if not a natural person, an entity that has its principal place of business in the State of Delaware and otherwise meets the requirements of applicable law. Subject to the foregoing, Trustor is entitled to appoint or remove without cause any trustee of the Trust at any time. Any trustee of the Trust may resign upon thirty days’ prior notice to Trustor. In the event of the removal or resignation of Wilmington Trust where a successor trustee meeting the requirements of the Trust Act is required, if no such successor trustee shall have been appointed within 30 days after notice of such removal or resignation has been given, Wilmington Trust may, after delivery of written notice to Trustor and at the expense of Trustor, petition a court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor.

 

2


7. Notwithstanding any provision of this Trust Agreement to the contrary, Wilmington Trust shall be a Trustee of the Trust for the sole purpose of satisfying the requirements of Section 3807 of the Trust Act.

8. The Trustees (as such and in their individual capacities) and their respective officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents shall be indemnified and held harmless by Trustor with respect to any loss, liability, claim, damage, action, suit, tax, penalty, cost, disbursement or expense of any kind or nature whatsoever (including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) incurred by the Trustees (as such and in their individual capacities) arising out of or incurred in connection with the acceptance or performance by the Trustees of their respective duties and obligations contained in this Trust Agreement, the creation, operation, administration or termination of the Trust or the transactions contemplated hereby; provided, however , that the Trustees (including their respective officers, directors, employees, shareholders and agents) shall not be indemnified or held harmless as to any such loss, liability, claim, damage, action, suit, tax, penalty, cost, disbursement or expense of any kind or nature whatsoever (including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel) incurred by reason of their respective willful misconduct, bad faith or gross negligence. The obligations of Trustor under this Section 8 shall survive the resignation or removal of the Trustees and the termination of this Trust Agreement.

9. The Trust may be dissolved and terminated before the issuance of the trust securities of the Trust at the election of Trustor.

10. This Trust Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware (without regard to conflict of laws principles); PROVIDED, HOWEVER , THAT THERE SHALL NOT BE APPLICABLE TO THE PARTIES HEREUNDER OR THIS AGREEMENT ANY PROVISION OF THE LAWS (COMMON OR STATUTORY) OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE PERTAINING TO TRUSTS THAT RELATE TO OR REGULATE, IN A MANNER INCONSISTENT WITH THE TERMS HEREOF, (A) THE FILING WITH ANY COURT OR GOVERNMENTAL BODY OR AGENCY OF TRUSTEE ACCOUNTS OR SCHEDULES OF TRUSTEE FEES AND CHARGES, (B) AFFIRMATIVE REQUIREMENTS TO POST BONDS FOR TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AGENTS OR EMPLOYEES OF A TRUST, (C) THE NECESSITY FOR OBTAINING COURT OR OTHER GOVERNMENTAL APPROVAL CONCERNING THE ACQUISITION, HOLDING OR DISPOSITION OF REAL OR PERSONAL PROPERTY, (D) FEES OR OTHER SUMS PAYABLE TO TRUSTEES, OFFICERS, AGENTS OR EMPLOYEES OF A TRUST, (E) THE ALLOCATION OF RECEIPTS AND EXPENDITURES TO INCOME OR PRINCIPAL, (F) RESTRICTIONS OR LIMITATIONS ON THE PERMISSIBLE NATURE, AMOUNT OR CONCENTRATION OF TRUST INVESTMENTS OR REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO THE TITLING, STORAGE OR OTHER MANNER OF HOLDING OR INVESTING TRUST ASSETS OR (G) THE ESTABLISHMENT OF FIDUCIARY OR OTHER STANDARDS OF RESPONSIBILITY OR LIMITATIONS ON THE ACTS OR POWERS OF TRUSTEES THAT ARE INCONSISTENT WITH THE LIMITATIONS OR AUTHORITIES AND POWERS OF THE TRUSTEES HEREUNDER AS SET FORTH OR REFERENCED IN THIS AGREEMENT. SECTION 3540 OF TITLE 12 OF THE DELAWARE CODE SHALL NOT APPLY TO THE TRUST.

 

3


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Trustor, the Bank and Wilmington Trust have caused this Agreement to be duly executed the day and year first above written.

 

      WHITING OIL AND GAS CORPORATION
ATTEST:         

/s/ Michael J. Stevens

      By:   

/s/ James J. Volker

Name: Michael J. Stevens          Name: James J. Volker

Title: Vice President and Chief

Financial Officer

         Title: Chief Executive Officer
ATTEST:      

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST

COMPANY, N.A.

/s/ Saul Ramirez

      By:   

/s/ Mike Ulrich

Name: Saul Ramirez          Name: Mike Ulrich
Title: Vice President          Title: Vice-President
ATTEST:      

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL

ASSOCIATION

/s/ Yvette L. Howell

      By:   

/s/ Adam Scozzafava

Name: Yvette L. Howell          Name: Adam Scozzafava
Title: Assistant Vice President          Title: Banking Officer

 

4

Exhibit 3.5

AMENDED AND RESTATED

TRUST AGREEMENT

OF

WHITING USA TRUST II

Among

WHITING OIL AND GAS CORPORATION

and

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST COMPANY, N.A.

and

WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

Dated: As of             , 2012


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ARTICLE I DEFINITIONS      2   
ARTICLE II NAME AND PURPOSE OF THE TRUST; DECLARATION OF TRUST      7   

Section 2.01

  Name; Certificate of Trust      7   

Section 2.02

  Purpose      7   

Section 2.03

  Transfer of Trust Property to the Trust      8   

Section 2.04

  Creation of the Trust      8   

Section 2.05

  Principal Offices      9   

ARTICLE III ADMINISTRATION OF THE TRUST AND POWERS OF THE TRUSTEE AND THE DELAWARE TRUSTEE

     9   

Section 3.01

 

General Authority

     9   

Section 3.02

 

Limited Power of Disposition

     10   

Section 3.03

 

No Power to Engage in Business or Make Investments or Issue Additional Securities

     12   

Section 3.04

 

Interest on Cash Reserves

     12   

Section 3.05

 

Power to Settle Claims

     12   

Section 3.06

 

Power to Contract for Services

     13   

Section 3.07

 

Payment of Liabilities of Trust

     13   

Section 3.08

 

Income and Principal

     14   

Section 3.09

 

Term of Contracts

     14   

Section 3.10

 

Transactions with Entity Serving as the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee

     14   

Section 3.11

 

No Security Required

     14   

Section 3.12

 

Filing of Securities Act Registration Statement, Exchange Act Registration Statement and Other Reports, Listing of Trust Units, etc.; Certain Fees and Expenses

     14   

Section 3.13

 

Reserve Report

     15   

Section 3.14

 

No Liability for Recordation

     16   
ARTICLE IV TRUST UNITS AND UNCERTIFICATED BENEFICIAL INTEREST      16   

Section 4.01

  Creation and Distribution      16   

Section 4.02

  Rights of Trust Unitholders; Limitation on Personal Liability of Trust Unitholders      16   

Section 4.03

  Effect of Transfer      17   

Section 4.04

  Determination of Ownership      17   
ARTICLE V ACCOUNTING AND DISTRIBUTIONS; REPORTS      18   

Section 5.01

  Fiscal Year and Accounting Method      18   

Section 5.02

  Quarterly Distributions      18   

Section 5.03

  Reports to Trust Unitholders and Others      18   

Section 5.04

  Federal Income Tax Provisions      19   

 

-i-


ARTICLE VI LIABILITY OF DELAWARE TRUSTEE AND TRUSTEE AND METHOD OF SUCCESSION      19   

Section 6.01

  Liability of Delaware Trustee, Trustee and Agents      19   

Section 6.02

  Indemnification of Trustee or Delaware Trustee      20   

Section 6.03

  Resignation of Delaware Trustee and Trustee      22   

Section 6.04

  Removal of Delaware Trustee and Trustee      22   

Section 6.05

  Appointment of Successor Delaware Trustee or Trustee      23   

Section 6.06

  Laws of Other Jurisdictions      23   

Section 6.07

  Reliance on Experts      24   

Section 6.08

  Force Majeure      24   

Section 6.09

  Failure of Action by Trustor      25   

Section 6.10

  Action Upon Instructions      25   

Section 6.11

  Management of Trust Estate      25   

Section 6.12

  Validity      25   

Section 6.13

  Rights and Powers; Litigation      25   

Section 6.14

  No Duty to Act Under Certain Circumstances      26   
ARTICLE VII COMPENSATION OF THE TRUSTEE AND THE DELAWARE TRUSTEE      26   

Section 7.01

  Compensation of Trustee and Delaware Trustee      26   

Section 7.02

  Reimbursement of Trustor      26   

Section 7.03

  Source of Funds      27   

Section 7.04

  Ownership of Units by Trustor, the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee      27   
ARTICLE VIII MEETINGS OF TRUST UNITHOLDERS      27   

Section 8.01

  Purpose of Meetings      27   

Section 8.02

  Call and Notice of Meetings      27   

Section 8.03

  Method of Voting and Vote Required      28   

Section 8.04

  Conduct of Meetings      28   
ARTICLE IX DURATION, REVOCATION AND TERMINATION OF TRUST      28   

Section 9.01

  Revocation      28   

Section 9.02

  Termination      28   

Section 9.03

  Disposition and Distribution of Assets and Properties      28   

Section 9.04

  Reorganization or Business Combination      29   
ARTICLE X AMENDMENTS      30   

Section 10.01

  Prohibited Amendments      30   

Section 10.02

  Permitted Amendments      30   
ARTICLE XI ARBITRATION      31   
ARTICLE XII MISCELLANEOUS      33   

Section 12.01

  Inspection of Books      33   

Section 12.02

  Disability of a Trust Unitholder      34   

Section 12.03

  Interpretation      34   

 

-ii-


Section 12.04

  Merger or Consolidation of Delaware Trustee or Trustee      34   

Section 12.05

  Change in Trust Name      34   

Section 12.06

  Filing of this Agreement      34   

Section 12.07

  Choice of Law      34   

Section 12.08

  Separability      35   

Section 12.09

  Notices      35   

Section 12.10

  Counterparts      37   

Section 12.11

  Stand-by Letter of Credit      37   

 

-iii-


AMENDED AND RESTATED

TRUST AGREEMENT

OF

WHITING USA TRUST II

This Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of WHITING USA TRUST II, a Delaware statutory trust created pursuant to the Organizational Trust Agreement (hereinafter defined) and continued and administered under the terms of this Agreement (hereinafter defined) (the “ Trust ”), is entered into effective as of the      day of             , 2012, by and among WHITING OIL AND GAS CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation with its principal office in Denver, Colorado (referred to herein as the “ Trustor ”), as trustor, and WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION, a national banking association with its principal office in Wilmington, Delaware and its successors and assigns (“ Wilmington Trust ”), as Delaware Trustee (as hereinafter defined), and THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST COMPANY, N.A., a national association with its principal place of business in New York, New York (the “ Bank ”), as Trustee (as hereinafter defined).

W I T N E S S E T H:

WHEREAS, As part of an integrated plan for the formation of the Trust, Trustor has determined to convey to the Trust the Net Profits Interest (hereinafter defined) and Pre-Effective Time Payment (as herein defined) pursuant to the Conveyance (hereinafter defined) in exchange for              Trust Units (hereinafter defined);

WHEREAS, Trustor, Wilmington Trust and the Bank have previously formed the Trust pursuant to the Organizational Trust Agreement (hereinafter defined) in accordance with the provisions of the Trust Act (hereinafter defined) and, in connection therewith, Trustor has previously delivered to the Bank, on behalf of the Trust, good and valuable consideration, which the Bank has accepted, to have and to hold, in trust, such property and all other properties that may hereafter be received hereunder, for the purposes and subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter provided;

WHEREAS, Trustor and the Trust have determined to enter into the Administrative Services Agreement (hereinafter defined) outlining Trustor’s provision of administrative services to the Trust and its compensation therefor;

WHEREAS, Trustor has agreed with the Bank to enter into a stand-by letter of credit in the amount of $1 million for the benefit of the Bank; and

WHEREAS, Trustor has agreed to deliver to the Bank, on behalf of the Trust, good and valuable consideration, which consideration the Bank has agreed to accept, to have and to hold, in trust, together with such other property that may hereafter be received hereunder, for the purposes and subject to the terms and conditions hereinafter provided.


NOW, THEREFORE, Trustor, Wilmington Trust and the Bank hereby amend and restate the Organizational Trust Agreement in its entirety.

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

As used herein, the following terms have the meanings indicated:

AAA ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Article XI .

Administrative Services Agreement ” means the Administrative Services Agreement dated             , 2012 entered into between Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation and the Trust.

Affiliate ” means, for any specified Person, another Person that controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the specified Person. “Control,” in the preceding sentence, refers to the possession by one Person, directly or indirectly, of the right or power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of another Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract, or otherwise.

Agent ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 3.06 .

Agreement ” means this Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of Whiting USA Trust II, as it may be further amended, supplemented or restated from time to time.

Beneficial Interest ” means the aggregate beneficial ownership interest of all Trust Unitholders in the Trust Estate, including without limitation the proceeds from the conversion of the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment to cash, and in the right to cash resulting from such conversion of the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment, which beneficial ownership interest is expressed in Trust Units. A Trust Unitholder’s beneficial ownership interest in the Trust is personal property notwithstanding the nature of the property of the Trust.

Business Day ” means any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday, a holiday determined by NYSE Regulation Inc. as affecting “ex’ dates” or any other day on which national banking institutions in New York, New York, Denver, Colorado or Wilmington, Delaware are closed as authorized or required by law.

Claimant ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Article XI(c) .

Closing ” means the closing of the initial public offering of Trust Units contemplated by the Securities Act Registration Statement.

Closing Date ” means the date of Closing.

Commission ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

 

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Conveyance ” means the Conveyance of Term Net Profits Interest, dated as of , 2012, from Trustor, as grantor, to the Trust, as grantee, pursuant to which the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment is conveyed.

Delaware Trustee ” means the Entity serving as a trustee (other than as the Trustee) hereunder having its principal place of business in Delaware, not in its individual capacity but solely in its fiduciary capacity, and having the rights and obligations specified with respect to the Delaware Trustee in this Agreement. Further, any benefit, indemnity, release or protection granted to the Delaware Trustee herein shall extend to and shall be fully applicable and effective with regard to any Entity serving as the Delaware Trustee, including, without limitation, Wilmington Trust.

Entity ” means a corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company, estate or other entity, organization or association.

Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Exchange Act Registration Statement ” means the registration statement on Form 8-A pursuant to which the Trust Units may be registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.

Expenses ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 6.02(a) .

Fair Value ” means, with respect to any portion of the Net Profits Interest to be released pursuant to Section 3.02(b) in connection with a sale of Underlying Properties, an amount of net proceeds which could reasonably be expected to be obtained from the sale of such portion of the Net Profits Interest to a party which is not an Affiliate of Trustor or the Trust on an arms’-length negotiated basis, taking into account relevant market conditions and factors existing at the time of any such proposed sale or release, such net proceeds to be determined by deducting the Trust’s proportionate share of sales costs, commissions and brokerage fees, if any (based on the relative fair market value of the Underlying Properties being transferred without giving effect to either the portion of the Net Profits Interest being released or the fair market value of the portion of the Net Profits Interest being released).

Indemnified Party ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 6.02(c) .

Indemnifying Party ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 6.02(c) .

Independent Reserve Engineers ” means Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc., independent petroleum engineers, or any successor petroleum engineering consultants employed by the Trust to provide information and reports with respect to the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment.

Liquidation Date ” means the “Termination Date” as such term is defined in the Conveyance.

NASDAQ ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 3.12(a)(iii) .

 

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Net Profits Interest ” means the term net profits interest to be conveyed to the Trust pursuant to the Conveyance.

NYSE ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 3.12(a)(iii) .

Organizational Trust Agreement ” means the Trust Agreement of Whiting USA Trust II, entered into and effective as of December 5, 2011 by and among Trustor, the Bank and Wilmington Trust.

Person ” means a natural person or an Entity.

Pre-Effective Time Payment ” means the “Pre-Effective Time Payment” as such term is defined in the Conveyance.

Prior Reversionary Interest ” has the meaning assigned to that term in the Conveyance.

Quarterly Cash Distribution ” means, for each Quarterly Period, an amount determined by the Trustee pursuant to Section 5.02 to be equal to the excess, if any, of (a) the cash received by the Trust, attributable to the Net Profits Interest prior to such Quarterly Cash Distribution, plus (b) any decrease prior to such Quarterly Cash Distribution in any cash reserve theretofore established by the Trustee for the payment of liabilities of the Trust, plus any other cash receipts of the Trust prior to such Quarterly Cash Distribution (including Sales Proceeds Amounts and any cash received from interest earned pursuant to Section 3.04 ), minus (c) the liabilities of the Trust paid prior to such Quarterly Cash Distribution, plus the amount of any cash used prior to such Quarterly Cash Distribution by the Trustee to establish or increase a cash reserve established for the payment of any liabilities of the Trust; provided, that for the initial Quarterly Period, the amounts referred to in (a) above shall instead be the cash received by the Trust attributable to the Pre-Effective Time Payment from January 1, 2012 through, but excluding, the effective date of the Conveyance and the cash received by the Trust attributable to the Net Profits Interests from the effective date of the Conveyance through and including March 31, 2012.

Quarterly Payment Date ” means the date of a distribution, which shall be on or before the tenth day (or, if such day is on a Business Day, the next Business Day) following the Quarterly Record Date for such distribution; provided that the first Quarterly Payment Date shall be May 30, 2012.

Quarterly Period ” means, for the initial period, the period which commences on January 1, 2012 and continues through and includes March 31, 2012 and for succeeding periods the periods which commence on the first day of each calendar quarter and continues through and includes the last day of such calendar quarter, provided that the last Quarterly Period shall mean any portion of the calendar quarter during which the Liquidation Date occurs from the beginning of such calendar quarter until and including the Liquidation Date.

Quarterly Record Date ” means, for each Quarterly Period, the close of business on the fiftieth day following the end of such Quarterly Period or such other date established by the Trustee in order to comply with applicable law or the rules of any securities exchange or

 

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quotation system on which the Trust Units may be listed or admitted to trading, in which event “Quarterly Record Date” means such other date. The first Quarterly Record Date shall be May 20, 2012.

Record Date Trust Unitholders ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Section 8.02 .

Registration Rights Agreement ” means the Registration Rights Agreement dated             , 2012 entered into between Whiting Petroleum Corporation and the Trust.

Respondent ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Article XI(c) .

Responsible Officer ” means (a) with respect to the Delaware Trustee, any officer in the Corporate Trust Administration office of the Delaware Trustee having direct responsibility for the administration of this Agreement, and with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any officer of the Delaware Trustee to whom such matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject, and (b) with respect to the Trustee, any officer in the Institutional Trust Services department of the Trustee having direct responsibility for the administration of this Agreement, and with respect to a particular corporate trust matter, any officer of the Trustee to whom such a matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the subject.

Rules ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Article XI .

Sales Proceeds Amount ” means any cash paid to the Trust in consideration for any of the Net Profits Interest pursuant to Sections 3.02 and 9.03 hereof after deduction of Trust expenses related to such sale or the establishment by the Trustee of cash reserves in such amounts as the Trustee in its discretion deems appropriate for contingent liabilities related thereto in accordance with Section 3808 of the Trust Act.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act ” means the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended.

Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Securities Act Registration Statement ” means the Registration Statement on Form S-l/Form S-3 (Registration No. 333-            ) as it has been or as it may be amended or supplemented from time to time, filed by the Trust and Whiting Petroleum Corporation with the Commission under the Securities Act to register the offering and sale of up to              Trust Units by Whiting Petroleum Corporation.

Special Provisions ” has the meaning assigned to that term in Article XI .

Subject Well ” has the meaning assigned to that term in the Conveyance.

Transaction Documents ” means this Agreement, the Conveyance, the Registration Rights Agreement, the Administrative Services Agreement and the Underwriting Agreement.

 

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Transferee ” means, as to any Trust Unitholder or former Trust Unitholder, any Person succeeding to the interest of such Trust Unitholder or former Trust Unitholder in one or more Trust Units, whether as purchaser, donee, legatee or otherwise.

Trust Act ” means the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, Title 12, Chapter 38 of the Delaware Code, Sections 3801 et seq., as amended from time to time during the term of this Agreement.

Trust Estate ” means the assets held by the Trust under this Agreement, including both income and principal.

Trust Unit ” means an uncertificated, undivided pro rata fractional interest in the Beneficial Interest, determined as hereinafter provided.

Trust Unitholder ” means the owner of one or more Trust Units as reflected on the books of the Trustee pursuant to Section 4.01 .

Trustee ” means the Entity serving as a trustee (other than the Delaware Trustee) under this Agreement, not in its individual capacity but solely in its fiduciary capacity. Further, any benefit, indemnity, release or protection granted to the Trustee herein shall extend to and shall be fully applicable and effective with regard to any Entity serving as Trustee, including, without limitation, the Bank. The term “principal office” of the Trustee shall mean the principal office of the Trustee in Austin, Texas, or the principal office at which at any particular time its institutional or corporate trust business may be administered.

Trustee Conveyance ” means a conveyance executed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 3.02 covering that portion of the Net Profits Interest to be conveyed pursuant to said Section and in such form as the Trustee is advised by counsel is sufficient to transfer the right, title and interest of the Trust therein and to provide for payment to the Trustee of all the net proceeds attributable thereto through the effective date of such Trustee Conveyance.

Underlying Properties ” means the Subject Interests subject to the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment, as “Subject Interests” is defined in the Conveyance.

Underwriters ” means each Person named as an underwriter in Schedule I to the Underwriting Agreement who purchases Trust Units pursuant thereto.

Underwriting Agreement ” means the Underwriting Agreement dated as of             , 2012 among the Underwriters, the Trustee on behalf of the Trust and Whiting, providing for the purchase of              Trust Units and any additional Trust Units to be sold by Whiting pursuant to the Underwriters’ over-allotment option.

Whiting ” means Whiting Petroleum Corporation, a Delaware corporation.

 

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ARTICLE II

NAME AND PURPOSE OF THE TRUST; DECLARATION OF TRUST

Section 2.01 Name; Certificate of Trust . The Trust continued by this Agreement shall remain a Delaware statutory trust under the Trust Act. The Trust shall continue to be known as Whiting USA Trust II, and the Trustee may transact the Trust’s affairs in that name. The continuation and operation of the Trust shall be in accordance with this Agreement, which shall constitute the “governing instrument” of the Trust within the meaning of Section 3801(f) of the Trust Act. In the event that a Responsible Officer of either the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee becomes aware that any statement contained or matter described in the Trust’s Certificate of Trust has changed, making it false in any material respect, it will notify the other trustee and the Delaware Trustee shall promptly file or cause to be filed in the office of the Secretary of State of Delaware an amendment of same at the written direction of the Trustee, duly executed in accordance with Section 3811 of the Trust Act, in order to effect such change thereto, such filing to be in accordance with Section 3810(b) of the Trust Act. Upon the completion of the dissolution and winding up of the Trust in accordance with Section 3808 of the Trust Act and Sections 9.02 and 9.03 , the Delaware Trustee shall, at the written direction of the Trustee, file or cause to be filed a certificate of cancellation of the Trust’s Certificate of Trust, duly executed in accordance with Section 3811 of the Trust Act.

Section 2.02 Purpose . The purposes of the Trust are, and the Trust (and the Trustee on behalf of the Trust) shall have the power and authority and is hereby authorized:

(a) to acquire, hold, protect and conserve, for the benefit of the Trust Unitholders, the Trust Estate;

(b) to receive and hold the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment, the Administrative Services Agreement and the other assets of the Trust Estate;

(c) to issue              Trust Units on the Closing Date and to perform its obligations with respect thereto;

(d) to invest cash reserves as provided in Section 3.04;

(e) to convert the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment into cash either by (1) retaining the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment and collecting the proceeds of production payable with respect to the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment until production has ceased or the Net Profits Interest has been sold or transferred or the Net Profits Interest has otherwise terminated or (2) selling or otherwise disposing of all or any portion of the Net Profits Interest in accordance with the terms of this Agreement;

(f) to pay, or provide for the payment of, any liabilities incurred in carrying out the purposes of the Trust, and thereafter to distribute the remaining amounts of cash received by the Trust to the Trust Unitholders on a pro rata basis determined by the number of Trust Units held by each Trust Unitholder in accordance with Section 5.02 ;

(g) to distribute the Quarterly Cash Distribution;

 

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(h) to incur indebtedness in order to pay the liabilities of the Trust as they become due, if necessary; provided however, that such indebtedness shall not be granted any security interests in or otherwise encumber the Trust Estate;

(i) to enter into, execute, deliver and perform its obligations and enforce its rights under the Transaction Documents to which it is a party;

(j) to cause to be prepared and file (i) reports required to be filed under the Exchange Act, (ii) any reports required by the rules of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the Trust Units are listed or admitted to trading, and (iii) any reports or forms required to be filed pursuant to tax laws and other applicable laws and regulations, and to establish, evaluate and maintain a system of internal control over financial reporting in compliance with the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act;

(k) to conduct and wind up its business as described in the Securities Act Registration Statement; and

(l) to engage in such other activities as are necessary or convenient for the attainment of any of the foregoing or are incident thereto and which may be engaged in or carried on by a statutory trust under the Trust Act.

Section 2.03 Transfer of Trust Property to the Trust . Upon the formation of the Trust, Trustor paid good and valuable consideration to the Trust, in trust, for the uses and purposes provided in the Organizational Trust Agreement and in this Agreement. At (and subject to the occurrence of) the Closing, Trustor shall grant, bargain, sell, convey and assign to the Trust for the uses and purposes provided herein the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment pursuant to the Conveyance in consideration for              Trust Units to be issued by the Trust to Trustor, which Trust Units shall collectively represent the entire Beneficial Interest in accordance with Section 4.01 . The issuance of the              Trust Units is hereby duly authorized and, upon issuance at the Closing, such Trust Units shall be duly and validly issued and outstanding and, upon receipt by the Trust at the Closing of the consideration described in the preceding sentence, the Trust Units will be fully paid and non-assessable without the requirement of any further consideration.

Section 2.04 Creation of the Trust . The Trustee declares that it shall hold the Trust Estate in trust for the benefit of the Trust Unitholders, upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. As set forth above and amplified herein, the Trust is intended to be a passive entity limited to the receipt of revenues attributable to the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment and the distribution of such revenues, after payment of or provision for Trust expenses and liabilities, to the Trust Unitholders. It is not the intention of the parties hereto to create, and nothing in this Agreement shall be construed as creating, for any purpose, a partnership, joint venture, joint stock company or similar business association, between or among Trust Unitholders, present or future, or between or among Trust Unitholders, or any of them, the Delaware Trustee, the Trustee and/or Trustor. Neither the Trustee nor the Delaware Trustee, in its individual capacity, makes any representation as to the validity or sufficiency of this Trust Agreement.

 

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Section 2.05 Principal Offices . Unless and until changed by the Trustee, the address of the principal office of the Trustee is 919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500, Austin, Texas 78701, Attention: Michael J. Ulrich. Unless and until changed by the Delaware Trustee, the principal place of business of the Delaware Trustee is Rodney Square North, 1100 North Market Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19890, Attention: Corporate Trust Administration. The Trust may maintain offices at such other place or places within or without the State of Delaware as the Trustee deems advisable.

ARTICLE III

ADMINISTRATION OF THE TRUST AND POWERS OF THE TRUSTEE

AND THE DELAWARE TRUSTEE

Section 3.01 General Authority .

(a) The Trustee accepts the trust hereby continued and agrees to perform its duties hereunder with respect to the same, but only upon the express terms of this Agreement. Subject to the limitations set forth in this Agreement, the Trustee, acting alone, without the approval or consent of, or notice to, the Delaware Trustee or any Trust Unitholder, is authorized to take such action as in its judgment is necessary, desirable or advisable to best achieve the purposes of the Trust, including the authority to enter into, deliver and perform on behalf of the Trust the Registration Rights Agreement and the Administrative Services Agreement (which the Trustee is hereby directed to do), to re-convey on behalf of the Trust the Net Profits Interest to Trustor and to agree on behalf of the Trust to modifications of the terms of the Conveyance to correct errors or ambiguities or to settle disputes with respect thereto, in each case so long as such modifications or settlements do not alter the nature of the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment as the right to receive a share of the net proceeds from production from the Underlying Properties in accordance with the Conveyance and comply with Section 10.02 . The Trustee shall not (i) dispose of any part of the Trust Estate except as provided in Sections 3.02 and 9.03 or (ii) except as provided in Section 10.02 , agree to amend or waive any provision of, give any consent or release with respect to, or terminate the Conveyance without the approval of holders of a majority of the outstanding Trust Units as provided in Article VIII .

(b) The Delaware Trustee accepts the Trust hereby continued and agrees to perform its duties hereunder with respect to the same, but only upon the express terms of this Agreement. The Delaware Trustee is authorized to take only such actions, and shall be required to perform only such duties and obligations, with respect to the Trust as are specifically set forth in this Agreement, and no implied duties, obligations or powers shall be read into this Agreement in respect to the Delaware Trustee. The Delaware Trustee shall not otherwise manage or take part in the business or affairs of the Trust in any manner.

(c) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, unless specifically authorized in writing by the Trustee and consented to by the Delaware Trustee, the Delaware Trustee shall not participate in any decisions or possess any authority with respect to the administration of the Trust, the investment of the Trust’s property or the payment of dividends or other distributions of income or principal to the Trust Unitholders. The Delaware Trustee shall have the power and authority to execute, deliver, acknowledge and file all necessary documents and to maintain all necessary records of the Trust as required by the Trust Act. The Delaware

 

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Trustee shall provide prompt written notice to the Trustee of its performance of any of the foregoing acts. The Trustee shall reasonably keep the Delaware Trustee informed of any material action taken by the Trustee with respect to the Trust.

Section 3.02 Limited Power of Disposition.

(a) In the event that Trustor notifies the Trustee that it desires the Trustee to sell or dispose of all or any part of the Trust Estate, including, without limitation, all or any portion of the Net Profits Interest, or any interest therein, the Trustee may sell, at any time and from time to time, all or any part of any of the Trust Estate for cash in such a manner as it deems in the best interest of the Trust Unitholders if approved by Trust Unitholders holding a majority of the outstanding Trust Units present or represented at a meeting held in accordance with the requirements of Article VIII . This Section 3.02(a) shall not be construed to require approval of the Trust Unitholders for any sale or other disposition of all or any part of the Trust Estate pursuant to Sections 3.02(b) or 9.03 .

(b) Except as provided in Sections 3.02(a) and (c), the Trustee shall not sell or otherwise dispose of all or any part of the Trust Estate, including, without limitation, all or any portion of the Net Profits Interest, or any interest therein, except that the Trustee is directed to sell and convey all or any portion of the Net Profits Interest as provided in this Section 3.02(b) and in Section 9.03 and no Trust Unitholder approval shall be required for any sale or conveyance in accordance with any of such provisions. Any sale or conveyance by the Trustee of any part of the Trust Estate other than pursuant to this Section 3.02(b) , 3.02(c) or 9.03 shall be subject to Section 3.02(a) .

(i) Trustor and its Affiliates may at any time and from time to time sell, but only in accordance with the provisions set forth below and in accordance with the terms of the Conveyance, a divided or undivided portion of their interests in the Underlying Properties, free from and unburdened by the Net Profits Interest without the consent of the Trustee or the Trust Unitholders. Upon receipt of written notice of such a sale given by Trustor or its Affiliates, the Trustee shall execute and deliver at the closing of such sale a Trustee Conveyance and such other instruments, agreements and documents as Trustor or its Affiliates may reasonably request, to evidence or effect the transfer of such portion of Trustor’s or its Affiliates’ interests in the Underlying Properties, free from and unburdened by the Net Profits Interest, provided that:

(A) no sale of a portion of Trustor’s or its Affiliates’ interests in the Underlying Properties free from and unburdened by the Net Profits Interest that would otherwise burden such portion of Trustor’s or its Affiliates’ interests shall be permitted under this paragraph (i) if (1) the sale is to a Person who is an Affiliate of Trustor, (2) the sale relates to an interest in the Underlying Properties that accounted for in excess of 0.25% of the total production from all Underlying Properties during the most recently completed 12 calendar months, or (3) the Fair Value received by the Trust pursuant to clause (B) of this paragraph (i) with respect to the portion of the Net Profits Interest to be reconveyed by the Trustee, plus the Fair Value received by the Trust pursuant to clause (B) of this paragraph (i) with respect to all other portions of the Net Profits Interest previously released by the Trustee pursuant to this paragraph (i) during the most recently completed 12 calendar months, would exceed $1,000,000;

(B) in connection with any sale pursuant to this paragraph (i), the Trust shall receive credit pursuant to the Conveyance in an amount equal to the Fair Value to the Trust for the portion of the Net Profits Interest to be reconveyed by the Trustee in connection with the sale of the Underlying Properties; and

 

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(C) the Trustee shall have received a certificate from Trustor executed by or on behalf of the manager thereof certifying to the Trustee and the Trust that the credit pursuant to the Conveyance to be received by the Trust pursuant to clause (B) above represents the Fair Value to the Trust for the portion of the Net Profits Interest to be reconveyed by the Trustee in connection therewith.

Any other sale of all or any portion of the Underlying Properties will not relieve Trustor of its obligations with respect to the Net Profits Interest.

(ii) In the event that a portion of the Net Profits Interest is to be reconveyed pursuant to Section 3.02(b)(i) , upon receipt of (A) an accurate description of said portion of the Net Profits Interest and (B) sufficient information to evidence conclusively that the conditions to purchase referred to in the applicable section of the Conveyance have been satisfied, then within a reasonable time thereafter, and upon advice of such experts as may be retained by the Trustee with the written consent of Trustor, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, the Trustee shall execute and deliver a Trustee Conveyance covering said portion of the Net Profits Interest to Trustor or its assignee.

(iii) Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Trustee shall not agree to any distribution of the Net Profits Interest or any other asset of the Trust that would cause the interest of a Trust Unitholder to be treated (except for tax purposes) as other than an intangible personal property interest. Unless required to sell pursuant to this Section 3.02 or pursuant to Section 9.03 , or to distribute the Quarterly Cash Distribution pursuant to Section 5.02 , the Trustee is authorized to retain any part of the Trust Estate in the form in which such property was transferred to the Trustee, without regard to any requirement to diversify investments or other requirements.

(c) Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event that any Person notifies Trustor that, pursuant to a Prior Reversionary Interest, Trustor is required to convey any of the Underlying Properties to such Person or cease production from any Subject Well, Trustor may provide such conveyance with respect to such Underlying Property or permanently cease production from any such Subject Well. In connection with any conveyance or permanent cessation of production pursuant to this Section 3.02(c), Trustee shall, on request, immediately prior to such event, execute, acknowledge, and deliver to Trustor a recordable instrument (reasonably acceptable to Trustor) that reconveys the Net Profits Interest with respect to any such Underlying Property or Subject Interests to Grantor.

(i) Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, in the event that Trustor receives compensation pursuant to any Prior Reversionary Interest Trustee shall not be entitled to any share of such compensation.

(ii) From and after the actual date of any conveyance or permanent cessation of production provided for in this Section 3.02(c), Trustor and any assignee, purchaser, transferee or grantee of such Subject Interest shall be relieved of all

 

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obligations, requirements, and responsibilities arising under the Net Profits Interest or the Conveyance with respect to the Underlying Property transferred (and no credits or debits shall be made pursuant to the Conveyance for the portion of the Net Profits Interest to be transferred), except for those that accrued prior to such date.

Section 3.03 No Power to Engage in Business or Make Investments or Issue Additional Securities. Neither the Trustee nor the Delaware Trustee shall cause or permit the Trust to (a) acquire any asset other than the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment and proceeds therefrom, other than in connection with the rights of the Trust to enforce the terms and provisions of the Transaction Document to which it is a part, and to collect other amounts paid to the Trust as set forth herein, (b) engage in any business or investment activity of any kind whatsoever, except for the activities permitted herein or (c) issue Trust Units or other securities after the Closing Date. Neither the Trustee nor the Delaware Trustee shall have any responsibility or authority relating to the development or operations of the Underlying Properties or the marketing of any production therefrom.

Section 3.04 Interest on Cash Reserves. Cash being held by the Trustee as a reserve for, or in anticipation of, the distribution of a Quarterly Cash Distribution or for the payment of any liabilities, other than current routine administrative costs, shall be placed by the Trustee with one or more banks or financial institutions (which, to the extent to which authorized pursuant to the Trust Act and other applicable laws, may be, or may include, any bank serving as the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee) and be invested in (a) accounts payable on demand (b) money market funds that invest in only United States government securities, (c) interest bearing obligations issued by (or unconditionally guaranteed by) the United States of America or any agency or instrumentality thereof (provided such agency or instrumentality obligations are guaranteed by the full faith and credit of the United States of America), (d) repurchase agreements secured by obligations qualifying under (c) above or (e) certificates of deposit of any bank or banks having combined capital, surplus and undivided profits in excess of $100,000,000 which, in the case of (c), (d) and (e) above, mature prior to the date on which such Quarterly Cash Distribution is to be distributed or any such liability is to be paid. Any government obligation, repurchase agreement or certificate of deposit held by the Trustee shall be held until maturity. The interest rate on reserves placed with any bank or financial institution serving as the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee shall be the interest rate that such bank pays in the normal course of business on amounts placed with it, taking into account the amount involved, the period held and other relevant factors. Subject to Section 6.01 , the Trustee shall not be liable for its selection of permitted investments or for any investment losses resulting from such investments. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the Delaware Trustee shall not be obligated to accept any such cash or other assets for investment or otherwise. To the extent that the Delaware Trustee decides in its sole and absolute discretion to accept cash for investment pursuant to this Section 3.04 , the Delaware Trustee shall invest such cash pursuant to the written instructions of the Trustee, and the Delaware Trustee shall not be liable to the Trust for any losses resulting from such investments absent its own fraud or acts or omissions in bad faith or which constitute gross negligence.

Section 3.05 Power to Settle Claims. The Trustee is authorized to prosecute or defend, and to settle by arbitration or otherwise, any claim of or against the Trustee, the Trust or the Trust Estate, to waive or release rights of any kind and to pay or satisfy any debt, tax or claim

 

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upon any evidence by it deemed sufficient, without the joinder or consent of any Trust Unitholder, including enforcing the rights of the Trust under the Transaction Documents. The Trust Unitholders shall have no power to prosecute any claim of the Trust or the Trust Estate against any Person other than to prosecute a claim to compel performance by the Trustee on behalf of the Trust or the Trust Estate.

Section 3.06 Power to Contract for Services. In the administration of the Trust, the Trustee is empowered to employ oil and natural gas consultants (which may include the Independent Reserve Engineers), accountants (with the consent of Trustor, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), attorneys (who may, but need not be, counsel to Trustor or any of its Affiliates) and other professional and expert Persons, to employ or contract for clerical and other administrative assistance (including assistance from Trustor or any of its Affiliates), to delegate to agents, employees, officers, directors, custodians or nominees (individually, an “ Agent ” and collectively, “ Agents ”) any matter, whether ministerial or discretionary, and to act through such Agents and to make payments of all fees for services or expenses in any manner thus incurred out of the Trust Estate.

Section 3.07 Payment of Liabilities of Trust. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Trustee may and shall use all money received by it for the payment or reimbursement of all liabilities of the Trust, including, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing, all expenses, taxes, liabilities incurred of all kinds, compensation to it for its services hereunder, as provided for in Article VII , and compensation to such parties as may be employed as provided for in Section 3.06 . With respect to any liability that is contingent or uncertain in amount or that otherwise is not currently due and payable, the Trustee may, but is not obligated to, establish a cash reserve for the payment of such liability. Except to the extent permitted under applicable law, the Trustee shall not pay any liability of the Trust with funds set aside pursuant to Section 5.02 for the payment of a Quarterly Cash Distribution. If at any time the cash on hand and to be received by the Trustee and available to pay liabilities is not, or will not be, in the judgment of the Trustee, sufficient to pay liabilities of the Trust as they become due, the Trustee is authorized to cause the Trust to borrow the funds required to pay such liabilities. In such event, no further distributions will be made to Trust Unitholders (except in respect of previously determined Quarterly Cash Distribution) until the indebtedness created by such borrowings, including interest thereon, has been paid in full. Such funds may be borrowed from any Person, including, without limitation, the Bank, including its Affiliates, while serving as Trustee or any other Entity serving as a fiduciary hereunder, on an unsecured basis; provided that neither the Bank nor any other Entity shall be required to make any such loan. The Trustee is not authorized or permitted to mortgage, pledge, grant security interests in or otherwise encumber the Trust Estate, or any portion thereof, including the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment. Under no circumstances shall the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee be personally liable for any indebtedness of the Trust. If such funds are loaned to the Trust by the Trustee or any other such Entity while the Trustee or such other Entity is serving as a fiduciary hereunder, the terms of such indebtedness and security interest shall be similar to the terms which the Trustee or such other Entity would grant to a similarly situated commercial customer with whom it did not have, directly or indirectly, a fiduciary relationship, and the Trustee or such other Entity shall be entitled to enforce its rights with respect to any such indebtedness and security interest as if it were not, directly or indirectly, and had never been, directly or indirectly, the Trustee or a fiduciary hereunder. No provision of this Trust Agreement shall require the Delaware Trustee,

 

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the Trustee or any other Entity serving as a fiduciary hereunder, to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of any of its duties hereunder or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers under any circumstances whatsoever.

Section 3.08 Income and Principal . The Trustee shall not be required to keep separate accounts or records for income and principal. However, if the Trustee does keep such separate accounts or records, then the Trustee is authorized to treat all or any part of the receipts from the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment as income or principal, without having to maintain any reserve therefor, and in general to determine all questions as between income and principal and to credit or charge to income or principal or to apportion between them any receipt or gain and any charge, disbursement or loss as is deemed advisable under the circumstances of each case.

Section 3.09 Term of Contracts. In exercising the rights and powers granted hereunder, the Trustee is authorized to make the term of any transaction or contract or other instrument extend beyond the term of the Trust.

Section 3.10 Transactions with Entity Serving as the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee. To the extent such conduct is not prohibited by applicable law and except as otherwise provided herein, both the Trustee and the Delaware Trustee are each authorized in exercising its powers under this Agreement to make contracts and have dealings with itself or its Affiliates, directly and indirectly, in any other fiduciary or individual capacity.

Section 3.11 No Security Required. No Entity serving as a trustee hereunder shall be required to furnish any bond or security of any kind.

Section 3.12 Filing of Securities Act Registration Statement, Exchange Act Registration Statement and Other Reports, Listing of Trust Units, etc.; Certain Fees and Expenses.

(a) In connection with the initial public offering of Trust Units, the Trustee shall, on behalf of the Trust, use commercially reasonable efforts without the incurrence of unreasonable expense to cause:

(i) the Securities Act Registration Statement to be prepared, signed, filed with the Commission, and declared effective by the Commission;

(ii) the Exchange Act Registration Statement to be prepared, signed, filed with the Commission, and declared effective by the Commission; and

(iii) the Trust Units to be listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange LLC (the “ NYSE ”), the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (the “ NASDAQ ”) or another national securities exchange, as Trustor shall select.

(b) After the registration of the Trust Units pursuant to the Exchange Act and/or the listing of the Trust Units for trading on the NYSE, NASDAQ or another national securities exchange, the Trustee, on behalf of the Trust and acting upon the advice of counsel, shall cause the Trust to comply with all applicable rules, orders and regulations of the Commission, such exchange or the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. related to such registration or

 

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listing, as the case may be, and take all such other reasonable actions necessary for the Trust Units to remain so registered or listed until the Trust is terminated. In addition, the Trustee is authorized to make, and the Trustee shall take, all reasonable actions to prepare and, to the extent required by this Agreement or by law, mail to Trust Unitholders any reports, press releases or statements, financial or otherwise, that the Trustee determines are required to be provided to Trust Unitholders by applicable law or governmental regulation or the requirements of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the Trust Units are listed or admitted to trading. In addition, the Trustee, on behalf of the Trust and acting upon the advice of counsel, shall cause the Trust to comply with all of the provisions of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations of the Commission related thereto, including but not limited to, establishing, evaluating and maintaining a system of internal control over financial reporting in compliance with the requirements of Section 404 thereof and making all required certifications pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations adopted by the Commission related thereto.

(c) The Trustee shall execute, by and on behalf of the Trust, any documents incidental or related to the objectives specified in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 3.12 .

(d) The Trust is hereby authorized and empowered to take all steps, make all filings and applications and pay all fees necessary, customary or appropriate to the accomplishment of the objectives set forth in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 3.12 including, without limitation, the entering into the Administrative Services Agreement with Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation.

(e) Except as otherwise provided in Article VI , the fees, charges, expenses, disbursements and other costs incurred by the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee in connection with the discharge of its duties pursuant to this Agreement, including, without limitation, trustee fees, engineering, audit, accounting and legal fees, printing and mailing costs, amounts reimbursed or paid to Trustor pursuant to Section 3.06 or Section 7.02 , and the fees and expenses of legal counsel for the Trustee, the Delaware Trustee, and the Trust (including legal fees and expenses incurred by the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee in connection with the formation of the Trust and issuance of Trust Units), shall be paid out of the Trust Estate as an administrative expense of the Trust, provided that the Trustee’s and the Delaware Trustee’s acceptance fees paid by Trustor upon execution hereof shall be reimbursed to Trustor. All other organizational expenses of the Trust will be paid by Trustor, and Trustor shall not be entitled to reimbursement thereof.

(f) The Trustee is hereby authorized and empowered to take all steps, make all filings and applications and pay all fees necessary, customary or appropriate in order to perform the obligations of the Trust under the Registration Rights Agreement.

Section 3.13 Reserve Report. The Trustee shall cause a reserve report to be prepared by or for the Trust by the Independent Reserve Engineers as of December 31 of each year in accordance with criteria established by the Commission showing estimated proved oil, natural gas and natural gas liquids reserves attributable to the Net Profits Interest as of December 31 of such year and other reserve information required to comply with Section 5.03 . Trustor, to the extent it is the operator of the Underlying Properties, shall, and to the extent any of its Affiliates is the operator of the Underlying Properties, shall cause such Affiliate or Affiliates to, use

 

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commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate with the Trust and the Independent Reserve Engineers in connection with the preparation of any such reserve report, and, to the extent Trustor is not the operator of the Underlying Properties, shall use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain and provide to the Trustee and the Independent Reserve Engineers such information as may be reasonably necessary in connection with the preparation of the reserve report. The Trustee shall cause each reserve report prepared pursuant to this Section 3.13 to be completed and delivered to it within 75 days of the last day of the prior calendar year or such shorter period of time as may be required to enable the Trustee to comply with the provisions of Section 5.03 .

Section 3.14 No Liability for Recordation. Trustor shall be solely responsible, and the Trustee and the Delaware Trustee shall have no responsibility, for the filing of the Conveyance in the real property records of any jurisdiction in which the Underlying Properties are located. Neither the Trustee, the Delaware Trustee, the Bank nor any of their respective Agents shall be liable to the Trust Estate or any Trust Unitholder for any loss, claim or damage resulting from, or arising out of, the failure to file, or failure to properly file, the Conveyance in any real property records of any jurisdiction.

ARTICLE IV

TRUST UNITS AND UNCERTIFICATED BENEFICIAL INTEREST

Section 4.01 Creation and Distribution. Ownership of the entire Beneficial Interest shall be divided into                      Trust Units. The Trust Units shall be uncertificated and ownership thereof shall be evidenced by entry of a notation in an ownership ledger maintained for such purpose by the Trustee or a transfer agent designated by the Trustee. The holders of the Trust Units from time to time shall be the sole beneficiaries of principal and interest of the Trust.

Section 4.02 Rights of Trust Unitholders; Limitation on Personal Liability of Trust Unitholders. Each Trust Unit shall represent pro rata undivided ownership of the Beneficial Interest and shall entitle its holder to participate pro rata in the rights and benefits of holders of Trust Units under this Agreement. A Trust Unitholder (whether by assignment or otherwise) shall take and hold each Trust Unit subject to all the terms and provisions of this Agreement, which shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the successors, assigns, legatees, heirs and personal representatives of such Trust Unitholder. By an assignment or a transfer of one or more Trust Units, the assignor thereby shall, with respect to such assigned or transferred Trust Unit or Trust Units, part with, except as required by federal or state tax laws and as provided in Section 4.03 in the case of a transfer after a Quarterly Record Date and prior to the corresponding Quarterly Payment Date, (a) all of its Beneficial Interest attributable to such Trust Unit or Trust Units and (b) all interests, rights and benefits of a Trust Unitholder under the Trust and this Agreement that are attributable to such Trust Unit or Trust Units as against all other Trust Unitholders, the Trust and the Trustee, including, without limiting the generality of the foregoing, any and all rights to any Quarterly Cash Distribution, or any portion thereof, attributable to any Trust Units so assigned or transferred, for any Quarterly Period or Quarterly Periods subsequent to the Quarterly Period which relates to the last Quarterly Record Date on which the assignor owned such Trust Units. The Trust Units and the rights, benefits and interests evidenced thereby (including, without limiting the foregoing, the entire Beneficial Interest) are and, for all purposes, shall be construed (except for tax purposes), to be in all respects intangible

 

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personal property, and the Trust Units shall be bequeathed, assigned, disposed of and distributed as intangible personal property. No Trust Unitholder as such shall have any title, legal or equitable, in or to any real property interest or tangible personal property interest that may be considered a part of the Trust Estate, including, without limiting the foregoing, the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment or any part thereof, or in or to any asset of the Trust Estate to the extent that an interest in such asset would cause the interest of a Trust Unitholder to be treated as other than an intangible personal property interest, but the sole interest of each Trust Unitholder shall be his ownership in the Beneficial Interest. No Trust Unitholder shall have the right to call for or demand or secure any partition or distribution of the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment or any other asset of the Trust Estate or any accounting during the continuance of the Trust or during the period of liquidation and winding up under Section 9.03 . Pursuant to Section 3803(a) of the Trust Act, the Trust Unitholders shall be entitled, to the fullest extent permitted by law, to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations for profit organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

Section 4.03 Effect of Transfer. As to matters affecting the title, ownership, warranty or transfer of Trust Units, Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code, the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers, and other statutes and rules with respect to the transfer of securities, each as is adopted and then in force in the State of Delaware, shall govern and apply. The death of any Trust Unitholder shall not entitle the Transferee of such Trust Unitholder to an accounting or valuation for any purpose pursuant to the terms hereof.

Section 4.04 Determination of Ownership. In the event of any disagreement between Persons claiming to be Transferees of any Trust Unit, or in the event of any question on the part of the Trustee when presented with a request for transfer of a Trust Unit, which the Trustee believes is not fully resolved by opinions of counsel or other documents obtained in connection therewith, then, in addition to other rights which it may have under applicable law, the Trustee shall be entitled at its option to refuse to recognize any such claim so long as such disagreement or question shall continue. In so refusing, the Trustee, and any Entity serving in such capacity, may elect to make no disposition of the interest represented by the Trust Unit involved, or any part thereof, or of any sum or sums of money accrued or accruing thereunder, and, in so doing, the Trustee shall not be or become liable to any Person for the failure or refusal of the Trustee to comply with such conflicting claims or requests for transfer, and shall be entitled to continue so to refrain and refuse so to act, until:

(a) the rights of the adverse claimants or the questions of the Trustee have been adjudicated by a final nonappealable judgment of a court assuming and having jurisdiction of the parties and the interest and money involved, or

(b) all differences have been adjusted by valid agreement between said parties and the Trustee shall have been notified thereof in writing signed by all of the interested parties.

 

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ARTICLE V

ACCOUNTING AND DISTRIBUTIONS; REPORTS

Section 5.01 Fiscal Year and Accounting Method. The Trust shall adopt the calendar year as its fiscal year and shall maintain its books on an appropriate basis to comply with Sections 5.03 and 5.04 , except to the extent such books must be maintained on any other basis pursuant to applicable law.

Section 5.02 Quarterly Distributions. On (or, to the extent possible, prior to) the Quarterly Record Date, the Trustee shall, in the manner required by the rules of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the Trust Units are listed or admitted to trading, communicate to the Trust Unitholders its determination of the amount of the Quarterly Cash Distribution for the relevant Quarterly Period based on (a) information provided to the Trustee by Trustor pursuant to the terms of the Conveyance with respect to the cash proceeds to be received by the Trust in respect of the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment for the relevant Quarterly Period and (b) the amount of interest earned during the relevant Quarterly Period on such cash proceeds held by the Trust. On each Quarterly Payment Date, the Trustee shall distribute pro rata the Quarterly Cash Distribution with respect to the immediately preceding Quarterly Period to Trust Unitholders of record on the Quarterly Record Date for such Quarterly Period.

Section 5.03 Reports to Trust Unitholders and Others.

(a) Within 75 days following the end of each of the calendar quarters, except the fourth calendar quarter of each calendar year, or such shorter period of time as may be required by the rules and regulations of the Commission adopted with respect to the Exchange Act or by the rules of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the Trust Units are listed or admitted to trading, the Trustee shall mail to each Person who was a Trust Unitholder of record on the Quarterly Record Date for such Quarterly Period a report, which may be a copy of the Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q under the Exchange Act, which shall show in reasonable detail the assets and liabilities and receipts and disbursements of the Trust for such calendar quarter. The obligation to mail a report to each Trust Unitholder of record on a Quarterly Record Date shall be deemed to be satisfied if the Trustee files a copy of the Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q on the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system (EDGAR) maintained by the Commission or any successor system or otherwise makes such report publicly available on an Internet website that is generally accessible to the public.

(b) Within 120 days following the end of each fiscal year or such shorter period of time as may be required by the rules and regulations of the Commission adopted with respect to the Exchange Act or by the rules of any securities exchange or quotation system on which the Trust Units are listed or admitted to trading, the Trustee shall mail to each Person who was a Trust Unitholder of record on a date to be selected by the Trustee an annual report, containing financial statements audited by a nationally recognized independent registered public accounting firm selected by the Trustee, plus such annual reserve information regarding the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment as may be required under Section 3.13 or by any regulatory authority having jurisdiction. The obligation to mail an annual report to each Trust Unitholder of record shall be deemed to be satisfied if the Trustee files a copy of the Trust’s

 

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Annual Report on Form 10-K on the Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system (EDGAR) maintained by the Commission or any successor system or otherwise makes such report publicly available on an Internet website that is generally accessible to the public; provided that upon filing the Annual Report on Form 10-K on EDGAR, the Trust shall issue a press release specifying that such report has been filed and is available on the Trust’s website and that Trust Unitholders may request a copy of such report, free of charge, by contacting the Trustee.

(c) Notwithstanding any time limit imposed by paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section 5.03 , if, due to a delay in receipt by the Trustee of information necessary for preparation of a report or reports required by such paragraphs, the Trustee shall be unable to prepare and mail such report or reports within such time limit, the Trustee shall prepare and mail such report or reports as soon thereafter as practicable.

Section 5.04 Federal Income Tax Provisions . For federal or state income tax purposes, the Trustee shall file for the Trust such returns and statements as in its judgment are required to comply with applicable provisions of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations thereunder and any applicable state laws and regulations, in either case to permit each Trust Unitholder to report such Trust Unitholder’s share of the income and deductions of the Trust. The Trustee will treat all income and deductions of the Trust for each month as having been realized on the Quarterly Record Date for such quarter unless otherwise advised by its counsel. The Trustee will treat the Trust and report with respect to the Trust as a grantor trust until and unless it receives an opinion of tax counsel that such reporting is no longer proper. Within 75 days following the end of each fiscal year, the Trustee shall mail to each Person who was a Trust Unitholder of record on a Quarterly Record Date during such fiscal year, a report which shall show in reasonable detail such information as is necessary to permit all holders of record of Trust Units on a Quarterly Record Date during such fiscal year to make calculations necessary for tax purposes.

ARTICLE VI

LIABILITY OF DELAWARE TRUSTEE AND TRUSTEE

AND METHOD OF SUCCESSION

Section 6.01 Liability of Delaware Trustee, Trustee and Agents.

(a) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, each of the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee, in carrying out its powers and performing its duties, may act directly or in its discretion, at the expense of the Trust, through Agents (including attorneys) pursuant to agreements entered into with any of them, and each Entity serving as Delaware Trustee or Trustee shall be personally or individually liable only for (i) its own fraud or acts or omissions in bad faith or which constitute gross negligence and (ii) taxes, fees or other charges on, based on or measured by any fees, commissions or compensation received by it in connection with any of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, and shall not otherwise be individually or personally liable under any circumstances whatsoever, including but not limited to any act or omission of any Agent unless such Entity has acted with fraud or in bad faith or with gross negligence in the selection or retention of such Agent. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, each Agent of the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee (including Trustor and any

 

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of its Affiliates when acting as Agents), in carrying out its powers and performing its duties, may act directly or in its discretion, at the expense of the Trust, through agents or attorneys engaged by such Agent, and shall not otherwise be individually or personally liable for any act or omission unless such Agent has acted in bad faith or with gross negligence. Neither the Trustee nor the Delaware Trustee shall have any liability to any Persons other than the Trust Unitholders in accordance with Section 3803 of the Trust Act and, for the avoidance of any doubt, shall not have any liability hereunder to the Trust Unitholders absent its own fraud or acts or omissions in bad faith or which constitute gross negligence. No Entity serving as Trustee or Delaware Trustee shall be individually liable by reason of any act or omission of any other Entity serving as Trustee or Delaware Trustee.

(b) Each of the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee, and each Entity serving in any such fiduciary capacity or as an Agent of the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee (including Trustor and any of its Affiliates when acting as Agents), shall be protected in reasonably relying or acting upon any notice, certificate, assignment, opinion or advice of counsel or tax advisors, report of certified accountant, petroleum engineer, geologist, auditor or other expert, credential, or any other document or instrument. Each of the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee, and each Entity serving in any such fiduciary capacity or as an Agent of the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee (including Trustor and any of its Affiliates when acting as Agents), is specifically authorized to rely upon the application of Article 8 of the Uniform Commercial Code, the application of the Uniform Act for Simplification of Fiduciary Security Transfers and the application of other statutes and rules with respect to the transfer of securities, each as is adopted and then in force in the State of Delaware, as to all matters affecting title, ownership, warranty or transfer of the Trust Units, without any personal liability for such reliance, and the indemnity granted under Section 6.02 shall specifically extend to any matters arising as a result thereof. Further, and without limiting the foregoing, each of the Delaware Trustee, the Trustee and each Entity serving in either such capacity is specifically authorized and directed to rely upon the validity of the Conveyance and the title held by the Trust in the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment pursuant thereto and is further specifically authorized and directed to rely upon opinions of counsel in each of the states in which Underlying Properties are located, without any liability in any capacity for such reliance.

Section 6.02 Indemnification of Trustee or Delaware Trustee.

(a) Each Entity serving as the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee, as well as each of their respective Agents (including Trustor and any of its Affiliates when acting as Agents) and equityholders, shall be indemnified and held harmless by, and receive reimbursement from, the Trust Estate against and from any and all liabilities, obligations, actions, suits, costs, expenses, claims, damages, losses, penalties, taxes, fees and other charges (collectively, “ Expenses ,” excluding, however, any taxes and fees payable by the Trustee and the Delaware Trustee on, based on or measured by any fees, commissions or compensation received by the Trustee and the Delaware Trustee for their services hereunder) incurred by it individually in the administration of the Trust and the Trust Estate or any part or parts thereof, or in the doing of any act done or performed or omission occurring on account of its being Trustee or Delaware Trustee, except such Expenses as to which it is liable under Section 6.01 (it being understood that each Entity serving as the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee (and their respective Agents (including Trustor and any of its Affiliates when acting as Agents) and equityholders) shall be indemnified by, and

 

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receive reimbursement from, the Trust Estate against such Entity’s own negligence which does not constitute gross negligence). Each Entity serving as the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee shall have a lien upon the Trust Estate for payment of such indemnification and reimbursement (including, without limitation, repayment of any funds borrowed from any Entity serving as a fiduciary hereunder), as well as for compensation to be paid to such Entity, in each case entitling such Entity to priority as to payment thereof over payment to any other Person under this Agreement. Neither the Trustee, the Delaware Trustee nor any Entity serving in either of such capacities, nor any Agent thereof shall be entitled to any reimbursement or indemnification from any Trust Unitholder for any Expense incurred by the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee or any such Entity or Agent thereof, their right of reimbursement and indemnification, if any, except as provided in Section 6.02(b) , being limited solely to the Trust Estate, whether or not the Trust Estate is exhausted without full reimbursement or indemnification of the Trustee, the Delaware Trustee or any such Entity or Agent thereof. All legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee in connection with the investigation or defense of any Expenses as to which such Entity is entitled to indemnity under this Section 6.02(a) shall be paid out of the Trust Estate.

(b) If the Trust Estate is exhausted without the Trustee, the Delaware Trustee or any Agent or equityholder thereof being fully reimbursed as provided in Section 6.02(a) , Trustor shall fulfill the remaining indemnity obligation to the Trustee and the Delaware Trustee.

(c) If any action or proceeding shall be brought or asserted against the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee or any Agent or equityholder thereof (each referred to as an “ Indemnified Party ” and, collectively, the “ Indemnified Parties ”) in respect of which indemnity may be sought from Trustor (the “ Indemnifying Party ”) pursuant to Section 6.02(b) , of which the Indemnified Party shall have received notice, the Indemnified Party shall promptly notify the Indemnifying Party in writing, and the Indemnifying Party shall assume the defense thereof, including the employment of counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party and the payment of all expenses. The Indemnified Party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and to participate in the defense thereof, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of the Indemnified Party unless (i) the Indemnifying Party has agreed to pay such fees and expenses, (ii) the Indemnifying Party shall have failed to assume the defense of such action or proceeding and employ counsel reasonably satisfactory (including the qualifications of such counsel) to the Indemnified Party on any such action or proceeding or (iii) the named parties to any such action or proceeding include both the Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party, and the Indemnified Party shall have been advised by counsel that there may be one or more legal defenses available to such Indemnified Party that are different from or additional to those available to the Indemnifying Party (in which case, if the Indemnified Party notifies the Indemnifying Party in writing that it elects to employ separate counsel at the expense of the Indemnifying Party, the Indemnifying Party shall not have the right to assume the defense of such action or proceeding on behalf of the Indemnified Party and the Indemnified Party may employ such counsel for the defense of such action or proceeding as is reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnifying Party; it being understood, however, that the Indemnifying Party shall not, in connection with any one such action or proceeding or separate but substantially similar or related actions or proceedings in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys for the Indemnified Parties at any time). The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any

 

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settlement of any such action or proceeding effected without the written consent of the Indemnifying Party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), but, if settled with such written consent, or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff in any such action or proceeding, the Indemnifying Party agrees (to the extent stated above) to indemnify and hold harmless the Indemnified Party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment.

(d) Any claim for indemnification pursuant to this Section 6.02 shall survive the termination of this Agreement and the resignation or removal of any Indemnified Party.

(e) Except as expressly set forth in this Agreement, none of the Trustee, the Delaware Trustee or any other Indemnified Party shall have any duties or liabilities, other than the contractual obligations as expressly set forth in this Agreement, or any fiduciary duties, to the Trust or any Trust Unitholder, and the provisions of this Agreement, to the extent they restrict, eliminate or otherwise modify the duties and liabilities, including fiduciary duties, of any Indemnified Party otherwise existing at law or in equity, are agreed by the Trust Unitholders to replace such other duties and liabilities of such Indemnified Party. To the extent that, at law or in equity, an Indemnified Party has duties, including fiduciary duties, and liabilities relating thereto to the Trust or any Trust Unitholder, any Indemnified Party acting in connection with the Trust’s business or affairs shall not be liable to the Trust or to any Trust Unitholder for its good faith reliance on the provisions of this Agreement.

Section 6.03 Resignation of Delaware Trustee and Trustee . Any Entity serving as the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee may resign, as such, with or without cause, at any time by written notice to Trustor, to any other Entity serving as the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee. Upon receiving the notice of resignation from the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee, as applicable, the resigning Delaware Trustee or Trustee, as the case may be, shall provide notice to each of the then Trust Unitholders of record in accordance with Section 12.08 . Such notice shall specify a date when such resignation shall take effect, which shall be a Business Day not less than 60 days after the date such notice is mailed; provided, however, that in no event shall any resignation of the Trustee be effective until a successor Trustee has accepted its appointment as Trustee (including a temporary trustee appointed pursuant to Section 6.05 ) pursuant to the terms hereof; and provided further that in no event shall any resignation of the Delaware Trustee be effective until a successor Delaware Trustee has accepted its appointment as Delaware Trustee pursuant to the terms hereof.

Section 6.04 Removal of Delaware Trustee and Trustee . Each Entity serving as the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee may be removed as trustee hereunder, with or without cause, by the vote of not less than a majority of the then outstanding Trust Units at a meeting held in accordance with the requirements of Article VIII , provided that any removal of the Delaware Trustee shall be effective only at such time as a successor Delaware Trustee, fulfilling the requirements of Section 3807(a) of the Trust Act, has been appointed and has accepted such appointment, and provided further that any removal of the Trustee shall be effective only at such time as a successor Trustee has been appointed and has accepted such appointment. The Trust Unitholders present or represented at any such meeting where a trustee is removed may elect, in accordance with the requirements of Article VIII , a successor trustee at such meeting, who may accept such appointment effective as of the close of such meeting.

 

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Section 6.05 Appointment of Successor Delaware Trustee or Trustee . In the event of the resignation or removal of the Entity serving as the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee or if any such Entity has given notice of its intention to resign as the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee, (i) with respect to the Delaware Trustee, the Trustee may appoint a successor Delaware Trustee, or (ii) with respect to either the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee, the Trust Unitholders represented at a meeting held in accordance with the requirements of Article VIII may appoint a successor trustee. Nominees for appointment may be made by (i) Trustor, (ii) the resigned, resigning or removed trustee or (iii) any Trust Unitholder or Trust Unitholders owning of record at least 10% of the then outstanding Trust Units. Any successor to the Trustee shall be a bank or trust company having combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of at least $100,000,000. Any successor to the Delaware Trustee shall be a bank or trust company having its principal place of business in the State of Delaware and having combined capital, surplus and undivided profits of at least $20,000,000. Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, in the event that a new trustee has not been approved within 60 days after a notice of resignation, a vote of Trust Unitholders removing a Trustee or other occurrence of a vacancy, a successor trustee may be appointed by any State or Federal District Court having jurisdiction in New Castle County, Delaware, upon the application of any Trust Unitholder, Trustor or the Entity tendering its resignation or being removed as trustee filed with such court, and in the event any such application is filed, such court may appoint a temporary trustee at any time after such application is filed, which shall, pending the final appointment of a trustee, have such powers and duties as the court appointing such temporary trustee shall provide in its order of appointment, consistent with the provisions of this Agreement. Any such temporary trustee need not meet the minimum standards of capital, surplus and undivided profits otherwise required of a successor trustee under this Section 6.05 . Nothing herein shall prevent the same Entity from serving as both the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee if it meets the qualifications thereof.

Immediately upon the appointment of any successor trustee, all rights, titles, duties, powers and authority of the succeeded trustee hereunder (except to the succeeded trustee’s rights to amounts payable under Article VII or Section 6.02 accruing through the appointment of such successor trustee) shall be vested in and undertaken by the successor trustee, which shall be entitled to receive from the predecessor trustee all of the Trust Estate held by it hereunder and all records and files of the predecessor trustee in connection therewith. Any resigning or removed trustee shall account to its successor for its administration of the Trust. All successor trustees shall be fully protected in relying upon such accounting and no successor trustee shall be obligated to examine or seek alteration of any account of any preceding trustee, nor shall any successor trustee be personally liable for failing to do so or for any act or omission of any preceding trustee. The preceding sentence shall not prevent any successor trustee or anyone else from taking any action otherwise permissible in connection with any such account.

Section 6.06 Laws of Other Jurisdictions . If notwithstanding the other provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, Section 12.07 ) the laws of jurisdictions other than the State of Delaware (each being referred to below as “such jurisdiction”) apply to the administration of the Trust or the Trust Estate under this Agreement, the following provisions shall apply. If it is necessary or advisable for a trustee to serve in such jurisdiction and if the Trustee is disqualified from serving in such jurisdiction or for any other reason fails or ceases to serve there, the ancillary trustee in such jurisdiction shall be such Entity, which need not meet the requirements set forth in the third sentence of Section 6.05 , as shall be designated in writing

 

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by Trustor and the Trustee. To the extent permitted under the laws of such jurisdiction, Trustor and the Trustee may remove the trustee in such jurisdiction, without cause and without necessity of court proceeding, and may or may not appoint a successor trustee in such jurisdiction from time to time. The trustee serving in such jurisdiction shall, to the extent not prohibited under the laws of such jurisdiction, appoint the Trustee to handle the details of administration in such jurisdiction. The trustee in such jurisdiction shall have all rights, powers, discretions, responsibilities and duties as are delegated in writing by the Trustee, subject to such limitations and directions as shall be specified by the Trustee in the instrument evidencing such appointment. Any trustee in such jurisdiction shall be responsible to the Trustee for all assets with respect to which such trustee is empowered to act. To the extent the provisions of this Agreement and Delaware law cannot be made applicable to the administration in such jurisdiction, the rights, powers, duties and liabilities of the trustee in such jurisdiction shall be the same (or as near the same as permitted under the laws of such jurisdiction if applicable) as if governed by Delaware law. In all events, the administration in such jurisdiction shall be as free and independent of court control and supervision as permitted under the laws of such jurisdiction. The fees and expenses of any ancillary trustee shall constitute an administrative expense of the Trust payable from the Trust Estate. Whenever the term “Trustee” is applied in this Agreement to the administration in such jurisdiction, it shall refer only to the trustee then serving in such jurisdiction.

Section 6.07 Reliance on Experts . The Trustee and the Delaware Trustee may, but shall not be required to, consult with counsel (which may but need not be counsel to Trustor), accountants, tax advisors, geologists, engineers and other parties deemed by the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee to be qualified as experts on the matters submitted to them, and, subject to Section 6.01 but notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement the opinion or advice of any such party on any matter submitted to it by the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken, omitted or suffered by the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee hereunder in reasonable reliance upon and in accordance with the opinion or advice of any such party. Each of the Trustee and the Delaware Trustee is authorized to make payments of all reasonable fees for services and expenses thus incurred out of the Trust Estate. Neither the Delaware Trustee nor the Trustee shall incur any liability to anyone in acting upon any signature, instrument, notice, resolution, request, consent, order, certificate, report, opinion, bond or other document or paper reasonably believed by it to be genuine and reasonably believed by it to be signed by the proper party or parties. The Delaware Trustee and the Trustee may accept a certified copy of a resolution of the board of directors or other governing body of any corporate party as conclusive evidence that such resolution has been duly adopted by such body and that the same is in full force and effect. As to any fact or matter the manner or ascertainment of which is not specifically prescribed herein, the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee may for all purposes hereof rely on a certificate, signed by the president or any vice president or by the treasurer or any assistant treasurer and by the secretary or any assistant secretary of the relevant party, as to such fact or matter, and such certificate shall constitute full protection and authorization to the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in reasonable reliance thereon.

Section 6.08 Force Majeure . The Trustee and the Delaware Trustee shall not incur any liability to any Trust Unitholder if, by reason of any current or future law or regulation thereunder of the federal government or any other governmental authority, or by reason of any

 

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act of God, war or other circumstance beyond its control, the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee is prevented or forbidden from doing or performing any act or thing required by the terms hereof to be done or performed; nor shall the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee incur any liability to any Trust Unitholder by reason of any nonperformance or delay caused as aforesaid in the performance of any act or thing required by the terms hereof to be done or performed, or by reason of any exercise of, or failure to exercise, any discretion provided for herein caused as aforesaid.

Section 6.09 Failure of Action by Trustor . In the event that Trustor shall fail or is unable to take any action as required under any provision of this Agreement or the Conveyance, the Trustee is empowered to take such action.

Section 6.10 Action Upon Instructions . Whenever the Delaware Trustee is unable to decide between alternative courses of action permitted or required by the terms of this Agreement, or is unsure as to the application, intent, interpretation or meaning of any provision of this Agreement, the Delaware Trustee shall promptly give notice (in such form as shall be appropriate under the circumstances) to the Trustee requesting instruction as to the course of action to be adopted, and, to the extent the Delaware Trustee acts in good faith in accordance with any such instruction received, the Delaware Trustee shall not be liable on account of such action to any Person. If the Delaware Trustee shall not have received appropriate instructions within ten calendar days of sending such notice to the Trustee (or within such shorter period of time as reasonably may be specified in such notice or may be necessary under the circumstances) it may, but shall be under no duty to, take or refrain from taking such action which is consistent, in its view, with this Agreement, and the Delaware Trustee shall have no liability to any Person for any such action or inaction.

Section 6.11 Management of Trust Estate . The Delaware Trustee shall have no duty or obligation to manage, control, prepare, file or maintain any report, license or registration, use, sell, dispose of or otherwise deal with the Trust Estate, or otherwise to take or refrain from taking any action under or in connection with this Agreement, or any other document or instrument, except as expressly required hereby.

Section 6.12 Validity . The Delaware Trustee shall not be responsible for or in respect of and makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of any provision of this Agreement or for the due execution hereof by the other parties hereto or for the form, character, genuineness, sufficiency, value or validity of any of the Trust Estate, and the Delaware Trustee shall in no event assume or incur any liability, duty or obligation to Trustor, the Trustee or any Trust Unitholder, other than as expressly provided for herein. The Delaware Trustee shall at no time have any responsibility or liability for or with respect to the legality, validity and enforceability of any of the Trust Units.

Section 6.13 Rights and Powers; Litigation . The Delaware Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Agreement, or to institute, conduct or defend any litigation or arbitration under this Agreement or otherwise or in relation to this Agreement, at the request, order or direction of the Trustee, any Trust Unitholder or Trustor unless the Trustee, Trust Unitholder or Trustor, as the case may be, has or have offered to the Delaware Trustee security or indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it against the costs, expenses

 

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and liabilities that may be incurred by the Delaware Trustee therein or thereby. The Delaware Trustee shall be under no obligation to appear in, prosecute or defend any action, or to take any other action other than the giving of notices, which in its opinion may require it to incur any out-of-pocket expense or any liability unless it shall be furnished with such security and indemnity against such expense or liability as it may reasonably require. The right of the Delaware Trustee to perform any discretionary act enumerated in this Agreement shall not be construed as a duty, and the Delaware Trustee shall not be personally liable or accountable for the performance of any such act except as specifically provided in Section 6.01 .

Section 6.14 No Duty to Act Under Certain Circumstances . Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Delaware Trustee will not be required to take any action in any jurisdiction other than in the State of Delaware if the taking of such action would (a) require the consent of approval or authorization or order of or the giving of notice to, or the registration with or taking of any action in respect of, any state or other governmental authority or agency of any jurisdiction other than in the State of Delaware, (b) result in any fee, tax or governmental charge under the laws of any jurisdiction or any political subdivisions thereof other than the State of Delaware becoming payable by the Delaware Trustee or (c) subject the Delaware Trustee to personal jurisdiction in any jurisdiction other than the State of Delaware for causes of action arising from acts unrelated to the consummation of the transactions by the Delaware Trustee contemplated hereby.

ARTICLE VII

COMPENSATION OF THE TRUSTEE AND THE DELAWARE TRUSTEE

Section 7.01 Compensation of Trustee and Delaware Trustee . The Entity serving as the Trustee hereunder shall receive an annual fee of $175,000 as compensation for its services as the Trustee hereunder; provided, however such annual fee shall increase 2.5% annually starting on January 1, 2017. The Entity serving as the Delaware Trustee hereunder shall receive an annual fee of $3,500 as compensation for its services as the Delaware Trustee hereunder. Entities serving as the Trustee or the Delaware Trustee hereunder shall be reimbursed for all actual expenditures made in connection with administration of the Trust, including those made on account of any unusual duties in connection with matters pertaining to the Trust and the reasonable compensation and expenses of their counsel, accountants or other skilled persons and of all other persons not regularly in their employ. Any unusual or extraordinary services rendered by the Entity serving as Trustee or by the Entity serving as Delaware Trustee in connection with the administration of the Trust shall be treated as trustee administrative services for purpose of computing the respective administrative fee to be paid to each Entity serving as trustee hereunder.

Section 7.02 Reimbursement of Trustor . Trustor shall be entitled to reimbursement from the Trust for all out-of-pocket costs and expenses paid by Trustor, acting in its capacity as Agent of the Trust (including without limitation legal, accounting, engineering and printing costs), but excluding those costs and expenses specified in Section 6.02(b) as costs and expenses to be paid by Trustor and excluding any costs and expenses which have been or will be reimbursed pursuant to the Administrative Services Agreement, promptly upon submission of written evidence thereof to the Trustee.

 

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Section 7.03 Source of Funds . Except as provided in Section 6.02(b) , all compensation, reimbursements, and other charges owing to any Entity as a result of its services as a trustee hereunder shall constitute indebtedness hereunder, shall be payable by the Trust out of the Trust Estate and such Entity shall have a lien on the Trust Estate for payment of such compensation, reimbursements and other charges, entitling such Entity to priority as to payment thereof over payment to any other Person under this Agreement.

Section 7.04 Ownership of Units by Trustor, the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee . Each of the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee, in its individual or other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Trust Units with the same rights it would have if it were not a trustee hereunder. Trustor and each of its Affiliates may become the owner of Trust Units with the same rights and entitled to the same benefits as any other Trust Unitholder.

ARTICLE VIII

MEETINGS OF TRUST UNITHOLDERS

Section 8.01 Purpose of Meetings . A meeting of the Trust Unitholders may be called at any time and from time to time pursuant to the provisions of this Article VIII to transact any matter that the Trust Unitholders may be authorized to transact.

Section 8.02 Call and Notice of Meetings . Any such meeting of the Trust Unitholders may be called by the Trustee or by Trust Unitholders owning of record not less than 10% in number of the then outstanding Trust Units. The Trustee may, but shall not be obligated to, call meetings of Trust Unitholders to consider amendments, waivers, consents and other changes relating to the Transaction Documents to which the Trust is a party. In addition, at the written request of the Delaware Trustee, unless the Trustee appoints a successor Delaware Trustee in accordance with Section 6.05 , the Trustee shall call such a meeting but only for the purpose of appointing a successor to the Delaware Trustee upon its resignation. All such meetings shall be held at such time and at such place as the notice of any such meeting may designate. Except as may otherwise be required by any applicable law or by any securities exchange on which the Trust Units may be listed or admitted to trading, the Trustee shall provide written notice of every meeting of the Trust Unitholders signed by the Trustee or the Trust Unitholders calling the meeting, setting forth the time and place of the meeting and in general terms the matters proposed to be acted upon at such meeting, which notice shall be given in person or by mail not more than 60 nor less than 20 days before such meeting is to be held to all of the Trust Unitholders of record at the close of business on a record date selected by the Trustee (the “ Record Date Trust Unitholders ”), which shall be not more than 60 days before the date of such mailing. If such notice is given to any Trust Unitholder by mail, it shall be directed to such Trust Unitholder at its last address as shown by the ownership ledger of the Trustee and shall be deemed duly given when so addressed and deposited in the United States mail, postage paid. No matter other than that stated in the notice shall be acted upon at any meeting unless such action is approved by the Trust Unitholders. Only Record Date Trust Unitholders shall be entitled to notice of and to exercise rights at or in connection with the meeting. All costs associated with calling any meeting of the Trust Unitholders shall be borne by the Trust other than a meeting of the Trust Unitholders called by Trust Unitholders owning of record not less than 10% in number of the then outstanding Trust Units, which costs shall be borne by the Trust Unitholders that called such meeting of Trust Unitholders.

 

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Section 8.03 Method of Voting and Vote Required . Each Record Date Trust Unitholder shall be entitled to one vote for each Trust Unit owned by such Record Date Trust Unitholder, and any Record Date Trust Unitholder may vote in person or by duly executed written proxy. At any such meeting, the presence in person or by proxy of Record Date Trust Unitholders holding a majority of the Trust Units held by all Record Date Trust Unitholders shall constitute a quorum, and, except as otherwise provided herein, any matter shall be deemed to have been approved by the Trust Unitholders (including, but not limited to, appointment of a successor trustee and approval of amendments, waivers, consents and other changes relating to the Conveyance) if it is approved by the vote of Record Date Trust Unitholders holding more than 50% of the Trust Units represented at the meeting.

Section 8.04 Conduct of Meetings . The Trustee may make such reasonable regulations consistent with the provisions hereof as it may deem advisable for any meeting of the Trust Unitholders, for the appointment of proxies, and in regard to the appointment and duties of inspectors of votes, the submission and examination of proxies, certificates and other evidence of the right to vote, the preparation and use at the meeting of a list authenticated by or on behalf of the Trustee of the Trust Unitholders entitled to vote at the meeting and such other matters concerning the conduct of the meeting as it shall deem advisable.

ARTICLE IX

DURATION, REVOCATION AND TERMINATION OF TRUST

Section 9.01 Revocation . The Trust is and shall be irrevocable and Trustor, as trustor, after the Closing, retains no power to alter, amend (except as provided otherwise in this Article IX and in Section 10.02 ), revoke or terminate the Trust. The Trust shall be terminable only as provided in Section 9.02 , and shall continue until so terminated.

Section 9.02 Termination . The Trust shall dissolve and commence winding-up its business and affairs upon the first to occur of the following events or times:

(a) the disposition of all of the Net Profits Interest and any assets (other than cash), tangible or intangible, including accounts receivable and claims or rights to payment, constituting the Trust Estate;

(b) the action by Trust Unitholders of record holding a majority of the then outstanding Trust Units in accordance with Article VIII to terminate the Trust;

(c) annual cash proceeds received by the Trust attributable to the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment are less than $2 million for each of two consecutive years;

(d) the entry of a decree of judicial dissolution of the Trust pursuant to the provisions of the Trust Act; and

(e) the Liquidation Date.

Section 9.03 Disposition and Distribution of Assets and Properties . Notwithstanding the dissolution of the Trust pursuant to Section 9.02 , the Trustee and the Delaware Trustee shall

 

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continue to act as trustees of the Trust Estate and as such shall exercise the powers granted under this Agreement until their duties have been fully performed and the Trust Estate finally distributed so that the affairs of the Trust may be liquidated and wound up. Upon the dissolution of the Trust, the Trustee shall sell for cash in one or more sales all the properties other than cash then constituting the Trust Estate. The net proceeds from any sale of the Net Profits Interest made as provided in Section 3.02 or the properties other than cash then constituting the Trust Estate shall be Sales Proceeds Amounts, which are treated as cash receipts of the Trust during the Quarterly Period in which the net proceeds are received; provided that the Trustee shall first pay, satisfy and discharge all liabilities of the Trust, or if necessary, set up cash reserves in such amounts as the Trustee in its discretion deems appropriate for contingent liabilities in accordance with Section 3808 of the Trust Act. The Trustee shall not be required to obtain approval of the Trust Unitholders prior to performing any of its duties pursuant to this Section 9.03 . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in no event may the Trustee distribute the Net Profits Interest and Pre-Effective Time Payment to the Trust Unitholders. Upon making final distribution to the Trust Unitholders, the Trustee shall direct the Delaware Trustee to file, and Delaware Trustee shall file or cause to be filed, a certificate of cancellation of the Trust’s Certificate of Trust in accordance with Section 2.01 and Section 3811 of the Trust Act. Upon the filing of such certificate of cancellation, neither the Trustee nor the Entity serving in such capacity shall have any further duty or obligation hereunder, and neither the Trustee nor the Entity serving in such capacity shall be under further liability except as provided in Section 6.01 .

Section 9.04 Reorganization or Business Combination .

(a) Subject to Section 12.04 , the Trust may merge or consolidate with or into one or more limited partnerships, general partnerships, corporations, statutory trusts, common law trusts, limited liability companies, or associations, or unincorporated businesses in accordance with Section 3815 of the Trust Act if such transaction (i) is agreed to by the Trustee and by the affirmative vote of Trust Unitholders owning more than 50% of the then outstanding Trust Units at a meeting duly called and held in accordance with Article VIII , and (ii) is permitted under the Trust Act and any other applicable law. The Trustee shall give prompt notice of such reorganization or business combination to the Delaware Trustee. Pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Section 3815(f) of the Trust Act, and notwithstanding anything else herein, an agreement of merger or consolidation approved in accordance with this Section 9.04 and Section 3815(a) of the Trust Act may effect any amendment to this Agreement or effect the adoption of a new trust agreement if it is the surviving or resulting trust in the merger or consolidation.

(b) Upon the effective date of a certificate of merger duly filed in accordance with the Trust Act, the following shall be deemed to occur, in addition to such effects as may be specified under the Trust Act as then in effect:

(i) all of the rights, privileges and powers of each of the business entities that have merged or consolidated, and all property, real, personal and mixed, and all debts due to any of those business entities and all other things and causes of action belonging to each of those business entities shall be vested in the surviving business entity and, after the merger or consolidation, shall be the property of the surviving business entity to the extent they were part of each constituent business entity;

 

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(ii) the title to any real property vested by deed or otherwise in any of those constituent business entities shall not revert and shall not be in any way impaired because of the merger or consolidation;

(iii) all rights of creditors and all liens on or security interest in property of any of those constituent business entities shall be preserved unimpaired;

(iv) all debts, liabilities and duties of those constituent business entities shall attach to the surviving or resulting business entity, and may be enforced against it to the same extent as if the debts, liabilities and duties had been incurred or contacted by it; and

(v) if the Trust is the surviving or resulting entity, the governing instrument of the Trust shall be amended or a new governing instrument adopted as set forth in the certificate of merger.

(c) A merger or consolidation effected pursuant to this Section 9.04 shall not be deemed to result in a transfer or assignment of assets or liabilities from one entity to another having occurred.

ARTICLE X

AMENDMENTS

Section 10.01 Prohibited Amendments . After the Closing, no amendment may be made to any provision of this Agreement that would:

(a) increase the power of the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee to engage in business or investment activities;

(b) alter the right of the Trust Unitholders vis-a-vis each other; or

(c) unless consented to in writing by Trustor, have the effect of amending Sections 3.02 , 6.02 , 7.02 , 9.02 , 9.03 , 10.01 or 10.02 .

Section 10.02 Permitted Amendments . The Delaware Trustee and the Trustee may, jointly, from time to time supplement or amend the Transaction Documents to which the Trust is a party without the approval of Trust Unitholders in order to cure any ambiguity, to correct or supplement any provision contained herein or therein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provisions herein or therein, to grant any benefit to all of the Trust Unitholders, or to change the name of the Trust, provided that such supplement or amendment does not adversely affect the interests of the Trust Unitholders in any material respect, and provided further that any amendment to this Agreement made to change the name of the Trust in accordance with Section 12.05 or otherwise shall be conclusively deemed not to affect adversely the interests of the Trust Unitholders or result in a variance of the investment of the Trust or the Trust Unitholders. Additionally, the Trustee may, from time to time supplement or amend the Transaction Documents without the approval of Trust Unitholders provided that such supplement or amendment would not increase the costs or expenses of the Trust in any material respect or adversely affect the economic interests of the Trust Unitholders in any material respect. The

 

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Trustee and the Delaware Trustee, subject to the provisions of Sections 6.01 and 6.07 are entitled to, and may rely upon, a written opinion of counsel or a certificate of Trustor as conclusive evidence that any amendment or supplement pursuant to the immediately preceding sentences complies with the provisions of this Section 10.02 . All other permitted amendments to the provisions of the Transaction Documents may be made only by a vote of the Trust Unitholders of record holding a majority of the then outstanding Trust Units at a meeting held in accordance with the requirements of Article VIII . No amendment that increases the obligations, duties or liabilities or affects the rights of the Delaware Trustee, the Trustee or any Entity serving in any such capacity shall be effective without the express written approval of such trustee or Entity.

ARTICLE XI

ARBITRATION

THE TRUST UNITHOLDERS, TRUSTEE AND TRUSTOR AGREE THAT, EXCEPT AS PROVIDED IN PARAGRAPH (I) OF THIS ARTICLE XI , ANY DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM THAT MAY ARISE BETWEEN OR AMONG TRUSTOR (ON THE ONE HAND) AND THE TRUST OR THE TRUSTEE (ON THE OTHER HAND) IN CONNECTION WITH OR OTHERWISE RELATING TO THE TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS TO WHICH THE TRUST IS A PARTY OR THE APPLICATION, IMPLEMENTATION, VALIDITY OR BREACH OF THE TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS TO WHICH THE TRUST IS A PARTY OR ANY PROVISION OF THE TRANSACTION DOCUMENTS TO WHICH THE TRUST IS A PARTY (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, CLAIMS BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR STATUTE), SHALL BE FINALLY, CONCLUSIVELY AND EXCLUSIVELY SETTLED BY BINDING ARBITRATION IN DENVER, COLORADO IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE COMMERCIAL ARBITRATION RULES (THE “ RULES ”) OF THE AMERICAN ARBITRATION ASSOCIATION OR ANY SUCCESSOR THERETO (“ AAA ”) THEN IN EFFECT. THE TRUST UNITHOLDERS, TRUSTEE AND TRUSTOR (AND ON BEHALF OF THE TRUST) HEREBY EXPRESSLY WAIVE THEIR RIGHT TO SEEK REMEDIES IN COURT, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, THE RIGHT TO TRIAL BY JURY, WITH RESPECT TO ANY MATTER SUBJECT TO ARBITRATION PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE XI . THE TRUST UNITHOLDERS, TRUSTEE OR TRUSTOR MAY BRING AN ACTION, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, A SUMMARY OR EXPEDITED PROCEEDING, IN ANY COURT HAVING JURISDICTION, TO COMPEL ARBITRATION OF ANY DISPUTE, CONTROVERSY OR CLAIM TO WHICH THIS ARTICLE XI APPLIES. EXCEPT WITH RESPECT TO THE FOLLOWING PROVISIONS (THE “ SPECIAL PROVISIONS ”) WHICH SHALL APPLY WITH RESPECT TO ANY ARBITRATION PURSUANT TO THIS ARTICLE XI , THE INITIATION AND CONDUCT OF ARBITRATION SHALL BE AS SET FORTH IN THE RULES, WHICH RULES ARE INCORPORATED IN THIS AGREEMENT BY REFERENCE WITH THE SAME EFFECT AS IF THEY WERE SET FORTH IN THIS AGREEMENT.

(a) In the event of any inconsistency between the Rules and the Special Provisions, the Special Provisions shall control. References in the Rules to a sole arbitrator shall be deemed to refer to the tribunal of arbitrators provided for under subparagraph (c) below in this Article XI .

(b) The arbitration shall be administered by AAA.

 

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(c) The arbitration shall be conducted by a tribunal of three arbitrators. Within ten days after arbitration is initiated pursuant to the Rules, the initiating party or parties (the “ Claimant ”) shall send written notice to the other party or parties (the “ Respondent ”), with a copy to the Fresno, California office of AAA, designating the first arbitrator (who shall not be a representative or agent of any party but may or may not be an AAA panel member and, in any case, shall be reasonably believed by the Claimant to possess the requisite experience, education and expertise in respect of the matters to which the claim relates to enable such person to completely perform arbitral duties). Within ten days after receipt of such notice, the Respondent shall send written notice to the Claimant, with a copy to the Fresno, California office of AAA and to the first arbitrator, designating the second arbitrator (who shall not be a representative or agent of any party, but may or may not be an AAA panel member and, in any case, shall be reasonably believed by the Respondent to possess the requisite experience, education and expertise in respect of the matters to which the claim relates to enable such person to competently perform arbitral duties). Within ten days after such notice from the Respondent is received by the Claimant, the Respondent and the Claimant shall cause their respective designated arbitrators to select any mutually agreeable AAA panel member as the third arbitrator. If the respective designated arbitrators of the Respondent and the Claimant cannot so agree within said ten day period, then the third arbitrator will be determined pursuant to the Rules. For purposes of this Article XI , Trustor (on the one hand) and the Trust and the Trustee (on the other hand) shall each be entitled to the selection of one arbitrator. Prior to commencement of the arbitration proceeding, each arbitrator shall have provided the parties with a resume outlining such arbitrator’s background and qualifications and shall certify that such arbitrator is not a representative or agent of any of the parties. If any arbitrator shall die, fail to act, resign, become disqualified or otherwise cease to act, then the arbitration proceeding shall be delayed for 15 days and the party by or on behalf of whom such arbitrator was appointed shall be entitled to appoint a substitute arbitrator (meeting the qualifications set forth in this Article XI ) within such 15-day period; provided, however, that if the party by or on behalf of whom such arbitrator was appointed shall fail to appoint a substitute arbitrator within such fifteen day period, the substitute arbitrator shall be a neutral arbitrator appointed by the AAA arbitrator within 15 days thereafter.

(d) All arbitration hearings shall be commenced within 120 days after arbitration is initiated pursuant to the Rules, unless, upon a showing of good cause by a party to the arbitration, the tribunal of arbitrators permits the extension of the commencement of such hearing; provided, however, that any such extension shall not be longer than 60 days.

(e) All claims presented for arbitration shall be particularly identified and the parties to the arbitration shall each prepare a statement of their position with recommended courses of action. These statements of position and recommended courses of action shall be submitted to the tribunal of arbitrators chosen as provided hereinabove for binding decision. The tribunal of arbitrators shall not be empowered to make decisions beyond the scope of the position papers.

(f) The arbitration proceeding will be governed by the substantive laws of the State of Delaware and will be conducted in accordance with such procedures as shall be fixed for such purpose by the tribunal of arbitrators, except that (i) discovery in connection with any arbitration proceeding shall be conducted in accordance with the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and applicable case law, (ii) the tribunal of arbitrators shall have the power to compel discovery and

 

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(iii) unless the parties otherwise agree and except as may be provided in this Article XI , the arbitration shall be governed by the United States Arbitration Act, 9 U.S.C. §§ 1-16, to the exclusion of any provision of state law or other applicable law or procedure inconsistent therewith or which would produce a different result. The parties shall preserve their right to assert and to avail themselves of the attorney-client and attorney-work-product privileges, and any other privileges to which they may be entitled pursuant to applicable law. No party to the arbitration or any arbitrator may compel or require mediation and/or settlement conferences without the prior written consent of all such parties and the tribunal of arbitrators.

(g) The tribunal of arbitrators shall make an arbitration award as soon as possible after the later of the close of evidence or the submission of final briefs, and in all cases the award shall be made not later than thirty days following submission of the matter. The finding and decision of a majority of the arbitrators shall be final and shall be binding upon the parties. Judgment upon the arbitration award or decision may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof or application may be made to any such court for a judicial acceptance of the award and an order of enforcement, as the case may be. The tribunal of arbitrators shall have the authority to assess liability for pre-award and post-award interest on the claims, attorneys’ fees, expert witness fees and all other expenses of arbitration as such arbitrators shall deem appropriate based on the outcome of the claims arbitrated. Unless otherwise agreed by the parties to the arbitration in writing, the arbitration award shall include findings of fact and conclusions of law.

(h) Nothing in this Article XI shall be deemed to (i) limit the applicability of any otherwise applicable statute of limitations or repose or any waivers contained in this Agreement, (ii) constitute a waiver by any party hereto of the protections afforded by 12 U.S.C. § 91 or any successor statute thereto or any substantially equivalent state law, (iii) restrict the right of the Trustee to make application to any state or federal district court having jurisdiction in Denver, Colorado, to appoint a successor Trustee or to request instructions with regard to any provision in this Agreement when the Trustee is unsure of its obligations thereunder, or (iv) apply to the Delaware Trustee.

(i) This Article XI shall preclude participation by the Trust in any class action brought against Trustor by any Person who is not a Trust Unitholder and the Trustee shall opt out of any such class action in which the Trust is a purported class member, but shall not preclude participation by the Trust in any such action brought by a Trust Unitholders or in which Trust Unitholders holding more than 50% of the Trust Units represented at a duly called and held meeting of the Trust Unitholders in accordance with Section 8.02 request the Trustee to participate.

ARTICLE XII

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 12.01 Inspection of Books . Each Trust Unitholder and its duly authorized agents and attorneys shall have the right, at its own expense and during reasonable business hours upon reasonable prior notice, to examine and inspect the records (including, without limitation, the ownership ledger) of the Trust and the Trustee in reference thereto for any purpose reasonably related to the Trust Unitholder’s interest as a Trust Unitholder. The Trustee and its duly authorized Agents (including attorneys) shall have the right, at the expense of the Trust and

 

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during reasonable business hours upon reasonable prior written notice, to examine and inspect the records of Trustor relating to the Net Profits Interest, the Pre-Effective Time Payment and the Underlying Properties.

Section 12.02 Disability of a Trust Unitholder . Any payment or distribution to a Trust Unitholder may be made by check of the Trustee drawn to the order of the Trust Unitholder, regardless of whether or not the Trust Unitholder is a minor or under other legal disability, without the Trustee having further responsibility with respect to such payment or distribution. This Section 12.02 shall not be deemed to prevent the Trustee from making any payment or distribution by any other method that is appropriate under law.

Section 12.03 Interpretation . It is intended that this Agreement shall be interpreted in a manner such that the Trustee shall be prohibited from taking any action if the effect of such action would constitute a power under this Trust Agreement to “vary the investment of the certificate holders” as defined by Section 301.7701-4(c)(1) of the Treasury Regulations promulgated under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, as such regulations may be amended, and as further interpreted by Revenue Ruling 2004-86, 2004-33 I.R.B. 191, or any successor ruling, notice or other pronouncement by the Internal Revenue Service.

Section 12.04 Merger or Consolidation of Delaware Trustee or Trustee . Neither a change of name of either the Delaware Trustee or the Trustee, nor any merger or consolidation of its corporate powers with another bank or with a trust company, nor the sale or transfer of all or substantially all of its institutional and corporate trust operations to a separate bank, trust company, corporation or other business entity shall adversely affect such resulting or successor party’s right or capacity to act hereunder; provided, however, that the Delaware Trustee or any successor thereto shall maintain its principal place of business in the State of Delaware; and provided further that, in the case of any successor Trustee or Delaware Trustee, it shall continue to meet the requirements of Section 6.05 .

Section 12.05 Change in Trust Name . Upon the written request by Trustor submitted to the Trustee and the Delaware Trustee, the Trustee shall, without the vote or consent of any Trust Unitholders, take all action necessary to change the name of the Trust to a name mutually agreeable to the Trustee and Trustor and, upon effecting such name change, the Delaware Trustee, acting pursuant to the written instructions of the Trustee, shall amend the Certificate of Trust on file in the office of the Secretary of State of Delaware to reflect such name change.

Section 12.06 Filing of this Agreement . There is no obligation on the part of the Trustee that this Agreement or any executed copy hereof be filed in any county in which any of the Trust Estate is located, but the same may be filed for record in any county by the Trustee. In order to avoid the necessity of filing this Agreement for record, each of the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee agrees that for the purpose of vesting the record title to the Trust Estate in any successor trustee, the succeeded trustee shall, upon appointment of any successor trustee, execute and deliver to such successor trustee appropriate assignments or conveyances.

Section 12.07 Choice of Law . This Agreement and the Trust shall be governed by the laws of the State of Delaware (without regard to the conflict of laws principles thereof) in effect at any applicable time in all matters, including the validity, construction and administration of

 

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this Agreement and the Trust, the enforceability of the provisions of this Agreement, all rights and remedies hereunder, and the services of the Delaware Trustee and Trustee hereunder. Furthermore, except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, the rights, powers, duties and liabilities of the Delaware Trustee, the Trustee and the Trust Unitholders shall be as provided under the Trust Act and other applicable laws of the State of Delaware in effect at any applicable time; provided, however, that to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law there shall not be applicable to the Trustee, the Delaware Trustee, the Trust Unitholders, the Trust or this Agreement any provision of the laws (common or statutory) of the State of Delaware pertaining to trusts that relate to or regulate, in a manner inconsistent with the terms hereof, (i) the filing with any court or governmental body or agency of trustee accounts or schedules of trustee fees and charges, (ii) affirmative requirements to post bonds for trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (iii) the necessity for obtaining court or other governmental approval concerning the acquisition, holding or disposition of real or personal property, (iv) fees or other sums payable to trustees, officers, agents or employees of a trust, (v) the allocation of receipts and expenditures to income or principal, (vi) restrictions or limitations on the permissible nature, amount or concentration of Trust investments or requirements relating to the titling, storage or other manner of holding or investing trust assets or (vii) the establishment of fiduciary or other standards of responsibility or limitations on the acts or powers of trustees that are inconsistent with the limitations or authorities and powers of the trustees hereunder as set forth or referenced in this Agreement. Section 3540 of Title 12 of the Delaware Code shall not apply to the Trust.

Section 12.08 Separability . If any provision of this Agreement or the application thereof to any Person or circumstances shall be finally determined by a court of proper jurisdiction to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable to any extent, the remainder of this Agreement or the application of such provision to Persons or circumstances other than those as to which it is held illegal, invalid or unenforceable shall not be affected thereby, and every remaining provision of this Agreement shall be valid and enforced to the fullest extent permitted by law.

Section 12.09 Notices . Any and all notices or demands permitted or required to be given under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be validly given or made if (a) personally delivered, (b) delivered and confirmed by facsimile or like instantaneous transmission service, or by Federal Express or other overnight courier delivery service, which shall be effective as of confirmation of receipt by the courier at the address for notice hereinafter stated, (c) solely in the case of notice to any Trust Unitholder, by press release in a nationally recognized and distributed media or (d) deposited in the United States mail, first class, postage prepaid, certified or registered, return receipt requested, addressed as follows:

If to the Trustee, to:

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A.

919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500

Austin, Texas 78701

Attention: Michael J. Ulrich

Facsimile No.: (512) 236-9275

 

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With a copy to:

Bracewell & Giuliani LLP

111 Congress Avenue, Suite 2300

Austin, Texas 78701

Attention: Tom Adkins

Facsimile No.: (512) 479-3940

If to the Delaware Trustee, to:

Wilmington Trust, National Association

Rodney Square North

1100 North Market Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19890-1615

Attention: Corporate Trust Administration

Facsimile No.: (302) 636-4140

With a copy to:

Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A.

One Rodney Square

920 North King Street

Wilmington, Delaware 19801

Attention: Tara J. Hofner

Facsimile No.: (302) 498-7708

If to Trustor, to:

Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation

1700 Broadway, Suite 2300

Denver, Colorado 80290-2300

Attention: Michael J. Stevens

Facsimile No.: (303) 390-5590

With a copy to:

Foley & Lardner LLP

777 East Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53202-5306

Attention: Benjamin F. Garmer, III

                  John K. Wilson

Facsimile No.: (414) 297-4900

If to a Trust Unitholder, to:

The Trust Unitholder at its last address as shown on the ownership records maintained by the Trustee

 

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Notice that is mailed in the manner specified shall be conclusively deemed given three days after the date postmarked or upon receipt, whichever is sooner. Any party to this Agreement may change its address for the purpose of receiving notices or demands by notice given as provided in this Section 12.09 .

Section 12.10 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in a number of counterparts, each of which shall constitute an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.

Section 12.11 Stand-by Letter of Credit . Trustor hereby agrees to provide and maintain a $1.0 million stand-by letter of credit in a form reasonably acceptable to the Bank, in its capacity as Trustee.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Trustor, the Bank and Wilmington Trust have caused this Agreement to be duly executed the day and year first above written.

 

    WHITING OIL AND GAS CORPORATION
ATTEST:      

 

    By:  

 

Name:       Name:
Title:       Title:
ATTEST:     THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON TRUST COMPANY, N.A.

 

    By:  

 

Name:      
Title:      
ATTEST:     WILMINGTON TRUST, NATIONAL ASSOCIATION

 

    By:  

 

Name:      
Title:      

 

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Exhibit 5.1

[Letterhead of Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A.]

December 16, 2011

Whiting USA Trust II

c/o Whiting Petroleum Corporation

1700 Broadway, Suite 2300

Denver, Colorado 80290-2300

Re: Whiting USA Trust II

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as special Delaware counsel to Whiting USA Trust II, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), in connection with the matters set forth herein. At your request, this opinion is being furnished to you.

For purposes of giving the opinions hereinafter set forth, our examination of documents has been limited to the examination of originals, copies or forms of the following:

(a) The Certificate of Trust of the Trust, as filed in the office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware (the “Secretary of State”) on December 5, 2011 (the “Certificate”);

(b) The Trust Agreement of the Trust, dated as of December 5, 2011, among Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Trustor”), Wilmington Trust, National Association, a national banking association, as Delaware trustee (the “Delaware Trustee”), and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., a national banking association, as trustee (the “Trustee”);

(c) The Registration Statement on Form S-1, relating to the Trust Units of the Trust representing undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Trust (each, a “Trust Unit” and collectively, the “Trust Units”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on or about the date hereof (the “Registration Statement”);

(d) A form of the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of the Trust, to be entered into among the Trustor, the Delaware Trustee and the Trustee, attached as Exhibit 3.5 to the Registration Statement (the “Trust Agreement”); and

(e) A Certificate of Good Standing for the Trust, dated December 16, 2011, obtained from the Secretary of State.

We have assumed that there exists no other document relating to the Trust that is inconsistent with the foregoing documents, and as to such question of fact and the matters


Whiting USA Trust II

December 16, 2011

Page 2

 

related to Whiting Petroleum Corporation (the “Company”) below, we have relied upon a certificate of an officer of the Company. Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined are used as defined in the Trust Agreement.

With respect to all documents examined by us, we have assumed (i) the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as authentic originals, (ii) the conformity with the originals of all documents submitted to us as copies or forms, and (iii) the genuineness of all signatures.

For purposes of this opinion, we have assumed (i) that the Trust Agreement and the Certificate are in full force and effect and have not been amended, (ii) except to the extent provided in paragraph 1 below, that each of the parties to the documents examined by us has been duly created, organized or formed, as the case may be, and is validly existing in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction governing its creation, organization or formation, (iii) the legal capacity of natural persons who are signatories to the documents examined by us, (iv) that each of the parties to the documents examined by us (exclusive of the Trust and the Company) has the power and authority to execute and deliver, and to perform its obligations under, such documents, (v) that each of the parties to the documents examined by us (exclusive of the Trust and the Company) has duly authorized, executed and delivered such documents, (vi) that each Person to whom a Trust Unit is to be issued by the Trust (collectively, the “Trust Unit Holders”) has been issued such Trust Unit and paid for the Trust Unit acquired by it, in accordance with the Trust Agreement and the Registration Statement, and (vii) that the Trust Units have been issued and sold to the Trust Unit Holders in accordance with the Trust Agreement and the Registration Statement. We have not participated in the preparation of the Registration Statement and assume no responsibility for its contents and have relied upon a certificate of an officer of the Company as to factual matters relating to the Company.

This opinion is limited to the laws of the State of Delaware (excluding the securities laws and blue sky laws of the State of Delaware), and we have not considered and express no opinion on the laws of any other jurisdiction, including federal laws and rules and regulations relating thereto. Our opinions are rendered only with respect to Delaware laws and rules, regulations and orders thereunder that are currently in effect.

Based upon the foregoing, and upon our examination of such questions of law and statutes of the State of Delaware as we have considered necessary or appropriate, and subject to the assumptions, qualifications, limitations and exceptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:

1. The Trust has been duly created and is validly existing in good standing as a statutory trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (12 Del. C. § 3801, et seq .).

2. The Trust Units to be issued by the Trust will, when sold, be validly issued and, subject to the qualifications set forth in paragraph 3 below, fully paid and nonassessable undivided beneficial interests in the assets of the Trust.


Whiting USA Trust II

December 16, 2011

Page 3

 

3. The Trust Unit Holders, as beneficial owners of the Trust, are entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to stockholders of private corporations for profit organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. We note that the Trust Unit Holders may be obligated to make payments as set forth in Sections 6.13, 8.02 and Article XI of the Trust Agreement, and a Trust Unit Holder acting in the role of Trustor additionally may be obligated to make payments as set forth in Sections 3.12(e), 3.14 and 6.02(b) of the Trust Agreement.

We consent to the filing of this opinion with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. In addition, we hereby consent to the use of our name under the heading “Legal Matters” in the Registration Statement. In giving the foregoing consents, we do not thereby admit that we come within the category of Persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission thereunder. In addition, potential Trust Unit Holders, Trust Unit Holders and their successors and assigns and any rating agency may rely as to matters of Delaware law upon this opinion in connection with the matters set forth herein, subject to the understanding that the opinions rendered herein are given on the date hereof and that the matters addressed by the opinions rendered herein may be affected by subsequent material changes in fact or law. We assume no duty to apprise you of the impact of any such changes in the matters addressed by the opinions rendered herein. Except as stated above, without our prior written consent, this opinion may not be furnished or quoted to, or relied upon by, any other Person for any purpose.

 

Very truly yours,
/s/ Richards, Layton & Finger, P.A.

TJH/rmc

Exhibit 8.1

 

LOGO     

FOLEY & LARDNER LLP

ATTORNEYS AT LAW

 

777 EAST WISCONSIN AVENUE

MILWAUKEE, WI 53202-5306

414.271.2400 TEL

414.297.4900 FAX

www.foley.com

December 16, 2011

Whiting USA Trust II

  919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500

  Austin, Texas 78701

Ladies and Gentlemen:

We have acted as tax counsel to Whiting USA Trust II, a Delaware statutory trust (the “ Trust ”), and Whiting Petroleum Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“ Whiting ”), with respect to certain legal matters in connection with the offer and sale of units in the Trust and the preparation and filing of a Registration Statement on Form S-1 and Form S-3 (including the amendments thereto, the “ Registration Statement ”) with the Securities and Exchange Commission.

For purposes of this opinion, we have assumed, with your permission and without independent investigation, (i) the Conveyance and Assignment (the “Conveyance”), the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement, the Administrative Services Agreement and the Registration Rights Agreement, each in the form filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement (collectively, the “Transaction Documents”) will be consummated in the manner contemplated by the Registration Statement and in accordance with the provisions of the Transaction Documents, without the waiver or modification of any conditions to any party’s obligation to effect such transactions, (ii) that the parties to the Transaction Documents will comply with all applicable terms of the Transaction Documents, (iii) that the Registration Statement and the Transaction Documents reflect all the material facts relating to the transaction contemplated thereby, (iv) that documents submitted to us as original documents (including signatures) are authentic, (v) that documents submitted to us as copies conform to the original documents, and (vi) that there have been (or will be by the Effective Time (as defined in the Conveyance)) due execution and delivery of all documents where due execution and delivery are prerequisites to the effectiveness of those documents. We have also relied upon statements and representations made to us by representatives of Whiting and have assumed that such statements and the facts set forth in such representations are true, correct and complete without regard to any qualification by such representatives as to knowledge or belief.

Based upon the foregoing and in reliance thereon, all statements of legal conclusions contained in the discussion (the “ Discussion ”) set forth in the Registration Statement under the heading “ U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences ” constitute, unless otherwise noted, our opinion with respect to the matters set forth therein as of the effective date of the Registration Statement. In addition, we are of the opinion that the Discussion with respect to those matters as to which no legal conclusions are provided is an accurate discussion of such federal income tax matters (except for the representations and statements of fact by Whiting and the Trust included in the Discussion, as to which we express no opinion).


Our opinion expressed herein is based upon existing law, regulations, administrative pronouncements, and judicial authority, all as in effect as of today’s date. This opinion represents our best legal judgment as to the matters addressed herein, but is not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or the courts. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the opinion expressed herein, if contested, would be sustained by a court. Furthermore, the authorities upon which we rely may be changed at any time, potentially with retroactive effect. No assurances can be given as to the effect of any such changes on the conclusions expressed in this opinion. Our opinion is limited to the tax matters specifically covered hereby, and we have not been asked to address, nor have we addressed, any other tax consequences of the transactions contemplated by the Transaction Documents. We undertake no responsibility to advise you of any future change in the matters stated or assumed herein or in the federal income tax laws or the application or interpretation thereof.

We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Securities and Exchange Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the references to this opinion in the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not admit that we come within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder.

 

Very truly yours,
/s/ Foley & Lardner LLP
FOLEY & LARDNER LLP

Exhibit 10.1

CONVEYANCE AND ASSIGNMENT

This Conveyance of Term Net Profits Interest and Assignment of Pre-Effective Time Payment (this “ Conveyance ”) is made, as of                     , 2012, from Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Grantor”) to The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., with offices at 919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500, Austin, Texas 78701, Attention: Michael J. Ulrich, as trustee (the “ Trustee ”), acting not in its individual capacity but solely as trustee of the Whiting USA Trust II (the “ Trust ”), a statutory trust created under the Delaware Statutory Trust Act as of December 5, 2011 (such Trustee acting as trustee of the Trust, the “ Grantee ”). Capitalized terms shall have the meaning set forth in Article II below.

ARTICLE I

GRANT OF NET PROFITS INTEREST

For and in consideration of Ten and No/100 Dollars ($10.00) and other good and valuable consideration (including the issuance by Grantee to Grantor of              Trust Units) to Grantor paid by Grantee, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged by Grantor, Grantor hereby GRANTS, BARGAINS, SELLS, CONVEYS, TRANSFERS, ASSIGNS, SETS OVER AND DELIVERS unto Grantee subject to the terms and conditions set forth hereinafter, effective as of the Effective Time, a net profits interest (the “ Net Profits Interest ”) in and to the Subject Leases and the Subject Minerals if, as, and when produced, saved and sold, in an amount equal to the product of the Proceeds Percentage times the Net Profits attributable to the Subject Interests, calculated in accordance with the provisions of Article III below and payable solely out of gross proceeds attributable to the sale of the Subject Minerals produced and saved through the Subject Wells, during the Net Profits Period, all as more fully provided herein below.

TO HAVE AND TO HOLD the Net Profits Interest, together with all and singular the rights and appurtenances thereto in anywise belonging, unto Grantee, its successors and assigns, subject, however, to the following terms and provisions, to-wit:

ARTICLE II

DEFINITIONS

As used herein, the following terms shall have the meaning ascribed to them below:

Administrative Hedge Costs ” shall mean those costs paid by Grantor to counter-parties under the Existing Hedges or to Persons that provide credit to maintain any Existing Hedge (in each case) after the Effective Time, but excluding any Hedge Settlement Costs.

Affiliate ” shall mean with respect to a specified Person, any Person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the specified Person. As used in this definition, the term “control” (and the correlative terms “controlling,” “controlled by,” and “under common control”) shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a Person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.


Average Annual Capital Expenditure Amount ” shall mean the quotient of (a) the sum of (i) the capital expenditures to be debited to the Net Profits Account and (ii) the amounts debited to the Net Profits Account pursuant to Section 3.1(b)(xviii) for capital expenditure projects, in each case attributable to the three twelve-month periods ending on the Capital Expenditure Limitation Date, divided by (b) three. Commencing on the Capital Expenditure Limitation Date, and each anniversary of the Capital Expenditure Limitation Date thereafter, the Average Annual Capital Expenditure Amount will be increased by 2.5% to account for expected increased costs due to inflation.

BOE ” shall mean (a) for Oil included in the Subject Minerals, one barrel, (b) for Gas Liquids included in the Subject Minerals, one barrel, and (c) for Gas included in the Subject Minerals, the amount of such hydrocarbons equal to one barrel, determined using the ratio of six Mcf of Gas to one barrel of Oil.

Business Day ” shall mean any day that is not a Saturday, Sunday or any other day on which national banking institutions in New York, New York, Denver, Colorado or Wilmington, Delaware are closed as authorized or required by law.

Capital Expenditure Limitation Date ” shall mean the later to occur of (a) December 31, 2017 and (b) the last day of the Payment Period during which the total volumes of the Subject Minerals produced, saved and sold equal the volume of (i) 8.24 MMBOE less (ii) the total volume of the Subject Minerals produced, saved and sold during the Production Period Prior to the Effective Time and less (iii) the aggregate volume of proved reserves attributable to the Subject Interests that are Transferred by Grantor pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof (with the volume of proved reserves attributable to any individual Subject Interest so Transferred determined solely by reference to the quantity of reserves attributable to such Subject Interest that are expected to be produced during the then applicable remainder of the term of the Net Profits Interest in the most recent reserve report prepared by an independent reserve engineer in accordance with the methodology specified in the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, provided that, in the event an independent reserve engineer has not prepared a reserve report satisfying the foregoing requirements within twelve (12) months prior to the date of the Transfer of such Subject Interest, no volume of proved reserves for such Subject Interest shall be included in such aggregate volume pursuant to this clause (iii)).

Contingent Debt Regulations ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 9.9(b).

Code ” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.

Conveyance ” shall mean this Conveyance of Term Net Profits Interest and Assignment of Pre-Effective Time Payment, as the same may be amended or modified from time to time by one or more instruments executed by both Grantor and Grantee.

Debit Balance ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 3.2(c).

Effective Time ” shall mean 12:01 a.m., local time in effect where the Subject Interests are located, on the date of this Conveyance.

 

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Eligible Materials ” shall mean Materials for which amounts in respect of the cost of such Materials were properly debited to the Net Profits Account.

Existing Hedges ” shall mean the Hedges entered into by Grantor with respect to the Subject Minerals prior to the date hereof as described in Exhibit A to the Supplemental Agreement.

Fair Value ” shall mean, with respect to any portion of the Net Profits Interest to be released pursuant to Section 5.1 in connection with a sale or release of any Subject Interest, an amount equal to the excess of (i) the proceeds which could reasonably be expected to be obtained from the sale of such portion of the Net Profits Interest to a party which is not an Affiliate of either Grantor or the Trust on an arms’-length negotiated basis, taking into account relevant market conditions and factors existing at the time of any such proposed sale or release, over (ii) Grantee’s proportionate share of any sales costs, commissions and brokerage fees.

Farmout Agreement ” shall mean any farmout agreement, participation agreement, exploration agreement, development agreement or any similar agreement.

Gas ” shall mean natural gas and other gaseous hydrocarbons or minerals, including helium, but excluding any Gas Liquids.

Gas Liquids ” shall mean those natural gas liquids and other liquid hydrocarbons, including ethane, propane, butane and natural gasoline, and mixtures thereof, that are removed from a Gas stream by the liquids extraction process of any field facility or gas processing plant and delivered by the facility or plant as natural gas liquids.

Grantee ” shall mean Grantee as defined in the first paragraph of this Conveyance, and its successors and assigns; and, unless the context in which used shall otherwise require, such term shall include any successor owner at the time in question of any or all of the Net Profits Interest.

“Grantor” shall have the meaning given such term in the first paragraph of this Conveyance.

Hedge ” shall mean any commodity hedging transaction pertaining to Subject Minerals, whether in the form of (i) forward sales and options to acquire or dispose of a futures contract solely on an organized commodities exchange, (ii) derivative agreements for a swap, cap, collar or floor of the commodity price, or (iii) similar types of financial transactions classified as “notional principal contracts” pursuant to Treasury Regulation § 1.988-1(a)(2)(iii)(B)(2).

Hedge Settlement Costs ” shall mean any and all payments required to be made by Grantor to the counterparties in connection with the settlement or mark-to-market of trades made under any Existing Hedge and all payments made by Grantor for any early termination of any Existing Hedge.

Hedge Settlement Revenues ” shall mean any and all payments received by Grantor from the counterparties in connection with the settlement or mark-to-market of trades made

 

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under any Existing Hedge and all payments received by Grantor for any early termination of any Existing Hedge.

Lease ” shall mean (i) a lease of one or more Minerals described in Exhibit A attached hereto as to all lands and depths described in such lease (or the applicable part or portion thereof, if limited in depth and/or areal extent in Exhibit A) and any interest therein and any leasehold interest in any other lease of Minerals derived from the pooling or unitization of such lease (or portion thereof, if limited in depth and/or areal extent in Exhibit A) with other leases, together with any interest acquired or maintained by Grantor in any and all extensions of such lease, (ii) any replacement lease taken upon or in anticipation of termination of such lease (if executed and delivered during the term of or within one year after the expiration of the predecessor lease), as to all lands and depths described in the predecessor lease (unless the extended or predecessor lease is specifically limited in depth or areal extent in Exhibit A, in which event only the corresponding portion of such lease shall be considered a renewal or extension or a replacement lease subject to this Conveyance), and (iii) any other Mineral leasehold, royalty, overriding royalty or Mineral fee interest described in Exhibit A attached hereto (or the applicable part or portion thereof if limited in depth and/or areal extent in Exhibit A); and “Leases” shall mean all such Leases and all such renewal and extensions and replacement Leases.

Manufacturing Costs ” shall mean the costs of Processing that generate Manufacturing Proceeds received by Grantor.

Manufacturing Proceeds ” shall mean the excess, if any, of (i) proceeds received by Grantor from the sale of Subject Minerals that are the result of any Processing over (ii) the part of such proceeds that represents the Payment Value of such Subject Minerals before any Processing.

Materials ” shall mean materials, supplies, equipment and other personal property or fixtures located on or used in connection with the Subject Interests.

Mcf ” shall mean one thousand cubic feet.

Minerals ” shall mean Oil, Gas and Gas Liquids.

MMBOE ” shall mean one million BOE.

Money Market Interest Rate ” shall mean the lesser of (a) the rate of interest per annum publicly announced from time to time in the Midwest edition of the Wall Street Journal as the “money market” interest rate on an annual yield basis, but if such rate is not available, then such similar rate as reported by a nationally recognized financial news source or (b) the maximum rate of interest permitted under applicable law.

Net Profits ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 3.2(b).

Net Profits Account ” shall mean the account maintained in accordance with the provisions of Section 3.1.

Net Profits Interest ” shall have the meaning given such term in Article I.

 

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Net Profits Period ” shall mean the period from and after the Effective Time until and including the Termination Date.

Oil ” shall mean crude oil, condensate and other liquid hydrocarbons recovered by field equipment or facilities, excluding Gas Liquids.

Payment Period ” shall mean a calendar quarter, provided that for purposes of the Net Profits Interest the first Payment Period shall mean the period from and after the Effective Time until March 31, 2012, and the last Payment Period shall mean any portion of the calendar quarter during which the Termination Date occurs from the beginning of such calendar quarter until and including the Termination Date, and provided further that for purposes of the Pre-Effective Time Payment the first Payment Period shall mean the period from and after January 1, 2012 until, but excluding, the Effective Time.

Payment Value ” of any Subject Minerals shall mean:

(a) With respect to Oil and Gas Liquids, (i) the highest price available to Grantor for such Oil and Gas Liquids at the applicable Subject Lease on the date of delivery pursuant to a bona fide offer, posted price or other generally available marketing arrangement from or with a non-Affiliate purchaser, or (ii) if no such offer, posted price or arrangement is available, the fair market value of such Oil and/or Gas Liquids, on the date of delivery at the applicable Subject Lease, determined in accordance with generally accepted and usual industry practices;

(b) With respect to Gas, (i) the price specified in any Production Sales Contract for the sale of such Gas or (ii) if such Gas cannot be sold pursuant to a Production Sales Contract, (A) the average of the three highest prices (adjusted for all material differences in quality) being paid at the time of production for Gas produced from the same field in sales between non-affiliated Persons (or, if there are not three such prices within such field, within a 50-mile radius of such field) but, for any Gas subject to price restrictions established, prescribed or otherwise imposed by any governmental authority having jurisdiction over the sale of such Gas, no more than the highest price permitted for such category or type of Gas after all applicable adjustments (including without limitation tax reimbursement, dehydration, compression and gathering allowances, inflation and other permitted escalations), or (B) if subsection (b)(ii)(A) above is not applicable, the fair market value of such Gas, on the date of delivery, at the applicable Subject Lease, determined in accordance with generally accepted and usual industry practices.

Permitted Encumbrances ” shall mean the following whether now existing or hereinafter created but only insofar as they cover, describe or relate to the Subject Interests or the lands described in any Lease:

(a) the terms, conditions, restrictions, exceptions, reservations, limitations and other matters contained in the agreements, instruments and documents that create or reserve to Grantor its interests in any of the Leases, including any Prior Reversionary Interest; provided, however, that none of the foregoing shall operate to reduce Grantor’s “Net Revenue Interest” for any Subject Well or Subject Lease to below the “Net Revenue Interest” set forth in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement for such Subject Well or Subject Lease or increase the “Working Interest” of Grantor for any Subject Well or Subject Lease above that “Working Interest” set

 

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forth in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement for such Subject Well or Subject Lease (unless there is a proportionate increase in Grantor’s corresponding “Net Revenue Interest” for such Subject Well or Subject Lease);

(b) any (i) undetermined or inchoate liens or charges constituting or securing the payment of expenses that were incurred incidental to maintenance, development, production or operation of the Leases or for the purpose of developing, producing or processing Minerals therefrom or therein, and (ii) materialman’s, mechanics’, repairman’s, employees’, contractors’, operators’ or other similar liens or charges for liquidated amounts, in each case arising in the ordinary course of business that Grantor has agreed to pay or is contesting in good faith in the ordinary course of business;

(c) any liens for taxes and assessments not yet delinquent or, if delinquent, that are being contested in good faith by Grantor in the ordinary course of business;

(d) any liens or security interests created by law or reserved in any Lease for the payment of royalty, bonus or rental, or created to secure compliance with the terms of the agreements, instruments and documents that create or reserve to Grantor its interests in the Leases;

(e) any obligations or duties affecting the Leases to any municipality or public authority with respect to any franchise, grant, license or permit, and all applicable laws, rules, regulations and orders of any governmental authority;

(f) any (i) easements, rights-of-way, servitudes, permits, surface leases and other rights in respect of surface operations, pipelines, grazing, hunting, lodging, canals, ditches, reservoirs or the like, and (ii) easements for streets, alleys, highways, pipelines, telephone lines, power lines, railways and other similar rights-of-way, on, over or in respect of the lands described in the Leases, provided that, in the case of clauses (i) and (ii), such easements, rights-of-way, servitudes, permits, surface leases and other rights do not materially impair the value of the Net Profits Interest;

(g) all lessors’ royalties, overriding royalties, net profits interests, carried interests, production payments, reversionary interests and other burdens on or deductions from the proceeds of production created or in existence as of the Effective Time; provided, however, that none of the foregoing shall operate to reduce Grantor’s “Net Revenue Interest” for any Subject Well or Subject Lease to below the “Net Revenue Interest” set forth in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement for such Subject Well or Subject Lease or increase the “Working Interest” of Grantor for any Subject Well or Subject Lease above that “Working Interest” set forth in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement for such Subject Well or Subject Lease (unless there is a proportionate increase in Grantor’s corresponding “Net Revenue Interest” for such Subject Well or Subject Lease);

(h) preferential rights to purchase or similar agreements and required third party consents to assignments or similar agreements other than any such rights, agreements or third party consents restricting Grantor’s right to convey the Net Profits Interest to Grantee pursuant to this Conveyance;

 

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(i) all rights to consent by, required notices to, filings with, or other actions by any governmental authority in connection with the sale or conveyance of the Leases or interests therein;

(j) production sales contracts; division orders; contracts for sale, purchase, exchange, refining or processing of Minerals; unitization and pooling designations, declarations, orders and agreements; operating agreements; agreements for development; area of mutual interest agreements; gas balancing or deferred production agreements; processing agreements; plant agreements; pipeline, gathering and transportation agreements; injection, repressuring and recycling agreements; salt water or other disposal agreements; seismic or geophysical permits or agreements; and any and all other agreements entered into by Grantor or its Affiliates in connection with the exploration or development of the Leases or the extraction, processing or marketing of production therefrom or to which any of the Leases were subject when acquired by Grantor or its Affiliates; provided, however, that none of the foregoing shall operate to reduce Grantor’s “Net Revenue Interest” for any Subject Well or Subject Lease to below the “Net Revenue Interest” set forth in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement for such Subject Well or Subject Lease or increase the “Working Interest” of Grantor for any Subject Well or Subject Lease above that “Working Interest” set forth in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement for such Subject Well or Subject Lease (unless there is a proportionate increase in Grantor’s corresponding “Net Revenue Interest” for such Subject Well or Subject Lease); and

(k) conventional rights of reassignment that obligate Grantor to reassign all or part of a property to a third party if Grantor intends to release or abandon such property.

Person ” shall mean any individual, partnership, limited liability company, corporation, trust, unincorporated association, governmental agency, subdivision, instrumentality, or other entity or association.

Possible Refundable Amounts ” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 3.1(a)(v).

Pre-Effective Time Payment ” shall have the meaning given such term in Article VIII.

Prior Reversionary Interest ” shall mean any contract, agreement, Farmout Agreement, lease, deed, conveyance or operating agreement that exists as of the Effective Time or that burdened the Subject Interests at the time such Subject Interests were acquired by Grantor, that by the terms thereof requires a Person to convey a part of the Subject Interests to another Person or to permanently cease production of any Subject Well, including obligations arising pursuant to any operating agreements, Leases, coal leases, and other similar agreements or instruments affecting the Subject Interests.

Proceeds Percentage ” shall mean ninety percent (90%).

Processing ” or “ Processed ” shall mean to manufacture, fractionate or refine Subject Minerals, but such terms do not mean or include activities involving the use of normal lease or well equipment (such as dehydrators, gas treating facilities, mechanical separators, heater-treaters, lease compression facilities, injection or recycling equipment, tank batteries, field gathering systems, pipelines and equipment and so forth) to treat or condition Minerals or other normal operations on any of the Subject Interests.

 

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Production Period Prior to Effective Time ” shall mean the period commencing on and including January 1, 2012 through, but excluding, the day of the Effective Time.

Production Sales Contracts ” shall mean all contracts, agreements and arrangements for the sale or disposition of Minerals.

Quarterly Record Date ” shall mean the 50 th day following the close of each Payment Period. The first Quarterly Record Date shall be May 20, 2012.

Reserve Account ” shall mean an account to be maintained by Grantor pursuant to Section 3.1; provided that the balance in such account at the Effective Time shall be zero and at any time shall not exceed $2,000,000, and provided further that amounts held in such account shall be expended by Grantor only with respect to the development, maintenance or operation of the Subject Interests and related activities.

Subject Interests ” shall mean each kind and character of right, title, claim, or interest (collectively the “rights,”) that Grantor has or owns in or to the Subject Leases and the Subject Wells whether such right be under or by virtue of a lease, a unitization or pooling order or agreement, an operating agreement, a division order, or a transfer order or be under or by virtue of any other type of claim or title, legal or equitable, recorded or unrecorded, all as such rights shall be (a) enlarged or diminished by virtue of the provisions of Section 4.2, and (b) enlarged by the discharge of any payments out of production or by the removal of any charges or encumbrances to which any of such rights are subject at the Effective Time ( provided that such removal is pursuant to the express terms of the instrument that created such charge or encumbrance) and any and all renewals and extensions of the right occurring within one year after the expiration of such rights.

Subject Leases ” shall mean each kind and character of right, title, claim, or interest (collectively the “rights,”) that Grantor has or owns in or to the Leases whether such right be under or by virtue of a lease, a unitization or pooling order or agreement, an operating agreement, a division order, or a transfer order or be under or by virtue of any other type of claim or title, legal or equitable, recorded or unrecorded, all as such rights shall be (a) enlarged or diminished by virtue of the provisions of Section 4.2, and (b) enlarged by the discharge of any payments out of production or by the removal of any charges or encumbrances to which any of such rights are subject at the Effective Time ( provided that such removal is pursuant to the express terms of the instrument that created such charge or encumbrance) and any and all renewals and extensions of the right occurring within one year after the expiration of such rights.

Subject Minerals ” shall mean all Minerals in and under and that may be produced, saved, and sold from, and are attributable to, the Subject Interests from and after the Effective Time, after deducting the appropriate share of all royalties and any overriding royalties, production payments and other similar charges (except the Net Profits Interest) burdening the Subject Interests at the Effective Time, provided that, (a) there shall not be included in the Subject Minerals (i) any Minerals attributable to non-consent operations conducted with respect to the Subject Interests (or any portion thereof) as to which Grantor shall be a non-consenting party as of the Effective Time that are dedicated to the recoupment or reimbursement of costs and expenses of the consenting party or parties by the terms of the relevant operating agreement,

 

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unit agreement, contract for development, or other instrument providing for such non-consent operations (including any interest, penalty or other amounts related thereto), or (ii) any Minerals unavoidably lost in production or used by Grantor for production operations (including without limitation, fuel, secondary or tertiary recovery) conducted solely for the purpose of producing Subject Minerals from the Subject Interests, and (b) there shall be included in the Subject Minerals any Minerals attributable to non-consent operations conducted with respect to the Subject Interests (or any portion thereof) as to which Grantor shall be a non-consenting party as of the Effective Time that are produced, saved, and sold from, and are attributable to the Subject Interests after the Effective Time from and after the recoupment or reimbursement of costs and expenses (including any interest, penalty or other amounts related thereto) of the consenting party or parties by the terms of the relevant operating agreement, unit agreement, contract agreement, contract development, or other instruments providing for such non-consent operations.

Subject Well ” shall mean each well (whether now existing or hereinafter drilled) on the Subject Leases in respect of which Grantor owns any interest or is entitled to any of the Minerals production or the proceeds therefrom (whether directly or indirectly by virtue of the effect of any farmout or farmin provisions or other provisions).

“Supplemental Agreement” shall mean the Supplemental Agreement entered into between the Grantor and Grantee on even date herewith.

Termination Date ” shall mean the later of (a) December 31, 2021 and (b) the day on which the total volume of the Subject Minerals produced, saved and sold from and after the Effective Time equals a volume of (i) 11.79 MMBOE less (ii) the total volume of the Subject Minerals produced, saved and sold during the Production Period Prior to the Effective Time and less (iii) the aggregate volume of proved reserves attributable to the Subject Interests that are Transferred by Grantor pursuant to Section 5.1 hereof (with the volume of proved reserves attributable to any individual Subject Interest so Transferred determined solely by reference to the quantity of reserves attributable to such Subject Interest that are expected to be produced during the then applicable remainder of the term of the Net Profits Interest in the most recent reserve report prepared by an independent reserve engineer in accordance with the methodology specified in the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission, provided that, in the event an independent reserve engineer has not prepared a reserve report satisfying the foregoing requirements within twelve (12) months prior to the date of the Transfer of such Subject Interest, no volume of proved reserves for such Subject Interest shall be included in such aggregate volume pursuant to this clause (iii)).

Transfer ” including its syntactical variants, shall mean any assignment, sale, transfer, conveyance, or disposition of any property; provided , however, “Transfer” as used herein does not include the granting of a security interest, pledge, or mortgage in Grantor’s interest in any property, including the Subject Interests or the Subject Minerals.

Trust Agreement ” shall mean the Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of Whiting USA Trust II, dated of even date herewith, by and among Grantor, Grantee and Wilmington Trust Company, a banking corporation organized under the laws of the State of Delaware.

 

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Trust Units ” shall have the meaning ascribed to such term in the Trust Agreement.

ARTICLE III

ESTABLISHMENT OF NET PROFITS ACCOUNT AND RESERVE ACCOUNT

3.1 Net Profits Account and Reserve Account . Grantor shall establish and maintain true and correct books and records in order to determine the credits and debits to the Net Profits Account and the Reserve Account to be maintained by Grantor at all times during the Net Profits Period, in accordance with the terms of this Conveyance and prudent and accepted accounting practices. For purposes of this Section 3.1:

(a) The Net Profits Account shall be credited with an amount equal to the sum, from and after the Effective Time with respect to each Payment Period, of the gross proceeds (determined before calculating the Net Profits) received by Grantor from the sale of all Subject Minerals; provided , however, that:

 

  (i) subject to the following provisions of this Section 3.1(a), gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account shall include all consideration received, directly or indirectly, for Transfers of Subject Minerals as, if and when produced, including without limitation, subject to clause (v) below, advance payments and payments under take or pay, ratable take and similar provisions of Production Sales Contracts when credited against the price for delivery of production;

 

  (ii) if any proceeds are withheld from Grantor for any reason (other than at the request of Grantor), such proceeds shall not be considered to be gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account until such proceeds are actually received by Grantor;

 

  (iii) if Grantor becomes an underproduced party under any Gas balancing or similar arrangement affecting the Subject Interests, then the Net Profits Account shall not be credited with any amounts for any Gas attributable to the Subject Interests that is deemed to be stored for Grantor’s account under the terms of such Gas balancing arrangement, and if Grantor becomes an overproduced party under any Gas balancing or similar arrangement affecting the Subject Interests, then the Net Profits Account shall not be credited with any amount for any Gas taken by an underproduced party as “make-up” Gas that would otherwise be attributable to the Subject Interests. The Net Profits Account shall be credited with amounts received by Grantor (1) for any “make up” Gas taken by Grantor as a result of its position as an underproduced party under any Gas balancing or similar arrangement affecting the Subject Interests, (2) as a balancing of accounts under a Gas balancing or other similar arrangement affecting the Subject Interests either as an interim balancing or at the depletion of the reservoir, and (3) for any Gas taken by Grantor attributable to the Subject Interests in excess of its entitlement share of such Gas;

 

  (iv)

if Grantor shall be a party as to any non-consent operations conducted with respect to all or any of the Subject Interests from and after the Effective Time, all

 

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  gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account with respect thereto shall be governed by Section 4.3;

 

  (v) if a controversy or possible controversy exists (whether by reason of any statute, order, decree, rule, regulation, contract, or otherwise) as to the correct or lawful sales price of any Subject Minerals, or if any amounts received or to be received by Grantor as “take-or-pay” or “ratable take” payments are subject to refund to any purchasers of Subject Minerals (in each case, such amounts together with any other gross proceeds withheld from, or repayable by, Grantor, “ Possible Refundable Amounts ”), then:

 

  (A) amounts withheld by such purchaser or deposited by it with an escrow agent shall not be considered to have been received by Grantor and shall not be credited to the Net Profits Account until actually collected by Grantor; provided , however, that the Net Profits Account shall not be credited with any interest, penalty, or other amount that is not derived from the sale of Subject Minerals; and

 

  (B) amounts received or to be received by Grantor and promptly deposited or to be deposited by it with a non-Affiliate escrow agent, to be placed in interest bearing accounts under usual and customary terms, shall not be considered to have been received by Grantor and shall not be credited to the Net Profits Account until actually disbursed to Grantor by such escrow agent; provided , however, that the Net Profits Account shall not be credited with any interest, penalty, or other amount that is not derived from the sale of Subject Minerals; and

 

  (C) for clarity, amounts received or to be received by Grantor and not promptly deposited or to be deposited by it with a non-Affiliate escrow agent shall be included in gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account;

 

  (vi) gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account shall not include any amount received by Grantor in respect of any production of Subject Minerals prior to the Effective Time;

 

  (vii) gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account shall not include any amount that Grantor shall receive for any sale or other disposition of any of the Subject Interests or in connection with any adjustment of any well or leasehold equipment upon unitization of any of the Subject Interests;

 

  (viii) gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account shall not include any Manufacturing Proceeds or other amounts that are reductions of debits to the Net Profits Account under the proviso of Section 3.1(b);

 

  (ix) in the event that Subject Minerals are Processed prior to sale, gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account shall include only the Payment Value of such Subject Minerals before any such Processing;

 

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  (x) the amount of gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account during any Payment Period shall be reduced by overpayments pursuant to Section 3.4(a);

 

  (xi) gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account shall not include any amount to which Grantor is entitled by virtue of a judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction resolving a dispute hereunder between Grantee and Grantor in favor of Grantor, or any amount paid to Grantor in settlement of such dispute; and

 

  (xii) gross proceeds to be credited to the Net Profits Account shall not include any additional proceeds from the sale of Minerals related to any Subject Well with respect to which Grantor elects to be a participating party (whether pursuant to an operating agreement or other agreement or arrangement, including without limitation, non-consent rights and obligations imposed by statute or regulatory agency) with respect to any operation with respect to such Subject Well where another party or parties have elected not to participate in such operation (or have elected to abandon such Subject Well) and Grantor elects to pay the costs of such nonparticipating or abandoning party and as a result of which Grantor becomes entitled to receive, either temporarily (i.e., through a period of recoupment) or permanently any additional proceeds from the sale of Minerals related to such Subject Well.

(b) The Net Profits Account shall be debited with an amount equal to the sum of the following (excluding in all events Manufacturing Costs), to the extent that the same relate to the Existing Hedges or are properly allocable to the Subject Interests (and any related equipment or property used in connection therewith) and the production and (subject to Section 4.4) marketing of Subject Minerals therefrom and have been incurred or accrued (as described below) by Grantor from and after the Effective Time and attributable to periods ending on or before the Termination Date:

 

  (i)

all direct costs (including capital costs) paid by Grantor (A) for all direct labor (including fringe benefits) and other services necessary for developing, operating, producing, reworking and maintaining the Subject Interests and workovers of any Subject Well on the Subject Interests, (B) for dehydration, compression, separation and transportation of the Subject Minerals, and (C) for all Materials purchased for use on, or in connection with, any of the Subject Interests (including without limitation (1) all amounts charged Grantor for conformance of investment if the Subject Interests or any part or parts thereof are hereafter from time to time unitized or if any participating area in a federal divided-type unit is changed, (2) the costs of any seismic (including 3-D seismic surveys), geological or geophysical operations to the extent relating to the search for Subject Minerals, (3) the costs of drilling, completing, testing, equipping, plugging back, reworking, recompleting and plugging and abandoning any Subject Well on the Subject Interests, whether or not such Subject Well is a producer or is abandoned as a dry hole or junked, (4) the cost of constructing gathering facilities, tanks and other production and delivery facilities on the Subject Interests and (5) the cost of secondary recovery, pressure maintenance, repressuring, recycling and other

 

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  operations conducted for the purpose of enhancing production); provided , however, that the debits made to the Net Profits Account pursuant to this subsection (and, to the extent applicable, pursuant to the other applicable provisions of this Conveyance) with respect to any Subject Interest shall be made on the same basis as such costs are charged under the operating agreement (if any) applicable to such Subject Interest at the time the transaction giving rise to such debit occurred (including any producing overhead in such operating agreement), except that in the event a Subject Interest is operated at such time by a non-Affiliate of Grantor but is not subject to an operating agreement, such debit shall be made on the same basis as Grantor is charged by such non-Affiliate of Grantor; provided , further , if Grantor elects to pay the costs of a nonconsenting party or nonparticipating party with respect to which the gross proceeds derived from such costs are not credited to the Net Profits Account pursuant to Section 3.1(a), Grantor shall be solely responsible for such costs;

 

  (ii) all costs (including without limitation outside legal, accounting and engineering services) attributable to the Subject Interests of (A) handling, investigating and/or settling litigation, administrative proceedings and claims (including without limitation lien claims other than liens for borrowed funds) and (B) payment of judgments, penalties and other liabilities (including interest thereon), paid by Grantor (and not reimbursed under insurance maintained by Grantor or others) and involving any of the Subject Interests, or incident to the development, operation or maintenance of the Subject Interests, or requiring the payment or restitution of any proceeds of Subject Minerals, or arising from tax or royalty audits, except that there shall not be debited to the Net Profits Account any expenses incurred by Grantor in litigation of any claim or dispute arising hereunder between Grantor and Grantee or amounts paid by Grantor to Grantee pursuant to a final order entered by a court of competent jurisdiction resolving any such claim or dispute or amounts paid by Grantor to Grantee in connection with the settlement of any such claim or dispute;

 

  (iii) all taxes (except federal and state income, transfer, mortgage, inheritance, estate, franchise and like taxes) incurred, accrued or paid by Grantor with respect to the ownership of the Subject Interests or the extraction of the Subject Minerals, including without limitation production, severance, sales, gathering and/or excise and other similar taxes assessed against, and/or measured by, the production of (or the proceeds or value of production of) Subject Minerals, occupation taxes, sales and use taxes, and ad valorem taxes assessed against or attributable to the Subject Interests or any equipment used in connection with production from any of the Subject Interests and any extraordinary or windfall profits taxes that may be assessed in the future based upon profits realized or prices received from the sale of Subject Minerals; provided , however, that if Grantee is assessed any of such taxes individually and Grantee pays such taxes, then the taxes which Grantee is assessed individually and has paid shall not be debited to the Net Profits Account;

 

  (iv)

insurance premiums attributable to the ownership or operation of the Subject Interests paid by Grantor for insurance actually carried for periods after the

 

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  Effective Time with respect to the Subject Interests, or any equipment located on any of the Subject Interests, or incident to the development, operation or maintenance of the Subject Interests, it being recognized that where the coverage is general in nature, or relates to a group of properties (or more than one interest in the same property), only that portion which is reasonably allocated to the Subject Interests shall be debited hereunder;

 

  (v) all amounts paid by Grantor attributable to the Subject Interests and consisting of (A) rent and other consideration paid for the use or damage to the surface, (B) delay rentals, shut-in well payments, overriding royalties and other burdens on production, minimum royalties and similar payments paid pursuant to the provisions of agreements in force and effect before the Effective Time and (C) fees and expenses for renewals or extensions of the Leases included in the Subject Interests;

 

  (vi) amounts attributable to the Subject Interests and charged by the relevant operator as overhead charges specified in the applicable operating agreements or other arrangements now or hereafter covering the Subject Interests or Grantor’s operations with respect thereto;

 

  (vii) to the extent Grantor is the operator of a Subject Interest and there is no operating agreement covering such Subject Interest now or hereafter, those overhead charges that are allocated by Grantor to such Subject Interest, to the extent that such charges are allocated in the same manner that Grantor allocates to other similarly owned and operated properties;

 

  (viii) if as a result of the occurrence of the bankruptcy or insolvency or similar occurrence of the purchaser of Subject Minerals any amounts previously credited to the Net Profits Account are reclaimed from Grantor or its representative, then the amounts reclaimed as promptly as practicable following Grantor’s payment thereof;

 

  (ix) if Grantor shall be a party to any non-consent operations conducted with respect to all or any of the Subject Interests, all costs related to such non-consent operations to be debited to the Net Profits Account with respect thereto, if any, shall be governed by Section 4.3;

 

  (x) the costs paid by Grantor in connection with the exercise of its rights pursuant to Section 4.6;

 

  (xi) all costs paid by Grantor for recording this Conveyance and, immediately prior to the last Payment Period, costs estimated in good faith to record the termination and/or release of this Conveyance;

 

  (xii) all Administrative Hedge Costs paid by Grantor;

 

  (xiii)

all costs attributable to the Subject Interests associated with complying with tariffs and with federal policies related to the use of interstate pipeline capacity,

 

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  obtaining and maintaining any permits, licenses, franchises, drilling bonds, approvals and certificates from federal, state or local governmental authorities, and reporting obligations imposed by federal, state or local governmental authorities;

 

  (xiv) any amounts previously included in gross proceeds, if such amounts have subsequently been refunded or paid out as interest or a penalty;

 

  (xv) without duplication of the costs described elsewhere in this Section 3.1(b), all other direct costs paid by Grantor for the necessary or proper testing, drilling, completing, recompleting, workovers, equipping, plugging back, operating and producing Minerals from the Subject Wells and Subject Interests, and the plugging and abandoning of any unplugged Subject Wells located on the Subject Interests, abandoning of any facilities used in connection with the Subject Interests and, where applicable, restoring of the surface of the Subject Interests;

 

  (xvi) any Debit Balance carried forward pursuant to Section 3.2(c);

 

  (xvii) the aggregate Hedge Settlement Costs paid by Grantor; and

 

  (xviii) the amount of any increase in amounts included in the Reserve Account related to future development, maintenance or operation costs that have been approved by Grantor in writing;

provided that the costs referred to in this Section 3.1(b) shall be reduced by the following amounts received by Grantor from and after the Effective Time: (A) any amounts received by Grantor as delay rentals, bonus, royalty or other similar payments in connection with any Farmout Agreement or for dry hole, bottom hole or other similar contributions related to the Subject Interests or otherwise, (B) upon salvage or other disposition, the applicable actual salvage value (as determined in accordance with the applicable operating agreement then in effect and binding upon Grantor) of any Eligible Materials, less, in each instance the actual costs of salvage or other disposition, (C) any cash payments received by Grantor as a result of any pooling or unitization of the Subject Interests if the costs giving rise to such payments were charged to the Net Profits Account, directly or indirectly, (D) any insurance proceeds received by Grantor in respect of the Subject Interests, Subject Minerals or Eligible Materials if the cost of such insurance was charged to the Net Profits Account, directly or indirectly, (E) any amounts received by Grantor from third parties as rental or use fees for Eligible Materials, (F) the gross proceeds of any judgments or claims received by Grantor for damages occurring on or after the Effective Time to the Subject Interests (or any part thereof or interest therein) or any Materials (or any part thereof or interest therein) used in connection with the operation of the Subject Interests or any Subject Minerals, (G) any proceeds from the sale of Eligible Materials, (H) any payments made to Grantor in connection with the drilling or deferring of drilling of any Subject Well, (I) if, from and after the Effective Time, any Subject Minerals shall be Processed before sale, the excess, if any, of the Manufacturing Proceeds arising therefrom over the Manufacturing Costs of such Processing, (J) any interest, penalty or other amount not derived from the sale of the Subject Minerals that is paid to Grantor by the purchaser of production or escrow agent in connection with Possible Refundable Amounts withheld or deposited with an escrow agent, (K)

 

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the Hedge Settlement Revenues and (L) any amounts in the Reserve Account that are used to pay for any costs specified in clauses (i) through (xv) of this Section 3.1(b) (which amounts so used shall reduce the amount of the Reserve Account); provided , that in any Payment Period where the reduction in costs described in subparts (A) through (L) above exceeds the amounts described in Sections 3.1(b)(i) through (xviii) above for such Payment Period, then such excess, plus interest at the Money Market Interest Rate on such amount, commencing on the expiration date of the preceding Payment Period to the date such amounts have been used to reduce the costs referred to in this Section 3.1(b) shall not be applied to reduce the costs described in Sections 3.1(b)(i) through (xviii) below zero but instead shall be applied to reduce such costs in each succeeding Payment Period, subject to this limitation, until exhausted; provided , that if any portion of such excess remains on the Termination Date, such amount will be forfeited and Grantee will not be entitled to benefit from such amount, and provided, further that (1) during each 12-month period beginning on the Capital Expenditure Limitation Date, the sum of (x) the capital expenditures to be debited to the Net Profits Account and (y) the amounts debited to the Net Profits Accounts pursuant to Section 3.1(b)(xvi) may not exceed the Average Annual Capital Expenditure Amount, and (2) any amounts in the Reserve Account referred to in Section 3.1(b)(xviii) immediately preceding the Termination Date shall be credited to Net Profits Account as of the Termination Date.

(c) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the amounts debited to the Net Profits Account shall not include any of the following: (A) any amount that has also been used to reduce or offset the amount of the Subject Minerals (or proceeds of production thereof) or has otherwise not been included therein (including, by way of example and without limitation, proceeds attributable to royalties, overriding royalties, production payments and other charges burdening the Subject Interests at the Effective Time); (B) any overriding royalty, production payment or other charge burdening the Subject Interests which was created by Grantor after the Effective Time; (C) any general, administrative or overhead costs paid or incurred by Grantor or its Affiliates, except for those permitted under Sections 3.1(b)(vi) and (vii); (D) any amounts paid by Grantor (initial or a successor) to such Grantor’s predecessor in interest with respect to part or all of the Subject Interests (including without limitation any purchase price or other consideration paid by Grantor to such predecessor in interest to acquire all or part of the Subject Interests); and (E) any interest, premiums, fees or similar charges arising out of borrowings or purchases of any goods, equipment or other items on credit, whether or not used on or otherwise related to the Subject Interests.

(d) Nothing set forth in this Section 3.1 shall be interpreted or applied in any manner that shall ever require or permit any duplication of all or any part of any credit or debit (or reduction thereto) to the Net Profits Account with respect to the same transaction, item of expense or charge, under this Conveyance, or that shall ever require or permit any inclusion of any charge to the Net Profits Account that is reimbursed to Grantor by any Person.

(e) GRANTEE, BY ITS ACCEPTANCE OF THE NET PROFITS INTEREST, CLEARLY AND UNEQUIVOCALLY EXPRESSES ITS INTENT THAT THE DEBITS TO THE NET PROFITS ACCOUNT CONTAINED IN SECTION 3.1(b) SHALL BE APPLICABLE REGARDLESS OF WHETHER OR NOT THE LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES AND DAMAGES THAT MAY BE DEBITED IN ACCORDANCE WITH SUCH SECTION AROSE SOLELY OR IN PART FROM THE ACTIVE, PASSIVE OR

 

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CONCURRENT NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER FAULT OF GRANTOR OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES, OTHER THAN THE GROSS NEGLIGENCE OR WILLFUL MISCONDUCT OF GRANTOR OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES, EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT ANY SUCH LOSSES, COSTS, EXPENSES OR DAMAGES RESULT, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, FROM ANY BREACH OR NONCOMPLIANCE WITH THE OPERATIONS STANDARD SET FORTH IN SECTION 4.1 HEREOF, AND NOTHING CONTAINED HEREIN OR ELSEWHERE IN THIS CONVEYANCE SHALL BE CONSTRUED AS A WAIVER OR RELEASE OF GRANTOR FROM ANY CLAIM, ACTION OR LIABILITY ARISING UNDER SECTION 4.1 HEREOF.

3.2 Accounting .

(a) After the end of each Payment Period, a calculation of net profits shall be made by Grantor by deducting (i) the total debits (net of reductions thereof) properly made to the Net Profits Account during such Payment Period pursuant to Section 3.1(b) from (ii) the total credits properly made to such Net Profits Account during such Payment Period pursuant to Section 3.1(a).

(b) If the computation made in accordance with Section 3.2(a) results in a positive amount with respect to a Payment Period (the “ Net Profits ”), then (i) the Net Profits shall be subtracted from the balance of the Net Profits Account to cause the Net Profits Account to have a zero balance immediately following the end of such Payment Period, (ii) the Net Profits shall be multiplied by the Proceeds Percentage to determine the Net Profits Interest and (iii) the resulting product from the calculations in (ii) above shall be payable to Grantee as specified in Section 3.3.

(c) If the computation made in accordance with Section 3.2(a) results in a negative amount with respect to a Payment Period, the negative sum shall be deemed the “ Debit Balance .” Any Debit Balance shall be carried forward as a debit to the Net Profits Account for the following Payment Period. If there is a Debit Balance at the end of any Payment Period, no payments shall be made to Grantee in respect of the Net Profits Interest nor shall Grantee ever be liable to make any payment to Grantor in respect of the Debit Balance. In the event that any Debit Balance exists, then an amount shall be computed equal to interest on such Debit Balance at the Money Market Interest Rate for the period between the last day of the Payment Period that resulted in such Debit Balance and the last day of the next Payment Period, which amount shall, on the last day of such next Payment Period, be debited to the Net Profits Account in the same manner as other debits to the Net Profits Account for such Payment Period.

(d) All amounts received by Grantor from the sale of the Subject Minerals for any Payment Period shall be held by Grantor in one of its general bank accounts and Grantor shall not be required to maintain a segregated account for such funds.

3.3 Payment of Proceeds Percentage of Net Profits . On or before the tenth day (or, if such day is not a Business Day, the next Business Day) following the Quarterly Record Date for each Payment Period, Grantor shall transfer or cause to be transferred to Grantee an amount in respect of the Subject Interests equal to the product of the Proceeds Percentage times the Net Profits with respect to such Payment Period in accordance with Section 3.2(b). All funds

 

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delivered to Grantee on account of the Net Profits Interest shall be calculated and paid entirely and exclusively out of the gross proceeds attributable to the Subject Interests.

3.4 Overpayment; Past Due Payments .

(a) If Grantor ever pays Grantee more than the amount of money then due and payable to Grantee under this Conveyance, Grantee shall not be obligated to return the overpayment, but Grantor may, subject to the next sentence, reduce the gross proceeds used to calculate the Net Profits and retain for its own account an amount equal to the overpayment, plus interest at the Money Market Interest Rate on such amount, commencing on the sixth (6th) day from the date of the overpayment to the date such amount is recovered by Grantor from such proceeds. In order to exercise its rights under this Section 3.4, Grantor must notify Grantee in writing, together with supporting worksheets and data, within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which the quarterly statement (as required by Section 3.5(a)) containing such overpayment relates.

(b) Any amount not paid by Grantor to Grantee with respect to the Net Profits Interest when due shall bear, and Grantor hereby agrees to pay, interest at the Money Market Interest Rate from the due date until such amount has been paid.

(c) Within 45 days after discovering an underpayment, Grantor shall give Grantee written notice with respect to any underpayment described in this Section 3.4(b), together with supporting worksheets and data.

3.5 Statements .

(a) On or before each Quarterly Record Date, Grantor shall deliver to Grantee a statement showing the computation of the Net Profits and the Proceeds Percentage of the Net Profits, including gross proceeds and debits therefrom (including any reductions to such gross proceeds and/or debits), with respect to the preceding Payment Period.

(b) On or before the first Quarterly Record Date after the end of each calendar year and on or before the Quarterly Record Date after the Termination Date, such statement shall also show the computation of the Net Profits and the Proceeds Percentage of the Net Profits, including gross proceeds and debits therefrom (including any reductions to such gross proceeds and/or debits), for the preceding calendar year (or portion thereof when the Net Profits Interest was in effect).

(c) If Grantee takes exception to any item or items included in any quarterly statement required by Section 3.5(a), Grantee must notify Grantor in writing within one hundred and twenty (120) days after the end of the fiscal year with respect to which such statements relate. Such notice must set forth in reasonable detail the specific debits complained of and to which exception is taken or the specific credits which should have been made and allowed. Adjustments shall be made for all complaints and exceptions that are agreed to by the parties; provided that if the parties do not agree, such disputed matters shall be subject to the arbitration provisions set forth in Article XI of the Trust Agreement.

 

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(d) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, all matters reflected in Grantor’s statements for the preceding calendar year (or portion thereof) that are not objected to by Grantee in the manner provided by this Section 3.5(c) shall be deemed correct as rendered by Grantor to Grantee.

3.6 Information/Access .

(a) Grantor shall maintain true and correct books, records, and accounts of (i) all transactions required or permitted by this Conveyance and (ii) the financial information necessary to reflect such transactions, including the financial information needed to calculate the Net Profits with respect to any Payment Period.

(b) Grantee or its representative, at the Trust’s expense, may inspect and copy such books, records, and accounts, and such other documents, contracts and information as may be reasonably requested by the Trustee, in the offices of Grantor during normal business hours and upon reasonable notice.

(c) At Grantee’s request, subject to applicable restrictions on disclosure and transfer of information, Grantor shall give Grantee and its designated representatives (on behalf of the Trust) reasonable access in Grantor’s office during normal business hours to (i) all geological, Subject Well and production data in Grantor’s possession or Grantor’s Affiliates’ possession, relating to operations on the Subject Interests and (ii) all reserve reports and reserve studies in the possession of Grantor or of Grantor’s Affiliates, relating to the Subject Interests, whether prepared by Grantor, by Grantor’s Affiliates, or by consulting engineers.

(d) Grantor makes no representations or warranties about the accuracy or completeness of any such data, reports, or studies referred to in Section 3.6(c) and shall have no liability to Grantee, the Trust or any other Person resulting from such data, studies, or reports.

ARTICLE IV

OPERATION OF THE SUBJECT INTERESTS

4.1 Operations Standard . To the extent that Grantor controls such matters and notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, with respect to each Subject Interest, Grantor agrees that it will conduct and carry on, or use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the operator thereof to conduct and carry on, the maintenance and operation of such Subject Interest in the same manner as a reasonably prudent operator in the State in which such Subject Interest is located would under the same or similar circumstances acting with respect to its own properties (without regard to the existence of the Net Profits Interest). Grantee acknowledges that Grantor is and shall be an undivided interest owner with respect to the Subject Interests. Grantee agrees that the acts or omissions of Grantor’s co-owners shall not be deemed to constitute a violation of the provisions of this Section 4.1, nor shall any action required by a vote of co-owners be deemed to constitute such a violation so long as Grantor has voted its interest in a manner designed to comply with this Section 4.1. Nothing contained in this Section 4.1 shall be deemed to prevent or restrict Grantor from electing not to participate in any operations that are to be conducted under the terms of any operating agreement, unit operating agreement, contract for development, or similar instrument affecting or pertaining to the Subject Interests (or

 

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any portion thereof) and permitting consenting parties to conduct non-consent operations thereon if a reasonably prudent operator in the State in which the Subject Interest affected thereby is located acting with respect to its own properties (without regard to the existence of the Net Profits Interest) would make such elections.

4.2 Pooling and Unitization . Grantor shall have the right to pool or unitize all or any of the Leases as to any one or more of the formations or horizons thereunder, and as to any of the Subject Minerals, when, in the reasonable judgment of Grantor, it is necessary or advisable to do so in order to form a drilling or proration unit to facilitate the orderly development of the Subject Interests or to comply with the requirements of any law or governmental order or regulation relating to the spacing of wells or proration of the production therefrom. For purposes of computing the Net Profits, there shall be allocated to the Subject Interests included in such unit a pro rata portion of the Minerals produced from the pooled unit on the same basis that production from the pool or unit is allocated to other working interests in such pool or unit. The interest in any such unit attributable to the Subject Interests (or any part thereof) included therein shall become a part of the Subject Interests and shall be subject to the Net Profits Interest in the same manner and with the same effect as if such unit and the interest of Grantor therein were specifically described in Exhibit A to this Conveyance.

4.3 Non-Consent . Subject to Section 4.1, if Grantor elects to be a non-participating party (whether pursuant to an operating agreement or other agreement or arrangement, including without limitation, non-consent rights and obligations imposed by statute or regulatory agency) with respect to any operation on any Subject Interest or elects to be an abandoning party with respect to a Subject Well located on any Subject Interest, the consequence of which election is that Grantor’s interest in such Subject Interest or part thereof is temporarily (i.e., during a recoupment period) or permanently forfeited to the parties participating in such operations, or electing not to abandon such Subject Well, then the costs and proceeds attributable to such forfeited interest shall not, for the period of such forfeiture (which may be a continuous and permanent period), be debited or credited to the Net Profits Account and such forfeited interest shall not, for the period of such forfeiture, be subject to the Net Profits Interest. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, Grantor shall not elect, as to any Subject Interest, to be a non-participating party with respect to any operation contemplated in this Section 4.3 in the event any Affiliate of Grantor will also be a participating party in such operation.

4.4 Marketing/Hedges . As between Grantor and Grantee, Grantor shall have exclusive charge and control of the marketing of all Subject Minerals. Grantor shall market, or cause to be marketed, the Subject Minerals allocable to the Net Profits Interest in the same manner that it markets its Subject Minerals and Grantor shall not be entitled to deduct from the calculation of the Net Profits any fee for marketing the Subject Minerals allocable to the Net Profits Interest other than fees for marketing paid to non-Affiliates. Grantor shall not enter into any Hedges (other than the Existing Hedges) with respect to the Subject Minerals from and after the Effective Time or modify or terminate the Existing Hedges.

4.5 Amendment of Leases . Grantor shall have the unrestricted right to renew, extend, modify, amend, or supplement the Leases with respect to any of the lands covered thereby in any particular without the consent of Grantee; provided , that the Net Profits Interest shall apply to all renewals, extensions, modifications, amendment, supplements and other similar

 

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arrangements (and/or interests therein) of the Leases, whether or not such renewals, extensions modifications, amendment, supplements or arrangements have heretofore been obtained, or are hereafter obtained, by Grantor and no renewal, extension, modification, amendment, or supplementation shall adversely affect any of Grantee’s rights hereunder, including, without limitation, the amount, computation, or method of payment of the Net Profits Interest; provided further that any fees payable with respect to such renewal, extension, modification, amendment or supplementation may be debited to the Net Profits Account pursuant to Section 3.1(b). Grantor shall furnish Grantee with written notice of any renewal, extension, modification, amendment, or supplementation, which materially affects the Net Profits Interest, within 30 days after Grantor has entered into the same, which notice shall specify the date thereof and the location and the acreage covered thereby.

4.6 Abandonment . Grantor shall have the right without the joinder of Grantee to release, surrender and/or abandon its interest in the Subject Interests, or any part thereof, or interest therein even though the effect of such release, surrender or abandonment will be to release, surrender or abandon the Net Profits Interest the same as though Grantee had joined therein insofar as the Net Profits Interest covers the Subject Interests, or any part thereof or interest therein, so released, surrendered or abandoned by Grantor; provided , however, that Grantor shall not release, surrender or abandon any Subject Interest unless and until Grantor has determined (acting like a reasonably prudent operator in the State in which such Subject Interests are located with respect to its own properties, without regard to the existence of the Net Profits Interest) that such Subject Interest will no longer produce Subject Minerals in commercially paying quantities; and provided further that Grantor will promptly after the release, surrender or abandonment of any Subject Interest, or any part thereof or interest therein, notify Grantee in writing, giving a description of such Subject Interest, or part thereof or interest therein, that has been released, surrendered or abandoned, and the date on which such release, surrender or abandonment has occurred. Grantor shall have an unequivocal right to abandon a Subject Interest, or any part thereof if such abandonment is necessary for health, safety or environmental reasons, or the Subject Minerals that would have been produced from the abandoned Subject Interest would otherwise be produced from Subject Wells located on the remaining Subject Interests.

4.7 Contracts with Affiliates . Grantor or its Affiliates may perform services and furnish supplies and/or equipment with respect to the Subject Interests that are required to operate the Subject Interests in accordance with the operations standard set forth in Section 4.1 hereof and, except for any fees for marketing the Subject Interests, debit the Net Profits Account for the costs of such services and/or furnishing of such supplies and/or equipment, provided that the terms of the provision of such services or furnishing of supplies and/or equipment shall not be less favorable than those terms available from non-Affiliates in the same area as such Subject Interests that are engaged in the business of rendering comparable services or furnishing comparable equipment and supplies, taking into consideration all such terms, including the price, term, condition of supplies or equipment, availability of supplies and/or equipment, and all other terms.

 

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ARTICLE V

RELEASES AND TRANSFERS OF SUBJECT INTERESTS/SUBJECT WELLS

5.1 Sale and Release of Properties .

(a) Grantor may from time to time Transfer the Subject Interests, or any part thereof or undivided interest therein, free of the Net Profits Interest and this Conveyance, provided that:

 

  (i) no Subject Interest or portion thereof may be Transferred pursuant to this Section 5.1 where the production of Subject Minerals from such Subject Interest or part thereof for the twelve (12) months immediately preceding the proposed sale date for such Subject Interest or part thereof exceeds one quarter of one percent (0.25%) of the total production of total Subject Minerals produced from all of the Subject Interests for the twelve (12) months immediately preceding the proposed sale date for such Subject Interest or part thereof;

 

  (ii) in connection with any such Transfer, Grantee shall receive as compensation for the release of its Net Profits Interest in the Subject Interest (or portion thereof) so Transferred the Fair Value of the portion of the Net Profits Interest so released; and;

 

  (iii) the aggregate fair market value of all portions of the Net Profits Interest released pursuant to Section 5.1(a) during any consecutive twelve (12) month period shall not exceed $1,000,000.

(b) Grantor shall make such payment described in Section 5.1(a)(ii) to Grantee on or before the Quarterly Record Date for the payment period in which the Grantor receives the payment with respect to any such Transfer of the Subject Interest.

(c) In connection with any Transfer provided for in this Section 5.1, Grantee shall, on request, immediately prior to any such Transfer, execute, acknowledge, and deliver to Grantor a recordable instrument (reasonably acceptable to Grantor) that reconveys the Net Profits Interest with respect to the Subject Interests being Transferred to Grantor.

(d) From and after the actual date of any such Transfer by Grantor, Grantor and any assignee, purchaser, transferee or grantee of such Subject Interest shall be relieved of all obligations, requirements, and responsibilities arising under the Net Profits Interest or this Conveyance with respect to the Subject Interests Transferred, except for those that accrued prior to such date.

(e) The Grantee shall be entitled to rely on a certificate from Grantor regarding the Fair Value of Subject Interests transferred pursuant to Section 5.1.

5.2 Release of Other Properties .

(a) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in the event that any Person notifies Grantor that, pursuant to a Prior Reversionary Interest, Grantor is required to convey any of the Subject Interests to such Person or cease production from any Subject Well, Grantor may

 

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provide such conveyance with respect to such Subject Interest or permanently cease production from any such Subject Well.

(b) Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in the event that Grantor receives compensation pursuant to any Prior Reversionary Interest Grantee shall not be entitled to any share of such compensation.

(c) In connection with any conveyance or permanent cessation of production provided for in Section 5.2(a) above, Grantee shall, on request, immediately prior to such event, execute, acknowledge, and deliver to Grantor a recordable instrument (reasonably acceptable to Grantor) that reconveys the Net Profits Interest with respect to any such Subject Well or Subject Interests to Grantor.

(d) From and after the actual date of any conveyance or permanent cessation of production provided for in Section 5.2(a), Grantor and any assignee, purchaser, transferee or grantee of such Subject Interest shall be relieved of all obligations, requirements, and responsibilities arising under the Net Profits Interest or this Conveyance with respect to the Subject Interests Transferred (and no credits or debits shall be made to the Net Profits Account therefor), except for those that accrued prior to such date.

5.3 Farmouts .

(a) Grantor may from time to time enter into Farmout Agreements with third parties with respect to a Subject Interest. In the event that Grantor enters into any Farmout Agreement with a third party, the Net Profits Interest and this Conveyance shall burden the retained interest in the Subject Interest after giving effect to any interest in the Subject Interest that a counterparty to the Farmout Agreement may earn under such Farmout Agreement.

(b) In connection with Grantor entering into any Farmout Agreement, Grantee shall, upon request, execute, acknowledge, and deliver to Grantor a recordable instrument (reasonably acceptable to Grantor) that reconveys the Net Profits Interest and this Conveyance with respect to the Subject Interests being Transferred pursuant to such Farmout Agreement.

ARTICLE VI

OWNERSHIP OF PROPERTY; LIABILITY OF GRANTEE; NO RIGHT OF

OPERATIONS BY GRANTEE

6.1 Ownership of Certain Property . The Net Profits Interest does not include any right, title, or interest in and to any personal property, fixtures, or equipment and is exclusively an interest in and to the Subject Leases and the Subject Minerals in and under and produced and saved from the Subject Interests, and Grantee shall look solely to the Subject Minerals and payments in respect thereof (as provided herein) for the satisfaction and realization of the Net Profits Interest.

6.2 No Personal Liability . NOTWITHSTANDING ANYTHING TO THE CONTRARY CONTAINED IN THIS CONVEYANCE, GRANTEE SHALL NEVER PERSONALLY BE RESPONSIBLE FOR PAYMENT OF ANY PART OF THE COSTS, EXPENSES OR LIABILITIES INCURRED IN CONNECTION WITH THE EXPLORING,

 

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DEVELOPING, OPERATING AND MAINTAINING OF THE SUBJECT INTERESTS; PROVIDED , HOWEVER, ALL SUCH COSTS AND EXPENSES SHALL, TO THE EXTENT THE SAME RELATE TO ACTS, OMISSIONS, EVENTS, CONDITIONS OR CIRCUMSTANCES OCCURRING FROM AND AFTER THE EFFECTIVE TIME, NEVERTHELESS BE CHARGED AGAINST THE NET PROFITS ACCOUNT AS AND TO THE EXTENT HEREIN PERMITTED.

6.3 No In-Kind Rights . Grantee shall have no right to take in kind any Subject Minerals allocable to the Net Profits Interest.

6.4 No Operating Rights . IT IS THE EXPRESS INTENT OF GRANTOR AND GRANTEE THAT THE NET PROFITS INTEREST SHALL CONSTITUTE (AND THIS CONVEYANCE SHALL CONCLUSIVELY BE CONSTRUED FOR ALL PURPOSES AS CREATING) A SINGLE, SEPARATE NON-OPERATING NET PROFITS INTEREST IN AND TO THE SUBJECT LEASES AND MINERALS IN AND UNDER AND PRODUCED AND SAVED FROM THE SUBJECT INTERESTS DURING THE NET PROFITS PERIOD FOR ALL PURPOSES AND A FULLY VESTED AND FULLY CONVEYED INTEREST IN PROPERTY. WITHOUT LIMITATION OF THE GENERALITY OF THE IMMEDIATELY PRECEDING SENTENCE, GRANTOR AND GRANTEE ACKNOWLEDGE THAT GRANTEE HAS NO RIGHT OR POWER TO PARTICIPATE IN THE SELECTION OF A DRILLING CONTRACTOR, TO PROPOSE THE DRILLING OF A WELL, TO DETERMINE THE TIMING OR SEQUENCE OF DRILLING OPERATIONS, TO COMMENCE OR SHUT DOWN PRODUCTION, TO TAKE OVER OPERATIONS, OR TO SHARE IN ANY OPERATING DECISION WHATSOEVER OR IN ANY DECISION PERTAINING TO THE MARKETING AND SALE OF PRODUCTION WHATSOEVER. GRANTOR AND GRANTEE HEREBY EXPRESSLY NEGATE ANY INTENT TO CREATE (AND THIS CONVEYANCE SHALL NEVER BE CONSTRUED AS CREATING) A MINING OR OTHER PARTNERSHIP OR JOINT VENTURE OR OTHER RELATIONSHIP SUBJECTING GRANTOR AND GRANTEE TO JOINT LIABILITY.

ARTICLE VII

WARRANTY AND NEGATIVE COVENANT

7.1 Warranty . Grantor agrees to warrant and forever defend, all and singular, the Net Profits Interest unto Grantee, its successors and assigns, against all persons whomsoever claiming or to claim the same, or any part thereof, by, through or under Grantor, but not otherwise, subject to the Permitted Encumbrances. Subject to the Net Profits Interest and the Permitted Encumbrances, Grantor further warrants to Grantee that with respect to claims made by, through or under Grantor or its Affiliates, immediately prior to the transfer made pursuant to this Conveyance, with respect to each Subject Well or Subject Lease set forth in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement, Grantor is (i) entitled to receive not less than the percentage set forth in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement hereto as the “Net Revenue Interest” of all Minerals produced, saved and sold from such Subject Well or Subject Lease to which such Net Revenue Interest corresponds without reduction of such interest throughout the duration of the life of such Subject Well or Subject Lease except as specifically set forth in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement, and (ii) obligated to bear the percentage of the costs and expenses relating to the maintenance, development and operation of such Subject Well or Subject Lease not greater than

 

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the “Working Interest” shown in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement with respect to such Subject Well or Subject Lease, without increase throughout the duration of the life of such Subject Well or Subject Lease, as applicable, except as specifically set forth in Exhibit B to the Supplemental Agreement. Grantor also hereby transfers to Grantee by way of substitution and subrogation (to the fullest extent that same may be transferred), all rights or actions over and against all predecessors (other than Affiliates of Grantor), covenantors or warrantors of title.

7.2 Senior Obligation . Grantor and Grantee acknowledge and agree that the Net Profits Interest is intended to be a real property conveyance and, as such, each agreement, indenture, bond, deed of trust, filing, application or other instrument that creates or purports to create a lien, mortgage, security interest or other charge secured by the Subject Interests, Subject Minerals or the proceeds from the sale of the Subject Minerals or the Existing Hedges that is entered into on or after the date hereof shall be subject to the Net Profits Interest and the Net Profits Interest shall be senior in right of payment and collection to any and all obligations created thereby in respect of the Subject Interests, Subject Minerals or the proceeds from the sale of the Subject Minerals or the Existing Hedges; provided, however, that this Section 7.2 shall not apply to any agreement, indenture, bond, deed of trust, filing, application or other instrument that creates a lien, mortgage, security interest or other charge secured by not more than Grantor’s residual interest in the Subject Interests, Subject Minerals or the proceeds from the sale of the Subject Minerals, (in each case) subject and subordinate to the Net Profits Interest (and the Net Profits Interest shall not be burdened or encumbered by any such lien, mortgage, security interest or other charge).

ARTICLE VIII

ASSIGNMENT OF PRE-EFFECTIVE TIME PAYMENT

For and in consideration of Ten and No/100 Dollars ($10.00) and other good and valuable consideration (including the issuance by Grantee to Grantor of the Trust Units identified in Article I) to Grantor paid by Grantee, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged by Grantor, Grantor hereby GRANTS, BARGAINS, SELLS, CONVEYS, TRANSFERS, ASSIGNS, SETS OVER AND DELIVERS unto Grantee, effective as of the Effective Time, an amount, payable by wire transfer of immediately available funds on or before the tenth day (or, if such day is not a Business Day, the next Business Day) following the Quarterly Record Date for the initial Payment Period, equal to the product of the Proceeds Percentage times the Net Profits that would have been payable by Grantor to Grantee pursuant to the terms of the Net Profits Interest calculated by reference to the production of the Subject Interests for the Production Period Prior to the Effective Time as if the Net Profits Interest had been in existence and this Conveyance been dated and in effect as of January 1, 2012 (the “ Pre-Effective Time Payment ) . In no event shall any item of gross proceeds, cost, revenue or other amount used in determining the Pre-Effective Time Payment be duplicated with any such item of gross proceeds, cost, revenue or other amount pursuant to the calculation of the Net Profits Interest.

 

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ARTICLE IX

MISCELLANEOUS

9.1 Notices . All notices and other communications required or permitted under this Conveyance shall be in writing and, unless otherwise specifically provided, shall be delivered personally, by electronic transmission, by registered or certified mail, postage prepaid, or by delivery service for which a receipt is obtained (except for quarterly statements provided for under Section 3.5 above which may be sent by regular mail), to the respective addresses of Grantor and Grantee shown below, and shall be deemed delivered on the date of receipt. Either party may specify his proper address or any other post office address within the continental limits of the United States by giving notice to the other party, in the manner provided in this Section, at least fifteen (15) days prior to the effective date of such change of address. For purposes of notice, the addresses of Grantor and Grantee shall be as follows:

 

If to Grantor:   

Whiting Oil & Gas Corporation

1700 Broadway, Suite 2300

Denver, Colorado 80290-2300

Attention: Chief Financial Officer

     
If to Grantee:   

The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A.

919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500

Austin, Texas 78701

Attention: Michael J. Ulrich

     

9.2 Payments . Grantor shall transfer or cause to be transferred all monies to which Grantee is entitled hereunder by Federal funds wire transfer not later than the date when due, to Grantee at the bank account specified by Grantee in writing to Grantor.

9.3 Amendments . This Conveyance may not be amended, altered, or modified except pursuant to a written instrument executed by Grantor and Grantee.

9.4 Further Assurances . Grantor and Grantee shall from time to time do and perform such further acts and execute and deliver such further instruments, conveyances, and documents as may be required or reasonably requested by the other party to establish, maintain, or protect the respective rights and remedies of Grantor and Grantee and to carry out and effectuate the intentions and purposes of this Conveyance, provided in each case the same does not conflict with any provision of this Conveyance.

9.5 Waivers . The failure of Grantor or Grantee to insist upon strict performance of any provision hereof shall not constitute a waiver of or estoppel against asserting the right to require such performance in the future, nor shall a waiver or estoppel in any one instance constitute a waiver or estoppel with respect to a later breach of a similar nature or otherwise.

9.6 No Partition . Grantor and Grantee acknowledge that Grantee has no right or interest that would permit Grantee to partition any portion of the Subject Interests, and Grantee hereby waives any such right.

 

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9.7 Governing Law . THIS CONVEYANCE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF COLORADO EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THE PROPERTY LAWS OF THE STATE IN WHICH THE SUBJECT INTERESTS ARE LOCATED ARE APPLICABLE.

9.8 Rule Against Perpetuities . It is not the intent of Grantor or Grantee that any provision herein violate any applicable law regarding the rule against perpetuities, the suspension of the absolute power of alienation, or other rules regarding the vesting or duration of estates, and this Conveyance shall be construed as not violating any such applicable law to the extent the same can be so construed consistent with the intent of the parties. In the event, however, that any provision hereof is determined to violate any such applicable law, then such provision shall nevertheless be effective for the maximum period (but not longer than the maximum period) permitted by any such applicable law that will result in no violation. To the extent such maximum period is permitted to be determined by reference to “lives in being”, Grantor and Grantee agree that “lives in being” shall refer to the lifetime of the last to die of the now living lineal descendants of the late Joseph P. Kennedy (father of the late President of the United States of America).

9.9 Tax Matters .

(a) Nothing herein contained shall be construed to constitute a partnership or to cause either party hereto (under state law or for tax purposes) to be treated as being the agent of, or in partnership with, the other party. In addition, the parties hereto intend that the Net Profits Interest conveyed hereby to Grantee shall at all times be treated as (i) an incorporeal (i.e., a non-possessory) interest in real property or land under the laws of the state in which the Subject Interests are located, and (ii) a production payment under Section 636 of the Code, and therefore, for tax purposes, debt, payable out of net profits from the production of Subject Minerals (rather than as a working or any other interest). The parties hereto intend that the Pre-Effective Time Payment conveyed hereby to Grantee shall at all times be treated for United States federal income tax purposes as a payment obligation of Grantor separate and apart from the Net Profits Interest.

(b) Grantor and Grantee agree, and by acquisition of an interest in Grantee each holder of an interest in Grantee shall be deemed to have agreed, for United States federal income tax purposes, (1) to treat the Net Profits Interest as indebtedness that is subject to Treasury Regulations Section 1.1275-4 (the “ Contingent Debt Regulations ”) and, for purposes of the Contingent Debt Regulations, to treat payments received with respect to the Net Profits Interest as contingent payments, and (2) to accrue interest with respect to the Net Profits Interest according to the “noncontingent bond method” set forth in Treasury Regulations Section 1.1275-4(b), using the comparable yield of 9.0% per annum compounded semi-annually.

(c) Grantor and Grantee acknowledge and agree, and by acquisition of an interest in Grantee each holder of an interest in Grantee shall be deemed to have agreed, that (i) the comparable yield and the schedule of projected payments are not determined for any purpose other than for the determination of interest accruals and adjustments thereof in respect of the Net Profits Interest for United States federal income tax purposes and (ii) the comparable yield and

 

27


the schedule of projected payments do not constitute a projection or representation regarding the amounts payable on the Net Profits Interest.

(d) Grantor may cause to be withheld from any payment hereunder any tax withholding required by law or regulations, including, in the case of any withholding obligation arising from income that does not give rise to any cash or property from which any applicable withholding tax could be satisfied, by way of set off against any subsequent payment of cash or property hereunder.

9.10 Counterparts; Termination .

(a) Multiple counterparts of this Conveyance have been recorded in the counties of the States of Arkansas, Colorado, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Texas and Wyoming where the Subject Interests are located. The counterparts are identical except that, to facilitate recordation, the counterpart recorded in each county may contain property descriptions relating only to the Subject Interests located in that county. A counterpart of this Conveyance containing all property descriptions of Subject Interests will be maintained in the offices of the Grantor.

(b) If any Subject Interests are located in more than one county, the description of such Subject Interests may be included in any one or more counterparts prepared for recordation in separate counties, but the inclusion of the same property description in more than one counterpart of this Conveyance shall not be construed as having effected any cumulative, multiple, or overlapping interest in the Subject Interests in question.

(c) On the Termination Date, Grantee shall, on request, execute, acknowledge, and deliver to Grantor a recordable instrument (reasonably acceptable to Grantor) that terminates and releases the Net Profits Interest with respect to the Subject Interests.

9.11 Binding Effect . All the covenants and agreements of Grantor herein contained shall be deemed to be covenants running with Grantor’s interest in the Subject Interests and the lands affected thereby. All of the provisions hereof shall inure to the benefit of Grantee and its successors and assigns and shall be binding upon Grantor and its successors and assigns and all other owners of the Subject Interests or any part thereof or any interest therein.

 

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EXECUTED effective for all purposes as of the Effective Time.

 

      GRANTOR:  

ATTEST:

     

WHITING OIL AND GAS CORPORATION

By:       By:  
Name:       Name:  
Title:       Title:  
       
      GRANTEE:  
      WHITING USA TRUST II  
     

By its Trustee, The Bank of New York Mellon

Trust Company, N.A.

      By:  
     

Name:

 
     

Title:

 

 

This Conveyance was drafted by John K. Wilson from the law firm of Foley & Lardner LLP, located at 777 E. Wisconsin Avenue, Milwaukee, WI 53202, phone number (414) 297-2400.

 

 

 

Signature Page to Conveyance of Net Profits Interest


STATE OF    §      
   §      
COUNTY OF    §      

BE IT REMEMBERED, THAT I, the undersigned authority, a notary public duly qualified, commissioned, sworn and acting in and for the county and state aforesaid, and being authorized in such county and state to take acknowledgments, hereby certify that, on this              day of                     , 2011, there personally appeared before me                     , the                      of Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, a Delaware corporation, known to me to be such officer, such corporation being a party to the foregoing instrument and duly acknowledged the execution of same.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and official seal in the City of                     ,                      County,                     , on the day and year first above written.

 

             

Notary Public in and for

the State of

Printed Name of Notary:

Commission Expires:

   

 

 

 

Acknowledgement Page to Conveyance of Net Profits Interest


STATE OF    §      
   §      
COUNTY OF    §      

BE IT REMEMBERED, THAT I, the undersigned authority, a notary public duly qualified, commissioned, sworn and acting in and for the county and state aforesaid, and being authorized in such county and state to take acknowledgments, hereby certify that, on this              day of                     , 2011, there personally appeared before me                     ,                      of The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as trustee of Whiting USA Trust II, known to me to be such officer of such trustee being a party to the foregoing instrument and duly acknowledged the execution of same.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand and official seal in the City of                     ,                      County,                     , on the day and year first above written.

 

             

Notary Public in and for

the State of

Printed Name of Notary:

Commission Expires:

   

 

Acknowledgement Page to Conveyance of Net Profits Interest


EXHIBIT A

 

Exhibit A - Page 1

Exhibit 10.2

ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AGREEMENT

This ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is dated as of             , 2012 by and between Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, a Delaware corporation, (the “ Company ”), and Whiting USA Trust II, a statutory trust formed under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “ Trust ”).

WHEREAS, pursuant to a Conveyance of Term Net Profits Interest of even date herewith (the “ Conveyance ”), the Company has conveyed to the Trust a net profits interest in certain oil and gas properties (the “ Net Profits Interest ”);

WHEREAS, in connection with the conveyance of the Net Profits Interest, the Company has agreed to provide certain administrative services for the Trust in exchange for an administrative services fee as described herein.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants hereinafter contained and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, and intended to be legally bound hereby, it is agreed as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

Section 1.01 Definitions . As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the respective meanings set forth below or set forth in the Sections referred to below:

Administrative Services Fee ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.01 .

Affiliate ” means with respect to a specified person, any person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the specified person. As used in this definition, the term “control” (and the correlative terms “controlling,” “controlled by,” and “under common control”) shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.

Business Day ” means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York or Denver, Colorado are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

Company ” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.

Conveyance ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.

External Expenses ” means the actual out-of-pocket fees, costs and expenses incurred by the Company in connection with the provision of the Services.


Force Majeure ” shall mean any cause beyond the reasonable control of the Company, including the following causes: acts of God, strikes, lockouts, acts of the public enemy, wars or warlike action (whether actual or impending), arrests and other restraints of government (civil or military), blockades, embargoes, insurrections, riots, epidemics, landslides, lightning, earthquakes, fires, sabotage, tornadoes, named tropical storms and hurricanes, and floods, civil disturbances, terrorism, mechanical breakdown of machinery or equipment, explosions, confiscation or seizure by any government or other public authority, any order of any court of competent jurisdiction, regulatory agency or governmental body having jurisdiction.

Net Profits Interest ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.

person ” shall mean any individual, partnership, limited liability company, corporation, trust, unincorporated association, governmental agency, subdivision, or instrumentality, or other entity or association.

Services ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.01 .

Termination Date ” has the meaning assigned to such term in the Conveyance.

Trust ” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph.

Trust Agreement ” means that certain Amended and Restated Trust Agreement of even date herewith among the Company, the Trustee and Wilmington Trust Company, as the same may be amended from time to time.

Trustee ” means The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A..

Section 1.02 Construction . Unless the context requires otherwise: (a) any pronoun used in this Agreement shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine or neuter forms, and the singular form of nouns, pronouns and verbs shall include the plural and vice versa; (b) references to Articles and Sections refer to Articles and Sections of this Agreement; (c) the terms “include,” “includes,” “including” or words of like import shall be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation;” and (d) the terms “hereof,” “herein” or “hereunder” refer to this Agreement as a whole and not to any particular provision of this Agreement. The headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only, and shall not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement.

ARTICLE II

SERVICES

Section 2.01 Services . Subject to the terms of this Agreement and in exchange for the payment described in Section 3.01 , the Company hereby agrees to provide the Trust with such accounting, bookkeeping and informational services as are necessary for the Trust and the Trustee to comply with the Trust Agreement and Article III of the Conveyance and such other administrative services of similar character and scope to the foregoing that the Trustee may reasonably request the Company to provide during the term of this Agreement, including, without limitation, such services necessary for the preparation of reports the Trust is or may be required to prepare pursuant to applicable tax and securities law, including, without limitation, reserve reports (the “ Services ”).

 

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Section 2.02 Performance of Services by Others . The parties hereby agree that in discharging the Company’s obligations under this Agreement, the Company may, in its sole discretion, engage any other person, including its Affiliates, to perform the Services (or any part of the Services) on its behalf and that the performance of the Services (or any part of the Services) by any such person shall be treated as if the Company performed such Services itself. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing contained herein shall relieve the Company of its obligations hereunder.

Section 2.03 Intellectual Property . Any (i) inventions, whether patentable or not, developed or invented, or (ii) copyrightable material (and the intangible rights of copyright therein) developed, in each case by the Company, its Affiliates or its or their employees in connection with the performance of the Services shall be the property of the Company; provided, however , that the Trust shall be granted an irrevocable, royalty-free, non-exclusive and non-transferable right and license to use such inventions or material; and provided further, however , that the Trust shall only be granted such a right and license to the extent such grant does not conflict with, or result in a breach, default, or violation of a right or license to use such inventions or material granted to the Company by any person other than an Affiliate of the Company. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company will use all commercially reasonable efforts to grant such right and license to the Trust.

Section 2.04 Independent Status . It is expressly acknowledged by the parties hereto that each party is an “independent contractor” and nothing in this Agreement is intended nor shall be construed to create an employer/employee relationship, or a joint venture or partnership relationship, or to allow any party to exercise control or direction over the other party. Except as required in connection with the performance of the Services, neither the Company nor any agent, employee, servant, contractor or subcontractor of the Company or any of its Affiliates shall have the authority to bind the Trust to any contract or arrangement. Neither the Trust nor the Trustee shall be liable for the salary, wages or benefits, including workers’ compensation insurance and unemployment insurance, of any employee, agent, servant, contractor or subcontractor of the Company or its Affiliates by virtue of this Agreement.

Section 2.05 Warranties; Limitation of Liability . The Company will use commercially reasonable efforts to provide the Services in a good and workmanlike manner in accordance with the sound and prudent practices of providers of similar services. EXCEPT AS SET FORTH IN THE PRECEDING SENTENCE, THE COMPANY MAKES NO (AND HEREBY DISCLAIMS AND NEGATES ANY AND ALL) WARRANTIES OR REPRESENTATIONS WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, WITH RESPECT TO THE SERVICES. IN NO EVENT WILL THE COMPANY OR ANY OF ITS AFFILIATES BE LIABLE TO ANY OF THE PERSONS RECEIVING ANY SERVICES OR TO ANY OTHER PERSON FOR ANY EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES RESULTING FROM ANY ERROR IN THE PERFORMANCE OF SUCH SERVICE, REGARDLESS OF WHETHER THE PERSON PROVIDING SUCH SERVICE, ITS AFFILIATES OR OTHERS MAY BE WHOLLY, CONCURRENTLY, PARTIALLY OR SOLELY NEGLIGENT OR OTHERWISE AT FAULT,

 

3


EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT SUCH EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE, DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR SPECIAL DAMAGES ARE PAID BY THE PARTY INCURRING SUCH DAMAGES TO A PERSON THAT IS NOT A PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT. THE PROVISIONS OF THIS SECTION 2.05 WILL SURVIVE TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT.

Section 2.06 Disputes . Should there be a dispute over the nature or quality of the Services or the calculation or allocation of the Administrative Services Fee, the Company and the Trustee, on behalf of the Trust, shall first attempt to resolve such dispute, acting diligently and in good faith, using the past practices of the Company and the Trustee as guidelines for such resolution. If the Company and the Trustee are unable to resolve any such dispute within thirty days, or such additional time as may be reasonable under the circumstances, the dispute shall be resolved by arbitration in accordance with the provisions of Article XI of the Trust Agreement. The provisions of this Section 2.06 will survive termination of this Agreement.

ARTICLE III

ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES FEE

Section 3.01 Administrative Services Fee . The Trust shall pay to the Company in immediately available funds, on or before the 60th day following each calendar quarter, an administrative services fee of $50,000 (the “ Administrative Services Fee ”). In the event that this Agreement is terminated during a calendar quarter pursuant to Section 5.01 , the amount of the Administrative Services Fee for such calendar quarter shall be based upon the pro rata portion of the Administrative Services Fee that shall have accrued during such quarter up to and including the date of termination of this Agreement. In addition to the Administrative Services Fee, the Trust shall reimburse the Company on or before the 60th day following each calendar quarter for all reasonable and necessary External Expenses associated with the provision of Services in the preceding quarter as set forth in a reasonably detailed invoice provided by the Company to the Trust on or before the 50th day following each calendar quarter, but only to the extent that the Company certifies to the Trustee that the Company was unable to perform the Services in the ordinary course of its business for which it incurred the External Expenses.

Section 3.02 Set-Off . In the event that the Company owes the Trust a sum certain in an uncontested amount under any other agreement, then any such amounts may, in the sole discretion of the Company, be aggregated and the Trust and the Company shall discharge their obligations by netting those amounts against any amounts owed by the Trust to the Company under this Agreement.

ARTICLE IV

FORCE MAJEURE

Section 4.01 Force Majeure . The Company’s obligation under this Agreement shall be excused when and to the extent its performance of that obligation is prevented due to Force Majeure. The Company shall promptly notify the Trustee that it is prevented from performing its obligations by reason of Force Majeure and shall exercise due diligence to end its inability to perform as promptly as practicable. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company shall not be required to settle any strike, lockout or other labor dispute in which it or any of its Affiliates may be involved.

 

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ARTICLE V

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 5.01 Term and Termination . This Agreement shall become effective on the date of this Agreement and shall continue until the Termination Date unless earlier terminated by mutual agreement of the parties to this Agreement. Upon termination of this Agreement in accordance with this Section 5.01 , all rights and obligations under this Agreement shall cease except for (i) obligations that expressly survive termination of this Agreement, (ii) liabilities and obligations that have accrued prior to such termination, including the obligation to pay any amounts that have become due and payable prior to such termination, and (iii) the obligation to pay any portion of the Administrative Services Fee that has accrued prior to such termination, even if such portion has not become due and payable at the time of termination.

Section 5.02 Notice . All notices and other communications provided for or permitted hereunder shall be made in writing by hand delivery, by facsimile, by courier guaranteeing overnight delivery or by first-class mail, return receipt requested, and shall be deemed given (i) when made, if made by hand delivery, (ii) upon confirmation, if made by facsimile, (iii) one (1) Business Day after being deposited with such courier, if made by overnight courier or (iv) on the date indicated on the notice of receipt, if made by first-class mail, to the parties as follows:

 

  (a) if to the Trust or the Trustee, to:

Whiting USA Trust II

c/o The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A.

919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500

Austin, Texas 78701

Attention: Mike J. Ulrich

Facsimile No.: (512) 236-9275

with a copy to:

Bracewell & Giuliani LLP

111 Congress Avenue Suite, 2300

Austin, Texas 78701

Attention: Tom Adkins

Facsimile No.: (512) 479-3940

if to the Company, to:

Whiting Petroleum Corporation

1700 Broadway, Suite 2300

Denver, Colorado 80290-2300

Attention: Michael J. Stevens

Facsimile No.: (303) 390-5590

 

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with a copy to:

Foley & Lardner LLP

777 East Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee, WI 53202-5306

Attention: Benjamin F. Garmer, III

                  John K. Wilson

Facsimile No.: (414) 297-4900

or to such other address as such person may have furnished to the other persons identified in this Section 5.02 in writing in accordance herewith.

Section 5.03 Entire Agreement, Supersedure . This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties relating to the matters contained herein, superseding all prior contracts or agreements, whether written or oral, relating to the matters contained herein.

Section 5.04 Effect of Waiver or Consent . Except as otherwise provided in this Agreement, a waiver or consent, express or implied, to or of any breach or default by any party in the performance by that party of its obligations under this Agreement is not a consent or waiver to or of any other breach or default in the performance by that party of the same or any other obligations of that party under this Agreement.

Section 5.05 Amendment or Modification . This Agreement may be amended or modified from time to time only by a written instrument executed by each of the parties to this Agreement.

Section 5.06 Assignment . Except as provided in Section 2.02 , and except for any transfer of rights of the Trustee hereunder to a successor trustee of the Trust, no party to this Agreement shall have the right to assign its rights or obligations under this Agreement without the consent of the other party to this Agreement.

Section 5.07 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts with the same effect as if all parties to this Agreement had signed the same document. All counterparts shall be construed together and shall constitute one and the same instrument.

Section 5.08 Severability . If any provision of this Agreement or the application thereof to any party to this Agreement or circumstance shall be held invalid or unenforceable to any extent, the remainder of this Agreement and the application of such provision to the other party to this Agreement or circumstances shall not be affected thereby and shall be enforced to the greatest extent permitted by law.

Section 5.09 Further Assurances . In connection with this Agreement and all transactions contemplated by this Agreement, each party hereto agrees to execute and deliver

 

6


such additional documents and instruments and to perform such additional acts as may be necessary or appropriate to effectuate, carry out and perform all of the terms, provisions and conditions of this Agreement and all such transactions.

Section 5.10 Governing Law . THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE, WITHOUT GIVING EFFECT TO ANY CHOICE OR CONFLICT OF THE LAWS OF ANY OTHER JURISDICTION.

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

WHITING OIL AND GAS CORPORATION
By:  

 

Name:  
Title:  
WHITING USA TRUST II
By:   The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., not in its individual capacity but solely as trustee
By:  

 

Name:  
Title:  

 

8

Exhibit 10.3

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

This REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is dated as of                     , 2012 by and between Whiting Petroleum Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and Whiting USA Trust II, a statutory trust formed under the laws of the State of Delaware (the “ Trust ”). Unless expressly stated otherwise in this Agreement, as used in this Agreement, references to the “Trustee” mean the Trustee as trustee of the Trust and not in its individual capacity.

WHEREAS, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. (the “ Trustee ”) and Whiting Oil and Gas Corporation, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company (the “ Subsidiary ”), have entered into a Conveyance of Term Net Profits Interest dated of even date herewith (the “ Conveyance Agreement ”);

WHEREAS, in connection with the execution and delivery of the Conveyance Agreement, the Trust has issued to the Subsidiary              units of beneficial interest of the Trust (“ Trust Units ”), which were distributed as a dividend to the Company;

WHEREAS, in connection with the Initial Public Offering, the Company is selling Trust Units and the Company may sell up to an additional              Trust Units if the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering exercise their over-allotment option (the “Over-allotment Option”); and

WHEREAS, the Trust has agreed to file a registration statement or registration statements relating to the sale by the Company and its Transferees (as defined below) of certain of the Trust Units.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants hereinafter contained and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound hereby, it is agreed as follows:

SECTION 1. Definitions . As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

Affiliate ” means with respect to a specified person, any person that directly or indirectly controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the specified person. As used in this definition, the term “control” (and the correlative terms “controlling,” “controlled by,” and “under common control”) shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of a person, whether through ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.

Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.

Business Day ” means each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York or Denver, Colorado are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

Company ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.


Conveyance Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals.

Deferral Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(j) .

Deferral Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(j) .

Demand Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a) .

Demand Registration ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(a) .

Effective Period ” means the period commencing on the 180th day after the date hereof and ending on the date that all Registrable Securities have ceased to be Registrable Securities.

Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder.

Expenses ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6(a) .

Holder ” shall mean the Company, its Affiliates that from time to time hold Registrable Securities and any Transferee of the Company to whom Registrable Securities are permitted to be transferred in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, and, in each case, who continues to be entitled to the rights of a Holder hereunder.

Indemnified Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6(d) .

Indemnifying Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6(d) .

Initial Public Offering ” means the initial public offering of Trust Units registered with the SEC by a registration statement on Form S-1/Form S-3 (Registration No.                     ).

Material Event ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3(j) .

Over-allotment Option ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

person ” shall mean any individual, partnership, limited liability company, corporation, trust, unincorporated association, governmental agency, subdivision, or instrumentality, or other entity or association.

Piggyback Registration ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2(b) .

Prospectus ” means the prospectus included in any Registration Statement (including, without limitation, a prospectus that discloses information previously omitted from a prospectus filed as part of an effective registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A, Rule 430B or Rule 430C promulgated under the Securities Act), as amended or supplemented by any amendment, prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act), including post-effective amendments, and all materials incorporated by reference or explicitly deemed to be incorporated by reference in such Prospectus.

 

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Registrable Securities ” means the Trust Units (not to exceed              Trust Units, subject to adjustment as provided herein) held by the Company and its Affiliates following the sale of all Trust Units sold by the Company in connection with the Initial Public Offering and any securities into or for which such Trust Units have been converted or exchanged, and any security issued with respect thereto upon any dividend, split or similar event until, in the case of any such security, the earliest of (i) its effective registration under the Securities Act and resale in accordance with the Registration Statement covering it, (ii) its sale pursuant to Rule 144 (or any similar provision then in force, but not Rule 144A) under the Securities Act if the transferee thereof does not receive “restricted securities” as defined in Rule 144 and (iii) its sale in a private transaction in which the transferor’s rights under this Agreement are not assigned to the transferee of the Securities.

Registration Statement ” means any registration statement of the Trust, including any Shelf Registration Statement, that covers any of the Registrable Securities pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, including the Prospectus, amendments and supplements to such registration statement, including post-effective amendments, all exhibits and all materials incorporated by reference or explicitly deemed to be incorporated by reference in such registration statement.

Required Information ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4(a) .

Rule 144 ” means Rule 144 under the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the SEC.

Rule 144A ” means Rule 144A under the Securities Act, as such Rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the SEC.

SEC ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission.

Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder.

Shelf Registration Statement ” means a Registration Statement for an offering to be made on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act registering the resale of Registrable Securities from time to time by Holders thereof.

Special Counsel ” means Foley & Lardner LLP or such other successor counsel as shall be specified in writing by the Holders of a majority of all Registrable Securities.

Subsidiary ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

Transferee ” has the meaning set forth in Section 9(d) .

Trust ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.

Trust Units ” has the meaning set forth in the recitals hereof.

Trustee ” has the meaning set forth in the preamble hereof.

 

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SECTION 2. Demand Registration Rights.

(a) During the Effective Period, the Holders representing a majority of the then outstanding Registrable Securities may request, by written notice to the Trust (the “ Demand Notice ”), that the Trust effect the registration under the Securities Act of the number of Registrable Securities requested to be so registered pursuant to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement (each a “ Demand Registration ”). Following receipt of a Demand Notice for a Demand Registration, the Trust shall use its reasonable best efforts to file a Registration Statement as promptly as practicable and shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause such Registration Statement to be declared effective under the Securities Act as promptly as practicable after the filing thereof. All Demand Notices made pursuant to this Section 2 will specify the number of Registrable Securities to be registered, whether or not such Registration Statement should be a Shelf Registration Statement and the intended methods of disposition thereof.

The Holders shall be entitled to a maximum of three (3) Demand Registrations, which shall include (i) any Demand Registrations for registration pursuant to a Shelf Registration Statement and (ii) any Demand Registrations that are transferred to a Transferee in accordance with Section 9(d) . No Demand Registration shall be deemed to have occurred for purposes of this Section 2(a) if the Registration Statement relating thereto does not become effective or is not maintained effective for the period required pursuant to Section 2(d) .

(b) In the event that any Demand Registration is transferred to a Transferee in accordance with Section 9(d) , and such Transferee sends a Demand Notice to the Trust, the Trust will give notice to the other Holders of such Demand Registration. Such notice shall describe such securities and specify the form, manner and other relevant aspects of such proposed registration. Each Holder may, by written response delivered to the Trust within twenty (20) days after the receipt by such Holder of any such notice, request that all or a specified part of the Registrable Securities held by such Holder be included in such Demand Registration (a “ Piggyback Registration ”). Such response shall also specify the intended method of disposition of such Registrable Securities. The Trust thereupon will use commercially reasonable efforts to effect the registration under the Securities Act of all Registrable Securities which the Trust has been so requested to register by the Holders to the extent required to permit the disposition (in accordance with the intended methods thereof as aforesaid) of the Registrable Securities to be so registered. No registration of Registrable Securities of the Holders effected by Piggyback Registration under this Section 2(b) shall relieve the Trust of any of its obligations to effect registrations of Registrable Securities of the Holders pursuant to, or reduce the total number of Demand Registrations to which the Holders continue to remain entitled under, Section 2(a) .

(c) If any of the Registrable Securities registered pursuant to a Demand Registration are to be sold in a firm commitment underwritten offering, and the managing underwriter or underwriters advise the Holders of such securities in writing that in its view the total number or dollar amount of Registrable Securities proposed to be sold in such offering is such as to adversely affect the success of such offering (including, without limitation, securities proposed to be included by other Holders of Registrable Securities entitled to include securities in such Registration Statement pursuant to incidental or piggyback registration rights), then there shall be included in such firm commitment underwritten offering the number or dollar amount of

 

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Registrable Securities that in the opinion of such managing underwriter can be sold without adversely affecting such offering, and such number of Registrable Securities shall be allocated as follows:

(i) first, the securities for which inclusion in such Demand Registration for which the Demand Notice was submitted; and

(ii) second, the securities for which inclusion in any Piggyback Registration for which a notice was submitted in accordance with this Agreement pro rata among the Registrable Securities requested to be included in such Piggyback Registration.

(d) The Trust shall use commercially reasonable efforts to maintain the effectiveness of the Registration Statement with respect to any Demand Registration for a period of at least ninety (90) days (or three years if a Shelf Registration Statement is requested) after the effective date thereof or such shorter period in which all Registrable Securities included in such Registration Statement have actually been sold or all Registrable Securities have ceased to be Registrable Securities; provided, however , that such period shall be extended for a period of time equal to the period the holder of Registrable Securities refrains from selling any securities included in such registration at the request of the Trust pursuant to this Agreement, except that with respect to a Shelf Registration Statement on Form S-3 that becomes effective automatically pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, such period may not be extended beyond three years after the effective date thereof or such shorter or longer period as may be subsequently permitted by the SEC.

(e) Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Trust shall furnish to the Holders requesting a registration pursuant to this Section 2 within thirty (30) days of receiving such request a certificate signed by the Trustee stating that in the good faith judgment of the Trustee it would be detrimental to the Trust and its unitholders for such Registration Statement to be filed and it is therefore beneficial to defer the filing of such Registration Statement, the Trust shall have the right to defer such filing for up to two periods of not more than thirty (30) days each after receipt of each request of the Holders; provided, however , that the Trust may not use this right more than once (for a total of up to sixty (60) days) in any twelve-month period. If the Trust shall so postpone the filing of a Registration Statement the demanding Holders shall have the right to withdraw the request for registration by giving written notice to the Trust within 20 days of the anticipated termination date of the postponement period, as provided in the certificate delivered by the Trust, and in the event of such withdrawal, such request shall not reduce the number of available registrations with respect to the Holders under this Section 2 .

SECTION 3. Registration Procedures . In connection with the registration obligations of the Trust under Section 2 , during the Effective Period, the Trust shall:

(a) Prepare and file with the SEC a Registration Statement or Registration Statements, including, if so requested by the applicable Holders, a Shelf Registration Statement, on any appropriate form under the Securities Act available for the sale of the Registrable Securities by the Holders thereof in accordance with the intended method or methods of distribution thereof, and use commercially reasonable efforts to cause each such Registration Statement to become effective and remain effective as provided herein; provided that before

 

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filing any Registration Statement or Prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto with the SEC (but excluding reports filed with the SEC under the Exchange Act), furnish to the Holders, the Special Counsel and the managing underwriter or underwriters and their counsel, if any, copies of all such documents proposed to be filed at least three (3) Business Days prior to the filing of such Registration Statement or amendment thereto or Prospectus or supplement thereto.

(b) Subject to Section 3(j) , prepare and file with the SEC such amendments and post-effective amendments to each Registration Statement as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement continuously effective during the period provided herein with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by such Registration Statement; cause the related Prospectus to be supplemented by any required prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus, and as so supplemented to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 (or any similar provisions then in force) under the Securities Act; and use commercially reasonable efforts to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act applicable to the Trust with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by such Registration Statement during the period provided herein with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by such Registration Statement in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the sellers thereof set forth in such Registration Statement as so amended or such Prospectus as so supplemented.

(c) Subject to Section 3(j) , from and after the date a Registration Statement is declared effective, the Trust shall, as promptly as practicable after the date the Required Information is delivered pursuant to Section 4 and in accordance with this Section 3(c) :

(i) if required by applicable law, file with the SEC a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or prepare and, if required by applicable law, file a supplement to the related Prospectus or a supplement or amendment to any document incorporated therein by reference or file any other required document so that the Holder delivering such Required Information is named as a selling securityholder in the Registration Statement and the related Prospectus in such a manner as to permit such Holder to deliver such Prospectus to purchasers of the Registrable Securities in accordance with applicable law and, if the Trust shall file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement, use commercially reasonable efforts to cause such post-effective amendment to be declared effective under the Securities Act as promptly as is practicable; and

(ii) provide such Holder copies of any documents filed pursuant to Section 3(c)(i) ;

provided , that, if the Required Information is delivered during a Deferral Period, the Trust shall so inform the Holder delivering such Required Information. The Trust shall notify such Holder as promptly as practicable after the effectiveness under the Securities Act of any post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Section 3(c)(i) . Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the Trust shall be under no obligation to name any Holder that has failed to deliver the Required Information in the manner set forth in Section 4 as a selling securityholder in any Registration Statement or related Prospectus.

 

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(d) As promptly as practicable give notice to the Holders, the Special Counsel and the managing underwriter or underwriters and their counsel, if any, (i) when any Prospectus, Registration Statement or post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement has been filed with the SEC and, with respect to a Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto, when the same has been declared effective, (ii) of any request, following the effectiveness of any Registration Statement under the Securities Act, by the SEC or any other federal or state governmental authority for amendments or supplements to any Registration Statement or related Prospectus, (iii) of the issuance by the SEC or any other federal or state governmental authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration Statement or the initiation or threatening of any proceedings for that purpose, (iv) of the receipt by the Trust of any notification with respect to the suspension of the qualification or exemption from qualification of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose, (v) of the occurrence of, but not the nature of or details concerning, a Material Event and (vi) of the determination by the Trust that a post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement will be filed with the SEC, which notice may, at the discretion of the Trust (or as required pursuant to Section 3(j) ), state that it constitutes a Deferral Notice, in which event the provisions of Section 3(j) shall apply.

(e) Use commercially reasonable efforts to obtain the withdrawal of any order suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement or the lifting of any suspension of the qualification (or exemption from qualification) of any of the Registrable Securities for sale in any jurisdiction in which they have been qualified for sale, in either case as promptly as practicable, and provide prompt notice to each Holder of the withdrawal of any such order.

(f) If requested by the managing underwriters, if any, or the Holders of the Registrable Securities being sold in connection with an underwritten offering, promptly include in a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment such information as the managing underwriters, if any, and such Holders may reasonably request in order to permit the intended method of distribution of such securities and make all required filings of such prospectus supplement or such post-effective amendment as soon as practicable after the Trust has received such request; provided, however , that the Trust shall not be required to take any actions under this Section 3(f) that are not, in the reasonable opinion of counsel for the Trust, in compliance with applicable law.

(g) As promptly as practicable furnish to each Holder, the Special Counsel and each managing underwriter and their counsel, if any, upon request, at least one (1) conformed copy of the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto, including exhibits and, if requested, all documents incorporated or deemed to be incorporated therein by reference.

(h) Deliver to each Holder, the Special Counsel and each managing underwriter and their counsel, if any, in connection with any sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement as many copies of the Prospectus relating to such Registrable Securities (including each preliminary Prospectus) and any amendment or supplement thereto as such persons may reasonably request; and the Trust hereby consents (except during such periods that a Deferral Notice is outstanding and has not been revoked and subject to Section (j)(ii) ) to the use of such Prospectus or each amendment or supplement thereto by each Holder and the underwriters, if any, in connection with any offering and sale of the Registrable Securities covered by such Prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto in the manner set forth therein.

 

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(i) Prior to any public offering of the Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement, use commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify or cooperate with the Holders, the Special Counsel and the underwriters, if any, in connection with the registration or qualification (or exemption from such registration or qualification) of such Registrable Securities for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions within the United States as any Holder or underwriter reasonably requests in writing (which request may be included with the Required Information); prior to any public offering of the Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement, use commercially reasonable efforts to keep each such registration or qualification (or exemption therefrom) effective during the period provided herein with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by such Registration Statement in connection with such Holder’s offer and sale of Registrable Securities pursuant to such registration or qualification (or exemption therefrom) and do any and all other acts or things reasonably necessary or advisable to enable the disposition in such jurisdictions of such Registrable Securities in the manner set forth in the relevant Registration Statement and the related Prospectus; provided that neither the Trust nor the Trustee will be required to (i) qualify as a foreign entity or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Agreement or (ii) take any action that would subject it to general service of process or to taxation in any such jurisdiction where it is not then so subject.

(j) Upon (A) the issuance by the SEC of a stop order suspending the effectiveness of any Registration Statement or the initiation of proceedings with respect to any Registration Statement under Section 8(d) or 8(e) of the Securities Act, (B) the occurrence of any event or the existence of any fact as a result of which (x) any Registration Statement shall contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, or (y) any Prospectus shall contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (a “ Material Event ”), or (C) the occurrence or existence of any pending corporate development of the Trust that, in the reasonable discretion of the Trustee, makes it appropriate to suspend the availability of any Registration Statement and the related Prospectus, the Trust shall:

(i) in the case of clause (B) above, subject to clause (ii) below, as promptly as practicable prepare and file, if necessary pursuant to applicable law, a post-effective amendment to such Registration Statement or a supplement to the related Prospectus or any document incorporated therein by reference or file any other required document that would be incorporated by reference into such Registration Statement and Prospectus so that such Registration Statement does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and such Prospectus does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of the Registrable Securities being sold thereunder, and, in the case of a post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement, subject to clause (ii) below, use commercially reasonable efforts to cause it to be declared effective as promptly as practicable; and

 

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(ii) give notice to the Holders and the Special Counsel, if any, that the availability of any Registration Statement is suspended (a “ Deferral Notice ”) and, upon receipt of any Deferral Notice, each Holder agrees not to sell any Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement until such Holder’s receipt of copies of the supplemented or amended Prospectus provided for in clause (i) above, or until it is advised in writing by the Trust that the Prospectus may be used, and has received copies of any additional or supplemental filings that are incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference in such Prospectus, in which case such Holder will use the Prospectus as so supplemented or amended in connection with any offering and sale of Registrable Securities covered thereby.

The Trust shall use commercially reasonable efforts to ensure that the use of the Prospectus may be resumed (x) in the case of clause (A) above, as promptly as is practicable, (y) in the case of clause (B) above, as soon as, in the sole judgment of the Trustee, public disclosure of such Material Event would not be prejudicial to or contrary to the interests of the Trust or, if necessary to avoid unreasonable burden or expense, as soon as practicable thereafter, and (z) in the case of clause (C) above, as soon as, in the reasonable discretion of the Trustee, such suspension is no longer appropriate. The Trust shall be entitled to exercise its right under this Section 3(j) to suspend the availability of any Registration Statement or any Prospectus (the “ Deferral Period ”) for use by any Holder.

(k) If reasonably requested by a Holder or any underwriter participating in any disposition of Registrable Securities, if any, in writing in connection with a disposition by such Holder of Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement, make reasonably available for inspection during normal business hours by a representative for such Holder(s) of such Registrable Securities, any broker-dealers, underwriters, attorneys and accountants retained by such Holder(s), and any attorneys or other agents retained by a broker-dealer or underwriter engaged by such Holder(s), all relevant financial and other records and pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Trust, and cause the appropriate officers, directors and employees of the Trustee to make reasonably available for inspection during normal business hours on reasonable notice all relevant information reasonably requested by such representative for the Holder(s), or any such broker-dealers, underwriters, attorneys or accountants in connection with such disposition, in each case as is customary for similar “due diligence” examinations; provided that (i) the Trustee shall not be obligated to make available for inspection any information that, based on the reasonable advice of counsel to the Trustee, could subject the Trustee to the loss of privilege with respect thereto and (ii) such persons shall first agree in writing with the Trustee that any information that is reasonably designated by the Trustee as confidential at the time of delivery of such information shall be kept confidential by such persons and shall be used solely for the purposes of exercising rights under this Agreement, unless (A) disclosure of such information is required by court or administrative order or is necessary to respond to inquiries of regulatory authorities, (B) disclosure of such information is required by law (including any disclosure requirements pursuant to federal securities laws in connection with the filing of any Registration Statement or the use of any Prospectus referred to in this Agreement) or (C) such information becomes generally available to the public other than as a

 

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result of a disclosure or failure to safeguard by any such person; and provided further that the foregoing inspection and information gathering shall, to the greatest extent possible, be coordinated on behalf of all the Holders and the other parties entitled thereto by Special Counsel, if any, or another representative selected by the Holders of a majority of Registrable Securities being registered pursuant to such Registration Statement. Any person legally compelled or required by administrative or court order or by a regulatory authority to disclose any such confidential information made available for inspection shall provide the Trust with prompt prior written notice of such requirement so that the Trustee may seek a protective order or other appropriate remedy.

(l) Use its best efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the SEC and make generally available to the Trust’s securityholders earnings statements (which need not be audited) satisfying the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 thereunder (or any similar rule promulgated under the Securities Act) for a 12-month period commencing on the first day of the first fiscal quarter of the Trust commencing after the effective date of a Registration Statement, which statements shall be made available no later than the next succeeding Business Day after such statements are required to be filed with the SEC.

(m) Cooperate with each Holder and the managing underwriters, if any, to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates representing Registrable Securities sold or to be sold pursuant to a Registration Statement, which certificates shall not bear any restrictive legends stating that the Registrable Securities evidenced by the certificates are “restricted securities” (as defined by Rule 144), and cause such Registrable Securities to be registered in such names as such Holder or the managing underwriters, if any, may request in writing at least two (2) Business Days prior to any sale of such Registrable Securities.

(n) Provide a CUSIP number for all Registrable Securities covered by each Registration Statement not later than the effective date of such Registration Statement.

(o) Cooperate with and assist each Holder, the Special Counsel and any underwriters participating in any disposition of Registrable Securities in any filings required to be made with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority in connection with the filing or effectiveness of any Registration Statement, any post-effective amendment thereto or any offer or sale of Trust Units thereunder.

(p) In the case of a proposed sale pursuant to a Registration Statement involving an underwritten offering, the Trustee shall enter into such customary agreements on behalf of the Trust (including, if requested, an underwriting agreement in reasonably customary form) and take all such other action, if any, as Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities being sold or any managing underwriters reasonably shall request in order to facilitate any disposition of the Registrable Securities pursuant to such Registration Statement, including, without limitation, (i) using commercially reasonable efforts to cause its counsel to deliver an opinion or opinions in reasonably customary form, (ii) using its reasonable best efforts to cause its officers to execute and deliver all customary documents and certificates on behalf of the Trust and (iii) using its reasonable best efforts to cause the Trust’s independent public accountants to provide a comfort letter or letters in reasonably customary form.

 

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(q) Use its reasonable best efforts to support the marketing of the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement taking into account the Trust’s business needs.

(r) Upon (i) the filing of any Registration Statement and (ii) the effectiveness of any Registration Statement, announce the same, in each case by press release to Reuters Economic Services and Bloomberg Business News or such other service as may be approved by the Company.

(s) Use commercially reasonable efforts to cause all such Registrable Securities to be listed on each securities exchange or quotation system on which similar securities issued by the Trust are listed or traded.

SECTION 4. Holder’s Obligations .

(a) Each Holder agrees that if such Holder wishes to sell Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement and related Prospectus, it will do so only in accordance with this Section 4 and Section 3(j) . The Trust may require each seller of Registrable Securities as to which any registration is being effected to furnish to the Trust in writing such information required in connection with such registration regarding such seller and the distribution of such Registrable Securities as the Trust may, from time to time, reasonably request in writing (the “ Required Information ”) and the Trust may exclude from such registration the Registrable Securities of any seller who unreasonably fails to furnish such information within a reasonable time after receiving such request. In addition, following the date that a Registration Statement is declared effective, each Holder wishing to sell Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement and related Prospectus agrees to deliver, at least seven (7) Business Days prior to any intended distribution of Registrable Securities under the Registration Statement, to the Trust any additional Required Information as the Trust may reasonably request so that the Trust may complete or amend the information required by any Registration Statement.

(b) Each Holder agrees, by acquisition of the Registrable Securities, that no Holder shall be entitled to sell any of such Registrable Securities pursuant to a Registration Statement or to receive a Prospectus relating thereto unless such Holder has furnished the Trust with the Required Information as required pursuant to this Section 4 and the information set forth in the next sentence. Each Holder agrees promptly to furnish to the Trust all information required to be disclosed in order to make the information previously furnished to the Trust by such Holder not misleading and any other information regarding such Holder and the distribution of such Registrable Securities as the Trust may from time to time reasonably request. Any sale of any Registrable Securities by any Holder shall constitute a representation and warranty by such Holder that the information relating to such Holder and its plan of distribution is as set forth in the Prospectus delivered by such Holder in connection with such disposition, that such Prospectus does not as of the time of such sale contain any untrue statement of a material fact relating to or provided by such Holder or its plan of distribution and that such Prospectus does not as of the time of such sale omit to state any material fact relating to or provided by such Holder or its plan of distribution necessary in order to make the statements in such Prospectus, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

 

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SECTION 5. Registration Expenses. Subject to the last sentence of this Section 5, the Company shall bear all out-of-pocket fees and expenses incurred in connection with the performance by the Trust of its obligations under Sections 2 and 3 of this Agreement whether or not any Registration Statement is declared effective. Such fees and expenses shall include, without limitation, (i) all registration and filing fees (including, without limitation, fees and expenses (x) with respect to filings required to be made with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and (y) of compliance with federal and state securities or Blue Sky laws (including, without limitation, reasonable fees and disbursements of the Special Counsel, if any, in connection with Blue Sky qualifications of the Registrable Securities under the laws of such jurisdictions as Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities being sold pursuant to a Registration Statement may designate)), (ii) printing expenses, (iii) duplication expenses relating to copies of any Registration Statement or Prospectus delivered to any Holders hereunder, (iv) fees and disbursements of counsel for the Trust and the Special Counsel, if any, in connection with any Registration Statement, (v) fees of accountants and reserve engineers for consents and cold comfort and (vi) the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing by the Trust of the Registrable Securities on any securities exchange on which similar securities of the Trust are then listed. However, the Trust shall pay the internal expenses of the Trustee (including, without limitation, all salaries and expenses of officers and employees performing legal or accounting duties), the expense of any annual audit and annual reserve report and the other fees and expenses of the accountants and independent reserve engineers for the Trust not covered by clause (v) of the preceding sentence, other than any expense that would not have otherwise been incurred but for the fact of the filing of the Registration Statement or the timing thereof, the fees and expenses of any person, including special experts, retained by the Trust and the fees and expenses of any transfer agent for the Registrable Securities. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 5 , each seller of Registrable Securities shall pay its own selling expenses, including any underwriting discounts and commissions, all registration expenses to the extent required by applicable law and, except as otherwise provided herein, fees and expenses of counsel.

SECTION 6. Indemnification and Contribution.

(a) Indemnification by the Trust. The Trust shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each Holder and each person, if any, who controls the Company or any Holder within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, any reasonable legal or other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with defending or investigating any such action or claim) (“ Expenses ”) to which the Company, any Holder or any controlling person of the Company or any Holder may become subject, under or with respect to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any other federal or state securities law or otherwise, insofar as such Expenses are caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement at the date and time as of which such Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC, any preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein (in the case of a preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, in light of the circumstances under which they were made), not misleading, but in each case only with respect to written information relating to the Trust furnished by or on behalf of the Trust specifically for inclusion in the documents referred to in the foregoing indemnity. Subject to Section 6(e) , the Trust shall reimburse the Company,

 

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the Holders and any controlling persons thereof for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company, the Holders or any controlling persons thereof in connection with the investigation or defense of any Expenses with respect to which the Company and the Holders or any controlling persons thereof is entitled to indemnity by the Trust under this Agreement. In connection with any underwritten offering pursuant to Section 8 , the Trust will also agree to indemnify the underwriters, if any, their officers and directors and each person who controls such underwriters (within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act) on terms and conditions similar to those set forth herein with respect to the indemnification of the Company and the Holders, if requested in connection with any Registration Statement, such indemnification to be set forth in any underwriting agreement to be entered into by the Trustee with such underwriter(s).

(b) Indemnification by the Company. The Company shall indemnify and hold harmless each Holder (other than the Company), the Trust and the Trustee and any agents thereof, individually and as trustee, as the case may be, and each person, if any, who controls such Holder, the Trust or the Trustee within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any Expenses (excluding, however, any taxes, fees and other charges payable by the Trustee on, based on or measured by any fees, commissions or compensation received by the Trustee for its services under this Agreement) to which such Holder, the Trust, the Trustee or any agent thereof or any controlling person of such Holder, the Trust or the Trustee may become subject, under or with respect to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any other federal or state securities law or otherwise, insofar as such Expenses are caused by (i) an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement or an omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated in or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading at the date and time as of which such Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC, (ii) an untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary Prospectus or any Prospectus or an omission or alleged omission to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading as of the date of such preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus and as of the closing of the sale of Trust Units sold thereunder or (iii) any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any other filing, report or other action taken with respect to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or any other Federal or state securities law, the listing of the Trust Units on the New York Stock Exchange LLC, the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC or another national securities exchange or any omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; provided, however , that the Company shall not be liable to and shall not indemnify the Holders (other than the Company), the Trustee or any agents or controlling persons thereof, individually or as trustee, as the case may be, in any such case under the preceding clauses (i) and (ii) of this Section 6(b) to the extent that any such Expense arises out of, is based upon or is connected with information relating to (a) the Trustee in its individual capacity or (b) such Holder, in either case prepared or furnished by the Trustee or such Holder, as the case may be, expressly for use in any Registration Statement, any preliminary Prospectus or any Prospectus; and provided, further, that the Company shall not be liable to the Holders (other than the Company), the Trustee or any agents or controlling persons thereof, individually or as trustee, as the case may be, in any such case under the preceding clause (iii) of this Section 6(b) to the extent that any such Expense arises out of, is based upon or is connected with information relating to (A) the Trustee in its

 

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individual capacity prepared or furnished by the Trustee and the Trustee is found liable or (B) such Holder prepared or furnished by such Holder and such Holder is found liable. Subject to Section 6(e) , the Company shall reimburse the Holders (other than the Company), the Trust and the Trustee and any agents or controlling persons thereof for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Holders (other than the Company), the Trust and the Trustee or any agent or controlling persons thereof in connection with the investigation or defense of any Expenses with respect to which the Holders (other than the Company), the Trust and the Trustee or any agent or controlling persons thereof is entitled to indemnity by the Company under this Agreement.

(c) Indemnification by Certain of the Holders. Each Holder (other than the Company), severally and not jointly, shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company, the Trust, the Trustee and any agents thereof, individually and as trustee, and any other Holder and each person, if any, who controls the Company, the Trust, the Trustee and any agents thereof, individually and as trustee, or any other Holder within the meaning of either Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, from and against any and all Expenses to which the Company, the Trust, the Trustee and any agents thereof, individually and as trustee, any other Holder or any controlling person of the Company, the Trust, the Trustee and any agents thereof, individually and as trustee, or any other Holder may become subject, under or with respect to the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, any other federal or state securities law or otherwise, insofar as such Expenses are caused by any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement at the date and time as of which such Registration Statement was declared effective by the SEC, any preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus, or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein (in the case of a preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, in light of the circumstances under which they were made), not misleading, but in each case only with respect to written information relating to such Holder (other than the Company) furnished by or on behalf of such Holder specifically for inclusion in the documents referred to in the foregoing indemnity. Subject to Section 6(e) , such Holder shall reimburse the Company, the Trust, the Trustee and any agents thereof, individually and as trustee, the other Holders and any agents or controlling persons thereof for any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by the Company, the Trust, the Trustee and any agents thereof, individually and as trustee, the other Holders or any agent or controlling persons thereof in connection with the investigation or defense of any Expenses with respect to which the Company, the Trust, the Trustee and any agents thereof, individually and as trustee, and the other Holders or any agent or controlling persons thereof is entitled to indemnity by such Holder under this Agreement.

(d) Conduct of Indemnification Proceedings . In case any proceeding (including any governmental investigation) shall be instituted involving any person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to Section 6(a) , 6(b) or 6(c) , such person (the “ Indemnified Party ”) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnity may be sought (the “ Indemnifying Party ”) in writing and the Indemnifying Party, upon request of the Indemnified Party, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party to represent the Indemnified Party and any others the Indemnifying Party may designate in such proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and disbursements of such counsel related to such proceeding. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the

 

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fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Party unless (i) the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall have mutually agreed to the retention of such counsel or (ii) the named parties to any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party and representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them, other than solely by virtue of the rights and obligations of the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party under this Section 6 . It is understood that the Indemnifying Party shall not, in respect of the legal expenses of any Indemnified Party in connection with any proceeding or related proceedings in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all such indemnified parties and that all such fees and expenses shall be reimbursed as they are incurred. Such firm shall be designated in writing by, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 6(a) , the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement held by Holders that are indemnified parties pursuant to Section 6(a) and, in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section 6(b) or Section 6(c) , the Trustee. The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final, non-appealable judgment for the plaintiff, the Indemnifying Party agrees to indemnify the Indemnified Party from and against any Expenses by reason of such settlement or judgment. No Indemnifying Party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Party, unless such settlement includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such proceeding.

(e) Contribution. To the extent that the indemnification provided for in Section 6(a) , 6(b) or 6(c) is unavailable to an Indemnified Party or insufficient in respect of any Expenses referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Party under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Party thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such Expenses (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Indemnifying Party or Indemnifying Parties on the one hand and the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Parties on the other hand or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Indemnifying Party or Indemnifying Parties on the one hand and of the Indemnified Party or Indemnified Parties on the other hand in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such Expenses, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the Company and the other Holders on the one hand and the Trust on the other hand shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact required to be stated or necessary in order to make the statements (in the case of a preliminary Prospectus or Prospectus, in light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading, relates to information supplied by the Company, the other Holders or by the Trust, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The Holders’ respective obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 6 are several in proportion to the respective number of Registrable Securities they have sold pursuant to a Registration Statement, and not joint.

 

15


The parties hereto agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 6(e) were determined by pro rata allocation or by any other method of allocation that does not take into account the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Party as a result of the Expenses referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any legal or other expenses reasonably incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

(f) The remedies provided for in this Section 6 are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to an Indemnified Party at law or in equity, hereunder or otherwise.

(g) The indemnity and contribution provisions contained in this Section 6 shall remain operative and in full force and effect regardless of (i) any termination of this Agreement, (ii) any investigation made by or on behalf of any Holder, any person controlling the Company or any other Holder or any Affiliate of the Company or any other Holder or by or on behalf of the Trustee, its officers or directors or any person controlling the Trustee and (iii) the sale of any Registrable Securities by any Holder.

SECTION 7. Information Requirements . The Trust covenants that, if at any time before the end of the Effective Period the Trust is not subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, it will cooperate with any Holder and take such further reasonable action as any Holder may reasonably request in writing (including, without limitation, making such reasonable representations as any such Holder may reasonably request), all to the extent required from time to time to enable such Holder to sell Registrable Securities without registration under the Securities Act within the limitation of the exemptions provided by Rule 144 or Rule 144A under the Securities Act and customarily taken in connection with sales pursuant to such exemptions. Upon the written request of any Holder, the Trust shall deliver to such Holder a written statement as to whether the Trust has complied with such filing requirements. Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing in this Section 7 shall be deemed to require the Trust to register any of the Trust’s securities under any section of the Exchange Act.

SECTION 8. Underwritten Registrations . The Holders of Registrable Securities covered by any Registration Statement may sell such Registrable Securities to an underwriter in an underwritten offering for reoffering to the public. If any of the Registrable Securities covered by any Registration Statement are to be sold in an underwritten offering, the investment banker or investment bankers and manager or managers that will administer the offering will be selected by the Holders of a majority of such Registrable Securities included in such offering, subject to the consent of the Trust (which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed), and such Holders shall be responsible for all underwriting commissions and discounts and any transfer taxes in connection therewith. No person may participate in any underwritten registration hereunder unless such person (i) agrees to sell such person’s Registrable Securities on the basis reasonably provided in any underwriting arrangements approved by the persons entitled hereunder to approve such arrangements and (ii) completes and executes all questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, underwriting agreements and other documents reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting arrangements.

 

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SECTION 9. Miscellaneous .

(a) Amendments and Waivers. The provisions of this Agreement, including the provisions of this sentence, may not be amended, modified or supplemented, and waivers or consents to departures from the provisions hereof may not be given, without the written consent of the Trust, the Company and the Holders of a majority of Registrable Securities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a waiver or consent to depart from the provisions hereof with respect to a matter that relates exclusively to the rights of Holders whose securities are being sold pursuant to a Registration Statement and that does not directly or indirectly affect the rights of other Holders may be given by Holders of at least a majority of the Registrable Securities being sold by such Holders pursuant to such Registration Statement; provided that the provisions of this sentence may not be amended, modified or supplemented except in accordance with the provisions of the immediately preceding sentence. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Agreement may be amended by written agreement signed by the Trust, without the consent of the Holders of Registrable Securities, to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision contained herein that may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision contained herein, or to make such other provisions in regard to matters or questions arising under this Agreement that shall not adversely affect the interests of the Holders of Registrable Securities. Each Holder of Registrable Securities outstanding at the time of any such amendment, modification, supplement, waiver or consent or thereafter shall be bound by any such amendment, modification, supplement, waiver or consent effected pursuant to this Section 9(a) , whether or not any notice, writing or marking indicating such amendment, modification, supplement, waiver or consent is delivered to such Holder.

(b) Notices. All notices and other communications provided for or permitted hereunder shall be made in writing by hand delivery, by facsimile, by courier guaranteeing overnight delivery or by first-class mail, return receipt requested, and shall be deemed given (i) when made, if made by hand delivery, (ii) upon confirmation, if made by facsimile, (iii) one Business Day after being deposited with such courier, if made by overnight courier or (iv) on the date indicated on the notice of receipt, if made by first-class mail, to the parties as follows:

(i) if to a Holder, at the most current address given by such Holder to the Trust;

(ii) if to the Trust or the Trustee, to:

Whiting USA Trust II

c/o The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company,

N.A.

919 Congress Avenue, Suite 500

Austin, Texas 78701

Attention: Michael J. Ulrich

Facsimile No.: (512) 236-9275

with a copy to:

 

17


Bracewell & Giuliani LLP

111 Congress Avenue, Suite 2300

Austin, Texas 78701

Attention: Tom Adkins

Facsimile No.: (512) 479-3940

(iii) if to the Company, to:

Whiting Petroleum Corporation

1700 Broadway, Suite 2300

Denver, Colorado 80290-2300

Attention: Michael J. Stevens

Facsimile No.: (303) 390-5590

with a copy to:

Foley & Lardner LLP

777 East Wisconsin Avenue

Milwaukee, WI 53202-5306

Attention: Benjamin F. Garmer, III

         John K. Wilson

Facsimile No.: (414) 297-4900

or to such other address as such person may have furnished to the other persons identified in this Section 9(b) in writing in accordance herewith.

(c) Approval of Holders. Whenever the consent or approval of Holders of a specified percentage of Registrable Securities is required hereunder, Registrable Securities held by the Trust or its Affiliates (other than the Company or subsequent Holders if such Holders are deemed to be such Affiliates solely by reason of their holdings of such Registrable Securities) shall not be counted in determining whether such consent or approval was given by the Holders of such required percentage.

(d) Successors and Transferees. Any person or group of persons who purchases any Registrable Securities from the Company or otherwise holds any Registrable Securities as a result of any sale, liquidation, dividend or distribution by the Company or any of its Affiliates shall be deemed, for purposes of this Agreement, to be a transferee of the Company, but if and only if such person or group (i) agrees to be designated as a transferee, (ii) is specifically designated as a transferee in writing by the Company to the Trust and (iii) in the case of a group such group shall collectively constitute a Transferee for purposes of this Agreement (including without limitation, for purposes of exercising any Demand Registration right transferred by the Company to such group) (a “ Transferee ”). This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon such Transferees and shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon each such Transferees, provided that nothing herein shall be deemed to permit any assignment, transfer or other disposition of Registrable Securities in violation of the terms thereof. If the Company designates any person as a Transferee in accordance with this Section 9(d) , then the Registrable

 

18


Securities acquired by such Transferee shall be held subject to all of the terms of this Agreement, and by taking and holding such Registrable Securities, such person shall be conclusively deemed to have agreed to be bound by and to perform all of the terms and provisions of this Agreement and such person shall be entitled to receive the benefits hereof.

(e) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

(f) Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.

(g) Governing Law. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF DELAWARE.

(h) Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated thereby, and the parties hereto shall use their reasonable best efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction, it being intended that all of the rights and privileges of the parties shall be enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law.

(i) Entire Agreement. This Agreement is intended by the parties as a final expression of their agreement and is intended to be a complete and exclusive statement of the agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein and the registration rights granted by the Trust with respect to the Registrable Securities. There are no restrictions, promises, warranties or undertakings, other than those set forth or referred to herein, with respect to the registration rights granted by the Trust with respect to the Registrable Securities. This Agreement supersedes all prior agreements and undertakings among the parties with respect to such registration rights. No party hereto shall have any rights, duties or obligations other than those specifically set forth in this Agreement.

(j) Termination. This Agreement and the obligations of the parties hereunder shall terminate upon the end of the Effective Period, except for any liabilities or obligations under Section 4 , 5 or 6 , each of which shall remain in effect in accordance with its terms; provided, however, in the event that the underwriters of the Initial Public Offering exercise the Over-allotment Option in full, this Agreement shall automatically terminate.

(k) Specific Enforcement; Venue. The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that each would be irreparably damaged if any of the provisions of this Agreement are not performed by the other in accordance with their specific terms or are otherwise breached. It is accordingly agreed that each party shall be entitled to seek an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement by the other and to enforce this Agreement and the terms and provisions hereof specifically against the other, in addition to any other remedy to which such aggrieved party may

 

19


be entitled at law or in equity. Any action or proceeding seeking to enforce any provision of, or based on any rights arising out of, this Agreement may be brought against any of the parties in the FEDERAL AND COLORADO STATE COURTS SITTING IN DENVER, DENVER COUNTY, COLORADO and each of the parties consents to the jurisdiction of such courts (and of the appropriate appellate courts) in any such action or proceeding and waives any objection to venue laid therein. Process in any action or proceeding referred to in the preceding sentence may be served on any party anywhere in the world.

 

20


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first written above.

 

WHITING PETROLEUM CORPORATION
By:  

 

Name:  
Title:  
WHITING USA TRUST II
By:   The Bank of New York Trust Mellon Company, N.A., not in its individual capacity but solely as Trustee
By:  

 

Name:  
Title:  
Accepted and Agreed:
THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON COMPANY, N.A., as trustee of Whiting USA Trust II
By:  

 

Name:  
Title:  

 

21

Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the use in this Registration Statement on Form S-1 of (i) our report dated December 16, 2011 relating to the statements of historical revenues and direct operating expenses of the Underlying Properties (the “Properties”) and (ii) our report dated December 16, 2011 relating to the statement of assets and trust corpus of Whiting USA Trust II, appearing in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement. We also consent to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in such Prospectus.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Denver, Colorado

December 16, 2011

Exhibit 23.2

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form S-3 of our reports dated February 24, 2011 relating to the financial statements and financial statement schedule of Whiting Petroleum Corporation (which report expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the Company’s adoption of new accounting guidance), and the effectiveness of Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting, appearing in the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Whiting Petroleum Corporation for the year ended December 31, 2010, and to the reference to us under the heading “Experts” in the Prospectus, which is part of this Registration Statement.

/s/ Deloitte & Touche LLP

Denver, Colorado

December 16, 2011

Exhibit 23.3

C AWLEY , G ILLESPIE  & A SSOCIATES , I NC .

PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS

 

9601 AMBERGLEN BLVD., SUITE 117   306 WEST SEVENTH STREET, SUITE 302   1000 LOUISIANA STREET, SUITE 625
AUSTIN, TEXAS 78729-1106   FORT WORTH, TEXAS 76102-4987   HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002-5008
512-249-7000   817- 336-2461   713-651-9944
  www.cgaus.com  

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PETROLEUM ENGINEERS

We hereby consent to the references to our firm in the form and context in which they are included in this registration statement on Form S-1 and Form S-3 filed by Whiting USA Trust II and Whiting Petroleum Corporation, respectively (collectively, the “Registration Statement”), including any amendments thereto and the related prospectus that is a part thereof, to our estimates of reserves and value of reserves and our report on reserves as of December 31, 2011 of the underlying properties and net profits interest owned by Whiting USA Trust II and to the inclusion of our report dated December 9, 2011 as an appendix to the prospectus included in the Registration Statement.

We also consent to the references to our firm in the form and context in which they are incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement and the related prospectus that is a part thereof. We hereby further consent to the incorporation by reference of information contained in our report setting forth the estimates of revenues from Whiting Petroleum Corporation’s oil and gas reserves as of December 31, 2010.

We also consent to the references to our firm in the prospectus included in such registration statement, including under the heading “Experts.”

 

Sincerely,
LOGO

 

Cawley, Gillespie & Associates, Inc.
Texas Registered Engineering Firm F-693

December 16, 2011

Fort Worth, Texas

Exhibit 24

POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, That I

Thomas L. Aller

hereby constitute and appoint James J. Volker, Michael J. Stevens and Bruce R. DeBoer, and each of them individually, my true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for me and in my name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign my name as a director of Whiting Petroleum Corporation (the “Company”) to the Registration Statement on Form S-3, any amendments (including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto and any additional registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in Whiting USA Trust II (the “Units”) and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the registration of the above-referenced Units under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or each of them, have done or shall lawfully do by virtue of this Power of Attorney.

WITNESS my hand this 14th day of December, 2011.

 

        /s/ Thomas L. Aller

Thomas L. Aller


POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, That I

D. Sherwin Artus

hereby constitute and appoint James J. Volker, Michael J. Stevens and Bruce R. DeBoer, and each of them individually, my true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for me and in my name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign my name as a director of Whiting Petroleum Corporation (the “Company”) to the Registration Statement on Form S-3, any amendments (including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto and any additional registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in Whiting USA Trust II (the “Units”) and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the registration of the above-referenced Units under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or each of them, have done or shall lawfully do by virtue of this Power of Attorney.

WITNESS my hand this 14th day of December, 2011.

 

        /s/ D. Sherwin Artus

D. Sherwin Artus


POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, That I

Thomas P. Briggs

hereby constitute and appoint James J. Volker, Michael J. Stevens and Bruce R. DeBoer, and each of them individually, my true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for me and in my name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign my name as a director of Whiting Petroleum Corporation (the “Company”) to the Registration Statement on Form S-3, any amendments (including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto and any additional registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in Whiting USA Trust II (the “Units”) and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the registration of the above-referenced Units under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or each of them, have done or shall lawfully do by virtue of this Power of Attorney.

WITNESS my hand this 14th day of December, 2011.

 

        /s/ Thomas P. Briggs

Thomas P. Briggs


POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, That I

Philip E. Doty

hereby constitute and appoint James J. Volker, Michael J. Stevens and Bruce R. DeBoer, and each of them individually, my true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for me and in my name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign my name as a director of Whiting Petroleum Corporation (the “Company”) to the Registration Statement on Form S-3, any amendments (including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto and any additional registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in Whiting USA Trust II (the “Units”) and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the registration of the above-referenced Units under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or each of them, have done or shall lawfully do by virtue of this Power of Attorney.

WITNESS my hand this 14th day of December, 2011.

 

        /s/ Philip E. Doty

Philip E. Doty


POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, That I

William N. Hahne

hereby constitute and appoint James J. Volker, Michael J. Stevens and Bruce R. DeBoer, and each of them individually, my true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for me and in my name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign my name as a director of Whiting Petroleum Corporation (the “Company”) to the Registration Statement on Form S-3, any amendments (including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto and any additional registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in Whiting USA Trust II (the “Units”) and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the registration of the above-referenced Units under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or each of them, have done or shall lawfully do by virtue of this Power of Attorney.

WITNESS my hand this 14th day of December, 2011.

 

        /s/ William N. Hahne

William N. Hahne


POWER OF ATTORNEY

KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, That I

Allan R. Larson

hereby constitute and appoint James J. Volker, Michael J. Stevens and Bruce R. DeBoer, and each of them individually, my true and lawful attorney-in-fact and agent, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for me and in my name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign my name as a director of Whiting Petroleum Corporation (the “Company”) to the Registration Statement on Form S-3, any amendments (including post-effective amendments) or supplements thereto and any additional registration statement pursuant to Rule 462(b) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, relating to the initial public offering of units of beneficial interest in Whiting USA Trust II (the “Units”) and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the registration of the above-referenced Units under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

I hereby ratify and confirm all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or each of them, have done or shall lawfully do by virtue of this Power of Attorney.

WITNESS my hand this 14th day of December, 2011.

 

        /s/ Allan R. Larson

Allan R. Larson