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As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 22, 2013

Registration No. 333-187450

 

 

 

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

AMENDMENT NO. 1

TO

Form S-11

FOR REGISTRATION UNDER

THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OF SECURITIES

OF CERTAIN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES

 

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its governing instruments)

 

 

7047 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 350

Scottsdale, AZ 85254

(480) 474-4800

(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

 

 

Stephen G. Schmitz

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

7047 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 350

Scottsdale, AZ 85254

(480) 474-4800

(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

 

 

Copies to:

 

Daniel M. LeBey, Esq.

Hunton & Williams LLP

Riverfront Plaza, East Tower

951 East Byrd Street

Richmond, VA 23219

(804) 788-8200

(804) 788-8218 (Telecopy)

 

Bartholomew A. Sheehan, Esq.

Sidley Austin LLP

787 Seventh Avenue

New York, NY 10019

(212) 839-5300

(212) 839-5599 (Telecopy)

 

 

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to public: As soon as practicable after the registration statement becomes effective.

If any of the Securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act, check the following box:   x

If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.   ¨

If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box.   ¨

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

 

Large accelerated filer  ¨

   Accelerated filer  ¨    Non-accelerated filer  þ    Smaller reporting company  ¨
  

(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)

 

 

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


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The information in this preliminary prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This preliminary prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale thereof is not permitted.

 

 

PROSPECTUS (Subject to Completion)

Issued April 22, 2013

            Shares

 

LOGO

Common Stock

 

 

 

This is the initial public offering of American Residential Properties, Inc., an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns and manages single-family homes as rental properties. We are offering             shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and the selling stockholder named in this prospectus is offering              shares of our common stock. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the selling stockholder.

 

We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. To assist us in complying with certain federal income tax requirements applicable to REITs, our charter generally limits beneficial and constructive ownership by any person to no more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock. In addition, our charter contains various other restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our common stock. See “Description of Capital Stock—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer” for a description of the ownership and transfer restrictions applicable to our common stock.

 

Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for our common stock. The initial price to public of our common stock is expected to be between $         and $         per share. We intend to apply to list our common stock on the New York Stock Exchange, or the NYSE, under the symbol “            .”

 

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and we will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.

 

Investing in our common stock involves risks. See “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 24.

 

 

 

PRICE $                 PER SHARE

 

 

 

     Price to
Public
   Underwriting
Discounts and
Commissions
   Proceeds, before
Expenses, to Us (1)
   Proceeds,
before
Expenses,
to Selling
Stockholder
Per Share    $                $                $                $            
Total    $                $                $                $            

 

 

(1)   We will also pay certain of the underwriters a structuring fee equal to $             (0.50% of the gross proceeds of this offering to us). In addition, we will pay the fees and expenses related to obtaining the required approval of certain terms of this offering from the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA. See “Underwriting.”

 

We have granted the underwriters an option to purchase up to              additional shares of our common stock from us, at the initial price to public, less underwriting discounts and commissions, within 30 days after the date of this prospectus to cover over-allotments, if any.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

The underwriters expect to deliver the shares of our common stock on                     , 2013.

 

 

 

Morgan Stanley   BofA Merrill Lynch   FBR   Jefferies

 

 

 

Raymond James    Zelman Partners LLC

 

                    , 2013


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

Prospectus Summary

     1   

Risk Factors

     24   

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

     59   

Use of Proceeds

     61   

Distribution Policy

     62   

Capitalization

     63   

Dilution

     64   

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

     66   

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     67   

Industry Overview and Market Opportunity

     81   

Our Business and Investments

     139   

Investment Policies and Policies with Respect to Certain Activities

     168   

Management

     171   

Principal Stockholders

     195   
     Page  

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions

     197   

Selling Stockholder

     199   

Description of Capital Stock

     200   

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

     205   

Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws

     207   

Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement

     213   

Material Federal Income Tax Considerations

     218   

ERISA Considerations

     243   

Underwriting

     246   

Legal Matters

     253   

Experts

     253   

Where You Can Find Additional Information

     253   

Index to Financial Statements

     F-1   
 

 

Through and including                     , 2013 (the 25 th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade the common stock may be required to deliver a prospectus, regardless of whether they are participating in this offering. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by us. We, the selling stockholder and the underwriters have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We, the selling stockholder and the underwriters are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by us is accurate only as of the respective dates of such documents or as of the date or dates which are specified therein. Our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

 

Certain Terms Used in This Prospectus

 

Except where the context suggests otherwise, we define certain terms in this prospectus as follows:

 

“We,” “our,” “us” and “our company” refer to American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including: (1) American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or our operating partnership; (2) American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is our wholly owned subsidiary and the sole general partner of our operating partnership; (3) American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership; and (4) American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or our TRS, that is a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership and that we have elected to treat as a taxable REIT subsidiary.

 

“ARM” refers to American Residential Management, Inc., an entity that is jointly owned by our founders, Stephen G. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Laurie A. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors. ARM holds 175,000 units of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership, or OP units.


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“Phoenix Fund” refers to ARP Phoenix Fund I, LP, a Delaware limited partnership. Phoenix Fund, which as of March 31, 2013 owned 608 single-family homes and 150,000 shares of our common stock, is a fully committed private investment fund that we manage.

 

“Aggregate investment” in a home represents the purchase price, broker commissions, closing costs and capital expenditures associated with the home, including restoration costs incurred to prepare the home for rent.

 

Except where the context suggests otherwise, we define the following metropolitan statistical areas, or MSAs, and metropolitan divisions or metro divisions, in this prospectus as follows:

 

   

“Atlanta, GA” means the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA;

 

   

“Charlotte, NC-SC” means the Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC MSA;

 

   

“Charleston, SC” means the Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA;

 

   

“Chicago, IL” means the Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL metro division;

 

   

“Dallas-Fort Worth, TX” means the Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metropolitan division;

 

   

“Houston, TX” means Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA;

 

   

“Indianapolis, IN” means the Indianapolis-Carmel, IN MSA;

 

   

“Inland Empire, CA” means the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA;

 

   

“Las Vegas, NV” means the Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA;

 

   

“Other-California (non-Inland Empire)” means multiple MSAs in California, not including Inland Empire, CA, in which we own homes;

 

   

“Fort Myers, FL” means the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA;

 

   

“Phoenix, AZ” means the Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA;

 

   

“Raleigh-Cary, NC” means the Raleigh-Cary, NC MSA; and

 

   

“Winston-Salem, NC” means the Winston-Salem, NC MSA.

 

Market, Industry and Other Data

 

We disclose estimates, forecasts and projections throughout this prospectus, in particular in the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Industry Overview and Market Opportunity” and “Our Business and Investments.” We have obtained substantially all of this information from a market study prepared for us in connection with this offering by John Burns Real Estate Consulting, LLC, or JBREC, a real estate consulting firm. We have agreed to pay JBREC a total fee of $62,572 for that market study, of which $16,202 has been paid and $46,370 will be paid upon completion of this offering. Such information is included in this prospectus in reliance on JBREC’s authority as an expert on such matters. The estimates, forecasts and projections prepared by JBREC are based on data (including third-party data), significant assumptions, proprietary methodologies, and the experience and judgment of JBREC. No assurance can be given regarding the accuracy or appropriateness of the assumptions and judgments made, or the methodologies used, by JBREC. There is no assurance that any of the forecasted or projected outcomes will be achieved, and investors should not place undue reliance on them. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update the statements in this prospectus to conform to actual outcomes or changes in our or JBREC’s expectations. See “Experts.”

 

In addition, we have obtained certain market and industry data from publicly available industry publications. These sources generally state that the information they provide has been derived from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of the information are not guaranteed. We believe that these data are generally reliable, but we have not independently verified this information.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

This prospectus summary highlights some of the information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Because it is a summary, it does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the information set forth under the caption “Risk Factors,” as well as the financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in this prospectus assumes (1) the shares of our common stock to be sold in this offering will be sold at an initial price to public of $             per share, which is the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, and (2) no exercise of the over-allotment option described on the front cover page of this prospectus.

 

Our Company

 

American Residential Properties, Inc. is an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns and manages single-family homes as rental properties. In 2008, our founders, Stephen G. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Laurie A. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, identified a unique opportunity to acquire homes at distressed pricing and lease them at attractive rental rates. They subsequently began developing a vertically integrated platform to acquire and manage single-family homes on an institutional scale. We were formed to expand upon our founders’ vision, strategy and platform, through which, as of March 31, 2013, they have acquired 3,139 homes since 2008.

 

As of March 31, 2013, we owned 2,531 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas with an aggregate investment of $293.1 million, and we managed an additional 608 properties for Phoenix Fund in Arizona and Nevada. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have contracted to acquire 785 single-family homes for a total purchase price of approximately $84.5 million, of which 43 homes are in Arizona, 4 homes are in California, 66 homes are in Florida, 25 homes are in Georgia, 35 homes are in Illinois, 114 homes are in Indiana, 214 homes are in North Carolina, 9 homes are in South Carolina and 275 homes are in Texas. We actively evaluate new markets to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

Our primary business strategy is to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as well-maintained investment properties to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns over the long-term. We believe our founders’ four years of direct experience in the single-family rental sector provides us with the expertise to successfully execute our business strategy nationally to institutional standards. We have the infrastructure to acquire large numbers of properties through multiple acquisition channels. We source individual properties through auctions and brokers, and portfolios of properties through brokerages or directly from operators, investors or banks, and, in the future, we may source assets from these channels and government-sponsored entities, or GSEs. We have the experience and resources necessary to restore homes to “rent-ready” condition in an efficient and cost-effective manner, to a standard that we believe appeals to our target tenants’ preferences, enabling us to attract qualified tenants and to provide a high level of service to retain our tenants. We believe that our vertically integrated acquisition and management platform is critical to executing our strategy.

 

In addition to our primary business strategy of acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family homes, we have a private mortgage financing strategy that generates attractive returns on invested capital and provides us access to acquisition opportunities and valuable market data. As of March 31, 2013, our private mortgage portfolio had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $25.3 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 12.1% per annum and a weighted-average remaining term of 146 days. We also owned an additional $1.2 million in long-term mortgage investments. Additionally, for the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we funded or committed to fund approximately $10.0 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will fund all of the loans that we have committed to fund.

 

 

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Our History and Capitalization

 

In October 2008, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes co-founded American Residential Properties, LLC, or ARP LLC, a private investment firm, to capitalize on the extraordinary price deterioration in the single-family housing sector following the collapse in the housing and mortgage industries. Using their own capital, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes began acquiring single-family homes with the intent of managing them as rental properties and developing a vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform. In February 2010, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes launched Phoenix Fund, a private investment fund formed to invest opportunistically in single-family homes as rental properties, which is now fully committed and has purchased 608 homes. We were formed in March 2012 to expand upon our founders’ vision, strategy and platform. As part of our formation transactions, we completed an initial private offering of our common stock in May 2012, raising gross proceeds of approximately $223.9 million and acquired the proprietary, vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform developed by our founders. In December 2012, we raised an additional approximately $147.3 million of gross proceeds in a follow-on private offering of our common stock. In January 2013, we raised an additional approximately $0.8 million of gross proceeds in a direct private placement of our common stock. We are in the process of deploying the net proceeds from the follow-on private offering and the private placement to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes and to provide short-term private mortgage financing in accordance with our business strategy.

 

Industry Overview and Market Opportunity

 

Residential housing is the largest real estate asset class in the United States with a size of approximately $17.7 trillion, according to the 2012 fourth quarter Federal Reserve Flow of Funds release. Historically, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately one-third of this asset class has been rented and single-family homes currently comprise roughly one-third of all residential rental housing.

 

While a large and growing asset class, single-family rental properties have historically been managed by relatively small-scale, “mom and pop” owner-operators or by a limited number of local and regional property management organizations. More recently, the ownership profile of single-family rental properties has shifted to larger investors and national owner-operators, including our company, seeking to efficiently acquire large numbers of homes at distressed values, generate attractive rental cash flow streams and benefit from any potential future home price appreciation. We believe the return profile, from rental yields and the potential for home price appreciation, is significant enough to encourage investment in the systems, structures and technologies that can make possible economies of scale, resulting in an opportunity for broader industry consolidation by larger and better-capitalized investors that are introducing a higher standard of institutional management to this asset class.

 

After nearly a decade of solid home price appreciation from 1998 to 2006, which we believe in many markets was in excess of underlying fundamentals, a significant over-correction has occurred in the pricing of the single-family housing sector. Home prices declined approximately 35% in some of the largest U.S. housing markets (as measured by the not-seasonally adjusted S&P/Case-Shiller Composite 20 Home Price Index from its peak on July 1, 2006 to its trough on March 1, 2012). We believe that home prices continue to be significantly below replacement costs in many of these markets. Additionally, over the next five years, a substantial number of non-performing loans will need to be resolved, including through foreclosure, short sale or conversion through a bank deed-for-lease program. As a result, we believe there may be the opportunity for experienced and well-capitalized operators to acquire large volumes of single-family rental homes at attractive pricing and generate operational efficiencies. We believe these dynamics will result in the emergence of a small number of leaders in a fragmented market.

 

Over the past two years, the U.S. rental housing market has begun a sustained recovery. In many markets, rental vacancy has fallen and rents have risen, even in areas hardest hit during the housing and economic

 

 

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downturn. Specifically, the recent drop in home prices, constraints on mortgage lending, job volatility requiring greater geographic mobility, economic uncertainty, evolving demographics and expanded rental options are changing the way many Americans live. Many people, who in the past might have become homeowners, are instead becoming long-term renters of single-family homes. According to JBREC, for every 1.0% decline in the homeownership rate, the occupants of approximately 1.1 million homes become prospective tenants, and JBREC believes that the homeownership rate will continue to decrease through 2015 and then begin to increase again. While single-family prices are in the early stages of recovery, multi-family prices have been improving during the last two years and have returned to levels on par with early 2006, as measured by the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries, or NCREIF, Index. Although multi-family and single-family homes do not generally compete for the same tenants due to demographic and preference differences, we believe that many of the same characteristics that make multi-family properties attractive to investors apply to single-family homes.

 

We believe that there has been an over-correction in housing prices in certain housing markets, which has led to home prices being significantly below replacement cost in many of these markets. As the economy slowly strengthens and the housing market returns to long-term pricing norms or reverts to mean pricing levels, we believe there is the potential for home price appreciation. We also believe that there continues to be a large amount of potential supply that we can purchase at potentially attractive pricing. According to Mortgage Bankers Association data, a total of 4.7 million single-family residential mortgage loans are currently non-performing.

 

We believe these factors taken together contribute to the single-family rental asset class potentially generating attractive risk-adjusted returns to investors through both current and growing yield as well as through home price appreciation. Furthermore, we believe that by acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing homes in markets that meet our selection criteria we can provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our stockholders.

 

Our Competitive Strengths

 

Our company is differentiated from others in the market by the following strengths, which we believe provide us with a formidable competitive advantage to successfully execute our business strategy:

 

   

Pioneer in Institutionalizing the Single-Family Rental Sector . Our founders were early to recognize a unique opportunity to institutionalize ownership and management of the single-family rental sector. Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes successfully acted on this foresight by founding ARP LLC in 2008, launching Phoenix Fund in 2010 and forming our company in 2012. Through our company and Phoenix Fund, our founders have raised a total of approximately $416.1 million of equity capital and, as of March 31, 2013, acquired 3,139 homes. We believe that the expertise, experience and innovative thinking of our founders provide us the foundation necessary to successfully execute our business strategy with institutional quality on a national scale.

 

   

Proven Track Record Operating in the Single-Family Rental Sector . Our founders have over four years of direct experience acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family rental homes, which we believe is one of the longest track records of any large-scale operator in the single-family rental sector. Specifically, our founders have been instrumental in all activities related to the underwriting, acquisition, restoration, leasing and management of single-family homes. Given the scale, geographic dispersion and asset granularity necessary to successfully operate in the single-family rental sector, we believe our experience and established platform provide us with a meaningful competitive advantage.

 

   

Internally Managed Company with an Aligned Governance Structure . We believe that our internally managed structure aligns management and stockholder interests, avoiding the conflicts of interest and additional fees common in many externally managed companies . Additionally, we believe that we will achieve greater operational efficiencies and realize superior economies of scale as compared to externally managed companies, as our portfolio grows. By performing property management functions internally for our self-managed properties, we establish direct relationships with our tenants and have

 

 

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tighter control over the quality and the cost of restoration, ongoing tenant services and re-tenanting . In addition, we believe that we will benefit from the significant public REIT experience and other public company experience of our executive team and independent directors.

 

   

Scalable, Vertically Integrated Real Estate Acquisition and Management Platform . We have a scalable, institutional-quality real estate acquisition and management platform that we believe is one of the most established in the single-family rental sector. We believe our platform is critical to growing a high-volume acquisition business and achieving the national scale contemplated for our company. Our platform integrates proprietary processes and technology that support the functions necessary to grow and manage a large portfolio of single-family rental homes, including: property-sourcing research and analytics; property underwriting; property restoration evaluation, cost budgeting, workflow monitoring and quality control; prospective tenant credit underwriting; property leasing; and ongoing property management and tenant services.

 

   

Portfolio of Scale in Markets with Attractive Investment Characteristics . We invest in markets that we believe possess attractive housing and rental fundamentals . As of March 31, 2013, we had purchased 2,531 homes in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have contracted to acquire 785 single-family homes for a total purchase price of approximately $84.5 million, of which 43 homes are in Arizona, 4 homes are in California, 66 homes are in Florida, 25 homes are in Georgia, 35 homes are in Illinois, 114 homes are in Indiana, 214 homes are in North Carolina, 9 homes are in South Carolina and 275 homes are in Texas. We actively evaluate new markets to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

   

Disciplined Investment Strategy and Key Strategic Relationships . We will seek to continue acquiring properties to create a substantial portfolio of appealing, affordable and well-managed single-family homes for rent. We focus on markets that we believe have strong near- and long-term supply and demand fundamentals for rental housing, and we focus on properties that we believe can be rented to qualified tenants at attractive yields. In addition, through our founders’ four years of “hands-on” experience in the single-family rental sector, we have a deep network of relationships with portfolio owner-operators across the country. Through these owner-operators, we have been able to source attractive portfolio acquisitions, and we believe they may provide us with additional attractive privately negotiated acquisition opportunities that in some cases may not be available to other market participants.

 

   

Demonstrated Ability to Access Institutional Debt and Equity Capital . We believe the ability to access and secure institutional capital is an increasingly important driver of success in the single-family rental sector, and our founders have demonstrated their ability to access and secure significant amounts of institutional debt and equity capital. For example, they secured for Phoenix Fund one of the first institutional asset-based debt financing facilities in the single-family rental sector, and we have obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. In addition, we have raised approximately $372.0 million in gross proceeds from diversified groups of institutional investors and others: approximately $223.9 million in gross proceeds in our initial private offering completed in May 2012, approximately $147.3 million in gross proceeds in our follow-on private offering completed in December 2012 and approximately $0.8 million in gross proceeds in a direct private placement completed in January 2013. We believe that our founders’ extensive capital-raising track record since 2009 and our senior officers’ strong institutional relationships will provide us access to significant amounts of capital, across a wide variety of sources and structures, and at attractive terms, to facilitate our growth.

 

 

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Senior Management Team Depth and Experience . We believe the extensive single-family rental sector experience of our executive team coupled with their relationships and expertise in real estate, public and private capital markets, finance, information technology, systems development and operations will drive our business and growth. Both Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, have more than 30 years of experience originating, underwriting, financing, acquiring and managing various classes of commercial and residential real estate, as both intermediaries and principals, together completing more than $25 billion of commercial and residential real estate transactions. Shant Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer, has over 17 years of experience, including experience as a chief financial officer and a senior executive of a publicly traded REIT. Andrew G. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, has over 22 years of experience, including senior management and legal roles at a publicly traded REIT, and has participated in the origination of several billion dollars in real estate and structured finance transactions. Lani B Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations, has spent over 17 years working on technology-oriented real estate solutions, particularly in the context of high-volume, small-asset business models.

 

Our Business and Growth Strategies

 

Our primary objective is to be a leader in the creation and expansion of the single-family rental business as an institutional-quality asset class with national scale. We believe we can achieve this objective through the following strategies:

 

   

Active Property Management . We seek to ensure tenant satisfaction by providing high-quality service at our self-managed properties. Our internally managed and vertically integrated property management platform allows us to control all aspects of a rental home, including restoring a newly acquired home, actively supervising its leasing, maintaining property quality and opportunistically selling it when appropriate. Our founders have direct field experience with all aspects of the acquisition, restoration and management of single-family homes and provide “hands-on” oversight to all facets of our business. We believe that our ability to improve asset quality and tenant retention, increase our homes’ useful lives and decrease turnover costs is an important element of our business and is instrumental in driving stockholder returns.

 

   

Disciplined Acquisition Strategy and Expertise in Privately Negotiated Sourcing . We plan to continue acquiring high-quality, single-family homes in select submarkets that meet our disciplined market selection criteria, such as above-average median household incomes, well-regarded school districts and low crime levels. We believe these characteristics will attract creditworthy tenants, produce high rental rates and occupancy levels, help to generate long-term home price appreciation and provide our stockholders with attractive risk-adjusted returns.

 

We source acquisition opportunities through a variety of channels. We source individual property purchases through auction, short-sale, real estate owned, or REO, and traditional multiple-listing services, or MLS, processes. We source portfolios of leased and vacant properties through brokerages or directly from operators, investors or banks. Due to the depth of our industry knowledge, experience, relationships and position as a prominent industry operator, we believe we have access to investment opportunities that are “privately negotiated” and not available to other industry participants or capital providers.

 

In new markets, we sometimes acquire portfolios of leased properties from established and well-respected local operators who share our philosophy of intensive asset management and tenant service through our “preferred operator” program. In this program, we acquire portfolios of leased properties for which the operator retains day-to-day management responsibilities pursuant to a longer-term lease.

 

 

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In these arrangements, the operator is responsible for all property-related expenses and we receive payments from the operator that escalate over the term of the lease. As of March 31, 2013, 1,010 of our properties were leased to and managed by local operators through our preferred operator program.

 

   

Targeted Geographic Expansion . Our portfolio is diversified across several geographic markets, and we have properties under contract in several new markets. We continually monitor the markets in which we operate and evaluate new markets on an ongoing basis to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. Currently, we are evaluating markets in the following states for investment, each of which we believe meets our investment criteria: Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Oregon, Tennessee and Washington. We believe that our strategy to have and grow a geographically diverse investment portfolio provides us with the ability to expand our market presence where the supply and demand characteristics create the most compelling acquisition and rental opportunities. As further described under “Our Business and Investments—Investment Criteria for Market Selection,” we select our markets based a comprehensive set of investment criteria, including strength of rental demand and rates of job growth, population growth and unemployment.

 

   

Capitalize on an Industry Consolidation Opportunity . According to JBREC, as of February 2013, approximately 10.5% of the residential market was comprised of single-family rental housing, representing approximately 14.0 million homes. Historically, most of these single-family rental homes have been owned either by local “mom and pop” operators or, more recently, short-term, trade-oriented asset accumulators. Due to our extensive experience in the single-family rental sector and our vertically integrated, internally managed structure, together with the depth of our network of relationships and financial resources, we believe that we are well-positioned as an early-moving industry consolidator to capitalize on this opportunity.

 

   

Maintain Conservative Growth-Oriented Capital Structure . We believe that having a flexible and conservative capital structure provides us with an advantage over many of our competitors. We have obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. While we expect that debt will be an important component of our capital structure over time, we plan to maintain a conservative balance sheet to facilitate execution of our business strategy.

 

Our Business Activities and Operations

 

Since we commenced investment activities in May 2012, we have acquired, restored, leased and operated a significant portfolio of single-family homes. As of March 31, 2013, we owned 2,531 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas.

 

 

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States in Which We Own Single-Family Homes

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

LOGO

 

The following three tables present summary statistics of our single-family homes by MSA and metro division as of March 31, 2013. The first table includes our entire portfolio of single-family homes. The second table includes only the single-family homes that we manage. The third table includes only the single-family homes that our preferred operators manage.

 

Total Portfolio of Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Aggregate
Investment
    Average
Investment
Per  Home (1)
    Percent
Leased (2)
    Average  Age
(years)
    Average Size
(square feet)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    1,045      $ 135,307,596      $ 129,481        83     17        1,694   

Chicago, IL

    304      $ 39,756,816      $ 130,779        100     57        1,396   

Inland Empire, CA

    209      $ 36,060,024      $ 172,536        70     15        1,914   

Winston-Salem, NC

    136      $ 15,733,024      $ 115,684        82     11        1,327   

Indianapolis, IN

    265      $ 14,194,815      $ 53,565        95     57        1,199   

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    78      $ 12,381,876      $ 158,742        86     11        2,141   

Atlanta, GA

    169      $ 11,923,660      $ 70,554        95     20        1,515   

Other-California (non-Inland Empire )

    82      $ 9,597,854      $ 117,047        28     36        1,336   

Las Vegas, NV

    63      $ 6,465,244      $ 102,623        94     14        1,533   

Fort Myers, FL

    138      $ 6,347,448      $ 45,996        100     9        1,126   

Houston, TX

    24      $ 2,867,232      $ 119,468        100     7        1,808   

Raleigh-Cary, NC

    6      $ 1,181,004      $ 196,834            13        2,347   

Charlotte, NC-SC

    11      $ 1,120,097      $ 101,827        100     6        1,859   

Charleston, SC

    1      $ 136,520      $ 136,520            7        1,360   
 

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total / Weighted Average

    2,531      $ 293,073,210      $ 115,793        86     25        1,563   
 

 

 

   

 

 

         

 

 

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(1)   For self-managed homes, represents average purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) plus average capital expenditures. For preferred operator program homes, represents purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) paid by us for the portfolio divided by the number of homes in the portfolio and does not include past, expected or budgeted general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment. The preferred operator is obligated to pay for all taxes, insurance, other expenses and capital expenditures (including significant capital improvements) required for the management, operation and maintenance of the properties. Accordingly, absent a default by the preferred operator under a long-term lease agreement with us, we expect to incur no expenses related to properties under our preferred operator program, other than general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment.
(2)   Includes both self-managed homes and preferred operator program homes. We classify homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased, because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants. This does not mean that 100% of the homes leased to preferred operators are occupied by residential sub-tenants. If a preferred operator is unable to lease a material portion of the homes it leases from us to residential sub-tenants, it may adversely affect such operator’s ability to pay rent to us under the lease. We are also eligible to receive percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes.

 

 

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Portfolio of Self-Managed Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

                                                    Leased Homes  

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Average
Purchase
Price Per
Home (1)
    Average
Capital
Expenditures
Per Home (2)
    Average
Investment
Per Home (3)
    Aggregate
Investment
    Percentage
Leased
    Average
Age
(years)
    Average
Size
(square
feet)
    Average
Monthly
Rent Per
Leased
Home
    Annual
Average
Rent per
Leased
Home as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per Leased
Home (4)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    887      $ 138,686      $ 1,804      $ 140,490      $ 124,614,630        80     11.2        1,775      $ 1,032        8.9

Inland Empire, CA

    209      $ 155,931      $ 16,605      $ 172,536      $ 36,060,024        70     15.4        1,914      $ 1,393        9.8

Winston-Salem, NC

    136      $ 115,619      $ 65      $ 115,684      $ 15,733,024        82     11.0        1,327      $ 1,076        11.3

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    78      $ 157,904      $ 838      $ 158,742      $ 12,381,876        86     11.3        2,141      $ 1,505        11.3

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

    82      $ 107,776      $ 9,271      $ 117,047      $ 9,597,854        28     35.6        1,336      $ 1,215        10.5

Las Vegas, NV

    50      $ 103,084      $ 9,012      $ 112,096      $ 5,604,800        92     6.7        1,620      $ 1,052        11.4

Houston, TX

    24      $ 119,372      $ 96      $ 119,468      $ 2,867,232        100     6.8        1,808      $ 1,213        12.2

Indianapolis, IN

    20      $ 101,500      $ 65      $ 101,565      $ 2,031,300        40     7.8        1,480      $ 1,047        13.4

Atlanta, GA

    28      $ 66,659      $ 2,174      $ 68,833      $ 1,927,324        68     26.0        1,429      $ 884        15.1

Raleigh-Cary, NC

    6      $ 196,536      $ 298      $ 196,834      $ 1,181,004            13.3        2,347      $       

Charleston, SC

    1      $ 136,455      $ 65      $ 136,520      $ 136,520            7.3        1,360      $       
 

 

 

         

 

 

           

Total / Weighted Average

    1,521      $ 135,249      $ 4,222      $ 139,471      $ 212,135,588        76     13.1        1,736      $ 1,115        9.6
 

 

 

         

 

 

           

 

(1)   Average purchase price includes broker commissions and closing costs.
(2)   Represents average capital expenditures per home as of March 31, 2013. Does not include additional expected or future capital expenditures.
(3)   Represents average purchase price plus average capital expenditures.
(4)   Represents annualized average monthly rent per leased home as a percentage of our average investment (average purchase price per home plus average capital expenditures) per leased home. Does not include a provision for payment of ongoing property expenses (such as insurance, taxes, HOA fees and maintenance) or an allocation of our general and administrative expense, all of which materially impact our results. Accordingly, it should not be interpreted as a measure of profitability, and its utility in evaluating our business is limited. Average monthly rent for leased homes may not be indicative of average rents we may achieve on our vacant homes.

 

 

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Portfolio of Preferred Operator Program Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Average
Investment
Per
Home (1)
    Aggregate
Investment
    Percent
Leased (2)
    Average
Age
(years)
    Average
Size
(square
feet)
    Average
Monthly
Rent Per
Home
Paid by
Preferred
Operator
to Us (3)
    Annual
Rent as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per
Home (4)
 

Chicago, IL

    304      $ 130,779      $ 39,756,816        100     57        1,396      $ 781        7.2

Indianapolis, IN

    245      $ 49,647      $ 12,163,515        100     62        1,176      $ 372        9.0

Phoenix, AZ

    158      $ 67,677      $ 10,692,966        100     47        1,239      $ 451        8.0

Atlanta, GA

    141      $ 70,896      $ 9,996,336        100     19        1,532      $ 473        8.0

Fort Myers, FL

    138      $ 45,996      $ 6,347,448        100     9        1,126      $ 307        8.0

Charlotte, NC-SC

 

 

11

  

 

$

101,827

  

 

$

1,120,097

  

    100  

 

6

  

 

 

1,859

  

 

$

636

  

 

 

7.5

Las Vegas, NV

    13      $ 66,188      $ 860,444        100     42        1,198      $ 441        8.0
 

 

 

     

 

 

           

Total /Weighted Average

    1,010      $ 80,136      $ 80,937,622        100     44        1,303      $ 516        7.7
 

 

 

     

 

 

           

 

(1)   Represents purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) paid by us for the portfolio divided by the number of homes in the portfolio and does not include past, expected or budgeted general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment. The preferred operator is obligated to pay for all taxes, insurance, other expenses and capital expenditures (including significant capital improvements) required for the management, operation and maintenance of the properties. Accordingly, absent a default by the preferred operator under a long-term lease agreement with us, we expect to incur no expenses related to properties under our preferred operator program, other than general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment.
(2)   We classify homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased, because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants. This does not mean that 100% of the homes leased to preferred operators are occupied by residential sub-tenants. If a preferred operator is unable to lease a material portion of the homes it leases from us to residential sub-tenants, it may adversely affect such operator’s ability to pay rent to us under the lease. We are also eligible to receive percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes.
(3)   Represents the initial annual base rent payable to us by the preferred operate pursuant to the portfolio lease divided by 12 and then divided by the number of homes included in the lease. Does not include percentage rents we are also eligible to receive in addition to base rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. The percentage rents we are eligible to receive fluctuate based on both the occupancy rates of the underlying homes and the rental rates paid by the residential sub-tenants.
(4)   Represents annualized average monthly rent paid by preferred operator to us as a percentage of our average investment per home.

 

 

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The following charts present our homes as of March 31, 2013 by purchase price and by square footage.

 

LOGO    LOGO

 

Stabilized Properties

 

When we acquire a property that is not leased, we must possess, restore, market and lease the property before it becomes a revenue generating asset. We refer to this process as property stabilization. Based on our founders’ prior experience, we anticipate that, on average, the stabilization period for each non-leased property will range from 90 to 180 days, depending on factors such as the channel through which the property was acquired, the age and condition of the property and whether the property was vacant when we acquired it. Similarly, the time to market and lease a property is driven by local demand, our marketing techniques and the size of our available inventory. Consequently, we expect that most properties that were not leased at the time of acquisition should be stabilized within six months thereafter and that properties owned for more than six months provide the best indication of how our portfolio will perform over the long-term. As of March 31, 2013, we owned 729 properties for six months or longer, 82% of which were leased (classifying 138 homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants).

 

 

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The following table presents summary statistics of our portfolio of self-managed single-family homes we owned for at least six months as of March 31, 2013.

 

Portfolio of Self-Managed Properties Owned for Six Months or Longer—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

                                              Leased Homes  

MSA / Metro Division

  Number
of Homes
    Average
Purchase
Price Per
Home (1)
    Average
Capital
Expenditure
Per Home (2)
    Average
Investment
Per
Home (3)
    Homes
Leased
    Homes
Vacant (4)
    Percentage
Leased
    Average
Monthly
Rent
Per
Leased
Home
    Annual
Average
Rent Per
Leased
Home as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per Leased
Home (5)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    327      $ 124,923      $ 2,007      $ 126,930        281        46        86   $ 979        9.4

Inland Empire, CA

    193      $ 158,136      $ 16,834      $ 174,970        136        57        71   $ 1,403        9.8

Las Vegas, NV

    34      $ 100,374      $ 8,100      $ 108,474        33        1        97   $ 1,019        11.3

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

    32      $ 102,837      $ 12,198      $ 115,035        6        26        19   $ 1,285        12.3

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    5      $ 173,024      $ 2,312      $ 175,336        5               100   $ 1,725        11.8
 

 

 

         

 

 

   

 

 

       

Total / Weighted Average

    591      $ 133,568      $ 7,754      $ 141,322        461        130        78   $ 1,119        9.7
 

 

 

         

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

(1)   Average purchase price includes broker commissions and closing costs.
(2)   Represents average capital expenditures per home as of March 31, 2013. Does not include additional expected or future capital expenditures.
(3)   Represents average purchase price plus average capital expenditures.
(4)   As of March 31, 2013, 87 homes were available for rent, 36 homes were undergoing renovation and seven homes had unauthorized occupants.
(5)   Represents annualized average monthly rent per leased home as a percentage of our average investment (average purchase price per home plus average capital expenditures) per leased home. Does not include a provision for payment of ongoing property expenses (such as insurance, taxes, HOA fees and maintenance) or an allocation of our general and administrative expense, all of which materially impact our results. Accordingly, it should not be interpreted as a measure of profitability, and its utility in evaluating our business is limited. Average monthly rent for leased homes may not be indicative of average rents we may achieve on our vacant homes.

 

Private Mortgage Portfolio

 

As a supplement to our primary business strategy of acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family homes, we also have a private mortgage financing strategy that generates attractive returns on invested capital and provides us access to acquisition opportunities and valuable market data. Private mortgage financings are generally secured by first mortgage liens on single-family homes and are generally structured as interest only notes with short-term balloon maturities. Proceeds from these loans generally are used to finance the acquisition of homes for short-term resale or to provide temporary financing to investors who intend to refinance their acquisition of homes with longer term bank financing. As of March 31, 2013, our private mortgage portfolio had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $25.3 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 12.1% per annum and a weighted-average remaining term of 146 days. We also owned an additional $1.2 million in long-term mortgage investments. To date, the properties securing the mortgage loans we have funded have been in Arizona, California and Nevada. Additionally, for the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we funded or committed to fund approximately $10.0 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will fund all of the loans that we have committed to fund.

 

 

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Acquisition Activity

 

We have aggressively grown our portfolio of single-family homes and our portfolio of private mortgage loans in a disciplined manner and intend to continue to do so. The following chart illustrates our monthly acquisition activity for the period from June 1, 2012 through March 31, 2013.

 

Acquisition Activity (June 1, 2012 through March 31, 2013)

 

LOGO

 

Note:   Items marked “(LHS)” in graph above are measured against the left-hand-side vertical axis, and items marked “(RHS)” are measured against the right-hand-side vertical axis.

 

Our Investment Process

 

We have a scalable real estate acquisition and management platform that we believe is among the most advanced in the single-family rental sector. Our founders began developing our platform in 2008, and the platform has been expanded and refined based upon actual operating experience over the past four years. Our platform integrates proprietary processes and technology that support the functions necessary for the acquisition and management of single-family homes on an institutional scale. We use our proven technology to identify attractive markets and investments and to restore and manage our properties.

 

Investment Criteria for Market Selection

 

Our acquisition strategy is based upon extensive market research. Notwithstanding the large number of homeowners experiencing financial distress, not all regions of the country offer attractive investment opportunities. When identifying desirable markets, we focus on factors such as the magnitude of housing price declines, strength of rental demand and rates of job growth, population growth and unemployment. We use data from a variety of sources and evaluate macroeconomic and microeconomic inputs (including housing market,

 

 

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demographic and economic data). Within markets that meet our selection criteria, we seek to identify the submarkets, subdivisions and neighborhoods that offer the most attractive mix of housing prices, rental demand and rental rates, which are often characterized by good access to transportation networks and employment centers, good schools and low levels of crime.

 

Our Property Management Process

 

We have the infrastructure, systems and personnel to provide the continuum of property management services, including securing a property upon acquisition, coordinating with utility companies, controlling the restoration process, managing the leasing process, communicating with tenants, collecting rents, conducting periodic inspections, managing routine property maintenance and repair, paying sales taxes and homeowners’ association, or HOA, fees and interfacing with vendors and contractors.

 

We currently own properties in ten states, and we have a total of approximately 29 employees (26 in Arizona, one in Illinois, one in Maine and one in Texas) who perform property management functions. We are directing several hundred restoration and re-tenancy projects, supervising the efforts of general contractors and sub-contractors nationwide and managing HOA memberships and utility services of all of our self-managed properties. The following functions are performed internally by our employees with respect to our self-managed properties: communicate with and receive all general inquiries and maintenance requests from our tenants; coordinate, supervise, approve and monitor completion of required work with third-party vendors, including but not limited to electricians, general contractors, HVAC technicians, landscaping professionals and plumbers; coordinate and supervise periodic property inspections performed by a combination of internal employees and service providers; coordinate, bid, award, supervise, monitor and inspect restoration and re-tenancy projects performed by third party general contractors; establish and cancel utility services upon lease commencement or lease expiration; communicate, monitor, coordinate and comply with all HOAs of which we are a member. By performing these functions internally with respect to our self-managed portfolio, we believe that we establish improved communications, foster direct relationships with tenants and gain tighter control over the quality and cost of restorations and property maintenance. In addition, we believe that our bottom-line focus will allow us to provide property management services for our self-managed portfolio more efficiently than other market participants who may contract with third parties on a fee-for-services approach.

 

Additionally, our tenants can make maintenance requests on a 24-hour basis through our website or emergency telephone hotline, both of which are administered and managed from our headquarters office. Upon receiving a maintenance request, our maintenance personnel and systems quickly identify an appropriate service provider from our network of vendor relationships and dispatch repair personnel to the home. We continually strive to exceed our tenants’ expectations with respect to maintenance and service in an effort to retain tenants and maintain the value of our properties.

 

Technology and Systems

 

We believe that robust information technology is essential to efficiently acquire and manage a large-scale portfolio of single-family rental homes. We have a scalable real estate acquisition and management platform, which our founders began developing in 2008 and have been expanding and refining over the past four years, that we believe is among the most advanced in the single-family rental sector. This technology is critical to expanding our business, seeking to maximize revenues and minimize expenses and achieving economies of scale. Our systems are designed to enable us to gather and evaluate large amounts of housing, demographic and economic data to support our ongoing acquisition activities. We are able to quickly evaluate opportunities presented through our various acquisition channels and adjust to rapidly changing market conditions. Additionally, the economic and market data captured by our systems allow us to evaluate potential mortgage investments as a supplement to our home acquisition activities as a means of seeking enhanced current return. Our systems also

 

 

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accumulate and analyze data at the individual property and portfolio levels. We capture, update and monitor economic and physical information about a property throughout the period of our ownership and management. This allows us to efficiently develop a restoration program, negotiate with and engage third-party vendors and service providers, market and lease our properties and monitor the value, market position and physical condition of our properties on an ongoing basis.

 

Technology is also essential to enhance tenant satisfaction, which we believe is an important means of reducing tenant turnover. In addition to offering 24-hour maintenance requests by telephone or through our website, we offer our tenants convenient ways to pay rent, including electronically.

 

Management of Phoenix Fund

 

As of March 31, 2013, we managed 608 properties for Phoenix Fund, a fully committed private investment fund formed by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes in 2010 to invest opportunistically in single-family homes as rental properties. From the completion of our initial private offering through February 11, 2013, our TRS managed the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a sub-management agreement with ARM. Since February 11, 2013, our TRS has managed the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a management agreement with Phoenix Fund. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

 

Our Financing Strategy

 

As of March 31, 2013, all of our assets were purchased with cash on hand and borrowings of approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility. In the future, we expect to prudently finance our operations, in part, with borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility and with various other types of indebtedness. In January 2013, we obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility is secured by our ownership interest in American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. In addition to customary affirmative and negative covenants, the credit agreement requires us to comply with various financial covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a minimum tangible net worth and a minimum liquidity amount. As of March 31, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $46.0 million, and approximately $31.3 million outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

 

Our Formation Transactions and Structure

 

We were incorporated in Maryland in March 2012. Our initial stockholders were Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, each of whom purchased 500 shares of our common stock upon our incorporation for a price of $1.00 per share.

 

We own all of our assets and conduct substantially all of our operations through American Residential Properties OP, L.P., or our operating partnership, and its subsidiaries, including American Residential Leasing Company, LLC. Our wholly owned subsidiary, American Residential GP, LLC, is the sole general partner of our operating partnership and the entity through which we have the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business and affairs of our operating partnership.

 

 

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Upon closing our initial private offering in May 2012, we issued 11,198,757 shares of our common stock to various institutional investors and accredited investors at an offering price of $20.00 per share, and we received approximately $209.9 million of net proceeds, before expenses. Upon closing our follow-on private offering in December 2012, we issued 7,187,500 shares of our common stock to various institutional investors and accredited investors at an offering price of $20.50 per share, and we received approximately $139.2 million of net proceeds, before expenses. Upon closing our direct private placement in January 2013, we issued 37,600 shares of our common stock at a price of $20.50 per share, and we received approximately $0.8 million of gross proceeds, before expenses. We contributed the net proceeds from these offerings and our incorporation to our operating partnership in exchange for an aggregate of 18,424,857 OP units. In addition, upon closing our initial private offering, we acquired substantially all of the assets of ARM, a company co-owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, pursuant to a contribution and sale agreement between our operating partnership and ARM. ARM is the vehicle within which our founders further developed our proprietary real estate acquisition and management platform. Our operating partnership issued 175,000 OP units to ARM and we paid $85,000 in cash as consideration for our acquisition of the ARM assets. As a result, upon completion of our initial private offering, we owned our founders’ proprietary real estate acquisition and management platform. We consider May 11, 2012, the closing date of our initial private offering and of our acquisition of the ARM assets, to be the date on which we first commenced investment activities. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.” In our initial private offering in May 2012, Phoenix Fund purchased 150,000 shares of our common stock at the offering price.

 

We have granted a total of 522,297 long-term incentive plan units, or LTIP units, and restricted shares of our common stock to our officers, employees and directors under the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, or our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. In connection with this offering, we will issue LTIP units having an aggregate value of $8.75 million to our named executive officers under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, we will issue              LTIP units to these executives; the actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in this offering. In lieu of receiving LTIP units, one of our executives may elect to receive up to $1.1 million of this award in the form of a like number restricted shares of our common stock; unless otherwise noted, the information in this prospectus assumes that this award will be satisfied with LTIP units. Giving effect to these outstanding vested and unvested awards, upon completion of this offering and assuming the entire offering award is satisfied with LTIP units, we will have a     % partnership interest (including our 1.0% general partnership interest) in our operating partnership, our officers, employees and directors as a group will have a     % partnership interest in our operating partnership and ARM will have a     % partnership interest in our operating partnership.

 

 

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The following chart illustrates our organizational structure, after giving effect to this offering:

LOGO

 

(1)   Includes investors from our initial private offering, our follow-on private offering and our direct private placement.
(2)   Includes 15,875 restricted shares of our common stock held by certain of our employees and 150,000 shares of our common stock held by Phoenix Fund.
(3)  

After giving effect to an aggregate of 506,422 vested and unvested LTIP units that have been granted to our officers and                  LTIP units (based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus) to be issued to our named executive officers in connection with this offering. In lieu

 

 

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  of receiving LTIP units, one of our executives may elect to receive up to $1.1 million of this award in the form of a like number of restricted shares of our common stock.
(4)   This entity is the borrower under our $150 million senior secured credit facility.

 

Summary Risk Factors

 

An investment in our common stock is subject to significant risks. Listed below are some of the most significant risks relating to an investment in our common stock.

 

   

We are an early entrant in an emerging industry, and the long-term viability of our business strategy on an institutional scale is unproven.

 

   

We have not identified specific acquisitions or other uses for the net proceeds from this offering. Therefore, you will be unable to evaluate the allocation of the net proceeds from this offering or the economic merits of our investments before making an investment decision to purchase our common stock.

 

   

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of certain key personnel, each of whom would be difficult to replace. If we were to lose the benefit of the experience, efforts and abilities of one or more of these individuals, particularly our founders, our operating results could suffer.

 

   

Our investments are, and will continue to be, concentrated in the single-family housing sector and in a number of markets nationally. This exposes us to the risk of downturns in that sector or in such markets, and we would be adversely affected by an economic downturn or other adverse events impacting the single-family housing sector or any of such markets.

 

   

Our dependence upon local, third-party service providers may harm our financial results or reputation if the third parties fail to perform.

 

   

Our long-term growth will depend significantly upon future acquisitions of single-family homes that meet our acquisition criteria.

 

   

Our revenue and expenses are not directly correlated, and, because a large percentage of our costs and expenses are fixed and some variable expenses may not decrease over time, we may not be able to adapt our cost structure to offset any declines in our revenue.

 

   

Debt service obligations could adversely affect our operating results, may require us to sell properties and could adversely affect our ability to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders and the market price of our common stock.

 

   

We may be unable to renew leases and our occupancy rate could decline.

 

   

The large supply of single-family homes becoming available for purchase as a result of the heavy volume of foreclosures, combined with historically low residential mortgage rates, may cause some potential renters to seek to purchase residences rather than lease them and, as a result, cause a decline in the number and quality of potential tenants.

 

   

Declining real estate values and impairment charges could adversely affect our earnings and financial condition.

 

   

Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes have duties to Phoenix Fund which may create conflicts of interest, and these conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, which could adversely affect us.

 

   

Our fiduciary duties to the limited partners of our operating partnership could create conflicts of interest, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.

 

   

There is currently no public market for our common stock, an active trading market for our common stock may never develop and our common stock price may be volatile and could decline substantially following this offering.

 

 

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The price to public per share of our common stock offered by this prospectus may not accurately reflect the value of your investment.

 

   

The availability and timing of cash distributions are uncertain.

 

   

Members of our senior management team, our Board of Directors, continuing investors and Phoenix Fund collectively own a significant amount of our common stock, or OP units or LTIP units exchangeable for shares of our common stock, and future sales by these holders of shares of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur in the future, could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

 

   

Failure to qualify as a REIT, or failure to remain qualified as a REIT, would cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

   

You may be restricted from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of our common stock.

 

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

 

Due to limitations on the concentration of ownership of REIT stock imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, subject to certain exceptions, our charter provides that no person may beneficially or constructively own, more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock. See “Description of Capital Stock—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”

 

Our charter also prohibits any person from, among other matters:

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning or transferring shares of our capital stock if such ownership or transfer would result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a year);

 

   

transferring shares of our capital stock if such transfer would result in our capital stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons, effective beginning on the date on which we first have 100 stockholders;

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning shares of our capital stock to the extent such beneficial or constructive ownership would cause us to constructively own 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant (other than a taxable REIT subsidiary) of our real property within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code; or

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning or transferring shares of our capital stock if such beneficial or constructive ownership or transfer would otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code.

 

Our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt (prospectively or retroactively) a person from the 9.8% ownership limit and other restrictions in our charter and may establish or increase an excepted holder percentage limit for such person if our Board of Directors obtains such representations, covenants and undertakings as it deems appropriate in order to conclude that granting the exemption and/or establishing or increasing the excepted holder percentage limit will not cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.

 

Our charter also provides that any ownership or purported transfer of our stock in violation of the foregoing restrictions will result in the shares owned or transferred in such violation being automatically transferred to one or more charitable trusts for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and the purported owner or transferee acquiring no rights in such shares, except that any transfer that results in the violation of the restriction relating to shares of our capital stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons will be void ab initio . If the transfer to the trust is ineffective for any reason to prevent a violation of the restriction, the transfer that would have resulted in such violation will be void ab initio .

 

 

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Distribution Policy

 

We intend to make quarterly cash distributions to our stockholders, consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. The amount, timing and frequency of any distributions will be determined by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion. Our Board of Directors will consider such factors as it deems relevant when authorizing any distributions, which may include, among others: our actual and projected results of operations; our liquidity, cash flows and financial condition; the revenue from our properties and other investments; our operating expenses; economic conditions; the timing of the investment of the net proceeds from this offering; applicable law; any debt service requirements; our capital expenditures; prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements; our REIT taxable income; the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code; and other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant. We cannot guarantee whether or when we will be able to make distributions or that any distributions will be sustained over time. See “Distribution Policy.”

 

Our Tax Status

 

We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. We believe that we have been organized and have operated in a manner that will allow us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with such taxable year, and we intend to continue operating in such a manner. To qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Emerging Growth Company Status

 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” These exemptions provide that, so long as a company qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” it will, among other things:

 

   

be exempt from the “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, or the Dodd-Frank Act, and certain disclosure requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to compensation of its chief executive officer;

 

   

be permitted to omit the detailed compensation discussion and analysis from proxy statements and reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and instead provide a reduced level of disclosure concerning executive compensation; and

 

   

be exempt from any rules that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report on the financial statements.

 

Although we are still evaluating the JOBS Act, we currently may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” except that we have irrevocably elected not to take advantage of the extension of time to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards available under Section 102(b) of the JOBS Act.

 

 

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We will, in general, qualify as an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of:

 

   

the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of this offering;

 

   

the last day of our fiscal year in which we have annual gross revenue of $1.0 billion or more;

 

   

the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; and

 

   

the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” which will occur at such time as we (1) have an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700 million or more as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (2) have been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act for a period of at least 12 months and (3) have filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act.

 

Selling Stockholder

 

Pursuant to, and subject to the terms and conditions of, the registration rights agreements described below, persons who purchased shares of our common stock in our initial private offering in May 2012 and their respective transferees have the right to sell their common stock in this offering, subject to customary terms and conditions including underwriter cutback rights. We are including              shares of our common stock in this offering to be sold by a selling stockholder.

 

Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreements

 

Pursuant to registration rights agreements between us and the initial purchaser/placement agent for our initial private offering in May 2012 and our follow-on private offering in December 2012, which we refer to as the registration rights agreements, we are required, among other things, to:

 

   

file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, a resale shelf registration statement registering all of the shares of our common stock sold in our private offerings that are not sold by the selling stockholder in this offering no later than April 30, 2013; and

 

   

use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the resale shelf registration statement to become effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, as promptly as practicable after the filing (such time of effectiveness may be deferred until up to 60 days after completion of this offering), and to maintain the resale shelf registration statement continuously effective under the Securities Act for a specified period.

 

Subject to certain exceptions, each of our officers, directors and Phoenix Fund has entered into a lock-up agreement with respect to shares of our common stock and securities exchangeable or exercisable for shares of our common stock, restricting the direct or indirect sale of such securities for 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of this offering. Additionally, all of our other stockholders have agreed with us not to directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell, grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of our common stock for 180 days, in the case of the holder who is the selling stockholder in this offering, or 60 days, in the case of holders who are not selling stock in this offering, in each case after the date of this prospectus. We have agreed not to waive or otherwise modify this agreement without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of this offering.

 

Corporate Information

 

Our principal executive offices are located at 7047 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 350, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254. Our main telephone number is (480) 474-4800. Our Internet website is www.americanresidentialproperties.com . Information on our website is not incorporated into or a part of this prospectus.

 

 

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The Offering

 

Common stock offered by us

                shares (plus up to an additional              shares of our common stock that we may issue and sell upon the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option in full)

Common stock offered by selling stockholder

                shares

Common stock to be outstanding after this offering

                shares (1)

Common stock and OP units to be outstanding after this offering

  

             shares and OP units (1)(2)

Use of proceeds

  

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering, after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions, structuring fee and other estimated offering expenses payable by us, will be approximately $         million, based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus ($         million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full). We will use these net proceeds to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as rental properties, to provide short-term private mortgage financing secured by interests in single-family homes, repay amounts outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility and for general business purposes. Prior to the full deployment of the net proceeds of this offering as described above, we may invest the undeployed net proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term, investment-grade securities or money market accounts that are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. We expect that these initial investments will provide a lower net return than we expect to receive from the investments described above. See “Underwriting—Conflicts of Interest.”

 

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the selling stockholder.

Listing

   We intend to apply to list our common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “    .”

 

(1)   Excludes              shares of our common stock that we may issue and sell upon the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option. Includes 15,875 restricted shares of our common stock issued to certain of our employees pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Excludes              shares of our common stock that will be available for future issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan upon completion of this offering.
(2)   Includes (a) 175,000 OP units issued to ARM, an entity co-owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, in connection with our acquisition of the ARM assets, which units may, subject to certain limitations, be redeemed for cash or, at our option, exchanged for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis, (b) 506,422 shares of our common stock underlying an aggregate of 506,422 LTIP units issued to our executive officers, certain of our employees and our independent directors pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and (c) an aggregate of              LTIP units (based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus) to be issued to our named executive officers in connection with this offering; the actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in this offering.

 

 

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Summary Selected Consolidated Financial Data

 

The following tables present selected historical consolidated financial data and selected portfolio data for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 and as of December 31, 2012. The selected historical consolidated financial data presented below under the captions “Consolidated Statement of Operations Data” and “Consolidated Balance Sheet Data” have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. Since the information presented below is only a summary and does not provide all of the information contained in our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, you should read it in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data

 

     Period from
March 30, 2012
(inception) through
December 31, 2012
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Revenue:

  

Rental

   $ 2,195   

Other

     735   
  

 

 

 

Total revenue

     2,930   

Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     912   

Real estate taxes

     608   

Homeowners’ association fees

     330   

Acquisition

     760   

Depreciation and amortization

     1,804   

General, administrative and other

     4,837   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     9,251   
  

 

 

 

Loss from continuing operations before equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     (6,321

Equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     83   
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

   $ (6,238
  

 

 

 

 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     ($ in thousands)  

Investment in real estate, net

   $ 216,696   

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 101,725   

All other assets

   $ 31,006   

Total assets

   $ 349,427   

Total liabilities

   $ 3,196   

Total equity

   $ 346,231   

 

Selected Portfolio Data

 

     As of December 31, 2012  

Total properties owned

     1,775   

Properties owned for at least six months

     70   

Leased properties owned for at least six months

     55   

Occupancy percentage of properties owned for at least six months

     79

 

 

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RISK FACTORS

 

Investing in our common stock involves risks. Before you invest in our common stock, you should carefully consider the risk factors below together with all of the other information included in this prospectus. The occurrence of any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, ability to implement our investment strategy, financial condition, liquidity, cash flows, results of operations and our ability to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders, which could result in a partial or complete loss of your investment in our common stock. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We are an early entrant in an emerging industry, and the long-term viability of our business strategy on an institutional scale is unproven.

 

Large-scale institutional investment in single-family residential homes as investment properties for rent is a relatively recent phenomenon that has emerged out of the mortgage and housing crisis that began in late 2007. Prior to that time, single-family homes were generally not viewed as a viable asset for investment on a large scale by institutional investors. Consequently, the long-term viability of single-family residential investment strategies at an institutional scale has not yet been proven. As an early entrant in this emerging industry, we are subject to the risk that single-family rental homes may not prove to be a viable long-term business strategy for a permanent capital vehicle at an institutional scale. If it turns out that our strategy is not a viable long-term business strategy for a permanent capital vehicle at an institutional scale, we may not be able to sustain the growth of our assets and our operations that we seek.

 

We are a recently organized corporation with a limited operating history, and we may not be able to successfully operate our business or generate sufficient operating cash flows to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders.

 

We were incorporated in March 2012 and commenced investment activities in May 2012, and we have a limited operating history. Our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders will depend on many factors, including:

 

   

our ability to identify attractive acquisition opportunities that are consistent with our investment strategy;

 

   

our ability to consummate acquisitions on favorable terms;

 

   

our ability to achieve high occupancy rates and target rent levels;

 

   

our ability to contain restoration, maintenance, marketing and other operating costs;

 

   

real estate appreciation or depreciation in our markets;

 

   

the level and volatility of interest rates, and our access to short- and long-term financing on favorable terms;

 

   

our ability to absorb costs that are beyond our control, such as real estate taxes, HOA fees, insurance premiums, litigation costs and compliance costs;

 

   

our ability to adapt to judicial and regulatory developments affecting landlord-tenant relations that may affect or delay our ability to dispossess or evict occupants or increase rents;

 

   

our ability to respond to changes in population, employment or homeownership trends in our markets; and

 

   

economic conditions in our markets, as well as the condition of the financial and real estate markets and the economy generally.

 

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We have many competitors and may not become an industry leader.

 

Recently, several institutional investors have begun acquiring single-family homes on a large scale. Traditionally, foreclosed properties and loans secured by properties in pre-foreclosure were sold individually to private home buyers and small-scale investors. The sale of these assets in portfolios and the entry into this market of large, well-capitalized institutional investors, including us, are relatively recent trends, which we expect to intensify in the near future. Other REITs and investment funds have recently deployed, or are expected to deploy in the near future, significant amounts of capital in the single-family housing sector and may have investment objectives that overlap with ours. In acquiring our target assets, we will compete with a variety of well-capitalized real estate investors, including pension funds, individual home buyers, banks, insurance companies, public and private real estate investors, such as REITs, real estate limited partnerships and other entities engaged in real estate investment activities. Some of our competitors may be larger and have greater financial, technical, leasing, marketing and other resources than we do. Some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to capital sources that may not be available to us. At this time, neither we nor any other company has established a market-leading position, and, even if we succeed in becoming an industry leader, there can be no assurance that it will confer any long-term competitive advantage or positive financial results.

 

Our single-family homes may be unable to compete successfully for tenants.

 

Our single-family homes compete for tenants with other single-family homes, including those owned by Phoenix Fund, and multi-family housing options, such as apartments and condominiums. Some of these competitors may offer more attractive properties or lower rents than we do, and they may attract the high-quality tenants to whom we seek to lease our properties. Additionally, some competing housing options may qualify for governmental subsidies that may make such options more affordable and therefore more attractive than our properties. Competition for tenants could reduce our occupancy and rental rates and adversely affect us.

 

We have not identified specific acquisitions or other uses for a significant portion of the net proceeds from this offering. Therefore, you will be unable to evaluate the allocation of this portion of the net proceeds from this offering or the economic merits of our investments before making an investment decision to purchase our common stock.

 

We have broad authority to invest the net proceeds from this offering in any real estate investments that we may identify in the future, and we may use those proceeds to make investments with which you may not agree. You will be unable to evaluate the economic merit of our properties or mortgages before we invest in them and will be relying on our ability to select attractive investments. We also have broad discretion in implementing policies regarding tenant and borrower creditworthiness, and you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our tenants or borrowers. In addition, our investment policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our Board of Directors, without a vote of our stockholders. These factors will increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in our common stock.

 

Although we intend to use the net proceeds from this offering (exclusive of the portion used to repay amounts outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility) to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as rental properties and to provide short-term private mortgage financing secured by interests in single-family homes, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. Our failure to apply the net proceeds from this offering effectively or find suitable assets to acquire in a timely manner or on acceptable terms could result in losses or returns that are substantially below expectations.

 

Prior to the full deployment of the net proceeds of this offering as described above, we may invest the undeployed net proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term, investment-grade securities or money market accounts that are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. We expect that these initial investments will provide a lower net return than we expect to receive from the investments described above. We may not be successful in completing any investments we identify and the single-family homes and other investments we acquire may not produce our anticipated, or any, positive returns.

 

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We intend to rapidly expand our scale of operations and make acquisitions even if the rental and housing markets are not as favorable as they have been in recent months, which could adversely impact anticipated yields.

 

Our long-term growth depends on the availability of acquisition opportunities in our current markets and other markets at attractive pricing levels. We believe various factors and market conditions have made homes available for purchase at prices that are significantly below replacement cost in many markets. However, we expect that in the future housing prices will stabilize and return to more normalized levels, and therefore future acquisitions may be more costly and result in lower yields. See “Industry Overview and Market Opportunity.” There are many factors that may cause a recovery in the housing market that would result in future acquisitions becoming more expensive and possibly less attractive than recent past and present opportunities, including:

 

   

improvements in the overall economy and job market;

 

   

a resumption of consumer lending activity and greater availability of consumer credit;

 

   

improvements in the pricing and terms of mortgage-backed securities;

 

   

increasing competition for single-family assets from private investors, entities with similar investment objectives to ours and owner-occupants; and

 

   

tax or other government incentives that encourage homeownership.

 

We will continue acquiring properties as long as we believe such properties offer an attractive total return opportunity. Accordingly, future acquisitions may have lower yield characteristics than recent past and present opportunities, and if such future acquisitions are funded through equity issuances, the yield and cash available for distribution per share will be reduced and the market price of our common stock may decline.

 

The past performance of our senior management and our limited operating history may not be indicative of our future results.

 

You should not rely upon the past performance of our senior management, as their past performance at Phoenix Fund, ARM or in their other prior professional endeavors may not be indicative of our future results. Furthermore, we only commenced our investment activities in May 2012, and our limited operating history and the prior operating history of our senior management may not be indicative of our future results.

 

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of certain key personnel, each of whom would be difficult to replace. If we were to lose the benefit of the experience, efforts and abilities of one or more of these individuals, particularly our founders, our operating results could suffer.

 

As an internally managed company, our ability to achieve our investment objective and to make distributions to our stockholders depends upon the performance of our management team. We rely on our management team to, among other things, identify and consummate acquisitions, design and implement our financing strategies, manage our investments and conduct our day-to-day operations. We are dependent upon the performance of our senior executive team, which is comprised of Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, Mr. Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, and Ms. Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations. We cannot guarantee the continued employment of any of our key executives who may choose to leave our company for any number of reasons, such as other business opportunities, differing views on our strategic direction or other disagreements. We rely on the experience, efforts and abilities of these individuals, each of whom would be difficult to replace. We do not have any “key-man” life insurance on any of our employees. We have entered into employment agreements with each of these executives; however, the employment agreements do not guarantee their continued service to us.

 

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Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to efficiently hire and retain highly skilled managerial, investment, financial and operational personnel.

 

The growth of our business will require us to hire additional qualified personnel. Competition for highly skilled managerial, investment, financial and operational personnel is intense. As a recently formed company, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in attracting and retaining such skilled personnel or in integrating any new personnel into our organization. Moreover, additional employees could result in a substantial increase in compensation expense that may not be offset with additional revenue.

 

Operating our business on a larger scale could result in substantial increases in our expenses.

 

One of our goals is to implement our single-family rental business nationally. Our business model assumes that we can successfully use our vertically integrated platform to acquire and manage single-family homes on a larger scale than we have done to date without a directly proportional increase in our expenses. As our business grows in size and complexity, we can provide no assurance that our management platform will ultimately prove to be “scalable,” we will be able to achieve economies of scale or we will be able to manage additional properties in our current markets, successfully enter new markets or grow our business without incurring significant additional expenses.

 

Our investments are, and will continue to be, concentrated in the single-family housing sector and in a number of markets nationally. This exposes us to the risk of downturns in that sector or in such markets, and we would be adversely affected by an economic downturn or other adverse events impacting the single-family housing sector or any of such markets.

 

Our investment and geographic concentrations expose us to the risk of economic downturns and adverse regulatory, environmental or other developments in the single-family housing sector or any of the markets in which our properties are located, to a greater extent than if our strategy encompassed other sectors of the real estate industry and additional markets.

 

In addition to general, regional, national and international economic conditions, our business will be impacted by the economic conditions in the specific geographic areas and markets in which we operate. We intend to continue to acquire and manage single-family homes and to provide short-term private mortgage financing secured by single-family homes located in markets where we are currently invested, which, as of March 31, 2013, included Phoenix, Arizona; Las Vegas, Nevada; the Inland Empire and Central Valley regions of California; Fort Myers, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; Indianapolis, Indiana; Charlotte, North Carolina; Raleigh-Cary, North Carolina; Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Charleston, South Carolina; Dallas, Texas; and Houston, Texas. We intend to invest in other markets as well. A significant assumption underlying our investment strategy is our belief that property values and operating fundamentals for single-family homes in these markets will improve significantly over the next several years. We can provide no assurance that this assumption will prove to be correct, and each of these markets has experienced substantial economic downturns in recent years and could experience similar economic downturns in the future. It is possible that the recent economic downturn in these markets could persist, and we may not accurately predict the timing of any economic improvement in these markets.

 

Our dependence upon local, third-party service providers may harm our financial results or reputation if the third parties fail to perform.

 

Though we are internally managed, we use local, third-party vendors and service providers to provide certain services for our properties. For example, we regularly rely on third-party home improvement professionals, leasing agents and property management companies to provide services to many of our properties. Selecting, managing and supervising these third-party service providers requires significant resources and expertise. We do not have exclusive or long-term contractual relationships with any of these third-party providers, and we can provide no assurance that we will have uninterrupted or unlimited access to their services.

 

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If we do not select, manage and supervise appropriate third parties to provide these services, our reputation and financial results may suffer. Notwithstanding our efforts to implement and enforce strong policies and practices regarding service providers, we may not successfully detect and prevent fraud, incompetence or theft by our third-party service providers. In addition, any removal or termination of third-party service providers would require us to seek new vendors or providers, which would create delays and adversely affect our operations. Poor performance by third-party service providers will reflect poorly on us and could significantly damage our reputation among desirable tenants. In the event of fraud or misconduct by a third party, we could also be exposed to material liability and be held responsible for damages, fines and/or penalties.

 

Through our preferred operator program, we lease a significant number of our properties to third-party property operators pursuant to master leases that have longer terms than our leases with individual tenants who occupy our properties directly.

 

As of March 31, 2013, 1,010 of our properties were leased to third-party property operators pursuant long-term agreements. These operators in turn sub-lease these properties to tenants, and the operators are obligated to pay us rent and bear all costs associated with the properties, such as insurance, real estate taxes, HOA fees and maintenance costs. To the extent these operators do not maintain sufficient occupancy or rental rates at the properties, it is possible that they will not meet their obligations to pay rent to us. Moreover, if an operator defaults on its lease with us or chooses not to extend or renew its lease, we would be required to find a replacement operator or operate the properties ourselves. No assurance can be given that operators will choose to extend or renew their leases with us or that we would be able to locate acceptable replacement operators on terms as favorable as we previously did. Moreover, if we choose to operate the properties ourselves it could increase our costs, especially if we were required to expand our operations to a new geographic area. We have agreed to pay each third-party operator a portion of the net proceeds in excess of our initial purchase price if we sell a property that the third-party operator operates during the lease term. Though we believe this provides third-party operators an incentive to maintain these properties, we will not be able to capture all of any home price appreciation that these assets may experience.

 

Long-term leases may not result in fair market lease rates over time; therefore, our income and cash available for distribution to our stockholders could be lower than if we did not enter into long-term leases.

 

Through our preferred operator program, we enter into long-term leases with third-party property operators relating to portfolios of properties. These operators, in turn, lease the properties out to individual tenants. Our longer-term leases with third-party operators provide for rent increases over time and require that the operators pay us a portion of their gross sub-lease revenue to us in the form of percentage rent. If we do not accurately judge the potential for increases in market rental rates, the rent under our long-term leases with operators may be significantly less than then-current market rental rates, even after contractual rental increases and applicable percentage rents. Further, we may have no ability to terminate those leases or to adjust the rent to then-current market rates, or, for certain long-term leases with third-party operators, we may have termination rights but may be required to pay a termination payment to the operators in connection therewith. As a result, our revenues and cash available for distribution to our stockholders could be lower than if we did not enter into long-term leases relating to portfolios of properties.

 

Short-term leases of residential property may expose us to the effects of declining market rents.

 

We anticipate that a majority of our leases to tenant-occupants will be for a term of one year. As these leases permit the tenants to leave at the end of the lease term without penalty, we anticipate our rental revenues may be affected by declines in market rents more quickly than if our leases were for longer terms. Short-term leases may result in high turnover, which involves costs such as restoring the properties, marketing costs and lower occupancy levels. Because we have a limited operating history, our tenant turnover rate and related cost estimates may be less accurate than if we had more operating data upon which to base these estimates.

 

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We rely on information supplied by prospective tenants in managing our business.

 

We rely on information supplied to us by prospective tenants in their rental applications to make leasing decisions, and we cannot be certain that this information is accurate. In particular, we rely on information submitted by prospective tenants regarding household income, tenure at current job, number of children and size of household. Moreover, these applications are submitted to us at the time we evaluate a prospective tenant, and we do not require tenants to provide us with updated information during the terms of their leases, notwithstanding the fact that this information can, and frequently does, change over time. Even though this information is not updated, we use it to evaluate the overall average credit characteristics of our portfolio over time. If tenant-supplied information is inaccurate or our tenants’ creditworthiness declines over time, we may make poor leasing or underwriting decisions and our portfolio may contain more credit risk than we believe. When we purchase properties that are subject to existing leases, we are not able to collect any information on tenant creditworthiness in connection with such purchases.

 

We may be unable to secure funds for future tenant or other capital improvements, which could limit our ability to attract or replace tenants.

 

When tenants do not renew their leases or otherwise vacate their space, we often are required to expend funds for property restoration and leasing commissions in order to re-lease the property. If we have not established reserves for such expenditures, we will have to obtain financing from other sources. We may also have future financing needs for other capital improvements to restore our properties. If we need to secure financing for capital improvements in the future but are unable to secure such financing or are unable to secure financing on terms we feel are acceptable, we may be unable to make capital improvements or we may be required to defer such improvements. If this happens, it may cause our properties to suffer from a greater risk of obsolescence or a decline in value, or a greater risk of decreased cash flow as a result of fewer potential tenants being attracted to the property or existing tenants not renewing their leases. If we do not have access to sufficient funding in the future, we may not be able to make necessary capital improvements to our properties, and our properties’ ability to generate revenue may be significantly impaired.

 

When evaluating a property for acquisition, we make a number of significant estimates and assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate. This could cause us to overpay for a property or incur restoration and marketing costs significantly in excess of our estimates.

 

In determining whether a particular property meets our investment criteria, we make a number of significant estimates and assumptions, including the amount of time it will take us to gain possession of the property, estimated restoration costs, the amount of time between acquiring the property and leasing it, annual operating costs, rental rates and tenant default rates. These estimates and assumptions may prove to be inaccurate and cause us to overpay for properties or overvalue our properties. If we determine to make the estimates and assumptions used in evaluating potential properties for purchase more stringent, it would likely reduce the number of properties that we deem acceptable for purchase. Increases in the market prices for or decreases in the inventory of single-family homes in our markets could also reduce the number of properties that meet our investment criteria. These factors could adversely affect our ability to deploy the net proceeds from this offering in accordance with our investment strategy.

 

Furthermore, we expect that there will be a significant degree of variability in the amount of time it takes us to gain possession of a property, the amount of restoration required at a property, the quality of construction of a property, the desirability of a property’s location and other property-specific issues. Our success will depend, to a significant degree, on our ability to evaluate these factors and identify and acquire properties that can be restored, rented and maintained at attractive yields. To the extent our evaluation of these factors or our assumptions are inaccurate, our investments may not meet our expectations.

 

In addition, the market and regulatory environments relating to single-family homes have been changing rapidly, making future trends difficult to forecast. For example, an increasing number of homeowners now wait

 

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for an eviction notice or eviction proceedings to commence before vacating a foreclosed property, which significantly increases the time period between the acquisition and leasing of a property. Such changes affect the accuracy of our assumptions and, in turn, may adversely affect us.

 

Our long-term growth will depend significantly upon future acquisitions of single-family homes that meet our acquisition criteria.

 

The acquisition of single-family homes entails various risks, including the risks that we may overvalue a home, our homes may not perform as we expect, we may be unable to quickly and efficiently restore and lease our self-managed homes, our tenants may default and our cost estimates for restoring an acquired home may prove inaccurate. In addition, we cannot assure you of the continued availability of acquisition opportunities in our markets at attractive pricing levels.

 

Our revenue and expenses are not directly correlated, and, because a large percentage of our costs and expenses are fixed and some variable expenses may not decrease over time, we may not be able to adapt our cost structure to offset any declines in our revenue.

 

Many of the expenses associated with our business, such as acquisition costs, restoration and maintenance costs, HOA fees, personal and real property taxes, insurance, compensation and other general expenses are fixed and would not necessarily decrease proportionally with any decrease in revenue. Our assets also require a significant amount of ongoing capital expenditure. Our expenses, including capital expenditures, will be affected by, among other things, any inflationary increases, and cost increases may exceed the rate of inflation in any given period. Certain expenses incurred on a per-unit basis are recurring in nature, such as HOA fees, taxes, insurance and restoration and maintenance costs, which may not decrease on a per-unit basis as our portfolio grows through additional property acquisitions. By contrast, our revenue is affected by many factors beyond our control, such as the availability and price of alternative rental housing and economic conditions in our markets. As a result, we may not be able to fully, or partially, offset any increase in our expenses with a corresponding increase in our revenues. In addition, state and local regulations may require us to maintain our properties, even if the cost of maintenance is greater than the value of the property or any potential benefit we may receive from renting the property.

 

If we cannot obtain financing, our growth may be limited.

 

To qualify as a REIT, we will be required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, each year to our stockholders. As a result, our ability to retain earnings to fund acquisitions, restorations or other capital expenditures will be limited. As of March 31, 2013, all of our assets were purchased with cash on hand and borrowings of approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility. However, over time, we may determine that it is appropriate to use leverage as a component of our financing strategy in an effort to increase our return potential. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to obtain debt financing on favorable terms or at all.

 

Recent events in the financial markets have had an adverse impact on the credit markets, and, as a result, credit has become significantly more expensive and difficult to obtain, if available at all. Some lenders are imposing more stringent credit terms and there has been and may continue to be a general reduction in the amount of credit available. Many banks are either unable or unwilling to provide new asset-based lending. Tightening credit markets may have an adverse effect on our ability to obtain financing on favorable terms, thereby increasing financing costs and/or requiring us to accept financing with increasing restrictions. If adverse conditions in the credit markets—in particular with respect to single-family home finance—materially deteriorate, our business could be materially and adversely affected. Our long-term ability to grow through additional investments will be limited if we cannot obtain additional financing. Market conditions may make it difficult to obtain financing, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain debt or equity financing or that we will be able to obtain it on favorable terms.

 

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We may also be limited in the amount of leverage that we may incur by the terms of various financing arrangements, including our $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility. The credit facility has an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%.

 

Debt service obligations could adversely affect our operating results, may require us to sell properties and could adversely affect our ability to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders and the market price of our common stock.

 

Though we have not done so to date, we may finance future activities with indebtedness and we may be more likely to do so as our business grows. We may borrow for a number of reasons, such as financing acquisitions, capital expenditures or distributions necessary to qualify as a REIT. Our governing documents contain no limitations on the amount of debt that we may incur. As a result, we may incur substantial debt in the future.

 

Incurring debt could subject us to many risks, including the risks that:

 

   

our cash flows from operations will be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest;

 

   

our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;

 

   

we will be subject to restrictive covenants that require us to satisfy and remain in compliance with certain financial requirements or that impose limitations on the type or extent of activities we conduct;

 

   

we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our stockholders, funds available for operations and capital expenditures, future business opportunities or other purposes; and

 

   

the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of the debt being refinanced.

 

If we do not have sufficient funds to repay any debt we incur when it matures, we may need to refinance the debt or raise additional equity. If, at the time of any refinancing, prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates on refinancing, increases in interest expense could adversely affect our cash flows and, consequently, cash available for distribution to our stockholders. To the extent we are required to raise additional equity to satisfy such debt, existing stockholders would see their interests diluted. If we are unable to refinance our debt or raise additional equity on acceptable terms, we may be forced to dispose of substantial numbers of properties on disadvantageous terms, potentially resulting in losses. To the extent we cannot meet any future debt service obligations, we will risk losing some or all of our properties that may be pledged to secure our obligations to foreclosure. Any unsecured debt agreements we enter into may contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the unsecured lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under other loans in some circumstances.

 

The joint venture investments that we have made and the joint venture investments we may make in the future could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on our co-venturer’s financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturer.

 

On October 10, 2012, we invested approximately $5.5 million in Flat Iron VI LLC, a joint venture in which our equity interest is approximately 78% of the total amount invested. On December 31, 2012, we invested approximately $4.7 million in Siphon Draw LLC, a joint venture in which our equity interest is approximately 80% of the total amount invested. Both of these joint ventures used invested funds to purchase portfolios of performing residential mortgage loans. We may continue to co-invest in the future with third parties through

 

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partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring non-controlling interests in or sharing responsibility for a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. Under these circumstances, we may not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the assets held through the venture or the venture itself. Investments through joint ventures involve risks not present were a third party not involved in the investment, including the possibility that co-venturers may have rights that are superior to ours, become bankrupt, fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, make poor business decisions or block or delay actions that we believe are necessary or desirable. Co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with ours, including inconsistent goals relating to the sale of assets or properties held in a joint venture or the timing of the termination and liquidation of the venture, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, in circumstances in which neither we nor our co-venturer have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, action by or disputes with co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may under certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our co-venturers.

 

Our Board of Directors may change our investment strategy, financing strategy or leverage policies without stockholder consent.

 

Our Board of Directors may change any of our strategies, policies or procedures with respect to property acquisitions and divestitures, asset allocation, growth, operations, indebtedness, financing and distributions at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in our acquiring properties that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the types of single-family residential real estate and related investments described in this prospectus. These changes could adversely affect us.

 

Our financial results in the period or periods immediately following completion of this offering may not be reflective of our earning potential and may cause our stock price to decline.

 

Our financial results in the fiscal periods immediately following completion of this offering may not be representative of our future potential. Prior to the full deployment of the net proceeds from this offering, we may invest the undeployed net proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term, investment-grade securities or money market accounts that are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. We expect that these initial investments will provide a lower net return than we expect to receive from the investments described in this prospectus. In addition, since we expect to experience rapid growth following this offering, we will have a greater percentage of our portfolio invested in assets in the process of stabilization than we would expect to have as a more mature operation. It will take time and significant cash resources to restore, reposition and lease these properties in the process of stabilization. As a result, newly acquired properties, that are not leased at the time of acquisition, will not begin generating revenue for some period of time following this offering and will reduce our overall financial performance. In addition, future equity or debt financings may impact our financial results in the fiscal periods following such financings for the same reasons listed above.

 

We anticipate being involved in a variety of litigation.

 

We anticipate being involved in a range of court proceedings in the ordinary course of business. These actions may include eviction proceedings and other landlord-tenant disputes, challenges to title and ownership rights (including actions brought by prior owners alleging wrongful foreclosure by their lender or loan servicer) and issues with local housing officials arising from the condition or maintenance of a property. While we intend to vigorously defend any non-meritorious action or challenge, no assurance can be given that we will not incur significant expense relating to these matters or that they will not require significant management attention and adversely affect us.

 

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Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

 

In the ordinary course of our business we acquire and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our prospective and current tenants, our employees and third-party service providers in our offices and on our networks. The secure processing and maintenance of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption to our operations and the services we provide to customers or damage our reputation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and competitive position.

 

We will incur significant expenses as a result of being a public company, which will negatively impact our financial performance.

 

We will incur significant legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses as a result of being a public company. The Dodd-Frank Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as related rules implemented by the SEC and the NYSE, have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies. In addition, rules that the SEC is implementing or is required to implement pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act are expected to require additional changes. We expect that compliance with these and other similar laws, rules and regulations, including compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, will substantially increase our expenses, including our legal and accounting costs, and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We also expect these laws, rules and regulations to make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage, which may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our Board of Directors or as officers. Although the JOBS Act recently enacted by the U.S. Congress and discussed in the next risk factor may for a limited period of time somewhat lessen the cost of complying with these additional regulatory and other requirements, we nonetheless expect a substantial increase in legal, accounting, insurance and certain other expenses in the future, which will negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.

 

The recently enacted JOBS Act will allow us to postpone the date by which we must comply with certain laws and regulations intended to protect investors and to reduce the amount of information we provide in our reports filed with the SEC.

 

The recently enacted JOBS Act is intended to reduce the regulatory burden on “emerging growth companies.” As defined in the JOBS Act, a public company whose initial public offering of common equity securities occurred after December 8, 2011 and whose annual gross revenues are less than $1.0 billion will, in general, qualify as an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of:

 

   

the last day of its fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of its initial public offering of common equity securities;

 

   

the last day of its fiscal year in which it has annual gross revenue of $1.0 billion or more;

 

   

the date on which it has, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; and

 

   

the date on which it is deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” which will occur at such time as the company (1) has an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700 million or more as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (2) has been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act for a period of at least 12 months and (3) has filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act.

 

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Under this definition, we will be an “emerging growth company” upon completion of this offering and could remain an “emerging growth company” until as late as December 31, 2018.

 

The JOBS Act provides that, so long as a company qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” it will, among other things:

 

   

be exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that its independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting;

 

   

be exempt from the “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Act and certain disclosure requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to compensation of its chief executive officer;

 

   

be permitted to omit the detailed compensation discussion and analysis from proxy statements and reports filed under the Exchange Act and instead provide a reduced level of disclosure concerning executive compensation; and

 

   

be exempt from any rules that may be adopted by the PCAOB requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report on the financial statements.

 

Although we are still evaluating the JOBS Act, we currently may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” except that we have irrevocably elected not to take advantage of the extension of time to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards available under Section 102(b) of the JOBS Act. Among other reduced requirements available to us, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” which may increase the risk that weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting go undetected. Likewise, so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” we may elect not to provide you with certain information, including certain financial information and certain information regarding compensation of our executive officers, that we would otherwise have been required to provide in filings we make with the SEC, which may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate our company. As a result, investor confidence in our company and the market price of our common stock may be adversely affected.

 

As a public reporting company, we will be subject to rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC and the NYSE regarding our internal control over financial reporting. We may not complete needed improvements to our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or these internal controls may not be determined to be effective, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the market price of our common stock and your investment.

 

Upon completion of this offering, we will become a public reporting company subject to the rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC and the NYSE. These rules and regulations will require, among other things, that we establish and periodically evaluate procedures with respect to our internal controls over financial reporting. Reporting obligations as a public company are likely to place a considerable strain on our financial and management systems, processes and controls, as well as on our personnel. In addition, as a public company we will be required to document and test our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act so that our management can certify as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting by the time our annual report for the year ending December 31, 2014 is due and thereafter, which will require us to document and make significant changes to our internal controls over financial reporting. Likewise, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to provide an

 

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attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at such time as we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, although, as described in the preceding risk factor, we could potentially qualify as an “emerging growth company” until December 31, 2018. As a result, we will be required to improve our financial and managerial controls, reporting systems and procedures, to incur substantial expenses to test our systems and to make such improvements and to hire additional personnel. If our management is unable to certify the effectiveness of our internal controls, if our independent registered public accounting firm cannot deliver (at such time as it is required to do so) a report attesting to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting or if we identify or fail to remediate material weaknesses in our internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny and a loss of public confidence, which could harm our reputation and the market price of our common stock. In addition, if we do not maintain adequate financial and management personnel, processes and controls, we may not be able to manage our business effectively or accurately report our financial performance on a timely basis, which could cause a decline in our common stock price and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

The estimates, forecasts and projections relating to our markets prepared by JBREC are based upon numerous assumptions and may not prove to be accurate.

 

This prospectus contains estimates, forecasts and projections relating to our primary markets that were prepared for us for use in connection with this offering by JBREC, a real estate consulting firm. See “Industry Overview and Market Opportunity.” The estimates, forecasts and projections relate to, among other things, replacement cost, home value indices, payroll employment growth, median household income, housing permits and household formation. No assurance can be given that these estimates are, or that the forecasts and projections will prove to be, accurate. These estimates, forecasts and projections are based on data (including third-party data), significant assumptions, proprietary methodologies and the experience and judgment of JBREC. No assurance can be given regarding the accuracy or appropriateness of the assumptions and judgments made, or the methodologies used, by JBREC. The application of alternative assumptions, judgments or methodologies could result in materially less favorable estimates, forecasts and projections than those contained in this prospectus. Other real estate experts have different views regarding these forecasts and projections that may be more positive or negative, including in terms of the timing, magnitude and direction of future changes.

 

The forecasts and projections are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to be materially different from the projections. JBREC has made these forecasts and projections based on studying the historical and current performance of the residential housing market and applying JBREC’s qualitative knowledge about the residential housing market. The future is difficult to predict, particularly given that the economy and housing markets can be cyclical, subject to changing consumer and market psychology, and governmental policies related to mortgage regulations and interest rates. There will usually be differences between projected and actual outcomes, because events and circumstances frequently do not occur as expected, and the differences may be material. Accordingly, the forecasts and projections included in this prospectus might not occur or might occur to a different extent or at a different time. For the foregoing reasons, neither we nor JBREC can provide any assurance that the estimates, forecasts and projections contained in this prospectus are accurate, actual outcomes may vary significantly from those contained or implied by the forecasts and projections, and you should not place undue reliance on these estimates, forecasts and projections. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update the statements in this prospectus to conform to actual outcomes or changes in our or JBREC’s expectations.

 

Risks Related to Single-Family Housing

 

The value and operating fundamentals of single-family housing in our markets may not improve.

 

A substantial part of our business plan is based on our belief that the value and operating fundamentals of single-family housing in our markets will improve significantly over the next several years. We cannot assure

 

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you as to whether, when or to what extent property values and operating fundamentals will improve. In addition, it is possible that our belief is incorrect and that the value and operating fundamentals of single-family housing in our markets will not improve and may deteriorate.

 

Many factors impact the single-family residential rental market, and if rents in our markets do not increase sufficiently to keep pace with rising costs of operations, our cash available for distribution will decline.

 

The success of our business model will substantially depend on conditions in the single-family rental market in our geographic markets. Our asset acquisitions are premised on assumptions about, among other things, occupancy and rent levels, and if those assumptions prove to be inaccurate our cash flows will be lower than expected. Rental rates and occupancy levels have benefited in recent periods from macroeconomic trends affecting the U.S. economy and residential real estate markets in particular, including:

 

   

a tightening of credit that has made it more difficult to finance a home purchase, combined with efforts by consumers generally to reduce their exposure to credit;

 

   

weak economic and employment conditions that have increased foreclosure rates and made it more difficult for families to remain in homes that were purchased prior to the economic downturn;

 

   

declining real estate values that have challenged the traditional notion that homeownership is a stable investment; and

 

   

the unprecedented level of vacant housing comprising the REO by banks, GSEs, and other mortgage lenders or guarantors, and inventory held for sale by banks, GSEs, and other mortgage lenders or guarantors.

 

We do not expect these favorable trends in the residential rental market to continue indefinitely. Eventually, a strengthening of the U.S. economy and job growth, coupled with government programs designed to keep homeowners in their homes and/or other factors, may contribute to a stabilization or reversal of the current trend that favors renting rather than homeownership. In addition, we expect that as investors like us increasingly seek to capitalize on opportunities to purchase undervalued housing assets and convert them to productive uses, the supply of single-family rental properties will decrease and the competition for tenants will intensify. A softening of the rental market in our markets would reduce our rental revenue.

 

Acquiring properties during periods when the single-family home sector is experiencing substantial inflows of capital and intense competition may result in inflated purchase prices and increase the likelihood that our properties will not appreciate in value and may, instead, decrease in value.

 

The allocation of substantial amounts of capital for investment in the single-family home sector and significant competition for income producing real estate may inflate the purchase prices for such assets. To the extent we purchased or in the future purchase real estate in such an environment, it is possible that the value of our properties may not appreciate and may, instead, decrease in value, perhaps significantly, below the amount we paid for such properties. In addition to macroeconomic and local economic factors, technical factors, such as a decrease in the amount of capital allocated to the single-family home sector and the number of investors participating in the sector, could cause the value of our properties to decline.

 

Mortgage loan modification programs and future legislative action may reduce the number of properties that meet our investment criteria.

 

The U.S. government, through the Federal Reserve, the Federal Housing Administration and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, has implemented a number of programs designed to provide homeowners with assistance in avoiding residential mortgage loan foreclosures, including the Home Affordable Modification Program, which seeks to provide relief to homeowners whose mortgages are in or may be subject to foreclosure,

 

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and the Home Affordable Refinance Program, which allows certain borrowers who are underwater on their mortgage but current on their mortgage payments to refinance their loans. Several states, including states in which our current markets are located, have adopted or are considering similar legislation. These programs and other loss mitigation programs may involve, among other things, the modification or refinancing of mortgage loans or providing homeowners with additional relief from loan foreclosures. Such programs are intended to lead to fewer foreclosures and, if successful, will decrease the supply of properties that meet our investment criteria.

 

The pace of residential foreclosures is unpredictable and subject to numerous factors. In recent periods there has been a backlog of foreclosures, due to a combination of volume constraints and legal actions, including those brought by the U.S. Department of Justice, or the DOJ, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD, State Attorneys General, the office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or the OCC, and the Federal Reserve Board against mortgage servicers alleging wrongful foreclosure practices. Financial institutions have also been subjected to regulatory restrictions and limitations on foreclosure activity by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Legal claims brought or threatened by the DOJ, HUD and 49 State Attorneys General against the five largest residential mortgage servicers in the country were settled in 2012 for approximately $25 billion, and an enforcement action threatened by the OCC against ten residential mortgage servicers was settled in 2013 for approximately $8.5 billion. A portion of the funds from each settlement will be directed to homeowners seeking to avoid foreclosure through mortgage modifications, and servicers are required to adopt specified measures to reduce mortgage obligations in certain situations. It is expected that the settlements will help many homeowners avoid foreclosures that would otherwise have occurred in the near-term. It is also possible that other residential mortgage servicing companies will agree to similar settlements. These developments will reduce the number of homes in the process of foreclosure and decrease the supply of properties that meet our investment criteria.

 

In addition, the U.S. Congress and numerous state legislatures have considered, proposed or adopted legislation to constrain foreclosures, or may do so in the future. The Dodd-Frank Act also created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which supervises and enforces federal consumer protection laws as they apply to banks, credit unions and other financial companies, including mortgage servicers. It remains uncertain as to whether any of these measures will have a significant impact on foreclosure volumes or what the timing of that impact would be. If foreclosure volumes were to decline significantly, we would expect REO inventory levels to decline or to grow at a slower pace, which would make it more difficult to find target assets at attractive prices and might constrain our growth or reduce our long-term profitability. Also, the number of families seeking rental housing might be reduced by such legislation, reducing rental housing demand in our markets.

 

Claims of deficiencies in the foreclosure process may result in rescission of our purchases at auction or reduce the supply of foreclosed properties available to us.

 

Allegations of deficiencies in foreclosure practices could result in claims challenging the validity of some foreclosures that have occurred, potentially placing our claim of ownership to some of our properties at risk. We cannot be assured that our title insurance policies would provide protection in such instances or that such proceedings would not result in a complete dispossession of property from us without compensation.

 

Each state has its own laws governing the procedures to foreclose on mortgages and deeds of trust, and state laws generally require strict compliance with these laws in both judicial and non-judicial foreclosures. Recently, courts and administrative agencies have been more actively involved in enforcing state laws governing foreclosures, and, in some circumstances, have imposed new rules and requirements regarding foreclosures. Some courts have delayed or prohibited foreclosures based on alleged failures to comply with proper transfers of title, notice, identification of parties in interest, documentation and other legal requirements. The increase in the number of foreclosures since 2007 has led legislatures in many states to consider modifications to foreclosure laws to restrict and reduce foreclosures. For example, in 2012, California enacted a law imposing new limitations on foreclosures while a request for a loan modification is pending. Further, foreclosed owners and their legal representatives, including some prominent and well-financed legal firms, have brought litigation questioning the

 

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validity and finality of foreclosures that have already occurred. These developments may reduce, or slow the rate of growth in, the supply of foreclosed homes available to us for purchase. They may also call into question the validity of our title to homes acquired at foreclosure, or result in rescission rights or other borrower remedies, which could result in a loss of a property purchased by us that may not be covered by title insurance. This could result in an increase in litigation and property maintenance costs incurred with respect to properties obtained through foreclosure, or delays in stabilizing and leasing such properties promptly after acquisition.

 

Single-family homes that are being sold through foreclosure or short-sales are subject to risks of theft, vandalism or other damage that could impair their value.

 

When a single-family home is put into foreclosure, due to a default by the homeowner on mortgage obligations, or a homeowner seeks a short sale, due to the value of the property being substantially below the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage, it is possible that the homeowner may cease to maintain the property adequately, or that the property may be abandoned by the homeowner and become susceptible to theft or vandalism. Lack of maintenance, theft and vandalism can substantially impair the value of the property. If we purchase a large number of properties in foreclosure in bulk sales and are not able to inspect each property before closing or we are unable to rent the properties quickly after purchase and restoration, some of our properties could be impaired.

 

We generally are not able to conduct a thorough inspection before purchasing properties at auction or in bulk sales.

 

We have purchased and expect to continue to purchase properties at auction and in bulk sales. When we purchase properties in these manners, we generally do not have the opportunity to conduct interior inspections or conduct more than cursory exterior inspections on a portion of the properties. These inspection processes may fail to reveal major defects associated with such properties, which may cause the amount of time and expense required to restore such properties to substantially exceed our estimates.

 

Properties acquired in bulk may subject us to a variety of risks.

 

A substantial portion of our properties were, and we expect that a substantial portion of any future property acquisitions will be, purchased as portfolios in bulk from other owners of single-family homes. To the extent the management and leasing of such properties has not been consistent with our property management and leasing standards, we may be subject to a variety of risks, including risks relating to the condition of the properties, the credit quality and employment stability of the tenants and compliance with applicable laws, among others. In addition, financial and other information provided to us regarding such portfolios during our due diligence may not be accurate, and we may not discover such inaccuracies until it is too late to seek remedies against such sellers. To the extent we timely pursue such remedies, we may not be able to successfully prevail against the seller in an action seeking damages for such inaccuracies.

 

We incur significant costs in restoring our properties, and we may underestimate the costs or amount of time necessary to complete restorations.

 

Before renting a home, we typically perform a detailed assessment, with an on-site review of the home, to identify the scope of restoration to be completed. Beyond customary repairs, we often undertake improvements designed to optimize overall property appeal and increase the value of the property when such improvements can be done cost effectively. To the extent properties are occupied by existing tenants, restorations may be postponed until the tenant vacates the premises.

 

We expect that nearly all of our properties will require some level of restoration immediately upon their acquisition or in the future following expiration of a lease or otherwise. We may acquire properties that we plan to extensively restore. We may also acquire properties that we expect to be in good condition only to discover

 

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unforeseen defects and problems that require extensive restoration and capital expenditures. In addition, in order to reposition properties in the rental market, we will be required to make ongoing capital improvements and may need to perform significant restorations and repairs from time to time that tenant deposits and insurance may not cover. Our properties have infrastructure and appliances of varying ages and conditions. Consequently, we routinely retain third-party contractors and trade professionals to perform repair work and are exposed to the risks inherent in property restoration, including potential cost overruns, increases in labor and materials costs, delays by contractors in completing work, delays in the timing of receiving necessary work permits and certificates of occupancy and poor workmanship. If our assumptions regarding the cost or timing of restorations across our properties prove to be materially inaccurate, we will be adversely affected.

 

The costs and amount of time necessary to secure possession and control of a newly acquired property may exceed our assumptions, which would delay our receipt of revenue from, and return on, the property.

 

Upon acquiring a new property, we may have to evict occupants who are in unlawful possession before we can secure possession and control of the property. The holdover occupants may be the former owners or tenants of a property, or they may be squatters or others who are illegally in possession. Securing control and possession from these occupants can be both costly and time-consuming. If these costs and delays exceed our expectations, our financial performance may suffer because of the increased expenses incurred or the unexpected delays in turning the properties into revenue-producing rented homes.

 

We depend on our tenants for a substantial majority of our revenues.

 

We depend on tenants for a substantial portion of our revenues. Our operating results and cash available for distribution would be adversely affected if a significant number of our tenants were unable to meet their lease obligations or failed to renew their leases with us. Widespread lay-offs and other adverse changes in the economic conditions in our markets could result in substantial tenant defaults or non-renewals. In the event of a tenant default or bankruptcy, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord at that property and may incur costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing the property. We may be unable to re-lease the property for the rent previously received.

 

Through our preferred operator program, we often acquire portfolios of properties that are master leased to a third-party operator. Under these arrangements, the revenue we derive from these properties comes entirely from lease payments made by the third-party operator to us. If the third-party operator is unable to generate sufficient revenue from the operation of these properties to meet its obligations, including its obligation to pay rent to us, it is likely that the operator will not meet its lease obligations to us. This could result in the reduction or elimination of revenue relating to a large number of our properties. A third-party operator’s ability to make lease payments to us would be adversely affected if a significant number of the occupants of the properties were unable to meet their obligations to the operator, which could make it difficult for the operator to meet its obligations to us. The occupants’ ability to meet their obligations to our third-party operator is affected by the same factors that affect our tenants’ ability to meet their obligations to us with respect to our self-managed portfolio, such as local economic and employment conditions.

 

We may be unable to renew leases and our occupancy rate could decline.

 

We cannot assure you that tenants will renew their leases with us. If the rental rates for our properties decrease or our tenants do not renew their leases, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution, market price of our common stock and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations could be materially adversely affected.

 

Some or all of our properties may become vacant either by a default of tenants under their leases or the expiration or termination of tenant leases. If vacancies continue for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in less cash available for distribution. In addition, the resale value of the property could be reduced because the market value of a particular property may deteriorate if it remains unoccupied for an extended period of time.

 

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A significant number of our properties are part of HOAs, and we and our tenants are subject to the rules and regulations of such HOAs, which may be arbitrary or restrictive. Violations of such rules may subject us to additional fees, penalties and litigation with such HOAs which would be costly.

 

A significant number of our properties are located within HOAs, which are private entities that regulate the activities of owners and occupants of, and levy assessments on, properties in a residential subdivision. HOAs in which we own properties may have or may enact onerous or arbitrary rules that restrict our ability to restore, market or lease our properties or require us to restore or maintain such properties at standards or costs that are in excess of our planned budgets. Such rules may include requirements for landscaping, limitations on signage promoting a property for lease or sale or the requirement that specific construction materials be used in restorations. Some HOAs also impose limits on the number of property owners who may rent their homes, which, if met or exceeded, would cause us to incur additional costs to sell the property and opportunity costs of lost rental revenue. Furthermore, many HOAs impose restrictions on the conduct of occupants of homes and the use of common areas, and we may have tenants who violate HOA rules and for which we may be liable as the property owner. Additionally, the boards of directors of the HOAs in which we own property may not make important disclosures about the properties or may block our access to HOA records, initiate litigation, restrict our ability to sell our properties, impose assessments or arbitrarily change the HOA rules. We may be unaware of or unable to review or comply with HOA rules before purchasing a property, and any such excessively restrictive or arbitrary regulations may cause us to sell such property at a loss, prevent us from renting such property or otherwise reduce our cash flow from such property, which would have an adverse effect on our returns on these properties.

 

We are subject to tenant relief laws and may be subject to rent control laws, which will negatively impact our rental revenue.

 

When we acquire distressed properties, we often will need to evict the occupant of the premises. Additionally, as an owner of many rental properties, we will regularly be seeking to evict tenants who are not paying their rent or are otherwise in material violation of the terms of their lease. Eviction activities will result in additional legal costs and require the time and attention of our management. The eviction process is typically subject to numerous legal requirements and mandatory “cure” policies, which may increase our costs and delay our ability to gain possession of and stabilize a property. Additionally, state and local landlord-tenant laws may impose legal duties on us to assist tenants in relocating to new housing, or restrict our ability to recover certain costs or charge tenants for damage tenants cause to our property. Because such laws vary by state and locality, we will need to be familiar with and take appropriate steps to comply with applicable landlord-tenant laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate, and we will need to incur supervisory and legal expenses to ensure such compliance. To the extent that we do not comply with state or local laws, we may be subjected to civil litigation filed by individuals, a class of plaintiffs or by state or local law enforcement. We may be required to pay our adversaries’ litigation fees and expenses if judgment is entered against us in such litigation or if we settle such litigation.

 

Furthermore, rent control laws may affect our rental revenue. Especially in times of recession and economic slowdown, rent control initiatives can receive significant political support. Were rent control to become applicable to certain of our properties, the effects on both our rental revenue and the value of such properties could be material and adverse.

 

Class action, tenants’ rights and consumer rights litigation may result in increased expenses and harm our results.

 

There are numerous tenants’ rights and consumer rights organizations that operate in our markets, and, as we grow in scale, we may attract attention from some of these organizations and become a target of legal demands or litigation. Many such organizations have become more active and better funded in connection with mortgage foreclosure-related issues, and, with the large settlements identified above and the increased market for single-family rentals arising from former homeowners, some of these organizations may shift their litigation,

 

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lobbying, fundraising and grass roots organizing activities to focus on landlord-tenant issues. While we intend to conduct our business lawfully and in compliance with applicable landlord-tenant and consumer laws, such organizations might work in conjunction with trial and pro bono lawyers in one state or multiple states to attempt to bring claims against us on a class action basis for damages or injunctive relief. We cannot anticipate what form such legal actions might take or what remedies they may seek. Additionally, these organizations may lobby local county and municipal attorneys or state attorneys general to pursue enforcement or litigation against us or may lobby state and local legislatures to pass new laws and regulations to constrain our business operations. If they are successful in any such endeavors, they could limit our business operations and may impose on us significant litigation expenses, including settlements to avoid continued litigation or judgments for damages or injunctions.

 

Poor tenant selection and defaults by our tenants may negatively affect our financial performance and reputation.

 

Our success will depend, in large part, upon our ability to attract and retain qualified tenants for our properties. This will depend, in turn, upon our ability to screen applicants, identify good tenants and avoid tenants who may default. We will inevitably make mistakes in our selection of tenants, and we may rent to tenants whose default on our leases or failure to comply with the terms of the lease or HOA regulations negatively affect our financial performance, reputation and the quality and value of our properties. For example, tenants may default on payment of rent, make unreasonable and repeated demands for service or improvements, make unsupported or unjustified complaints to regulatory or political authorities, make use of our properties for illegal purposes, damage or make unauthorized structural changes to our properties which may not be fully covered by security deposits, refuse to leave the property when the lease is terminated, engage in domestic violence or similar disturbances, disturb nearby residents with noise, trash, odors or eyesores, fail to comply with HOA regulations, sub-let to less desirable individuals in violation of our leases or permit unauthorized persons to live with them. In addition, defaulting tenants will often be effectively judgment-proof. The process of evicting a defaulting tenant from a family residence can be adversarial, protracted and costly. Furthermore, some tenants facing eviction may damage or destroy the property. Damage to our properties may significantly delay re-leasing after eviction, necessitate expensive repairs or impair the rental revenue or value of the property, resulting in a lower than expected rate of return. In addition, we will incur turnover costs associated with re-leasing the properties, such as marketing expense and brokerage commissions, and will not collect revenue while the property is vacant. Although we will attempt to work with tenants to prevent such damage or destruction, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in all or most cases. Such tenants will not only cause us not to achieve our financial objectives for the properties in which they live, but may subject us to liability, and may damage our reputation with our other tenants and in the communities where we do business.

 

Title defects and eminent domain could lead to material losses on our investments.

 

Although we have acquired, and currently intend to acquire in the future, title insurance on the majority of our residential properties when it is available, we will also acquire a number of our homes on an “as is” basis at auctions, without the benefit of title insurance prior to closing. Increased scrutiny of title matters, particularly in the case of foreclosures, could lead to legal challenges with respect to the validity of the sale. In the absence of title insurance, the sale may be rescinded, and we may be unable to recover our purchase price, resulting in a complete loss. Title insurance obtained subsequent to purchase offers little protection against discoverable defects as they are typically excluded from such policies. Although we endeavor to assess the state of title prior to purchase, there can be no assurance that our assessments will be completely effective, which could lead to a material if not complete loss on our investment in such properties. In addition, even if we are able to acquire title insurance on a property, the title insurance provider may assert that we are not entitled to coverage under the policy and deny any claims we have thereunder.

 

Our title to a property, especially those acquired at auction, may be challenged for a variety of reasons, including allegations of defects in the foreclosure process. Title insurance, if any, may not prove adequate in these instances.

 

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It is also possible that governmental authorities may exercise eminent domain to acquire land on which our properties are built in order to build roads or other infrastructure. Any such exercise of eminent domain would allow us to recover only the fair value of the affected properties. Our acquisition strategy is premised on the concept that this “fair value” will be substantially less than the real value of the property for a number of years, and we could effectively have no profit potential from properties acquired by the government through eminent domain. Several cities are also exploring proposals to use eminent domain to acquire mortgages to assist homeowners to remain in their homes, potentially reducing the supply of single-family homes for sale in our markets.

 

The large supply of single-family homes becoming available for purchase as a result of the heavy volume of foreclosures, combined with historically low residential mortgage rates, may cause some potential renters to seek to purchase residences rather than lease them and, as a result, cause a decline in the number and quality of potential tenants.

 

The large supply of foreclosed homes, along with the low residential mortgage interest rates currently available and government sponsored programs to promote home ownership, has made home ownership more affordable and more accessible for potential renters who have strong credit. The foregoing factors may encourage certain potential renters to purchase residences rather than lease them, thereby causing a decline in the number and quality of potential tenants available to us.

 

Declining real estate values and impairment charges could adversely affect our earnings and financial condition.

 

We intend to review the carrying value of our long-lived assets (including our real estate properties) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. If our evaluation indicates that we may be unable to recover the carrying value of a material portion of our real estate investments, an impairment loss will be recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the properties. These losses would have a direct impact on our net income, because recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to net income. They would also be reflected as a decrease in assets on our balance sheet. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results in future periods. A deteriorating real estate market may cause us to reevaluate the assumptions used in our impairment analysis. Impairment charges could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash available for distribution and market price of our common stock.

 

Risks Related to Short-Term Private Mortgage Financing

 

The short-term private mortgage financings we provide are subject to risks of delinquency, default and loss.

 

Mortgage loans are subject to risks of delinquency, default and loss. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by residential property typically is dependent primarily upon the income or assets of the borrower. In addition, the ability or motivation of the borrower to repay its mortgage loan may be affected by, among other things: changes in zoning laws for the property or its surrounding area; the condition of the property and neighborhood; environmental contamination at the property; the occurrence of any uninsured casualty at the property; changes in national, regional or local economic conditions; declines in regional or local real estate values; increases in interest rates; real estate tax rates; changes in governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including environmental legislation; acts of God; terrorism; social unrest; and civil disturbances.

 

To the extent that the borrower purchased a property with the intent of rehabilitating and “flipping” the property to a third party, such borrower may not have adequate funds to complete the rehabilitation or otherwise may not be able to complete such rehabilitation prior to the maturity of the mortgage note. The inability to

 

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complete such improvements or an inability to sell the property to a third party upon completion of such rehabilitation may impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan and may result in an event of default under such mortgage loan.

 

In the event of a default under a mortgage loan held by us, we will bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral that we can realize upon foreclosure and sale and the principal and accrued interest of the mortgage loan, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow from operations and could limit the amount of cash available for distribution. In the event of the bankruptcy of a mortgage loan borrower, the mortgage loan to such borrower will be deemed to be secured only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing the mortgage loan will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee or debtor-in-possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law. Foreclosure on a mortgage loan can be an expensive and lengthy process that can have a substantial negative effect on our originally anticipated return on the foreclosed mortgage loan.

 

We may be subject to losses due to fraudulent and negligent acts on the part of loan applicants, mortgage brokers, other vendors and our employees.

 

With respect to our investments in mortgage loans, we rely upon information supplied by borrowers and other third parties, including financial and other information provided by the applicant in connection with our funding of the loan, property appraisal reports or valuations, title information and other appropriate documentation. If any of this information is misrepresented or falsified and if we do not discover it prior to funding a loan, the actual value of such loan may be significantly lower than anticipated. As a practical matter, we generally bear the risk of loss associated with a misrepresentation, whether it is made by the borrower, the mortgage broker, another third party or one of our employees. Although we may have rights against persons and entities who made or knew about the misrepresentation, those persons and entities may be difficult to locate, and it is often difficult to collect any monetary losses that we may have suffered.

 

Our mortgage lending activities are subject to a body of complex laws and regulation at the federal, state and local levels.

 

In connection with our mortgage lending activities, we are required to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as well as judicial and administrative decisions, of all jurisdictions in which we fund mortgage loans, as well as an extensive body of federal laws, rules and regulations. The volume of new or modified laws, rules and regulations applicable to our business has increased in recent years. The laws, rules and regulations of each of these jurisdictions are different, complex and, in some cases, in direct conflict with each other. It may be more difficult to identify comprehensively, to interpret accurately, to program properly our information systems and to effectively train our personnel with respect to all of these laws, rules and regulations, thereby potentially increasing the risks of non-compliance with these laws, rules and regulations. Our failure to comply with these laws, rules and regulations could prevent us from funding mortgage loans and could lead to civil and criminal liability, including potential monetary penalties, and negatively impact our ability to enforce loans or give borrowers the right to rescind or cancel loan transactions.

 

Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry Generally

 

Our performance and value are subject to general economic conditions and risks associated with our real estate assets.

 

The investment returns available from equity investments in real estate depend on the amount of income earned and capital appreciation generated by the properties, as well as the expenses incurred in connection with the properties. If the properties we acquire do not generate income sufficient to meet operating expenses, including any debt service and capital expenditures, then our ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected. In addition, there are significant expenditures associated with an investment in real

 

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estate (such as debt service (to the extent we borrow funds in the future), real estate taxes, HOA fees, insurance and maintenance costs) that generally do not decline when circumstances reduce the income from the property. Income from and the value of the properties we acquire may be adversely affected by the factors listed below, some of which are described in greater detail in the pages that follow:

 

   

downturns in international, national, regional and local economic conditions (particularly increases in unemployment);

 

   

the attractiveness of the properties we acquire to potential tenants and competition from other properties;

 

   

changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in our markets;

 

   

bankruptcies, financial difficulties or lease defaults by our tenants;

 

   

inability to collect rent from tenants;

 

   

changes in interest rates, availability and terms of debt financing;

 

   

changes in operating costs and expenses and our ability to control rents;

 

   

changes in, or increased costs of compliance with, governmental laws, rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws, and our potential liability thereunder;

 

   

political, regulatory or other factors including terrorism;

 

   

illiquidity of real estate investments generally;

 

   

tenants’ perceptions of the safety, convenience and attractiveness of our properties and the neighborhoods in which our properties are located;

 

   

ongoing needs for capital improvements, particularly in older properties;

 

   

our ability to provide adequate maintenance and obtain adequate insurance;

 

   

changes in the cost or availability of insurance, including coverage for mold or asbestos;

 

   

environmental conditions or retained liabilities for such conditions;

 

   

unanticipated changes in costs associated with known adverse environmental conditions or retained liabilities for such conditions;

 

   

periods of high interest rates and tight money supply;

 

   

tenant turnover;

 

   

general overbuilding or excess supply in our markets;

 

   

disruptions in the global supply chain;

 

   

the ability or unwillingness of tenants to pay rent increases;

 

   

civil unrest, acts of God, including earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and other natural disasters, which may result in uninsured losses, and acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of terrorist acts such as those that occurred on September 11, 2001;

 

   

rent control or rent stabilization or other housing laws, which could prevent us from raising rents; and

 

   

increases in property-level maintenance and operating expenses.

 

For these and other reasons, we cannot assure you that we will become profitable or that we will realize growth in the value of our real estate properties.

 

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Uninsured or underinsured losses relating to real property may adversely affect our returns.

 

We attempt to ensure that all of the properties we acquire are adequately insured to cover casualty losses. However, there are certain losses, including losses from floods, fires, earthquakes, acts of war, acts of terrorism or riots, that may not always be insured against or that are not generally fully insured against because it is not deemed economically feasible or prudent to do so. In addition, changes in the cost or availability of insurance could expose us to uninsured casualty losses. In the event that any of the properties we acquire incurs a casualty loss that is not fully covered by insurance, the value of our assets will be reduced by the amount of any such uninsured loss, and we could experience a significant loss of capital invested and potential revenues in these properties and could potentially remain obligated under any recourse debt associated with the property. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors might also keep us from using insurance proceeds to replace or restore a property after it has been damaged or destroyed. Under those circumstances, the insurance proceeds we receive might be inadequate to restore our economic position on the damaged or destroyed property. Any such losses could adversely affect us and the market price of our common stock. In addition, we may have no source of funding to repair or reconstruct the damaged property, and we cannot assure you that any such sources of funding will be available to us for such purposes in the future.

 

Contingent or unknown liabilities could adversely affect our financial condition.

 

Our acquisition activities are subject to many risks. We may acquire properties that are subject to unknown or contingent liabilities, including liabilities for or with respect to liens attached to properties, unpaid real estate taxes, utilities or HOA charges for which a prior owner remains liable, clean-up or remediation of environmental conditions or code violations, claims of vendors or other persons dealing with the acquired properties and tax liabilities, among other things. In each case, our acquisition may be without any, or with only limited, recourse with respect to unknown or contingent liabilities or conditions. As a result, if any such liability were to arise relating to our properties, or if any adverse condition exists with respect to our properties that is in excess of our insurance coverage, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or cure it, which could adversely affect us. The properties we acquire may also be subject to covenants, conditions or restrictions that restrict the use or ownership of such properties, including prohibitions on leasing or requirements to obtain the approval of HOAs prior to leasing. We may not discover such restrictions during the acquisition process and such restrictions may adversely affect our ability to operate such properties as we intend.

 

In addition, purchases of single-family homes acquired at auction, in short sales, from lenders or in bulk purchases typically involve few or no representations or warranties with respect to the properties and may allow us limited or no recourse against the sellers of such properties. Such properties also often have unpaid tax, utility and HOA liabilities for which we may be obligated but fail to anticipate.

 

Environmentally hazardous conditions may adversely affect our operating results.

 

Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic substances on such property. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by applicable environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition, third parties may sue the owner or operator of a site for damages based on personal injury, natural resources or property damage or other costs, including investigation and clean-up costs, resulting from the environmental contamination. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances on one of our properties, or the failure to properly remediate a contaminated property, could give rise to a lien in favor of the government for costs it may incur to address the contamination or otherwise adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the property or borrow using the property as collateral. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated. A property owner who violates environmental laws may be subject to sanctions which may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain

 

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circumstances, private parties. In connection with the acquisition and ownership of our properties, we may be exposed to such costs. The cost of defending against environmental claims, of compliance with environmental regulatory requirements or of remediating any contaminated property could materially and adversely affect us.

 

Compliance with new or more stringent environmental laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require material expenditures by us. We may be subject to environmental laws or regulations relating to our properties, such as those concerning lead-based paint, mold, asbestos, proximity to power lines or other issues. We cannot assure you that future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose any material environmental liability or that the current environmental condition of our properties will not be affected by the activities of tenants, existing conditions of the land, operations in the vicinity of the properties or the activities of unrelated third parties. In addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations that we may be required to comply with. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in fines and/or damages, suspension of personnel, civil liability and/or other sanctions.

 

We may obtain only limited warranties when we purchase a property and would have only limited recourse in the event our due diligence did not identify any issues that lower the value of our property.

 

The seller of a property often sells such property in its “as is” condition on a “where is” basis and “with all faults” without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition, purchase and sale agreements may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will only survive for a limited period after the closing. The purchase of properties with limited warranties increases the risk that we may lose some or all of our invested capital in the property, as well as the loss of rental revenue from that property.

 

We may have difficulty selling real estate investments, and our ability to distribute all or a portion of the net proceeds from such sales to our stockholders may be limited.

 

Real estate investments are relatively illiquid, and, as a result, we may have a limited ability to sell our properties should the need arise. When we sell our properties, we may not realize gains on such sales. We may elect not to distribute any proceeds from the sales of properties to our stockholders; for example, we may use such proceeds to:

 

   

purchase additional properties;

 

   

repay debt, if any;

 

   

buy out interests of any co-venturers or other partners in any joint venture in which we are a party;

 

   

create working capital reserves;

 

   

complete repairs, maintenance or other capital improvements or expenditures to our remaining properties; or

 

   

for general corporate purposes.

 

Our ability to sell our properties may also be limited by our need to avoid the 100% prohibited transactions tax that is imposed on gain recognized by a REIT from the sale of property characterized as dealer property. In order to ensure that we avoid such characterization, we may be required to hold our properties for a minimum period of time and comply with certain other requirements in the Code or dispose of our properties through our TRS, which will be subject to federal and state income taxation as a corporation.

 

Our real properties are subject to property taxes that may increase in the future, which could adversely affect us.

 

Our real properties are subject to real and personal property taxes that may increase as tax rates change and as the real properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. Our leases with preferred operators provide

 

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that property taxes are the responsibility of the preferred operators, while our leases for our self-managed properties provide that we are responsible for such taxes. In any case, as the owner of the properties, we are ultimately responsible for payment of the taxes to the applicable government authorities. If real property taxes increase, our expenses will increase. Moreover, if our preferred operators do not pay real estate taxes pursuant to the terms of their leases with us, we will be responsible for such taxes. If we fail to pay any such taxes, the applicable taxing authority may place a lien on the real property and the real property may be subject to a tax sale. In addition, at our self-managed properties, we are responsible for real property taxes.

 

Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest

 

Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, exercised significant influence with respect to the terms of the contribution of the ARM assets to us in our formation transactions that took place in May 2012, including the economic benefits they received, and as a result, the consideration paid by us for the ARM assets may have exceeded the fair market value of the ARM assets.

 

We did not conduct arm’s-length negotiations with respect to the terms of the contribution by Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, of the ARM assets to us in our formation transactions that took place in May 2012. In the course of structuring the contribution, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes had the ability to influence the terms and conditions of the transaction and the benefits that they have received.

 

Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes also obtained certain other benefits in connection with our formation, such as employment agreements and LTIP unit grants and other compensation. The terms of the formation transactions may not reflect your best interest and may be overly favorable to Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes.

 

Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes have duties to Phoenix Fund which may create conflicts of interest, and these conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, which could adversely affect us.

 

Each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes owns a 50% interest in the general partner of Phoenix Fund. They also jointly own ARM, the former property manager of Phoenix Fund, which holds the 175,000 OP units that our operating partnership issued in connection with our acquisition of the ARM assets upon completion of our initial private offering and formation transactions in May 2012. They may have conflicting duties because they have a duty to both us and to the limited partners of Phoenix Fund (which will retain ownership of its properties and continue as a private fund until liquidated). Upon completion of our formation transactions in May 2012, Phoenix Fund agreed not to commit to purchase any additional single-family homes and, as a result, Phoenix Fund is not expected to compete with us for investments in single-family homes in our markets. However, some of Phoenix Fund’s properties may compete with our properties, including with respect to tenants. Our TRS is party to a management agreement with Phoenix Fund, pursuant to which it provides services, including, among other things, leasing management services, to Phoenix Fund for a fee in an amount equal to 6.0% of Phoenix Fund’s gross rental revenue.

 

It is possible that the duties owed by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes to the limited partners of Phoenix Fund may conflict with the duties they owe to us. In addition, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes are required to spend a portion of their working time attending to the obligations of the general partner of Phoenix Fund, which may detract from the amount of time and attention they are able to devote to us. Finally, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes are entitled to receive certain compensation from Phoenix Fund in the event of a sale of the assets of Phoenix Fund, which could create incentives for them that are in conflict with our interests, particularly if we have an interest in buying those assets.

 

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Our fiduciary duties to the limited partners of our operating partnership could create conflicts of interest, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.

 

We, through our wholly owned subsidiary that serves as the sole general partner of our operating partnership, have a fiduciary duty to the other limited partners in our operating partnership, the discharge of which may conflict with the interests of our stockholders. The limited partners of our operating partnership (other than us) are Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, as well as other members of our management and our Board of Directors who have received LTIP units. The limited partners of our operating partnership have agreed that, in the event of a conflict between the duties owed by us to our stockholders and to such limited partners, we are under no obligation to give priority to the interests of such limited partners.

 

In addition, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, as well as any other limited partners (other than us), have and will have the right to vote on certain amendments to the partnership agreement and to approve certain amendments that would adversely affect their rights. These voting rights may be exercised in a manner that conflicts with your interests.

 

We may also experience conflicts of interest with several members of our senior management team who are or may become limited partners in our operating partnership through the receipt of LTIP units granted under our equity incentive plan. See “Management—2012 Equity Incentive Plan.”

 

Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure

 

Provisions of our charter may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us by authorizing our Board of Directors to issue additional securities.

 

Our Board of Directors may, without stockholder approval, amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of our shares or the number of shares of any class or series that we have the authority to issue and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our common or preferred stock, and set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of additional shares or establish a series of common or preferred stock that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company, including transactions at a premium over the market price of our shares, even if stockholders believe that a change in control is in their interest. These provisions, along with the restrictions on ownership and transfer contained in our charter and certain provisions of Maryland law described below, could discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or make it more difficult for a third party to gain control of us, which could adversely affect the market price of our securities. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws.”

 

Provisions of Maryland law may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us by requiring our Board of Directors or stockholders to approve proposals to acquire our company or effect a change in control.

 

Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or the MGCL, applicable to Maryland corporations may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change in control under circumstances that otherwise could provide our stockholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of their shares, including:

 

   

“business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person (other than us or any subsidiary) who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock after the date on which we first had 100 or more beneficial owners of our stock, or an affiliate or associate of us who, at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding stock after the date on which we first had 100 or more beneficial owners of our stock) or an affiliate of any interested

 

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stockholder for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder, and, thereafter, any such business combination between us and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by our Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (1) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our outstanding voting stock and (2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our outstanding voting stock other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other conditions, our stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares; and

 

   

“control shares” provisions provide that holders of our “control shares” (defined as shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of three ranges) acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by our stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, excluding votes cast by (1) the person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition, (2) an officer or (3) an employee of us who is also a director of the corporation.

 

By resolution of our Board of Directors, we have opted out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL and provided that any business combination between us and any other person is exempt from the business combination provisions of the MGCL, provided that the business combination is first approved by our Board of Directors (including a majority of directors who are not affiliates or associates of such persons). In addition, pursuant to a provision in our bylaws, we have opted out of the control share provisions of the MGCL. However, our Board of Directors may by resolution elect to opt in to the business combination provisions of the MGCL, and we may, by amendment to our bylaws, opt in to the control share provisions of the MGCL at any time in the future, whether before or after an acquisition of control shares. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Business Combinations” and “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Control Share Acquisitions.”

 

Certain provisions of the MGCL permit our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or bylaws, to implement certain corporate governance provisions, some of which (for example, a classified board) are not currently applicable to us. These provisions may have the effect of limiting or precluding a third party from making an unsolicited acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us under circumstances that otherwise could be in the best interests of our stockholders. Our charter contains a provision whereby we elect, at such time as we become eligible to do so, to be subject to the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL relating to the filling of vacancies on our Board of Directors. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Maryland Unsolicited Takeovers Act.”

 

Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions not in your best interests.

 

Under Maryland law, generally, a director will not be liable if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:

 

   

actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or

 

   

active and deliberate dishonesty that is established by a final judgment and is material to the cause of action.

 

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Our charter and bylaws provide for indemnification of our directors and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Our bylaws require us to indemnify each director and officer, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service to us. In addition, we may be obligated to advance the defense costs incurred by our directors and officers. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist absent the current provisions in our charter and bylaws or that might exist with other companies. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Limitation of Directors’ and Officers’ Liability and Indemnification.”

 

Our charter contains provisions that make removal of our directors difficult, and the employment agreements we have with some of our executives contain severance provisions that make termination of their employment under certain circumstances expensive for us, which could make it difficult for our stockholders to effect changes to our Board of Directors and our management.

 

Our charter provides that a director may be removed only for cause (as defined in our charter) and then only by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. Our charter also provides that vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if less than a quorum. These requirements prevent stockholders from removing directors except for cause and with a substantial affirmative vote and from replacing directors with their own nominees and may prevent a change in control of our company that is in the best interests of our stockholders.

 

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers containing severance provisions that could make it difficult and costly for us to terminate their employment.

 

The ability of our Board of Directors to change our major policies without the consent of stockholders may not be in your interest.

 

Our Board of Directors determines our major policies, including policies and guidelines relating to our acquisitions, leverage, financing, growth, operations and distributions to stockholders. Our Board of Directors may amend or revise these and other policies and guidelines from time to time without the vote or consent of our stockholders. Accordingly, our stockholders will have limited control over changes in our policies and those changes could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

We may structure acquisitions of property in exchange for limited partnership units in our operating partnership on terms that could limit our liquidity or our flexibility.

 

We may acquire properties by issuing limited partnership units in our operating partnership in exchange for a property owner contributing property to the partnership. If we enter into such transactions, in order to induce the contributors of such properties to accept units in our operating partnership, rather than cash, in exchange for their properties, it may be necessary for us to provide them additional incentives. For instance, our operating partnership’s limited partnership agreement provides that any holder of units may exchange limited partnership units for cash equal to the value of an equivalent number of shares of our common stock or, at our option, for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. We may, however, enter into additional contractual arrangements with contributors of property under which we would agree to repurchase a contributor’s units for shares of our common stock or cash, at the option of the contributor, at set times. If the contributor required us to repurchase units for cash pursuant to such a provision, it would limit our liquidity and thus our ability to use cash to make other investments, satisfy other obligations or make distributions to stockholders. Moreover, if we were required to repurchase units for cash at a time when we did not have sufficient cash to fund the repurchase, we might be required to sell one or more properties to raise funds to satisfy this obligation. Furthermore, we might

 

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agree that if distributions the contributor received as a limited partner in our operating partnership did not provide the contributor with a defined return, then upon redemption of the contributor’s units we would pay the contributor an additional amount necessary to achieve that return. Such a provision could further negatively impact our liquidity and flexibility. Finally, in order to allow a contributor of a property to defer taxable gain on the contribution of property to our operating partnership, we might agree not to sell a contributed property for a defined period of time or until the contributor exchanged the contributor’s units for cash or shares. Such an agreement would prevent us from selling those properties, even if market conditions made such a sale favorable to us.

 

Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock

 

There is currently no public market for our common stock, an active trading market for our common stock may never develop and our common stock price may be volatile and could decline substantially following this offering.

 

Shares of our common stock are newly issued securities for which there is no established trading market. We intend to apply to list our common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “            .” However, there can be no assurance that such listing will be approved or, if approved:

 

   

that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained;

 

   

that a liquid market for our common stock will develop or be sustained;

 

   

that our stockholders will be able to sell their common stock; or

 

   

the price that our stockholders may obtain for their common stock.

 

If an active market does not develop or is not maintained, the market price of our common stock may decline and you may not be able to sell your shares. Even if an active trading market develops for our common stock subsequent to this offering, the market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. Our financial performance, government regulatory action, tax laws, interest rates and market conditions in general could have a significant impact on the future market price of our common stock.

 

Some of the factors that could negatively affect or result in fluctuations in the market price of our common stock include:

 

   

actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results;

 

   

our failure to meet, or the lowering of, our earnings estimates or those of any securities analysts;

 

   

our financial condition, cash flows and liquidity or changes in our business strategy or prospects;

 

   

increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of our shares to demand a higher yield;

 

   

changes in market valuations of similar companies or the stock market generally;

 

   

adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we may incur in the future;

 

   

future equity issuances by us, or share resales by our stockholders, or the perception that such issuances or resales may occur;

 

   

additions or departures of company personnel who are key to us;

 

   

actions by our stockholders;

 

   

speculation in the press or investment community;

 

   

general market, economic and political conditions, including an economic slowdown or dislocation in the global credit markets;

 

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our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;

 

   

failure to qualify or maintain our qualification as a REIT;

 

   

changes in accounting principles; and

 

   

passage of legislation or other regulatory developments that adversely affect us or our industry.

 

The NYSE or another nationally recognized exchange may not continue to list our securities, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

 

We intend to apply to list our common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “            ,” subject to official notice of issuance. In order to remain listed, we will be required to meet the continued listing requirements of the NYSE or, in the alternative, any other nationally recognized exchange to which we may apply. We may be unable to satisfy these listing requirements, and there is no guarantee that our common stock will remain listed on a nationally recognized exchange. If our common stock is delisted from the NYSE or any other nationally recognized exchange, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

 

   

a limited availability of market quotations for our common stock;

 

   

reduced liquidity with respect to the market for our common stock;

 

   

a determination that our common stock is “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our common stock;

 

   

a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

 

   

a decreased ability to issue additional shares of our common stock or obtain additional financing in the future.

 

The price to public per share of our common stock offered by this prospectus may not accurately reflect the value of your investment.

 

Immediately prior to this offering, there was no public market for our common stock. The initial price to public was determined by negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters of this offering. Among the factors considered in determining the initial price to public were our future prospects and those of our industry in general, our revenues, results of operations and certain other financial and operating information in recent periods, and the valuation measures, market prices of securities and certain financial and operating information of companies engaged in activities similar to ours.

 

You will experience immediate and substantial dilution from the purchase of our common stock sold in this offering.

 

The per-share offering price to public of our common stock is higher than what our net tangible book value per share will be immediately after this offering. Accordingly, purchasers of our common stock in this offering will incur immediate dilution of approximately     % per share, based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus.

 

The availability and timing of cash distributions is uncertain.

 

We are generally required to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, each year in order for us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, which requirement we currently intend to satisfy through quarterly cash distributions of all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income in such year, subject to certain

 

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adjustments. We have not established a minimum distribution payment level, and our ability to make distributions may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the risk factors described in this prospectus.

 

Our Board of Directors will determine the amount and timing of any distributions. In making such determinations, our directors will consider all relevant factors, including the amount of cash available for distribution, capital expenditures, general operational requirements and applicable law. We intend over time to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock. However, we bear all expenses incurred by our operations, and the funds generated by our operations, after deducting these expenses, may not be sufficient to cover desired levels of distributions to our stockholders. In addition, our Board of Directors, in its discretion, may retain any portion of such cash in excess of our REIT taxable income for working capital. We cannot assure you how long it may take to generate sufficient available cash flow to fund distributions, nor can we assure you that sufficient cash will be available to make distributions to you. With a limited operating history, we cannot predict the amount of distributions you may receive, and we may be unable to make, maintain or increase distributions over time.

 

There are many factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders. Because we may receive rents and income from our properties at various times during our fiscal year, distributions paid may not reflect our income earned in that particular distribution period. The amount of cash available for distribution will be affected by many factors, including without limitation, the amount of time it takes for us to deploy the net proceeds from this offering into our target assets, the amount of income we will earn from those investments, the amount of our operating expenses and many other variables. Actual cash available for distribution may vary substantially from our expectations.

 

While we intend to fund the payment of quarterly distributions to our stockholders entirely from distributable cash flows, we may fund our quarterly distributions to our stockholders from a combination of available net cash flows, equity capital and proceeds from borrowings. In the event we are unable to consistently fund future quarterly distributions to our stockholders entirely from distributable cash flows, the value of our shares may be negatively impacted.

 

We may use a portion of the net proceeds from this offering to make distributions, which would, among other things, reduce our cash available for investing.

 

Prior to the time we have fully invested the net proceeds from this offering or are generating positive cash flow from operations, we may fund any quarterly distributions out of the net proceeds from this offering, which would reduce the amount of cash we have available for investing and other purposes. The use of these net proceeds for distributions could be dilutive to our financial results. In addition, funding our distributions from our net proceeds may constitute a return of capital to our investors, which would have the effect of reducing each stockholder’s basis in its shares of our common stock.

 

Future sales of our common stock or other securities convertible into our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and could result in dilution of your shares.

 

Our Board of Directors is authorized, without your approval, to cause us to issue additional shares of our common stock or to raise capital through the issuance of preferred stock (including equity or debt securities convertible into common stock), options, warrants and other rights, on terms and for consideration as our Board of Directors in its sole discretion may determine. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decrease significantly. To the extent the proceeds of any future equity offering are invested in residential assets that have less favorable yield characteristics than our then-existing portfolio, our stockholders will suffer dilution in their yield and distributable cash per share. We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future sales of our common stock, or the availability of our common stock for future sales, on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

 

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Subject to certain exceptions, each of our officers, directors and Phoenix Fund has entered into a lock-up agreement with respect to shares of our common stock and securities exchangeable or exercisable for shares of our common stock, restricting the direct or indirect sale of such securities for 180 days after the date of this prospectus without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of this offering. Additionally, all of our other stockholders have agreed with us not to directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell, grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of our common stock for 180 days, in the case of the holder who is the selling stockholder in this offering, or 60 days, in the case of holders who are not selling stock in this offering, in each case after the date of this prospectus. We have agreed not to waive or otherwise modify this agreement without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of this offering. The representatives of the underwriters of this offering may, at any time, release, or authorize us to release, as the case may be, all or a portion of our common stock subject to the foregoing lock-up provisions. If the restrictions under the lock-up agreements are waived, shares of our common stock may become available for sale into the market, subject to applicable law, which could reduce the market price for our common stock.

 

Members of our senior management team, our Board of Directors, continuing investors and Phoenix Fund collectively own a significant amount of our common stock, or OP units or LTIP units exchangeable for shares of our common stock, and future sales by these holders of shares of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur in the future, could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

 

Mr. Schmitz, Ms. Hawkes and other members of our senior management team, our Board of Directors, continuing investors and Phoenix Fund will beneficially own, upon completion of this offering, an aggregate of approximately     % of our outstanding shares of common stock (assuming the exchange of all outstanding OP units and LTIP units beneficially owned by them into shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis). Future sales by these holders of shares of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur in the future, could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

 

Holders of 18,423,857 shares of our common stock have registration rights that obligate us to register the offer and sale of their shares under the Securities Act. Once we register the offer and sale of shares for the holders of registration rights, the shares can be freely sold in the public market, subject to any applicable lock-up agreements or unless they are held by “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 of the Securities Act.

 

Future offerings of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common stock upon our bankruptcy or liquidation, and future offerings of equity securities that may be senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividend and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

 

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making offerings of debt securities or additional offerings of equity securities. Upon bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments or both that could limit our ability to pay a dividend or other distribution to the holders of our common stock. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control. As a result, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings, and purchasers of our common stock in this offering bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their ownership interest in our company.

 

An increase in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell shares of our common stock is our distribution rate as a percentage of our share price, relative to market interest rates. If market interest

 

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rates increase, prospective investors may demand a higher distribution rate on shares of our common stock or seek alternative investments paying higher distributions or interest. As a result, interest rate fluctuations and capital market conditions can affect the market price of shares of our common stock. For instance, if interest rates rise without an increase in our distribution rate, the market price of shares of our common stock could decrease because potential investors may require a higher distribution yield on shares of our common stock as market rates on our interest-bearing instruments such as bonds rise. In addition, to the extent we have variable rate debt, rising interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our variable rate debt, thereby adversely affecting our cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and make distributions to our stockholders.

 

Risks Related to Qualification and Operation as a REIT

 

Failure to qualify as a REIT, or failure to remain qualified as a REIT, would cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

We believe that our organization and proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. However, we cannot assure you that we will qualify and remain qualified as a REIT. In connection with this offering, we will receive an opinion from Hunton & Williams LLP that we qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012, and our current and proposed method of operations will enable us to continue to satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for our taxable year ending December 31, 2013 and subsequent taxable years. Investors should be aware that Hunton & Williams LLP’s opinion will be based upon customary assumptions, will be conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our assets and the conduct of our business, is not binding upon the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, or any court and speaks as of the date issued. In addition, Hunton & Williams LLP’s opinion will be based on existing federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, certain qualification tests set forth in the federal tax laws. Hunton & Williams LLP will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements.

 

If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for distribution to our stockholders because:

 

   

we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates;

 

   

we could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax and possibly increased state and local taxes; and

 

   

unless we are entitled to relief under certain federal income tax laws, we could not re-elect REIT status until the fifth calendar year after the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.

 

In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will no longer be required to make distributions. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and it would adversely affect the market price of our common stock. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flows.

 

Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income from some activities conducted as a result of

 

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a foreclosure and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. In addition, we could, in certain circumstances, be required to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain our qualification as a REIT. In addition, in order to meet the REIT qualification requirements, or to avert the imposition of a 100% tax that applies to certain gains derived by a REIT from dealer property or inventory, we may hold and/or dispose of some of our assets through our TRS or other subsidiary corporations that will be subject to regular corporate federal, state and local taxes.

 

Failure to make required distributions would subject us to federal corporate income tax.

 

We intend to continue to operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In order to qualify as a REIT, we generally are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, each year to our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under the Code.

 

The prohibited transactions tax may limit our ability to dispose of our properties.

 

A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property other than foreclosure property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. We may be subject to the prohibited transactions tax in an amount equal to 100% of net gain upon a disposition of real property. Although a safe harbor to the characterization of the sale of real property by a REIT as a prohibited transaction is available, we cannot assure you that we can comply with the safe harbor or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Consequently, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of our properties or may conduct such sales through our TRS, which would be subject to federal and state income taxation as a corporation. For example, if we decide to acquire properties opportunistically to restore in anticipation of immediate resale, we will need to conduct that activity through our TRS to avoid the 100% prohibited transactions tax. No assurance can be given, however, that the IRS will respect the transaction by which any such properties are contributed to our TRS, and, even if the contribution transaction is respected, our TRS may incur a significant tax liability as a result of any such sales.

 

We may pay taxable dividends of our common stock and cash, in which case stockholders may sell shares of our common stock to pay tax on such dividends, placing downward pressure on the market price of our common stock.

 

We may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and common stock at the election of each stockholder. The IRS has issued private letter rulings to other REITs treating certain distributions that are paid partly in cash and partly in stock as taxable dividends that would satisfy the REIT annual distribution requirement and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for federal income tax purposes. Those rulings may be relied upon only by taxpayers to whom they were issued, but we could request a similar ruling from the IRS. In addition, the IRS previously issued a revenue procedure authorizing publicly traded REITs to make elective cash/stock dividends, but that revenue procedure does not apply to our 2012 and future taxable years. Accordingly, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to make taxable dividends payable in cash and common stock.

 

If we made a taxable dividend payable in cash and common stock, taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for federal income tax purposes. As a result, stockholders may be required to pay income tax with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the common stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the

 

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sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common stock. If we made a taxable dividend payable in cash and our common stock and a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may be viewed as economically equivalent to a dividend reduction and put downward pressure on the market price of our common stock. We do not currently intend to pay taxable dividends in the form of our common stock and cash, although we may choose to do so in the future.

 

Our ownership of our TRS is subject to limitations, and our transactions with our TRS will cause us to be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if those transactions are not conducted on arm’s-length terms.

 

Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. In addition, the Code limits the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT to assure that the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The Code also imposes a 100% excise tax on REITs for certain transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. Furthermore, we monitor the value of our respective investments in our TRS for the purpose of ensuring compliance with taxable REIT subsidiary ownership limitations and structure our transactions with our TRS on terms that we believe are arm’s length to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with the 25% REIT subsidiaries limitation or to avoid application of the 100% excise tax.

 

You may be restricted from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of our common stock.

 

The stock ownership restrictions of the Code for REITs and the 9.8% stock ownership limit in our charter may inhibit market activity in our capital stock and restrict our business combination opportunities.

 

In order to qualify as a REIT for each taxable year after 2012, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, beneficially or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding stock at any time during the last half of a taxable year. Attribution rules in the Code determine if any individual or entity beneficially or constructively owns our capital stock under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our capital stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year after 2012. To help insure that we meet these tests, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of shares of our capital stock.

 

Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our Board of Directors, our charter prohibits any person from beneficially or constructively owning more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock. Our Board of Directors may not grant an exemption from these restrictions to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of 9.8% of the value of our outstanding shares would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT. These restrictions on ownership and transfer will not apply, however, if our Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions is no longer necessary in order for us to qualify as a REIT.

 

Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities.

 

To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts that we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be required to make distributions to

 

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stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution and may be unable to pursue investments that would be otherwise advantageous to us in order to satisfy the source-of-income or asset-diversification requirements for qualifying as a REIT. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make certain attractive investments.

 

Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.

 

The maximum tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” payable to U.S. stockholders that are taxed at individual rates is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates on qualified dividend income. The more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could cause investors who are taxed at individual rates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock.

 

We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could reduce the market price of our common stock.

 

At any time, the federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended. We cannot predict when or if any new federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective, and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may take effect retroactively. We and our stockholders could be adversely affected by any such change in the federal income tax laws, regulations or administrative interpretations.

 

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Some of the statements included in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, forecasts, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. These statements are only predictions. We caution that forward-looking statements are not guarantees. Actual events or our investments and results of operations could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward- looking statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “could,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.

 

The forward-looking statements included in this prospectus reflect our current views about future events and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and changes in circumstances that may cause our actual results to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement. Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, may be forward-looking:

 

   

our ability to effectively deploy the net proceeds from this offering;

 

   

our business and investment strategy;

 

   

our projected operating results;

 

   

economic, demographic or real estate developments in our markets;

 

   

home value appreciation, employment growth, residential building permits, median household income and household formation in our markets;

 

   

defaults on, early terminations of or non-renewal of leases by our tenants;

 

   

our ability to identify properties to acquire and completing acquisitions;

 

   

increased time and/or expense to gain possession and restore properties;

 

   

our ability to successfully operate acquired properties;

 

   

projected operating costs;

 

   

rental rates or vacancy rates;

 

   

our ability to obtain financing arrangements;

 

   

general volatility of the markets in which we participate;

 

   

our expected investments;

 

   

interest rates and the market value of our target assets;

 

   

impact of changes in governmental regulations, tax law and rates and similar matters;

 

   

our ability to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT;

 

   

availability of qualified personnel;

 

   

estimates relating to our ability to make distributions to our stockholders in the future;

 

   

our understanding of our competition; and

 

   

market trends in our industry, real estate values, the debt securities markets or the general economy.

 

The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future events, taking into account all information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future events or of our performance. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many

 

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possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. Some of these events and factors are described in this prospectus under the headings “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Our Business and Investments.” If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, cash flows and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in or implied by our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict the occurrence of those matters or the manner in which they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We estimate that the net proceeds to us from this offering will be approximately $         million, based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus ($         million if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full), after deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions, structuring fee and approximately $         million of other estimated offering expenses payable by us. We will contribute the net proceeds from this offering to our operating partnership, and we expect to cause our operating partnership to use these net proceeds to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as rental properties, to provide short-term private mortgage financing secured by interests in single-family homes, repay amounts outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility and for general business purposes. As of March 31, 2013, we had approximately $31.3 million outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility. We borrowed these funds to finance our acquisition and restoration activities. As of March 31, 2013, amounts outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility bear interest at 2.70% per annum. Prior to the full deployment of the net proceeds of this offering as described above, we may invest the undeployed net proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term, investment-grade securities or money market accounts that are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. We expect that these initial investments will provide a lower net return than we expect to receive from the investments described above.

 

Affiliates of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Jefferies LLC and Raymond James & Associates, Inc. are lenders under our $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility and will receive a pro rata portion of the net proceeds from this offering used to repay amounts outstanding thereunder. Because affiliates of one or more of the underwriters are lenders under our senior secured revolving credit facility, it is possible that more than 5% of the proceeds from this offering (not including the underwriting discount) may be received by an underwriter and/or its affiliates. Nonetheless, the appointment of a qualified independent underwriter is not necessary in connection with this offering because REITs are excluded from the requirement of Rule 5121 of FINRA. See “Underwriting—Conflicts of Interest.”

 

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the selling stockholder.

 

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DISTRIBUTION POLICY

 

We intend to make quarterly cash distributions to our stockholders, consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually to our stockholders an amount at least equal to 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. We will be subject to income tax on our taxable income that is not distributed and to an excise tax to the extent that certain percentages of our taxable income are not distributed by specified dates. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations—Distribution Requirements.” Income as computed for purposes of the foregoing tax rules will not necessarily correspond to our income as determined for financial reporting purposes.

 

The amount, timing and frequency of any distributions will be determined by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion. Our Board of Directors will consider such factors as it deems relevant when authorizing any distributions, which may include:

 

   

our actual and projected results of operations;

 

   

our liquidity, cash flows and financial condition;

 

   

the revenue from our properties and other investments;

 

   

our operating expenses;

 

   

economic conditions;

 

   

the timing of the investment of the net proceeds from this offering;

 

   

applicable law;

 

   

any debt service requirements;

 

   

our capital expenditures;

 

   

prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements;

 

   

our REIT taxable income;

 

   

the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code; and

 

   

other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

 

Any distributions we make in the future will depend significantly upon our actual results of operations, which may differ materially from our current expectations. For more information regarding risks that could materially and adversely affect our actual results of operations, see “Risk Factors.” We cannot assure you that distributions will be made or sustained or that our Board of Directors will not change our distribution policy in the future.

 

To the extent that our cash available for distribution is less than the amount required to be distributed under the REIT provisions of the Code, we may consider various funding sources to cover any shortfall, including selling certain of our assets, borrowing funds or using a portion of the net proceeds we receive in this offering or future offerings (and thus all or a portion of such distributions may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes). We also may elect to pay all or a portion of any distribution in the form of a taxable distribution of our stock or debt securities.

 

We anticipate that any distributions generally will be taxable as ordinary income to our stockholders, although a portion of any distributions may be designated by us as qualified dividend income or capital gain, or may constitute a return of capital. We will furnish annually to each of our stockholders a statement setting forth distributions paid during the preceding year and their characterization as ordinary income, return of capital, qualified dividend income or capital gain. For a more complete discussion of the tax treatment of distributions to holders of shares of our common stock, see “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Our charter allows us to issue preferred stock that could have a preference on distributions. We currently have no intention to issue any preferred stock, but, if we do, the distribution preference on the preferred stock could limit our ability to make distributions to the holders of our common stock.

 

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CAPITALIZATION

 

The following table sets forth our cash and cash equivalents and capitalization as of December 31, 2012 (1) on a historical basis and (2) as adjusted to give effect to (a) the sale by us of 37,600 shares of our common stock in the direct private placement at a price of $20.50 per share and (b) the sale by us of             shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed initial price to public of $         per share, which is the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus. You should read this table together with “Selected Consolidated Financial Data,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our consolidated financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

     December 31, 2012  
     Historical     As Adjusted  
     ($ in thousands)  

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 101,725      $     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Debt:

   $ —        $ —     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Equity:

    

American Residential Properties, Inc. stockholders’ equity

    

Common stock, $0.01 par value; 500,000,000 shares authorized, 18,387,257 shares issued and outstanding, historical and             shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted (1)

   $ 184      $     

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value; 100,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding, historical and as adjusted

    

Additional paid-in capital

     346,851     

Accumulated deficit

     (6,139  
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total American Residential Properties, Inc. stockholders’ equity

   $ 340,896      $     

Non-controlling interests (2)

   $ 5,335      $     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total equity

   $ 346,231      $     
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total capitalization

   $ 349,427      $                
  

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)   Includes 15,875 restricted shares of our common stock issued to certain of our employees pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Excludes: (a)              shares of our common stock that will be available for future issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan upon completion of this offering and (b)             shares of our common stock that we may issue and sell upon the exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option in full.
(2)   Includes: (a) 175,000 OP units held by ARM; (b) 506,422 shares of our common stock underlying an aggregate of 506,422 LTIP units previously granted to our officers, employees and directors pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan; and (c)              shares of our common stock underlying              LTIP units to be issued to our named executive officers in connection with this offering (based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus; the actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in this offering).

 

As of March 31, 2013, we had approximately $46.0 million of cash and cash equivalents and approximately $31.3 million outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

 

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DILUTION

 

Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2012 was approximately $         million, or $         per share of our common stock (assuming the exchange of outstanding OP units and LTIP units for common stock on a one-for-one basis). Net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our consolidated total tangible assets minus our consolidated total liabilities, divided by the shares of our common stock that were outstanding on the date of calculation. Our as adjusted net tangible book value on December 31, 2012 would have been approximately $         million, or $         per share, after giving effect to (1) the sale by us of 37,600 shares of our common stock in the direct private placement at a price of $20.50 per share and (2) the sale by us of              shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed initial price to public of $         per share, which is the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, structuring fee and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $         per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value of $         per share to new investors who purchase our common stock in this offering at an assumed initial price to public of $         per share. The following table shows this immediate per-share dilution:

 

Initial price to public per share

   $               

Net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2012, before giving effect to the direct private placement and this offering (1)

   $    

Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to the direct private placement and this offering

   $    

As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2012, after giving effect to the direct private placement and this offering

   $    

Dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors (2)

   $    

 

(1)   Includes our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2012, assuming the exchange of outstanding OP units and LTIP units for common stock on a one-for-one basis.
(2)   Dilution is determined by subtracting as adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to the direct private placement and this offering from the initial price to public paid by a new investor for our common stock.

 

Assuming the underwriters fully exercise their over-allotment option, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2012 would have been approximately $         million, or $         per share. This represents an immediate dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value of $         per share to new investors in this offering (assuming the exchange of outstanding OP units and LTIP units for common stock on a one-for-one basis).

 

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Differences Between New Investors and Continuing Investors

 

The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2012, the differences between the average price per share paid by our existing stockholders and by new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in this offering at an assumed initial price to public of $         per share, which is the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, before deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions, structuring fee and other estimated offering expenses payable by us in this offering, in each case assuming the exchange of all outstanding OP units and LTIP units for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis:

 

     Shares / OP Units / LTIP Units
Issued / Granted (1)
    Total
Consideration
    Average Price
Per  Share
 
     Number    Percentage     Amount      Percentage    

Continuing investors

               $                             $                

Selling stockholder

            

New investors

            
  

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

        100   $           100   $     
  

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)   Assumes no exercise of the underwriters’ option to cover over-allotments.

 

If the underwriters fully exercise their over-allotment option, the number of shares of our common stock held by existing holders will be reduced to     % of the aggregate number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering, and the number of shares of our common stock held by new investors will be increased to             , or     %, of the aggregate number of shares of our common stock outstanding after this offering.

 

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

 

The following tables present selected historical consolidated financial data and selected portfolio data for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 and as of December 31, 2012. The selected historical consolidated financial data presented below under the captions “Consolidated Statement of Operations Data” and “Consolidated Balance Sheet Data” have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. Since the information presented below is only a summary and does not provide all of the information contained in our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, you should read it in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data

 

     Period from
March 30, 2012
(inception) through
December 31, 2012
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Revenue:

  

Rental

   $ 2,195   

Other

     735   
  

 

 

 

Total revenue

     2,930   

Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     912   

Real estate taxes

     608   

Homeowners’ association fees

     330   

Acquisition

     760   

Depreciation and amortization

     1,804   

General, administrative and other

     4,837   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     9,251   
  

 

 

 

Loss from continuing operations before equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     (6,321

Equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     83   
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

   $ (6,238
  

 

 

 

 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

 

     As of
December 31, 2012
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Investment in real estate, net

   $ 216,696   

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 101,725   

All other assets

   $ 31,006   

Total assets

   $ 349,427   

Total liabilities

   $ 3,196   

Total equity

   $ 346,231   

 

Selected Portfolio Data

 

     As of
December 31, 2012
 

Total properties owned

     1,775   

Properties owned for at least six months

     70   

Leased properties owned for at least six months

     55   

Occupancy percentage of properties owned for at least six months

     79

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the “Selected Consolidated Financial Data,” “Our Business and Investments” and consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this prospectus. Where appropriate, the following discussion includes the effects of completion of this offering and the use of the net proceeds. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” or in other parts of this prospectus.

 

Overview

 

Our Company

 

We are an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns and manages single-family homes as rental properties. In 2008, our founders, Stephen G. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Laurie A. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, identified a unique opportunity to acquire homes at distressed pricing and lease them at attractive rental rates. They subsequently began developing a vertically integrated platform to acquire and manage single-family homes on an institutional scale. We were formed to expand upon our founders’ vision, strategy and platform, through which, as of March 31, 2013, they have acquired 3,139 homes since 2008.

 

As of March 31, 2013, we owned 2,531 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas with an aggregate investment of $293.1 million, and we managed an additional 608 properties for Phoenix Fund in Arizona and Nevada. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have contracted to acquire 785 single-family homes for a total purchase price of approximately $84.5 million, of which 43 homes are in Arizona, 4 homes are in California, 66 homes are in Florida, 25 homes are in Georgia, 35 homes are in Illinois, 114 homes are in Indiana, 214 homes are in North Carolina, 9 homes are in South Carolina and 275 homes are in Texas. We actively evaluate new markets to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

Our primary business strategy is to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as well-maintained investment properties to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns over the long-term. We believe our founders’ four years of direct experience in the single-family rental sector provides us with the expertise to successfully execute our business strategy nationally to institutional standards. We have the infrastructure to acquire large numbers of properties through multiple acquisition channels. We source individual properties through auctions and brokers, and portfolios of properties through brokerages or directly from operators, investors or banks, and, in the future, we may source assets from these channels and GSEs. We have the experience and resources necessary to restore homes to “rent-ready” condition in an efficient and cost-effective manner, to a standard that we believe appeals to our target tenants’ preferences, enabling us to attract qualified tenants and to provide a high level of service to retain our tenants. We believe that our vertically integrated acquisition and management platform is critical to executing our strategy.

 

In addition to our primary business strategy of acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family homes, we have a private mortgage financing strategy that generates attractive returns on invested capital and provides us access to acquisition opportunities and valuable market data. As of March 31, 2013, our private mortgage portfolio had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $25.3 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 12.1% per annum and a weighted-average remaining term of 146 days. We also owned an additional

 

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$1.2 million in long-term mortgage investments. Additionally, for the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we funded or committed to fund approximately $10.0 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will fund all of the loans that we have committed to fund.

 

We plan to continue acquiring single-family homes and other residential real estate related assets in markets that satisfy our investment criteria with the net proceeds from this offering. As of December 31, 2012, all of our properties and other assets were purchased with cash on hand. In the future, we expect to prudently finance our operations, in part, with borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility and with various types of indebtedness. In March 2013, we borrowed approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

 

Over time, we expect that the proportion of our total assets invested in self-managed properties, properties leased to and managed by third-party preferred operators and in private mortgage financings will vary depending upon available investment opportunities and other factors. In general, after investing the net proceeds from this offering, we expect that a substantial percentage of our total assets will be invested in self-managed properties and properties leased to and managed by third-party preferred operators and that the remaining portion of our total assets will be invested in private mortgage financings. The allocation of our total assets among self-managed properties, properties leased to and managed by preferred operators and private mortgage financings is likely to vary significantly over time.

 

We conduct substantially all of our operations through our operating partnership, in which we will own a     % interest, including the sole 1.0% general partnership interest that we hold through a subsidiary, upon completion of this offering.

 

Formation Transactions

 

We were incorporated in Maryland in March 2012. Our initial stockholders were Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, each of whom purchased 500 shares of our common stock upon our incorporation for a price of $1.00 per share. Our operating partnership was formed as a Delaware limited partnership in April 2012. Its general partner, American Residential GP, LLC, our wholly owned subsidiary, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company in April 2012.

 

On May 11, 2012, as part of our formation transactions and in exchange for 175,000 OP units and approximately $85,000 in cash, we acquired from ARM the proprietary, vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform that our founders developed.

 

The platform we acquired from ARM enabled Phoenix Fund to purchase 608 homes in the greater Phoenix, Arizona and Las Vegas, Nevada markets in various subdivisions with an aggregate purchase price in excess of $73.8 million from February 2010 through March 31, 2013. Our acquisition of this platform, along with key employees we hired from ARM, provided us with an established and scalable infrastructure, including extensive research and high-volume acquisition and property management capabilities, which we believe positions us well for growth. Phoenix Fund purchased 150,000 shares of our common stock in our initial private offering and agreed not to commit to purchase any additional single-family homes.

 

On May 11, 2012, upon completion of our initial private offering and the contribution to our operating partnership of the ARM assets as described above, our TRS entered into a cancelable sub-management agreement with ARM pursuant to which, from May 11, 2012 through February 11, 2013, our TRS provided services to ARM to enable ARM to perform its obligations under the management agreement between ARM and Phoenix Fund. These services included property restoration, leasing, management and disposition services with respect to the properties owned by Phoenix Fund. These were essentially the same services that the ARM employees whom we hired in connection with the contribution transaction referenced above provide to us with respect to our self-managed properties. Under the sub-management agreement, ARM was required to reimburse

 

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our TRS for the actual expenses incurred by our TRS to perform its obligations under the sub-management agreement, plus a fee in an amount equal to 1.0% of the gross rental revenue earned by Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by ARM. In order to simplify the relationships among these parties, on February 11, 2013, ARM, Phoenix Fund and our TRS terminated these arrangements, and our TRS entered into a management agreement directly with Phoenix Fund, pursuant to which our TRS provides the same services to Phoenix Fund for a fee in an amount equal to 6.0% of the gross rental revenue received by Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by our TRS.

 

Factors Expected to Affect Our Results and Financial Condition

 

Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. Key factors that impact our results of operations and financial condition include our pace of acquisitions and ability to deploy our capital, the amount of time and cost required to stabilize newly acquired properties and convert them to revenue generating assets, rental rates, occupancy levels, rates of tenant turnover, our expense ratios and capital structure.

 

Property Acquisitions

 

We have aggressively but prudently grown our portfolio of single-family homes and intend to continue to do so. Our ability to identify and acquire single-family homes that meet our investment criteria is impacted by home prices in our markets, the inventory of properties available for sale through our acquisition channels and competition for our target assets.

 

We have accumulated a substantial amount of recent data on acquisition costs, restoration costs and the amount of time required to convert an acquired single-family home to a rental property through our management platform and the experience of our founders over the past four years.

 

Property Stabilization

 

Unless it is already leased, before an acquired property becomes a revenue generating asset, we must possess, restore, market and lease the property. We refer to this process as property stabilization. The acquisition of properties involves the expenditure of capital in addition to payment of the purchase price, including payments for property inspections, closing costs, title insurance, transfer taxes, recording fees, broker commissions, property taxes, HOA fees (when applicable) and restoration costs. The time and cost involved in stabilizing our newly acquired properties impacts our financial performance and is affected by the amount of time it takes us to gain possession of a property, the amount of time and cost associated with property restoration and the amount of time it takes to market and lease the property. Our possession can be delayed for a multitude of reasons beyond our control, including applicable statutory rights of redemption, rescission rights and legal challenges to our ownership or unauthorized occupants living in the property at the time of purchase. As part of our underwriting criteria, we typically estimate restoration costs to be 7.5% to 15% of the purchase price, although actual costs may vary significantly based on market, age and condition of the property and other factors. The time to restore a newly acquired property can vary significantly among properties for several reasons, including the channel through which the property was acquired, the age and condition of the property and whether the property was vacant when we acquired it. Similarly, the time to market and lease a property is driven by local demand, our marketing techniques and the size of our available inventory. We actively monitor these measures and trends.

 

Based on our founders’ prior experience, we anticipate that, on average, the stabilization period for each non-leased property that we acquire will range from 90 to 180 days. We expect that most properties that were not leased at the time of acquisition should be stabilized within six months thereafter and that properties owned for more than six months provide the best indication of how our portfolio will perform over the long-term. As of December 31, 2012, we had 70 properties owned for six months or longer, of which 79% were leased. We continually track key metrics such as average time to obtain possession, restore, and lease our properties.

 

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Revenue

 

Our revenue comes primarily from rents collected under lease agreements for our properties. These include both short-term leases that we enter into directly with tenants, which typically have a term of one year, and longer-term net leases, which typically have a term of five to ten years, that we enter into with preferred operators who sub-lease the properties to sub-tenants. Our rental revenue of approximately $2,195,000 for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 was comprised of approximately $1,746,000 of rental revenue from self-managed properties and of approximately $449,000 of revenue from preferred operator program properties. We also receive fees for providing management services to Phoenix Fund and interest on our portfolio of private mortgage financings. For the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, approximately 74.9% of our total revenue was attributable to rental activity, 8.1% was attributable to management services and the remaining 17.0% was attributable to interest earned on our portfolio of private mortgage financings and on cash balances. Over time, we expect most of our revenue to be derived from leasing our properties. The most important drivers of revenue (aside from portfolio growth) are rental and occupancy rates. Our rental and occupancy rates are affected by macroeconomic factors and local and property-level factors, including market conditions, seasonality and tenant defaults, and the amount of time that it takes us to restore properties upon acquisition and the amount of time it takes us to restore and re-lease vacant properties.

 

In each of our markets, we monitor a number of factors that may impact the single-family real estate market and our tenants’ finances, including the unemployment rate, household formation and net population growth, income growth, size and make-up of existing and anticipated housing stock, prevailing market rental and mortgage rates, rental vacancies and credit availability. Growth in demand for rental housing in excess of the growth of rental housing supply, among other factors, will generally drive higher occupancy and rental rates. Negative trends in our markets with respect to these metrics or others could adversely impact our rental revenue. For a more detailed discussion of important factors that impact our revenue, see “Our Business and Investments.”

 

The growth of our portfolio has been significant in recent months, as we have increased the rate at which we acquire properties. When we commenced investment activities in May 2012, we began acquiring properties in Arizona, California and Nevada. More recently, we have also acquired properties in Florida, Georgia, Illinois and Texas, and we are actively identifying other markets in which to invest.

 

We expect that the occupancy of our portfolio will increase as the proportion of recently acquired properties declines relative to the size of our entire portfolio. Nevertheless, in the near term, our ability to drive revenue growth will depend in large part on our ability to efficiently restore and lease newly acquired properties, maintain occupancy in the rest of our portfolio and acquire additional properties, both leased and vacant.

 

The following table summarizes our acquisition and leasing activity from our commencement of investment activity in May 2012 through December 31, 2012.

 

            Acquisitions (1)                
     Total Owned
Properties

as of
May 31, 2012
     One Month
Ended
June 30, 2012
     Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2012
     Three Months
Ended
December 31,
2012
     Total Owned
Properties as of
December 31, 2012
     Percent of
Properties
Leased as of
December 31,
2012 (2)
 

Properties

     —           70         659         1,046         1,775         76

 

(1)   We acquired our first property in June 2012.
(2)   It may take up to six months to stabilize a property that was vacant at the time of its acquisition and for it to begin generating revenue. In addition, properties may be leased more than once in a given period. The amount presented represents the properties that were leased as of the end of the period.

 

From March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, we acquired a total of 1,775 properties for an aggregate investment of $220.6 million. Before a vacant or foreclosure property is leased, we must possess,

 

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restore and market it. We typically estimate restoration costs on such properties to be 7.5% to 15% of the purchase price, although actual costs may vary significantly based on the market, age and condition of the property. From January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2013, we acquired 756 single-family homes, of which 66 are in Arizona, 96 are in Georgia, 100 are in Illinois, 265 are in Indiana, 16 are in Nevada, 153 are in North Carolina, 1 is in South Carolina and 59 are in Texas, and incurred renovation and re-tenancy costs on our existing portfolio, for a total investment of approximately $72.5 million. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have under contract 785 single-family homes, of which 43 are in Arizona, 4 are in California, 66 are in Florida, 25 are in Georgia, 35 are in Illinois, 114 are in Indiana, 214 are in North Carolina, 9 are in South Carolina and 275 are in Texas, for a total investment of approximately $84.5 million. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

Expenses

 

Our ability to acquire, restore, lease and maintain our portfolio in a cost-effective manner will be a key driver of our operating performance. We monitor the following categories of expenses that we believe most significantly affect our results of operations.

 

Property-Related Expenses

 

Once we acquire and restore a self-managed property, we have ongoing property-related expenses, including HOA fees (when applicable), taxes, insurance, ongoing costs to market and maintain the property and expenses associated with tenant turnover. Certain of these expenses are not subject to our control, including HOA fees, property insurance and real estate taxes. We expect that certain of our costs, including insurance costs and property management costs, will account for a smaller percentage of our revenue as we expand our portfolio, achieve larger scale and negotiate volume discounts with third-party service providers and vendors. For properties leased to preferred operators, we have no day-to-day operating responsibilities or property-related expenses, because such responsibilities and expenses are obligations of the operators pursuant to the terms of the leases. As of December 31, 2012, 547 of our properties were managed by local operators through our preferred operator program.

 

Property Management

 

We provide all property management functions for our self-managed properties. For the properties we manage, these functions include: securing the property upon acquisition; coordinating with the utilities; controlling the restoration process; managing the leasing process; communicating with tenants; collecting rents; conducting periodic inspections, routine property maintenance and repairs; paying HOA fees; interfacing with vendors and contractors; and accounting and compliance.

 

By performing these functions internally for our self-managed properties, we believe that we establish improved communications, foster direct relationships with tenants, gain tighter control over the quality and cost of restorations and property maintenance, gain increased attention and focus of third-party leasing agents and improve the timeliness of rental receipts. In addition, we believe that our internal management structure will allow us to manage properties more efficiently than many of our competitors who are externally managed.

 

Overhead

 

We will incur expenses associated with our vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform, such as compensation expense and other general and administrative costs. In the near term, as our business grows, we expect to hire additional employees, which will increase our general and administrative costs. In addition, we will incur additional costs related to operating as a public company due to increased legal, insurance, accounting and other expenses related to corporate governance, SEC reporting and other compliance matters. Over time, we expect these costs to decline as a percentage of revenue as our portfolio grows.

 

Based on our experience, we believe that the property-related expenses for vacancy, bad debt, property taxes, insurance, HOA fees, repairs and maintenance and capital expenditure reserves and the costs for property

 

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management services, such as managing the process of restoring, marketing, leasing and maintaining our stabilized single-family homes, will average between 55% and 60% of gross rental revenue. Variations in asset level returns will be due to a variety of factors, including location, age and condition of the property and the efficiency of our property management services.

 

Non-Recurring Compensation Expenses

 

In connection with our initial private offering of common stock in May 2012, we issued 262,460 LTIP units to members of senior management which vest on the first to occur of (1) the date on which a “change in control” (as defined in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan) occurs, (2) the date on which any shares of our common stock become registered with the SEC under Section 5 of the Securities Act and listed on a national securities exchange or (3) May 11, 2015 (see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus). Assuming completion of this offering, we expect to incur approximately $3.0 million of non-cash stock compensation expense in general, administrative and other expense for the three months ending June 30, 2013 related to the vesting of the LTIP units described above.

 

We entered into employment agreements with our Chief Executive Officer and our President pursuant to which we will be required to pay bonuses relating to the registration of our common stock. Each of these two executives is entitled to be paid a special cash bonus of $250,000 if, by April 30, 2013, we file with the SEC a shelf registration statement registering the shares sold in our initial private offering and our December 2012 private offering, and each of these two executives is entitled to be paid an additional special cash bonus of $250,000 if, prior to October 29, 2013 (or 60 days later if deferred as a result of our completion of our initial public offering prior to October 29, 2013), the shares sold in our initial private offering in May 2012 and our December 2012 private offering have become registered with the SEC and become listed on a national securities exchange. We expect to incur approximately $1.0 million in general, administrative and other expense for the three months ending June 30, 2013 related to this arrangement.

 

Results of Operations

 

Our results of operations below are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Information

 

     Period from
March 30, 2012
(inception)
through
December 31, 2012
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Revenue:

  

Rental

   $ 2,195   

Management services

     238   

Interest and other

     497   
  

 

 

 

Total revenue

     2,930   

Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     912   

Real estate taxes

     608   

Homeowners’ association fees

     330   

Acquisition

     760   

Depreciation and amortization

     1,804   

General, administrative and other

     4,837   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     9,251   
  

 

 

 

Loss from continuing operations before equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     (6,321

Equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     83   
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

   $ (6,238
  

 

 

 

 

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We commenced investment activities in May 2012 upon completion of our initial private offering, and through December 31, 2012, we acquired a total of 1,775 properties, with 70 homes acquired in June 2012, 659 homes acquired during the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 1,046 homes acquired during the three months ended December 31, 2012.

 

Rental Revenue

 

Rental revenue includes rental revenue from our residential properties, application fees and lease termination fees. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 76% of our properties were leased, generating rental revenue of approximately $2,195,000 for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Management Services Revenue

 

From the completion of our initial private offering through February 11, 2013, management services revenue represented fee income earned from ARM for property restoration, leasing and management services provided to Phoenix Fund under a sub-management agreement with ARM. Since February 11, 2013, management services revenue represents fee income earned from Phoenix Fund for property restoration, leasing and management services provided to Phoenix Fund under a management agreement between Phoenix Fund and our TRS.

 

Interest and Other Revenue

 

Interest and other revenue includes interest income earned on private mortgage financings and interest income earned on cash balances held with financial institutions.

 

Property Operating and Maintenance

 

Property operating and maintenance includes all direct and indirect costs related to operating our residential properties, including management personnel, insurance, utilities, landscaping and general repairs and maintenance, other than real estate taxes and HOA fees, which are presented separately in our consolidated statement of operations.

 

Real Estate Taxes

 

Upon acquisition of a home, its real estate taxes are set based upon municipal and state laws. These costs generally remain constant throughout the year and have little variation. Because these expenses are relatively fixed during each year, our operating margin has an opportunity to improve as vacant properties in our self-managed portfolio are leased and begin generating rental revenue.

 

Homeowners’ Association Fees

 

Like real estate taxes, these fees are determined upon acquisition and generally remain fixed based upon existing HOA agreements. Accordingly, our operating margin has an opportunity to improve as vacant properties in our self-managed portfolio are leased and begin generating rental revenue.

 

Acquisition

 

Acquisition expenses are transaction costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of properties with existing leases, including but not limited to, payments for property inspections, closing costs, title insurance, transfer taxes, recording fees and broker commissions. For properties that are leased at the time of acquisition, these costs are expensed, rather than capitalized as a component of the acquisition cost (which is the accounting treatment of these costs for properties that are vacant at the time of acquisition).

 

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Depreciation and Amortization

 

Depreciation and amortization includes depreciation expense on our real estate portfolio using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, ranging from 5 to 27.5 years, from the date of acquisition. Depreciation and amortization also includes amortization expense related to in-place lease intangibles, deferred leasing costs and other direct costs capitalized associated with leasing our properties, amortized over the remaining term of the related leases.

 

General, Administrative and Other

 

General, administrative and other expense includes $1.9 million in non-cash stock compensation expense related to vesting of equity issued at the closing of our initial private offering.

 

Equity in Net Income of Unconsolidated Joint Venture

 

Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint venture includes our proportionate share of income in Flatiron VI LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that invests in residential mortgage loans.

 

Cash Flows

 

Our cash flows from operating activities primarily depend upon the occupancy level of our portfolio, the rental rates achieved on our leases, the collectability of rent from our tenants and the level of operating expenses and other general and administrative costs. Net cash used in operating activities was $(2.8) million for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012. We acquired 1,775 properties from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012. Before any property we own begins generating revenue, we must take possession of, restore, market and lease the property. In the meantime, we incur both operating and overhead expenses without corresponding revenue, which contributed to the net use of cash during the same period.

 

Our net cash used in investing activities is generally used to fund property acquisitions and recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures. Net cash used in investing activities was $(242.5) million for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 due to the acquisition of 1,775 properties and subsequent restoration activities totaling $219.2 million and the investment of $14.4 million in private mortgage loans. Substantially all of the additions to investment in real estate of $2.8 million for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 were incurred on restorations on acquired properties.

 

Our net cash related to financing activities is generally impacted by any borrowings, capital activities net of any dividends and distributions paid to common stockholders and non-controlling interests. Net cash flows provided by financing activities totaled $347.0 million for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 due to net proceeds, after expenses paid, received from our initial private offering on May 11, 2012 and our follow-on private offering on December 21, 2012.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

Our discussion and analysis of our historical financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

 

Investment in Real Estate

 

Property acquired not subject to an existing lease is accounted for as an asset acquisition, with the property recorded at the purchase price, including acquisition costs, allocated between land and building and improvements based upon their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. Property acquired with an existing

 

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lease is recorded as a business combination. For properties acquired through portfolio transactions, we determine whether the acquisition qualifies as a business combination based on the nature and status of the properties as of the acquisition date. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially leased at acquisition is treated as a business combination. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially vacant at acquisition is treated as an asset acquisition. To date, portfolio acquisitions were comprised of properties that were substantially leased at acquisition and accordingly were accounted for as business combinations. For property acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, the land, building and improvements and the existing lease are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, with acquisition costs expensed as incurred.

 

Fair value is determined under the guidance of Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements , primarily based on unobservable market data inputs, which are categorized as Level 3 inputs. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize our market knowledge and published market data. Our real estate portfolio is depreciated using the straight—line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, ranging from 5 to 27.5 years.

 

In-place lease intangibles associated with the preferred operator program are valued based on management’s estimates of lost rent and carrying costs while in-place lease intangibles associated with the acquisition of self- managed homes are valued based on management’s estimate of lost rent during the time it would take to locate a tenant and execute a lease if the property were vacant, considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating lost rent and carrying costs, management considers market rents, real estate taxes, insurance, costs to execute similar leases (including leasing commissions) and other related costs. The value assigned to in-place leases is amortized on a straight-line basis as a component of depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining initial term of the related lease. The leases reflect market rental rates.

 

We incur costs to prepare our acquired properties to be rented. These costs (including direct internal costs) are capitalized and allocated to building costs. Costs related to the restoration or improvement of our properties (including direct internal costs, primarily comprised of payroll expense) that improve and extend their useful lives are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

We evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Significant indicators of impairment may include, but are not limited to, declines in home values, rental rates and occupancy percentages and significant changes in the economy. We make our assessment at the individual property level because it represents the lowest level of cash flows. If an impairment indicator exists, we compare the expected future undiscounted cash flows from the property against its net carrying amount. We prepare our future undiscounted cash flow analysis using estimates based on current rental rates, renewals and occupancy, operating expenses and inputs from our annual planning process and historical performance. When preparing these estimates, we consider each property’s historical results, current operating trends and current market conditions. These estimates may be impacted by variable factors including inflation, expected rental rates, the general health of the economy and market competition. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the net carrying amount of the property, we record an impairment loss for the difference between the estimated fair value of the individual property and the carrying amount of the property at that date. To determine the estimated fair value, we consider both recent comparable homes sales and the use of discounted projected future cash flows. The rates used to discount projected future cash flows reflect market discount rates. No impairments were recorded during the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We lease single-family residences we own and manage directly to tenants who occupy the properties under operating leases, generally, with terms of one year. Generally we perform credit investigations on prospective

 

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tenants and obtain security deposits. Rental revenue, net of any concessions, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, which is not materially different than if it were recorded when due from tenants and recognized monthly as it is earned. Properties that are subject to longer-term operating arrangements with preferred operators are leased to the operator for a minimum of five to ten years with renewal options. These operators are responsible for taxes, insurance and maintenance of the properties under the terms of the operating arrangements. Under our preferred operator program, we earn base rental revenue paid monthly, with contractual minimum annual rent increases on each anniversary of the lease commencement date. We recognize rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We also earn percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of the gross revenue the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. Percentage rental revenue is recorded when the gross revenue collected from the sub-tenants is known and the amount can be calculated.

 

Mortgage Financings

 

We hold mortgage financing receivables for investment. The receivables are carried at cost, net of related unamortized premiums or discounts, if any. The mortgage loans are secured by single-family homes.

 

Interest income on mortgage financings is recognized on the effective interest method applied on a loan-by-loan basis. Direct costs, if any, associated with funding loans are offset against any related fees received and the balance, along with any premium or discount, is deferred and amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the terms of the related loans using the effective interest method.

 

Mortgage loans as of December 31, 2012 include approximately $12.2 million of short-term loans with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 12.1% and a weighted-average remaining term of approximately 155 days and approximately $0.8 million in long-term loans with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 7.99% and a weighted-average remaining term of approximately 30 years.

 

Rents and Other Receivables, Net

 

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses that may result from the inability of tenants or borrowers to make required rent or other payments. This allowance is estimated based on payment history and current credit status. If a tenant or borrower fails to make contractual payments beyond any allowance, we may recognize bad debt expense in future periods equal to the amount of unpaid rent, interest or principal and deferred rent. We generally do not require collateral or other security from our tenants, other than security deposits. Mortgage loans are secured by single-family homes. If estimates of collectability differ from the cash received, then the timing and amount of our reported revenue could be impacted.

 

Deferred Leasing Costs and In-Place Lease Intangibles, Net

 

Deferred leasing commissions and other direct costs associated with leasing our properties (including direct internal costs) and in-place lease intangibles are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases.

 

Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures

 

Investments in ventures are generally accounted for under the equity method of accounting when we exercise significant influence over the venture but we do not serve as managing member or control the venture. Net income/loss allocations are included in the investment balance along with the contributions made and distributions received over the life of the investment.

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents the estimated fair value of the real estate acquisition and management platform acquired from ARM. Goodwill has an indefinite life and, accordingly, we do not amortize this asset but instead

 

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analyze it on an annual basis for impairment. Accounting Standards Codification 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, permits us to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units is less than the carrying amount as a basis to determine whether the two-step impairment test is necessary. The first step in the impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds fair value, the second step is required to determine the amount of the impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. We also have the option to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to performing the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. Impairment charges, if any, are recognized in operating results. No impairments have been recorded for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Income Taxes

 

We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 to 860 of the Code commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. We believe that we have operated in such a manner as to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Accordingly, we will not be subject to federal income tax, provided that we qualify as a REIT and our distributions to our stockholders equal or exceed our REIT taxable income.

 

However, qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code related to the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that fall within specified categories, the diversity of our capital stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will be organized or be able to operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal and state income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates, and we may be ineligible to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent tax years. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state or local income taxes, and our TRS will be subject to federal, state and local taxes on its income.

 

Stock-Based Payments

 

We have awarded stock-based compensation to certain employees and members of our Board of Directors in the form of LTIP units and restricted shares of our common stock. We estimate the fair value of the awards and recognize this value over the requisite vesting period. For LTIP units, the fair value is based on the estimated market value of our common stock on the date of grant and a discount for lack of marketability estimated by a third-party consultant.

 

Emerging Growth Company Status

 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” These exemptions provide that, so long as a company qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” it will, among other things:

 

   

be exempt from the “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Act and certain disclosure requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to compensation of its chief executive officer;

 

   

be permitted to omit the detailed compensation discussion and analysis from proxy statements and reports filed under the Exchange Act and instead provide a reduced level of disclosure concerning executive compensation; and

 

   

be exempt from any rules that may be adopted by the PCAOB requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report on the financial statements.

 

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Although we are still evaluating the JOBS Act, we currently may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” except that we have irrevocably elected not to take advantage of the extension of time to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards available under Section 102(b) of the JOBS Act.

 

We will, in general, qualify as an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of:

 

   

the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of this offering;

 

   

the last day of our fiscal year in which we have annual gross revenue of $1.0 billion or more;

 

   

the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; and

 

   

the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” which will occur at such time as we (1) have an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700 million or more as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (2) have been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act for a period of at least 12 months and (3) have filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, maintain our assets, fund our operations and make distributions to our stockholders and other general business needs. Our liquidity, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive and other factors that are beyond our control. Our near-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of purchasing our target assets, restoring and leasing properties and funding our operations.

 

Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the acquisition, restoration and maintenance of properties; HOA fees; real estate taxes; non-recurring capital expenditures; interest and principal payments to the extent we incur indebtedness; payment of quarterly distributions to our stockholders to the extent declared by our Board of Directors; and general and administrative expenses. We expect to incur between 7.5% and 15.0% of the total purchase price of vacant homes acquired on restorations in order to prepare the acquired home for rental activities. On homes that are currently leased or that are acquired with an in-place lease, we expect to incur between $1,500 to $2,500 in restoration costs, in order to prepare the home for rent to a new tenant if and when the existing tenant does not renew their lease and ultimately vacates the home at lease expiration. The nature of our business, our aggressive growth plans and the requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, to our stockholders, may cause us to have substantial liquidity needs over the long-term, although we have not had any taxable income to date. We will seek to satisfy our long-term liquidity needs through cash flow from operations, long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness, the issuance of debt and equity securities, including OP units, property dispositions and joint venture transactions. We have financed our operations and acquisitions to date through the issuance of equity securities. We expect to meet our operating liquidity requirements generally through cash on hand and cash provided by operations (as we lease up acquired single-family homes). Upon completion of this offering, we anticipate that cash on hand and provided by operations will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our assets are illiquid by their nature. Thus, a timely liquidation of assets might not be a viable source of short-term liquidity should a cash flow shortfall arise that causes a need for additional liquidity. It could be necessary to source liquidity from other financing alternatives should any such scenario arise.

 

As of December 31, 2012, all of our properties and other assets were purchased with cash on hand and we had no indebtedness. In March 2013, we borrowed approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility. In the future, we expect to prudently finance our operations, in part, with borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility and with various other types of indebtedness. We may raise additional capital in the future through the sale of shares of our capital stock.

 

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We have obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us to increase the facility amount up to $300 million subject to meeting certain criteria and obtaining additional commitments from lenders. The credit facility is secured by our ownership interest in American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. Subsequent to December 31, 2012, we borrowed approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured credit facility, which remained outstanding as of March 31, 2013.

 

The amount available for us to borrow under the credit facility is subject to limitations governed by calculations based on the cost, value and debt yield supported by our properties that form the borrowing base of the credit facility. The credit agreement requires us to comply with various financial covenants, including:

 

   

a maximum leverage ratio (defined as total indebtedness to total asset value) of 40.0%, increasing up to 60.0% once $300.0 million of our homes are designated as borrowing base properties;

 

   

a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (defined as consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization to consolidated fixed charges) of 1.00x, stepping up over time to 1.75x;

 

   

a minimum tangible net worth equal to at least $258.8 million, plus 75.0% of the net proceeds of any additional equity issuances; and

 

   

a minimum liquidity requirement of $15.0 million in unrestricted cash, stepping down to $10.0 million after March 31, 2014.

 

In addition to these financial covenants, the credit agreement requires us to comply with various customary affirmative and negative covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things, incur debt and liens, make investments, dispose of properties and make distributions.

 

The covenant in the credit agreement that restricts the incurrence of debt permits us to incur:

 

   

unsecured, nonrecourse debt so long as after giving effect thereto we are in pro forma compliance with the financial covenants described above;

 

   

secured, nonrecourse debt so long as after giving effect thereto we are in pro forma compliance with the financial covenants described above, and subject to (1) limitations on our ability to on-lend proceeds of such debt to fund mortgage loans originated by third parties and (2) a $50 million limit on the incurrence of such debt if we have not designated at least $300.0 million of our homes as borrowing base properties; and

 

   

up to $50 million of unsecured, recourse debt, subject to satisfaction of certain specified conditions, including a condition that after giving effect to the incurrence thereof we are in pro forma compliance with the financial covenants described above.

 

The covenant in the credit agreement that restricts distributions includes a restriction that our annual distributions may not exceed the greater of (1) 95.0% of our funds from operations or (2) the amount required for us to (a) qualify and maintain our REIT status and (b) avoid the payment of federal or state income or excise tax. If certain events of default exist or would result from a distribution, or if our obligations under the credit facility are accelerated, we may be limited or precluded from making distributions.

 

Our liquidity and capital resources as of December 31, 2012 consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $101.7 million, including $0.4 million held by designated brokers to facilitate the acquisition of properties.

 

On January 25, 2013, we completed a direct private placement of 37,600 shares of our common stock, raising net proceeds of approximately $0.8 million, before expenses.

 

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To date, we have not declared any distributions. To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and to pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we annually distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income. Subject to the requirements of the MGCL, we intend to pay quarterly dividends to our stockholders, if and to the extent authorized by our Board of Directors. Any future distributions payable are indeterminable at this time.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not participated in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

The following table provides information with respect to our commitments as of December 31, 2012, including any guaranteed or minimum commitments under contractual obligations (dollars in thousands).

 

     2013      2014      2015      2016      2017      Thereafter      Total  

Operating lease (1)

   $ 200       $ 287       $ 292       $ 298       $ 303       $ 25       $ 1,405   

Property acquisition obligations (2)

     7,486         —           —           —           —           —           7,486   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 7,686       $ 287       $ 292       $ 298       $ 303       $ 25       $ 8,891   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

(1)   Includes operating lease for corporate office space at 7047 East Greenway Parkway, Scottsdale, Arizona.
(2)   Represents purchase offers on single-family rental homes that were accepted by the seller but not closed as of December 31, 2012. Acquisition deposits were paid through December 31, 2012 in connection with these rental home purchase commitments. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

Our future income, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevalent market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We may in the future use derivative financial instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to any borrowings we may have. We expect to enter into such contracts only with major financial institutions based on their credit rating and other factors. As of December 31, 2012, we did not have any market risk sensitive instruments.

 

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INDUSTRY OVERVIEW AND MARKET OPPORTUNITY

 

Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this Industry Overview and Market Opportunity section is derived from a market study prepared for us in connection with this offering by John Burns Real Estate Consulting, LLC, or JBREC, a real estate consulting firm. You should read the following discussion together with the information under the caption “Risk Factors.”

 

Industry Overview

 

Residential housing is the largest real estate asset class in the United States with a size of approximately $17.7 trillion, according to the 2012 fourth quarter Federal Reserve Flow of Funds release. Historically, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately one-third of this asset class has been rented and single-family homes currently comprise roughly one-third of all residential rental housing.

 

The following chart provides information about the inventory of U.S. housing as of February 2013 by unit.

 

U.S. Housing Inventory

(as of February 2013)

 

LOGO

 

Source: JBREC, February 2013.

 

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Market Opportunity

 

After nearly a decade of solid home price appreciation from 1998 to 2006, which we believe in many markets was in excess of underlying fundamentals, a significant over-correction has occurred in the pricing of the single-family housing sector. Home prices declined approximately 35% in some of the largest U.S. housing markets (as measured by the not-seasonally adjusted S&P/Case-Shiller Composite 20 Home Price Index from its peak on July 1, 2006 to its trough on March 1, 2012). We believe that home prices continue to be significantly below replacement costs in many of these markets. Additionally, we believe there will continue to be a supply of homes at distressed values, as a substantial number of non-performing loans will need to be resolved, including through foreclosure, short sale or conversion through a bank deed-for-lease program. Accordingly, we believe there is an opportunity to acquire a large volume of single-family homes at attractive pricing.

 

While a large and growing asset class, single-family rental properties have historically been managed by relatively small-scale, “mom and pop” owner-operators or by a limited number of local and regional property management organizations. More recently, the ownership profile of single-family rental properties has shifted to larger investors and national owner-operators, including our company, seeking to efficiently acquire large numbers of homes at distressed values, generate attractive rental cash flow streams and benefit from any potential future home price appreciation. We believe the return profile, from rental yields and potential for home price appreciation, is significant enough to encourage investment in the systems, structures and technologies that can make possible economies of scale, resulting in an opportunity for broader industry consolidation by larger and better-capitalized investors that are introducing a higher standard of institutional management to this asset class.

 

The ability to acquire single-family homes at reduced prices, combined with improving housing demand characteristics, may offer a significant opportunity to those with a scalable real estate management and acquisitions platform and access to capital.

 

While single-family prices are in the early stages of recovery, multi-family prices have been improving during the last two years and have returned to levels on par with early 2006, as measured by the NCREIF Index.

 

Supply of Single-Family Housing

 

Following the eight-year period of solid price appreciation that ended in late 2006, home prices fell precipitously. From its peak in 2006 through the second quarter of 2010, the aggregate value of the U.S. housing market depreciated by approximately $5.5 trillion (per Case-Shiller and U.S. Census Bureau), an extraordinary reduction of value in the housing sector. This sudden decrease in home values has contributed to approximately 11.5 million home borrowers with negative equity or in some stage of delinquency as of the fourth quarter 2012 (according to JBREC).

 

Foreclosure-related activity peaked in 2009 and has since begun to decline, but is still substantially above historical averages. From September 2008 through December 2012, there were approximately 4.1 million completed loan foreclosures (according to CoreLogic). While an unprecedented number of foreclosures have occurred, a large number of delinquent loans remain outstanding. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 11.3% of all mortgage loans (measured by loan count based on Mortgage Bankers Association data) in the nation are in some level of non-performance.

 

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Non-Performing Single-Family Residential Mortgage Loans

(as of December 2012)

(Total Non-Performing Loans: 4.7 million)

 

LOGO

 

Source: MBA Mortgage Bankers Association—4th Quarter 2012 National Delinquency Survey.

 

The chart below illustrates the increase in the level of delinquency to relatively high levels. According to Mortgage Bankers Association data, a total of 4.7 million single-family residential mortgage loans are currently non-performing.

 

U.S. Single-Family Residential Mortgage Delinquency and Foreclosure Units

(Q4 1990—Q4 2012)

 

LOGO

 

Source: MBA Mortgage Bankers Association—4th Quarter 2012 National Delinquency Survey.

 

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Over the next five years, a substantial number of non-performing loans will need to be resolved, including through foreclosure, short sale or conversion through a bank deed-for-lease program. At the current rate of delinquency and non-performance, it appears that over 4.7 million homeowners in the United States will be affected. Even if fewer than half of the delinquent or non-performing loans proceed through the foreclosure process or are sold through the short sale process, the supply of inventory available for acquisition could be large.

 

Rental Market Demand Overview

 

Over the past two years, the U.S. rental housing market has begun a sustained recovery. In many markets, rental vacancy has fallen and rents have risen, even in areas hardest hit during the housing and economic downturn.

 

In addition to a growing trend of a mobile workforce, America is undergoing a shift in demographics. Core baby boomer households are becoming empty nesters, and the number of 20- to 34-year-olds is growing at an accelerated pace, as members of “Generation Y” come of home buying age. In the context of high unemployment, labor insecurity and a desire to maintain mobility, “Generation Y,” defined as those born between 1980 and 1999, numbers more than 80 million members, and is likely to show a higher tendency to rent rather than own residential housing. Additionally, the rising cost of college education and the corresponding burden of student loans leave many young people deep in debt and less willing or able to take on mortgage debt.

 

The chart below illustrates the strength of the overall rental market (including both single-family and multi-family rental housing), which has seen increases in occupancy and rental rates (despite the macroeconomic headwinds that the United States economy has been facing). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, out of the total 78 million family households in the United States, 32 million have two members, and are more likely candidates for multi-family rentals, whereas 46 million have three or more members, and are more likely candidates for single-family rentals.

 

Single-Family and Multi-Family Rental Occupancy and Rental Rate

(as of December 31, 2011)

 

Median Monthly Rent

  

% of Total Occupied Homes

LOGO

 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Single-Family Rental Demand

 

Many homeowners who have been displaced by the housing bubble are looking to live in a home with similar characteristics and amenities to their former home and, for this population, single-family rentals may present the best available option. In the wake of the worst housing downturn in history, renting has, in many cases, become more compelling for consumers, and, with the growth of the single-family rental market, these consumers are now offered alternative rental options.

 

While multi-family and single-family housing seem to be natural competitors in the rental sector, each generally appeals to a different type of tenant. The two rental markets are largely segmented by lifecycle stage. Singles, couples without children, people with roommates, newly divorced individuals and empty nesters dominate the multi-family market, because they have smaller space needs, less demand for associated acreage and generally prefer denser, transit-centric submarkets. On the other hand, the single-family market (both owner-occupied and tenant-occupied) serves larger households that are primarily families with children, whose preferences tend to focus on the need for additional space, quality of schools and neighborhood safety.

 

Within the broader rental market, the single-family rental segment has continued to grow its relative market share compared to other types of rental housing.

 

Relative Size of the Single-Family Rental Market

(as of December 31, 2011)

 

Single-Family Rentals as % of Total Rentals)    Total Count of Rental Units

LOGO

 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

Two of the primary factors driving the increase in demand for single-family rental properties are constraints on home mortgage financing and the displacement of homeowners.

 

Constraints on Home Mortgage Financing.

 

Even with the increased affordability of homes, many would-be home buyers—including some with no history of foreclosure—are finding it difficult to qualify for a mortgage. Lenders have reverted to more stringent underwriting standards (such as limitations on aggregate indebtedness and restrictions on the percentage of income allocable to mortgage payments) and require larger down payments, which together have made it difficult for many potential home buyers to obtain mortgage financing.

 

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Displaced Owners Forced to Rent

 

In some cases, the shift from owning to renting is a function of foreclosure, short sales, or other adverse credit or economic events. A home foreclosure, for example, can have a significant adverse effect on credit status and can limit the ability to obtain mortgage debt to finance future homeownership for up to seven years. Distressed owners are effectively converted to renters, many of whom prefer to live in a single-family unit, which has characteristics and amenities similar to their former homes, as opposed to an apartment.

 

The recent drop in home prices, constraints on mortgage lending, job volatility requiring greater geographic mobility, economic uncertainty, evolving demographics and expanded rental options are changing the way many Americans live. Many people, who in the past might have become homeowners, are instead becoming long-term renters of single-family homes. According to JBREC, for every 1.0% decline in the homeownership rate, the occupants of approximately 1.1 million homes become prospective tenants, and JBREC believes that the homeownership rate will continue to decrease through 2015 and then begin to increase again.

 

Single-Family Home Prices

 

We believe that there has been an over-correction in housing prices in certain housing markets, which has led to home prices being significantly below replacement cost in many of these markets. As the economy slowly strengthens and the housing market returns to long-term pricing norms, or reverts to mean pricing levels, we believe there is the potential for home price appreciation. The chart below illustrates the magnitude of the decrease in home prices in our current markets and the subsequent rebound, which remains significantly below the peak in most markets.

 

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Changes in Burns Home Value Index (1)

(December 31, 2002 to December 31, 2012)

 

LOGO

 

Source: JBREC, February 2013.

 

  (1)   Peak occurred during either 2006 or 2007 for most markets, with the exceptions of Indianapolis (2003) and Houston (2008). Trough occurred during 2011 or 2012 for most markets, with the exceptions of Indianapolis (2010) and Houston (2009). Burns Home Value Index estimates all home values in a market, not just recent transactions (sales).

 

Markets: Economic and Demographic Fundamentals

 

Projections and Assumptions

 

The following discussion contains projections regarding home price appreciation, employment growth, residential building permit activity, median household income and household formation. JBREC has made these projections based on studying the historical and current performance of the residential housing market and applying JBREC’s qualitative knowledge about the residential housing market. The future is difficult to predict, particularly given that the economy and housing markets can be cyclical, subject to changing consumer and market psychology, and governmental policies related to mortgage regulations and interest rates. There will usually be differences between projected and actual results because events and circumstances frequently do not occur as expected, and the differences may be material. JBREC does not express any form of assurance that these

 

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projections will come true. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—The estimates, forecasts and projections relating to our markets prepared by JBREC are based upon numerous assumptions and may not prove to be accurate.”

 

Home Value Appreciation

 

The Burns Home Value Index seeks to provide a reasonable estimate of home value trends in an MSA. The index is calculated based on an “electronic appraisal” of every home in the market, rather than just the small sample of homes that are actually transacting. The index provides home value trends by analyzing transactions as they are negotiated, not closed, which eliminates the data lag embedded in other home value indices that are based only on completed transactions. The index does not measure the change in the median price of homes sold, which may be subject to the mix of homes being sold and differences by geography. Appreciation projections are highly dependent on JBREC’s assumptions of job growth by market, and mortgage rates staying below 5.2% through 2016.

 

Employment Growth

 

JBREC forecasts the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ wage and salary employment totals. Employment growth conditions vary by market, but JBREC believes that an economic recovery that involves global debt reduction is likely to be a slow-growth recovery. Among other things, JBREC has assumed that the economy is gradually expanding, albeit at a slower pace than prior economic recoveries.

 

Residential Building Permit Activity

 

JBREC’s residential building permit forecasts consider job growth in each market, as well as home sales activity, household formation and home price appreciation.

 

Median Household Income

 

JBREC’s household income forecasts assume generally improving job growth, and assume that incomes are generally rising after declining during the recent economic downturn. As with job growth, the recovery in the rate of household income growth is generally expected to occur at a slower pace in the near term than in previous economic recoveries.

 

Household Formation

 

JBREC’s household formation forecasts are based on forecasted changes in population, as well as a return to more normal headship rates, or the percentage of people in an age group who head a household. Headship rates fell for nearly all age groups from 2000 to 2010, particularly in the younger age groups, mostly caused by the economic distress in the latter half of the last decade. JBREC’s forecasts assume immigration that occurs at levels consistent with the 2000s and continued growth in multi-generational families.

 

Overview

 

As of March 31, 2013, we conducted operations in eight primary markets, which it believes possess attributes that allow it to execute its single-family rental strategy. These markets have generally experienced significant price deterioration during the financial crisis, seen a decrease in homeownership and, in our view, currently have a positive economic outlook. Additionally, these are markets where we have identified partners, vendors and sub-contractors necessary to facilitate its strategy. We believe these factors allow us to acquire, restore, lease and manage homes to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns over the long-term. As of March 31, 2013, our eight primary markets were located in Arizona (Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA), California (Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA), Georgia (Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA), Illinois (Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL metropolitan division), Indianapolis (Indianapolis-Carmel, IN MSA), Nevada (Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA) and Texas (Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metropolitan division and Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA).

 

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The following tables provide summaries of actual economic data and estimates, forecasts and projections for these eight primary markets.

 

    Metro Area        
    Phoenix, AZ
MSA
    Riverside-San
Bernardino,
CA MSA
    Atlanta, GA
MSA
    Chicago,
IL Metro
Division
    Indianapolis,
IN MSA
    Las Vegas,
NV MSA
    Dallas, TX
Metro
Division
    Houston,
TX MSA
    United
States
 

MSA Rank by Population (1)

    14        13        9        3 (7)       34        30        4 (8)       6     

Unemployment Rate (2)
December 31, 2012

    6.7     10.9     8.4     8.6     8.0     10.0     5.9     6.0     7.6

Average Annual Home Value Appreciation Forecast (3)(4)
2013 to 2016

    10.7     9.8     11.1     9.1     5.5     14.3     6.9     5.1     6.5

Average Annual Employment Growth Forecast (3)(5)
2013 to 2016

    2.6     2.0     2.1     1.6     1.9     2.1     2.5     2.8     1.8

Average Annual Median Income Growth Forecast (3)(5)
2013 to 2016

    2.9     2.3     2.2     1.9     1.2     1.9     2.7     2.0     1.8

Average Annual Population Growth Forecast (3)(6)
2013 to 2016

    2.6     1.2     1.9     0.4     1.3     3.0     2.1     1.9     1.0

Discount (Premium) of Median Home Price to Cost of Newly Constructed Home (3)(5)

    23.6     4.4     26.2     -13.6     20.4     26.3     -5.3     15.3     N/A   

 

(1)   Source: 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States.
(2)   Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
(3)   JBREC estimate; actual values may differ materially from those estimated.
(4)   Source: JBREC—Burns Home Value Index.
(5)   Source: JBREC.
(6)   Source: Moody’s Analytics (September 2012).
(7)   Represents entire Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA.
(8)   Represents entire Dallas-Fort Worth, TX MSA.

 

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Burns Home Value Index—with Year-Over-Year Change

(indexed to 100 in January 2002)

 

    Metro Area                          

Period

  Phoenix,
AZ
    MSA    
    Riverside-San
Bernardino,
CA MSA
    Atlanta,
GA MSA
    Chicago, IL
Metro
Division
    Indianapolis,
IN MSA
    Las
Vegas,
NV MSA
    Dallas,
TX Metro
Division
    Houston,
TX
MSA
    8-MSA
Average
    National
Average
 

Jan. 2002

    100          100          100          100          100          100          100          100          100          100     

2002

    103          108          102          104          101          103          101          102          103          105     

2003

    108        6     132        22     106        4     114        9     106        4     117        13     103        2     107        4     111        8     116        10

2004

    123        13     178        35     111        5     122        7     103        -3     168        44     108        5     112        5     128        15     132        14

2005

    173        41     223        25     116        5     133        9     105        2     194        16     109        1     112        0     146        14     152        15

2006

    189        9     242        9     120        4     140        5     103        -1     200        3     113        4     118        5     153        5     159        5

2007

    170        -10     214        -12     121        0     139        -1     102        -2     180        -10     113        0     120        2     145        -6     153        -4

2008

    135        -20     152        -29     111        -8     125        -10     95        -6     138        -24     108        -5     121        0     123        -15     136        -12

2009

    105        -22     118        -22     100        -10     110        -12     93        -2     100        -28     107        0     117        -3     106        -14     124        -9

2010

    93        -12     111        -6     92        -8     99        -10     91        -2     88        -11     106        -1     120        3     100        -6     119        -4

2011

    85        -9     107        -4     82        -12     92        -7     90        -2     79        -10     101        -5     120        0     94        -6     114        -4

2012

    98        15     110        3     80        -2     90        -2     91        1     82        3     100        -1     123        3     97        2     116        2

2013E (1)

    116        18     124        12     88        10     98        9     97        7     92        13     105        5     134        8     107        10     125        7

2014E (1)

    132        14     140        13     101        15     110        12     104        7     110        20     114        9     142        7     119        12     136        8

2015E (1)

    141        7     153        9     113        12     121        10     109        5     129        17     123        8     148        4     130        9     144        6

2016E (1)

    147        4     160        5     122        8     127        5     113        3     140        9     130        5     151        2     136        5     150        4

 

Source: JBREC, Burns Home Value Index data as of February 2013.

 

(1)   JBREC estimate; actual values may differ materially from those estimated.

 

Burns Home Value Index—with Month-Over-Month Change

(indexed to 100 in January 2002)

 

    Metro Area                          

Period

  Phoenix,
AZ
    MSA    
    Riverside-San
Bernardino,
CA MSA
    Atlanta,
GA  MSA
    Chicago,
IL Metro
Division
    Indianapolis,
IN MSA
    Las
Vegas,
NV MSA
    Dallas,
TX  Metro
Division
    Houston,
TX
MSA
    8-MSA
Average
    National
Average
 

Dec. 2011

    87          106          78          87          90          78          99          120          93          113     

Jan. 2012

    88        1.4     106        0.5     79        0.6     87        0.2     90        0.4     78        0.8     99        0.3     119        -0.1     93        0.5     113        0.3

Feb. 2012

    90        1.8     107        0.8     79        0.6     88        0.8     90        0.2     78        0.4     100        0.3     121        0.9     94        0.7     114        0.6

Mar. 2012

    91        2.0     108        0.5     80        0.5     89        0.9     90        0.0     79        0.8     100        0.2     122        1.3     95        0.8     115        0.7

Apr. 2012

    94        2.4     108        0.5     80        0.5     90        1.1     90        -0.3     80        1.0     100        -0.2     123        0.6     95        0.7     115        0.7

May 2012

    96        2.4     109        0.6     80        -0.4     90        0.3     90        0.0     81        1.1     99        -0.2     124        0.6     96        0.6     116        0.4

Jun. 2012

    98        2.5     110        0.9     80        -0.5     90        0.4     90        0.6     82        1.4     99        -0.2     124        0.2     97        0.7     116        0.4

Jul. 2012

    100        1.6     111        0.8     80        0.0     91        0.2     92        1.2     83        0.9     99        0.0     124        -0.1     97        0.6     117        0.4

Aug. 2012

    102        2.3     112        1.0     80        0.4     91        0.1     92        0.5     84        1.3     99        0.1     124        0.0     98        0.7     117        0.4

Sep. 2012

    103        1.2     113        1.0     80        0.4     91        0.0     92        -0.1     84        0.4     100        0.2     124        -0.1     98        0.4     117        0.2

Oct. 2012

    104        0.3     113        0.5     80        0.2     91        -0.1     92        0.3     84        0.1     100        0.3     124        0.5     99        0.3     118        0.2

Nov. 2012

    104        0.3     114        0.6     81        0.5     91        0.4     93        0.3     84        0.4     100        0.3     125        0.6     99        0.4     118        0.4

Dec. 2012

    104        0.5     115        0.8     81        0.6     92        0.8     93        0.4     85        0.8     101        0.6     126        0.8     100        0.7     119        0.6

 

Source: JBREC, Burns Home Value Index data as of February 2013.

 

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Arizona Market (Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA: “Phoenix”)

 

Phoenix Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Phoenix metropolitan area had 4.3 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the fourteenth-largest MSA in the United States by population, and is home to approximately 66% of Arizona’s population. The Phoenix metropolitan area consists of Maricopa and Pinal counties Phoenix’s key industries are focused on professional and business services and retail trade, according to the October 2012 Arizona: Economic and Business Research published by the University of Arizona. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth has been positive in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate, and household income has begun to rise. In addition, Phoenix is projected to experience population growth of 2.6% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in Phoenix, with 42,900 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 9.8% in 2010 to 6.7% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 47,875 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.6%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Phoenix has risen, experiencing a 0.9% and 1.5% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in Phoenix to increase to $58,422 by 2016, which is a 2.9% average annual increase.

 

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Median Household Income—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Phoenix Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Phoenix is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $203 billion (approximately 1.8 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 110,823 homes. In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Phoenix housing market has begun to improve. Household formation has increased from its 2011 trough, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased. In addition, home values have begun to appreciate, with an estimated home value increase of 15.1% for 2012, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Despite this recovery, homeownership has declined, from a peak of 74.9% in 2004 to a trough of 62.3% as of September 30, 2012, rising only slightly to 63.2% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Phoenix market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 23.6% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Phoenix MSA is $81.20 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Phoenix MSA median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 22% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 38,605 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $6.3 billion in value

 

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(assuming the December 31, 2012 median sales price of $163,000 per home). “Shadow inventory” includes homes that are not currently listed for sale but are in various stages of distress (i.e., mortgages that are 30 or more days delinquent or are in foreclosure). JBREC assigns a probability of sale to these homes in order to estimate the shadow inventory of single-family homes becoming available for purchase due to financial distress.

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 15,882 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, Phoenix added an estimated 21,900 households. This represents a 21.7% increase as compared to the number of households formed during the year ended December 31, 2011, though it is well off peak levels reached in 2005. From 2009 through 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 37,000, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 47,625 annually from 2013 through 2016, which is generally higher than historical growth levels. By 2016, total permits in Phoenix are expected to reach 46,000 units—the highest since 2006 in this market.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Phoenix was 63.2%, which is down from a high of 74.9% in 2004.

 

Homeownership Rate—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

LOGO

 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Phoenix are showing growth following several years of significant decline. The Burns Home Value Index was up 15.1% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $163,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 23.6% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Phoenix MSA are projected to show an average annual increase of 10.7% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Phoenix, AZ MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

LOGO

 

Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates . Single-family home average monthly rents have increased in Phoenix from 2010 through 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 18.3%% to 10.1% from 2009 to February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

LOGO

 

Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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California Market (Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA: “Inland Empire”)

 

Inland Empire Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Inland Empire metropolitan area had 4.3 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the third-largest in California and the thirteenth-largest in the nation by population. The Inland Empire metropolitan area consists of Riverside and San Bernardino counties, and, due to its proximity to the Los Angeles port, the Inland Empire has become home to many distribution centers for large manufacturers. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth was positive for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a declining unemployment rate, and household income has begun to rise. In addition, the Inland Empire is projected to experience population growth of 1.2% from 2013 through 2016, in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in the Inland Empire, with 15,900 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 14.3% in 2010 to 10.9% as of December 31, 2012. The Inland Empire economy appears to be improving, albeit at a slower pace than other parts of the country. JBREC anticipates employment will grow by an average of 24,125 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.0%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in the Inland Empire has generally risen, experiencing a 1.7% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 but a slight decrease of -0.8% for the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in the Inland Empire will increase to $58,822 by 2016, which is a 2.3% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Inland Empire Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in the Inland Empire is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $205 billion (approximately 1.5 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 70,731 homes. In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Inland Empire housing market has begun to improve. Household formation has increased from its 2008 trough, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased slightly from their 2011 issuance level. In addition, home values have begun to appreciate, with an estimated home value increase of 3.1% for 2012, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Despite this recovery, homeownership continues to decline from its peak of 68.5% in 2005 to 55.5% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Inland Empire market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 4.4% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Riverside-San Bernardino MSA is $103.76 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Riverside-San Bernardino MSA median new home size and direct

 

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construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 30% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 48,341 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $10.2 billion in value (assuming the median sales price of $210,000 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits is only slightly above its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 5,241 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, the Inland Empire added an estimated 18,700 households. From January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 48,500, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. Household formation is likely to outpace permit activity in the near term, adding an average of 24,325 households per year between 2013 and 2016. JBREC expects that, by 2016, total permit activity will return to 18,000 units issued, which is a significant improvement from the lows of this recent downturn, but significantly lower than the market’s peak.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in the Inland Empire was 55.5%, which is down from a high of 68.5% in 2005.

 

Homeownership Rate—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in the Inland Empire are showing growth following several years of significant decline. The Burns Home Value Index was up an estimated 3.1% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $210,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 4.4% less than estimated cost of a newly constructed home. Home values in the Inland Empire are projected to show an average annual increase of 9.8% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

LOGO

 

Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents have increased slightly in the Inland Empire in 2013 from 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate decreased from 12.1% in 2009 to 6.9% through February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Georgia Market (Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA: “Atlanta”)

 

Atlanta Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Atlanta metropolitan area had 5.4 million people across 28 counties and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the largest MSA in Georgia and the ninth-largest in the United States by population. Reflecting its broad-based economy, the Atlanta metropolitan area’s top employers include sectors such as trade, transportation, utilities and professional and business services (according to the University of Georgia’s 2012 Economic Yearbook). Following several years of declining employment, employment growth has been positive in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate. The median household income has begun to rise, though, for 2012, it was only 0.8% above its level in 2010. In addition, Atlanta is projected to experience population growth of 1.9% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in Atlanta, with 34,200 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 10.2% in 2010 to 8.4% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 51,375 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.1%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Atlanta has risen slightly, experiencing a 0.6% and 0.2% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in Atlanta to increase to $60,544 by 2016, which is a 2.2% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Atlanta Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Atlanta is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $259 billion (approximately 2.2 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 84,788 homes (limited geographic coverage). In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Atlanta housing market has begun to improve. Household formation remains near historic lows, but permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased. In addition, home values have begun to decrease at a slower pace, with an estimated home value decrease of 2.1% in 2012 from 2011, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Homeownership declined from its peak of 67.9% in 2006 to 60.8% as of September 30, 2012, and began to increase once again to 63.4% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Atlanta market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.2% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Atlanta MSA is $81.61 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Atlanta MSA median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value

 

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estimate (equal to 20% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a large “shadow inventory” of approximately 87,539 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $8.9 billion in value (assuming the median sales price of $101,536 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 14,331 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. An estimated 25,200 households were added during the same time period in Atlanta, and it appears as if household formation will continue to outpace new housing supply in the near term. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 44,000 annually from 2013 through 2016. Total permits are expected to increase to 38,000 units by 2016, a level that is comparable to permit activity in 1993.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels . As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Atlanta was 63.4%, which is down from a high of 67.9% in 2006.

 

Homeownership Rate—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Atlanta are decreasing less rapidly than in previous years. The Burns Home Value Index was down an estimated 2.1% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $101,536 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.2% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. After reaching a trough in 2012, home values in the Atlanta MSA are forecasted to rise at an average of 11.1% per year from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Atlanta, GA MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents have increased in Atlanta from 2011 through 2012 and into early 2013. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 16.6% to 10.8% from 2009 to February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Illinois Market (Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL Metro Division: “Chicago”)

 

Chicago Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 Population Estimates, the Chicago metropolitan division had 7.9 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the third-largest MSA in the United States by population when combined with the neighboring Gary, IN and Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metropolitan divisions (an additional 1.6 million people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 Population Estimates). The Chicago metropolitan division consists of eight counties. Chicago’s key industries are focused on trade, transportation and utilities, and professional and business services, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth has been positive in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate. Household incomes have remained relatively flat in recent years. Chicago is projected to experience population growth of 0.4% from 2013 through 2016, which is below the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in Chicago, with 34,200 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 10.4% in 2010 to 8.6% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 61,375 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 1.6%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Chicago rose 1.3% in the year ended December 31, 2011, but fell 1.3% in the year ended December 31, 2012. JBREC anticipates the median income in Chicago to increase to $61,732 by 2016, which is a 1.9% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Chicago Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in the greater Chicago MSA is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $604 billion (approximately 3.8 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 85,572 homes for the Chicago metro divisions (including seven of the eight counties in the metro division). Household formation has slowed in recent years, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes are beginning to increase once again. Home values have begun to decrease at a slower pace, with an estimated home value decrease of 2.2% in 2012 from 2011, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Homeownership has declined, from 70.0% in 2005 to a trough of 66.9% as of September 30, 2012, rising only slightly to 67.5% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Chicago market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 13.6% more than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Chicago metropolitan division is $99.38 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Chicago metropolitan division median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and

 

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includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 17% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 151,957 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $26.3 billion in value (assuming the December 31, 2012 median sales price of $165,000 per home).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics. The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 7,343 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, Chicago added an estimated 13,900 households, which is well off peak levels reached in the early 1990s. From 2008 through 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 48,500, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 21,325 annually from 2013 through 2016, which is lower than the average growth during the 1990s. By 2016, total permits in Chicago are expected to reach 18,000 units—the highest since 2007 in this market.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Chicago was 67.5%, which is down from 70.0% in 2005.

 

Homeownership Rate—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Chicago are decreasing less rapidly than in previous years. The Burns Home Value Index was down 2.2% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $165,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 13.6% more than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Chicago MSA are projected to show an average annual increase of 9.1% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Chicago, IL Metro Division

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents have increased in Chicago in early 2013 from 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 12.2% to 7.6% from 2010 to February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC. Vacancy rate represents entire Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA.

 

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Indiana Market (Indianapolis-Carmel, IN MSA: “Indianapolis”)

 

Indianapolis Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Indianapolis MSA had approximately 1.8 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the thirty-fourth-largest MSA in the United States by population. There are ten counties in the Indianapolis MSA. Indianapolis is projected to experience population growth of 1.3% from 2013-2016, which is slightly above the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Indianapolis, with 10,100 jobs added in the 12 months ended December 31, 2011 and 11,900 jobs added in the 12 months ended December 31, 2012. By comparison, the metro area lost a total of 45,200 jobs between 2008 and 2010. The unemployment rate has declined from 9.1% in 2010 to 8.0% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC assumes employment to grow by an average of 17,375 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 1.9%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Indianapolis has remained relatively flat, experiencing a 0.4% and 0.2% period over period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC assumes the median income in Indianapolis will increase to $53,297 by 2016, which is a 1.2% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Indianapolis Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Indianapolis is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $78 billion (approximately 762,000 homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey). Household formation is increasing once again, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes as of December 31, 2012 were at 4,895, reaching the trough annual level during this housing cycle in the Indianapolis MSA. Home values dropped modestly from 2003 to 2011, declining 15.0% from peak to trough annual values (according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index). The homeownership rate peaked as high as 79.0% in 2006, but has subsequently declined to 67.1% on average for 2012, rising slightly to 67.8% as of December 31, 2012.

 

We believe that there remains opportunity in the Indianapolis market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 20.4% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement /new construction cost estimate for the Indianapolis metro area is $80.77 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Indianapolis metro area median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 15% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees

 

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because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 27,172 homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $3.5 billion in value (assuming of the median sales price of $129,916 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The total annual permit issuance of single-family and multi-family permits reached what is expected to be the trough during 2012 in the Indianapolis metro area. Household growth in Indianapolis has increased from lows in 2010 to an estimated 8,900 households added in 2012. JBREC assumes that households will steadily increase from 10,700 households added in 2013 to 11,900 households added in 2016. Total permits are forecasted to reach 11,500 units in 2016, a level that is comparable to permit activity in 2006. Household formation is expected to outpace permit activity in the near term.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. The homeownership rate in the Indianapolis MSA declined from a peak of 79.0% in 2006 to 67.1% on average for 2012, rising slightly to 67.8% as of December 31, 2012.

 

Homeownership Rate - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home values in Indianapolis experienced a 1.5% increase in 2012 from 2011 after declining 15.0% from 2003 through 2011. The median resale price for a detached home was $129,916 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 20.4% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Indianapolis metro area are forecasted to rise at an average annual rate of 5.5% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index - Indianapolis, IN MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents are rising in the Indianapolis MSA, while the vacancy rate is declining. After peaking at 13.9% in 2010, the vacancy rate has decreased to 8.6% as of February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Nevada Market (Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA: “Las Vegas”)

 

Las Vegas Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Las Vegas metropolitan area, Clark County, had a population of 2.0 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is one of the fastest growing MSAs in the United States and is the thirtieth-largest MSA by population. Las Vegas’ primary economic drivers are tourism, leisure and lodging. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth was positive for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate, and household income has begun to rise. In addition, Las Vegas is projected to experience population growth of 3.0% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Las Vegas, but the recovery has been slow, with only 4,700 and 6,400 jobs added for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. This compares to approximately 124,400 jobs lost from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2010. The unemployment rate has declined from 14.1% in 2010 to 10.0% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 17,625 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.1%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Las Vegas has risen, experiencing a 1.3% and 1.0% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in Las Vegas to increase to $56,560 by 2016, which is a 1.9% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Las Vegas Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Las Vegas is estimated by the U.S. Census to be nearly $72 billion (approximately 800,000 homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 55,049 homes. In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Las Vegas housing market has begun to improve. Household formation has increased from its 2010 trough, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased. In addition, home values have begun to appreciate, with an estimated home value increase of 2.9% for 2012, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Despite this recovery, homeownership has declined, from its peak of 63.4% in 2004 to 51.1% as of September 30, 2012, increasing slightly to 52.8% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Las Vegas market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.3% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Las Vegas MSA is $87.14 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Las Vegas MSA median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 25% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the

 

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median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a large “shadow inventory” of approximately 32,422 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $4.7 billion in value (assuming the median single-family existing home sales of $145,000 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 7,379 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, Las Vegas added an estimated 10,600 households—more than the 6,700 household formations reached during the year ended December 31, 2011. From January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 8,100, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. JBREC assumes household growth will improve, growing by an average of 25,000 households annually from 2013 through 2016. Household formations are forecasted to outpace permit activity in the near term, but permits are expected to rise to 20,000 in 2016.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Las Vegas was 52.8%, which is down from a high of 63.4% in 2004.

 

Homeownership Rate—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Las Vegas are showing growth following several years of significant decline. The Burns Home Value Index was up an estimated 2.9% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $145,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.3% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Las Vegas MSA are projected to show an average annual increase of 14.3% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Las Vegas, NV MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents in Las Vegas appear to be leveling. Additionally, the vacancy rate had decreased from 14.4% in 2009 to 10.8% in 2011, and has risen to 12.6% as of February 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Texas Market (Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division: “Dallas”)

 

Dallas Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Dallas metropolitan division had approximately 4.3 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the fourth-largest MSA in the United States by population when combined with the neighboring Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metropolitan division (an additional 2.2 million people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey). There are eight counties in the Dallas metropolitan division. Dallas’ primary economic drivers are the financial services, technology and defense industries. The median household income has been rising since 2009 and, as of 2012, is at its highest level ever. In addition, Dallas is projected to experience population growth of 2.1% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Dallas, and the Dallas market has recovered all the jobs it lost during the recession. During the year ended December 31, 2009, Dallas lost 82,200 jobs, but Dallas has added 85,500 jobs from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 8.2% in 2010 to 5.9% as of December 31, 2012. The Dallas economy appears to be performing well compared to the overall U.S. economy, with robust job growth and an unemployment rate that is below the national average. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 55,500 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.5%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009, the median household income in Dallas has risen, experiencing a 3.2% and 2.0% period over period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. The median household income has surpassed 2008 levels and, as of 2012, was an estimated $60,200. JBREC anticipates the median income in Dallas to increase to $66,894 by 2016, which is a 2.7% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Dallas Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Dallas-Fort Worth is estimated by the U.S. Census and the National Association of Realtors to be $277 billion (approximately 2.5 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to the Texas A&M Real Estate Center and DataQuick, in 2012 of 85,627 homes (including 7 of the 12 counties for new home sales). The Dallas market, unlike many other markets in the United States, did not experience significant price appreciation and price correction in the last 10 years. Values have remained fairly constant, and housing fundamentals have been strong. Household formation is increasing once again, but permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes as of December 31, 2012 were at 25,395 (11,018 permits above the 2009 trough of just 14,377 homes) in the Dallas Metro Division. Home values over the past decade have remained fairly constant (compared to other markets) with only a 12.0% drop from peak to trough values (according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index). Homeownership has remained fairly constant over the past decade at approximately 62%, declining to 61.3% as of December 31, 2012.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Dallas market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 5.3% more than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement /new

 

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construction cost estimate for the Dallas Metro Division is $78.85 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Dallas Metro Division median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 20% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 43,597 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $7.8 billion in value (assuming of the median sales price of $179,100 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . Single-family and multi-family permit issuance has increased since the year ended December 31, 2009, driven primarily by growth of issuances of multi-family permits. Household growth in Dallas has remained fairly constant throughout the past 10 years. Since 2008, however, household formation has outpaced housing permits by approximately 11,800 households per year on average. The average household formation reported for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012 is 33,000 households per year, which is the highest since 2001. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 39,375 annually from 2013 through 2016, which is above historical growth levels (average of 27,000 since 1988). Total permits are expected to reach 37,000 units in 2016, a level that is comparable to permit activity in the mid-2000s.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Dallas was 61.3%, which is down from a high of 63.8% in 2010.

 

Homeownership Rate—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to the JBREC, home values in Dallas experienced a 0.9% decrease in 2012 from 2011. The median average resale price for a detached home was $179,100 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 5.3% more than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Dallas metro division are forecasted to rise at an average annual rate of 6.9% from 2013 to 2016, surpassing the previous peak values in 2014, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Dallas, TX Metro Division

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents increased in Dallas from 2011 to 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 13.5% to 9.7% from 2010 to February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC. Vacancy rate represents entire Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA.

 

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Texas Market (Houston, TX MSA: “Houston”)

 

Houston Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Houston MSA had nearly 6.1 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the sixth-largest MSA in the United States by population. There are ten counties in the Houston MSA. The median household income has been rising since 2010 and, as of 2011, had surpassed its highest level ever. In addition, Houston is projected to experience population growth of 1.9% from 2013-2016, which is above the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Houston, with 88,700 jobs added in the 12 months ended December 31, 2012. Between 2009 and 2010, the metro area lost a total of 73,400 jobs, and has added 153,700 jobs from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 8.5% in 2010 to 6.0% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC assumes employment to grow by an average of 79,625 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.8%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Houston, TX MSA

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009, the median household income in Houston has risen. With cumulative growth of 6.6% between 2010 and 2012, the median household income in 2012 had reached a new peak of $58,400. JBREC assumes the median income in Houston to increase to $63,091 by 2016, which is a 2.0% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Houston, TX MSA

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Houston Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Houston is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $237 billion (approximately 2.3 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual resale home sales, according to the Texas A&M Real Estate Center, in 2012 of 68,491 homes. Household formation is solid, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes as of December 31, 2012 were at 43,450 in the Houston MSA, which is up from fewer than 28,000 permits in 2009 and in 2010. Home values dropped modestly in 2009, and very little in 2011, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. The homeownership rate peaked as high as 64.8% in 2008, but has subsequently declined to 60.4% as of December 31, 2012.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Houston market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 15.3% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement /new construction cost estimate for the Houston metro area is $79.50 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Houston metro area median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 20% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer

 

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profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 56,820 homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $9.7 billion in value (assuming of the median sales price of $171,300 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . Single-family and multi-family permit issuance has increased since the year ended December 31, 2009, driven largely by growth of issuances of multi-family permits in 2011. However, single-family permits have risen as well. Household growth in Houston has hovered between 41,000 and 47,000 households added per year since 2008. JBREC assumes that households will steadily increase from 45,100 households added in 2013 to 51,000 households added in 2016. Total permits are expected to reach 68,000 units in 2016, a level that is significantly higher than the trough of this past housing cycle, but still short of the 2006 peak. Household formation is expected to lag permit activity in the near term.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Houston, TX MSA

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. While the homeownership rate averaged 62.2% in 2012, as of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Houston was 60.4%, which is down from a high of 64.8% in 2008.

 

Homeownership Rate—Houston, TX MSA

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home values in Houston experienced a 2.9% increase in 2012 from 2011. The median resale price for a detached home was $171,300 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 15.3% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Houston metro area are forecasted to rise at an average annual rate of 5.1% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Houston, TX MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

LOGO

 

Source: JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents in Houston have showed continued increases from 2011. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 16.2% in 2009 to 11.6% as of February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Houston, TX MSA

LOGO

 

Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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OUR BUSINESS AND INVESTMENTS

 

Our Company

 

We are an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns and manages single-family homes as rental properties. In 2008, our founders, Stephen G. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Laurie A. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, identified a unique opportunity to acquire homes at distressed pricing and lease them at attractive rental rates. They subsequently began developing a vertically integrated platform to acquire and manage single-family homes on an institutional scale. We were formed to expand upon our founders’ vision, strategy and platform, through which, as of March 31, 2013, they have acquired 3,139 homes since 2008.

 

As of March 31, 2013, we owned 2,531 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas with an aggregate investment of $293.1 million, and we managed an additional 608 properties for Phoenix Fund in Arizona and Nevada. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have contracted to acquire 785 single-family homes for a total purchase price of approximately $84.5 million, of which 43 homes are in Arizona, 4 homes are in California, 66 homes are in Florida, 25 homes are in Georgia, 35 homes are in Illinois, 114 homes are in Indiana, 214 homes are in North Carolina, 9 homes are in South Carolina and 275 homes are in Texas. We actively evaluate new markets to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

Our primary business strategy is to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as well-maintained investment properties to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns over the long-term. We believe our founders’ four years of direct experience in the single-family rental sector provides us with the expertise to successfully execute our business strategy nationally to institutional standards. We have the infrastructure to acquire large numbers of properties through multiple acquisition channels. We source individual properties through auctions and brokers and portfolios of properties through brokerages or directly from operators, investors or banks, and, in the future, we may source assets from these channels and GSEs. We have the experience and resources necessary to restore homes to “rent-ready” condition in an efficient and cost-effective manner, to a standard that we believe appeals to our target tenants’ preferences, enabling us to attract qualified tenants and to provide a high level of service to retain our tenants. We believe that our vertically integrated acquisition and management platform is critical to executing our strategy.

 

In addition to our primary business strategy of acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family homes, we have a private mortgage financing strategy that generates attractive returns on invested capital and provides us access to acquisition opportunities and valuable market data. As of March 31, 2013, our private mortgage portfolio had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $25.3 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 12.1% per annum and a weighted-average remaining term of 146 days. We also owned an additional $1.2 million in long-term mortgage investments. Additionally, for the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we funded or committed to fund approximately $10.0 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will fund all of the loans that we have committed to fund.

 

Our History and Capitalization

 

In October 2008, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes co-founded ARP LLC, a private investment firm, to capitalize on the extraordinary price deterioration in the single-family housing sector following the collapse in the housing and mortgage industries. Using their own capital, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes began acquiring single-family homes with the intent of managing them as rental properties and developing a vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform. In February 2010, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes launched Phoenix Fund, a private investment fund formed to invest opportunistically in single-family homes as rental

 

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properties, which is now fully committed and has purchased 608 homes. We were formed in March 2012 to expand upon our founders’ vision, strategy and platform. As part of our formation transactions, we completed an initial private offering of our common stock in May 2012, raising gross proceeds of approximately $223.9 million, and acquired the proprietary, vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform developed by our founders. In December 2012, we raised an additional approximately $147.3 million of gross proceeds in a follow-on private offering of our common stock. In January 2013, we raised an additional approximately $0.8 million of gross proceeds in a direct private placement of our common stock.

 

We are in the process of deploying the net proceeds from the follow-on private offering and the private placement to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes and to provide short-term private mortgage financing in accordance with our business strategy.

 

Our Competitive Strengths

 

Our company is differentiated from others in the market by the following strengths, which we believe provide us with a formidable competitive advantage to successfully execute our business strategy:

 

   

Pioneer in Institutionalizing the Single-Family Rental Sector . Our founders were early to recognize a unique opportunity to institutionalize ownership and management of the single-family rental sector. Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes successfully acted on this foresight by founding ARP LLC in 2008, launching Phoenix Fund in 2010 and forming our company in 2012. Through our company and Phoenix Fund, our founders have raised a total of approximately $416.1 million of equity capital and, as of March 31, 2013, acquired 3,139 homes. We believe that the expertise, experience and innovative thinking of our founders provide us the foundation necessary to successfully execute our business strategy with institutional quality on a national scale.

 

   

Proven Track Record Operating in the Single-Family Rental Sector . Our founders have over four years of direct experience acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family rental homes, which we believe is one of the longest track records of any large-scale operator in the single-family rental sector. Specifically, our founders have been instrumental in all activities related to the underwriting, acquisition, restoration, leasing and management of single-family homes. Given the scale, geographic dispersion and asset granularity necessary to successfully operate in the single-family rental sector, we believe our experience and established platform provide us with a meaningful competitive advantage.

 

   

Internally Managed Company with an Aligned Governance Structure . We believe that our internally managed structure aligns management and stockholder interests, avoiding the conflicts of interest and additional fees common in many externally managed companies . Additionally, we believe that we will achieve greater operational efficiencies and realize superior economies of scale as compared to externally managed companies, as our portfolio grows. By performing property management functions internally for our self-managed properties, we establish direct relationships with our tenants and have tighter control over the quality and the cost of restoration, ongoing tenant services and re-tenanting . In addition, we believe that we will benefit from the significant public REIT experience and other public company experience of our executive team and independent directors.

 

   

Scalable, Vertically Integrated Real Estate Acquisition and Management Platform . We have a scalable, institutional-quality real estate acquisition and management platform that we believe is one of the most established in the single-family rental sector. We believe our platform is critical to growing a high-volume acquisition business and achieving the national scale contemplated for our company. Our platform integrates proprietary processes and technology that support the functions necessary to grow and manage a large portfolio of single-family rental homes, including: property-sourcing research and analytics; property underwriting; property restoration evaluation, cost budgeting, workflow monitoring and quality control; prospective tenant credit underwriting; property leasing; and ongoing property management and tenant services.

 

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Portfolio of Scale in Markets with Attractive Investment Characteristics . We invest in markets that we believe possess attractive housing and rental fundamentals. As of March 31, 2013, we had purchased 2,531 homes in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have contracted to acquire 785 single-family homes for a total purchase price of approximately $84.5 million, of which 43 homes are in Arizona, 4 homes are in California, 66 homes are in Florida, 25 homes are in Georgia, 35 homes are in Illinois, 114 homes are in Indiana, 214 homes are in North Carolina, 9 homes are in South Carolina and 275 homes are in Texas. We actively evaluate new markets to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

   

Disciplined Investment Strategy and Key Strategic Relationships . We will seek to continue acquiring properties to create a substantial portfolio of appealing, affordable and well-managed single-family homes for rent. We focus on markets that we believe have strong near- and long-term supply and demand fundamentals for rental housing, and we focus on properties that we believe can be rented to qualified tenants at attractive yields. In addition, through our founders’ four years of “hands-on” experience in the single-family rental sector, we have a deep network of relationships with portfolio owner-operators across the country. Through these owner-operators, we have been able to source attractive portfolio acquisitions, and we believe they may provide us with additional attractive privately negotiated acquisition opportunities that in some cases may not be available to other market participants.

 

   

Demonstrated Ability to Access Institutional Debt and Equity Capital . We believe the ability to access and secure institutional capital is an increasingly important driver of success in the single-family rental sector, and our founders have demonstrated their ability to access and secure significant amounts of institutional debt and equity capital. For example, they secured for Phoenix Fund one of the first institutional asset-based debt financing facilities in the single-family rental sector, and we have obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. In addition, we have raised approximately $372.0 million in gross proceeds from diversified groups of institutional investors and others: approximately $223.9 million in gross proceeds in our initial private offering completed in May 2012, approximately $147.3 million in gross proceeds in our follow-on private offering completed in December 2012 and approximately $0.8 million in gross proceeds in a direct private placement completed in January 2013. We believe that our founders’ extensive capital-raising track record since 2009 and our senior officers’ strong institutional relationships will provide us access to significant amounts of capital, across a wide variety of sources and structures, and at attractive terms, to facilitate our growth.

 

   

Senior Management Team Depth and Experience . We believe the extensive single-family rental sector experience of our executive team coupled with their relationships and expertise in real estate, public and private capital markets, finance, information technology, systems development and operations will drive our business and growth. Both Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, have more than 30 years of experience originating, underwriting, financing, acquiring and managing various classes of commercial and residential real estate, as both intermediaries and principals, together completing more than $25 billion of commercial and residential real estate transactions. Mr. Schmitz was the Chief Investment Officer at Franchise Finance Corporation of America, or FFCA, then a publicly traded REIT and one of the nation’s largest provider of mortgage and sale- leaseback financing to the chain restaurant, convenience store and retail auto parts industries. As FFCA’s Chief Investment Officer, Mr. Schmitz was instrumental in developing and implementing the same type of high-volume, small-asset, process driven acquisition and management infrastructure

 

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that we use, overseeing more than $15 billion in transactions over 20 years, with annual originations in small ($1 million to $5 million) transactions growing to over $2.5 billion per year. Ms. Hawkes was President of U.S. Realty Advisors, a $3 billion real estate private equity firm from 2003 to 2007. Prior to joining U.S. Realty Advisors in 1995, Ms. Hawkes was an investment banker on Wall Street in the real estate and mortgage finance industries, including holding senior investment banking roles at Salomon Brothers Inc. and CS First Boston Corp. During her career, Ms. Hawkes has structured and negotiated over $16 billion of real estate acquisitions and securitized mortgage debt transactions for all property types, utilizing private equity, capital markets, financial institutions and institutional investors.

 

The other members of our management team possess extensive experience in various aspects of the real estate industry. Shant Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer, has over 17 years of experience, including experience as a chief financial officer and a senior executive of a publicly traded REIT. Andrew G. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, has over 22 years of experience, including senior management and legal roles at a publicly traded REIT, and has participated in the origination of several billion dollars in real estate and structured finance transactions. Lani B Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations, has spent over 17 years working on technology-oriented real estate solutions, particularly in the context of high-volume, small-asset business models.

 

Several members of our management team have worked together in the past. While at FFCA, Mr. Schmitz, Mr. Kent and Michelle D. Stewart, our Vice President, Transaction Management, worked together and conducted a large number of transactions with Ms. Hawkes while she was at U.S. Realty Advisors. Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter worked together at Hometown Commercial Capital, or Hometown, a commercial mortgage start-up that specialized in smaller balance commercial mortgage-backed securities, or CMBS, loan origination. Paul R. Ladd, III, our Vice President, National Field Operations and Quality Assurance, worked as a consultant for FFCA and with Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter at Hometown.

 

Our Business and Growth Strategies

 

Our primary objective is to be a leader in the creation and expansion of the single-family rental business as an institutional-quality asset class with national scale. We believe we can achieve this objective through the following strategies:

 

   

Active Property Management . We seek to ensure tenant satisfaction by providing high-quality service at our self-managed properties. Our internally managed and vertically integrated property management platform allows us to control all aspects of a rental home, including restoring a newly acquired home, actively supervising its leasing, maintaining property quality and opportunistically selling it when appropriate. Our founders have direct field experience with all aspects of the acquisition, restoration and management of single-family homes and provide “hands-on” oversight to all facets of our business. We believe that our ability to improve asset quality and tenant retention, increase our homes’ useful lives and decrease turnover costs is an important element of our business and is instrumental in driving stockholder returns.

 

   

Disciplined Acquisition Strategy and Expertise in Privately Negotiated Sourcing . We plan to continue acquiring high-quality, single-family homes in select submarkets that meet our disciplined market selection criteria, such as above-average median household incomes, well-regarded school districts and low crime levels. We believe these characteristics will attract creditworthy tenants, produce high rental rates and occupancy levels, help to generate long-term home price appreciation and provide our stockholders with attractive risk-adjusted returns.

 

We source acquisition opportunities through a variety of channels. We source individual property purchases through auction, short-sale, REO and traditional MLS processes. We source portfolios of leased and vacant properties through brokerages or directly from operators, investors or banks. Due to

 

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the depth of our industry knowledge, experience, relationships and position as a prominent industry operator, we believe we have access to investment opportunities that are “privately negotiated” and not available to other industry participants or capital providers.

 

In new markets, we sometimes acquire portfolios of leased properties from established and well-respected local operators who share our philosophy of intensive asset management and tenant service through our “preferred operator” program. In this program, we acquire portfolios of leased properties for which the operator retains day-to-day management responsibilities pursuant to a longer-term lease. In these arrangements, the operator is responsible for all property-related expenses and we receive payments from the operator that escalate over the term of the lease. As of March 31, 2013, 1,010 of our properties were leased to and managed by local operators through our preferred operator program.

 

   

Targeted Geographic Expansion . Our portfolio is diversified across several geographic markets, and we have properties under contract in several new markets. We continually monitor the markets in which we operate and evaluate new markets on an ongoing basis to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. Currently, we are evaluating markets in the following states for investment, each of which we believe meets our investment criteria: Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Oregon, Tennessee and Washington. We believe that our strategy to have and grow a geographically diverse investment portfolio provides us with the ability to expand our market presence where the supply and demand characteristics create the most compelling acquisition and rental opportunities. As further described under “Our Business and Investments—Investment Criteria for Market Selection,” we select our markets based a comprehensive set of investment criteria, including strength of rental demand and rates of job growth, population growth and unemployment.

 

   

Capitalize on an Industry Consolidation Opportunity . According to JBREC, as of February 2013, approximately 10.5% of the residential market was comprised of single-family rental housing, representing approximately 14.0 million homes. Historically, most of these single-family rental homes have been owned either by local “mom and pop” operators or, more recently, short-term, trade-oriented asset accumulators. Due to our extensive experience in the single-family rental sector and our vertically integrated, internally managed structure, together with the depth of our network of relationships and financial resources, we believe that we are well-positioned as an early-moving industry consolidator to capitalize on this opportunity.

 

   

Maintain Conservative Growth-Oriented Capital Structure . We believe that having a flexible and conservative capital structure provides us with an advantage over many of our competitors. We have obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. While we expect that debt will be an important component of our capital structure over time, we plan to maintain a conservative balance sheet to facilitate execution of our business strategy.

 

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Our Business Activities and Operations

 

Since we commenced investment activities in May 2012, we have acquired, restored, leased and operated a significant portfolio of single-family homes. As of March 31, 2013, we owned 2,531 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas.

 

States in Which We Own Single-Family Homes

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

LOGO

 

The following three tables present summary statistics of our single-family homes by MSA and metro division, as of March 31, 2013. The first table includes our entire portfolio of single-family homes. The second table includes only the single-family homes that we manage. The third table includes only the single-family homes that our preferred operators manage.

 

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Total Portfolio of Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Aggregate
Investment
    Average
Investment  Per
Home (1)
    Percent
Leased (2)
    Average
Age (years)
    Average Size
(square feet)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    1,045      $ 135,307,596      $ 129,481        83     17        1,694   

Chicago, IL

    304      $ 39,756,816      $ 130,779        100     57        1,396   

Inland Empire, CA

    209      $ 36,060,024      $ 172,536        70     15        1,914   

Winston-Salem, NC

    136      $ 15,733,024      $ 115,684        82     11        1,327   

Indianapolis, IN

    265      $ 14,194,815      $ 53,565        95     57        1,199   

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    78      $ 12,381,876      $ 158,742        86     11        2,141   

Atlanta, GA

    169      $ 11,923,660      $ 70,554        95     20        1,515   

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

    82      $ 9,597,854      $ 117,047        28     36        1,336   

Las Vegas, NV

    63      $ 6,465,244      $ 102,623        94     14        1,533   

Fort Myers, FL

    138      $ 6,347,448      $ 45,996        100     9        1,126   

Houston, TX

    24      $ 2,867,232      $ 119,468        100     7        1,808   

Raleigh-Cary, NC

    6      $ 1,181,004      $ 196,834            13        2,347   

Charlotte, NC-SC

    11      $ 1,120,097      $ 101,827        100     6        1,859   

Charleston, SC

    1      $ 136,520      $ 136,520            7        1,360   
 

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total / Weighted Average

    2,531      $ 293,073,210      $ 115,793        86     25        1,563   
 

 

 

   

 

 

         

 

(1)   For self-managed homes, represents average purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) plus average capital expenditures. For preferred operator program homes, represents purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) paid by us for the portfolio divided by the number of homes in the portfolio and does not include past, expected or budgeted general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment. The preferred operator is obligated to pay for all taxes, insurance, other expenses and capital expenditures (including significant capital improvements) required for the management, operation and maintenance of the properties. Accordingly, absent a default by the preferred operator under a long-term lease agreement with us, we expect to incur no expenses related to properties under our preferred operator program, other than general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment.
(2)   Includes both self-managed homes and preferred operator program homes. We classify homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased, because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants. This does not mean that 100% of the homes leased to preferred operators are occupied by residential sub-tenants. If a preferred operator is unable to lease a material portion of the homes it leases from us to residential sub-tenants, it may adversely affect such operator’s ability to pay rent to us under the lease. We are also eligible to receive percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes.

 

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Portfolio of Self-Managed Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

                                                    Leased Homes  

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Average
Purchase
Price Per
Home (1)
    Average
Capital
Expenditures
Per Home (2)
    Average
Investment
Per Home (3)
    Aggregate
Investment
    Percentage
Leased
    Average
Age
(years)
    Average
Size
(square
feet)
    Average
Monthly
Rent Per
Leased
Home
    Annual
Average
Rent per
Leased
Home as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per Leased
Home (4)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    887      $ 138,686      $ 1,804      $ 140,490      $ 124,614,630        80     11.2        1,775      $ 1,032        8.9

Inland Empire, CA

    209      $ 155,931      $ 16,605      $ 172,536      $ 36,060,024        70     15.4        1,914      $ 1,393        9.8

Winston-Salem, NC

    136      $ 115,619      $ 65      $ 115,684      $ 15,733,024        82     11.0        1,327      $ 1,076        11.3

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    78      $ 157,904      $ 838      $ 158,742      $ 12,381,876        86     11.3        2,141      $ 1,505        11.3

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

    82      $ 107,776      $ 9,271      $ 117,047      $ 9,597,854        28     35.6        1,336      $ 1,215        10.5

Las Vegas, NV

    50      $ 103,084      $ 9,012      $ 112,096      $ 5,604,800        92     6.7        1,620      $ 1,052        11.4

Houston, TX

    24      $ 119,372      $ 96      $ 119,468      $ 2,867,232        100     6.8        1,808      $ 1,213        12.2

Indianapolis, IN

    20      $ 101,500      $ 65      $ 101,565      $ 2,031,300        40     7.8        1,480      $ 1,047        13.4

Atlanta, GA

    28      $ 66,659      $ 2,174      $ 68,833      $ 1,927,324        68     26.0        1,429      $ 884        15.1

Raleigh-Cary, NC

    6      $ 196,536      $ 298      $ 196,834      $ 1,181,004            13.3        2,347      $ —         

Charleston, SC

    1      $ 136,455      $ 65      $ 136,520      $ 136,520            7.3        1,360      $ —         
 

 

 

         

 

 

           

Total /Weighted Average

    1,521      $ 135,249      $ 4,222      $ 139,471      $ 212,135,588        76     13.1        1,736      $ 1,115        9.6
 

 

 

         

 

 

           

 

(1)   Average purchase price includes broker commissions and closing costs.
(2)   Represents average capital expenditures per home as of March 31, 2013. Does not include additional expected or future capital expenditures.
(3)   Represents average purchase price plus average capital expenditures.
(4)   Represents annualized average monthly rent per leased home as a percentage of our average investment (average purchase price per home plus average capital expenditures) per leased home. Does not include a provision for payment of ongoing property expenses (such as insurance, taxes, HOA fees and maintenance) or an allocation of our general and administrative expense, all of which materially impact our results. Accordingly, it should not be interpreted as a measure of profitability, and its utility in evaluating our business is limited. Average monthly rent for leased homes may not be indicative of average rents we may achieve on our vacant homes.

 

Portfolio of Preferred Operator Program Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Average
Investment
Per

Home (1)
    Aggregate
Investment
    Percent
Leased (2)
    Average
Age
(years)
    Average
Size
(square
feet)
    Average
Monthly
Rent
Per Home
Paid by
Preferred
Operator
to Us (3)
    Annual
Rent as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per
Home (4)
 

Chicago, IL

    304      $ 130,779      $ 39,756,816        100     57        1,396      $ 781        7.2

Indianapolis, IN

    245      $ 49,647      $ 12,163,515        100     62        1,176      $ 372        9.0

Phoenix, AZ

    158      $ 67,677      $ 10,692,966        100     47        1,239      $ 451        8.0

Atlanta, GA

    141      $ 70,896      $ 9,996,336        100     19        1,532      $ 473        8.0

Fort Myers, FL

    138      $ 45,996      $ 6,347,448        100     9        1,126      $ 307        8.0

Charlotte, NC-SC

 

 

11

  

 

$

101,827

  

 

$

1,120,097

  

 

 

100

 

 

6

  

 

 

1,859

  

 

$

636

  

 

 

7.5

Las Vegas, NV

    13      $ 66,188      $ 860,444        100     42        1,198      $ 441        8.0
 

 

 

     

 

 

           

Total /Weighted Average

    1,010      $ 80,136      $ 80,937,622        100     44        1,303      $ 516        7.7
 

 

 

     

 

 

           

 

(1)  

Represents purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) paid by us for the portfolio divided by the number of homes in the portfolio and does not include past, expected or budgeted general and administrative

 

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  expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment. The preferred operator is obligated to pay for all taxes, insurance, other expenses and capital expenditures (including significant capital improvements) required for the management, operation and maintenance of the properties. Accordingly, absent a default by the preferred operator under a long-term lease agreement with us, we expect to incur no expenses related to properties under our preferred operator program, other than general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment.
(2)   We classify homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased, because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants. This does not mean that 100% of the homes leased to preferred operators are occupied by residential sub-tenants. If a preferred operator is unable to lease a material portion of the homes it leases from us to residential sub-tenants, it may adversely affect such operator’s ability to pay rent to us under the lease. We are also eligible to receive percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes.
(3)   Represents the initial annual base rent payable to us by the preferred operate pursuant to the portfolio lease divided by 12 and then divided by the number of homes included in the lease. Does not include percentage rents we are also eligible to receive in addition to base rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. The percentage rents we are eligible to receive fluctuate based on both the occupancy rates of the underlying homes and the rental rates paid by the residential sub-tenants.
(4)   Represents annualized average monthly rent paid by preferred operator to us as a percentage of our average investment per home.

 

The following charts present our homes as of March 31, 2013 by purchase price and by square footage.

 

LOGO    LOGO

 

Stabilized Properties

 

When we acquire a property that is not leased, we must possess, restore, market and lease the property before it becomes a revenue generating asset. We refer to this process as property stabilization. Based on our founders’ prior experience, we anticipate that, on average, the stabilization period for each non-leased property will range from 90 to 180 days, depending on factors such as the channel through which the property was acquired, the age and condition of the property and whether the property was vacant when we acquired it. Similarly, the time to market and lease a property is driven by local demand, our marketing techniques and the size of our available inventory. Consequently, we expect that most properties that were not leased at the time of acquisition should be stabilized within six months thereafter and that properties owned for more than six months provide the best indication of how our portfolio will perform over the long-term. As of March 31, 2013, we had owned 729 properties for six months or longer, 82% of which were leased (classifying 138 homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants).

 

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The following table presents summary statistics of our portfolio of self-managed single-family homes we owned for at least six months as of March 31, 2013.

 

Portfolio of Self-Managed Properties Owned for Six Months or Longer—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

                                              Leased Homes  

MSA / Metro Division

  Number
of Homes
    Average
Purchase
Price Per
Home (1)
    Average
Capital
Expenditure
Per Home (2)
    Average
Investment
Per
Home (3)
    Homes
Leased
    Homes
Vacant (4)
    Percentage
Leased
    Average
Monthly
Rent
Per
Leased
Home
    Annual
Average
Rent Per
Leased
Home as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per Leased
Home (5)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    327      $ 124,923      $ 2,007      $ 126,930        281        46        86   $ 979        9.4

Inland Empire, CA

    193      $ 158,136      $ 16,834      $ 174,970        136        57        71   $ 1,403        9.8

Las Vegas, NV

    34      $ 100,374      $ 8,100      $ 108,474        33        1        97   $ 1,019        11.3

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

    32      $ 102,837      $ 12,198      $ 115,035        6        26        19   $ 1,285        12.3

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    5      $ 173,024      $ 2,312      $ 175,336        5               100   $ 1,725        11.8
 

 

 

         

 

 

   

 

 

       

Total / Weighted Average

    591      $ 133,568      $ 7,754      $ 141,322        461        130        78   $ 1,119        9.7
 

 

 

         

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

(1)   Average purchase price includes broker commissions and closing costs.
(2)   Represents average capital expenditures per home as of March 31, 2013. Does not include additional expected or future capital expenditures.
(3)   Represents average purchase price plus average capital expenditures.
(4)   As of March 31, 2013, 87 homes were available for rent, 36 homes were undergoing renovation and seven homes had unauthorized occupants.
(5)   Represents annualized average monthly rent per leased home as a percentage of our average investment (average purchase price per home plus average capital expenditures) per leased home. Does not include a provision for payment of ongoing property expenses (such as insurance, taxes, HOA fees and maintenance) or an allocation of our general and administrative expense, all of which materially impact our results. Accordingly, it should not be interpreted as a measure of profitability, and its utility in evaluating our business is limited. Average monthly rent for leased homes may not be indicative of average rents we may achieve on our vacant homes.

 

Private Mortgage Portfolio

 

As a supplement to our primary business strategy of acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family homes, we also have a private mortgage financing strategy that generates attractive returns on invested capital and provides us access to acquisition opportunities and valuable market data. Private mortgage financings are generally secured by first mortgage liens on single-family homes and are generally structured as interest only notes with short-term balloon maturities. Proceeds from these loans generally are used to finance the acquisition of homes for short-term resale or to provide temporary financing to investors who intend to refinance their acquisition of homes with longer term bank financing. As of March 31, 2013, our private mortgage portfolio had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $25.3 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 12.1% per annum and a weighted-average remaining term of 146 days. We also owned an additional $1.2 million in long-term mortgage investments. To date, the properties securing the mortgage loans we have funded have been in Arizona, California and Nevada. Additionally, for the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we funded or committed to fund approximately $10.0 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will fund all of the loans that we have committed to fund.

 

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Acquisition Activity

 

We have aggressively grown our portfolio of single-family homes and our portfolio of private mortgage loans in a disciplined manner and intend to continue to do so. The following chart and table illustrate our monthly acquisition activity for the period from June 1, 2012 through March 31, 2013.

 

Acquisition Activity

(June 1, 2012 through March 31, 2013)

 

LOGO

 

Note:   Items marked “(LHS)” in graph above are measured against the left-hand-side vertical axis, and items marked “(RHS)” are measured against the right-hand-side vertical axis.

 

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Home Acquisitions By Month

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

     June
2012
     July
2012
     August
2012
     September
2012
     October
2012
     November
2012
     December
2012
     January
2013
     February
2013
     March
2013
     Total/
Weighted
Average (2)
 

Phoenix, AZ

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

     57         16         206         48         44         13         454         8         11         30         887   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                     77         42         22         5         12                 158   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $ 7,297       $ 2,649       $ 25,511       $ 6,049       $ 10,223       $ 4,503       $ 71,519       $ 1,349       $ 2,250       $ 3,958       $ 135,308   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

   $ 128.0       $ 165.6       $ 123.8       $ 126.0       $ 84.5       $ 81.9       $ 150.2       $ 103.8       $ 97.8       $ 131.9       $ 129.5   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

     1,386         1,972         1,682         1,893         1,310         1,338         1,854         1,436         1,373         1,900         1,694   

Chicago, IL

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                                       

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                     204                         100         304   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 27,576       $       $       $ 12,181       $ 39,757   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                   $ 135.2                       $ 121.8       $ 130.8   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                     1,379                         1,432         1,396   

Inland Empire, CA

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

     12         38         77         66         15         1                                         209   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $ 2,339       $ 6,979       $ 13,032       $ 11,419       $ 2,194       $ 97       $       $       $       $       $ 36,060   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

   $ 194.9       $ 183.7       $ 169.3       $ 173.0       $ 146.2       $ 96.9                                       $ 172.5   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

     2,089         1,999         1,846         1,971         1,696         1,285                                         1,914   

Winston-Salem, NC

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                     114         22         136   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 13,651       $ 2,082       $ 15,733   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                                   $ 119.7       $ 94.7       $ 115.7   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                                     1,306         1,434         1,327   

Indianapolis, IN

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                             20         20   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                             72         75         98         245   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 3,565       $ 3,616       $ 7,014       $ 14,195   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                           $ 49.5       $ 48.2       $ 59.4       $ 53.6   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                             1,103         1,142         1,295         1,199   

 

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     June
2012
     July
2012
     August
2012
     September
2012
     October
2012
     November
2012
     December
2012
     January
2013
     February
2013
     March
2013
     Total/
Weighted
Average (2)
 

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

             1         3         1         5         3         30         6         25         4         78   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $ 183       $ 551       $ 143       $ 841       $ 528       $ 3,828       $ 933       $ 4,783       $ 592       $ 12,382   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

           $ 182.9       $ 183.8       $ 142.5       $ 168.3       $ 176.0       $ 127.6       $ 155.5       $ 191.3       $ 148.0       $ 158.7   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

             1,937         2,334         1,761         2,333         2,878         1,978         2,053         2,256         1,978         2,141   

Atlanta, GA

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                             1         12         1         10         4         28   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                             14         46         39         8         34         141   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $ 996       $ 4,294       $ 2,435       $ 1,458       $ 2,741       $ 11,924   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                           $ 66.4       $ 74.0       $ 60.9       $ 81.0       $ 72.1       $ 70.6   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                             1,404         1,549         1,505         1,707         1,424         1,515   

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

             4         18         10         27         14         9                                 82   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $ 463       $ 2,116       $ 1,102       $ 3,147       $ 1,794       $ 976       $       $       $       $ 9,598   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

           $ 115.7       $ 117.5       $ 110.2       $ 116.6       $ 128.1       $ 108.4                               $ 117.0   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

             1,424         1,435         1,220         1,243         1,354         1,474                                 1,336   

Las Vegas, NV

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

     1         2         27         4         5         3         1         4         1         2         50   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                             4                         9                 13   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $ 139       $ 219       $ 2,902       $ 428       $ 641       $ 581       $ 110       $ 443       $ 734       $ 268       $ 6,465   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

   $ 139.4       $ 109.4       $ 107.5       $ 107.0       $ 128.1       $ 82.9       $ 110.3       $ 110.9       $ 73.4       $ 134.1       $ 102.6   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

     2,151         1,416         1,591         1,587         1,774         1,395         1,322         1,595         1,233         1,791         1,533   

Fort Myers, FL

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                                       

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                             138                                                         138   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $ 6,347       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 6,347   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                           $ 46.0                                                       $ 46.0   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                             1,126                                                         1,126   

 

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     June
2012
     July
2012
     August
2012
     September
2012
     October
2012
     November
2012
     December
2012
     January
2013
     February
2013
     March
2013
     Total/
Weighted
Average (2)
 

Houston, TX

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                             24         24   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 2,867       $ 2,867   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                                           $ 119.5       $ 119.5   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                                             1,808         1,808   

Raleigh-Cary, NC

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                             6         6   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 1,181       $ 1,181   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                                           $ 196.8       $ 196.8   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                                             2,347         2,347   

Charlotte, NC-SC

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                                       

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                             7                 4         11   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 756       $       $ 364       $ 1,120   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                           $ 108.0               $ 91.0       $ 101.8   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                             1,979                 1,650         1,859   

Charleston, SC

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                             1         1   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 136       $ 136   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                                           $ 136.5       $ 136.5   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                                             1,360         1,360   

TOTAL PORTFOLIO

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

     70         61         331         129         96         35         506         19         161         113         1,521   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                             138         77         60         272         123         104         236         1,010   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $ 9,775       $ 10,493       $ 44,112       $ 25,488       $ 17,046       $ 8,499       $ 108,303       $ 9,481       $ 26,492       $ 33,384         293,073   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

   $ 139.6       $ 172.0       $ 133.3       $ 95.5       $ 98.5       $ 89.4       $ 139.2       $ 66.8       $ 100.0       $ 95.7       $ 115.8   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

     1,517         1,934         1,705         1,485         1,376         1,403         1,706         1,344         1,380         1,477         1,563   

 

(1)   Represents purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) plus capital expenditures for self-managed homes plus the purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) paid by us for homes in the preferred operator program.
(2)   May not sum horizontally due to rounding.

 

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Our Investment Process

 

We have a scalable real estate acquisition and management platform that we believe is among the most advanced in the single-family rental sector. Our founders began developing our platform in 2008, and the platform has been expanded and refined based upon actual operating experience over the past four years. Our platform integrates proprietary processes and technology that support the functions necessary for the acquisition and management of single-family homes on an institutional scale. We use our proven technology to identify attractive markets and investments and to restore and manage our properties.

 

Investment Criteria for Market Selection

 

Our acquisition strategy is based upon extensive market research. Notwithstanding the large number of homeowners experiencing financial distress, not all regions of the country offer attractive investment opportunities. When identifying desirable markets, we focus on factors such as the magnitude of housing price declines, strength of rental demand and rates of job growth, population growth and unemployment. We use data from a variety of sources and evaluate macroeconomic and microeconomic inputs (including housing market, demographic and economic data). Within markets that meet our selection criteria, we seek to identify the submarkets, subdivisions and neighborhoods that offer the most attractive mix of housing prices, rental demand and rental rates, which are often characterized by good access to transportation networks and employment centers, good schools and low levels of crime.

 

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The following table provides housing, demographic and economic data for our primary markets.

 

    Phoenix,
AZ (9)
    Inland
Empire,
CA (10)
    Atlanta,
GA (11)
    Chicago,
IL (12)
    Indianapolis,
IN (13)
    Las
Vegas,
NV (14)
    Dallas-Fort
Worth,
TX (15)
    Houston,
TX (16)
    U.S.
Average
 

Housing Data

 

Total Housing Units (1)

    1,813,074        1,509,320        2,169,873        3,797,411        762,101        848,156        2,532,937        2,344,060        132,316,248   

Median SF Resale Home Price (Dec. 2012) (2)

  $ 163,000      $ 210,000      $ 101,536      $ 165,000      $ 131,123      $ 145,000      $ 179,100      $ 171,200      $ 180,300   

% Change in Home Price since Dec. 2011 (2)

    30.4     23.5     13.3     2.5     6.4     23.0     11.7     6.9     10.9

Total Market Value (3)

  $ 203 billion      $ 205 billion      $ 259 billion      $ 604 billion      $ 78 billion      $ 72 billion      $ 277 billion      $ 237 billion      $ 17 trillion   

Number of Homes Sold (4)

                 

2012

    110,823        70,731        84,788        85,572        31,057        55,049        85,627        87,649        5,027,000   

2011

    105,743        68,915        71,026        66,649        28,416        55,518        72,282        74,134        4,566,000   

2010

    97,333        74,644        75,426        67,420        28,097        52,334        72,008        72,589        4,513,000   

2009

    103,591        86,670        84,219        65,548        30,200        55,950        79,810        80,239        4,715,000   

Single- and Multi-Family Residential Rental Vacancy Rates Combined (Dec. 2012) (5)

    11.0     7.0     12.8     9.8     11.2     15.3     11.3     10.1     8.7

Median Gross Rent (1)

  $ 893      $ 1,076      $ 914      $ 928      $ 764      $ 957      $ 863      $ 849      $ 871   

% of Housing Units occupied by renters (1)

    37.4     35.7     35.7     34.5     33.8     46.4     38.9     38.4     35.4

Demographic and Economic Data

 

Population (Total MSA) (1)

    4,263,236        4,304,997        5,365,726        9,504,024        1,777,684        1,969,975        6,526,566        6,086,895        311,591,919   

Projected Population Growth (2013-2016) (6)

    2.6     1.2     1.9     0.4     1.9     3.0     2.1     1.9     1.0

Total Households (1)

    1,529,943        1,294,496        1,896,087        3,403,363        674,976        696,834        2,300,151        2,067,012        114,991,725   

Median Household Income (7)

  $ 52,663      $ 54,194      $ 56,145      $ 57,701      $ 50,915      $ 52,917      $ 60,942      $ 59,106      $ 50,502   

Unemployment Rate (Dec. 2012) (8)

    6.7     10.9     8.4     8.6     8.0     10.0     5.9     6.0     7.6

 

(1)   Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey.
(2)   Sources: Moody’s Analytics (Atlanta), Texas A&M Real Estate Center (Dallas metro division only; includes attached homes), DataQuick (Inland Empire, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Chicago metro division), National Association of Realtors (U.S. Average) (December 2012).
(3)   Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey.
(4)   Sources: DataQuick (Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth new home sales, Houston new home sales, Inland Empire, Indianapolis, Las Vegas, Phoenix), Texas A&M Real Estate Center (Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston existing home sales), National Association of Realtors, U.S. Census Bureau (U.S. Average).
(5)   Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing Vacancy Survey.
(6)   Sources: Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.
(7)   Source: Moody’s Analytics (October 2012).
(8)   Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S. Census MSAs.
(9)   U.S. Census MSAs: Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA.
(10)   U.S. Census MSAs: Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA.
(11)   U.S. Census MSAs: Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA. Home sales activity may have limited geographic coverage.
(12)   U.S. Census MSAs: Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL MSA. Home sales activity and median resale price shown for 7 of 8 counties in the Chicago metro division.
(13)   U.S. Census MSAs: Indianapolis-Carmel, IN MSA. Only existing home sales are shown. Home sales activity may have limited geographic coverage.
(14)   U.S. Census MSAs: Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA.
(15)   U.S. Census MSAs: Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA. Home sales activity includes new home sales for 7 of 12 counties in the combined Dallas and Fort Worth metro divisions.
(16)   U.S. Census MSAs: Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA. Home sales activity includes new home sales for 4 of the 10 counties in the MSA.

 

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Despite increases in the supply of rental housing, single-family rental vacancy rates have declined in several of our markets.

 

Rental Vacancy Rates for Certain Major Markets

(Single- and Multi-Family Residential Combined)

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

Acquisitions

 

Our proprietary acquisition model combines conservative acquisition criteria, multiple sourcing channels, rigorous screening and underwriting, and efficient closing processes.

 

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Conservative Acquisition Criteria

 

Our acquisition platform benefits from over four years of acquiring, renovating, leasing and managing single-family rental homes and rapidly accommodates adjustments to our acquisition strategies, underwriting criteria and processes to account for the latest information collected and institutional knowledge of our markets. Having significant presence in the markets in which we invest allows us to draw upon substantial institutional knowledge when identifying acquisition targets that we believe have the greatest potential for premium rental rates and long-term capital appreciation and allows us to quickly and efficiently evaluate potential acquisitions, regardless of the acquisition channel from which they were sourced.

 

Market Segment

 

•   Entry-level homes

•   Affordability metrics

Location

 

•   Proximity to employment centers, quality school systems and lifestyle amenities, such as shopping centers, healthcare facilities and parks

•   Access to transportation routes/public transit

•   In master planned communities with HOAs

•   Price reduction for “significant detriments to value” (e.g., presence of power lines and proximity to commercial sites or vacant lots)

Property Attributes

 

•   Square footage and structure (i.e., one versus two-story properties)

•   Lot size

•   Number of bedrooms and bathrooms (target 3 to 4 bedrooms)

•   Additional amenities (e.g., granite, tile, builder upgrades)

Construction

 

•   Prefer post-1990 construction with known builders

•   Favor homes built at height of “easy credit” cycle in 2004 to 2006, which often include desirable amenities and builder upgrades

•   Older homes with compelling economics and desirable locations

Property Condition

 

•   Generally target “restoration light” properties (e.g., paint, appliance replacement, deep cleaning, pruning and minor landscaping) and “restoration moderate” properties (e.g., carpet replacement and new air conditioner)

Pricing

 

•   Significant discount to replacement cost

•   Above median condition properties at or below median prices

 

Multiple Sourcing Channels

 

Auction Purchases . We acquire properties in auctions. Properties become available at auction when a lien holder forecloses on the lien. The property is then sold at auction, either by a court or trustee, in order to satisfy the debt owed to the lien holder. Auction processes vary significantly between jurisdictions driven by differences in state and local laws. The successful evaluation and purchase of properties at auction requires experience in evaluating the opportunity and the ability to be flexible and disciplined in the bidding process. Our significant presence in the markets in which we invest provides us with substantial institutional knowledge from which to draw upon when completing diligence and making investment decisions under the short-time frames required and permitted in the auction process. We have the added benefit of our ability to reference true “comparable” properties that we already own in numerous sub-divisions within our markets, often with numerous existing properties in the specific neighborhoods or sub-markets in which the acquisition targets are located.

 

Broker Purchases, Including REO and Short Sales . We acquire properties through direct contracts with various property owners. Most of the single property purchases made outside of the auction channel involve sales of REO property or short sales listed through a broker or a local MLS. REO refers to real estate owned by financial institutions or GSEs that they acquired by foreclosing on a mortgage or deed of trust and successfully bidding for the property at the ensuing foreclosure auction. Short sales refer to properties sold by the homeowner for an amount less than the amount owed to lenders with a lien on the property. Because the purchase price will not satisfy the amounts owed, short sales require lender consent. We regularly assess a significant number of listed properties and make offers on many such properties, which requires a substantial amount of experience and infrastructure and is fully supported by our proprietary technology.

 

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Portfolio Purchases . We acquire properties via portfolio purchases sourced from our network of relationships, which include financial institutions and other property owners, and through our “preferred operator program.” We acquire from other property owners (typically smaller investors or aggregators) portfolios of single-family rental homes ranging in size from several homes to several hundred homes. Generally, homes acquired in a portfolio purchase were aggregated by the seller over the last few years via auction, REO or short sale, were partially or fully renovated shortly after their acquisition by the seller and were subsequently leased to tenants. At the time we acquire them, portfolio purchases are generally 70% to 85% leased to existing tenants under short-term leases that typically have original terms of approximately one year. We believe portfolio acquisitions provide us with an efficient means to acquire larger numbers of properties that require less near-term restoration to prepare the homes for lease to tenants, and to the extent they are already leased, provide an in-place rental stream to ease the integration of the acquired assets into our operating platform. In markets where we already own homes, we believe our experience allows us to evaluate and acquire portfolios more quickly and accurately than competitors with less operational experience. From March 30, 2012 (inception) through March 31, 2013, we purchased 64 portfolios having an aggregate of 2,106 single-family homes.

 

Through our preferred operator program, we acquire portfolios from established and well-respected operators who share our philosophy of intensive asset management and tenant service. In this program, we acquire portfolios of leased properties for which the operator retains day-to-day management responsibilities pursuant to a lease. In these arrangements, the operator is responsible for all property expenses and we receive payments from the operator that escalate over the term of the agreement. We believe this structure incentivizes our preferred operators to operate an efficient and well maintained portfolio. At the same time, the structure offers us a cost-effective way to enter new markets in scale with minimal incremental overhead expense and the opportunity to earn attractive returns on our capital. Due to our founders’ tenure and reputation in the industry, we believe that we will have access to numerous operators and may be able to acquire portfolios in privately negotiated transactions that will not be available to others. When structuring preferred operator transactions, we look for portfolios that meet our underwriting standards, as well as operators who share our operating philosophy.

 

Under the preferred operator program leases, we earn a fixed annual base rent paid monthly, with contractual minimum annual rent increases on each anniversary of the lease commencement date. The initial annual base rent is established as a percentage of the acquisition price for the underlying homes. We also earn percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. The percentage rents we earn fluctuate based on both the occupancy rates of the underlying homes and the rental rates paid by the residential sub-tenants. The preferred operator is obligated to pay for all taxes, insurance, other expenses and capital expenditures (including significant capital improvements) required for the management, operation and maintenance of the properties. Accordingly, absent a default by the preferred operator under a long-term lease agreement with us, we expect to incur no expenses related to properties under our preferred operator program, other than general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment. We are obligated to pay the preferred operator, as a lease termination payment, a portion of the net proceeds in excess of our initial purchase price if we sell a property that it operates during the lease term. We are under no obligation to sell any properties during the lease term. We believe the preferred operator program motivates the preferred operators to operate the properties efficiently because incremental profit generated from property operations inures to their benefit under the lease agreements on a current basis, while the potential for sharing a portion of the gain upon sale of a property provides incentives to maintain the properties over the long-term.

 

Rigorous Screening and Underwriting

 

We have developed screening processes that we use to regularly evaluate large amounts of data relating to our markets, such as pricing trends and rental rates. These screening processes allow us to identify attractive opportunities within our multiple sourcing channels. Preliminary screening results are analyzed to determine where site visits are warranted for REO properties. In contrast, site visits for short-sale properties are conducted

 

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only after offers are accepted by the sellers and approved by lenders. For auction properties, we evaluate drive-by reports with photos before the auction. After satisfying our initial criteria, we analyze the “rent-to-improved cost” ratio (defined as the expected annual rent as a percentage of the property’s purchase price plus expected broker commissions, closing costs and restoration costs). We draw from various resources, including local MLS services, third-party brokerage relationships, paid information service listings and Internet searches, but most importantly from our substantial presence in the markets in which we invest, which gives us a unique view of achievable rents on a portfolio of existing single-family rental homes that we believe is broader than those of most of our competitors. Finally, individual properties are typically physically inspected before closing. When making a portfolio acquisition, we physically inspect a sampling of the properties before closing, with the size of the sampling determined on a case-by-case basis depending on various factors, such as quality attributes of the portfolio’s constituents.

 

Efficient Closing Processes

 

We have developed streamlined closing procedures that allow us to efficiently consummate large numbers of acquisitions. Upon acquisition, all properties are inspected to record their physical condition, and, where appropriate, our restoration team generates a work plan specifying the required level of restoration.

 

Restoration

 

Once an offer to purchase a property is accepted, a detailed assessment is completed with an on-site review to identify the scope of desired restoration. Beyond customary restoration, we identify improvements that we believe will optimize the property’s overall appeal and ability to generate premium rents. We will complete such improvements when we believe we can generate an appropriate return on our invested capital. As of March 31, 2013, our average restoration costs per property in Arizona, California and Nevada were $6,133, $14,222 and $11,606, respectively. We have performed an insufficient number of restorations in our other markets for our average restoration costs in those markets to be meaningful. Detailed work plans are distributed electronically to our restoration team, which solicits bids and establishes sequential work schedules, so that restoration can begin as soon as possible after closing in an effort to minimize the amount of time before a property can be rented and begin producing revenue. We oversee all restorations, including reviewing bids, managing the restoration process and maintaining quality control oversight. We have established relationships with many home improvement professionals, including contractors, electricians, plumbers, painters, HVAC specialists, locksmiths, carpet installers, landscapers and cleaning companies. Due to our scale, we have been able to negotiate discounted pricing in local markets with various suppliers of appliances, floor coverings, kitchen cabinetry, window treatments, replacement windows, lighting fixtures and plumbing supplies, among other items. Additionally, we are often able to negotiate discounted pricing with various home improvement professionals. We continuously seek to reduce costs, while we also constantly evaluate vendors and suppliers to ensure they are providing high-quality workmanship and materials.

 

Leasing

 

We establish rental rates based on local market conditions. Factors considered when establishing rents include, prevailing rental rates for comparable properties, weighing factors such as the size of the home, neighborhood characteristics and proximity to lifestyle amenities, such as schools, medical facilities and transportation. We use local leasing agents who interface with potential tenants and our internal leasing staff. Properties are marketed using a variety of methodologies, including yard signage, MLS and Internet-based marketing strategies.

 

Our leases with residential tenants are typically written with a term of one year, using standardized leases appropriate for each jurisdiction, and generally contain customary provisions applicable to that market. Security deposits for repair of the property and other customary conditions are typically required. We also enter into

 

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longer-term leases with preferred operators whom we believe share our operating philosophy and commitment to quality management. Under these arrangements, which typically have a term of five to ten years, the operator is responsible for all property-level expenses, including taxes, insurance, maintenance and other similar expenses.

 

The following four tables present: (i) for our portfolio of homes owned as of December 31, 2012, the leasing status of those homes as of the date of their purchase by us and as of December 31, 2012; and (ii) for our portfolio of homes owned as of March 31, 2013, the leasing status of those homes as of the date of their purchase by us and as of March 31, 2013. The four charts present that same information in graphical form.

 

Leasing Status at Purchase

   

Leasing Status at December 31, 2012

 

Home Status

   Number
of
Homes
     Percentage
of Homes
   

Home Status

   Number
of
Homes
     Percentage
of Homes
 

Leased—Self Managed

     653         37  

Leased—Self Managed

     803         45

Leased—Preferred Operator Program (1)

     547         31  

Leased—Preferred Operator Program (1)

     547         31

Vacant

     575         32  

Ready-for-Lease (2)

     272         16
  

 

 

    

 

 

         

Total

     1,775         100  

Under Restoration (3)

     112         6
  

 

 

    

 

 

         
       

Occupied—No Lease (4)

     41         2
          

 

 

    

 

 

 
        Total      1,775         100
          

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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68% Leased   

76% Leased

 

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Leasing Status at Purchase

   

Leasing Status at March 31, 2013

 

Home Status

   Number
of
Homes
     Percentage
of Homes
   

Home Status

   Number
of
Homes
     Percentage
of Homes
 

Leased—Self Managed

     859         34  

Leased—Self Managed

     1,156         46

Leased—Preferred Operator Program (1)

     1,010         40  

Leased—Preferred Operator Program (1)

     1,010         40

Vacant

     662         26  

Ready-for-Lease (2)

     249         10
  

 

 

    

 

 

         

Total

     2,531         100  

Under Restoration (3)

     107         4
  

 

 

    

 

 

         
       

Occupied—No Lease (4)

     9        
          

 

 

    

 

 

 
        Total      2,531         100
          

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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74% Leased   

86% Leased

 

(1)   We classify homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased, because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants. This does not mean that 100% of the homes leased to preferred operators are occupied by residential sub-tenants. If a preferred operator is unable to lease a material portion of the homes it leases from us to residential sub-tenants, it may adversely affect such operator’s ability to pay rent to us under the lease. We are also eligible to receive percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes.
(2)   Homes that have been restored and are available for lease.
(3)   Homes undergoing restoration.
(4)   Homes that are wrongfully occupied by a non-rent paying occupant.

 

Rigorous tenant underwriting is critical in our effort to lease our self-managed properties to creditworthy tenants that we believe are likely to maintain their residence and be good neighbors. We evaluate prospective tenants based on guidelines established by our founders and review financial data and metrics, such as household income, tenure at current job, rent as a percentage of household income and income-to-rent ratio. We also review non-financial factors, such as household size, number of children and rental history. In addition, when underwriting prospective tenants, we typically conduct a tenant credit check and criminal background checks for all proposed occupants over the age of 18. We rely on information submitted by prospective tenants in rental applications to evaluate household income. We also seek tenants with household income that exceeds the median household income of the market in which the property is located.

 

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The following table presents certain aggregate financial and demographic characteristics of our tenants, as of December 31, 2012.

 

Tenant Profile at Self-Managed Properties Based on Rental Applications (1)

(As of December 31, 2012)

 

Tenant Profile

   Dallas-Fort
Worth, TX
     Inland
Empire,  CA
     Las
Vegas,  NV
     Phoenix,
AZ
     Average  

Average Household Income of Portfolio Tenants (2)

   $ 105,360       $ 78,074       $ 59,643       $ 63,938       $ 69,960   

Median Household Income of Portfolio Tenants (2)

   $ 111,600       $ 68,250       $ 53,400       $ 60,000       $ 60,000   

Median Household Income of Market (3)

   $ 60,845       $ 54,932       $ 53,441       $ 52,968       $ 55,547   

Average Years at Current Job (2)

     6.5         6.0         5.6         3.7         5.3   

Average Monthly Rent

   $ 1,730       $ 1,391       $ 1,047       $ 1,133       $ 1,231   

Median Home Price in Market (4)

   $ 163,000       $ 183,000       $ 130,700       $ 148,400       $ 158,900   

Rent as % of Household Income (5)

     19.7%         21.4%         21.1%         21.3%         21.1%   

Income to Rent Ratio (6)

     5.08         4.68         4.75         4.70         4.74   

Percentage of Households with Children (2)

     60%         76%         63%         50%         66%   

Median Number of Children (2)

     2         2         2         1         2   

Percentage of Households with Pets (2)

     50%         59%         25%         54%         45%   

 

(1)   Excludes properties that are either leased to third-party operators in our preferred operator program or properties that were acquired through a portfolio transaction for which we were not able to obtain such information.
(2)   Based upon information furnished to us by tenants in their rental applications at the time we initially entered into leases with them. Tenant information may, and often does, change after submission of a leasing application, and we do not obtain updated information from tenants. While we believe our tenant underwriting processes are robust, we cannot and do not verify all information contained in rental applications. No assurance can be given as to the accuracy of the information, including information regarding income, supplied to us by our tenants. Accordingly, while our management regularly evaluates the overall average credit characteristics of our portfolio based on these metrics, because of their inherent limitations, you should not place undue reliance on them. See “Risk Factors—We rely on information supplied by prospective tenants in managing our business.”
(3)   Sources: Moody’s Analytics (October 2012), 2011 American Community Survey.
(4)   Source: JBREC.
(5)   Equals monthly rent specified in the lease as a percentage of monthly household income as reported by tenant in its initial lease application.
(6)   Equals annual household income as reported by tenant in its initial lease application divided by annual rent specified in a signed lease.

 

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Our Property Management Process

 

We have the infrastructure, systems and personnel to provide the continuum of property management services, including securing a property upon acquisition, coordinating with utility companies, controlling the restoration process, managing the leasing process, communicating with tenants, collecting rents, conducting periodic inspections, managing routine property maintenance and repair, paying sales taxes and HOA fees and interfacing with vendors and contractors.

 

We currently own properties in ten states, and we have a total of approximately 29 employees (26 in Arizona, one in Illinois, one in Maine and one in Texas) who perform property management functions. We are directing several hundred restoration and re-tenancy projects, supervising the efforts of general contractors and sub-contractors nationwide and managing HOA memberships and utility services of all of our self-managed properties. The following functions are performed internally by our employees with respect to our self-managed properties: communicate with and receive all general inquiries and maintenance requests from our tenants; coordinate, supervise, approve and monitor completion of required work with third-party vendors, including but not limited to electricians, general contractors, HVAC technicians, landscaping professionals and plumbers; coordinate and supervise periodic property inspections performed by a combination of internal employees and service providers; coordinate, bid, award, supervise, monitor and inspect restoration and re-tenancy projects performed by third party general contractors; establish and cancel utility services upon lease commencement or lease expiration; communicate, monitor, coordinate and comply with all HOAs of which we are a member. By performing these functions internally with respect to our self-managed portfolio, we believe that we establish improved communications, foster direct relationships with tenants and gain tighter control over the quality and cost of restorations and property maintenance. In addition, we believe that our bottom-line focus will allow us to provide property management services for our self-managed portfolio more efficiently than other market participants who may contract with third parties on a fee-for-services approach.

 

Additionally, our tenants can make maintenance requests on a 24-hour basis through our website or emergency telephone hotline, both of which are administered and managed from our headquarters office. Upon receiving a maintenance request, our maintenance personnel and systems quickly identify an appropriate service provider from our network of vendor relationships and dispatch repair personnel to the home. We continually strive to exceed our tenants’ expectations with respect to maintenance and service in an effort to retain tenants and maintain the value of our properties.

 

Technology and Systems

 

We believe that robust information technology is essential to efficiently acquire and manage a large-scale portfolio of single-family rental homes. We have a scalable real estate acquisition and management platform, which our founders began developing in 2008 and have been expanding and refining over the past four years, that we believe is among the most advanced in the single-family rental sector. This technology is critical to expanding our business, seeking to maximize revenues and minimize expenses and achieving economies of scale. Our systems are designed to enable us to gather and evaluate large amounts of housing, demographic and economic data to support our ongoing acquisition activities. We are able to quickly evaluate opportunities presented through our various acquisition channels and adjust to rapidly changing market conditions. Additionally, the economic and market data captured by our systems allow us to evaluate potential mortgage investments as a supplement to our home acquisition activities as a means of seeking enhanced current return. Our systems also accumulate and analyze data at the individual property and portfolio levels. We capture, update and monitor economic and physical information about a property throughout the period of our ownership and management. This allows us to efficiently develop a restoration program, negotiate with and engage third-party vendors and service providers, market and lease our properties and monitor the value, market position and physical condition of our properties on an ongoing basis.

 

Technology is also essential to enhance tenant satisfaction, which we believe is an important means of reducing tenant turnover. In addition to offering 24-hour maintenance requests by telephone or through our website, we offer our tenants convenient ways to pay rent, including electronically.

 

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Management of Phoenix Fund

 

As of March 31, 2013, we managed 608 properties for Phoenix Fund, a fully committed private investment fund formed by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes in 2010 to invest opportunistically in single-family homes as rental properties. From the completion of our initial private offering through February 11, 2013, our TRS managed the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a sub-management agreement with ARM. Since February 11, 2013, our TRS has managed the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a management agreement with Phoenix Fund. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

 

Operating Performance of Phoenix Fund Properties Owned by Phoenix Fund for At Least Six Months As of January 1, 2012

 

This section presents certain historical operating data of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties (as defined below). Phoenix Fund is a Delaware limited partnership that was formed by our founders, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes. Our structure and investment strategy are different from those of Phoenix Fund, and our performance will depend on factors that may not affect the performance of Phoenix Fund. In addition, our geographic footprint is much broader than that of Phoenix Fund. Although both we and Phoenix Fund own properties located in the Phoenix, Arizona and Las Vegas, Nevada markets, we also own properties located in a variety of other markets in which Phoenix Fund does not own properties. As a result, our financial performance and returns will differ from those of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties and Phoenix Fund as a whole. An investment in our common stock is not an investment in Phoenix Fund, and investors should not assume that they will experience returns, if any, that are comparable to those experienced by investors in Phoenix Fund.

 

Phoenix Fund was formed in October 2009 and began operations in February 2010. It was formed to acquire and invest in single-family residential properties as rental properties in and around the Phoenix, Arizona and Las Vegas, Nevada metropolitan areas. Phoenix Fund’s investment objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for its investors through a combination of home price appreciation in the single-family homes it owns and operates as rental properties and, to a lesser extent, distributions. From its inception through December 31, 2012, Phoenix Fund received approximately $43.5 million in capital contributions from approximately 66 investors. As of January 1, 2012, Phoenix Fund owned 348 homes, 226 of which it owned for at least six months. We refer to these 226 homes as the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties. As of December 31, 2012, Phoenix Fund was fully committed and had invested approximately $73.1 million in a portfolio of 605 single-family homes, including the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties.

 

Upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, our TRS began managing the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a sub-management agreement with ARM. In February 2013, our TRS began managing the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a management agreement with Phoenix Fund.

 

Information regarding the operating performance of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties is set forth below. Our results will differ from those of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties and Phoenix Fund as a whole. Our results will depend on a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our control or are difficult to predict, including without limitation, changes in housing market conditions, differences in the market characteristics of markets in which we invest but where Phoenix Fund has not invested, changes in the residential mortgage industry and macroeconomic conditions. You should not assume that the performance of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties or Phoenix Fund will be indicative of our performance. In considering the performance information related to Phoenix Fund set forth below, potential investors should bear in mind that the information presented is a reflection of past performance and is not a guarantee or prediction of the returns that either we or Phoenix Fund may achieve in the future.

 

When a property that is not leased is acquired, it must be possessed, restored, marketed and leased for it to become a revenue generating asset. We refer to this process as property stabilization. We believe that the stabilization period for properties acquired that are not leased at acquisition generally ranges from 90 to

 

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180 days, depending on factors such as the channel through which the property is acquired, the age and condition of the property and whether the property is vacant at acquisition. Similarly, the time to market and lease each property is driven by local demand, marketing techniques and the size of available inventory. Accordingly, we regard properties that have been owned for at least six months, whether or not they have actually been leased during that time, as providing the best indication of how properties will perform as a portfolio over the long run and, consequently, as the properties that are most comparable over time.

 

The table below shows combined operating data for the 226 homes that Phoenix Fund acquired from February 10, 2010 (commencement of operations) through June 30, 2011, or the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties, for the year ended December 31, 2012. The table presents the combined financial information for the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties and shows their performance over an entire year after having been owned by Phoenix Fund for at least six months.

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31, 2012
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Revenues:

  

Rental revenue

   $ 2,996   

Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     495   

Real estate taxes

     313   

Property management fees

     180   

Homeowners’ association fees

     161   

Other (1)

     149   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     1,298   
  

 

 

 

Revenues in excess of certain expenses

   $ 1,698   
  

 

 

 

 

(1)   Includes external lease commissions and bad debt expense.

 

We believe the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties provide investors with a more reliable view of the operating performance of single-family homes as rental properties over time, because all of these homes were acquired vacant, possessed, renovated and leased as of or prior to December 31, 2011 and were owned for all of 2012. Some of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties were in their second or third lease-renewal periods during 2012. The Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties do not include 379 homes owned by Phoenix Fund as of December 31, 2012, including 122 homes acquired from July 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 and 257 homes acquired during 2012. We believe the inclusion of these homes would not be meaningful, as none of these homes had been owned for at least six months before January 1, 2012.

 

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The following table presents certain additional operating data for the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties for the year ended December 31, 2012 that we believe provides investors a clearer understanding of the operating performance of a portfolio of single-family rental homes that has been owned for at least six months as of the beginning of 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31, 2012
 

Operating Data for the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties:

  

Number of Homes

     226   

Percentage Leased – December 31, 2011

     92

Percentage Leased – December 31, 2012

     94

Homes Leased – December 31, 2011

     208   

Homes Leased – December 31, 2012

     212   

Contractual Lease Expirations in 2012

     183   

Lease Turnover in 2012 (1)

     58   

2012 Re-Tenancy Costs Expensed (2)

   $ 252,075   

2012 Improvement Costs Capitalized (3)

   $ 149,730   

Average Monthly Rent Per Leased Home

   $ 1,149   

Annual Average Rent Per Leased Home as a Percentage of Average Investment Per Leased Home (4)

     11.7

 

(1)   Represents the number of homes that were leased at December 31, 2011 and were vacated upon lease expiration in 2012.
(2)   Represents costs expensed to prepare Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties for lease to new tenants after existing tenants vacate at lease expiration, which is included in property operating and maintenance expense in the table of combined financial information for the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties. Amounts exclude leasing commissions paid to external leasing agents of approximately $69,000 for the year ended December 31, 2012 to secure new tenants, which is included in other expense in the table of combined financial information for the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties.
(3)   Represents costs incurred to improve the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties that were capitalized for the year ended December 31, 2012. Such costs include both capital expenditures to prepare Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties for lease to new tenants as well other recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures.
(4)   Represents annualized average monthly rent per leased home as a percentage of average investment (average purchase price per home plus average capital expenditures) per leased home. Does not include a provision for payment of ongoing property expenses (such as insurance, taxes, HOA fees, property management fees and maintenance) or an allocation of general and administrative expenses of Phoenix Fund, all of which materially impact the results of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties. Accordingly, it should not be interpreted as a measure of profitability, and its utility in evaluating the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties is limited. Average monthly rent for stabilized homes may not be indicative of average rents which may be achieved on homes that are currently vacant or that have not yet stabilized.

 

Our Financing Strategy

 

As of March 31, 2013, all of our assets were purchased with cash on hand and borrowings of approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility. In the future, we expect to prudently finance our operations, in part, with borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility and with various other types of indebtedness. In January 2013, we obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility is secured by our ownership interest in American Residential Leasing Company, LLC,

 

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which is a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. In addition to customary affirmative and negative covenants, the credit agreement requires us to comply with various financial covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a minimum tangible net worth and a minimum liquidity amount. As of March 31, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $46.0 million, and approximately $31.3 million outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

 

Competition

 

We face competition from different sources in each of our two primary activities: acquiring properties and renting our properties. We believe our primary competitors in acquiring our target properties through individual acquisitions are individual investors, small private investment partnerships looking for one-off acquisitions of investment properties that can either be rented or restored and sold, and larger investors, including private equity funds and other REITs, that are seeking to capitalize on the same market opportunity that we have identified. Our primary competitors in acquiring portfolios are private equity investors, other REITs and sizeable institutional investors. These same competitors may also compete with us for tenants. Competition may increase the prices for properties that we would like to purchase, reduce the amount of rent we may charge at our properties, reduce the occupancy of our portfolio and adversely impact our ability to achieve attractive yields. However, we believe that our well-developed vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform, local presence and market knowledge in markets that meet our selection criteria provide us with competitive advantages.

 

Risk Management

 

We face various forms of risk in our business ranging from broad economic, housing market and interest rate risks, to more specific factors, such as credit risk related to our tenants, re-leasing of properties and competition for properties. We believe that the housing market and credit risk expertise developed by our management team will allow us to navigate these risks. Credit research and developing sophisticated analytical tools to help us manage various risks that we face in our business has been a focus of our company since May 2012, when we commenced investment activities, and for our founders since 2008, when they began developing the platform we acquired from ARM.

 

Insurance

 

We carry liability and property insurance covering most of the properties in our portfolio under a blanket insurance policy. All of our properties are covered by liability and property insurance, either carried by us or by preferred operators under longer-term arrangements with the operators. We believe the policy specifications and insured limits are appropriate and adequate for our properties given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice; however, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all losses we may sustain. In addition, there are certain types of extraordinary losses, such as losses from terrorism and earthquakes, for which we do not have insurance. We specifically review those areas that are at a higher risk of potential loss from natural catastrophes as part of our initial property acquisition criteria. We will continue to monitor third-party earthquake insurance pricing and conditions for our properties located in earthquake prone areas and may consider obtaining third-party coverage if it is cost-effective. We obtain title insurance policies for all properties at the time we purchase such properties, except, in the case of auction properties, where policies are not available at the time of purchase and accordingly are obtained subsequent to such purchases.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

We are not involved in any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us.

 

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Regulation

 

General

 

Our properties are subject to various covenants, laws and ordinances and certain of our properties are also subject to the rules of the various HOAs where such properties are located. We believe that we are in compliance with such covenants, laws, ordinances and rules, and we also require that our tenants agree to comply with such covenants, laws, ordinances and rules in their leases with us.

 

Fair Housing Act

 

The Fair Housing Act, or FHA, its state law counterparts and the regulations promulgated by HUD and various state agencies, prohibit discrimination in housing on the basis of race or color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status (including children under the age of 18 living with parents or legal custodians, pregnant women and people securing custody of children under the age of 18), handicap or, in some states, financial capability. We believe that our properties are in substantial compliance with the FHA and other regulations.

 

Environmental Matters

 

As a current or prior owner of real estate, we are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws, regulations and ordinances, and we could be liable to third parties as a result of environmental contamination or noncompliance at our properties, even if we no longer own such properties. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry Generally—Contingent or unknown liabilities could adversely affect our financial condition.”

 

REIT Qualification

 

We intend to elect to qualify as a REIT commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, various complex requirements under the Code relating to, among other things, the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that fall within specified categories, the diversity of our capital stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. We believe that we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and that our intended manner of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.

 

So long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our REIT taxable income that we distribute currently to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates and may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year during which we fail to qualify as a REIT. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income or property. In addition, our TRS will be subject to federal, state and local taxes on its income or property.

 

Investment Company Act of 1940

 

We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we nor any of our subsidiaries are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act.

 

Employees

 

As of the date of this prospectus, we had 47 employees. We do not expect any of our employees to be covered by a collective bargaining agreement.

 

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INVESTMENT POLICIES AND POLICIES WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN ACTIVITIES

 

The following is a discussion of our investment policies and our policies with respect to certain other activities, including financing matters and conflicts of interest. These policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval. Any change to any of these policies by our Board of Directors, however, would be made only after a thorough review and analysis of that change, in light of then-existing business and other circumstances, and then only if, in the exercise of its business judgment, our Board of Directors believes that it is advisable to do so in our and our stockholders’ best interests. We intend to disclose any changes in our investment policies in periodic reports that we file or furnish under the Exchange Act. We cannot assure you that our investment objective will be attained.

 

Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate

 

We conduct substantially all of our investment activities through our operating partnership and its subsidiaries. We invest principally in single-family homes and other assets related to the single-family housing sector in select markets in the United States that we believe exhibit housing, economic, demographic, employment and other characteristics that make investments in single-family homes as investment properties for rental attractive.

 

We will conduct our investment activities in a manner that is consistent with the requirements applicable to REITs for federal income tax purposes. We pursue our investment objective through the ownership by our operating partnership of our assets, but we may also make equity investments in other entities, including joint ventures that own portfolios of properties. Our management team identifies and negotiates acquisition and other investment opportunities, subject to the oversight of our Board of Directors.

 

We may enter into joint ventures from time to time, if we determine that doing so would be the most cost-effective and efficient means of raising capital. Equity investments may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or such financing or indebtedness may be incurred in connection with acquiring investments. Any such financing or indebtedness will have priority over our equity interest in such property. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be treated as an investment company under the 1940 Act.

 

We do not have a specific policy to acquire assets primarily for capital gain or primarily for income, although we generally target properties that we believe will generate income in the near term. From time to time, we may make investments that do not generate current cash flow. We believe investments that do not generate current cash flow may be, in certain instances, consistent with achieving sustainable long-term growth for our stockholders.

 

No limits have been set on the concentration of our investments in any one geographic location or property type. We currently anticipate that our real estate investments will continue to be concentrated in single-family homes and other assets related to the single-family housing sector. We anticipate that, over time, our real estate investments will become more diversified in terms of geographic market, but we expect our assets to be concentrated in certain markets that exhibit the characteristics that support our business and investment strategy.

 

Investments in Real Estate Mortgages

 

While we emphasize equity real estate investments in single-family homes, we may selectively acquire or fund loans secured by single-family homes or entities that own portfolios of single-family homes to the extent that those investments are consistent with our qualification as a REIT. The mortgages in which we may invest will generally be first-lien mortgages secured by residential properties. Investments in real estate mortgages are subject to the risk that one or more borrowers may default and that the collateral securing mortgages may not be sufficient to recover our full investment.

 

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Investments in Securities or Interests in Entities Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities and Investments in Other Securities

 

Although we do not have any current intention to invest in investment securities, other than in interest-bearing, short-term, investment-grade securities or money market accounts on a temporary basis pending the deployment of offering proceeds, we may, subject to the gross income and asset requirements required to qualify as a REIT, acquire partnership interests or other equity interests in joint venture entities through which we make some of our investments in our target assets.

 

Purchase and Sale of Investments

 

We expect to invest in our properties primarily for generation of current income and long-term capital appreciation. Although we do not currently intend to sell our properties, we may deliberately and strategically dispose of assets in the future and redeploy funds into new acquisitions and development opportunities that align with our strategic objectives.

 

Lending Policies

 

We do not have a policy limiting our ability to make loans to other persons, although our ability to do so may be limited by applicable law, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We may make loans to unaffiliated third parties. For example, we may consider offering purchase money financing in connection with the disposition of assets in instances where the provision of that financing would increase the value to be received by us for the asset sold.

 

Issuance of Additional Securities

 

If our Board of Directors determines that obtaining additional capital would be advantageous to us, we may, without stockholder approval, issue debt or equity securities, including preferred stock and including causing our operating partnership to issue additional units, retain earnings (subject to the distribution requirements applicable to REITs for federal income tax purposes) or pursue a combination of these methods. As long as our operating partnership is in existence, the proceeds of all equity capital raised by us will be contributed to our operating partnership in exchange for additional common or preferred units, which will dilute the ownership interests of the other limited partners.

 

We may offer shares of our common stock, OP units, or other debt or equity securities in exchange for cash, real estate assets or other investment targets and to repurchase or otherwise re-acquire shares of our common stock, OP units or other debt or equity securities. We may issue preferred stock from time to time, in one or more classes or series, as authorized by our Board of Directors without the need for stockholder approval. We have not adopted a specific policy governing the issuance of senior securities at this time.

 

Repurchase of Our Securities

 

We may repurchase shares of our common stock or OP units from time to time. In addition, holders of OP units have the right, subject to a 12-month holding period after issuance, to require us to redeem their OP units in exchange for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock.

 

Reporting Policies

 

Pursuant to the Exchange Act, after completion of this offering, we will be required to file annual and periodic reports, proxy statements and other information, including audited financial statements, with the SEC. After completion of this offering, we will make our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments to those reports or statements available

 

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free of charge on our website at www.americanresidentialproperties.com , under “Investor Relations—SEC Filings,” as soon as reasonably practicable after we file these materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC.

 

Policies with Respect to Certain Transactions

 

We have adopted a written policy for the review and approval of related person transactions requiring disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K, which include transactions in which (1) the amount involved may be expected to exceed $120,000 in any fiscal year, (2) our company or one of our subsidiaries will be a participant and (3) an executive officer, a director, a major stockholder or an immediate family member of the foregoing has a direct or indirect material interest. For a discussion of our policy with respect to related person transactions, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.” Under our bylaws, our directors and officers may have business interests and engage in business activities similar to, in addition to or in competition with those of or relating to our company.

 

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MANAGEMENT

 

Executive Officers and Directors

 

Our Board of Directors consists of six directors. Of these six directors, we believe that four, constituting a majority, are considered “independent,” with independence being determined in accordance with the listing standards established by the NYSE.

 

Set forth below are the names, ages and positions of our directors and executive officers as of the date of this prospectus.

 

Name

   Age   

Position with Our Company

Stephen G. Schmitz

   58    Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board of Directors

Laurie A. Hawkes

   57   

President, Chief Operating Officer and Director

Shant Koumriqian

   40   

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Andrew G. Kent

   53    Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary

Lani B Porter

   53   

Senior Vice President, Operations

Douglas N. Benham

   56   

Independent Director

David M. Brain

   57   

Independent Director

Keith R. Guericke

   64   

Independent Director

Todd W. Mansfield

   55
  

Independent Director

 

Set forth below is biographical information for each of our six directors, including Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, who also serve as executive officers.

 

Stephen G. Schmitz —Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board of Directors. Mr. Schmitz has held the positions of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman since our formation in May 2012. In October 2008, with our President and Chief Operating Officer, Ms. Hawkes, Mr. Schmitz co-founded ARP LLC, a private investment firm formed to capitalize on the extraordinary price deterioration in the single-family housing sector following the collapse in the housing and mortgage industries. The two founded Phoenix Fund, a fully committed private investment fund that owned 608 single-family homes as rental properties as of March 31, 2013, and ARM, the entity from which we acquired our real estate acquisition and management platform, in early 2010. In 2007, Mr. Schmitz was the Managing Partner of Grayhawk Capital Partners, a private real estate investment firm. In 2006, he served as Chief Executive Officer of AutoStar Realty, L.P., an automobile dealership financing firm. From 2001 to 2005, Mr. Schmitz was an Executive Vice President at GE Franchise Finance, which acquired Mr. Schmitz’s prior employer, FFCA, in 2001. Mr. Schmitz served as FFCA’s Chief Investment Officer for 15 years from 1986 to 2001, during which time it was a publicly traded REIT and one of the nation’s largest provider of mortgage and sale-leaseback financing to the chain restaurant, convenience store and retail auto parts industries. From 1982 to 1986, Mr. Schmitz was a commercial lender at Mellon Bank. A specialist in sale-leaseback acquisitions and mortgage financing on a programmatic scale, Mr. Schmitz has spent the majority of his finance career creating and managing teams of professionals that generate high volumes of small asset size real estate transactions, resulting in the production of transactions exceeding $2 billion in new investments on an annual basis. He attended the University of Wisconsin and received a BS from Franklin University and an MBA from Pennsylvania State University. Mr. Schmitz, as a co-founder of our company, is qualified to serve as a director due to his familiarity with our history and operations, his experience as an early participant in the emerging institutionalization of the single-family rental sector, his extensive real estate experience and his familiarity with business models emphasizing large volumes of acquisition activity.

 

Laurie A. Hawkes —President, Chief Operating Officer and member of our Board of Directors. Ms. Hawkes has held the position of President since our formation in May 2012 and the position of Chief Operating Officer since March 2013. As described above, Ms. Hawkes co-founded ARP LLC, Phoenix Fund and ARM with

 

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Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer. From 1995 to 2007, Ms. Hawkes worked at U.S. Realty Advisors, a $3 billion real estate private equity firm, becoming a Partner in 1997 and serving as President of the firm from 2003 to 2007. In the fifteen years prior to joining U.S. Realty Advisors, Ms. Hawkes was a Wall Street investment banker specializing in real estate and mortgage finance. From 1993 to 1995, Ms. Hawkes was a Managing Director in the Real Estate Investment Banking Division at CS First Boston Corp., and, from 1979 to 1993, was a Director in the Real Estate Investment and Mortgage Banking Departments at Salomon Brothers Inc. During her investment banking career, she structured and negotiated more than $16 billion in real estate acquisitions and securitized mortgage debt transactions for all property types utilizing many types of financing, including private equity, capital markets, financial institutions and institutional investors. She received a BA from Bowdoin College and an MBA from Cornell University. Ms. Hawkes, as a co-founder of our company, is qualified to serve as a director due to her familiarity with our history and operations, her experience as an early participant in the emerging institutionalization of the single-family rental sector, her extensive experience as an investment banker focusing on the real estate and mortgage industries, and her experience as an executive at a private equity firm focusing on real estate investment acquisition and financing.

 

Douglas N. Benham —Member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Benham has served on our Board of Directors since completion of our initial private offering in May 2012. He is the President and Chief Executive Officer of DNB Advisors, LLC, a restaurant industry consulting firm, and served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Arby’s Restaurant Group, or Arby’s, a quick-service restaurant company, from January 2004 to April 2006. Prior to Arby’s, from August 2003 until January 2004, Mr. Benham was President and Chief Executive Officer of DNB Advisors, LLC. For a period of fourteen years, from January 1989 until August 2003, Mr. Benham was Chief Financial Officer and served on the Board of Directors of RTM Restaurant Group, Inc., an Arby’s franchisee. Currently, Mr. Benham also serves as a director of Sonic Corp. (NASDAQ: SONC), and a director of Global Income Trust, Inc., a non-traded public REIT. He received a BA in accounting from the University of West Florida. Mr. Benham is qualified to serve as a director because of his experience as a senior executive officer at, and consultant to, various business enterprises, his experience as a board member of other publicly traded companies and his expertise in accounting and finance.

 

David M. Brain —Member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Brain has served on our Board of Directors since the completion of our initial private offering in May 2012. Since October 1999, he has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of Entertainment Properties Trust, or Entertainment Properties, a NYSE-listed REIT (NYSE: EPR), before which he served as the Chief Financial Officer from 1997 to 1999, and as the Chief Operating Officer from 1998 to 1999. In 1997, Mr. Brain, while acting as a Senior Vice President in the investment banking and corporate finance department of George K. Baum & Company, an investment banking firm based in Kansas City, Missouri, acted as a consultant to AMC Entertainment, Inc. in the formation of Entertainment Properties. Before joining George K. Baum & Company in 1996, Mr. Brain was Managing Director of the Corporate Finance Group of KPMG LLP, a practice unit he organized and managed for over 12 years. He received a BA in Economics and an MBA from Tulane University, where he was awarded an academic fellowship. Mr. Brain is qualified to serve as a director because of his extensive leadership experience at a publicly traded REIT, his experience in investment banking and his extensive contacts with senior real estate executives throughout the United States.

 

Keith R. Guericke —Member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Guericke has served on our Board of Directors since completion of our initial private offering in May 2012. He has served on the Board of Directors of Essex Property Trust, Inc., or Essex, a NYSE-listed multi-family REIT (NYSE: ESS), since June 1994. In 2001, Mr. Guericke was elected to the position of Vice Chairman of the Board of Essex, a position he still holds. Mr. Guericke served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Essex from 1994 through 2010. Since his retirement, he continues to provide services to Essex on a part-time basis. Mr. Guericke joined Essex’s predecessor, Essex Property Corporation, in 1977 to focus on investment strategies and portfolio expansion. Mr. Guericke prepared Essex for its initial public offering in 1994, and since then has overseen the significant growth of Essex’s multi-family portfolio in supply-constrained markets along the West Coast. Mr. Guericke is a member of NAREIT, the National Multi-Housing Council and several local apartment industry groups. Prior to

 

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joining Essex, Mr. Guericke began his career with Kenneth Leventhal & Company, a CPA firm noted for its real estate expertise. Mr. Guericke received a BS in Accounting from Southern Oregon College in 1971. Mr. Guericke is qualified to serve as a director because of his extensive leadership experience at a publicly traded REIT, his expansive knowledge of the real estate industry and his strong relationships with many executives at real estate companies throughout the United States.

 

Todd W. Mansfield — Member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Mansfield has served on our Board of Directors since March 2013. Since December 2011, he has been President and Chief Executive Officer of Crescent Communities, LLC, or Crescent, after serving as a member of its board of managers and as lead director in 2011. Crescent is a real estate investment company that primarily develops single-family, multifamily and resort residential communities throughout the southeastern United States and also owns and manages business and industrial parks. From 1999 to 2010, Mr. Mansfield served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Crosland LLC, a diversified real estate investment and development company. Before joining Crosland, Mr. Mansfield was Managing Director at Security Capital Group (formerly NYSE: SCG) and spent 11 years at The Walt Disney Company (NYSE: DIS), where, as Executive Vice President, he had operating responsibility for its development and corporate real estate activities worldwide. He is a director and former chairman of Charlotte City Center Partners and serves on the Board of Directors of the Foundation for the Carolinas. He also serves on the Board of Trustees of the North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy and is a director and past chairman of the Urban Land Institute. Mr. Mansfield has also served on the boards of Carolinas HealthCare System, CarrAmerica Realty Corporation (formerly NYSE: CRE) and Kforce Inc. (NASDAQ: KFRC). He received a BA from Claremont McKenna College and an MBA from Harvard University. Mr. Mansfield is qualified to serve as a director because of experience as a senior executive officer of various real estate enterprises, three decades of experience with residential investment and operations and his experience as a board member of other publicly traded companies.

 

Set forth below is biographical information for each of our other executive officers and certain key employees.

 

Shant Koumriqian —Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Shant Koumriqian has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since October 2012. Mr. Koumriqian served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of MPG Office Trust, Inc. (NYSE: MPG) from December 2008 to March 2012, as Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer from January 2008 to November 2008 and as Vice President, Finance from July 2004 to January 2008. Prior to joining MPG Office Trust, Mr. Koumriqian spent a total of nine years in real estate practice groups, first at Arthur Andersen LLP and then at Deloitte & Touche LLP, where he was a senior manager, serving public and private real estate companies. Mr. Koumriqian received a BA in Business Administration, cum laude , from California State University, Los Angeles.

 

Andrew G. Kent —Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary. Mr. Kent, who became our Senior Vice President, Investments in October 2012, has been with our company since May 2012. Currently, he also serves as our General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer. He has more than 22 years of experience in real estate and real estate finance. Prior to joining us, Mr. Kent served from 2008 to May 2012 as Vice President and Underwriting Counsel for the Phoenix National Title Services office of Fidelity National Title Company. From 2005 to 2008, he was Director of Capital Markets for Hometown, a commercial mortgage start-up that specialized in smaller balance CMBS loan origination. Prior to joining Hometown, Mr. Kent held senior management and legal roles from 1996 to 2005 at GE Franchise Finance and FFCA. Before joining FFCA in 1996, he spent six years as an associate at the New York office of the multinational law firm, Jones Day. He received a JD, magna cum laude , from New York Law School and a BA in English and Psychology from the University of Rochester.

 

Lani B Porter —Senior Vice President, Operations. Ms. Porter has been our Senior Vice President, Operations since October 2012 after joining us in July 2012 as Vice President, Operations. She has been an executive in the Real Estate Industry since 1995, when, as a founding executive serving as Senior Vice President

 

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of Operations, she helped create the first online marketplace for mortgage lending at Getsmart.com. In 2000, after Providian Bank’s acquisition of Getsmart.com, she joined nCommand as Co-Founder, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer, where she developed an end-to-end virtual loan process for residential lending. After the acquisition of nCommand by Ellie Mae in 2002, she served as Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Operations at Accruent, a company whose products are used in managing over 1 billion square feet of commercial space for many Fortune 500 companies and large retailers. In addition, beginning in 2005, Ms. Porter served as Director of Operations for Hometown, where she developed the systems technology and processes to underwrite, fund, manage, securitize and sell more than $2 billion in assets. Ms. Porter has served on the Mortgage Bankers Association-sanctioned Governance Board of MISMO (Mortgage Industry Standards Maintenance Organization), attended Arizona State University, and completed the Oracle RDBMS Master’s program for Database Administrators.

 

Michelle D. Stewart —Vice President, Transactions Management. Ms. Stewart has been our Vice President, Transaction Management since July 2012 and served as our Vice President, Operations from May 2012 to July 2012. Ms. Stewart is responsible for managing our acquisitions, due diligence and closing processes. Ms. Stewart served in a similar capacity as the Vice President of Operations of ARM beginning in January 2012 and as an independent contractor to ARP LLC beginning in August 2009. Prior to working with ARP LLC, from September 2006 until August 2009 Ms. Stewart worked in different positions not related to real estate. From June 1993 until August 2006, Ms. Stewart spent over 13 years in a similar role with FFCA and GE Franchise Finance, ultimately reporting either to Mr. Schmitz or Mr. Kent during that period. In that capacity, she successfully closed and documented over 3,000 individual investment properties. Ms. Stewart has over 25 years of diverse administrative experience and is highly experienced in all areas of real estate acquisition, including documentation and closing processes, title insurance, due diligence, property management, internal audit processes, credit report evaluation and database system management, among other property-related functions. While with FFCA, her property acquisition files became the standard for institutional real estate securitizations and she received numerous awards and recognition for top production during her tenure with FFCA and GE Franchise Finance.

 

Paul R. Ladd, III —Vice President, National Field Operations and Quality Assurance. Mr. Ladd has 25 years of broad-based consulting experience focused primarily on due diligence for multi-family and commercial real estate acquisition and refinancing. Before joining our company, he was a principal with Criterium Engineers, a nationwide building inspection and construction quality assurance firm. Previously, Mr. Ladd served as Director of Risk Management with Hometown, where he was responsible for environmental and engineering due diligence and pre-closing inspections on all assets. Prior to Hometown, Mr. Ladd held senior management positions with several large consulting firms including Jacques Whitford (now Stantec) and Vertex Engineering, where he provided program management for national clients including GE Capital, Verizon, Hertz, CVS Pharmacy, BJ’s Wholesale Club, and BP Oil Company. Mr. Ladd received a BA from the University of Rhode Island.

 

Josh E. Kellner —Director of Underwriting. Mr. Kellner serves as our Director of Underwriting, responsible for real estate underwriting, financial modeling, assisting with investor reporting, lender/ bank compliance and bidding at courthouse auctions. From August 2008 until September 2010, Mr. Kellner was an Associate at Dinan & Company, LLC, a middle-market investment advisory firm, where he was responsible for initiating private middle-market acquisition searches for globally recognized private equity groups and for real estate acquisition opportunity identification, transaction negotiation and financial modeling across a wide band of asset classes and product types, including whole loan residential and commercial portfolios, REO, securitizations (residential mortgage-backed securities and CMBS), sale-leasebacks, corporate debt and new credit opportunities. Prior to September 2008, Mr. Kellner was also a Senior Loan Officer with Savannah Mortgage Company, where he was involved in residential loan origination in the greater Phoenix area. He has extensive knowledge of FHA, VA and reverse mortgage underwriting guidelines. Mr. Kellner received a BS in Accountancy from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.

 

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David J. Sliwicki —Vice President, Private Mortgage Financing. From 2008 to early 2013, Mr. Sliwicki was Senior Vice President within the Special Assets Group at Bank of America where he was responsible for a portfolio of troubled commercial real estate loans and properties throughout the central United States, with a focus on implementing permanent resolutions for troubled loans and the asset management and disposition of other real estate owned properties. From 2005 until 2008, Mr. Sliwicki was a Managing Director with Deerfield Capital Management, an alternative asset manager based in Chicago, where he was responsible for the acquisition/origination and portfolio management of commercial real estate debt and equity investments. Prior to joining Deerfield Capital, Mr. Sliwicki was the Vice President – Midwest Region for National Equity Fund, a syndicator and asset manager of affordable housing investments. At National Equity Fund, Mr. Sliwicki oversaw a team of professionals dedicated to the origination, structuring and asset management of equity investments in multi-family, affordable housing projects via the Low Income Housing Tax Credit. Mr. Sliwicki also spent six years originating and structuring commercial real estate loans on value-add properties with a team of professionals first employed by Sanwa Business Credit and later with Transamerica Commercial Real Estate Finance. Mr. Sliwicki began his career with Citicorp Real Estate, Inc, having completed Citicorp’s credit training program in New York City, and later being placed in New York, Boston, and Chicago. He holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from Marquette University and a Master of Science in Real Estate from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

 

Judith Klein Romero —Vice President, Portfolio Investments. From 2006 to 2012, Mrs. Romero was Associate Partner and Senior Vice-President of Ensemble Real Estate Services LLC, a commercial real estate company providing management, leasing, development, brokerage and acquisition services with a specific concentration in medical office buildings. From 1986 until 1993, and again from 1996 through 2006, Mrs. Romero was a Senior Vice President with Amerimar Enterprises, or Amerimar, a national commercial real estate firm based in Philadelphia. Mrs. Romero opened and ran offices for Amerimar in such primary cities as Boston, Chicago, and Philadelphia before relocating and running Amerimar’s Phoenix-based operations for seven of the 17 years she was part of Amerimar’s team. Mrs. Romero also spent three years working for the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation’s, or GSIC, North American office where she gained additional institutional experience working on the management of assets owned by GSIC in both Massachusetts and Florida. Mrs. Romero’s experience includes an extensive concentration in retail and high-rise office properties. Mrs. Romero has been responsible for the oversight of numerous successful properties located throughout several states, and has directly supervised tens of millions of dollars in construction, development, re-development and tenant improvements. She received a BA degree from the University of New Hampshire, the Institute of Real Estate Management’s Real Property Administrator (RPA) designation and received the CCIM designation (Certified Commercial Investment Member) from the CCIM Institute. Mrs. Romero is a licensed Real Estate Agent in the State of Arizona.

 

Board of Directors

 

The number of members of our Board of Directors will be determined from time-to-time by resolution of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors currently consists of six persons. Our directors are nominated each year by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors.

 

Upon completion of this offering, we will become subject to the rules of the NYSE. Generally, these rules require a number of directors serving on our Board of Directors to meet standards of independence. Our Board of Directors has determined that the directors listed above as “independent” meet the independence standards of the NYSE. Our independent directors meet regularly in executive sessions without members of management present.

 

Our Board of Directors believes its members collectively have the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills to effectively oversee the management of our company, including a high degree of personal and professional integrity, an ability to exercise sound business judgment on a broad range of issues, sufficient experience and background to have an appreciation of the issues facing our company, a willingness to devote the necessary time to board duties, a commitment to representing the best interests of our company and a dedication to enhancing stockholder value.

 

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Committees of Our Board of Directors

 

Our Board of Directors has established three committees: the Audit Committee; the Compensation Committee; and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Each of these committees currently consists of three members, each of whom satisfies the NYSE’s independence standards. Mr. Mansfield will be joining one or more of these committees following completion of this offering. Matters put to a vote at one of our three independent committees of our Board of Directors must be approved by a majority of the directors on the committee who are present at the meeting at which there is a quorum or in an action by unanimous written consent of the directors serving on the committee.

 

Audit Committee

 

The Audit Committee, which is composed of Messrs. Benham, Brain and Guericke and for which Mr. Benham currently serves as the Chairman, assists our Board of Directors in overseeing our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of our financial statements. Our Board of Directors has affirmatively determined that each of the Audit Committee members meets the definition of “independent director” for purposes of the NYSE rules and the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. Our Board of Directors has also determined that Mr. Benham, the chair of the Audit Committee, qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” under SEC rules and regulations and that each of the other members of the Audit Committee is financially literate within the meaning of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

 

Compensation Committee

 

The Compensation Committee, which is composed of Messrs. Benham, Brain and Guericke and for which Mr. Brain currently serves as the Chairman, supports our Board of Directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities relating to senior management and director compensation, including the administration of our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

 

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, which is composed of Messrs. Benham, Brain and Guericke and for which Mr. Guericke currently serves as the Chairman, assists our Board of Directors in identifying and recommending candidates to fill vacancies on our Board of Directors and for election by the stockholders, recommending committee assignments for directors, overseeing our Board of Directors’ annual evaluation of the performance of our Board of Directors, its committees and individual directors, reviewing compensation received by directors for service on our Board of Directors and its committees and developing and recommending to our Board of Directors appropriate corporate governance policies, practices and procedures for our company.

 

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

 

Our Board of Directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our officers, directors and employees. Among other matters, our code of business conduct and ethics is designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote the following:

 

   

honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest;

 

   

full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in our reports filed with the SEC and other public communications;

 

   

compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations;

 

   

prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to appropriate persons identified in the code; and

 

   

accountability for adherence to the code.

 

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Any waiver of the code of business conduct and ethics for our executive officers, directors or employees may be made only by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and will be promptly disclosed as required by law or stock exchange regulations.

 

Limitations on Liabilities and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

 

For information concerning limitations of liability and indemnification applicable to our directors, executive officers and, in certain circumstances, employees, see “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Limitation of Directors’ and Officers’ Liability and Indemnification” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

 

Interests in Our Investments

 

We are permitted to make or acquire investments in which our directors, officers or stockholders or any of our or their respective affiliates have direct or indirect pecuniary interests. However, any such transaction in which our directors or any of their respective affiliates has any interest would be subject to the restrictions and procedures described below.

 

Director Compensation

 

Our Board of Directors has established a compensation program for our independent directors. Pursuant to this compensation program, we pay the following fees to each of our independent directors:

 

   

an annual cash retainer of $50,000;

 

   

an initial grant of 2,500 LTIP units upon becoming a director;

 

   

at the time of each annual meeting of our stockholders, beginning with the 2013 annual meeting, each independent director who will continue to serve on our Board of Directors will receive an annual grant of LTIP units having a value of $50,000 if and as determined by our Board of Directors;

 

   

an additional annual cash retainer of $10,000 to the chair of the Audit Committee;

 

   

an additional annual cash retainer of $7,500 to the chair of the Compensation Committee; and

 

   

an additional annual cash retainer of $7,500 to the chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

 

We also reimburse our independent directors for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the performance of their duties as directors, including without limitation travel expenses in connection with their attendance in-person at meetings of our Board of Directors and its committees. Directors who are employees do not receive any compensation for their services as directors.

 

Executive Compensation

 

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

 

This section discusses the principles underlying our policies and decisions with respect to the compensation of our named executive officers and the principal factors relevant to an analysis of these policies and decisions. Currently, our “named executive officers” and their positions are: Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman; Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors; Mr. Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer; Mr. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary; and Ms. Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations. The following discussion and analysis of compensation arrangements of our named executive officers should be read together with the compensation tables and related disclosures set forth below. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations and determinations regarding future compensation programs. Actual compensation programs that we adopt following completion of this offering may differ materially from the currently planned programs summarized in this discussion.

 

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Determination of Compensation

 

Roles of Our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer in Compensation Decisions

 

Since our formation, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors, in conjunction with our Chief Executive Officer, has been responsible for overseeing our executive compensation program, as well as determining and approving, subject to the oversight of our Board of Directors, the ongoing compensation arrangements for our named executive officers. Our Compensation Committee, Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer meet periodically throughout the year to review adjustments, if any, to the compensation, including base salary, annual bonus and long-term equity awards, for our named executive officers. Equity awards are subject to approval by our Board of Directors.

 

Since our formation, our Chief Executive Officer has been responsible for evaluating the individual performance and contributions of each other named executive officer, other than Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer, and reporting to our Compensation Committee and Board of Directors his determinations regarding such other named executive officers’ compensation. Our Chief Executive Officer has not participated in any formal discussion with our Compensation Committee and Board of Directors regarding decisions on his own compensation or the compensation of Ms. Hawkes, and he has recused himself from meetings at which his compensation and Ms. Hawkes’ compensation have been discussed.

 

We do not generally rely on formulaic guidelines or react to short-term changes in business performance for determining the mix or levels of cash and equity-based compensation, but rather maintain a flexible compensation program that allows us to adapt components and levels of compensation to motivate, reward and retain individual named executive officers within the context of our desire to attain financial and operational goals. Subjective factors considered in compensation determinations include a named executive officer’s responsibilities, leadership abilities, skills, contributions as a member of the executive management team, contributions to our overall performance and whether the total compensation potential and structure is sufficient to ensure the retention of a named executive officer when considering the compensation potential that may be available elsewhere.

 

Engagement of Compensation Consultants

 

Our Compensation Committee has retained FTI Consulting Inc., or FTI, a professional compensation consulting firm, to provide advice regarding the executive compensation program for our senior executive management team following the completion of this offering. Under the engagement agreement between the Compensation Committee and FTI, FTI has provided, and will in the future provide, analysis and recommendations regarding base salaries, annual bonuses and long-term incentive compensation for our executive management team, and a director compensation program for non-employee members of our Board of Directors. FTI has not performed and does not currently provide any other services to management or our company, other than providing de minimis advice to our company for no additional fee relating to company-paid health insurance premiums for our broad-based group health plan.

 

Executive Compensation Philosophy and Objectives

 

The market for experienced management is highly competitive in our industry. Our goal is to attract and retain the most highly qualified executives to manage each of our business functions. In doing so, we draw upon a pool of talent that is highly sought after by similarly sized REITs and other real estate companies. Our executive compensation philosophy recognizes that, given that the market for experienced management is highly competitive in our industry, key and core to our success is our ability to attract and retain the most highly qualified executives to manage each of our business functions.

 

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We regard as fundamental that executive officer compensation be structured to provide competitive base salaries and benefits to attract and retain superior employees and to provide incentive compensation to motivate executive officers to attain, and to reward executive officers for attaining, financial, operational, individual and other goals that are consistent with increasing stockholder value. We also believe that our executive compensation program should include a long-term incentive component that aligns executives’ interests with our stockholders’ interests. The objective of our long-term incentive awards, including equity-based compensation, will be to encourage executives to focus on our long-term growth and incentivize executives to manage our company from the perspective of stockholders with a meaningful stake in our success.

 

We view the components of our executive compensation program as related but distinct, and we expect to regularly reassess the total compensation of our named executive officers to ensure that our overall compensation objectives are met. To date, not all components have been provided to our named executive officers. We have considered, but not relied upon exclusively, the following factors in determining the appropriate level for each compensation component: our understanding of the competitive market based on the collective experience of members of our Compensation Committee and our Board of Directors and their review of compensation surveys; our recruiting and retention goals; our view of internal equity and consistency; the length of service of our executive officers; our overall performance; the recommendations of FTI; and other considerations our Compensation Committee and our Board of Directors and/or Chief Executive Officer determines are relevant.

 

Each of the primary elements of our executive compensation program is discussed in more detail below. While we have identified particular compensation objectives that each element of executive compensation serves, our compensation program is designed to be flexible and complementary and to serve all of the executive compensation objectives described above. Accordingly, whether or not specifically mentioned below, we believe that, as a part of our overall executive compensation policy, each individual element, to a greater or lesser extent, serves each of our compensation objectives and that, collectively, they are effective in achieving our overall objectives.

 

Elements of Executive Compensation Program

 

The following describes the primary components of our executive compensation program for each of our named executive officers, the rationale for that component and how compensation amounts are determined.

 

Base Salary

 

We provide our executive officers, including our named executive officers, with a base salary to compensate them for services rendered to our company during the fiscal year. The base salary payable to each named executive officer is intended to provide a fixed component of compensation reflecting the executive’s skill set, experience, role and responsibilities. Generally, initial base salary amounts were established based on consideration of, among other factors, the scope of the named executive officer’s responsibilities, period of service and the general knowledge of our Compensation Committee and our Board of Directors or our Chief Executive Officer of the competitive market based on, among other things, experience with other companies and our industry. The base salaries of our named executive officers will be reviewed periodically by our Compensation Committee and our Board of Directors or our Chief Executive Officer and merit salary increases will be made as deemed appropriate based on such factors as the scope of an executive officer’s responsibilities, individual contribution, prior experience and sustained performance. The table below shows the base salary for each of our named executive officers as of January 1, 2013.

 

Named Executive Officer

  

Title

   Base Salary  

Stephen G. Schmitz

   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer    $ 500,000   

Laurie A. Hawkes

   President and Chief Operating Officer    $ 500,000   

Shant Koumriqian

   Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer    $ 325,000   

Andrew G. Kent

   Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary    $ 225,000   

Lani B Porter

   Senior Vice President, Operations    $ 225,000   

 

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Annual Performance-Based Compensation

 

We use cash bonuses to motivate our named executive officers to achieve our short-term financial and strategic objectives while making progress towards our longer-term growth and other goals. In 2012, we did not establish a formal bonus program, and annual bonuses for Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter were determined by our Chief Executive Officer in his sole discretion based on his assessment of the executives’ performance and the performance of our company. Beginning in 2013, the Compensation Committee has made and will in the future make all final determinations regarding annual bonuses for each of our named executive officers based on the recommendations of our Chief Executive Officer (other than for our Chief Executive Officer and President and Chief Operating Officer), the performance of our named executive officers relative to any individual and corporate performance goals established by the Compensation Committee (with the assistance of any independent compensation consultant it may engage), market factors and such other factors as the Compensation Committee (with the assistance of any compensation consultant it may engage), deem appropriate. In April 2013, the Compensation Committee awarded discretionary annual cash bonuses to Mr. Schmitz, Ms. Hawkes and Mr. Koumriqian of 100%, 100% and 75%, respectively, of the executive’s 2012 annual base salary, pro rated for the period of the executive’s employment by us in 2012, due to these executives’ outstanding performance in that year. See “2012 Summary Compensation Table.” For 2013, the Compensation Committee has established target percentages of base salary for annual cash performance bonuses for our named executive officers as follows: 100% for each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, 75% for Mr. Koumriqian and 60% for each of Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter. Actual cash performance bonuses, if any, will be determined by the Compensation Committee in its discretion.

 

Long-Term Equity-Based Awards

 

The goals of our long-term equity-based awards are to reward and encourage long-term corporate performance based on the value of our stock and, thereby, to align the interests of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, with those of our stockholders. The size and form of the initial equity awards for our named executive officers typically have been established through arm’s-length negotiation at the time the individual was hired or at the time at which we entered into an employment agreement with the named executive officer. In making these awards, we considered, among other things, the prospective role and responsibility of the individual, competitive factors, the amount of equity-based compensation held by the executive officer at his or her former employer, our Board of Directors’ collective experience with compensation paid in respect of similar roles and in companies in similar stages of growth and industries as us at the time the executive officer was hired, the cash compensation received by the executive officer and the need to create a meaningful opportunity for reward predicated on the creation of long-term stockholder value.

 

2012 Grants of Plan-Based Awards

 

The following table sets forth information regarding grants of plan-based awards made to our named executive officers for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Name

   Date of Grant    All other LTIP Awards
(# of Units)
     Grant Date Fair Value of
LTIP Awards ($) (1)
 

Stephen G. Schmitz

   May 11, 2012      224,961         3,824,337   

Laurie A. Hawkes

   May 11, 2012      224,961         3,824,337   

Shant Koumriqian

   November 7, 2012      5,000         85,000   

Andrew G. Kent

   May 14, 2012      2,500         42,500   
   November 7, 2012      12,500         212,500   

Lani B Porter

   November 7, 2012      11,500         195,500   

 

(1)   Assumes each LTIP unit has a fair value of $17, which reflects the inherent uncertainty that the LTIP units will reach parity with OP units, the appropriateness of discounts for illiquidity, expectations for future dividends and various other data available to us at the time and other data that we deem relevant. For information regarding the assumptions made in the valuation of LTIP unit awards, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

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Offering Grants of Plan-Based Awards

 

Upon completion of this offering, we will grant our named executive officers, pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, LTIP unit awards having an aggregate value of $8.75 million, as shown in the following table:

 

Name

   Grant Date Fair Value of
LTIP Awards ($) (1)
 

Stephen G. Schmitz

     3,000,000   

Laurie A. Hawkes

     3,000,000   

Shant Koumriqian

     1,650,000 (2)  

Andrew G. Kent

     550,000   

Lani B Porter

     550,000   

 

(1) Assumes each LTIP unit has a fair value of $            , which is the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover of this prospectus. The actual grant date fair value will be determined at a later date, taking into account the inherent uncertainty that the LTIP units will reach parity with OP units, the appropriateness of discounts for illiquidity, expectations for future dividends and various other data available to us at the time and other data that we deem relevant. For information regarding the assumptions made in the valuation of LTIP unit awards made in 2012, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
(2) Includes $1.1 million of LTIP units or restricted shares of common stock, as elected by Mr. Koumriqian in his discretion, that we will grant to Mr. Koumriqian upon completion of this offering pursuant to his employment agreement. These LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock will vest in equal one-third increments on each of the first three anniversaries of their date of grant.

 

The actual number of LTIP units granted will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock. Based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, we will grant              LTIP units to our named executive officers. These LTIP units, other than the $1.1 million of LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock referred to in footnote 2 above, will vest ratably on each of the first five anniversaries of their date of grant, subject to the satisfaction of performance-based criteria to be determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors after completion of this offering.

 

Retirement Savings

 

We intend to establish a 401(k) retirement savings plan for our employees, including our named executive officers, who satisfy certain eligibility requirements. Our named executive officers will be eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan on the same terms as other full-time employees. The Code allows eligible employees to defer a portion of their compensation, within prescribed limits, on a pre-tax basis through contributions to the 401(k) plan. We may match contributions made by participants in the plan up to a specified percentage of the employee contributions, and these matching contributions may be fully vested as of the date on which the contribution is made. We believe that providing a vehicle for tax deferred retirement savings though our 401(k) plan, and potentially making fully vested matching contributions, will add to the overall desirability of our executive compensation package and further incentivizes our employees, including our named executive officers, in accordance with our compensation policies.

 

Employee Benefits and Perquisites

 

All of our full-time employees, including our named executive officers, are eligible to participate in our health and welfare plans, including:

 

   

medical and dental benefits, as well as vision discounts;

 

   

short-term and long-term disability insurance; and

 

   

life insurance.

 

We will pay 75% and 100% of the premiums for each of our employee’s medical and dental plans, respectively, for the 2013 plan year. We design our employee benefits programs to be affordable and competitive

 

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in relation to the market, and we modify our employee benefits programs as needed based upon regular monitoring of applicable laws and practices in the competitive market. These benefits are provided to our named executive officers on the same general terms as they are provided to all of our full-time employees, with the exception of certain additional supplemental long-term disability insurance, which covers participating executives, including our named executive officers. We also reimburse certain of our named executive officers for reasonable legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with the negotiation of an employment agreement. In addition, we may under certain circumstances agree to pay directly or reimburse our named executive officers for certain relocation expenses incurred in connection with a relocation made at the request of our company. We believe that providing these benefits is a relatively inexpensive way to enhance the competitiveness of the executives’ compensation packages. In the future, we may provide perquisites or other personal benefits in limited circumstances, such as where we believe it is appropriate to assist an individual named executive officer in the performance of his or her duties, to make our named executive officers more efficient and effective and for recruitment, motivation and/or retention purposes. Future practices with respect to perquisites or other personal benefits for our named executive officers will be approved and subject to periodic review by our Board of Directors or Compensation Committee. We do not expect these perquisites to be a material component of our compensation program.

 

Severance and Change in Control-Based Compensation

 

As more fully described below under the captions “—Employment Agreements” and “—2012 Equity Incentive Plan—Change in Control,” certain of our named executive officers’ employment agreements provide for certain payments and/or benefits upon certain termination of employment events or in connection with a change in control. The employment agreements also provide for gross-up payments to reimburse these executives for any excise taxes imposed on the executive in connection with a change in control. We believe that job security and terminations of employment, both within and outside of the change in control context, are causes of significant concern and uncertainty for senior executives and that providing protections to our named executive officers in these contexts is therefore appropriate in order to alleviate these concerns and allow the executives to remain focused on their duties and responsibilities to our company in all situations.

 

2012 Summary Compensation Table

 

The following table summarizes information regarding the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2012.

 

Name and Principal Position

   Year      Salary (1)
($)
     Bonus
($)
     Stock  Awards (2)
($)
    Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
     All Other
Compensation

($)
    Total
($)
 

Stephen G. Schmitz

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

     2012         312,500         320,548         3,824,337 (3)       —           1,442 (4)       4,458,827   

Laurie A. Hawkes

President and Chief Operating Officer

     2012         312,500         320,548         3,824,337 (3)       —           1,442 (4)       4,458,827   

Shant Koumriqian

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

     2012         67,708         51,421         85,000 (5)       —           369 (6)       204,498   

Andrew G. Kent

Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary

     2012         94,904         75,000         255,000 (7)       —           361 (8)       425,266   

Lani B Porter

Senior Vice President, Operations

     2012         75,000         65,000         195,500 (9)       —           647 (10)       336,148   

 

(1)   Amounts in this column represent each named executive officer’s annual base salary for 2012, prorated to reflect partial year service beginning on May 11, 2012 in the case of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, October 15, 2012 in the case of Mr. Koumriqian, May 14, 2012 in the case of Mr. Kent and July 2, 2012 in the case of Ms. Porter.

 

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(2)   Each amount in this column is the grant date fair value of LTIP units awarded to the executive. For information regarding the assumptions made in the valuation of LTIP unit awards, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
(3)   Reflects 224,961 LTIP units, of which 5,245 vested upon grant and 219,716 vest as follows: 88,486 vest ratably on May 11, 2013, May 11, 2014 and May 11, 2015; and 131,230 vest on the first to occur of (i) the date on which any shares of our common stock become registered with the SEC under Section 5 of the Securities Act and listed on a national securities exchange; (ii) the date on which a change in control (as defined in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan) occurs; and (iii) May 11, 2015.
(4)   Amount includes $1,306 in health insurance premiums and $136 in dental, life and long-term disability insurance premiums.
(5)   Reflects 5,000 LTIP units that vest ratably on November 7, 2013, November 7, 2014 and November 7, 2015.
(6)   Amount includes $233 in health insurance premiums and $136 in dental, life and long-term disability insurance premiums.
(7)   Reflects 2,500 LTIP units that vest ratably on May 14, 2013, May 14, 2014 and May 14, 2015 and 12,500 LTIP units that vest ratably on November 7, 2013, November 7, 2014 and November 7, 2015.
(8)   Amount includes $233 in health insurance premiums and $128 in dental, life and long-term disability insurance premiums.
(9)   Reflects 11,500 LTIP units that vest ratably on November 7, 2013, November 7, 2014 and November 7, 2015.
(10)   Amount includes $519 in health insurance premiums and $128 in dental, life and long-term disability insurance premiums.

 

Tax and Accounting Considerations

 

Code Section 162(m)

 

Generally, Section 162(m) of the Code, or Section 162(m), disallows a tax deduction for any publicly held corporation for individual compensation exceeding $1.0 million in any taxable year to its chief executive officer and each of its three other most highly compensated executive officers, other than its chief financial officer, unless compensation qualifies as “performance-based compensation” within the meaning of the Code. As we are not currently publicly traded, our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer have not previously taken the deductibility limit imposed by Section 162(m) into consideration in setting compensation. Under a Section 162(m) transition rule for compensation plans of corporations which are privately held and which become publicly held in an initial public offering, certain awards under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and other pre-existing plans will not be subject to Section 162(m) until the expiration of a post-closing transition period, which will occur on the earliest to occur of our annual stockholders’ meeting in 2017, a material modification or expiration of the applicable plan or the exhaustion of the shares or other compensation reserved for issuance under the plan. Following this offering, we expect that the Compensation Committee may design awards of variable compensation paid to our named executive officers in a manner that is generally consistent with the “performance-based compensation” requirements of Section 162(m). However, the Compensation Committee, in its judgment, may authorize compensation payments that do not comply with the exemptions in Section 162(m) when it believes that such payments are appropriate to attract and retain executive talent.

 

Code Section 409A

 

Section 409A of the Code, or Section 409A, requires that “nonqualified deferred compensation” be deferred and paid under plans or arrangements that satisfy the requirements of the statute with respect to the timing of deferral elections, timing of payments and certain other matters. Failure to satisfy these requirements can expose employees and other service providers to accelerated income tax liabilities, penalty taxes and interest on their vested compensation under such plans. Accordingly, as a general matter, it is our intention to design and

 

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administer our compensation and benefits plans and arrangements for all of our employees and other service providers, including our named executive officers, so that they are either exempt from, or satisfy the requirements of, Section 409A.

 

Code Section 280G

 

Section 280G of the Code, or Section 280G, disallows a tax deduction with respect to excess parachute payments to certain employees and other service providers of companies which undergo a change in control. In addition, Section 4999 of the Code, or Section 4999, imposes a 20% excise tax on the individual with respect to the excess parachute payment. Parachute payments are compensation linked to or triggered by a change in control and may include, but are not limited to, bonus payments, severance payments, certain fringe benefits and payments and acceleration of vesting from long-term incentive plans including stock options and other equity-based compensation. Excess parachute payments are parachute payments that exceed a threshold determined under Section 280G based on the executive’s prior compensation. In approving the compensation arrangements for our named executive officers following this offering, the Compensation Committee will consider all elements of the cost to our company of providing such compensation, including the potential impact of Section 280G. Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan provides that the plan benefits, and all other parachute payments provided under other plans and agreements, will be reduced to the safe harbor amount, i.e., the maximum amount that may be paid without excise tax liability or loss of deduction, if the reduction allows the recipient to receive greater after-tax benefits. The benefits under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and other plans and agreements will not be reduced, however, if the recipient will receive greater after-tax benefits (taking into account the 20% excise tax payable by the recipient) by receiving the total benefits.

 

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

 

We follow FASB Codification Topic 718, or ASC Topic 718, for our stock-based compensation awards. ASC Topic 718 requires companies to calculate the grant date “fair value” of their stock-based awards using a variety of assumptions. ASC Topic 718 also requires companies to recognize the compensation cost of their stock-based awards in their income statements over the period that an employee is required to render service in exchange for the award. Grants of stock options, restricted shares of our common stock, restricted stock units and other equity-based awards under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will be accounted for under ASC Topic 718. The Compensation Committee will regularly consider the accounting implications of significant compensation decisions, especially in connection with decisions that relate to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. As accounting standards change, we may revise certain programs to appropriately align accounting expenses of our equity awards with our overall executive compensation philosophy and objectives.

 

Employment Agreements

 

Upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, we entered into employment agreements with Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes. In April 2013, we amended and restated those agreements and entered into employment agreements with Mr. Koumriqian (whose agreement is effective as of October 15, 2012), Mr. Kent (whose agreement is effective as of January 1, 2013) and Ms. Porter (whose agreement is effective as of January 1, 2013). Each of the employment agreements has an initial term expiring December 31, 2015. Each employment agreement provides for an automatic one-year extension after the expiration of the initial term, unless either party provides the other with at least 90 days’ prior written notice of non-renewal. The employment agreements require the applicable executive officer to dedicate substantially all of his or her business time and efforts to the performance of his or her duties as our executive officers, except that Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes are permitted to spend a portion of their time and efforts assisting the general partner of Phoenix Fund in the performance of its duties to Phoenix Fund.

 

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The employment agreements provide for, among other things:

 

   

an annual base salary of $500,000 for each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, $325,000 for Mr. Koumriqian and $225,000 for each of Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter, subject to future increases from time to time at the discretion of our Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee;

 

   

eligibility for annual cash performance bonuses based on the satisfaction of performance goals to be established by the Compensation Committee;

 

   

participation in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and any subsequent equity incentive plans approved by our Board of Directors and stockholders; and

 

   

participation in any group life, hospitalization or disability insurance plans, health programs, pension and profit sharing plans, relocation programs and similar benefits that may be available to our other senior executive officers.

 

Each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes has a target annual cash performance bonus equal to 100% of his or her annual base salary, subject to approval of any such bonus by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. Mr. Koumriqian has a target annual cash performance bonus equal to 75% of his annual base salary and each of Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter has a target annual cash performance bonus equal to 60% of his or her annual base salary; in each case actual bonuses will be determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors in its discretion. Upon commencing his employment with our company, Mr. Koumriqian received a one-time grant of 5,000 LTIP units that will vest ratably on each of the first three anniversaries of their date of grant.

 

In addition, the employment agreements of Mr. Schmitz, Ms. Hawkes and Mr. Koumriqian provide for bonuses relating to the registration and listing or the public issuance of our common stock. Each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes is entitled to be paid a special cash bonus of $250,000 if, by April 30, 2013, we file with the SEC a shelf registration statement relating to the registration of the shares sold in our initial private offering for resale in accordance with the terms set forth in the registration rights agreements that we entered into upon completion of our initial private offering, and each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes is entitled to be paid an additional special cash bonus of $250,000 if, prior to October 29, 2013 (or 60 days later if deferred as a result of our completion of our initial public offering prior to October 29, 2013), the shares sold in our initial private offering have become registered with the SEC and become listed on a national securities exchange. When the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part is declared effective by the SEC and this offering is completed, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes will earn these bonuses. Upon completion of this offering, we will grant Mr. Koumriqian a number of LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock, at his election, equal to the lesser of (i) 10% of the number of shares added to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan as a result of our follow-on private offering in December 2012, our private placement in January 2013 and this offering and (ii) the number of shares having an aggregate market value of $1.1 million based on the price to public of our common stock sold in this offering. These LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock will vest ratably on each of the first three anniversaries of their date of grant.

 

Under the terms of their respective employment agreements, our executive officers are entitled to receive long-term disability coverage equal to 75% of the executive officer’s annual base salary and group life insurance coverage with a face amount equal to $1,000,000. We pay the premiums on all primary or supplemental disability and supplemental life insurance policies provided for the benefit of our executive officers and their designated beneficiaries, and the value of these premiums is treated as taxable income to the executive officer.

 

If we terminate the executive officer’s employment for “cause,” the executive officer will be entitled to receive his or her annual base salary and other benefits that have been earned and accrued prior to the date of termination and reimbursement of expenses incurred prior to the date of termination. “Cause” is defined as any of the following events:

 

   

the executive’s conviction for (or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to) any felony or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude;

 

   

the executive’s indictment for any felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, if such indictment is not discharged or otherwise resolved within 18 months;

 

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the executive’s commission of an act of fraud, theft, dishonesty or breach of fiduciary duty related to our company or the performance of the executive’s duties under the executive’s employment agreement;

 

   

the continuing failure or habitual neglect by the executive to perform the executive’s duties, except that, if such failure or neglect is curable, the executive shall have 30 days from his or her receipt of a notice of such failure or neglect to cure such condition and, if the executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of our Board of Directors (such cure opportunity being available only once), then such failure or neglect will not constitute cause;

 

   

any violation by the executive of the restrictive covenants set forth in the employment agreement except that, if such violation is not willful and is curable, the executive will first have 30 days from his or her receipt of notice of such violation to cure such condition and, if the executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of our Board of Directors, such violation will not constitute cause; or

 

   

the executive’s material breach of the employment agreement, except that, if such breach is curable, the executive shall first have 30 days from his or her receipt of such notice of such breach to cure such breach and, if the executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of our Board of Directors, such breach will not constitute cause.

 

If the executive officer resigns without “good reason,” the executive officer will be entitled to receive his or her annual base salary and other benefits that have been earned and accrued prior to the date of resignation and reimbursement of expenses incurred prior to the date of resignation. “Good reason” is defined as any of the following events:

 

   

any material diminution in the executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities (including without limitation the assignment of duties inconsistent with his or her position, or a significant adverse alteration of the nature or status of his or her responsibilities, or a significant adverse alteration of the conditions of his or her employment), including, in the case of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, any failure of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to nominate the executive for re-election to our Board of Directors at any annual meeting of our stockholders while the executive serves as our Chief Executive Officer or President and Chief Operating Officer, respectively, provided that, at the time of each annual meeting, (1) if the executive is unable to perform his or her duties due to a disability or other incapacity, it is reasonably certain that the executive will be able to resume his or her duties on a regular full-time basis prior to such time as the executive’s employment may be terminated by us due to disability, (2) we have not notified the executive of our intention to terminate the executive’s employment for cause and (3) the executive has not notified us of his or her intention to resign from his or her position of Chief Executive Officer or President and Chief Operating Officer, respectively;

 

   

in the case of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, any material diminution in the title, authority, duties, or responsibilities of the supervisor to whom the executive is required to report, specifically including, a requirement that the executive report to a corporate officer or employee instead of reporting directly to our Board of Directors, or any or significant adverse change of the supervisor to whom the executive is required to report (including assignment to a new supervisor which results in a material adverse alteration of the nature or conditions of executive’s employment) and, in the case of Mr. Koumriqian, any requirement that he report to a corporate officer or employee other than the President and Chief Operating Officer and/or the Chief Executive Officer of our company;

 

   

after there has occurred a “change in control” (as defined in the employment agreement), any of the following has occurred: (1) a duplication with other company personnel of the executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities; (2) a significant adverse alteration of the budget over which the executive retains authority; or (3) a duplication with other company personnel of the title, authority, duties, or responsibilities of the supervisor to whom the executive is required to report, specifically including a requirement that the executive report to a corporate officer or employee instead of reporting directly to our Board of Directors;

 

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any material reduction of the executive’s annual salary;

 

   

our material breach of the employment agreement; or

 

   

a determination by us to relocate our corporate headquarters to a new location that is more than 50 miles from the current address of our corporate headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona.

 

Notwithstanding the forgoing, the executive will not be deemed to have terminated the employment agreement for good reason unless: (1) the executive terminates the agreement no later than six months following the initial existence of the event or condition which is the basis for such termination (it being understood that each instance of any such event shall constitute a separate basis for such termination and a separate event or condition occurring on the date of such instance for purposes of calculating the six-month period); and (2) the executive provides to us a written notice of the existence of the event or condition which is the basis for the termination within 60 days following the initial existence of such event or condition, and we fail to remedy such event or condition within 30 days following the receipt of such notice.

 

If we terminate the executive officer’s employment without cause, the executive officer resigns for good reason or if we elect not to renew the employment agreement and the executive resigns within 90 days after receipt of the non-renewal notice, the executive officer will be entitled to the severance benefits described below. The severance benefits include the following:

 

   

In each case, the executive officer will be entitled to receive his or her annual base salary and other benefits that have been earned and accrued prior to the date of termination, reimbursement of expenses incurred prior to the date of termination and any cash or equity bonus compensation that has been earned and accrued prior to the date of termination.

 

   

In the event we terminate the executive officer’s employment without cause or if the executive officer resigns for good reason, the executive officer will be entitled to receive a cash payment in an amount equal to the sum of (1) the executive officer’s then-current annual base salary, plus (2) the greater of the annual cash bonus compensation most recently earned (whether or not paid) and the average annual cash bonus compensation actually paid for the last three full fiscal years, which sum will be multiplied by three for each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes and by one for each of Mr. Koumriqian, Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter. In the event we elect not to renew the executive officer’s employment agreement and the executive officer elects to resign within 90 days after receipt of the notice of non-renewal, the foregoing sum will be multiplied by two for each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes and one for each of Mr. Koumriqian, Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter.

 

   

We will reimburse the COBRA premium under our major medical health and dental plan for up to 18 months after termination, and, in each case, the executive officer and his or her dependents will be entitled to receive continuing coverage under health, dental, disability and life insurance benefit plans at the same cost as payable by our other executives for a period of 18 months after the executive officer’s termination. We will have no obligation to provide these continuing benefits if the executive officer becomes entitled to receive them from another employer.

 

   

In each case, all equity awards granted to the executive officer under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan or any subsequent equity incentive plan approved by our Board of Directors will immediately vest, any forfeiture restrictions will immediately lapse and any target bonus performance criteria for the year in which such termination occurs will be treated as satisfied and, in the case of any options, will become vested and exercisable or, at the discretion of our Board of Directors, may be cashed out or cancelled.

 

Each employment agreement provides that the executive officer or his or her estate is entitled to certain benefits in the event of his death or disability. Specifically, each executive officer, or in the event of the executive officer’s death, his or her beneficiaries, will be entitled to receive:

 

   

the executive officer’s annual salary and other benefits that are earned and accrued under the employment agreement and the applicable benefit plans prior to the date of termination;

 

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any cash or equity bonus compensation that has been earned and accrued prior to the date of termination;

 

   

immediate vesting of any unvested equity incentive awards, with any applicable performance criteria for the year in which such death or disability occurs being treated as satisfied, and any options will become vested and exercisable or, at the discretion of our Board of Directors, be cashed out or cancelled;

 

   

reimbursement for and/or continuing coverage under our benefit plans for a period of 18 months after the executive officer’s termination; and

 

   

reimbursement for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination.

 

The employment agreements provide that, if a “change in control” (as defined in the employment agreements) occurs, all equity awards granted to the executive officer under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and any subsequent equity incentive plans approved by our Board of Directors will immediately vest (and the performance criteria will be treated as satisfied) and, if applicable, become exercisable.

 

The employment agreements also contain standard confidentiality provisions, which apply indefinitely and non-competition and non-solicitation provisions which apply during the term of the employment agreement and for one year following the executive officer’s termination under certain circumstances.

 

Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, have shared the same residence for the last six years.

 

Vesting of Long-Term Equity Incentive Awards

 

The terms of the time-based LTIP unit awards granted to each of the executive officers and the event-based LTIP unit awards granted to Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes provide that:

 

   

upon termination of the executive’s employment with our company because of his or her death or disability, the unvested awards vest;

 

   

upon resignation of the executive for good reason, the unvested awards vest;

 

   

upon termination of the executive’s employment with our company without cause, the unvested awards vest; and

 

   

upon termination of the executive’s employment with our company, any awards that are not vested on or before the date of termination are forfeited.

 

The time-based and event-based LTIP unit awards granted to Mr. Schmitz, Ms. Hawkes and Mr. Koumriqian also provide that the unvested awards vest upon the executive’s resignation within 90 days after receipt of notice from our company that the executive’s employment agreement will not be renewed. The time-based LTIP unit awards granted to Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter also provide that the unvested awards will vest upon a change in control (as defined in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan).

 

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Termination Payment Table

 

The following table indicates the cash amounts, accelerated vesting and other payments and benefits that the named executive officers would be entitled to receive under various circumstances pursuant to the terms of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, the agreements governing awards made under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and their employment agreements. The table assumes that termination of the named executive officer from the Company under the scenario shown occurred on December 31, 2012.

 

Name and Termination Scenario

   Cash
Payment (1)
    Acceleration of
Vesting of Long-
Term Equity
Incentive Awards (2)
     Excise Tax
Gross-Up
Payments (3)
     Total  

Stephen G. Schmitz —Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

          

For Cause or Without Good Reason

                              

Upon Death or Disability

          $ 3,735,172               $ 3,735,172   

For Good Reason or Without Cause

   $ 3,000,000      $ 3,735,172               $ 6,735,172   

Non-Renewal

   $ 2,000,000      $ 3,735,172               $ 5,735,172   

Laurie A. Hawkes —President and Chief Operating Officer

          

For Cause or Without Good Reason

                              

Upon Death or Disability

          $ 3,735,172               $ 3,735,172   

For Good Reason or Without Cause

   $ 3,000,000      $ 3,735,172               $ 6,735,172   

Non-Renewal

   $ 2,000,000      $ 3,735,172               $ 5,735,172   

Shant Koumriqian —Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

          

For Cause or Without Good Reason

                              

Upon Death or Disability

          $ 85,000               $ 85,000   

For Good Reason or Without Cause

   $ 568,750      $ 85,000               $ 653,750   

Non-Renewal

   $ 568,750      $ 85,000               $ 653,750   

Andrew G. Kent —Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary

          

For Cause or Without Good Reason

                              

Upon Death or Disability

          $ 255,000               $ 255,000   

For Good Reason or Without Cause

     (4)    $ 255,000               $ 255,000   

Non-Renewal

     (4)    $ 255,000               $ 255,000   

Lani B Porter —Senior Vice President, Operations

          

For Cause or Without Good Reason

                              

Upon Death or Disability

          $ 195,000               $ 195,000   

For Good Reason or Without Cause

     (5)    $ 195,000               $ 195,000   

Non-Renewal

     (5)    $ 195,000               $ 195,000   

 

(1)   This column assumes that there was neither accrued but unpaid salary or bonus compensation nor expense reimbursements unpaid as of December 31, 2012. An executive who is entitled to receive a cash severance payment is also entitled to reimbursement for up to 18 months of COBRA coverage (which is not reflected in this column).
(2)   Amounts in this column reflect accelerated vesting of awards of LTIP units granted pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan that were outstanding at December 31, 2012. For information regarding the assumptions made in the valuation of our equity awards, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
(3)  

Our executive officers are not entitled to indemnification for any change in control excise tax liability. Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan provides that our executives will receive either (a) all promised “parachute” payments (with the executive responsible for paying any excise tax) or (b) reduced benefits equal to the

 

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  maximum amount that can be paid without excise tax liability, whichever provides the greater after-tax benefit to the executive.
(4)   No amount is included because Mr. Kent’s employment agreement became effective after the assumed termination date for this table. If his employment agreement had been effective on December 31, 2012 or earlier, this amount would have been $354,502.
(5)   No amount is included because Ms. Porter’s employment agreement became effective after the assumed termination date for this table. If her employment agreement had been effective on December 31, 2012 or earlier, this amount would have been $358,452.

 

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Prior to completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, our Board of Directors adopted, and our two stockholders of record approved, our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan to attract and retain independent directors, executive officers and other key employees and service providers, including officers and employees of our affiliates. Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase shares of our common stock, stock awards, stock appreciation rights, performance units, incentive awards and other equity-based awards (including LTIP units).

 

Administration of our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee, except that our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will be administered by our Board of Directors with respect to awards made to directors who are not employees. This summary uses the term “administrator” to refer to the Compensation Committee or our Board of Directors, as applicable. The administrator approves all terms of awards under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. The administrator also approves who will receive grants under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and the number of shares of our common stock subject to each grant.

 

Eligibility

 

All of our employees and employees of our affiliates and our independent directors are eligible to receive grants under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. In addition, individuals who provide significant services to us or an affiliate, including individuals who provide services to us or an affiliate by virtue of employment with, or providing services to, our operating partnership, may receive grants under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

Share Authorization

 

Prior to completion of this offering and after giving effect to outstanding awards, the aggregate number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan equals 863,586 shares, which equals 4.687325% of the total number of shares of our common stock that we issued and sold in our initial private offering, our follow-on private offering and our direct private placement. We refer to that percentage as the “Plan Percentage.” The number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will be increased by multiplying the Plan Percentage by the total number of shares sold in any subsequent public or private offering of our common stock, including this offering, subject to a maximum of 1,500,000 shares.

 

In connection with stock splits, dividends, recapitalizations and certain other events, our Board of Directors will make equitable adjustments that it deems appropriate in the aggregate number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and the terms of outstanding awards.

 

If any options or stock appreciation rights terminate, expire or are canceled, forfeited, exchanged or surrendered without having been exercised or are paid in cash without delivery of common stock or if any stock awards, performance units or other equity-based awards are forfeited, the shares of our common stock subject to such awards will again be available for purposes of our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Shares of our common stock tendered or withheld to satisfy the exercise price or for tax withholding are not available for future grants under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

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Prior to completion of this offering, we have granted a total of 522,297 awards, in the form of LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock, under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, and 341,289 shares remain available for future issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan before giving effect to the increase in the number of available shares that will result from this offering. In connection with this offering, we will issue LTIP units having an aggregate value of $8.75 million to our named executive officers under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, we will issue              LTIP units to these executives; the actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in this offering. In lieu of receiving LTIP units, one of our executives may elect to receive up to $1.1 million of this award in the form of a like number restricted shares of our common stock.

 

Options

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the grant of incentive stock options (under Section 422 of the Code) and options that do not qualify as incentive stock options. The exercise price of each option will be determined by the administrator, provided that the price cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of the shares of our common stock on the date on which the option is granted (or 110% of the shares’ fair market value on the grant date in the case of an incentive stock option granted to an individual who is a “ten percent stockholder” under Sections 422 and 424 of the Code). Except for adjustments to equitably reflect stock splits, stock dividends or similar events, the exercise price of an outstanding option may not be reduced without the approval of our stockholders. The exercise price for any option is generally payable (1) in cash, (2) by certified check, (3) by the surrender of shares of our common stock (or attestation of ownership of shares of our common stock) with an aggregate fair market value on the date on which the option is exercised, equal to the exercise price, or (4) by payment through a broker in accordance with procedures established by the Federal Reserve Board. The term of an option cannot exceed ten years from the date of grant (or five years in the case of an incentive stock option granted to a “ten percent stockholder”). Incentive stock options may only be granted to our employees and employees of our subsidiaries.

 

Stock Awards

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan also provides for the grant of stock awards. A stock award is an award of shares of our common stock that may be subject to restrictions on transfer and other restrictions as the administrator determines in its sole discretion on the date of grant. The restrictions, if any, may lapse over a specified period of time or through the satisfaction of conditions, in installments or otherwise, as the administrator may determine. A participant who receives a stock award will have all of the rights of a stockholder as to those shares, including, without limitation, voting rights and rights to receive distributions. During the period, if any, when stock awards are non-transferable or forfeitable, (1) a participant is prohibited from selling, transferring, pledging, exchanging, hypothecating or otherwise disposing of his or her stock award shares, (2) we will retain custody of the certificates and (3) a participant must deliver a stock power to us for each stock award.

 

Stock Appreciation Rights

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the grant of stock appreciation rights. A stock appreciation right provides the recipient with the right to receive, upon exercise of the stock appreciation right, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of the two. The amount that the recipient will receive upon exercise of the stock appreciation right generally will equal the excess of the fair market value of the shares of our common stock on the date of exercise over the shares’ fair market value on the date of grant. Stock appreciation rights will become exercisable in accordance with terms determined by the Compensation Committee. Stock appreciation rights may be granted in tandem with an option grant or as independent grants. The term of a stock appreciation right cannot exceed ten years from the date of grant or five years in the case of a stock appreciation right granted in tandem with an incentive stock option awarded to a “ten percent stockholder.”

 

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Performance Units

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan also authorizes the grant of performance units. Performance units represent the participant’s right to receive an amount, based on the value of a specified number of shares of our common stock, if performance goals established by the administrator are met. The administrator will determine the applicable performance period, the performance goals and such other conditions that apply to the performance unit. Performance goals may relate to our financial performance or the financial performance of our operating partnership, the participant’s performance or such other criteria determined by the administrator. If the performance goals are met, performance units will be paid in cash, shares of our common stock, other securities or property or a combination thereof.

 

Incentive Awards

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan also authorizes the Compensation Committee to make incentive awards. An incentive award entitles the participant to receive a payment if certain requirements are met. The Compensation Committee will establish the requirements that must be met before an incentive award is earned and the requirements may be stated with reference to one or more performance measures or criteria prescribed by the Compensation Committee. A performance goal or objective may be expressed on an absolute basis or relative to the performance of one or more similarly situated companies or a published index and may be adjusted for unusual or non-recurring events, changes in applicable tax laws or accounting principles. An incentive award that is earned will be settled in a single payment which may be in cash, common stock or a combination of cash and common stock.

 

Other Equity-Based Awards

 

The administrator may grant other types of stock-based awards as other equity-based awards under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, including LTIP units. Other equity-based awards are payable in cash, shares of our common stock or shares or units of such other equity, or a combination thereof, as determined by the administrator. The terms and conditions of other equity-based awards are determined by the administrator.

 

LTIP units are a special class of partnership interest in our operating partnership. Each LTIP unit awarded will be deemed equivalent to an award of one share of our common stock under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, reducing the plan’s share authorization for other awards on a one-for-one basis. We will not receive a tax deduction for the value of any LTIP units granted to our employees. The vesting period for any LTIP units, if any, will be determined at the time of issuance. LTIP units, whether vested or not, will receive the same quarterly per unit distributions as OP units, which distributions will generally equal per-share distributions on shares of our common stock. This treatment with respect to quarterly distributions is similar to the expected treatment of our stock awards, which will generally receive full dividends whether vested or not. Initially, LTIP units will not have full parity with OP units with respect to liquidating distributions. Under the terms of the LTIP units, our operating partnership will revalue its assets upon the occurrence of certain specified events, and any increase in our operating partnership’s valuation from the time of grant until such event will be allocated first to the holders of LTIP units to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of OP unitholders. Upon equalization of the capital accounts of the holders of LTIP units with the other holders of OP units, the LTIP units will achieve full parity with OP units for all purposes, including with respect to liquidating distributions. If such parity is reached, vested LTIP units may be converted into an equal number of OP units at any time, and thereafter enjoy all the rights of OP units, including redemption/exchange rights. However, there are circumstances under which such parity would not be reached. Until and unless such parity is reached, the value that a holder of LTIP units will realize for a given number of vested LTIP units will be less than the value of an equal number of shares of our common stock.

 

Dividend Equivalents

 

The administrator may grant dividend equivalents in connection with the grant of performance units and other equity-based awards. Dividend equivalents may be paid currently or accrued as contingent cash obligations (in which case they may be deemed to have been reinvested in shares of our common stock or otherwise

 

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reinvested) and may be payable in cash, shares of our common stock or other property or a combination of the two. The administrator will determine the terms of any dividend equivalents.

 

Change in Control

 

If we experience a change in control, the administrator may, at its discretion, provide that outstanding options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, performance units, incentive awards or other equity-based awards that are not exercised prior to the change in control will be assumed by the surviving entity, or will be replaced by a comparable substitute award of substantially equal value granted by the surviving entity. The administrator may also provide that outstanding options and stock appreciation rights will be fully exercisable upon the change in control, restrictions and conditions on outstanding stock awards will lapse upon the change in control and performance units, incentive awards or other equity-based awards will become earned and nonforfeitable in their entirety. The administrator may also provide that participants must surrender their outstanding options and stock appreciation rights, stock awards, performance units, incentive awards and other equity based awards in exchange for a payment, in cash or shares of our common stock or other securities or consideration received by stockholders in the change in control transaction, equal to the value received by stockholders in the change in control transaction (or, in the case of options and stock appreciation rights, the amount by which that transaction value exceeds the exercise price).

 

In summary, a change of control under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan occurs if:

 

   

a person, entity or affiliated group (with certain exceptions) acquires, in a transaction or series of transactions, more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock on a fully diluted basis or the total combined voting power of our outstanding securities;

 

   

there occurs a merger, consolidation, reorganization or business combination, unless the holders of our voting securities immediately prior to such transaction have more than 50% of the combined voting power of the securities in the successor entity or its parent;

 

   

we sell or dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; or

 

   

incumbent directors cease to be a majority of our Board of Directors.

 

The Code has special rules that apply to “parachute payments,” i.e., compensation or benefits the payment of which is contingent upon a change in control. If certain individuals receive parachute payments in excess of a safe harbor amount prescribed by the Code, the payor is denied a federal income tax deduction for a portion of the payments, and the recipient must pay a 20% excise tax, in addition to income tax, on a portion of the payments.

 

If we experience a change in control, benefits provided under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan could be treated as parachute payments. In that event, our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan provides that the plan benefits, and all other parachute payments provided under other plans and agreements, will be reduced to the safe harbor amount, i.e., the maximum amount that may be paid without excise tax liability or loss of deduction, if the reduction allows the recipient to receive greater after-tax benefits. The benefits under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and other plans and agreements will not be reduced, however, if the recipient will receive greater after-tax benefits (taking into account the 20% excise tax payable by the recipient) by receiving the total benefits.

 

Amendment; Termination

 

Our Board of Directors may amend or terminate our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan at any time, provided that no amendment may adversely impair the rights of participants under outstanding awards. Our stockholders must approve any amendment if such approval is required under applicable law or stock exchange requirements. Our stockholders also must approve, among other things, any amendment that materially increases the benefits accruing to participants under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, materially increases the aggregate number of

 

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shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (other than on account of stock dividends, stock splits, other changes in capitalization or increases by the Plan Percentage in connection with offerings of our common stock, in each case, as described above) or materially modifies the requirements as to eligibility for participation in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Unless terminated sooner by our Board of Directors or extended with stockholder approval, our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will terminate on the day before the tenth anniversary of the date our Board of Directors adopted our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

 

The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock and shares of our common stock issuable upon redemption of OP units (without giving effect to the 12-month restriction on redemption applicable to OP units) and LTIP units, as of the date of this prospectus, by (1) each of our named executive officers, (2) each of our directors, (3) all of our executive officers and directors as a group and (4) each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of five percent or more of shares of our common stock.

 

The SEC has defined “beneficial ownership” of a security to mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of voting power and/or investment power over such security. In computing the number of shares and OP units beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of our common stock subject to options or other rights held by that person that are exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days after the date of this prospectus, are deemed outstanding, while such shares are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing percentage ownership of any other person. Each person named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to all of the shares of our common stock and OP units shown as beneficially owned by such person, except as otherwise set forth in the notes to the table. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each named person is c/o American Residential Properties, Inc., 7047 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 350, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254.

 

Name of Beneficial Owner

   Number of Shares
and OP Units
Beneficially Owned
    Percentage of All
Shares (1)
    Percentage of All
Shares and OP Units
Beneficially Owned (2)
 

Stephen G. Schmitz

     550,461 (3)                    

Laurie A. Hawkes

     550,461 (3)                    

Shant Koumriqian

     16,500        *        *   

Andrew G. Kent

     16,000        *        *   

Lani B Porter

     12,000        *        *   

Douglas N. Benham

     3,720        *        *   

David M. Brain

     3,720        *        *   

Keith R. Guericke

     3,720        *        *   

Todd W. Mansfield

     2,500        *        *   

All directors and executive officers as a group
(9 persons)

     1,159,082                     

Anchorage Capital Master Offshore, Ltd. (4)

     3,509,362                     

Kendall Family Investments, LLC (5)

     1,800,000                     

 

*   Represents less than 1%.
(1)   Assumes              shares of our common stock are outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. In addition, amounts shown for individuals assume that all OP units and LTIP units held by the person are exchanged for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. The total number of shares of our common stock outstanding used in calculating this percentage assumes that none of the OP units or LTIP units held by other persons are exchanged for shares of our common stock.
(2)   Assumes a total of              shares of our common stock, OP units and LTIP units are outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. OP units may be redeemed for cash or, at our election, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis as described in “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement.” Initially, LTIP units will not have full parity with OP units with respect to liquidating distributions. Under the terms of the LTIP units, our operating partnership will revalue its assets upon the occurrence of certain specified events, and any increase in our operating partnership’s valuation from the time of grant until such event will be allocated first to the holders of LTIP units to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of OP unitholders. Upon equalization of the capital accounts of the holders of LTIP units with the other holders of OP units, the LTIP units will achieve full parity with OP units for all purposes, including with respect to liquidating distributions. If such parity is reached, vested LTIP units may be converted into an equal number of OP units at any time, and thereafter enjoy all the rights of OP units, including redemption/exchange rights. However, there are circumstances under which such parity would not be reached.

 

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(3)   Includes:
  (a)   500 shares of our common stock issued and sold in connection with our initial capitalization to each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes;
  (b)   150,000 shares of our common stock owned by Phoenix Fund. ARP Phoenix Fund I GP, LLC is the general partner of Phoenix Fund and exercises voting and dispositive power over these shares. Each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes owns a 50% membership interest in ARP Phoenix Fund I GP, LLC. Accordingly, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes share voting and dispositive power over these shares. Except to the extent of their pecuniary interest in Phoenix Fund, each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares;
  (c)   175,000 OP units owned by ARM, which is jointly owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes. Accordingly, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes share dispositive power over these OP units. Except to the extent of their pecuniary interest in ARM, each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes disclaims beneficial ownership of these OP units; and
  (d)   224,961 LTIP units issued to each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes.
(4)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by Anchorage Capital Master Offshore, Ltd. is exercised by Anthony Davis and Kevin Ulrich. The address of the stockholder is 610 Broadway, 6 th Floor, New York, New York 10012.

(5)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by Kendall Family Investments, LLC is exercised by Louis M. Bacon. The address of the stockholder is 1251 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020.

 

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Pursuant to a contribution and sale agreement between our operating partnership and ARM, an entity jointly owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, entered into on May 11, 2012 upon completion of our initial private offering, our operating partnership issued an aggregate of 175,000 OP units to ARM, having an aggregate value of $3,500,000 based on the offering price per share of our common stock in our initial private offering, as consideration for the contribution by ARM of substantially all of ARM’s assets to our operating partnership. All of these OP units were fully vested upon the contribution of the ARM assets, but one-half of these OP units are subject to transfer restrictions that will lapse upon the earlier of the registration and the listing on a national securities exchange of the shares sold in our initial private offering, a change in control of our company or the third anniversary of the completion date of our initial private offering. Our operating partnership also assumed various contracts and liabilities of ARM, hired all of ARM’s employees in connection with the contribution transaction and purchased certain ARM assets for an aggregate of approximately $85,000 in cash. We did not conduct arm’s-length negotiations with respect to the terms of the contribution by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes of the ARM assets to our operating partnership. In the course of structuring these transactions, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes had the ability to influence the type and level of benefits that they received from us.

 

On May 11, 2012, upon completion of our initial private offering and the contribution to our operating partnership of the ARM assets as described above, our TRS entered into a cancelable sub-management agreement with ARM pursuant to which, from May 11, 2012 through February 11, 2013, our TRS provided services to ARM to enable ARM to perform its obligations under the management agreement between ARM and Phoenix Fund. These services included property restoration, leasing, management and disposition services with respect to the properties owned by Phoenix Fund. These were essentially the same services that the ARM employees whom we hired in connection with the contribution transaction referenced above provide to us with respect to our self-managed properties. Under the sub-management agreement, ARM was required to reimburse our TRS for the actual expenses incurred by our TRS to perform its obligations under the sub-management agreement, plus a fee in an amount equal to 1.0% of the gross rental revenue earned by Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by ARM. For the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, ARM paid a management fee to us of $238,000. ARM in turn earned a property management fee equal to 6.0% of Phoenix Fund’s gross rental revenue under the management agreement between ARM and Phoenix Fund. In order to simplify the relationships among these parties, on February 11, 2013, ARM, Phoenix Fund and our TRS terminated these arrangements, and our TRS entered into a management agreement directly with Phoenix Fund, pursuant to which our TRS provides the same services to Phoenix Fund for a fee in an amount equal to 6.0% of the gross rental revenue received by Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by our TRS. ARM no longer receives any fees from Phoenix Fund. The general partner of Phoenix Fund is ARP Phoenix Fund I GP, LLC, or Phoenix Fund GP, which is owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes. Phoenix Fund GP earns fees for providing acquisition, investment analysis, day-to-day management and administrative services to Phoenix Fund. Phoenix Fund GP is also entitled to out-performance distributions after the limited partners receive a return of their invested capital and a pre-defined return on investment. Phoenix Fund GP is not entitled to be paid disposition fees upon the sale of the properties. To date, Phoenix Fund has made no distributions or dispositions.

 

Phoenix Fund purchased 150,000 shares of our common stock in our initial private offering at the offering price without payment of any initial purchaser’s discount or placement fee. We granted Phoenix Fund the same registration rights with respect to the shares of our common stock it purchased that other investors in our initial private offering received. We will bear expenses incident to the registration of these shares.

 

Upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, we granted an aggregate of 474,922 LTIP units under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan to certain of our executive officers and independent directors.

 

Upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, we entered into employment agreements with Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating

 

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Officer and a member of our Board of Directors. In April 2013, we amended and restated those employment agreements and entered into employment agreements with Mr. Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, and Ms. Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations. See “Management—Employment Agreements.”

 

Upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012 (and in Mr. Mansfield’s case, upon his joining our Board of Directors in April 2013), we entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors under which we are required to indemnify our directors against claims and liabilities that they incur as a result of their service to us as directors, subject to certain exceptions.

 

Each holder of OP units, including ARM, which is jointly owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, have certain registration rights. See “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement—Redemption Rights.”

 

In November 2012, we granted an aggregate of 29,000 LTIP units under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan to Mr. Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, and Ms. Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations.

 

We have adopted a written policy for the review and approval of related person transactions requiring disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. This policy, which is part of the charter of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, provides that that committee is responsible for reviewing and approving or disapproving all interested transactions, meaning any transaction, arrangement or relationship in which (1) the amount involved may be expected to exceed $120,000 in any fiscal year, (2) our company or one of our subsidiaries will be a participant and (3) a related person has a direct or indirect material interest. A related person is defined as an executive officer, director or nominee for election as director, or a greater than 5% beneficial owner of our common stock, or an immediate family member of the foregoing. The policy may deem certain interested transactions to be pre-approved.

 

In April 2013, we granted 2,500 LTIP units to Mr. Mansfield upon his joining our Board of Directors.

 

In connection with this offering, we will issue LTIP units having an aggregate value of $8.75 million to our named executive officers under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. The actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in this offering. Based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, we will issue              LTIP units to these executives. In lieu of receiving LTIP units, one of our executives may elect to receive up to $1.1 million of this award in the form of a like number restricted shares of our common stock.

 

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SELLING STOCKHOLDER

 

The following table sets forth information, as of April 21, 2013, with respect to the selling stockholder and shares of our common stock beneficially owned by the selling stockholder that the selling stockholder proposes to offer pursuant to this prospectus. In accordance with SEC rules, the listed person’s beneficial ownership includes:

 

   

all shares the investor actually owns beneficially or of record;

 

   

all shares over which the investor has or shares voting or dispositive control (such as in the capacity as a general partner of an investment fund); and

 

   

all shares the investor has the right to acquire within 60 days (such as upon exercise of options that are currently vested or which are scheduled to vest within 60 days or warrants that are immediately exercisable or exercisable within 60 days). The shares issuable under those options are treated as if they were outstanding for computing the percentage ownership of the person holding those options but are not treated as if they were outstanding for purposes of computing percentage ownership of any other person.

 

The shares of our common stock offered by the selling stockholder pursuant to this prospectus were originally issued and sold by us in connection with our initial private offering in May 2012. The term selling stockholder includes the holder of our common stock listed below and the beneficial owner of the common stock and the beneficial owner’s transferees, pledgees, donees or other successors.

 

Percentage ownership calculations are based on 18,424,857 shares of our common stock outstanding as of January 31, 2013. To our knowledge, except as indicated in the footnote to the following table and under applicable community property laws, the entity identified in the table below has sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares of our common stock shown as beneficially owned by the beneficial owner.

 

Name of Beneficial Owner

   Shares of Our Common
Stock Beneficially Owned
Before the Offering
     Number of Shares
of Our Common
Stock to Be Sold in
the Offering
     Shares of Our Common
Stock Beneficially Owned
After the Offering
 
   Shares      Percentage         Shares      Percentage  

HighVista I Limited Partnership (1)

     500         *         500                
              
              
              

 

*   Represents less than 1%.
(1)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by HighVista I Limited Partnership is exercised by Andre Perold. The address of the stockholder is 200 Clarendon Street, 50th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02116.

 

Except as indicated above, the selling stockholder does not have, and has not had since our inception, any position, office or other material relationship with us or any of our affiliates.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

 

The following is a summary of the material terms of our capital stock and of certain provisions in our charter and bylaws. For a complete description, you are urged to review in their entirety our charter and our bylaws, which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and applicable Maryland law. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

 

General

 

Our charter provides that we may issue up to 600,000,000 shares of our stock, consisting of 500,000,000 shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and up to 100,000,000 shares of our preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. Our charter authorizes our Board of Directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire board and without any action on the part of our stockholders, to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock or the number of authorized shares of stock of any class or series without stockholder approval. As of the date of this prospectus, we had              outstanding shares of our common stock and no outstanding shares of our preferred stock. Under Maryland law, stockholders generally are not liable for a corporation’s debts or obligations.

 

Common Stock

 

Subject to the preferential rights, if any, of holders of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, holders of our common stock:

 

   

have the right to receive ratably any distributions from funds legally available therefor, when, as and if authorized by our Board of Directors and declared by us; and

 

   

are entitled to share ratably in the assets of our company legally available for distribution to the holders of our common stock in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs.

 

There are generally no redemption, sinking fund, conversion, preemptive or appraisal rights with respect to our common stock.

 

Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock and except as may otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of stock, each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors, and, except as may be provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of such shares will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of our directors, and directors will be elected by a plurality of all the votes cast in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election, and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.

 

Power to Reclassify and Issue Stock

 

Our Board of Directors may classify any unissued shares of preferred stock, and reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock or any previously classified but unissued shares of preferred stock into other classes or series of stock, including one or more classes or series of stock that have priority over our common stock with respect to voting rights or distributions or upon liquidation, and authorize us to issue the newly classified shares. Prior to the issuance of shares of each class or series, our Board of Directors is required by the MGCL and our charter to set, subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each such class or series. These actions can be taken without stockholder approval, unless stockholder approval is required by applicable law, the terms

 

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of any other class or series of our stock or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our stock may be then listed or quoted.

 

Power to Increase or Decrease Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Our Common and Preferred Stock

 

Our charter authorizes our Board of Directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire board, to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock or the number of authorized shares of stock of any class or series without stockholder approval. We believe that the power of our Board of Directors to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause us to issue such shares of stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The additional classes or series, as well as the additional shares of stock, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law, the terms of any other class or series of stock or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our Board of Directors does not intend to do so, it could authorize us to issue a class or series that could, depending upon the terms of the particular class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interests.

 

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

 

In order to qualify as a REIT under the Code, our shares of stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, not more than 50% of the value of our outstanding shares of capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made).

 

Because our Board of Directors believes it is at present in our best interests for us to qualify as a REIT, our charter, subject to certain exceptions, contains restrictions on the number of our shares of stock that a person may own. Our charter provides that, subject to certain exceptions, no person may beneficially or constructively own more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock, or the Ownership Limit.

 

Our charter also prohibits any person from:

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning or transferring shares of our capital stock if such ownership or transfer would result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a year);

 

   

transferring shares of our capital stock if such transfer would result in our capital stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons, effective beginning on the date on which we first have 100 stockholders;

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning shares of our capital stock to the extent such beneficial or constructive ownership would cause us to constructively own 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant (other than a taxable REIT subsidiary) of our real property within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code; or

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning or transferring shares of our capital stock if such beneficial or constructive ownership or transfer would otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code.

 

Our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt (prospectively or retroactively) a person from the 9.8% ownership limit and other restrictions in our charter and may establish or increase an excepted holder

 

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percentage limit for such person if our Board of Directors obtains such representations, covenants and undertakings as it deems appropriate in order to conclude that granting the exemption and/or establishing or increasing the excepted holder percentage limit will not cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. Our Board of Directors may require a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance satisfactory to our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, in order to determine or ensure our status as a REIT.

 

Any attempted transfer of shares of our capital stock which, if effective, would violate any of the restrictions described above will result in the number of shares of our capital stock causing the violation (rounded up to the nearest whole share) to be automatically transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries, except that any transfer that results in the violation of the restriction relating to shares of our capital stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons will be void ab initio . In either case, the proposed transferee will not acquire any rights in those shares. The automatic transfer will be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the purported transfer or other event that results in the transfer to the trust. Shares held in the trust will be issued and outstanding shares. The proposed transferee will not benefit economically from ownership of any shares held in the trust, will have no rights to dividends or other distributions and will have no rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares held in the trust. The trustee of the trust will have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares held in the trust. These rights will be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the charitable beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to our discovery that shares have been transferred to the trust will be paid by the recipient to the trustee upon demand. Any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid will be paid when due to the trustee. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the trustee will be held in trust for the charitable beneficiary. Subject to Maryland law, the trustee will have the authority (1) to rescind as void any vote cast by the proposed transferee prior to our discovery that the shares have been transferred to the trust and (2) to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee will not have the authority to rescind and recast the vote.

 

Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that shares of our stock have been transferred to the trust, the trustee will sell the shares to a person, designated by the trustee, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the above ownership and transfer limitations. Upon the sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the proposed transferee and to the charitable beneficiary as follows. The proposed transferee will receive the lesser of (1) the price paid by the proposed transferee for the shares or, if the proposed transferee did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the trust (e.g., a gift, devise or other similar transaction), the market price (as defined in our charter) of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the trust and (2) the price per share received by the trustee (net of any commission and other expenses of sale) from the sale or other disposition of the shares. The trustee may reduce the amount payable to the proposed transferee by the amount of dividends and other distributions that have been paid to the proposed transferee and are owed by the proposed transferee to the trustee. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the proposed transferee will be paid immediately to the charitable beneficiary. If, prior to our discovery that shares of our stock have been transferred to the trust, the shares are sold by the proposed transferee, then (1) the shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and (2) to the extent that the proposed transferee received an amount for the shares that exceeds the amount he or she was entitled to receive, the excess shall be paid to the trustee upon demand.

 

In addition, shares of our stock held in the trust will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (1) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer to the trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at the time of the devise or gift) and (2) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accept the offer, which we may reduce by the amount of dividends and distributions that have been paid to the proposed transferee and are owed by the proposed transferee to the trustee. We will have the right to accept the offer until the trustee has sold the shares. Upon a sale to us, the

 

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interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the proposed transferee.

 

If a transfer to a charitable trust, as described above, would be ineffective for any reason to prevent a violation of a restriction, the transfer that would have resulted in a violation will be void ab initio , and the proposed transferee shall acquire no rights in those shares.

 

Any certificate representing shares of our capital stock, and any notices delivered in lieu of certificates with respect to the issuance or transfer of uncertificated shares, will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above. We do not expect to issue certificates representing shares of our capital stock.

 

Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our capital stock that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on ownership and transfer, or any person who would have owned shares of our capital stock that resulted in a transfer of shares to a charitable trust, is required to give written notice immediately to us, or in the case of a proposed or attempted transaction, to give at least 15 days’ prior written notice, and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect of the transfer on our status as a REIT. The foregoing restrictions on ownership and transfer will not apply if our Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions is no longer necessary in order for us to qualify as a REIT.

 

Every owner of more than 5% (or any lower percentage as required by the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder) in number or value of the outstanding shares of our capital stock, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, is required to give us written notice, stating his or her name and address, the number of shares of each class and series of shares of our capital stock that he or she beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which the shares are held. Each of these owners must provide us with additional information that we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of his or her beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the ownership limits. In addition, each stockholder will upon demand be required to provide us with information that we may request in good faith in order to determine our status as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine our compliance.

 

These ownership limitations could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for shares of our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

We have retained American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.

 

Registration Rights

 

The purchasers of common stock in our initial private offering and our follow-on private offering are entitled to the benefits of registration rights agreements between us and the initial purchaser and placement agent in those offerings, acting for itself and for the benefit of the investors in those offerings, the forms of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

Under the registration rights agreements, we agreed, at our expense, to use our commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC as soon as reasonably practicable but in no event later than April 30, 2013 a shelf registration statement registering for resale the registrable shares (as defined in the registration rights agreements) plus any additional shares of our common stock issued in respect thereof whether by stock dividend, stock distribution, stock split, or otherwise. We refer to this registration statement as the “resale shelf registration

 

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statement.” We are obligated to use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the resale shelf registration statement to be declared effective by the SEC as soon as practicable but in any event prior to October 29, 2013.

 

If, by April 30, 2013, we have not filed the resale shelf registration statement, other than as a result of the SEC being unable to accept such filings, then each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, if employed by us and owed a bonus with respect to services performed in 2012, will forfeit 50% of their annual and/or discretionary bonus that otherwise would be payable to him or her with respect to services performed in 2012, and shall thereafter forfeit an additional 10% of that bonus for each complete calendar month such default continues after April 30, 2013, whether under an employment agreement with us, a bonus plan or any other bonus arrangement, until the shelf registration statement is filed. No bonuses, compensation, awards, equity compensation or other amounts will be payable or granted in lieu of or to make Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes whole for any such forfeited bonuses.

 

In addition, if, prior to October 29, 2013, either (1) a shelf registration statement for the resale of the registrable shares has not been declared effective by the SEC and we have not completed an initial public offering of our common stock pursuant to a registration statement filed for that purpose or (2) our common stock has not been listed for trading on a national securities exchange, then the registration rights agreements and our bylaws require that we hold a special meeting of our stockholders for the purpose of considering and voting on the removal of our directors then in office and electing the successors of any directors so removed, unless the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote thereon (other than shares held by our executive officers) consent to a waiver or deferral of the requirement that we hold the special meeting.

 

All holders of the shares of our common stock sold in our initial private offering in May 2012 and each of their respective direct and indirect transferees may elect to participate in this offering as selling stockholders, subject to:

 

   

execution of a customary underwriting agreement; completion and execution of any questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, custody agreements, securities escrow agreements and other documents, including opinions of counsel, reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting agreement; and provision to us of such information as we may reasonably request in writing for inclusion in the registration statement;

 

   

compliance with the registration rights agreement in connection with our initial private offering;

 

   

cutback rights on the part of the underwriters; and

 

   

other conditions and limitations that may be imposed by the underwriters.

 

The holders of the shares of our common stock sold in our follow-on private offering in December 2012 and in the direct private placement in January 2013, and each of their respective direct and indirect transferees, do not have the right to elect to participate in this offering as selling stockholders.

 

The selling stockholder has agreed with us not to directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell, grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of our common stock (other than the shares the selling stockholder is selling in this offering) for 180 days after the date of this prospectus. We have agreed not to waive or otherwise modify this agreement without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of this offering.

 

We will agree to indemnify the selling stockholder for certain violations of federal or state securities laws in connection with any registration statement in which such selling stockholder sells its shares of our common stock pursuant to these registration rights.

 

The preceding summary of certain provisions of the registration rights agreements is not intended to be complete, and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the registration rights agreements, the forms of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

 

General

 

Upon completion of this offering, we will have              shares of our common stock outstanding (assuming the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters in this offering to purchase up to an additional              shares is not exercised). Of the total shares of our common stock to be outstanding upon completion of this offering,              shares, all of which were issued in connection with our initial capitalization, grants of restricted shares of our common stock, our initial private offering in May 2012, our follow-on private offering in December 2012 or our direct private placement in January 2013, will be “restricted” securities under the meaning of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act and may not be sold in the absence of registration under the Securities Act unless an exemption from registration is available, including exemptions contained in Rule 144. We intend to file a resale shelf registration statement to register the common stock sold in our initial private offering, our follow-on private offering and our direct private placement. See “Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights.”

 

Rule 144

 

In general, under Rule 144, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is not an affiliate of ours and has not been one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned the restricted securities proposed to be sold for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than an affiliate, is entitled to sell his or her securities without registration and without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. In addition, under Rule 144, once we have been subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act for at least 90 days, a person (or persons whose securities are aggregated) who is not an affiliate of ours and has not been one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding a sale, may sell his or her securities without registration, subject to the continued availability of current public information about us after only a six-month holding period. Any sales by affiliates under Rule 144, even after the applicable holding periods, are subject to requirements and/or limitations with respect to volume, manner of sale, notice and the availability of current public information about us.

 

No assurance can be given as to the likelihood that an active trading market for our common stock will develop, the liquidity of any such market, the ability of our stockholders to sell their shares or the prices that our stockholders may obtain for any of their shares. No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares of our common stock, or the availability of shares of our common stock for future sale, will have on the market price prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our securities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock.”

 

For a description of certain restrictions on transfers of our common stock held by certain of our stockholders, see “Underwriting.”

 

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

In connection with our initial private offering in May 2012, we adopted our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. As of the date of this prospectus, a total of 522,297 LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock have been granted to our officers, employees and directors, and 341,289 shares remain available for future issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. In connection with this offering, we will issue              LTIP units having an aggregate value of $8.75 million to our named executive officers under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. The actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in this offering. Based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, we will issue              LTIP units to these executives. In lieu of receiving LTIP units, one of our

 

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executives may elect to receive up to $1.1 million of this award in the form of a like number restricted shares of our common stock. Upon completion of this offering, the number of shares of our common stock that will be available for issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will increase by an amount equal to 4.687325% of the number of shares sold in this offering, subject to a maximum increase of 636,414 additional shares. The number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will be increased by multiplying the total number of shares sold in any subsequent public or private offering of our common stock by 4.687325%, subject to an aggregate maximum of 1,500,000 shares.

 

Upon completion of this offering, we expect to have              shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. For a description of our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, see “Management—2012 Equity Incentive Plan.”

 

LTIP units, which are a class of partnership units in our operating partnership, may be converted into OP units upon achieving economic parity with the OP units. If such parity is reached, LTIP units whose forfeiture restrictions, if any, have lapsed may be converted into an equal number of OP units at any time, and thereafter enjoy all rights of OP units. See “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement—LTIP Units.”

 

OP Units

 

In connection with our formation transactions, upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, our operating partnership issued an aggregate of 175,000 OP units to the former property manager of Phoenix Fund, an entity jointly owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, having an aggregate value of $3,500,000 based on the offering price per share of common stock in our initial private offering, as consideration for the contribution by the former property manager of substantially all of its assets to our operating partnership. All of these OP units were fully vested upon issuance, but one-half are subject to transfer restrictions that will lapse upon the earlier of the registration and listing on a national securities exchange of the shares sold in our initial private offering, a change in control of our company or the third anniversary of the completion date of our initial private offering.

 

In general, beginning 12 months after the date of issuance, OP units whose forfeiture restrictions, if any, have lapsed are redeemable by limited partners of our operating partnership (other than us) for cash or, at our election, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. For more information, see “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement—Redemption Rights.”

 

We have granted registration rights to those persons who have received or will receive shares of our common stock issuable upon redemption of OP units. See “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement—Registration Rights.”

 

Lock-Up Periods

 

For a description of certain lock-up periods, see “Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights” and “Underwriting.”

 

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CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS

 

Our Board of Directors

 

Our charter and bylaws provide that the number of directors of our company will not be less than the minimum number required under the MGCL, which is one, and, unless our bylaws are amended, not more than fifteen, and the number of directors of our company may be increased or decreased pursuant to our bylaws by a vote of the majority of our entire Board of Directors. Our charter provides that, at such time as we become eligible to elect to be subject to Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL and subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred stock and subject to the rights of stockholders to fill any vacancy that results from the removal of a director at a special election meeting as described above under the caption “Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights,” any vacancy may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies.

 

Pursuant to our charter and bylaws, each member of our Board of Directors is elected by our stockholders to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Holders of shares of our common stock will have no right to cumulative voting in the election of directors, and directors will be elected by a plurality of all the votes cast in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock will be able to elect all of our directors.

 

Removal of Directors

 

In general, our charter provides that, subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred stock to elect or remove one or more directors, a director may be removed only for cause (as defined in our charter) and only by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. Except as described below, this provision, when coupled with the exclusive power of our Board of Directors to fill vacant directorships, may preclude stockholders from removing incumbent directors except for cause and by a substantial affirmative vote and filling the vacancies created by such removal with their own nominees.

 

As described above under the caption “Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights,” we may be required by the registration rights agreements and our bylaws to hold a special meeting of our stockholders for the purpose of considering and voting on the removal of our directors then in office and electing the successors of any directors so removed (a special election meeting) unless the requirement is waived or deferred in accordance with the registration rights agreements and our bylaws. At a special election meeting, a director may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors.

 

Business Combinations

 

Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder (i.e., any person (other than the corporation or any subsidiary) who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock after the date on which the corporation first had 100 or more beneficial owners of its stock, or an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding stock of the corporation after the date on which the corporation first had 100 or more beneficial owners of its stock) or an affiliate of an interested stockholder, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder. Thereafter, any such business combination between the

 

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Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of such corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (1) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation and (2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. The board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance with any terms and conditions determined by it.

 

As permitted by the MGCL, our Board of Directors has adopted a resolution exempting any business combination between us and any other person from the provisions of this statute, provided that the business combination is first approved by our Board of Directors (including a majority of directors who are not affiliates or associates of such persons). However, our Board of Directors may repeal or modify this resolution at any time in the future, in which case the applicable provisions of this statute will become applicable to business combinations between us and interested stockholders.

 

Control Share Acquisitions

 

The MGCL provides that holders of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, excluding votes cast by (1) the person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition, (2) an officer of the corporation or (3) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (1) one-tenth or more but less than one-third; (2) one-third or more but less than a majority; or (3) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

 

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel the board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

 

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.

 

The control share acquisition statute does not apply to, among other things: (1) shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction; or (2) acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

 

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Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any acquisition by any person of shares of our stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

 

Maryland Unsolicited Takeovers Act

 

Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions of the MGCL which provide, respectively, that:

 

   

the corporation’s board of directors will be divided into three classes;

 

   

the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes cast in the election of directors generally is required to remove a director;

 

   

the number of directors may be fixed only by vote of the directors;

 

   

a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors and that directors elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and

 

   

the request of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting is required for stockholders to require the calling of a special meeting of stockholders.

 

Without our having elected to be subject to Subtitle 8, our charter and bylaws already (1) require the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors to remove a director from our Board of Directors, (2) vest in our Board of Directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directors, by vote of a majority of the entire board, and (3) require, unless called by the Chairman of our Board of Directors, our President, our Chief Executive Officer or our Board of Directors, the request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting to call a special meeting. Our charter provides that, at such time as we become eligible to make the election provided for under Subtitle 8, vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, and directors elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Our Board of Directors is not currently classified. In the future, our Board of Directors may elect, without stockholder approval, to classify our Board of Directors or elect to be subject to any of the other provisions of Subtitle 8.

 

Meetings of Stockholders

 

Pursuant to our bylaws, an annual meeting of our stockholders for the purpose of the election of directors and the transaction of any business will be held on a date and at the time and place set by our Board of Directors. Each of our directors is elected by our stockholders to serve until the next annual meeting and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies under Maryland law. The next annual meeting of our stockholders after completion of this offering will be held in 2013. In addition, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, our President or our Board of Directors may call a special meeting of our stockholders. Subject to the provisions of our bylaws, a special meeting of our stockholders to act on any matter that may properly be considered by our stockholders will also be called by our secretary upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting on such matter, accompanied by the information required by our bylaws. Our Secretary will inform the requesting stockholders of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing the notice of meeting (including our proxy materials), and the requesting stockholder must pay such estimated cost before our Secretary may prepare and mail the notice of the special meeting.

 

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Charter Amendments and Extraordinary Transactions

 

Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the corporation’s charter. Our charter generally provides that charter amendments requiring stockholder approval must be declared advisable by our Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, our charter’s provisions regarding the removal of directors and restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock may be amended only if such amendment is declared advisable by our Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast not less than two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. In addition, because operating assets may be held by a corporation’s subsidiaries, as in our situation, one of our subsidiaries could transfer all of its assets without any vote of our stockholders.

 

Bylaws Amendments

 

Except as described below, our Board of Directors has the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws and to make new bylaws.

 

Pursuant to our bylaws, we are required to hold a special meeting of our stockholders for the purpose of considering and voting on the removal of our directors then in office and electing the successors of any directors so removed (a special election meeting) if, prior to October 29, 2013, the resale shelf registration statement we are required to file with the SEC pursuant to the registration rights agreements has not been declared effective by the SEC and either (1) we have not completed an initial public offering of our common stock or (2) the shares sold in this offering have not been listed for trading on a national securities exchange. The provisions in our bylaws relating to a special election meeting and the amendment thereof may not be amended without the affirmative vote or written or electronic consent of holders of at least 75% of the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote thereon (other than shares held by our executive officers).

 

Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business

 

Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to our Board of Directors and the proposal of other business to be considered by our stockholders at an annual meeting of stockholders may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) by or at the direction of our Board of Directors or (3) by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting on the election of the individual so nominated or such other business and who has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws, including a requirement to provide certain information about the stockholder and its affiliates and the nominee or business proposal, as applicable.

 

With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to our Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected only (1) by or at the direction of our Board of Directors or (2) provided that the special meeting has been properly called for the purpose of electing directors, by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting on the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws, including a requirement to provide certain information about the stockholder and its affiliates and the nominee.

 

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Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Charter and Bylaws

 

Our charter and bylaws and Maryland law contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change in control or other transaction that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders, including:

 

   

business combination provisions;

 

   

supermajority vote and cause requirements for removal of directors;

 

   

requirement that stockholders holding at least a majority of our outstanding common stock must act together to make a written request before our stockholders can require us to call a special meeting of stockholders;

 

   

provisions that vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by the remaining directors for the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred;

 

   

the power of our Board of Directors to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock or the number of shares of any class or series of stock;

 

   

the power of our Board of Directors to cause us to issue additional shares of stock of any class or series and to fix the terms of one or more classes or series of stock without stockholder approval;

 

   

the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock; and

 

   

advance notice requirements for director nominations and stockholder proposals.

 

Likewise, if the resolution opting out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL were repealed or the provision in the bylaws opting out of the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL were rescinded, these provisions of the MGCL could have similar anti-takeover effects.

 

Limitation of Directors’ and Officers’ Liability and Indemnification

 

The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from (1) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (2) active and deliberate dishonesty that is established by a final judgment and is material to the cause of action. Our charter contains a provision that eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

 

Our charter and bylaws provide for indemnification of our officers and directors against liabilities to the maximum extent permitted by the MGCL, as amended from time to time.

 

The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:

 

   

the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;

 

   

the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or

 

   

in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.

 

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However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon its receipt of:

 

   

a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and

 

   

a written undertaking by the director or officer or on the director’s or officer’s behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director or officer did not meet the standard of conduct.

 

Our charter authorizes us, and our bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of such a proceeding to:

 

   

any present or former director or officer of our company who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or

 

   

any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at our request, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, trustee, member or manager of another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity.

 

Our charter and bylaws also permit us to indemnify and advance expenses to any individual who served our predecessor in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of our company or our predecessor.

 

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers that provide for indemnification and advance of expenses to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

 

Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 

REIT Qualification

 

Our charter provides that our Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.

 

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OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AND THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

 

The following summary of the terms of the agreement of limited partnership of our operating partnership does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Agreement of Limited Partnership of our operating partnership.

 

Management

 

A wholly owned subsidiary of our company is the sole general partner of our operating partnership, which we organized as a Delaware limited partnership. We conduct substantially all of our operations and make substantially all of our investments through our operating partnership. Pursuant to the partnership agreement, we have full, exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in the management and control of our operating partnership, including the ability to cause our operating partnership to enter into certain major transactions including acquisitions, dispositions, refinancings and selection of tenants, to make distributions to partners and to cause changes in our operating partnership’s business activities.

 

The partnership agreement requires that our operating partnership be operated in a manner that enables us to satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT, to avoid any federal income or excise tax liability imposed by the Code (other than any federal income tax liability associated with our retained capital gains) and to ensure that the partnership will not be classified as a “publicly-traded partnership” taxable as a corporation under Section 7704 of the Code.

 

Transferability of Interests

 

We may not voluntarily withdraw from our operating partnership or transfer or assign our interest in our operating partnership or engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets in a transaction which results in a change of control of our company unless:

 

   

we receive the consent of limited partners holding more than 50% of the partnership interests of the limited partners (other than those held by our company or its subsidiaries);

 

   

as a result of such transaction, all limited partners will receive for each partnership unit an amount of cash, securities or other property equal or substantially equivalent in value to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid in the transaction to a holder of one share of our common stock, provided that if, in connection with the transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, each holder of partnership units shall be given the option to exchange its partnership units for an amount of cash, securities or other property equal or substantially equivalent in value to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property that a limited partner would have received had it (1) exercised its redemption right (described below) and (2) sold, tendered or exchanged pursuant to the offer shares of our common stock received upon exercise of the redemption right immediately prior to the expiration of the offer; or

 

   

we are the surviving entity in the transaction and either (1) our stockholders do not receive cash, securities or other property in the transaction or (2) all limited partners (other than our company or our subsidiaries) receive for each partnership unit an amount of cash, securities or other property equal or substantially equivalent in value to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property received in the transaction by our stockholders.

 

We also may merge with or into or consolidate with another entity if immediately after such merger or consolidation (1) substantially all of the assets of the successor or surviving entity, other than partnership units held by us, are contributed, directly or indirectly, to the partnership as a capital contribution in exchange for partnership units with a fair market value equal to the value of the assets so contributed as determined by the

 

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survivor in good faith and (2) the survivor expressly agrees to assume all of our obligations under the partnership agreement and the partnership agreement shall be amended after any such merger or consolidation so as to arrive at a new method of calculating the amounts payable upon exercise of the redemption right that approximates the existing method for such calculation as closely as reasonably possible.

 

We also may (1) transfer all or any portion of our general partnership interest to (a) a wholly owned subsidiary or (b) a parent company or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company, and following such transfer may withdraw as the general partner and (2) engage in a transaction required by law or by the rules of any national securities exchange on which shares of our common stock are listed.

 

We also may (1) merge or consolidate our operating partnership with or into any other domestic or foreign partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company or corporation or (2) sell all or substantially all of the assets of our operating partnership, and may amend the partnership agreement in connection with any such transaction, if we receive the consent of limited partners holding more than 50% of the partnership interests of the limited partners (other than those held by our company or its subsidiaries).

 

Capital Contribution

 

We will contribute, directly, to our operating partnership substantially all of the net proceeds from this offering as capital contribution in exchange for OP units. The partnership agreement provides that if our operating partnership requires additional funds at any time in excess of funds available to our operating partnership from borrowing or capital contributions, we may borrow such funds from a financial institution or other lender and lend such funds to our operating partnership on the same terms and conditions as are applicable to our borrowing of such funds. Under the partnership agreement, we are obligated to contribute the net proceeds of any future offering of shares as additional capital to our operating partnership. If we contribute additional capital to our operating partnership, we will receive additional partnership units and our percentage interest will be increased on a proportionate basis based upon the amount of such additional capital contributions and the value of our operating partnership at the time of such contributions. Conversely, the percentage interests of the limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis in the event of additional capital contributions by us. In addition, if we contribute additional capital to our operating partnership, we will revalue the property of our operating partnership to its fair market value (as determined by us) and the capital accounts of the partners will be adjusted to reflect the manner in which the unrealized gain or loss inherent in such property (that has not been reflected in the capital accounts previously) would be allocated among the partners under the terms of the partnership agreement if there were a taxable disposition of such property for its fair market value (as determined by us) on the date of the revaluation. Our operating partnership may issue preferred partnership interests, in connection with acquisitions of property or otherwise, which could have priority over OP units with respect to distributions from our operating partnership, including the OP units we own as the general partner.

 

Redemption Rights

 

Pursuant to the partnership agreement, beginning one year after the issuance of any OP units, limited partners (other than us) have redemption rights, which enable them to cause our operating partnership to redeem their OP units in exchange for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. The cash redemption amount per unit is based on the market price of our common stock at the time of redemption. The number of shares of our common stock issuable upon redemption of limited partnership interests held by limited partners may be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain events such as share dividends, share subdivisions or combinations. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a limited partner will not be entitled to exercise its redemption rights if the delivery of common stock to the redeeming limited partner would:

 

   

result in any person owning, directly or indirectly, common stocks in excess of the Ownership Limit;

 

   

result in our common stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution);

 

   

result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code;

 

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cause us to own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant (other than a taxable REIT subsidiary) of ours, our operating partnership’s or a subsidiary partnership’s real property, within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code;

 

   

cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code; or

 

   

cause the acquisition of common stock by such redeeming limited partner to be “integrated” with any other distribution of common stock for purposes of complying with the registration provisions of the Securities Act.

 

We may, in our sole and absolute discretion, waive any of these restrictions.

 

Partnership Expenses

 

In addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by our operating partnership, our operating partnership generally will pay all of our administrative costs and expenses, including:

 

   

all expenses relating to our continuity of existence and our subsidiaries’ operations;

 

   

all expenses relating to offerings and registration of securities;

 

   

all expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any of our periodic or other reports and communications under federal, state or local laws or regulations;

 

   

all expenses associated with our compliance with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body; and

 

   

all of our other operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary course of business on behalf of our operating partnership.

 

These expenses, however, do not include any of our administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred that are attributable to residential properties that are owned by us directly rather than by our operating partnership or its subsidiaries.

 

Fiduciary Responsibilities

 

Our directors and officers have duties under applicable Maryland law to manage us in a manner consistent with our best interests. At the same time, we, through our wholly owned subsidiary, the general partner of our operating partnership, will have fiduciary duties to manage our operating partnership in a manner beneficial to our operating partnership and its partners. Our duties, through our wholly owned subsidiary, as general partner to our operating partnership and its limited partners, therefore, may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our stockholders. We will be under no obligation to give priority to the separate interests of the limited partners of our operating partnership or our stockholders in deciding whether to cause our operating partnership to take or decline to take any actions.

 

The limited partners of our operating partnership expressly will acknowledge that as the general partner of our operating partnership, our wholly owned subsidiary is acting for the benefit of our operating partnership, the limited partners and our stockholders collectively.

 

Distributions

 

The partnership agreement provides that our operating partnership will distribute cash from operations (including net sale or refinancing proceeds, but excluding net proceeds from the sale of our operating partnership’s property in connection with the liquidation of our operating partnership) at such time and in such

 

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amounts as determined by us in our sole discretion, to us and the limited partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in our operating partnership.

 

Upon liquidation of our operating partnership, after payment of, or adequate provision for, debts and obligations of the partnership, including any partner loans, any remaining assets of the partnership will be distributed to us and the limited partners with positive capital accounts in accordance with their respective positive capital account balances.

 

LTIP Units

 

In general, LTIP units are a class of partnership units in our operating partnership and will receive the same quarterly per unit distributions as outstanding OP units. Initially, each LTIP unit will have a capital account balance of zero and, therefore, will not have full parity with OP units with respect to liquidating distributions. However, the partnership agreement provides that “book gain,” or economic appreciation, in our assets realized by our operating partnership as a result of the actual sale of all or substantially all of our operating partnership’s assets or the revaluation of our operating partnership’s assets as provided by applicable U.S. Department of Treasury regulations, or Treasury Regulations, will be allocated first to the LTIP unit holders until the capital account per LTIP unit is equal to the average capital account per-unit of our OP units. The partnership agreement provides that our operating partnership’s assets will be revalued upon the occurrence of certain events, specifically additional capital contributions by us or other partners, the redemption of a partnership interest, a liquidation (as defined in the Treasury Regulations) of our operating partnership or the issuance of a partnership interest (including LTIP units) to a new or existing partner as consideration for the provision of services to, or for the benefit of, our operating partnership. We expect to revalue the assets of our operating partnership in connection with our contribution of the net proceeds from this offering to our operating partnership.

 

Upon equalization of the capital accounts of the LTIP unit holders with the average per-unit capital account of our OP units, the LTIP units will achieve full parity with the OP units for all purposes, including with respect to liquidating distributions. If such parity is reached, vested LTIP units may be converted into an equal number of OP units at any time, and thereafter enjoy all the rights of OP units. If a sale or revaluation of assets occurs at a time when our operating partnership’s assets have appreciated sufficiently since the last revaluation, the LTIP units would achieve full parity with the OP units upon such sale or revaluation. In the absence of sufficient appreciation in the value of our operating partnership’s assets at the time of a sale or revaluation, full parity would not be reached.

 

Consequently, an LTIP unit may never become convertible because the value of our operating partnership’s assets has not appreciated sufficiently between revaluation dates to equalize capital accounts. Until and unless parity is reached, the value for a given number of vested LTIP units will be less than the value of an equal number of shares of our common stock.

 

Allocations

 

Profits and losses of the partnership (including depreciation and amortization deductions) for each fiscal year generally will be allocated to us and the other limited partners in accordance with the respective percentage interests in the partnership. Notwithstanding the foregoing, our operating partnership will allocate gain on the sale of all or substantially all of its assets first to holders of LTIP units and will, upon the occurrence of certain specified events, revalue its assets with any net increase in valuation allocated first to the LTIP units, in each case to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the average capital account per unit of the general partner’s OP units. All of the foregoing allocations are subject to compliance with the provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Code and Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder. To the extent Treasury Regulations promulgated pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Code permit, we, as the sole member of the general partner, shall have the authority to elect the method to be used by our operating partnership for allocating items with respect to

 

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contributed property acquired in connection with this offering for which fair market value differs from the adjusted tax basis at the time of contribution, and such election shall be binding on all partners.

 

Term

 

Our operating partnership will continue indefinitely, or until sooner dissolved upon:

 

   

our bankruptcy, dissolution, removal or withdrawal (unless the limited partners elect to continue the partnership);

 

   

the passage of 90 days after the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the partnership;

 

   

the redemption of all partnership units (other than those held by us, if any); or

 

   

an election by us in our capacity as the general partner.

 

Registration Rights

 

Our operating partnership’s limited partners (other than us and our subsidiaries) will have the right to require our operating partnership to redeem part or all of their OP units for cash, or, at our election, shares of our common stock. We have granted registration rights to those persons who will receive shares of our common stock issuable upon redemption of OP units. These registration rights require us to seek to register all such shares of our common stock approximately 12 months after issuance of such OP units. Our operating partnership will bear expenses incident to these registration requirements. However, neither we nor our operating partnership will bear the costs of (1) any underwriting discounts or commissions or (2) any fees or expenses incurred by holders of such shares of our common stock in connection with such registration that we or our operating partnership are not permitted to pay according to the rules of any regulatory authority.

 

Tax Matters

 

The partnership agreement provides that our wholly owned subsidiary, as the sole general partner of our operating partnership, is the tax matters partner of our operating partnership and, as such, has authority to handle tax audits and to make tax elections under the Code on behalf of our operating partnership.

 

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MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

This section summarizes the material federal income tax considerations that you, as a stockholder, may consider relevant in connection with the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock. Hunton & Williams LLP has acted as our counsel, has reviewed this summary, and is of the opinion that the discussion contained herein is accurate in all material respects. Because this section is a summary, it does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular stockholders in light of their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to certain types of stockholders that are subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as:

 

   

insurance companies;

 

   

tax-exempt organizations (except to the limited extent discussed in “—Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders” below);

 

   

financial institutions or broker-dealers;

 

   

non-U.S. individuals and foreign corporations (except to the limited extent discussed in “—Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders” below);

 

   

U.S. expatriates;

 

   

persons who mark-to-market our common stock;

 

   

subchapter S corporations;

 

   

U.S. stockholders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;

 

   

regulated investment companies and REITs;

 

   

trusts and estates;

 

   

holders who receive our common stock through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation;

 

   

persons holding our common stock as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “synthetic security” or other integrated investment;

 

   

persons subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Code; and

 

   

persons holding our common stock through a partnership or similar pass-through entity.

 

This summary assumes that stockholders hold shares as capital assets for federal income tax purposes, which generally means property held for investment.

 

The statements in this section are not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice. The statements in this section are based on the Code, current, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations, the legislative history of the Code, current administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS, and court decisions. The reference to IRS interpretations and practices includes the IRS practices and policies endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS except with respect to the taxpayer that receives the ruling. In each case, these sources are relied upon as they exist on the date of this discussion. Future legislation, Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions could change the current law or adversely affect existing interpretations of current law on which the information in this section is based. Any such change could apply retroactively. We have not received any rulings from the IRS concerning our qualification as a REIT. Accordingly, even if there is no change in the applicable law, no assurance can be provided that the statements made in the following discussion, which do not bind the IRS or the courts, will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if so challenged.

 

WE URGE YOU TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND SALE OF OUR COMMON

 

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STOCK AND OF OUR ELECTION TO BE TAXED AS A REIT. SPECIFICALLY, YOU ARE URGED TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN, AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP, SALE AND ELECTION, AND REGARDING POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS.

 

Taxation of Our Company

 

We were formed in March 2012 as a Maryland corporation. We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012 upon filing our federal income tax return for that year. We believe that, commencing with such short taxable year, we have been organized and have operated in such a manner as to qualify as a REIT under the federal income tax laws, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurances can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. This section discusses the laws governing the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders. These laws are highly technical and complex.

 

In connection with this offering, Hunton & Williams LLP will render an opinion that we qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012, and our current and proposed method of operations will enable us to continue to satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for our taxable year ending December 31, 2013 and subsequent taxable years. Investors should be aware that Hunton & Williams LLP’s opinion will be based upon customary assumptions, will be conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our assets and the conduct of our business, is not binding upon the IRS, or any court and speaks as of the date issued. In addition, Hunton & Williams LLP’s opinion will be based on existing federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT will depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual results, certain qualification tests set forth in the federal income tax laws. Those qualification tests involve the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that fall within specified categories, the diversity of our capital stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. Hunton & Williams LLP will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. Hunton & Williams LLP’s opinion does not foreclose the possibility that we may have to use one or more of the REIT savings provisions described below, which would require us to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be material) in order for us to maintain our REIT qualification. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to qualify as a REIT, see “—Failure to Qualify.”

 

If we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. The benefit of that tax treatment is that it avoids the “double taxation,” or taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels, that generally results from owning stock in a corporation. However, we will be subject to federal tax in the following circumstances:

 

   

We will pay federal income tax on any taxable income, including undistributed net capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders during, or within a specified time period after, the calendar year in which the income is earned.

 

   

We may be subject to the “alternative minimum tax” on any items of tax preference including any deductions of net operating losses.

 

   

We will pay income tax at the highest corporate rate on:

 

   

net income from the sale or other disposition of property acquired through foreclosure (“foreclosure property”) that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, and

 

   

other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property.

 

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We will pay a 100% tax on net income from sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.

 

   

If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below under “—Gross Income Tests,” and nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT because we meet other requirements, we will pay a 100% tax on:

 

   

the gross income attributable to the greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, in either case, multiplied by

 

   

a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.

 

   

If we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income required to be distributed from earlier periods, we will pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of (a) the amount we actually distributed and (b) the amounts we retained and upon which we paid income tax at the corporate level.

 

   

We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, a stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain (to the extent that we made a timely designation of such gain to the stockholders) and would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid.

 

   

We will be subject to a 100% excise tax on transactions with our TRS, or any taxable REIT subsidiaries we form in the future, that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.

 

   

If we fail to satisfy any of the asset tests, other than a de minimis failure of the 5% asset test, the 10% vote test or 10% value test, as described below under “—Asset Tests,” as long as the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we file a description of each asset that caused such failure with the IRS, and we dispose of the assets causing the failure or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify such failure, we will pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest federal income tax rate then applicable to U.S. corporations (currently 35%) on the net income from the non-qualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.

 

   

If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, and such failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.

 

   

If we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or a corporation that generally is subject to full corporate- level tax, in a merger or other transaction in which we acquire a basis in the asset that is determined by reference either to the C corporation’s basis in the asset or to another asset, we will pay tax at the highest regular corporate rate applicable if we recognize gain on the sale or disposition of the asset during the 10-year period after we acquire the asset provided no election is made for the transaction to be taxable on a current basis. The amount of gain on which we will pay tax is the lesser of:

 

   

the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or disposition, and

 

   

the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold the asset at the time we acquired it.

 

   

We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet record-keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of a REIT’s stockholders, as described below in “—Recordkeeping Requirements.”

 

   

The earnings of our lower-tier entities that are subchapter C corporations, including our TRS and any taxable REIT subsidiaries we form in the future, will be subject to federal corporate income tax.

 

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In addition, notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we may also have to pay certain state and local income taxes because not all states and localities treat REITs in the same manner that they are treated for federal income tax purposes. Moreover, as further described below, our TRS and any other taxable REIT subsidiaries we form in the future will be subject to federal, state and local corporate income tax on their taxable income.

 

Requirements for Qualification

 

A REIT is a corporation, trust, or association that meets each of the following requirements:

 

  1.   It is managed by one or more trustees or directors.

 

  2.   Its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest.

 

  3.   It would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for the REIT provisions of the federal income tax laws.

 

  4.   It is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to special provisions of the federal income tax laws.

 

  5.   At least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its shares or ownership certificates.

 

  6.   Not more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares or ownership certificates is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, which the Code defines to include certain entities, during the last half of any taxable year.

 

  7.   It elects to be a REIT, or has made such election for a previous taxable year, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status.

 

  8.   It meets certain other qualification tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions to stockholders.

 

  9.   It uses a calendar year for federal income tax purposes and complies with the recordkeeping requirements of the federal income tax laws.

 

We must meet requirements 1 through 4, 8 and 9 during our entire taxable year and must meet requirement 5 during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Requirements 5 and 6 will apply to us beginning with our 2013 taxable year. If we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining the ownership of our outstanding shares in a taxable year and have no reason to know that we violated requirement 6, we will be deemed to have satisfied requirement 6 for that taxable year. For purposes of determining stock ownership under requirement 6, an “individual” generally includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation, or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. An “individual,” however, generally does not include a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust under the federal income tax laws, and beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as holding our shares in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of requirement 6.

 

Our charter provides restrictions regarding the transfer and ownership of shares of our capital stock. See “Description of Capital Stock—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.” We believe that we will have issued sufficient stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 above. The restrictions in our charter are intended (among other things) to assist us in continuing to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 above. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to satisfy such share ownership requirements. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, our qualification as a REIT may terminate.

 

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Qualified REIT Subsidiaries

 

A corporation that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary” is not treated as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. All assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a “qualified REIT subsidiary” are treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the REIT. A “qualified REIT subsidiary” is a corporation, other than a taxable REIT subsidiary, all of the stock of which is owned by the REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described herein, any “qualified REIT subsidiary” that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of such subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit.

 

Other Disregarded Entities and Partnerships

 

An unincorporated domestic entity, such as a limited liability company that has a single owner, generally is not treated as an entity separate from its owner for federal income tax purposes. An unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners is generally treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership that has other partners, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. Our proportionate share for purposes of the 10% value test (see “—Asset Tests”) is based on our proportionate interest in the equity interests and certain debt securities issued by the partnership. For all of the other asset and income tests, our proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the capital interests in the partnership. Our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, and items of income of any partnership, joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we acquire an equity interest, directly or indirectly, is treated as our assets and gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT qualification requirements.

 

We have control of our operating partnership and intend to control any subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies, and we intend to operate them in a manner consistent with the requirements for our qualification as a REIT. We may from time to time be a limited partner or non-managing member in some of our partnerships and limited liability companies. If a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a gross income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we were entitled to relief, as described below.

 

Taxable REIT Subsidiaries

 

A REIT may own up to 100% of the shares of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a fully taxable corporation that may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. The subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A corporation of which a taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the securities will automatically be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. We are not treated as holding the assets of a taxable REIT subsidiary or as receiving any income that the taxable REIT subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to us is an asset in our hands, and we treat the distributions paid to us from such taxable REIT subsidiary, if any, as income. This treatment may affect our compliance with the gross income and asset tests. Because we do not include the assets and income of taxable REIT subsidiaries in determining our compliance with the REIT requirements, we may use such entities to indirectly undertake activities, such as earning fee income, that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude us from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.

 

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A taxable REIT subsidiary pays income tax at regular corporate rates on any income that it earns. In addition, the “earnings stripping” rules of Section 163(j) of the Code may limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT to assure that the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. Further, the taxable REIT subsidiary rules impose a 100% excise tax on REITs for transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT or the REIT’s tenants that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.

 

A taxable REIT subsidiary may not directly or indirectly operate or manage any health care facilities assets or lodging facilities or provide rights to any brand name under which any health care facility or lodging facility is operated. A taxable REIT subsidiary is not considered to operate or manage a “qualified health care property” or “qualified lodging facility” solely because the taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly possesses a license, permit, or similar instrument enabling it to do so.

 

Rent that we receive from a taxable REIT subsidiary will qualify as “rents from real property” as long as (1) at least 90% of the leased space in the property is leased to persons other than taxable REIT subsidiaries and related-party tenants, and (2) the amount paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary to rent space at the property is substantially comparable to rents paid by other tenants of the property for comparable space, as described in further detail below under “—Gross Income Tests—Rents from Real Property.” If we lease space to a taxable REIT subsidiary in the future, we will seek to comply with these requirements.

 

We have elected to treat our TRS as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Our TRS provides property acquisition, restoration, leasing, management and disposition services to Phoenix Fund. As explained below in “—Gross Income Tests—Fee Income,” fee income earned by a REIT is generally not qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Our TRS may also provide services with respect to our properties to the extent we determine that having our TRS provide those services will assist us in complying with the gross income tests applicable to REITs. See “—Gross Income Tests—Rents From Real Property.” In addition, if we decide to acquire properties opportunistically to restore in anticipation of immediate resale, we will need to conduct that activity through our TRS to avoid the 100% prohibited transactions tax. See “—Gross Income Tests—Prohibited Transactions.” We may form one or more additional taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future.

 

Gross Income Tests

 

We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of defined types of income that we derive, directly or indirectly, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property or qualified temporary investment income. Qualifying income for purposes of that 75% gross income test generally includes:

 

   

rents from real property;

 

   

interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property, or on interests in real property;

 

   

dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of, shares in other REITs;

 

   

gain from the sale of real estate assets;

 

   

income and gain derived from foreclosure property; and

 

   

income derived from the temporary investment of new capital that is attributable to the issuance of our stock or a public offering of our debt with a maturity date of at least five years and that we receive during the one-year period beginning on the date on which we received such new capital.

 

Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of interest and dividends, gain from the sale or disposition of shares or securities, or any combination of these. Cancellation of indebtedness income and gross income from our sale of property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of

 

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business is excluded from both the numerator and the denominator in both gross income tests. In addition, income and gain from “hedging transactions” that we enter into to hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets and that are clearly and timely identified as such will be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. In addition, certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. See “—Foreign Currency Gain.” The following paragraphs discuss the specific application of the gross income tests to us.

 

Rents from Real Property

 

Rent that we receive from our real property will qualify as “rents from real property,” which is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, only if the following conditions are met:

 

   

First, the rent must not be based, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person, but may be based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.

 

   

Second, neither we nor a direct or indirect owner of 10% or more of our stock may own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of a tenant from whom we receive rent, other than a taxable REIT subsidiary.

 

   

Third, if the rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property is 15% or less of the total rent received under the lease, then the rent attributable to personal property will qualify as rents from real property. However, if the 15% threshold is exceeded, the rent attributable to personal property will not qualify as rents from real property.

 

   

Fourth, we generally must not operate or manage our real property or furnish or render services to our tenants, other than through an “independent contractor” who is adequately compensated and from whom we do not derive revenue. However, we need not provide services through an “independent contractor,” but instead may provide services directly to our tenants, if the services are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not considered to be provided for the tenants’ convenience. In addition, we may provide a minimal amount of “noncustomary” services to the tenants of a property, other than through an independent contractor, as long as our income from the services (valued at not less than 150% of our direct cost of performing such services) does not exceed 1% of our income from the related property. Furthermore, we may own up to 100% of the stock of a taxable REIT subsidiary which may provide customary and noncustomary services to our tenants without tainting our rental income for the related properties.

 

If a portion of the rent that we receive from a property does not qualify as “rents from real property” because the rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent for a taxable year, the portion of the rent that is attributable to personal property will not be qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or 95% gross income test. Thus, if such rent attributable to personal property, plus any other income that is non-qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, during a taxable year exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we would lose our REIT qualification. If, however, the rent from a particular property does not qualify as “rents from real property” because either (1) the rent is considered based on the income or profits of the related tenant, (2) the tenant either is a related party tenant or fails to qualify for the exceptions to the related party tenant rule for qualifying taxable REIT subsidiaries or (3) we furnish noncustomary services to the tenants of the property, or manage or operate the property, other than through a qualifying independent contractor or a taxable REIT subsidiary, none of the rent from that property would qualify as “rents from real property.”

 

Our operating partnership and its subsidiaries lease most of our properties to tenants that are individuals. Our leases with individual tenants typically have a term of one year and require the tenant to pay fixed rent. Our operating partnership also leases some of our properties pursuant to long-term, triple net master leases where a portion of the rent we receive from the tenant is based on a percentage of the tenant’s gross receipts. We do not

 

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lease significant amounts of personal property pursuant to our leases. Moreover, we do not perform any services other than customary ones for our tenants, unless such services are provided through independent contractors or our TRS. Accordingly, we believe that our leases will generally produce rent that qualifies as “rents from real property” for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests.

 

In addition to the rent, the tenants may be required to pay certain additional charges. To the extent that such additional charges represent reimbursements of amounts that we are obligated to pay to third parties such charges generally will qualify as “rents from real property.” To the extent such additional charges represent penalties for nonpayment or late payment of such amounts, such charges should qualify as “rents from real property.” However, to the extent that late charges do not qualify as “rents from real property,” they instead will be treated as interest that qualifies for the 95% gross income test.

 

Interest

 

The term “ interest ” generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the determination of such amount depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, interest generally includes the following:

 

   

an amount that is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales; and

 

   

an amount that is based on the income or profits of a debtor, as long as the debtor derives substantially all of its income from the real property securing the debt from leasing substantially all of its interest in the property, and only to the extent that the amounts received by the debtor would be qualifying “rents from real property” if received directly by a REIT.

 

If a loan contains a provision that entitles a REIT to a percentage of the borrower’s gain upon the sale of the real property securing the loan or a percentage of the appreciation in the property’s value as of a specific date, income attributable to that loan provision will be treated as gain from the sale of the property securing the loan, which generally is qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.

 

We acquire private mortgage loans, which are generally secured by a first lien on real property. Interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, including, for this purpose, prepayment penalties, loan assumption fees and late payment charges that are not compensation for services, generally is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. In general, under applicable Treasury Regulations, if a loan is secured by real property and other property and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan determined as of: (1) the date we agreed to acquire or originate the loan; or (2) as discussed further below, in the event of a “significant modification,” the date we modified the loan, then a portion of the interest income from such loan will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, but will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. Although the law is not entirely clear, a portion of the loan will likely be a non-qualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test. We anticipate that the interest on our private mortgage loans will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test.

 

Under the Code, if the terms of a loan are modified in a manner constituting a “significant modification,” such modification triggers a deemed exchange of the original loan for the modified loan. IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-16 provides a safe harbor pursuant to which we will not be required to redetermine the fair market value of the real property securing a loan for purposes of the gross income and asset tests in connection with a loan modification that is: (1) occasioned by a borrower default; or (2) made at a time when we reasonably believe that the modification to the loan will substantially reduce a significant risk of default on the original loan. If we modify a mortgage loan in the future, no assurance can be provided that all of our loan modifications will qualify for the safe harbor in Revenue Procedure 2011-16. To the extent we significantly modify a private mortgage loan in a manner that does not qualify for that safe harbor, we will be required to redetermine the value of the real property securing the loan at the time it was significantly modified. If the fair market value of the real property

 

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securing a loan has decreased, a portion of the interest income from the loan would not be qualifying income for the 75% gross income test and a portion of the value of the loan would not be a qualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test.

 

Dividends

 

Our share of any dividends received from any corporation (including any taxable REIT subsidiary, but excluding any REIT) in which we own an equity interest will qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Our share of any dividends received from any other REIT in which we own an equity interest, if any, will be qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.

 

Prohibited Transactions

 

A REIT will incur a 100% tax on the net income (including foreign currency gain) derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. We believe that none of our properties are held primarily for sale to customers and that a sale of any of our properties will not be in the ordinary course of our business. Whether a REIT holds a property “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends, however, on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to time, including those related to a particular property. A safe harbor to the characterization of the sale of property by a REIT as a prohibited transaction and the 100% prohibited transactions tax is available if the following requirements are met:

 

   

the REIT has held the property for not less than two years;

 

   

the aggregate expenditures made by the REIT, or any partner of the REIT, during the two-year period preceding the date of the sale that are includable in the basis of the property do not exceed 30% of the selling price of the property;

 

   

either (1) during the year in question, the REIT did not make more than seven sales of property other than foreclosure property or sales to which Section 1033 of the Code applies, (2) the aggregate adjusted basis of all such properties sold by the REIT during the year did not exceed 10% of the aggregate basis of all of the assets of the REIT at the beginning of the year or (3) the aggregate fair market value of all such properties sold by the REIT during the year did not exceed 10% of the aggregate fair market value of all of the assets of the REIT at the beginning of the year;

 

   

in the case of property not acquired through foreclosure or lease termination, the REIT has held the property for at least two years for the production of rental income; and

 

   

if the REIT has made more than seven sales of non-foreclosure property during the taxable year, substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures with respect to the property were made through an independent contractor from whom the REIT derives no income.

 

We will attempt to comply with the terms of the safe-harbor provisions in the federal income tax laws prescribing when a property sale will not be characterized as a prohibited transaction. We cannot assure you, however, that we can comply with the safe-harbor provisions or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as property that we hold “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.” The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a taxable REIT subsidiary or other taxable corporation, although such income will be taxed to the corporation at regular corporate income tax rates. If we decide to acquire properties opportunistically to restore in anticipation of immediate resale, we will need to conduct that activity through our TRS to avoid the prohibited transactions tax. No assurance can be given, however, that the IRS will respect the transaction by which any such properties are contributed to our TRS and even if the contribution transaction is respected, our TRS may incur a significant tax liability as a result of any such sales.

 

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Fee Income

 

Fee income generally will not be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Any fees earned by our TRS, such as fees for providing services to Phoenix Fund, will not be included for purposes of the gross income tests.

 

Foreclosure Property

 

We will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income from foreclosure property, which includes certain foreign currency gains and related deductions, other than income that otherwise would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses directly connected with the production of that income. However, gross income from foreclosure property will qualify under the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Foreclosure property is any real property, including interests in real property, and any personal property incident to such real property:

 

   

that is acquired by a REIT as the result of the REIT having bid on such property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced such property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default or default was imminent on a lease of such property or on indebtedness that such property secured;

 

   

for which the related loan was acquired by the REIT at a time when the default was not imminent or anticipated; and

 

   

for which the REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property.

 

A REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a property where the REIT takes control of the property as a mortgagee-in-possession and cannot receive any profit or sustain any loss except as a creditor of the mortgagor. Property generally ceases to be foreclosure property at the end of the third taxable year (or, with respect to qualified health care property, the second taxable year) following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired the property, or longer if an extension is granted by the Secretary of the Treasury. However, this grace period terminates and foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first day:

 

   

on which a lease is entered into for the property that, by its terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test, or any amount is received or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered into on or after such day that will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test;

 

   

on which any construction takes place on the property, other than completion of a building or any other improvement, where more than 10% of the construction was completed before default became imminent; or

 

   

which is more than 90 days after the day on which the REIT acquired the property and the property is used in a trade or business which is conducted by the REIT, other than through an independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive or receive any income.

 

Hedging Transactions

 

From time to time, we or our operating partnership may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase such items, and futures and forward contracts. Income and gain from “hedging transactions” will be excluded from gross income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests provided we satisfy the indemnification requirements discussed below. A “hedging transaction” means either (1) any transaction entered into in the normal course of our or our operating partnership’s trade or business primarily to manage the risk of interest rate, price changes, or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets and (2) any transaction entered into primarily to manage the risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of

 

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income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% gross income test (or any property which generates such income or gain). We are required to clearly identify any such hedging transaction before the close of the day on which it was acquired, originated, or entered into and to satisfy other identification requirements. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT.

 

Foreign Currency Gain

 

Certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. “Real estate foreign exchange gain” will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Real estate foreign exchange gain generally includes foreign currency gain attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, foreign currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of (or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations secured by mortgages on real property or an interest in real property and certain foreign currency gain attributable to certain “qualified business units” of a REIT. “Passive foreign exchange gain” will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. Passive foreign exchange gain generally includes real estate foreign exchange gain as described above, and also includes foreign currency gain attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test and foreign currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of (or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations. These exclusions for real estate foreign exchange gain and passive foreign exchange gain do not apply to any certain foreign currency gain derived from dealing, or engaging in substantial and regular trading, in securities. Such gain is treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests.

 

Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests

 

If we fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income tests for any taxable year, we nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for that year if we qualify for relief under certain provisions of the federal income tax laws. Those relief provisions are available if:

 

   

our failure to meet those tests is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; and

 

   

following such failure for any taxable year, we file a schedule of the sources of our income in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury.

 

We cannot predict, however, whether in all circumstances we would qualify for the relief provisions. In addition, as discussed above in “—Taxation of Our Company,” even if the relief provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross income attributable to the greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test multiplied, in either case, by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.

 

Asset Tests

 

To qualify as a REIT, we also must satisfy the following asset tests at the end of each quarter of each taxable year. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must consist of:

 

   

cash or cash items, including certain receivables, certain money market funds and, in certain circumstances, foreign currencies;

 

   

government securities;

 

   

interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to acquire real property and leaseholds;

 

   

interests in mortgage loans secured by real property;

 

   

stock in other REITs; and

 

   

investments in stock or debt instruments during the one-year period following our receipt of new capital that we raise through equity offerings or public offerings of debt with at least a five-year term.

 

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Second, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, the value of our interest in any one issuer’s securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets, or the 5% asset test.

 

Third, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, we may not own more than 10% of the voting power of any one issuer’s outstanding securities or 10% of the value of any one issuer’s outstanding securities, or the 10% vote test or 10% value test, respectively.

 

Fourth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.

 

Fifth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries and other non-taxable REIT subsidiary taxable subsidiaries and other assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test, or the 25% securities test.

 

For purposes of the 5% asset test, the 10% vote test and the 10% value test, the term “securities” does not include shares in another REIT, equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT subsidiary or taxable REIT subsidiary, mortgage loans that constitute real estate assets, or equity interests in a partnership. The term “securities,” however, generally includes debt securities issued by a partnership or another REIT, except that for purposes of the 10% value test, the term “securities” does not include:

 

   

“Straight debt” securities, which is defined as a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money if (1) the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into equity, and (2) the interest rate and interest payment dates are not contingent on profits, the borrower’s discretion, or similar factors. “Straight debt” securities do not include any securities issued by a partnership or a corporation in which we or any controlled taxable REIT subsidiary (i.e., a taxable REIT subsidiary in which we own directly or indirectly more than 50% of the voting power or value of the stock) hold non-“straight debt” securities that have an aggregate value of more than 1% of the issuer’s outstanding securities. However, “straight debt” securities include debt subject to the following contingencies:

 

   

a contingency relating to the time of payment of interest or principal, as long as either (1) there is no change to the effective yield of the debt obligation, other than a change to the annual yield that does not exceed the greater of 0.25% or 5% of the annual yield, or (2) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuer’s debt obligations held by us exceeds $1 million and no more than 12 months of unaccrued interest on the debt obligations can be required to be prepaid; and

 

   

a contingency relating to the time or amount of payment upon a default or prepayment of a debt obligation, as long as the contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice;

 

   

Any loan to an individual or an estate;

 

   

Any “section 467 rental agreement,” other than an agreement with a related party tenant;

 

   

Any obligation to pay “rents from real property”;

 

   

Certain securities issued by governmental entities;

 

   

Any security issued by a REIT;

 

   

Any debt instrument issued by an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we are a partner to the extent of our proportionate interest in the equity and debt securities of the partnership; and

 

   

Any debt instrument issued by an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes not described in the preceding bullet points if at least 75% of the partnership’s gross income, excluding income from prohibited transactions, is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test described above in “—Gross Income Tests.”

 

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For purposes of the 10% value test, our proportionate share of the assets of a partnership is our proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership, without regard to the securities described in the last two bullet points above.

 

As discussed above under “—Gross Income Tests,” we acquire private mortgage loans which are secured by first liens on real property. In general, under the applicable Treasury Regulations, if a loan is secured by real property and other property and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan as of: (1) the date we agreed to acquire or originate the loan; or (2) in the event of a significant modification, the date we modified the loan, then a portion of the interest income from such a loan will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, but will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. Although the law is not entirely clear, a portion of the loan will also likely be a non-qualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test. The non-qualifying portion of such a loan would be subject to, among other requirements, the 10% vote or value test. IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-16 provides a safe harbor under which the IRS has stated that it will not challenge a REIT’s treatment of a loan as being, in part, a qualifying real estate asset in an amount equal to the lesser of: (1) the fair market value of the real property securing the loan determined as of the date the REIT committed to acquire the loan; or (2) the fair market value of the loan on the date of the relevant quarterly REIT asset testing date. Under the safe harbor, when the current value of a mortgage loan exceeds the fair market value of the real property that secures the loan, determined as of the date we committed to acquire or originate the loan, the excess will be treated as a non-qualifying asset. We anticipate that our private mortgage loans will generally be treated as qualifying assets for the 75% asset test.

 

We will monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the various asset tests and will manage our portfolio in order to comply at all times with such tests. However, there is no assurance that we will not inadvertently fail to comply with such tests. If we fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, we will not lose our REIT qualification if:

 

   

we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the preceding calendar quarter; and

 

   

the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of one or more non-qualifying assets.

 

If we did not satisfy the condition described in the second item, above, we still could avoid disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it arose.

 

If we violate the 5% asset test, the 10% vote test or the 10% value test described above, we will not lose our REIT qualification if (1) the failure is de minimis (up to the lesser of 1% of our assets or $10 million) and (2) we dispose of assets causing the failure or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify such failure. In the event of a failure of any of the asset tests (other than de minimis failures described in the preceding sentence), as long as the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will not lose our REIT qualification if we (1) dispose of assets causing the failure or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify the failure, (2) we file a description of each asset causing the failure with the IRS and (3) pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or 35% of the net income from the assets causing the failure during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.

 

We believe that the assets that we hold, and that we will acquire in the future, will allow us to satisfy the foregoing asset test requirements. However, we do not obtain independent appraisals to support our conclusions as to the value of our assets. Moreover, the values of some assets may not be susceptible to a precise determination. As a result, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our ownership of assets violates one or more of the asset tests applicable to REITs.

 

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Sale-Leaseback Transactions

 

A portion of our investments is expected to be in the form of sale-leaseback transactions. We intend to treat these transactions as true leases for federal income tax purposes. However, depending on the terms of any specific transaction, the IRS might take the position that the transaction is not a true lease but is more properly treated in some other manner. If such recharacterization were successful, we would not be entitled to claim the depreciation deductions available to an owner of the property. In addition, the recharacterization of one or more of these transactions might cause us to fail to satisfy the asset tests or the income tests described above and such failure could result in our failing to qualify as a REIT. Alternatively, the amount or timing of income inclusion or the loss of depreciation deductions resulting from the recharacterization might cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement described below for one or more taxable years absent the availability of the deficiency dividend procedure or might result in a larger portion of our dividends being treated as ordinary income to our stockholders.

 

Distribution Requirements

 

Each year, we must distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at least equal to:

 

   

the sum of

 

   

90% of our “REIT taxable income,” computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain or loss, and

 

   

90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property, minus

 

   

the sum of certain items of non-cash income.

 

We must pay such distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if either (1) we declare the distribution before we timely file our federal income tax return for the year and pay the distribution on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such declaration or (2) we declare the distribution in October, November or December of the taxable year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified day in any such month, and we actually pay the dividend before the end of January of the following year. The distributions under clause (1) are taxable to the stockholders in the year in which paid, and the distributions in clause (2) are treated as paid on December 31st of the prior taxable year. In both instances, these distributions relate to our prior taxable year for purposes of the 90% distribution requirement.

 

We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a calendar year, or by the end of January following the calendar year in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, at least the sum of:

 

   

85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year,

 

   

95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year, and

 

   

any undistributed taxable income from prior periods.

 

We will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of (a) the amounts we actually distribute and (b) the amounts we retain and upon which we pay income tax at the corporate level.

 

We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain we receive in a taxable year. If we so elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such retained amount for purposes of the 4% nondeductible excise tax described above. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax.

 

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It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of that income and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable income. For example, we may not deduct recognized capital losses from our “REIT taxable income.” Further, it is possible that, from time to time, we may be allocated a share of net capital gain attributable to the sale of depreciated property that exceeds our allocable share of cash attributable to that sale. As a result of the foregoing, we may have less cash than is necessary to distribute taxable income sufficient to avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income or even to meet the 90% distribution requirement. In such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or, if possible, pay taxable dividends of our capital stock or debt securities.

 

We may satisfy the 90% distribution test with taxable distributions of our stock or debt securities. The IRS has issued private letter rulings to other REITs treating certain distributions that are paid partly in cash and partly in stock as dividends that would satisfy the REIT annual distribution requirement and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for federal income tax purposes. Those rulings may be relied upon only by taxpayers whom they were issued, but we could request a similar ruling from the IRS. In addition, the IRS previously issued a revenue procedure authorizing publicly traded REITs to make elective cash/stock dividends, but that revenue procedure does not apply to our 2012 and future taxable years. Accordingly, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to make taxable dividends payable in cash and stock. We have no current intention to make a taxable dividend payable in our stock.

 

Under certain circumstances, we may be able to correct a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to our stockholders in a later year. We may include such deficiency dividends in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, we will be required to pay interest to the IRS based upon the amount of any deduction we take for deficiency dividends.

 

Recordkeeping Requirements

 

We must maintain certain records in order to qualify as a REIT. In addition, to avoid a monetary penalty, we must request on an annual basis information from our stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding stock. We intend to comply with these requirements.

 

Failure to Qualify

 

If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. In addition, there are relief provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset tests, as described in “—Gross Income Tests” and “—Asset Tests.”

 

If we failed to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and did not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would be subject to federal income tax and any applicable alternative minimum tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. In calculating our taxable income in a year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would not be able to deduct amounts paid out to stockholders. In fact, we would not be required to distribute any amounts to stockholders in that year. In such event, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, distributions to stockholders generally would be taxable as ordinary income. Subject to certain limitations of the federal income tax laws, corporate stockholders may be eligible for the dividends received deduction and stockholders taxed at individual rates may be eligible for the reduced federal income tax rate of up to 20% on such dividends. Unless we qualified for relief under specific statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. We cannot predict whether in all circumstances we would qualify for such statutory relief.

 

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Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders

 

As used herein, the term “U.S. stockholder” means a holder of our common stock that for federal income tax purposes is:

 

   

a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

   

a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any of its states or the District of Columbia;

 

   

an estate whose income is subject to federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

   

any trust if (1) a court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.

 

If a partnership, entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding our common stock, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common stock by the partnership.

 

As long as we qualify as a REIT, a taxable U.S. stockholder must generally take into account as ordinary income distributions made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as capital gain dividends or retained long-term capital gain. A U.S. stockholder will not qualify for the dividends received deduction generally available to corporations. In addition, dividends paid to a U.S. stockholder generally will not qualify for the 20% tax rate for “qualified dividend income.” The maximum tax rate for qualified dividend income received by U.S. stockholders taxed at individual rates is currently 20%. The maximum tax rate on qualified dividend income is lower than the maximum tax rate on ordinary income, which is currently 39.6%. Qualified dividend income generally includes dividends paid by domestic C corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations to U.S. stockholders that are taxed at individual rates. Because we are not generally subject to federal income tax on the portion of our REIT taxable income distributed to our stockholders (See “—Taxation of Our Company” above), our dividends generally will not be eligible for the 20% rate on qualified dividend income. As a result, our ordinary REIT dividends will be taxed at the higher tax rate applicable to ordinary income. However, the 20% tax rate for qualified dividend income will apply to our ordinary REIT dividends (1) attributable to dividends received by us from non REIT corporations, such as our TRS, and (2) to the extent attributable to income upon which we have paid corporate income tax (e.g., to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income). In general, to qualify for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, a stockholder must hold our common stock for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which our common stock becomes ex-dividend. Individuals, trusts and estates whose income exceeds certain thresholds are also subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on dividends received from us.

 

A U.S. stockholder generally will take into account as long-term capital gain any distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends without regard to the period for which the U.S. stockholder has held our common stock. We generally will designate our capital gain dividends as either 20% or 25% rate distributions. See “—Capital Gains and Losses.” A corporate U.S. stockholder, however, may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income.

 

We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain that we receive in a taxable year. In that case, to the extent that we designate such amount in a timely notice to such stockholder, a U.S. stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain. The U.S. stockholder would receive a credit for its proportionate share of the tax we paid. The U.S. stockholder would increase the basis in its stock by the amount of its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain, minus its share of the tax we paid.

 

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A U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of the U.S. stockholder’s common stock. Instead, the distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of such stock. A U.S. stockholder will recognize a distribution in excess of both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted basis in his or her stock as long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the shares of stock have been held for one year or less, assuming the shares of stock are a capital asset in the hands of the U.S. stockholder. In addition, if we declare a distribution in October, November, or December of any year that is payable to a U.S. stockholder of record on a specified date in any such month, such distribution shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the U.S. stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided that we actually pay the distribution during January of the following calendar year.

 

U.S. stockholders may not include in their individual income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses. Instead, these losses are generally carried over by us for potential offset against our future income. Taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our common stock will not be treated as passive activity income and, therefore, stockholders generally will not be able to apply any “passive activity losses,” such as losses from certain types of limited partnerships in which the U.S. stockholder is a limited partner, against such income. In addition, taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our common stock generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitations. We will notify U.S. stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to the portions of the distributions attributable to that year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital and capital gain.

 

Taxation of U.S. Stockholders on the Disposition of Common Stock

 

A U.S. stockholder who is not a dealer in securities must generally treat any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of our common stock as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. stockholder has held our common stock for more than one year and otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. In general, a U.S. stockholder will realize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the sum of the fair market value of any property and the amount of cash received in such disposition and the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted tax basis. A stockholder’s adjusted tax basis generally will equal the U.S. stockholder’s acquisition cost, increased by the excess of net capital gains deemed distributed to the U.S. stockholder (discussed above) less tax deemed paid on such gains and reduced by any returns of capital. However, a U.S. stockholder must treat any loss upon a sale or exchange of common stock held by such stockholder for six months or less as a long-term capital loss to the extent of capital gain dividends and any other actual or deemed distributions from us that such U.S. stockholder treats as long-term capital gain. All or a portion of any loss that a U.S. stockholder realizes upon a taxable disposition of shares of our common stock may be disallowed if the U.S. stockholder purchases other shares of our common stock within 30 days before or after the disposition.

 

Capital Gains and Losses

 

A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for more than one year for gain or loss derived from its sale or exchange to be treated as long-term capital gain or loss. The highest marginal individual income tax rate currently is 39.6%. The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain applicable to taxpayers taxed at individual rates is 20% for sales and exchanges of assets held for more than one year. The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from the sale or exchange of “Section 1250 property,” or depreciable real property, is 25%, which applies to the lesser of the total amount of the gain or the accumulated depreciation on the Section 1250 property. Individuals, trusts and estates whose income exceeds certain thresholds are also subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on gain from the sale of our common stock.

 

With respect to distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends and any retained capital gain that we are deemed to distribute, we generally may designate whether such a distribution is taxable to U.S. stockholders taxed at individual rates currently at a 20% or 25% rate. Thus, the tax rate differential between capital gain and ordinary income for those taxpayers may be significant. In addition, the characterization of

 

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income as capital gain or ordinary income may affect the deductibility of capital losses. A non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses not offset by capital gains against its ordinary income only up to a maximum annual amount of $3,000. A non-corporate taxpayer may carry forward unused capital losses indefinitely. A corporate taxpayer must pay tax on its net capital gain at ordinary corporate rates. A corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses only to the extent of capital gains, with unused losses being carried back three years and forward five years.

 

Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders

 

Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they are subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI. Although many investments in real estate generate UBTI, the IRS has issued a ruling that dividend distributions from a REIT to an exempt employee pension trust do not constitute UBTI so long as the exempt employee pension trust does not otherwise use the shares of the REIT in an unrelated trade or business of the pension trust. Based on that ruling, amounts that we distribute to tax-exempt stockholders generally should not constitute UBTI. However, if a tax-exempt stockholder were to finance (or be deemed to finance) its acquisition of common stock with debt, a portion of the income that it receives from us would constitute UBTI pursuant to the “debt-financed property” rules. Moreover, social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under special provisions of the federal income tax laws are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally will require them to characterize distributions that they receive from us as UBTI. Finally, in certain circumstances, a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust that owns more than 10% of our capital stock must treat a percentage of the dividends that it receives from us as UBTI. Such percentage is equal to the gross income we derive from an unrelated trade or business, determined as if we were a pension trust, divided by our total gross income for the year in which we pay the dividends. That rule applies to a pension trust holding more than 10% of our capital stock only if:

 

   

the percentage of our dividends that the tax-exempt trust must treat as UBTI is at least 5%;

 

   

we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule requiring that no more than 50% of our capital stock be owned by five or fewer individuals that allows the beneficiaries of the pension trust to be treated as holding our capital stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the pension trust; and

 

   

either:

 

   

one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our capital stock; or

 

   

a group of pension trusts individually holding more than 10% of the value of our capital stock collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our capital stock.

 

Certain restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock generally should prevent a tax-exempt entity from owning more than 10% of the value of our stock, generally should prevent us from becoming a pension trust and generally should prevent a pension trust from having to treat any of the dividends received from us as UBTI.

 

Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders

 

The term “non-U.S. stockholder” means a holder of our common stock that is not a U.S. stockholder, a partnership (or entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes) or a tax-exempt stockholder. The rules governing federal income taxation of nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships, and other foreign stockholders are complex. This section is only a summary of such rules. We urge non-U.S. stockholders to consult their own tax advisors to determine the impact of federal, state, and local income tax laws on the purchase, ownership and sale of our common stock, including any reporting requirements.

 

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Distributions

 

A non-U.S. stockholder that receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of a “United States real property interest,” or USRPI, as defined below, and that we do not designate as a capital gain dividend or retained capital gain will recognize ordinary income to the extent that we pay such distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution ordinarily will apply to such distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax. However, if a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to federal income tax on the distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect to such distribution, and a non-U.S. stockholder that is a corporation also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax with respect to that distribution. We plan to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any such distribution paid to a non-U.S. stockholder unless either:

 

   

a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. stockholder files an IRS Form W-8BEN evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate with us;

 

   

the non-U.S. stockholder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income; or

 

   

the distribution is treated as attributable to a sale of a USRPI under FIRPTA (discussed below).

 

A non-U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the excess portion of such distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of its common stock. Instead, the excess portion of such distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of such stock. A non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to tax on such a distribution to the extent it exceeds the adjusted basis of its common stock, if the non-U.S. stockholder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the sale or disposition of its common stock, as described below. We must withhold 10% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Consequently, although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on the entire amount of any distribution, to the extent that we do not do so, we will withhold at a rate of 10% on any portion of a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%. Because we generally cannot determine at the time we make a distribution whether the distribution will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we normally will withhold tax on the entire amount of any distribution at the same rate as we would withhold on a dividend. However, a non-U.S. stockholder may claim a refund of amounts that we withhold if we later determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and profits.

 

For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, a non-U.S. stockholder may incur tax on distributions that are attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of a USRPI under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Act of 1980, or FIRPTA. A USRPI includes certain interests in real property and stock in corporations at least 50% of whose assets consist of interests in real property. Under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder is taxed on distributions attributable to gain from sales of USRPIs as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. business of the non-U.S. stockholder. A non-U.S. stockholder thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital gains rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien individual. A non-U.S. corporation that is a stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution. We would be required to withhold 35% of any distribution that we could designate as a capital gain dividend. A non-U.S. stockholder may receive a credit against its tax liability for the amount we withhold.

 

However, if our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States, capital gain distributions on our common stock that are attributable to our sale of a USRPI will be treated as ordinary dividends rather than as gain from the sale of a USRPI, as long as the non-U.S. stockholder did not own more than 5% of our common stock at any time during the one-year period preceding the distribution. As a result, non-U.S. stockholders generally will be subject to withholding tax on such capital gain distributions in the same manner as they are subject to withholding tax on ordinary dividends. We anticipate that our common stock

 

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will be regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States following this offering. If our common stock is not regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States or the non-U.S. stockholder owned more than 5% of our common stock at any time during the one-year period preceding the distribution, capital gain distributions that are attributable to our sale of USRPIs will be subject to tax under FIRPTA, as described in the preceding paragraph. Moreover, if a non-U.S. stockholder disposes of our common stock during the 30-day period preceding a dividend payment, and such non-U.S. stockholder (or a person related to such non-U.S. stockholder) acquires or enters into a contract or option to acquire our common stock within 61 days of the first day of the 30-day period described above, and any portion of such dividend payment would, but for the disposition, be treated as a USRPI capital gain to such non-U.S. stockholder, then such non-U.S. stockholder shall be treated as having USRPI capital gain in an amount that, but for the disposition, would have been treated as USRPI capital gain.

 

Although the law is not clear on the matter, it appears that amounts we designate as retained capital gains in respect of the common stock held by U.S. stockholders generally should be treated with respect to non-U.S. stockholders in the same manner as actual distributions by us of capital gain dividends. Under this approach, a non-U.S. stockholder would be able to offset as a credit against its federal income tax liability resulting from its proportionate share of the tax paid by us on such retained capital gains, and to receive from the IRS a refund to the extent the non-U.S. stockholder’s proportionate share of such tax paid by us exceeds its actual federal income tax liability, provided that the non-U.S. stockholder furnishes required information to the IRS on a timely basis.

 

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on dividends paid to certain non-U.S. stockholders if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied. If payment of withholding taxes is required, non-U.S. stockholders that are otherwise eligible for an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. withholding taxes with respect of such dividends will be required to seek a refund from the IRS to obtain the benefit or such exemption or reduction. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of any amounts withheld.

 

Dispositions

 

Non-U.S. stockholders could incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain realized upon a disposition of our common stock if we are a United States real property holding corporation during a specified testing period. If at least 50% of a REIT’s assets are USRPIs, then the REIT will be a United States real property holding corporation. We believe that we are a United States real property holding corporation based on our investment strategy. However, even if we are a United States real property holding corporation, a non-U.S. stockholder generally would not incur tax under FIRPTA on gain from the sale of our common stock if we are a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity.” A “domestically controlled qualified investment entity” includes a REIT in which, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of its shares are held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. stockholders. We cannot assure you that this test will be met.

 

In addition, if our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, another exception to the tax under FIRPTA will be available with respect to our common stock, even if we do not qualify as a domestically controlled qualified investment entity at the time the non-U.S. stockholder sells our common stock. Under that exception, the gain from such a sale by such a non-U.S. stockholder will not be subject to tax under FIRPTA if (1) our common stock is treated as being regularly traded under applicable Treasury Regulations on an established securities market and (2) the non-U.S. stockholder owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less of our common stock at all times during a specified testing period. As noted above, we anticipate that our common stock will be regularly traded on an established securities market following this offering.

 

If the gain on the sale of our common stock were taxed under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder would be taxed on that gain in the same manner as U.S. stockholders, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals, and the purchaser of the common stock could be required to withhold 10% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the IRS. Furthermore, a

 

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non-U.S. stockholder generally will incur tax on gain not subject to FIRPTA if (1) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain or (2) the non-U.S. stockholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will incur a 30% tax on his or her capital gains.

 

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on proceeds from the sale of our common stock received by certain non-U.S. stockholders if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied. If payment of withholding taxes is required, non-U.S. stockholders that are otherwise eligible for an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. withholding taxes with respect of such proceeds will be required to seek a refund from the IRS to obtain the benefit or such exemption or reduction. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of any amounts withheld.

 

Information Reporting Requirements and Withholding

 

We will report to our stockholders and to the IRS the amount of distributions we pay during each calendar year, and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% with respect to distributions unless the stockholder:

 

   

is a corporation or qualifies for certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or

 

   

provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules.

 

A stockholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholder’s income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us.

 

Backup withholding will generally not apply to payments of dividends made by us or our paying agents, in their capacities as such, to a non-U.S. stockholder provided that the non-U.S. stockholder furnishes to us or our paying agent the required certification as to its non-U.S. status, such as providing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8ECI, or certain other requirements are met. Notwithstanding the foregoing, backup withholding may apply if either we or our paying agent has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that the holder is a U.S. person that is not an exempt recipient. Payments of the proceeds from a disposition or a redemption effected outside the U.S. by a non-U.S. stockholder made by or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, information reporting (but not backup withholding) generally will apply to such a payment if the broker has certain connections with the U.S. unless the broker has documentary evidence in its records that the beneficial owner is a non-U.S. stockholder and specified conditions are met or an exemption is otherwise established. Payment of the proceeds from a disposition by a non-U.S. stockholder of common stock made by or through the U.S. office of a broker is generally subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless the non-U.S. stockholder certifies under penalties of perjury that it is not a U.S. person and satisfies certain other requirements, or otherwise establishes an exemption from information reporting and backup withholding.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or credited against the stockholder’s federal income tax liability if certain required information is furnished to the IRS. Stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding application of backup withholding to them and the availability of, and procedure for obtaining an exemption from, backup withholding.

 

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on dividends received by U.S. stockholders who own our capital stock through foreign accounts or foreign

 

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intermediaries if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied. In addition, if those disclosure requirements are not satisfied, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016, on proceeds from the sale of our common stock by U.S. stockholders who own our common stock through foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any U.S. stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of amounts withheld.

 

Other Tax Consequences

 

Tax Aspects of Our Investments in Our Operating Partnership and Subsidiary Partnerships

 

The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax considerations applicable to our direct or indirect investments in our operating partnership and any subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies that we form or acquire (each individually a “Partnership” and, collectively, the “Partnerships”). The discussion does not cover state or local tax laws or any federal tax laws other than income tax laws.

 

Classification as Partnerships

 

We will be entitled to include in our income our distributive share of each Partnership’s income and to deduct our distributive share of each Partnership’s losses only if such Partnership is classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity is treated as having only one owner or member for federal income tax purposes) rather than as a corporation or an association taxable as a corporation. An unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members will be classified as a partnership, rather than as a corporation, for federal income tax purposes if it:

 

   

is treated as a partnership under the Treasury Regulations relating to entity classification (the “check-the-box regulations”); and

 

   

is not a “publicly-traded partnership.”

 

Under the check-the-box regulations, an unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members may elect to be classified either as an association taxable as a corporation or as a partnership. If such an entity fails to make an election, it generally will be treated as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity is treated as having only one owner or member for federal income tax purposes) for federal income tax purposes. Our operating partnership intends to be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and will not elect to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation under the check-the-box regulations.

 

A publicly-traded partnership is a partnership whose interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. A publicly-traded partnership will not, however, be treated as a corporation for any taxable year if, for each taxable year beginning after December 31, 1987 in which it was classified as a publicly-traded partnership, 90% or more of the partnership’s gross income for such year consists of certain passive-type income, including real property rents, gains from the sale or other disposition of real property, interest, and dividends, or (the “90% passive income exception”). Treasury Regulations provide limited safe harbors from the definition of a publicly-traded partnership. Pursuant to one of those safe harbors (the “private placement exclusion”), interests in a partnership will not be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof if (1) all interests in the partnership were issued in a transaction or transactions that were not required to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (2) the partnership does not have more than 100 partners at any time during the partnership’s taxable year. In determining the number of partners in a partnership, a person owning an interest in a partnership, grantor trust, or S corporation that owns an interest in the partnership is treated as a partner in such partnership only if (1) substantially all of the value of the owner’s interest in the entity is attributable to the entity’s direct or indirect interest in the partnership and (2) a principal purpose of the use of the entity is to permit

 

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the partnership to satisfy the 100-partner limitation. We anticipate that our operating partnership and any other partnership in which we own an interest will qualify for the private placement exception.

 

We have not requested, and do not intend to request, a ruling from the IRS that our operating partnership will be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. If for any reason our operating partnership were taxable as a corporation, rather than as a partnership, for federal income tax purposes, we likely would not be able to qualify as a REIT unless we qualified for certain relief provisions. See “—Gross Income Tests” and “—Asset Tests.” In addition, any change in a Partnership’s status for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event, in which case we might incur tax liability without any related cash distribution. See “—Distribution Requirements.” Further, items of income and deduction of such Partnership would not pass through to its partners, and its partners would be treated as stockholders for tax purposes. Consequently, such Partnership would be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on its net income, and distributions to its partners would constitute dividends that would not be deductible in computing such Partnership’s taxable income.

 

Income Taxation of the Partnerships and their Partners

 

Partners, Not the Partnerships, Subject to Tax

 

A partnership is not a taxable entity for federal income tax purposes. Rather, we are required to take into account our allocable share of each Partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits for any taxable year of such Partnership ending within or with our taxable year, without regard to whether we have received or will receive any distribution from such Partnership.

 

Partnership Allocations

 

Although a partnership agreement generally will determine the allocation of income and losses among partners, such allocations will be disregarded for tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations. If an allocation is not recognized for federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership, which will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to such item. Each Partnership’s allocations of taxable income, gain, and loss are intended to comply with the requirements of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations.

 

Tax Allocations With Respect to Partnership Properties

 

ARM was treated for federal income tax purposes as contributing its assets to our operating partnership in exchange for OP units, and we may acquire properties in exchange for OP units in the future. Income, gain, loss, and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized loss (“built-in gain” or “built-in loss”) is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of the contributed property at the time of contribution and the adjusted tax basis of such property at the time of contribution (a “book-tax difference”). Any property purchased for cash initially will have an adjusted tax basis equal to its fair market value, resulting in no book-tax difference.

 

Allocations with respect to book-tax differences are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. The U.S. Treasury Department has issued regulations requiring partnerships to use a “reasonable method” for allocating items with respect to which there is a book-tax difference and outlining several reasonable allocation methods. Under certain available methods, the carryover basis of contributed properties in the hands of our operating partnership

 

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(1) could cause us to be allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for tax purposes than would be allocated to us if all contributed properties were to have a tax basis equal to their fair market value at the time of the contribution and (2) in the event of a sale of such properties, could cause us to be allocated taxable gain in excess of the economic or book gain allocated to us as a result of such sale, with a corresponding benefit to the contributing partners. An allocation described in (2) above might cause us to recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds in the event of a sale or other disposition of property, which might adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements and may result in a greater portion of our distributions being taxed as dividends. We intend to use the “traditional” method for the book-tax difference caused by the contribution of ARM’s assets to our operating partnership. We have not yet decided what method will be used to account for book-tax differences for properties that may be acquired in exchange for OP units by our operating partnership in the future.

 

Our operating partnership will revalue its assets upon the grant of LTIP units and thereafter upon the occurrence of certain specified events permitted under the Treasury Regulations (including a subsequent issuance of LTIP units and the contribution of the net proceeds from this offering to our operating partnership), and any increase in valuation since the time of grant of such LTIP units or the last revaluation event from the time of grant until such event will be allocated first to the existing LTIP unit holders to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of holders of our other outstanding OP units. Upon equalization of the capital accounts of the LTIP unit holders with the capital accounts of the other holders of our OP units, the LTIP units will achieve full parity with our other OP units for all purposes, including with respect to liquidating distributions. See “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement—LTIP Units.” The liquidation value of an LTIP unit upon grant will be zero because liquidating distributions are required to be made in accordance with the partners’ positive capital account balances (and at the time of the grant of an LTIP unit, the capital account of the holder of such LTIP unit is zero with respect to such LTIP unit).

 

Sale of a Partnership’s Property

 

Generally, any gain realized by a Partnership on the sale of property held by the Partnership for more than one year will be long-term capital gain, except for any portion of such gain that is treated as depreciation or cost recovery recapture. Under Section 704(c) of the Code, any gain or loss recognized by a Partnership on the disposition of contributed properties will be allocated first to the partners of the Partnership who contributed such properties to the extent of their built-in gain or loss on those properties for federal income tax purposes. The partners’ built-in gain or loss on such contributed properties will equal the difference between the partners’ proportionate share of the book value of those properties and the partners’ tax basis allocable to those properties at the time of the contribution as reduced for any decrease in the “book-tax difference.” See “—Income Taxation of the Partnerships and their Partners—Tax Allocations With Respect to Partnership Properties.” Any remaining gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of the contributed properties, and any gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of the other properties, will be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the Partnership.

 

Our share of any gain realized by a Partnership on the sale of any property held by the Partnership as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of the Partnership’s trade or business will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% prohibited transactions tax. Such prohibited transaction income also may have an adverse effect upon our ability to satisfy the income tests for REIT status. See “—Gross Income Tests.” We do not presently intend to acquire or hold or to allow any Partnership to acquire or hold any property that represents inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our or such Partnership’s trade or business.

 

Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs

 

The present federal income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time. The REIT rules are constantly under review by persons

 

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involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department which may result in statutory changes as well as revisions to regulations and interpretations. Additionally, several of the tax considerations described herein are currently under review and are subject to change. Prospective stockholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the effect of potential changes to the federal tax laws on an investment in our common stock.

 

State and Local Taxes

 

We and/or you may be subject to taxation by various states and localities, including those in which we or a stockholder transacts business, owns property or resides. The state and local tax treatment may differ from the federal income tax treatment described above. Consequently, you should consult your own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws upon an investment in our common stock.

 

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ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following is a summary of certain considerations associated with the purchase of the shares of our common stock by employee benefit plans that are subject to Title I of the United States Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or ERISA, plans, individual retirement accounts and other arrangements that are subject to Section 4975 of the Code or provisions under any federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to such provisions of the Code or ERISA, or, collectively, Similar Laws, and entities whose underlying assets are considered to include “plan assets” of any such plan, account or arrangement, or, each, a Plan. THE FOLLOWING IS MERELY A SUMMARY, HOWEVER, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS LEGAL ADVICE OR AS COMPLETE IN ALL RELEVANT RESPECTS. ALL INVESTORS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR LEGAL ADVISORS BEFORE INVESTING ASSETS OF A PLAN IN US AND TO MAKE THEIR OWN INDEPENDENT DECISION.

 

General Fiduciary Matters

 

ERISA and the Code impose certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries of a Plan subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, or an ERISA Plan, and prohibit certain transactions involving the assets of an ERISA Plan and its fiduciaries or other interested parties. Under ERISA and the Code, any person who exercises any discretionary authority or control over the administration of such an ERISA Plan or the management or disposition of the assets of such an ERISA Plan, or who renders investment advice for a fee or other compensation to such an ERISA Plan, is generally considered to be a fiduciary of the ERISA Plan.

 

In considering an investment in shares of our common stock of a portion of the assets of any Plan, a fiduciary should determine whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the Plan and the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code or any Similar Law relating to a fiduciary’s duties to the Plan including, without limitation, the prudence, diversification, delegation of control and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA, the Code and any other applicable Similar Laws.

 

Prohibited Transaction Issues

 

Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code (which also applies to IRAs that are subject to ERISA) prohibit ERISA Plans from engaging in specified transactions involving plan assets with persons or entities who are “parties in interest,” within the meaning of ERISA, or “disqualified persons,” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code, unless an exemption is available. A party in interest or disqualified person who engages in a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to excise taxes and other penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code and may result in the disqualification of an IRA. In addition, the fiduciary of the ERISA Plan that engages in such a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code.

 

Whether or not the underlying assets of American Residential Properties, Inc. are deemed to include “plan assets,” as described below, the acquisition and/or holding of shares of our common stock by an ERISA Plan with respect to which we or the initial purchaser is considered a party in interest or a disqualified person may constitute or result in a direct or indirect prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code, unless the investment is acquired and is held in accordance with an applicable statutory, class or individual prohibited transaction exemption. In this regard, the United States Department of Labor, or the DOL, has issued prohibited transaction class exemptions, or PTCEs, that may apply to the acquisition and holding of our common stock. These class exemptions include, without limitation, PTCE 84-14 respecting transactions determined by independent qualified professional asset managers, PTCE 90-1 respecting insurance company pooled separate accounts, PTCE 91-38 respecting bank collective investment funds, PTCE 95-60 respecting life insurance company general accounts and PTCE 96-23 respecting transactions determined by in-house asset managers. In addition, Section 408(b)(17) of ERISA and Section 4975(d)(20) of the Code provide an exemption from the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code for certain transactions,

 

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provided that neither the issuer of the securities nor any of its affiliates (directly or indirectly) have or exercise any discretionary authority or control or render any investment advice with respect to the assets of any ERISA Plan involved in the transaction and provided further that the ERISA Plan pays no more than adequate consideration in connection with the transaction. There can be no assurance that all of the conditions of any such exemptions will be satisfied.

 

Plan Asset Issues

 

The DOL Plan Asset Regulations, promulgated under ERISA by the DOL, generally provide that when an ERISA Plan acquires an equity interest in an entity that is neither a “publicly-offered security” nor a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, the ERISA Plan’s assets include both the equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the underlying assets of the entity unless it is established either that less than 25% of the total value of each class of equity interest in the entity is held by “benefit plan investors” as defined in Section 3(42) of ERISA (the “insignificant participation test”) or that the entity is an “operating company,” as defined in the DOL Plan Asset Regulations.

 

For purposes of the DOL Plan Asset Regulations, (1) a “publicly-offered security” is a security that is (a) ”freely transferable,” (b) part of a class of securities that is “widely held,” and (c) (x) sold to the Plan as part of an offering of securities to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and the class of securities to which such security is a part is registered under the Exchange Act within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which the offering of such securities to the public has occurred, or (y) is part of a class of securities that is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act; and (2) an “operating company” includes an entity that is primarily engaged, directly or through a majority owned subsidiary or subsidiaries, in the production or sale of a product or service, other than the investment of capital. Our common stock will not qualify as a “publicly-offered security” immediately after this offering and will not qualify until such time as we register our common stock under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.

 

For purposes of the “insignificant participation test,” the DOL Plan Asset Regulations provide that equity participation in an entity by benefit plan investors is not significant if their aggregate interest is less than 25% of the value of each class of equity securities in the entity, disregarding, for purposes of such determination, any interests held by persons and their affiliates (other than Controlling Persons), who have discretionary authority or control with respect to the assets of the entity or who provide investment advice for a fee with respect to such assets. In order to satisfy the “insignificant participation test,” our charter generally provides that until such time as each outstanding class or securities of our capital stock becomes a “publicly-offered security” under the DOL Plan Asset Regulations or we qualify for another exception under the DOL Plan Asset Regulations, equity participation in each outstanding series or class of our capital stock will be limited to less than 25% of the value of such series or class, disregarding for such purposes, any interests held by persons or their affiliates (other than benefit plan investors) who have discretionary authority or control with respect to our assets or who provide investment advice for a fee with respect to our assets. In addition, our charter generally provides that until such time as each outstanding series or class or our capital stock becomes a “publicly-offered security” or we qualify for another exception under the DOL Plan Asset Regulations, no person may sell or transfer our capital stock to a benefit plan investor or controlling person.

 

As noted above, the assets of a benefit plan investor do not include the underlying assets of the entity when the benefit plan investor acquires an equity interest in an “operating company.” Under the DOL Plan Asset Regulations, an entity is an “operating company” if it is primarily engaged, either directly or through a majority- owned subsidiary or subsidiaries, in the production or sale of a product or services other than the investment of capital. The term “operating company” includes, among other things, a “real estate operating company” or a REOC. In general, an entity may qualify as a REOC if (1) at least 50% of its assets value at cost, other than short-term investments pending long-term commitment or distribution to investors are invested in real estate which is managed or developed and with respect to which the entity has the right to substantially participate directly in the management or development activities and (2) such entity in the ordinary course of its business is

 

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engaged directly in real estate management or development activities. We believe that we may qualify as a REOC for purposes of the DOL Plan Asset Regulations. However, there can be no assurance that such qualification will be available initially or will continue indefinitely. In order to assure that our assets are not deemed to be “plan assets” under ERISA, our charter includes ownership and transfer restrictions intended to satisfy the “insignificant participation test” in the event that we do not qualify as a REOC.

 

Plan Asset Consequences

 

If our assets were deemed to be “plan assets” under ERISA, this would result, among other things, in (1) the application of the prudence and other fiduciary responsibility standards of ERISA to investments made by us, and (2) the possibility that certain transactions in which we might seek to engage could constitute “prohibited transactions” under ERISA and the Code.

 

Representation

 

Accordingly, by acceptance of the shares of our common stock each purchaser or subsequent transferee of shares of our common stock will be deemed to have represented and warranted either that (1) no portion of such purchaser’s or transferee’s assets used to acquire such shares constitutes assets of any benefit plan investor or (2) the purchase of shares of our common stock by such purchaser or transferee will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or similar violation under any applicable Similar Laws. Each purchaser or subsequent transferee of shares of our common stock also will be deemed to have represented or warranted that the shares will not be transferred to any benefit plan investor or Controlling Person until each outstanding series and class of our capital stock qualifies as a “publicly-offered security” or we qualify for another exception to the DOL Plan Asset Regulations (other than the exception for insignificant participation).

 

The foregoing discussion is general in nature, is not intended to be all-inclusive, and is based on laws in effect on the date of this prospectus. Such discussion should not be construed as legal advice. Due to the complexity of these rules and the penalties that may be imposed upon persons involved in non-exempt prohibited transactions, it is particularly important that fiduciaries, or other persons considering purchasing shares of our common stock on behalf of, or with the assets of, any Plan consult with counsel regarding the potential applicability of ERISA, Section 4975 of the Code and Similar Laws to such investment and whether an exemption would be applicable to the purchase of shares of our common stock.

 

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UNDERWRITING

 

Under the terms and subject to the conditions in an underwriting agreement dated the date of this prospectus, the underwriters named below, for whom Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, FBR Capital Markets & Co. and Jefferies LLC are acting as representatives, have severally agreed to purchase, and we and the selling stockholder have agreed to sell them, severally, and not jointly, the number of shares of our common stock indicated below.

 

Name

   Number of
Shares

Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC

  

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith

  

                       Incorporated

  

FBR Capital Markets & Co.

  

Jefferies LLC

  

Raymond James & Associates, Inc.

  

Zelman Partners LLC

  
  

 

Total

  
  

 

 

The underwriters are offering the shares of our common stock subject to their acceptance of the shares from us and the selling stockholder subject to prior sale. The underwriting agreement provides that the obligations of the several underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus are subject to the approval of certain legal matters by their counsel and to certain other conditions. The underwriters are obligated to take and pay for all of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus if any such shares are taken. However, the underwriters are not required to take or pay for the shares covered by the underwriters’ over-allotment option described below.

 

The underwriters initially propose to offer part of the shares of our common stock directly to the public at the price to public listed on the front cover page of this prospectus and part to certain dealers, which may include the underwriters, at such offering price less a selling concession not in excess of $         per share. After the initial offering of the shares of our common stock, the price to public and other selling terms may from time to time be varied by the representatives.

 

We have granted to the underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days from the date of this prospectus, to purchase up to             additional shares of our common stock at the price to public listed on the cover page of this prospectus, less underwriting discounts and commissions. The underwriters may exercise this option solely for the purpose of covering over-allotments, if any, made in connection with the offering of the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus. To the extent the option is exercised, each underwriter will become obligated, subject to certain conditions, to purchase about the same percentage of the additional shares of our common stock as the number listed next to the underwriter’s name in the preceding table bears to the total number of shares of our common stock listed next to the names of all underwriters in the preceding table.

 

The following table shows the per share and total price to public, underwriting discounts and commissions and proceeds before expenses to us and the selling stockholder. These amounts are shown assuming both no exercise and full exercise of the underwriters’ over-allotment option to purchase up to an additional             shares of our common stock.

 

            Total  
     Per
Share
     No
Exercise
     Full
Exercise
 

Price to public

   $                    $                    $                

Underwriting discounts and commissions to be paid by:

        

Us

   $         $         $     

The selling stockholder

   $         $         $     

Proceeds, before expenses, to us (1)

   $         $         $     

Proceeds, before expenses, to the selling stockholder

   $         $         $     

 

(1)   Excludes an aggregate structuring fee equal to 0.50% of the gross proceeds of this offering, or $             ($             if the underwriters exercise their over-allotment option in full), payable by us to certain of the underwriters.

 

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The estimated offering expenses payable by us, exclusive of the underwriting discounts and commissions and the structuring fee, are approximately $        . We will pay the filing fees and up to $25,000 of the expenses (including the reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel to the underwriters) related to obtaining the required approval of certain terms of this offering from FINRA.

 

The underwriters have informed us that they do not intend sales to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority to exceed 5% of the total number of shares of our common stock offered by them.

 

We intend to apply to have our common stock listed on the NYSE under the symbol “            .”

 

Subject to certain exceptions, we, all of our officers, directors and Phoenix Fund have agreed that, without the prior written consent of the representatives on behalf of the underwriters, we and they will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of this prospectus:

 

   

offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our common stock;

 

   

file any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock; or

 

   

enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock;

 

whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. Additionally, all of our other stockholders have agreed with us not to directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell, grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of our common stock for 180 days, in the case of the holder who is the selling stockholder in this offering, and 60 days, in the case of holders who are not selling stock in this offering, in each case after the date of this prospectus. We have agreed not to waive or otherwise modify this agreement without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of this offering.

 

The restrictions described in the immediately preceding paragraph do not apply to the sale of shares to the underwriters or transactions by any person other than us, our directors and officers and Phoenix Fund relating to shares of our common stock or other securities acquired in this offering or in open market transactions after completion of this offering.

 

The representatives, in their sole discretion, may release, or authorize us to release, as the case may be, the common stock and other securities subject to the lock-up agreements described above in whole or in part at any time with or without notice.

 

In order to facilitate this offering, the underwriters may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the common stock. Specifically, the underwriters may sell more shares than they are obligated to purchase under the underwriting agreement, creating a short position. A short sale is covered if the short position is no greater than the number of shares available for purchase by the underwriters under the over-allotment option. The underwriters can close out a covered short sale by exercising the over-allotment option or purchasing shares in the open market. In determining the source of shares to close out a covered short sale, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the open market price of shares compared to the price available under the over-allotment option. The underwriters may also sell shares in excess of the over-allotment option, creating a naked short position. The underwriters must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of the common stock in the open market after pricing that could

 

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adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. As an additional means of facilitating this offering, the underwriters may bid for, and purchase, shares of our common stock in the open market to stabilize the price of the common stock. These activities may raise or maintain the market price of the common stock above independent market levels or prevent or retard a decline in the market price of the common stock. The underwriters are not required to engage in these activities and may end any of these activities at any time.

 

We, the selling stockholder and the underwriters have agreed to indemnify each other against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.

 

A prospectus in electronic format may be made available on websites maintained by one or more underwriters, or selling group members, if any, participating in this offering. The representatives may agree to allocate a number of shares of our common stock to underwriters for sale to their online brokerage account holders. Internet distributions will be allocated by the representatives to underwriters that may make Internet distributions on the same basis as other allocations.

 

Pricing of the Offering

 

Immediately prior to this offering, there was no public market for our common stock. The initial price to public was determined by negotiations between us and the representatives. Among the factors considered in determining the initial price to public were our future prospects and those of our industry in general, our revenues, results of operations and certain other financial and operating information in recent periods, and the valuation measures, market prices of securities and certain financial and operating information of companies engaged in activities similar to ours.

 

Directed Share Program

 

At our request, the underwriters have reserved             percent of the shares of our common offered by this prospectus for sale, at the initial price to public, to our directors, officers, employees, business associates and related persons. Any such shares purchased by such person will be subject to a 180-day lock-up restriction. The number of shares of our common stock available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent these individuals purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved shares that are not so purchased will be offered by the underwriters to the general public on the same basis as the other shares offered by this prospectus.

 

Conflicts of Interest

 

Affiliates of Morgan Stanley & Co. LLC, Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, Jefferies LLC and Raymond James & Associates, Inc. are lenders under our $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility and will receive a pro rata portion of the net proceeds from this offering used to repay amounts outstanding thereunder. Because affiliates of one or more of the underwriters are lenders under our senior secured revolving credit facility, it is possible that more than 5% of the proceeds from this offering (not including the underwriting discount) may be received by an underwriter and/or its affiliates. Nonetheless, the appointment of a qualified independent underwriter is not necessary in connection with this offering because REITs are excluded from the requirement of Rule 5121 of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc.

 

Other Relationships

 

Some of the underwriters and their affiliates may in the future engage in investment banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with us and/or our affiliates. In the future, they may receive customary fees and commissions for these transactions.

 

The underwriters and their respective affiliates are full service financial institutions engaged in various activities, which may include securities trading, commercial and investment banking, financial advisory,

 

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investment management, investment research, principal investment, hedging, financing and brokerage activities. In the ordinary course of their business activities, the underwriters and their affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. The underwriters and their affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

 

Selling Restrictions

 

Notice to Prospective Investors in the European Economic Area

 

This prospectus is not a prospectus for the purposes of the European Union’s Directive 2003/71/EC (and any amendments thereto, including Directive 2010/73/EU) as implemented in member states of the European Economic Area, or the Prospectus Directive. Neither we nor the underwriters have authorized, nor do we or they authorize, the making of any offer of shares of our common stock through any financial intermediary, other than offers made by an underwriter which constitutes the final placement of shares of our common stock contemplated in this prospectus.

 

In relation to each member state of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive, or each, a Relevant Member State, with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State, no offer of shares of our common stock, which are the subject of the offering contemplated by this prospectus, may be made to the public in that Relevant Member State other than:

 

   

to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Directive;

 

   

to fewer than 100, or if that Relevant Member State has implemented the relevant provisions of Directive 2010/73/EU 150, natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive), as permitted under the Prospectus Directive, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the representatives for any such offer; or

 

   

in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive;

 

provided that no such offer of shares of our common stock shall require the publication by us or any underwriter of a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive.

 

For the purposes of this provision, the expression an “offer to the public” in relation to any shares of our common stock in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and any shares of our common stock to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe to any shares of our common stock, as the same may be varied in that Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in that Relevant Member State.

 

Notice to Prospective Investors in the United Kingdom

 

In the United Kingdom, this prospectus is only being distributed to, and is only directed at, persons who either (1) have professional experience in matters relating to investments and fall within Article 19(5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, or the Order, or (2) are persons falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) (“high net worth companies, unincorporated associations etc”) of the Order (each such person being referred to as a “Relevant Person”). Any investment or investment activity to which this prospectus relates is available only to Relevant Persons and will be engaged in only with Relevant Persons. This prospectus must not be acted or relied on by persons who are not Relevant Persons.

 

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Notice to Prospective Investors in Australia

 

No prospectus or other disclosure document (as defined in the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) of Australia, or the Corporations Act) in relation to shares of our common stock has been or will be lodged with the Australian Securities & Investments Commission, or the ASIC. This document has not been lodged with ASIC and is only directed to certain categories of exempt persons. Accordingly, if you receive this document in Australia:

 

  (1)   you confirm and warrant that you are either:

 

  (a)   a “sophisticated investor” under section 708(8)(a) or (b) of the Corporations Act;

 

  (b)   a “sophisticated investor” under section 708(8)(c) or (d) of the Corporations Act and that you have provided an accountant’s certificate to us which complies with the requirements of section 708(8)(c)(i) or (ii) of the Corporations Act and related regulations before the offer has been made;

 

  (c)   a person associated with the company under section 708(12) of the Corporations Act; or

 

  (d)   a “professional investor” within the meaning of section 708(11)(a) or (b) of the Corporations Act, and to the extent that you are unable to confirm or warrant that you are an exempt sophisticated investor, associated person or professional investor under the Corporations Act any offer made to you under this document is void and incapable of acceptance; and

 

  (2)   you warrant and agree that you will not offer any shares of our common stock for resale in Australia within 12 months of those shares of our common stock being issued unless any such resale offer is exempt from the requirement to issue a disclosure document under section 708 of the Corporations Act.

 

Notice to Prospective Investors in Chile

 

Shares of our common stock are not registered in the Securities Registry (Registro de Valores) or subject to the control of the Chilean Securities and Exchange Commission (Superintendencia de Valores y Seguros de Chile). This prospectus and other offering materials relating to the offer of shares of our common stock do not constitute a public offer of, or an invitation to subscribe for or purchase, shares of our common stock in the Republic of Chile, other than to individually identified purchasers pursuant to a private offering within the meaning of Article 4 of the Chilean Securities Market Act (Ley de Mercado de Valores) (an offer that is not “addressed to the public at large or to a certain sector or specific group of the public”).

 

Notice to Prospective Investors in Hong Kong

 

Shares of our common stock may not be offered or sold in Hong Kong by means of any document other than (1) in circumstances which do not constitute an offer to the public within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32, Laws of Hong Kong), (2) to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder or (3) in other circumstances which do not result in the document being a “prospectus” within the meaning of the Companies Ordinance (Cap. 32, Laws of Hong Kong), and no advertisement, invitation or document relating to shares of our common stock may be issued or may be in the possession of any person for the purpose of issue (in each case whether in Hong Kong or elsewhere), which is directed at, or the contents of which are likely to be accessed or read by, the public in Hong Kong (except if permitted to do so under the laws of Hong Kong) other than with respect to shares of our common stock that are, or are intended to be, disposed of only to persons outside Hong Kong or only to “professional investors” within the meaning of the Securities and Futures Ordinance (Cap. 571, Laws of Hong Kong) and any rules made thereunder.

 

Notice to Prospective Investors in Japan

 

Shares of our common stock offered in this prospectus have not been and will not be registered under the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law of Japan (Law No. 25 of 1948, as amended), or the Financial

 

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Instruments and Exchange Law. Shares of our common stock have not been offered or sold and will not be offered or sold, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to or for the account or benefit of any resident of Japan (which term as used herein means any person resident in Japan, including any corporation or other entity incorporated or organized under the laws of Japan), or to, or for the account or benefit of, others for re-offering or resale, directly or indirectly, in Japan or to, or for the account or benefit of, any resident of Japan, except (1) pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and (2) otherwise in compliance with the Financial Instruments and Exchange Law and any other applicable requirements of Japanese law.

 

Notice to Prospective Investors in Singapore

 

This prospectus has not been registered as a prospectus with the Monetary Authority of Singapore. Accordingly, this prospectus and any other document or material in connection with the offer or sale, or invitation for subscription or purchase, of shares of our common stock may not be circulated or distributed, nor may shares of our common stock be offered or sold, or be made the subject of an invitation for subscription or purchase, whether directly or indirectly, to persons in Singapore other than (1) to an institutional investor under Section 274 of the Securities and Futures Act, Chapter 289 of Singapore, or the SFA, (2) to a relevant person pursuant to Section 275(1), or any person pursuant to Section 275(1A), and in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA or (3) otherwise pursuant to, and in accordance with the conditions of, any other applicable provision of the SFA, in each case subject to compliance with conditions set forth in the SFA.

 

Where shares of our common stock are subscribed or purchased under Section 275 of the SFA by a relevant person which is:

 

   

a corporation (which is not an accredited investor (as defined in Section 4A of the SFA)) the sole business of which is to hold investments and the entire share capital of which is owned by one or more individuals, each of whom is an accredited investor; or

 

   

a trust (where the trustee is not an accredited investor) whose sole purpose is to hold investments and each beneficiary of the trust is an individual who is an accredited investor;

 

shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or the beneficiaries’ rights and interest (howsoever described) in that trust shall not be transferred within six months after that corporation or that trust has acquired shares of our common stock pursuant to an offer made under Section 275 of the SFA except:

 

   

to an institutional investor (for corporations, under Section 274 of the SFA) or to a relevant person defined in Section 275(2) of the SFA, or to any person pursuant to an offer that is made on terms that such shares, debentures and units of shares and debentures of that corporation or such rights and interest in that trust are acquired at a consideration of not less than S$200,000 (or its equivalent in a foreign currency) for each transaction, whether such amount is to be paid for in cash or by exchange of securities or other assets, and further for corporations, in accordance with the conditions specified in Section 275 of the SFA;

 

   

where no consideration is or will be given for the transfer; or

 

   

where the transfer is by operation of law.

 

Notice to Prospective Investors in Switzerland

 

We have not and will not register with the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority, or FINMA, as a foreign collective investment scheme pursuant to Article 119 of the Federal Act on Collective Investment Scheme of 23 June 2006, as amended, or CISA, and accordingly shares of our common stock being offered pursuant to this prospectus have not and will not be approved, and may not be licenseable, with FINMA. Therefore, shares of our common stock have not been authorized for distribution by FINMA as a foreign

 

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collective investment scheme pursuant to Article 119 CISA and shares of our common stock offered hereby may not be offered to the public (as this term is defined in Article 3 CISA) in or from Switzerland. Shares of our common stock may solely be offered to “qualified investors,” as this term is defined in Article 10 CISA, and in the circumstances set out in Article 3 of the Ordinance on Collective Investment Scheme of 22 November 2006, as amended, or CISO, such that there is no public offer. Investors, however, do not benefit from protection under CISA or CISO or supervision by FINMA. This prospectus and any other materials relating to shares of our common stock are strictly personal and confidential to each offeree and do not constitute an offer to any other person. This prospectus may only be used by those qualified investors to whom it has been handed out in connection with the offer described herein and may neither directly or indirectly be distributed or made available to any person or entity other than its recipients. It may not be used in connection with any other offer and shall in particular not be copied and/or distributed to the public in Switzerland or from Switzerland. This prospectus does not constitute an issue prospectus as that term is understood pursuant to Article 652a and/or 1156 of the Swiss Federal Code of Obligations. We have not applied for a listing of shares of our common stock on the SIX Swiss Exchange or any other regulated securities market in Switzerland, and consequently, the information presented in this prospectus does not necessarily comply with the information standards set out in the listing rules of the SIX Swiss Exchange and corresponding prospectus schemes annexed to the listing rules of the SIX Swiss Exchange.

 

Notice to Prospective Investors in the Dubai International Financial Centre

 

This prospectus relates to an Exempt Offer in accordance with the Offered Securities Rules of the Dubai Financial Services Authority, or DFSA. This prospectus is intended for distribution only to persons of a type specified in the Offered Securities Rules of the DFSA. It must not be delivered to, or relied on by, any other person. The DFSA has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with Exempt Offers. The DFSA has not approved this prospectus nor taken steps to verify the information set forth herein and has no responsibility for the prospectus. Shares of our common stock may be illiquid and/or subject to restrictions on their resale. Prospective purchasers of shares of our common stock offered should conduct their own due diligence on shares of our common stock. If you do not understand the contents of this prospectus you should consult an authorized financial advisor.

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

 

Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for us by Hunton & Williams LLP. In addition, the description of the federal income tax consequences contained in the section of this prospectus captioned “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations” is based upon the opinion of Hunton & Williams LLP. Venable LLP will issue an opinion as to certain matters of Maryland law, including the validity of the shares of our common stock offered in this prospectus. Sidley Austin LLP has acted as counsel to the underwriters. Hunton & Williams LLP and Sidley Austin LLP may rely on the opinion of Venable LLP as to certain matters of Maryland law.

 

EXPERTS

 

The consolidated financial statements and schedules of American Residential Properties, Inc. at December 31, 2012, and for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, appearing in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

The financial statement of Empire Arizona Properties for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing in this prospectus and registration statement has been audited by Semple, Marchal & Cooper, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and is included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

The financial statement of Wymont Arizona Properties for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing in this prospectus and registration statement has been audited by EKS&H LLLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and is included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

Unless otherwise indicated, all economic and demographic data and forecasts included in this prospectus, including information relating to the historical and forecasted economic and demographic conditions in our markets contained in the sections of this prospectus captioned “Prospectus Summary,” “Industry Overview and Market Opportunity” and “Our Business and Investments,” is derived from a market study prepared for us by JBREC, and is included in this prospectus in reliance on JBREC’s authority as an expert in such matters. We have agreed to pay JBREC a total fee of $62,572 for the market information and reports it provides to us, of which $16,202 has been paid and $46,370 will be paid upon completion of this offering. Under our agreement with JBREC, we have agreed to indemnify JBREC and its affiliates and employees against claims and damages, including claims and damages under the Securities Act, arising out of our use of the market information provided to us by JBREC in connection with this offering, except to the extent such claims or damages result from the bad faith, gross negligence, willful misconduct or knowing violation of law by JBREC or its affiliates or employees.

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-11, of which this prospectus is a part, under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of our common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information about our company and the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete and, where that contract or other document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement in this prospectus is qualified in all respects by the exhibit to which the

 

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reference relates. Copies of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto, may be examined without charge at the public reference room of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information about the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0300. Copies of all or a portion of the registration statement can be obtained from the public reference room of the SEC upon payment of prescribed fees. Our SEC filings, including our registration statement, are also available to you, free of charge, on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

As a result of this offering, we will become subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and we will file periodic reports and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports and other information will be available for inspection and copying at the SEC’s public reference facilities and the website of the SEC referred to above.

 

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page  

American Residential Properties, Inc.—Consolidated Financial Statements

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-2   

Consolidated Balance Sheet

     F-3   

Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

     F-4   

Consolidated Statement of Equity

     F-5   

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

     F-6   

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-7   

Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

     F-19   

Schedule IV—Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

     F-21   

 

All other schedules are omitted, because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

 

Empire Arizona Properties—Financial Statement

  

Independent Auditors’ Report

     F-22   

Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses

     F-23   

Notes to Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses

     F-24   

 

Wymont Arizona Properties—Financial Statement

  

Independent Auditors ’ Report

     F-26   

Statement of Revenues and Certain Operating Expenses

     F-27   

Notes to Statement of Revenues and Certain Operating Expenses

     F-28   

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of

American Residential Properties, Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of American Residential Properties, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, equity, and cash flows for the period March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012. Our audit also included the financial statement schedules listed in the accompanying index to consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedules based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of American Residential Properties, Inc. at December 31, 2012, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the period March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

 

                                     /s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

Phoenix, Arizona

March 22, 2013, except for Note 11, as to which the date is April 22, 2013

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

As of December 31, 2012

 

Assets

  

Investment in real estate:

  

Land

   $ 44,381   

Building and improvements

     171,598   

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

     1,994   
  

 

 

 
     217,973   

Less: accumulated depreciation

     (1,277
  

 

 

 

Investment in real estate, net

     216,696   

Mortgage financings

     13,025   

Cash and cash equivalents

     101,725   

Acquisition deposits

     217   

Rents and other receivables, net

     1,703   

Due from related party

     26   

Deferred leasing costs and lease intangibles, net

     1,576   

Investment in unconsolidated ventures

     10,060   

Goodwill

     3,500   

Other, net

     899   
  

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 349,427   
  

 

 

 

Liabilities and equity

  

Liabilities:

  

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

   $ 2,438   

Security deposits

     626   

Prepaid rent

     132   
  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     3,196   

Equity:

  

American Residential Properties, Inc. stockholders’ equity:

  

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding

     —     

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 18,387,257 shares issued and outstanding

     184   

Additional paid-in capital

     346,851   

Accumulated deficit

     (6,139
  

 

 

 

Total American Residential Properties, Inc. stockholders’ equity

     340,896   

Non-controlling interests

     5,335   
  

 

 

 

Total equity

     346,231   
  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

   $ 349,427   
  

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(amounts in thousands, except share and per-share amounts)

Period from March 30, 2012 (Inception) through December 31, 2012

 

Revenue:

  

Self-managed rental revenue

   $ 1,746   

Preferred operator rental revenue

     449   

Management services (related party)

     238   

Interest and other

     497   
  

 

 

 

Total revenue

     2,930   

Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     912   

Real estate taxes

     608   

Homeowners’ association fees

     330   

Acquisition

     760   

Depreciation and amortization

     1,804   

General, administrative and other

     4,837   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     9,251   
  

 

 

 

Loss from continuing operations before equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     (6,321

Equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     83   
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

     (6,238
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests

     99   
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (6,139
  

 

 

 

Basic and diluted loss per share:

  

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (0.53
  

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding

     11,536,193   
  

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

Period from March 30, 2012 (Inception) through December 31, 2012

 

    Number of
Shares
Common
Stock
    Common
Stock
    Preferred
Stock
    Additional
Paid-In
Capital
    Accumulated
Deficit
    Non-
Controlling
Interests
    Total
Equity
 

Balance, March 30, 2012 (inception)

    —        $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —     

Issuance of common equity

    18,387,257        184        —          346,851        —          —          347,035   

Issuance of non-controlling interests

    —          —          —          —          —          3,500        3,500   

Net loss

    —          —          —          —          (6,139     (99     (6,238

Other comprehensive loss

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Share-based compensation

    —          —          —          —          —          1,934        1,934   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2012

    18,387,257      $ 184      $ —        $ 346,851      $ (6,139   $ 5,335      $ 346,231   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(amounts in thousands)

Period from March 30, 2012 (Inception) through December 31, 2012

 

Operating activities

  

Net loss

   $ (6,238

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

  

Depreciation and amortization

     1,804   

Amortization of stock-based compensation

     1,934   

Bad debt expense

     49   

Straight line rent revenue

     (46

Equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     (83

Distributions from unconsolidated ventures

     83   

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

  

Rent and other receivables, net

     (1,708

Due from related party

     (26

Deferred leasing costs

     (178

Other assets, net

     (927

Accounts payable and other liabilities

     2,564   
  

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

     (2,772

Investing activities

  

Additions to investment in real estate

     (2,819

Property acquisitions, including acquired in-place leases

     (216,417

Investment in mortgage financings

     (14,410

Repayment from mortgage financings

     1,385   

Contributions to unconsolidated ventures

     (10,156

Distributions from unconsolidated ventures

     96   

Increase in acquisition deposits

     (217
  

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (242,538

Financing activities

  

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

     371,222   

Common stock issuance transaction costs

     (24,187
  

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     347,035   
  

 

 

 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     101,725   

Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period

     —     
  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents—end of period

   $ 101,725   
  

 

 

 

Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities

  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities for additions to investments in real estate

   $ 634   

Acquisition of management company business in exchange for operating partnership units

   $ 3,500   

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2012

 

1. Company’s Organization and Operations

 

As used in these consolidated financial statements and related notes, the terms “American Residential Properties, Inc.,” “us,” “we” and “our” refer to American Residential Properties, Inc. We are an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns and manages single-family homes as rental properties. As of December 31, 2012, we own 1,775 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Nevada and Texas. We conduct substantially all of our operations through (1) American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or our Operating Partnership, in which we have a 99.0% interest as of December 31, 2012 and for which, through our wholly owned subsidiary, American Residential GP, LLC, we serve as sole general partner, and (2) American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, or our TRS.

 

Upon closing our initial private offering in May 2012, we issued 11,198,757 shares of our common stock to various institutional investors and accredited investors at an offering price of $20.00 per share, and we received approximately $208.7 million of net proceeds. Upon closing our follow-on private offering in December 2012, we issued 7,187,500 shares of our common stock to various institutional investors and accredited investors at an offering price of $20.50 per share, and we received approximately $138.3 million of net proceeds. We contributed the net proceeds from these offerings and our incorporation to our Operating Partnership in exchange for an aggregate of 18,387,257 units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership, or OP units. In addition, upon closing our initial private offering, we acquired substantially all of the assets of American Residential Management, Inc., or ARM, a company co-owned by our founders, Stephen G. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Laurie A. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer, pursuant to a contribution and sale agreement between our Operating Partnership and ARM (Note 7). ARM is the vehicle within which our founders further developed our proprietary real estate acquisition and management platform. Our Operating Partnership issued 175,000 OP units to ARM and we paid $85,000 in cash as consideration for our acquisition of the ARM assets. As a result, upon completion of our initial private offering, we owned our founders’ proprietary real estate acquisition and management platform. We consider May 11, 2012, the closing date of our initial private offering and of our acquisition of the ARM assets, to be the date on which we first commenced investment activities.

 

We intend to make an election to qualify, and believe we are operating so as to qualify, as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes beginning with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. Assuming that we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we will generally not be subject to federal income taxes to the extent that we distribute substantially all of our taxable income to our stockholders and meet other specific requirements.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Basis of Accounting

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of American Residential Properties, Inc., our Operating Partnership and the wholly owned subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership. All majority-owned subsidiaries are consolidated and included in our consolidated financial statements. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

 

Investment in Real Estate

 

Property acquired not subject to an existing lease is accounted for as an asset acquisition, with the property recorded at the purchase price, including acquisition costs, allocated between land and building and improvements based upon their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. Property acquired with an existing lease is recorded as a business combination. For properties acquired through portfolio transactions, we determine whether the acquisition qualifies as a business combination based on the nature and status of the properties as of the acquisition date. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially leased at acquisition is treated as a business combination. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially vacant at acquisition is treated as an asset acquisition. To date, portfolio acquisitions were comprised of properties that were substantially leased at acquisition and accordingly were accounted for as business combinations. For property acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, the land, building and improvements and the existing lease are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, with acquisition costs expensed as incurred.

 

Fair value is determined under the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements , primarily based on unobservable market data inputs, which are categorized as Level 3 inputs. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize our market knowledge and published market data. Our real estate portfolio is depreciated using the straight–line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, ranging from 5 to 27.5 years.

 

In-place lease intangibles associated with the preferred operator program are valued based on management’s estimates of lost rent and carrying costs while in-place lease intangibles associated with the acquisition of self-managed homes are valued based on management’s estimate of lost rent during the time it would take to locate a tenant and execute a lease if the property were vacant, considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating lost rent and carrying costs, management considers market rents, real estate taxes, insurance, costs to execute similar leases (including leasing commissions) and other related costs. The value assigned to in-place leases is amortized on a straight-line basis as a component of depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining initial term of the related lease. The leases reflect market rental rates.

 

We incur costs to prepare our acquired properties to be rented. These costs (including direct internal costs) are capitalized and allocated to building costs. Costs related to the restoration or improvement of our properties (including direct internal costs, primarily comprised of payroll expense) that improve and extend their useful lives are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

We evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Significant indicators of impairment may include, but are not limited to, declines in home values, rental rates and occupancy percentages and significant changes in the economy. We make our assessment at the individual property level because it represents the lowest level of cash flows. If an impairment indicator exists, we compare the expected future undiscounted cash flows from the

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

property against its net carrying amount. We prepare our future undiscounted cash flow analysis using estimates based on current rental rates, renewals and occupancy, operating expenses and inputs from our annual planning process and historical performance. When preparing these estimates, we consider each property’s historical results, current operating trends and current market conditions. These estimates may be impacted by variable factors, including inflation, expected rental rates, the general health of the economy and market competition. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the net carrying amount of the property, we record an impairment loss for the difference between the estimated fair value of the individual property and the carrying amount of the property at that date. To determine the estimated fair value, we consider both recent comparable homes sales and the use of discounted projected future cash flows. The rates used to discount projected future cash flows reflect market discount rates. No impairments were recorded during the period ended December 31, 2012.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We lease single-family residences we own and manage directly to tenants who occupy the properties under operating leases, generally, with terms of one year. Generally we perform credit investigations on prospective tenants and obtain security deposits. Rental revenue, net of any concessions, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, which is not materially different than if it were recorded when due from tenants and recognized monthly as it is earned. Properties that are subject to longer-term operating arrangements with preferred operators are leased to the operator for a minimum of five to ten years with renewal options. These operators are responsible for taxes, insurance and maintenance of the properties under the terms of the operating arrangements. Under our preferred operator program, we earn base rental revenue paid monthly, with contractual minimum annual rent increases on each anniversary of the lease commencement date. We recognize rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We also earn percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of the gross revenue the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. Percentage rental revenue is recorded when the gross revenue collected from the sub-tenants is known and the amount can be calculated.

 

Mortgage Financings

 

We hold mortgage financing receivables for investment. The receivables are carried at cost, net of related unamortized premiums or discounts, if any. The mortgage loans are secured by single-family homes.

 

Interest income on mortgage financings is recognized on the effective interest method applied on a loan-by-loan basis. Direct costs, if any, associated with funding loans are offset against any related fees received and the balance, along with any premium or discount, is deferred and amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the terms of the related loans using the effective interest method.

 

Mortgage loans as of December 31, 2012 include approximately $12.2 million of short-term loans with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 12.1% and a weighted-average remaining term of approximately 155 days and approximately $0.8 million in long-term loans with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 7.99% and a weighted-average remaining term of approximately 30 years.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents are held in depository accounts with financial institutions that are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC. Cash balances with institutions may be in excess of federally insured limits or may be invested in time deposits that are not insured by the institution, the FDIC or any other

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

government agency. We have not realized any losses in such cash investments and we believe that these investments are not exposed to any significant credit risk. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when acquired. Such investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value.

 

Included in the cash and cash equivalents balance is approximately $0.4 million of cash held with designated brokers to facilitate the acquisition of properties.

 

Rents and Other Receivables, Net

 

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses that may result from the inability of tenants or borrowers to make required rent or other payments. This allowance is estimated based on payment history and current credit status. If a tenant or borrower fails to make contractual payments beyond any allowance, we may recognize bad debt expense in future periods equal to the amount of unpaid rent, interest or principal and deferred rent. We generally do not require collateral or other security from our tenants, other than security deposits. Mortgage loans are secured by single-family homes. If estimates of collectability differ from the cash received, then the timing and amount of our reported revenue could be impacted.

 

Our rents and other receivables are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts in our consolidated balance sheet of approximately $41,000 as of December 31, 2012. We recorded a provision for doubtful accounts of approximately $49,000 for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Deferred Leasing Costs and In-Place Lease Intangibles, Net

 

Deferred leasing commissions and other direct costs associated with leasing our properties (including direct internal costs) and in-place lease intangibles are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases.

 

Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures

 

Investments in ventures are generally accounted for under the equity method of accounting when we exercise significant influence over the venture but we do not serve as managing member or control the venture. Net income/loss allocations are included in the investment balance along with the contributions made and distributions received over the life of the investment.

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents the estimated fair value of the real estate acquisition and management platform acquired from ARM (Note 7). Goodwill has an indefinite life and, accordingly, we do not amortize this asset but instead analyze it on an annual basis for impairment. ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, permits us to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount as a basis to determine whether the two-step impairment test is necessary. We also have the option to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to performing the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step in the impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds fair value, the second step is required to determine the amount of the impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Impairment charges, if any, are recognized in operating results. No impairments have been recorded for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

Other Assets, Net

 

Other assets include prepaid expenses, deposits and other miscellaneous assets, including office property and equipment. Office property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets of three to seven years.

 

Acquisition Deposits

 

We have made earnest money deposits relating to offers to purchase rental properties. If the offers to purchase rental properties are not accepted, the deposits will be returned to us.

 

Income Taxes

 

We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 to 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. We believe that we have operated in such a manner as to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Accordingly, we will not be subject to federal income tax, provided that we qualify as a REIT and our distributions to our stockholders equal or exceed our REIT taxable income.

 

However, qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code related to the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that fall within specified categories, the diversity of our capital stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will be organized or be able to operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal and state income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates, and we may be ineligible to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent tax years. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state or local income taxes, and our TRS will be subject to federal, state and local taxes on its income.

 

We have elected to treat our TRS as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Certain activities that we undertake must be conducted in our TRS, such as third-party property management and non-customary services for our tenants and holding assets that we cannot hold directly. Our TRS is subject to both federal and state income taxes. We recorded an approximately $16,000 tax provision as part of general, administrative and other expense in our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

The tax benefit of uncertain tax positions is recognized only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position will be sustained, based solely on its technical merits, with the taxing authority having full knowledge of relevant information. The measurement of a tax benefit for an uncertain tax position that meets the “more likely than not” threshold is based on a cumulative probability model under which the largest amount of tax benefit recognized is the amount with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority, having full knowledge of all the relevant information. As of December 31, 2012, we had no unrecognized tax benefits. We do not anticipate a significant change in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits during 2013.

 

Stock-Based Payments

 

We have awarded stock-based compensation to certain employees and members of our Board of Directors in the form of long-term incentive plan, or LTIP, units (Note 5). We estimate the fair value of the awards and

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

recognize this value over the requisite vesting period. For LTIP units, the fair value is based on the estimated market value of our common stock on the date of grant and a discount for lack of marketability estimated by a third-party consultant. We recorded stock-based compensation cost of approximately $1.9 million as part of general, administrative and other expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Unrecognized compensation cost of approximately $6.6 million, relating to unvested stock-based payments, is expected to be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.4 years.

 

Comprehensive Loss

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss are the same for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Segment Reporting

 

ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting , established standards for the manner in which public enterprises report information about operating segments. We view our operations as one reportable segment.

 

3. Lease Intangibles

 

Our identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2012 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

 

Acquired in-place leases

  

Gross amount

   $ 1,897   

Accumulated amortization

     (453
  

 

 

 
   $ 1,444   
  

 

 

 

 

The impact of the amortization of acquired in-place leases on our depreciation and amortization expense is as follows (in thousands):

 

Period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012

   $ 453   

 

Our estimate of the future amortization of these intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

 

2013

   $ 1,430   

2014

     14   
  

 

 

 
   $ 1,444   
  

 

 

 

 

4. Earnings (Loss) per Share

 

Basic net income or loss attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing reported net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common and contingently issuable shares outstanding during each period.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

A reconciliation of our net loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except share amount):

 

     Period from
March 30, 2012
(inception)
through
December 31,
2012
 

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (6,139
  

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding:

  

Basic and diluted

     11,536,193   
  

 

 

 

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

   $ (0.53
  

 

 

 

 

A total of 493,433 unvested LTIP units were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share because they were anti-dilutive due to our net loss. The effect of the conversion of the OP units and vested LTIP units is not dilutive and is therefore not included in the calculations as we reported a loss. If the OP units and vested LTIP units were converted to common stock, the additional number of shares outstanding for the period ended December 31, 2012 would be 185,490.

 

5. Stock Compensation

 

Equity Compensation Plan Approved by Security Holders

 

The number of shares of our common stock available for grant under the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, or our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, is subject to an aggregate limit which is equal to the lesser of (1) 1,500,000 shares and (2) the number of shares determined by multiplying a percentage (as defined in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan) by the number of shares of our common stock sold by us in any public or private offering. As of December 31, 2012, the aggregate limit under this formula was 861,823 shares. Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan expires on May 11, 2022, except as to any grants which are then outstanding. As of December 31, 2012, there were 357,901 shares of our common stock available for grant under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors has the ability to grant nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted shares of our common stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalents, stock appreciation rights and other awards to our officers, employees, directors and other persons providing services to our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries.

 

In connection with our common equity offering on May 11, 2012, a total of 474,922 LTIP units were issued to members of senior management and our Board of Directors. The LTIP units are a special class of partnership interests in our Operating Partnership with certain restrictions, which are convertible into Operating Partnership units, or OP units, subject to satisfying vesting and other conditions. LTIP unit holders are entitled to receive the same distributions as holders of our OP units (only if we pay such distributions) on the unvested portion of their LTIP units. A total of 10,490 LTIP units were fully vested on the date of grant. A total of 7,500 LTIP units will vest on May 11, 2013. A total of 194,472 LTIP units have a vesting schedule in which one-third of the grant vests in equal annual installments on each of May 11, 2013, 2014 and 2015. A total of 262,460 LTIP units vest upon the first to occur of (1) the date on which a “change in control” (as defined in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan) occurs, (2) the date on which any shares of our common stock become registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, under Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and listed on a national securities exchange or (3) May 11, 2015. On November 7, 2012, a total of 29,000 LTIP units were issued to members of senior management, with a vesting schedule in which one-third of each grant vests in equal annual installments on each of November 7, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Any unvested LTIP unit is forfeited, except in

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

limited circumstances, as determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors, when the recipient is no longer employed by us or when a director leaves our Board of Directors for any reason. LTIP units may be subject to full or partial accelerated vesting under certain circumstances, as described in the applicable award agreement. LTIP units are valued at fair value on the date of grant, with compensation expense recorded in accordance with the applicable vesting schedule over the periods in which the restrictions lapse, that approximates a straight line basis. We valued the LTIP units at a per-unit value equivalent to the per-share offering price of our common stock sold in our initial private offering less a discount for lack of marketability estimated by a third-party consultant.

 

6. Fair Value Measurements

 

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). The three levels of fair value defined in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements , are as follows:

 

   

Level 1—Valuations based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access.

 

   

Level 2—Valuations based on quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

 

   

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, which are typically based on the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

 

Companies are required to disclose the estimated fair values of all financial instruments, even if they are not carried at their fair value. The fair values of financial instruments are estimates based upon market conditions and perceived risks at December 31, 2012. These estimates require management’s judgment and may not be indicative of the future fair values of the assets and liabilities.

 

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, acquisition deposits, rents and other receivables, due from related party, and accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying amount of these instruments approximates fair value because of their short-term nature.

 

Our mortgage financings are also financial instruments, and we estimated their fair value based on market quotes for comparable instruments or discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, market rates and credit spreads. The estimated fair value using Level 3 assumptions approximates the carrying amount of our mortgage financing receivables.

 

7. Transactions With Related Parties

 

In connection with the closing of our initial private offering on May 11, 2012, we acquired from ARM the proprietary, vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform that Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes developed in exchange for 175,000 OP units, valued at $3.5 million, representing a 1.5% limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership, and approximately $85,000 in cash. The OP units were valued at $20 per unit, equivalent to the offering price of each share of our common stock sold in our initial private offering.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

We earn management services fees from ARM pursuant to a cancellable sub-management agreement for the provision of real estate management services to ARM. These services allowed ARM to fulfill its obligations to ARP Phoenix Fund I, LP, or Phoenix Fund, pursuant to a management agreement between ARM and Phoenix Fund. The general partner of Phoenix Fund is ARP Phoenix Fund I GP, LLC, which is owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes. These services included property restoration, leasing and property management and disposition services with respect to the properties owned by Phoenix Fund. Under the sub-management agreement, ARM is required to reimburse our TRS for the actual expenses incurred by our TRS to perform its obligations under the sub-management agreement, plus a fee of 1.0% of the gross rental revenue earned from Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by ARM. We earned approximately $238,000 in property management fees during the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, which are included in management services (related party) in our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Accounts receivable of approximately $26,000 due from ARM are included in due from related party in our consolidated balance sheet and were current as of December 31, 2012.

 

Phoenix Fund purchased 150,000 shares of our common stock in our initial private offering and agreed not to commit to purchase any additional single-family homes.

 

8. Non-Controlling Interests

 

Non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership relate to the interest in our Operating Partnership that is not owned by us and are presented as non-controlling interests in the equity section of our consolidated balance sheet.

 

Non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership have essentially the same economic characteristics as shares of our common stock as they share equally in the net income or loss and distributions of our Operating Partnership. Our limited partners have the right to redeem all or part of their non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership following the one-year anniversary of issuance. At the time of redemption, we have the right to determine whether to redeem the non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership for cash, based upon the fair value of an equivalent number of shares of our common stock at the time of redemption, or exchange them for unregistered shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, issuance of stock rights, specified extraordinary distribution and similar events. In the event of a termination or liquidation of us and our Operating Partnership, it is expected that in most cases each common unit would be entitled to a liquidating distribution equal to the amount payable with respect to each share of our common stock. As of December 31, 2012, there were 185,490 outstanding non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership, representing an approximate 1.0% ownership interest in our Operating Partnership. These units are comprised of 175,000 units issued in connection with our acquisition of the assets and management platform from ARM and 10,490 vested LTIP units.

 

Net income or loss attributable to non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership is allocated based on their relative ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership during the period. The non-controlling ownership interest percentage is determined by dividing the number of non-controlling common units outstanding by the total of the shares of our common stock and non-controlling units outstanding at the balance sheet date. The issuance or redemption of additional shares of our common stock or common units results in changes to our limited partners’ ownership interest in our Operating Partnership, as well as our net assets. As a result, all equity-related transactions result in an allocation between stockholders’ equity and the non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership in the consolidated balance sheet and statement of equity to account for any change in ownership percentage during the period. Our limited partners’ weighted-average share of our net loss was 1.6% for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

9. Commitments and Contingencies

 

Operating Lease

 

We entered into operating lease agreements to provide office space for our corporate offices.

 

Our future minimum obligations under the operating leases as of December 31, 2012 are as follows (in thousands):

 

2013

   $ 200   

2014

     287   

2015

     292   

2016

     298   

2017

     303   

Thereafter

     25   
  

 

 

 
   $ 1,405   
  

 

 

 

 

Rent expense for the period ended December 31, 2012 was $81,000.

 

Litigation

 

From time to time, we are subject to potential liability under various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Liabilities are established for legal claims when payments associated with the claims become probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving legal claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts established for those claims. Based on information currently available, management is not aware of any legal claims that would have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements and therefore no accrual is required as of December 31, 2012.

 

Accepted Purchase Offers

 

As of December 31, 2012, we have committed to purchase rental properties totaling approximately $7.5 million. These are offers to purchase rental properties that were accepted by the seller but not closed as of December 31, 2012. Acquisition deposits were paid through December 31, 2012 related to these rental property purchase commitments.

 

Homeowners’ Association Fees

 

Certain of our properties are located in communities that are subject to homeowners’ association fees. The fees are generally billed monthly and subject to annual adjustments. The fees cover the costs of maintaining common areas and are generally paid for by us.

 

Concentrations

 

Approximately 72% of our properties are located in Arizona and California, which exposes us to greater economic risks than if we owned a more geographically dispersed portfolio.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

Executive Bonus

 

We entered into employment agreements with our Chief Executive Officer and our President under which we are committed to pay bonuses relating to the registration and listing or the public issuance of our common stock. Each of the two executives is entitled to be paid a special cash bonus of $250,000 if, by April 30, 2013, we file with the SEC a shelf registration statement relating to the registration of the shares sold in our initial private offering for resale in accordance with the terms set forth in the related registration rights agreements, and each of the two executives is entitled to be paid an additional special cash bonus of $250,000 if, prior to October 29, 2013 (or 60 days later if deferred as a result of our completion of our initial public offering prior to October 29, 2013), the shares sold in our initial private offering have become registered with the SEC and listed on a national securities exchange.

 

10. Rental Revenue

 

Our properties are leased to tenants under operating leases with initial expiration dates ranging from 2012 to 2022. Our leases on self-managed properties are leased to residential tenants with a term of one year, where the tenant is responsible for the payment of the property utilities and we are responsible for the payment of the property taxes, insurance, homeowners’ association fees and property operating and maintenance costs (including ordinary repair and maintenance). Our longer-term operating leases with preferred operators have lease terms with a minimum of five to ten years with renewal options. The operators/lessees under these longer-term leases are responsible for all property-level operating expenses, including taxes, insurance and maintenance, and other similar expenses of the property. The future minimum rental revenue to be received from tenants or lessees as of December 31, 2012 is as follows (in thousands):

 

2013

   $ 8,962   

2014

     3,946   

2015

     3,850   

2016

     3,921   

2017

     4,039   

Thereafter

     9,820   
  

 

 

 
   $ 34,538   
  

 

 

 

 

11. Subsequent Events

 

From January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2013, we acquired 756 single-family homes. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have under contract 785 single-family homes. Additionally, for the period from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2013, we funded approximately $13.6 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties or loans we have under contract.

 

On January 18, 2013, we finalized a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. In addition to customary affirmative and negative covenants, the credit agreement requires us to comply with various financial covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a minimum tangible net worth and a minimum liquidity amount.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

On January 25, 2013, we issued 37,600 shares of our common stock at a price of $20.50 per share in a private placement pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, receiving gross proceeds of approximately $0.8 million.

 

On February 11, 2013, ARM, Phoenix Fund and our TRS terminated the property management and sub-management agreements for the provision of real estate management services to Phoenix Fund, and our TRS entered into a management agreement directly with Phoenix Fund, pursuant to which our TRS performs the same services to Phoenix Fund for a fee in an amount equal to 6.0% of the gross rental revenue received by Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by our TRS.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

SCHEDULE III—REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012

(dollar amounts in thousands)

 

                   Initial Cost to
Company (1)
     Cost Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition

(Improvements)
     Gross Amounts at
December 31, 2012
        

County

   State      Number of
Single-Family
Homes
     Land      Depreciable
Property
     Land      Depreciable
Property
     Land      Depreciable
Property
     Total      Accumulated
Depreciation (2)
     Date of
Acquisition
 

Clark

     NV         47       $ 928       $ 3,718         —         $ 356       $ 928       $ 4,074       $ 5,002       $ 56         2012   

Clayton

     GA         24         292         1,197         —           —           292         1,197         1,489         4         2012   

Cobb

     GA         2         25         101         —           —           25         101         126         —           2012   

Collin

     TX         6         204         823         —           2         204         825         1,029         3         2012   

Cook

     IL         200         5,252         21,308         —           —           5,252         21,308         26,560         69         2012   

Dallas

     TX         11         283         1,147         —           2         283         1,149         1,432         4         2012   

DeKalb

     GA         8         94         389         —           —           94         389         483         2         2012   

Denton

     TX         2         47         193         —           —           47         193         240         1         2012   

Douglas

     GA         3         43         175         —           —           43         175         218         1         2012   

Fulton

     GA         27         386         1,565         —           1         386         1,566         1,952         6         2012   

Gwinnett

     GA         2         35         140         —           —           35         140         175         1         2012   

Henry

     GA         2         27         110         —           —           27         110         137         —           2012   

Kern

     CA         5         154         438         —           1         154         439         593         3         2012   

Lee

     FL         138         581         5,450         —           —           581         5,450         6,031         58         2012   

Los Angeles

     CA         24         864         2,460         —           14         864         2,474         3,338         18         2012   

Maricopa

     AZ         897         22,616         91,514         —           740         22,616         92,254         114,870         518         2012   

Newton

     GA         2         26         106         —           —           26         106         132         —           2012   

Parker

     TX         1         20         82         —           —           20         82         102         —           2012   

Paulding

     GA         2         26         105         —           —           26         105         131         —           2012   

Pinal

     AZ         82         2,107         8,547         —           35         2,107         8,582         10,689         87         2012   

Riverside

     CA         145         6,130         17,605         —           1,625         6,130         19,230         25,360         283         2012   

Rockdale

     GA         1         12         49         —           —           12         49         61         —           2012   

Rockwall

     TX         9         307         1,228         —           2         307         1,230         1,537         13         2012   

San Bernardino

     CA         66         2,306         6,531         —           572         2,306         7,103         9,409         103         2012   

Stanislaus

     CA         52         1,242         3,535         —           103         1,242         3,638         4,880         42         2012   

Tarrant

     TX         13         289         1,176         —           —           289         1,176         1,465         4         2012   

Will

     IL         4         105         427         —           —           105         427         532         1         2012   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    
        1,775       $ 44,401       $ 170,119         —         $ 3,453       $ 44,401       $ 173,572       $ 217,973       $ 1,277      
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

  (1)   All properties acquired to date for cash and no debt has been incurred. Excludes $1,897 of acquired in-place leases.
  (2)   Except for amounts attributed to land, real estate related assets are depreciated over their estimated useful lives of 5 to 27.5 years using the straight-line method.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

SCHEDULE III—REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012

(dollar amounts in thousands)

 

A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 is as follows:

 

Investments in Real Estate (includes balance sheet line items under investment in real estate):

 

Balance as of March 30, 2012

   $ —     

Acquisitions (1)

     214,520   

Improvements

     3,453   
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

   $ 217,973   
  

 

 

 

 

Accumulated Depreciation (includes balance sheet line items under investment in real estate):

 

Balance as of March 30, 2012

   $ —     

Depreciation Expense

     (1,277
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

   $ (1,277
  

 

 

 

 

  (1)   Excludes $1,897 of acquired in-place leases.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

SCHEDULE IV

MORTGAGE LOANS ON REAL ESTATE

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012

(dollar amounts in thousands)

 

     Stated
Interest
Rate
    Final
Maturity
Date (1)
   Periodic
payment
terms
   Face Amount      Carrying
Amount of
Mortgages
 

Mortgage

             

Mortgage Financings Secured by Single-Family Homes

     12.0-16.0   Feb-2013 to
Nov-2014
   Interest    $ 12,200       $ 12,200   

Long-term Mortgage Financings Secured by Single-Family Homes

     8.0   Dec-2042 to
Jan-2043
   30-year
Amortization
   $ 825       $ 825   

 

  (1)   Reflects scheduled maturity of the investment and does not consider any options to extend beyond the scheduled maturity.

 

     2012  

Reconciliation of Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Balance March 30,

   $ —     

Additions during period

  

New mortgage loans

     14,410   

Deductions during period

  

Collections of principal

     (1,385
  

 

 

 

Mortgage loans receivable December 31,

   $ 13,025   
  

 

 

 

 

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Independent Auditors’ Report

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of

American Residential Properties, Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying statement of revenues and certain expenses of Empire Arizona Properties, as more fully described in Note 1, for the year ended December 31, 2012.

 

Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements

 

Management of American Residential Properties, Inc. is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the statement of revenues and certain expenses in accordance with the basis of accounting described in Note 1; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the statement of revenues and certain expenses that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 

Auditor’s Responsibility

 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the statement of revenues and certain expenses based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the statement of revenues and certain expenses is free from material misstatement.

 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the statement of revenues and certain expenses. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the statement of revenues and certain expenses, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the statement of revenues and certain expenses in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the statement of revenues and certain expenses.

 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

 

Opinion

 

In our opinion, the financial statement referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the revenues and certain expenses of Empire Arizona Properties for the year ended December 31, 2012, on a basis of accounting described in Note 1.

 

Basis of Accounting

 

The accompanying statement of revenues and certain expenses of Empire Arizona Properties was prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for the inclusion in a Form S-11 of American Residential Properties, Inc. As described in Note 1, material amounts that would not be comparable to those resulting from the proposed future operations of Empire Arizona Properties are excluded from the statement of revenues and certain expenses, and the statement of revenues and certain expenses is not intended to be a complete presentation of Empire Arizona Properties’ revenues and expenses.

 

                                     /s/ Semple, Marchal & Cooper, LLP

 

Phoenix, Arizona

April 18, 2013

 

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EMPIRE ARIZONA PROPERTIES

 

STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN EXPENSES

(amounts in thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2012

 

Revenues:

  

Rental revenue

   $ 3,051   

Certain Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     959   

Real estate taxes

     330   

Homeowners’ association fees

     217   
  

 

 

 

Total certain expenses

     1,506   
  

 

 

 

Revenues in excess of certain expenses

   $ 1,545   
  

 

 

 

 

See Independent Auditors’ report and accompanying notes.

 

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EMPIRE ARIZONA PROPERTIES

NOTES TO STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN EXPENSES

December 31, 2012

 

1. General Information

 

On December 31, 2012, American Residential Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) acquired 276 single-family rental properties (collectively the “Empire Arizona Properties”) for approximately $41.1 million, exclusive of transfer taxes, due diligence expenses and other closing costs. The properties are located in and around the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area and were previously substantially acquired during the second half of 2011 by a private limited liability company (the “Seller”). Prior to their acquisition by the Seller, the Empire Arizona Properties were generally owned by their primary residents and were not rental properties. The accompanying statement of revenues and certain expenses include the operations of Empire Arizona Properties.

 

The accompanying statement of revenues and certain expenses has been prepared for the purpose of complying with the provisions of Article 3-14 of Regulation S-X (“Rule 3-14”) of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) for inclusion on the Registration Statement on Form S-11 of American Residential Properties, Inc. Accordingly, the statement of revenues and certain expenses includes historical revenues and certain expenses of Empire Arizona Properties, exclusive of items that may not be comparable to the proposed future operations of Empire Arizona Properties. Such excluded items include depreciation, amortization and other overhead costs, which are not expected to be comparable to the future operations of the Empire Arizona Properties.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and in accordance with the provisions of Rule 3-14, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of revenue and certain expenses during the period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates in the near term.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Rental income attributable to leases is recorded when earned from the tenants. Leases entered into by tenants are primarily for one year. Rent received in advance is deferred and recognized in income when earned.

 

Repair and Maintenance

 

The initial costs to make a home ready for rental are capitalized, which typically include improvements to the property. Once a home is made rent-ready, ongoing expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

 

3. Commitments and Contingencies

 

Litigation

 

Empire Arizona Properties may be subject to legal claims in the ordinary course of business as a property owner. Management currently believes that the ultimate settlement of any potential claims will not have a material impact on the results of operations of Empire Arizona Properties.

 

Environmental Matters

 

In connection with the ownership and operation of real estate, Empire Arizona Properties may be liable for costs and damages related to environmental matters. Management has not been notified by any governmental authority of any non-compliance, liability or other claim, and is not aware of any other environmental condition that it believes will have a material adverse effect on the results of operations for Empire Arizona Properties.

 

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EMPIRE ARIZONA PROPERTIES

NOTES TO STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN EXPENSES—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

4. Subsequent Events

 

Events subsequent to December 31, 2012 were evaluated through the date this financial statement was issued and no additional events were identified requiring further disclosure in this financial statement.

 

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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of

American Residential Properties, Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying statement of revenues and certain operating expenses of the Wymont Arizona Properties for the year ended December 31, 2012.

 

MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN OPERATING EXPENSES

 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses in accordance with basis of accounting described in Note 1; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation the of statement of revenues and certain operating expenses that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 

AUDITORS’ RESPONSIBILITY

 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses based on our audit. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses are free from material misstatement.

 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditors consider internal control relevant to the Wymont Arizona Properties’ preparation and fair presentation of the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Wymont Arizona Properties’ internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses.

 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

 

OPINION

 

In our opinion, the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses of the Wymont Arizona Properties’ present fairly, in all material respects, the results of their operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 in accordance with the basis of accounting described in Note 1.

 

BASIS OF ACCOUNTING

 

We draw attention to Note 1 of the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses, which describes the basis of accounting. The statement of revenues and certain operating expenses was prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for the inclusion in a Registration Statement on Form S-11 of American Residential Properties, Inc. The presentation is not intended to be a complete presentation of the Wymont Arizona Properties’ revenues and expenses.

 

                                     /s/ EKS&H LLLP

 

April 15, 2013

Denver, Colorado

 

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WYMONT ARIZONA PROPERTIES

 

STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN OPERATING EXPENSES

(amounts in thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2012

 

Revenues:

  

Rental revenue

   $ 1,025   

Operating Expenses:

  

Property, operating, and maintenance

     275   

Real estate taxes

     101   

Homeowners’ association fees

     61   

Other

     5   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     442   
  

 

 

 

Revenues in excess of certain operating expenses

   $ 583   
  

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial statement.

 

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WYMONT ARIZONA PROPERTIES

NOTES TO STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN OPERATING EXPENSES

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012

 

1. Background and Basis of Presentation

 

On December 28, 2012, American Residential Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) acquired 85 single-family residential rental properties (collectively, the “Wymont Arizona Properties”) for approximately $13.2 million, exclusive of transfer taxes, due diligence expenses and other closing costs. The properties are located in and around the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area and were previously acquired between May 2011 and March 2012 by a private limited liability company (the “Seller”). Prior to acquisition by the Seller, the Wymont Arizona Properties were generally owned by their primary residents and were not rental properties.

 

The accompanying statement of revenues and certain operating expenses has been prepared for the purpose of complying with Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for inclusion on Form S-11 of American Residential Properties, Inc., and exclude certain material items. Such material items include mortgage interest, depreciation and amortization, and other administrative costs not directly related to the future operations of the Wymont Arizona Properties. Accordingly, this financial statement is not intended to be a complete presentation of the Wymont Arizona Properties revenues and expenses, due to the exclusion of certain expenses which may not be comparable to the proposed future operations of the Wymont Arizona Properties.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenue and certain operating expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The future results of operations could be significantly impacted by the rental markets in which the Wymont Arizona Properties are located, as well as by general overall economic conditions. Management is not aware of any material factors, other than those discussed above, that would cause the information included herein to not be necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Rental income attributable to leases is recorded when earned from the tenants. Leases entered into by tenants are primarily for one year. Rent received in advance is deferred and recognized in income when earned.

 

Repair and Maintenance

 

The initial costs to make a home ready for rental are capitalized. Once a home is made rent-ready, ongoing expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

 

3. Subsequent Events

 

The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through the report date, which is the date the financial statement was available to be issued, and has determined no additional events requiring disclosure in this financial statement.

 

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LOGO


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LOGO

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


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PROSPECTUS

            Shares

 

LOGO

Common Stock

 

 

This prospectus relates solely to the resale of up to an aggregate of              shares of our common stock by the selling stockholders identified in this prospectus (which term as used in this prospectus includes pledgees, donees, transferees or other successors-in-interest). We are registering the offer and sale of the shares, which were acquired by the selling stockholders in our initial private offering in May 2012, our follow-on private offering in December 2012 and an additional private placement in January 2013.

 

The selling stockholders may offer the shares from time to time as they may determine through public or private transactions or through other means described in the section entitled “Plan of Distribution” at prevailing market prices, at prices different than prevailing market prices or at privately negotiated prices. The prices at which the selling stockholders may sell the shares may be determined by the prevailing market price for the shares at the time of sale, may be different than such prevailing market prices or may be determined through negotiated transactions with third parties.

 

We will not receive any of the proceeds from the sale of these shares by the selling stockholders. We have agreed to pay all expenses relating to registering the shares. The selling stockholders will pay any brokerage commissions and/or similar charges incurred for the sale of these shares.

 

To assist us in complying with certain federal income tax requirements applicable to real estate investment trusts, or REITs, among other purposes, our charter contains certain restrictions relating to the ownership and transfer of our capital stock. See “Description of Capital Stock—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”

 

Prior to the date of this prospectus, there was not a public market for our shares. Because all of the shares offered under this prospectus are being offered by the selling stockholders, we cannot currently determine the price or prices at which our shares may be sold under this prospectus.

 

We intend to apply to list our shares on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “            .”

 

We are an “emerging growth company” as defined in the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act of 2012, or the JOBS Act, and we will be subject to reduced public company reporting requirements.

 

Investing in our common stock involves risks. See “ Risk Factors ” beginning on page 23.

 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

 

                    , 2013


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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

Prospectus Summary

     1   

Risk Factors

     23   

Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements

     58   

Use of Proceeds

     60   

Distribution Policy

     61   

Dilution

     62   

Selected Consolidated Financial Data

     64   

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

     65   

Industry Overview and Market Opportunity

     80   

Our Business and Investments

     138   

Investment Policies and Policies with Respect to Certain Activities

     167   

Management

     170   

Principal Stockholders

     194   
     Page  

Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions

     196   

Selling Stockholders

     198   

Description of Capital Stock

     203   

Shares Eligible for Future Sale

     208   

Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws

     210   

Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement

     216   

Material Federal Income Tax Considerations

     221   

ERISA Considerations

     246   

Plan of Distribution

     249   

Legal Matters

     251   

Experts

     251   

Where You Can Find Additional Information

     251   

Index to Financial Statements

     F-1   
 

 

Through and including                     , 2013 (the 25 th day after the date of this prospectus), all dealers that buy, sell or trade the common stock may be required to deliver a prospectus, regardless of whether they are participating in this offering. This is in addition to a dealer’s obligation to deliver a prospectus when acting as an underwriter and with respect to an unsold allotment or subscription.

 

You should rely only on the information contained in this prospectus or in any free writing prospectus prepared by us. We have not authorized anyone to provide you with different information. If anyone provides you with different or inconsistent information, you should not rely on it. We are not making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus and any free writing prospectus prepared by us is accurate only as of the respective dates of such documents or as of the date or dates which are specified therein. Our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

 

Certain Terms Used in This Prospectus

 

Except where the context suggests otherwise, we define certain terms in this prospectus as follows:

 

“We,” “our,” “us” and “our company” refer to American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, together with its consolidated subsidiaries, including: (1) American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or our operating partnership; (2) American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is our wholly owned subsidiary and the sole general partner of our operating partnership; (3) American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that is a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership; and (4) American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, or our TRS, that is a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership and that we have elected to treat as a taxable REIT subsidiary.

 

“ARM” refers to American Residential Management, Inc., an entity that is jointly owned by our founders, Stephen G. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Laurie A. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors. ARM holds 175,000 units of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership, or OP units.


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“Phoenix Fund” refers to ARP Phoenix Fund I, LP, a Delaware limited partnership. Phoenix Fund, which as of March 31, 2013 owned 608 single-family homes and 150,000 shares of our common stock, is a fully committed private investment fund that we manage.

 

“Aggregate investment” in a home represents the purchase price, broker commissions, closing costs and capital expenditures associated with the home, including restoration costs incurred to prepare the home for rent.

 

Except where the context suggests otherwise, we define the following metropolitan statistical areas, or MSAs, and metropolitan divisions or metro divisions, in this prospectus as follows:

 

   

“Atlanta, GA” means the Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA;

 

   

“Charlotte, NC-SC” means the Charlotte-Gastonia-Concord, NC-SC MSA;

 

   

“Charleston, SC” means the Charleston-North Charleston, SC MSA;

 

   

“Chicago, IL” means the Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL metro division;

 

   

“Dallas-Fort Worth, TX” means the Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metropolitan division;

 

   

“Houston, TX” means Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA;

 

   

“Indianapolis, IN” means the Indianapolis-Carmel, IN MSA;

 

   

“Inland Empire, CA” means the Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA;

 

   

“Las Vegas, NV” means the Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA;

 

   

“Other-California (non-Inland Empire)” means multiple MSAs in California, not including Inland Empire, CA, in which we own homes;

 

   

“Fort Myers, FL” means the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, FL MSA;

 

   

“Phoenix, AZ” means the Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA;

 

   

“Raleigh-Cary, NC” means the Raleigh-Cary, NC MSA; and

 

   

“Winston-Salem, NC” means the Winston-Salem, NC MSA.

 

Market, Industry and Other Data

 

We disclose estimates, forecasts and projections throughout this prospectus, in particular in the sections entitled “Prospectus Summary,” “Industry Overview and Market Opportunity” and “Our Business and Investments.” We have obtained substantially all of this information from a market study prepared for us in connection with the IPO and this offering by John Burns Real Estate Consulting, LLC, or JBREC, a real estate consulting firm. We have agreed to pay JBREC a total fee of $62,572 for that market study, of which $16,202 has been paid and $46,370 will be paid upon completion of the IPO. Such information is included in this prospectus in reliance on JBREC’s authority as an expert on such matters. The estimates, forecasts and projections prepared by JBREC are based on data (including third-party data), significant assumptions, proprietary methodologies, and the experience and judgment of JBREC. No assurance can be given regarding the accuracy or appropriateness of the assumptions and judgments made, or the methodologies used, by JBREC. There is no assurance that any of the forecasted or projected outcomes will be achieved, and investors should not place undue reliance on them. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update the statements in this prospectus to conform to actual outcomes or changes in our or JBREC’s expectations. See “Experts.”

 

In addition, we have obtained certain market and industry data from publicly available industry publications. These sources generally state that the information they provide has been derived from sources believed to be reliable, but that the accuracy and completeness of the information are not guaranteed. We believe that these data are generally reliable, but we have not independently verified this information.

 

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PROSPECTUS SUMMARY

 

This prospectus summary highlights some of the information contained elsewhere in this prospectus. Because it is a summary, it does not contain all of the information you should consider before investing in our common stock. You should read the entire prospectus carefully, including the information set forth under the caption “Risk Factors,” as well as the financial statements and related notes included elsewhere in this prospectus. Unless indicated otherwise, the information in this prospectus assumes (1) the shares of our common stock to be sold in the underwritten initial public offering of our common stock (the “IPO”) will be sold at an initial price to public of $             per share, which is the mid-point of the estimated price range of $             to $            , and (2) no exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters of the IPO.

 

Our Company

 

American Residential Properties, Inc. is an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns and manages single-family homes as rental properties. In 2008, our founders, Stephen G. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Laurie A. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, identified a unique opportunity to acquire homes at distressed pricing and lease them at attractive rental rates. They subsequently began developing a vertically integrated platform to acquire and manage single-family homes on an institutional scale. We were formed to expand upon our founders’ vision, strategy and platform, through which, as of March 31, 2013, they have acquired 3,139 homes since 2008.

 

As of March 31, 2013, we owned 2,531 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas with an aggregate investment of $293.1 million, and we managed an additional 608 properties for Phoenix Fund in Arizona and Nevada. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have contracted to acquire 785 single-family homes for a total purchase price of approximately $84.5 million, of which 43 homes are in Arizona, 4 homes are in California, 66 homes are in Florida, 25 homes are in Georgia, 35 homes are in Illinois, 114 homes are in Indiana, 214 homes are in North Carolina, 9 homes are in South Carolina and 275 homes are in Texas. We actively evaluate new markets to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

Our primary business strategy is to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as well-maintained investment properties to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns over the long-term. We believe our founders’ four years of direct experience in the single-family rental sector provides us with the expertise to successfully execute our business strategy nationally to institutional standards. We have the infrastructure to acquire large numbers of properties through multiple acquisition channels. We source individual properties through auctions and brokers, and portfolios of properties through brokerages or directly from operators, investors or banks, and, in the future, we may source assets from these channels and government-sponsored entities, or GSEs. We have the experience and resources necessary to restore homes to “rent-ready” condition in an efficient and cost-effective manner, to a standard that we believe appeals to our target tenants’ preferences, enabling us to attract qualified tenants and to provide a high level of service to retain our tenants. We believe that our vertically integrated acquisition and management platform is critical to executing our strategy.

 

In addition to our primary business strategy of acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family homes, we have a private mortgage financing strategy that generates attractive returns on invested capital and provides us access to acquisition opportunities and valuable market data. As of March 31, 2013, our private mortgage portfolio had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $25.3 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 12.1% per annum and a weighted-average remaining term of 146 days. We also owned an additional $1.2 million in long-term mortgage investments. Additionally, for the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we funded or committed to fund approximately $10.0 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will fund all of the loans that we have committed to fund.

 

 

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Our History and Capitalization

 

In October 2008, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes co-founded American Residential Properties, LLC, or ARP LLC, a private investment firm, to capitalize on the extraordinary price deterioration in the single-family housing sector following the collapse in the housing and mortgage industries. Using their own capital, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes began acquiring single-family homes with the intent of managing them as rental properties and developing a vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform. In February 2010, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes launched Phoenix Fund, a private investment fund formed to invest opportunistically in single-family homes as rental properties, which is now fully committed and has purchased 608 homes. We were formed in March 2012 to expand upon our founders’ vision, strategy and platform. As part of our formation transactions, we completed an initial private offering of our common stock in May 2012, raising gross proceeds of approximately $223.9 million and acquired the proprietary, vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform developed by our founders. In December 2012, we raised an additional approximately $147.3 million of gross proceeds in a follow-on private offering of our common stock. In January 2013, we raised an additional approximately $0.8 million of gross proceeds in a direct private placement of our common stock. We are in the process of deploying the net proceeds from the follow-on private offering and the private placement to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes and to provide short-term private mortgage financing in accordance with our business strategy.

 

Recent Events—Initial Public Offering

 

We are planning to sell our common stock in the IPO, for net proceeds of approximately $             million, based on the midpoint of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO of $             to $            . We intend to use the net proceeds from the IPO to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as rental properties, to provide short-term private mortgage financing secured by interests in single-family homes, repay amounts outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility and for general business purposes. None of our affiliates or employees will participate in the IPO as selling stockholders.

 

Industry Overview and Market Opportunity

 

Residential housing is the largest real estate asset class in the United States with a size of approximately $17.7 trillion, according to the 2012 fourth quarter Federal Reserve Flow of Funds release. Historically, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately one-third of this asset class has been rented and single-family homes currently comprise roughly one-third of all residential rental housing.

 

While a large and growing asset class, single-family rental properties have historically been managed by relatively small-scale, “mom and pop” owner-operators or by a limited number of local and regional property management organizations. More recently, the ownership profile of single-family rental properties has shifted to larger investors and national owner-operators, including our company, seeking to efficiently acquire large numbers of homes at distressed values, generate attractive rental cash flow streams and benefit from any potential future home price appreciation. We believe the return profile, from rental yields and the potential for home price appreciation, is significant enough to encourage investment in the systems, structures and technologies that can make possible economies of scale, resulting in an opportunity for broader industry consolidation by larger and better-capitalized investors that are introducing a higher standard of institutional management to this asset class.

 

After nearly a decade of solid home price appreciation from 1998 to 2006, which we believe in many markets was in excess of underlying fundamentals, a significant over-correction has occurred in the pricing of the single-family housing sector. Home prices declined approximately 35% in some of the largest U.S. housing markets (as measured by the not-seasonally adjusted S&P/Case-Shiller Composite 20 Home Price Index from its peak on July 1, 2006 to its trough on March 1, 2012). We believe that home prices continue to be significantly

 

 

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below replacement costs in many of these markets. Additionally, over the next five years, a substantial number of non-performing loans will need to be resolved, including through foreclosure, short sale or conversion through a bank deed-for-lease program. As a result, we believe there may be the opportunity for experienced and well-capitalized operators to acquire large volumes of single-family rental homes at attractive pricing and generate operational efficiencies. We believe these dynamics will result in the emergence of a small number of leaders in a fragmented market.

 

Over the past two years, the U.S. rental housing market has begun a sustained recovery. In many markets, rental vacancy has fallen and rents have risen, even in areas hardest hit during the housing and economic downturn. Specifically, the recent drop in home prices, constraints on mortgage lending, job volatility requiring greater geographic mobility, economic uncertainty, evolving demographics and expanded rental options are changing the way many Americans live. Many people, who in the past might have become homeowners, are instead becoming long-term renters of single-family homes. According to JBREC, for every 1.0% decline in the homeownership rate, the occupants of approximately 1.1 million homes become prospective tenants, and JBREC believes that the homeownership rate will continue to decrease through 2015 and then begin to increase again. While single-family prices are in the early stages of recovery, multi-family prices have been improving during the last two years and have returned to levels on par with early 2006, as measured by the National Council of Real Estate Investment Fiduciaries, or NCREIF, Index. Although multi-family and single-family homes do not generally compete for the same tenants due to demographic and preference differences, we believe that many of the same characteristics that make multi-family properties attractive to investors apply to single-family homes.

 

We believe that there has been an over-correction in housing prices in certain housing markets, which has led to home prices being significantly below replacement cost in many of these markets. As the economy slowly strengthens and the housing market returns to long-term pricing norms or reverts to mean pricing levels, we believe there is the potential for home price appreciation. We also believe that there continues to be a large amount of potential supply that we can purchase at potentially attractive pricing. According to Mortgage Bankers Association data, a total of 4.7 million single-family residential mortgage loans are currently non-performing.

 

We believe these factors taken together contribute to the single-family rental asset class potentially generating attractive risk-adjusted returns to investors through both current and growing yield as well as through home price appreciation. Furthermore, we believe that by acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing homes in markets that meet our selection criteria we can provide attractive risk-adjusted returns to our stockholders.

 

Our Competitive Strengths

 

Our company is differentiated from others in the market by the following strengths, which we believe provide us with a formidable competitive advantage to successfully execute our business strategy:

 

   

Pioneer in Institutionalizing the Single-Family Rental Sector . Our founders were early to recognize a unique opportunity to institutionalize ownership and management of the single-family rental sector. Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes successfully acted on this foresight by founding ARP LLC in 2008, launching Phoenix Fund in 2010 and forming our company in 2012. Through our company and Phoenix Fund, our founders have raised a total of approximately $416.1 million of equity capital and, as of March 31, 2013, acquired 3,139 homes. We believe that the expertise, experience and innovative thinking of our founders provide us the foundation necessary to successfully execute our business strategy with institutional quality on a national scale.

 

   

Proven Track Record Operating in the Single-Family Rental Sector . Our founders have over four years of direct experience acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family rental homes, which we believe is one of the longest track records of any large-scale operator in the single-family rental sector. Specifically, our founders have been instrumental in all activities related to the underwriting, acquisition, restoration, leasing and management of single-family homes. Given the

 

 

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scale, geographic dispersion and asset granularity necessary to successfully operate in the single-family rental sector, we believe our experience and established platform provide us with a meaningful competitive advantage.

 

   

Internally Managed Company with an Aligned Governance Structure . We believe that our internally managed structure aligns management and stockholder interests, avoiding the conflicts of interest and additional fees common in many externally managed companies . Additionally, we believe that we will achieve greater operational efficiencies and realize superior economies of scale as compared to externally managed companies, as our portfolio grows. By performing property management functions internally for our self-managed properties, we establish direct relationships with our tenants and have tighter control over the quality and the cost of restoration, ongoing tenant services and re-tenanting . In addition, we believe that we will benefit from the significant public REIT experience and other public company experience of our executive team and independent directors.

 

   

Scalable, Vertically Integrated Real Estate Acquisition and Management Platform . We have a scalable, institutional-quality real estate acquisition and management platform that we believe is one of the most established in the single-family rental sector. We believe our platform is critical to growing a high-volume acquisition business and achieving the national scale contemplated for our company. Our platform integrates proprietary processes and technology that support the functions necessary to grow and manage a large portfolio of single-family rental homes, including: property-sourcing research and analytics; property underwriting; property restoration evaluation, cost budgeting, workflow monitoring and quality control; prospective tenant credit underwriting; property leasing; and ongoing property management and tenant services.

 

   

Portfolio of Scale in Markets with Attractive Investment Characteristics . We invest in markets that we believe possess attractive housing and rental fundamentals . As of March 31, 2013, we had purchased 2,531 homes in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have contracted to acquire 785 single-family homes for a total purchase price of approximately $84.5 million, of which 43 homes are in Arizona, 4 homes are in California, 66 homes are in Florida, 25 homes are in Georgia, 35 homes are in Illinois, 114 homes are in Indiana, 214 homes are in North Carolina, 9 homes are in South Carolina and 275 homes are in Texas. We actively evaluate new markets to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

   

Disciplined Investment Strategy and Key Strategic Relationships . We will seek to continue acquiring properties to create a substantial portfolio of appealing, affordable and well-managed single-family homes for rent. We focus on markets that we believe have strong near- and long-term supply and demand fundamentals for rental housing, and we focus on properties that we believe can be rented to qualified tenants at attractive yields. In addition, through our founders’ four years of “hands-on” experience in the single-family rental sector, we have a deep network of relationships with portfolio owner-operators across the country. Through these owner-operators, we have been able to source attractive portfolio acquisitions, and we believe they may provide us with additional attractive privately negotiated acquisition opportunities that in some cases may not be available to other market participants.

 

   

Demonstrated Ability to Access Institutional Debt and Equity Capital . We believe the ability to access and secure institutional capital is an increasingly important driver of success in the single-family rental sector, and our founders have demonstrated their ability to access and secure significant amounts of institutional debt and equity capital. For example, they secured for Phoenix Fund one of the first institutional asset-based debt financing facilities in the single-family rental sector, and we have obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants

 

 

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and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. In addition, we have raised approximately $372.0 million in gross proceeds from diversified groups of institutional investors and others: approximately $223.9 million in gross proceeds in our initial private offering completed in May 2012, approximately $147.3 million in gross proceeds in our follow-on private offering completed in December 2012 and approximately $0.8 million in gross proceeds in a direct private placement completed in January 2013. We believe that our founders’ extensive capital-raising track record since 2009 and our senior officers’ strong institutional relationships will provide us access to significant amounts of capital, across a wide variety of sources and structures, and at attractive terms, to facilitate our growth.

 

   

Senior Management Team Depth and Experience . We believe the extensive single-family rental sector experience of our executive team coupled with their relationships and expertise in real estate, public and private capital markets, finance, information technology, systems development and operations will drive our business and growth. Both Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, have more than 30 years of experience originating, underwriting, financing, acquiring and managing various classes of commercial and residential real estate, as both intermediaries and principals, together completing more than $25 billion of commercial and residential real estate transactions. Shant Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer, has over 17 years of experience, including experience as a chief financial officer and a senior executive of a publicly traded REIT. Andrew G. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, has over 22 years of experience, including senior management and legal roles at a publicly traded REIT, and has participated in the origination of several billion dollars in real estate and structured finance transactions. Lani B Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations, has spent over 17 years working on technology-oriented real estate solutions, particularly in the context of high-volume, small-asset business models.

 

Our Business and Growth Strategies

 

Our primary objective is to be a leader in the creation and expansion of the single-family rental business as an institutional-quality asset class with national scale. We believe we can achieve this objective through the following strategies:

 

   

Active Property Management . We seek to ensure tenant satisfaction by providing high-quality service at our self-managed properties. Our internally managed and vertically integrated property management platform allows us to control all aspects of a rental home, including restoring a newly acquired home, actively supervising its leasing, maintaining property quality and opportunistically selling it when appropriate. Our founders have direct field experience with all aspects of the acquisition, restoration and management of single-family homes and provide “hands-on” oversight to all facets of our business. We believe that our ability to improve asset quality and tenant retention, increase our homes’ useful lives and decrease turnover costs is an important element of our business and is instrumental in driving stockholder returns.

 

   

Disciplined Acquisition Strategy and Expertise in Privately Negotiated Sourcing . We plan to continue acquiring high-quality, single-family homes in select submarkets that meet our disciplined market selection criteria, such as above-average median household incomes, well-regarded school districts and low crime levels. We believe these characteristics will attract creditworthy tenants, produce high rental rates and occupancy levels, help to generate long-term home price appreciation and provide our stockholders with attractive risk-adjusted returns.

 

We source acquisition opportunities through a variety of channels. We source individual property purchases through auction, short-sale, real estate owned, or REO, and traditional multiple-listing services, or MLS, processes. We source portfolios of leased and vacant properties through brokerages

 

 

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or directly from operators, investors or banks. Due to the depth of our industry knowledge, experience, relationships and position as a prominent industry operator, we believe we have access to investment opportunities that are “privately negotiated” and not available to other industry participants or capital providers.

 

In new markets, we sometimes acquire portfolios of leased properties from established and well-respected local operators who share our philosophy of intensive asset management and tenant service through our “preferred operator” program. In this program, we acquire portfolios of leased properties for which the operator retains day-to-day management responsibilities pursuant to a longer-term lease. In these arrangements, the operator is responsible for all property-related expenses and we receive payments from the operator that escalate over the term of the lease. As of March 31, 2013, 1,010 of our properties were leased to and managed by local operators through our preferred operator program.

 

   

Targeted Geographic Expansion . Our portfolio is diversified across several geographic markets, and we have properties under contract in several new markets. We continually monitor the markets in which we operate and evaluate new markets on an ongoing basis to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. Currently, we are evaluating markets in the following states for investment, each of which we believe meets our investment criteria: Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Oregon, Tennessee and Washington. We believe that our strategy to have and grow a geographically diverse investment portfolio provides us with the ability to expand our market presence where the supply and demand characteristics create the most compelling acquisition and rental opportunities. As further described under “Our Business and Investments—Investment Criteria for Market Selection,” we select our markets based a comprehensive set of investment criteria, including strength of rental demand and rates of job growth, population growth and unemployment.

 

   

Capitalize on an Industry Consolidation Opportunity . According to JBREC, as of February 2013, approximately 10.5% of the residential market was comprised of single-family rental housing, representing approximately 14.0 million homes. Historically, most of these single-family rental homes have been owned either by local “mom and pop” operators or, more recently, short-term, trade-oriented asset accumulators. Due to our extensive experience in the single-family rental sector and our vertically integrated, internally managed structure, together with the depth of our network of relationships and financial resources, we believe that we are well-positioned as an early-moving industry consolidator to capitalize on this opportunity.

 

   

Maintain Conservative Growth-Oriented Capital Structure . We believe that having a flexible and conservative capital structure provides us with an advantage over many of our competitors. We have obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. While we expect that debt will be an important component of our capital structure over time, we plan to maintain a conservative balance sheet to facilitate execution of our business strategy.

 

Our Business Activities and Operations

 

Since we commenced investment activities in May 2012, we have acquired, restored, leased and operated a significant portfolio of single-family homes. As of March 31, 2013, we owned 2,531 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas.

 

 

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States in Which We Own Single-Family Homes

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

LOGO

 

The following three tables present summary statistics of our single-family homes by MSA and metro division as of March 31, 2013. The first table includes our entire portfolio of single-family homes. The second table includes only the single-family homes that we manage. The third table includes only the single-family homes that our preferred operators manage.

 

Total Portfolio of Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Aggregate
Investment
    Average
Investment
Per  Home (1)
    Percent
Leased (2)
    Average  Age
(years)
    Average Size
(square feet)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    1,045      $ 135,307,596      $ 129,481        83     17        1,694   

Chicago, IL

    304      $ 39,756,816      $ 130,779        100     57        1,396   

Inland Empire, CA

    209      $ 36,060,024      $ 172,536        70     15        1,914   

Winston-Salem, NC

    136      $ 15,733,024      $ 115,684        82     11        1,327   

Indianapolis, IN

    265      $ 14,194,815      $ 53,565        95     57        1,199   

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    78      $ 12,381,876      $ 158,742        86     11        2,141   

Atlanta, GA

    169      $ 11,923,660      $ 70,554        95     20        1,515   

Other-California (non-Inland Empire )

    82      $ 9,597,854      $ 117,047        28     36        1,336   

Las Vegas, NV

    63      $ 6,465,244      $ 102,623        94     14        1,533   

Fort Myers, FL

    138      $ 6,347,448      $ 45,996        100     9        1,126   

Houston, TX

    24      $ 2,867,232      $ 119,468        100     7        1,808   

Raleigh-Cary, NC

    6      $ 1,181,004      $ 196,834            13        2,347   

Charlotte, NC-SC

    11      $ 1,120,097      $ 101,827        100     6        1,859   

Charleston, SC

    1      $ 136,520      $ 136,520            7        1,360   
 

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total / Weighted Average

    2,531      $ 293,073,210      $ 115,793        86     25        1,563   
 

 

 

   

 

 

         

 

 

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(1)   For self-managed homes, represents average purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) plus average capital expenditures. For preferred operator program homes, represents purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) paid by us for the portfolio divided by the number of homes in the portfolio and does not include past, expected or budgeted general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment. The preferred operator is obligated to pay for all taxes, insurance, other expenses and capital expenditures (including significant capital improvements) required for the management, operation and maintenance of the properties. Accordingly, absent a default by the preferred operator under a long-term lease agreement with us, we expect to incur no expenses related to properties under our preferred operator program, other than general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment.
(2)   Includes both self-managed homes and preferred operator program homes. We classify homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased, because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants. This does not mean that 100% of the homes leased to preferred operators are occupied by residential sub-tenants. If a preferred operator is unable to lease a material portion of the homes it leases from us to residential sub-tenants, it may adversely affect such operator’s ability to pay rent to us under the lease. We are also eligible to receive percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes.

 

Portfolio of Self-Managed Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

                                                    Leased Homes  

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Average
Purchase
Price Per
Home (1)
    Average
Capital
Expenditures
Per Home (2)
    Average
Investment
Per Home (3)
    Aggregate
Investment
    Percentage
Leased
    Average
Age
(years)
    Average
Size
(square
feet)
    Average
Monthly
Rent Per
Leased
Home
    Annual
Average
Rent per
Leased
Home as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per Leased
Home (4)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    887      $ 138,686      $ 1,804      $ 140,490      $ 124,614,630        80     11.2        1,775      $ 1,032        8.9

Inland Empire, CA

    209      $ 155,931      $ 16,605      $ 172,536      $ 36,060,024        70     15.4        1,914      $ 1,393        9.8

Winston-Salem, NC

    136      $ 115,619      $ 65      $ 115,684      $ 15,733,024        82     11.0        1,327      $ 1,076        11.3

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    78      $ 157,904      $ 838      $ 158,742      $ 12,381,876        86     11.3        2,141      $ 1,505        11.3

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

    82      $ 107,776      $ 9,271      $ 117,047      $ 9,597,854        28     35.6        1,336      $ 1,215        10.5

Las Vegas, NV

    50      $ 103,084      $ 9,012      $ 112,096      $ 5,604,800        92     6.7        1,620      $ 1,052        11.4

Houston, TX

    24      $ 119,372      $ 96      $ 119,468      $ 2,867,232        100     6.8        1,808      $ 1,213        12.2

Indianapolis, IN

    20      $ 101,500      $ 65      $ 101,565      $ 2,031,300        40     7.8        1,480      $ 1,047        13.4

Atlanta, GA

    28      $ 66,659      $ 2,174      $ 68,833      $ 1,927,324        68     26.0        1,429      $ 884        15.1

Raleigh-Cary, NC

    6      $ 196,536      $ 298      $ 196,834      $ 1,181,004            13.3        2,347      $       

Charleston, SC

    1      $ 136,455      $ 65      $ 136,520      $ 136,520            7.3        1,360      $       
 

 

 

         

 

 

           

Total / Weighted Average

    1,521      $ 135,249      $ 4,222      $ 139,471      $ 212,135,588        76     13.1        1,736      $ 1,115        9.6
 

 

 

         

 

 

           

 

(1)   Average purchase price includes broker commissions and closing costs.
(2)   Represents average capital expenditures per home as of March 31, 2013. Does not include additional expected or future capital expenditures.
(3)   Represents average purchase price plus average capital expenditures.
(4)   Represents annualized average monthly rent per leased home as a percentage of our average investment (average purchase price per home plus average capital expenditures) per leased home. Does not include a provision for payment of ongoing property expenses (such as insurance, taxes, HOA fees and maintenance) or an allocation of our general and administrative expense, all of which materially impact our results. Accordingly, it should not be interpreted as a measure of profitability, and its utility in evaluating our business is limited. Average monthly rent for leased homes may not be indicative of average rents we may achieve on our vacant homes.

 

 

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Portfolio of Preferred Operator Program Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Average
Investment
Per
Home (1)
    Aggregate
Investment
    Percent
Leased (2)
    Average
Age
(years)
    Average
Size
(square
feet)
    Average
Monthly
Rent Per
Home
Paid by
Preferred
Operator
to Us (3)
    Annual
Rent as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per
Home (4)
 

Chicago, IL

    304      $ 130,779      $ 39,756,816        100     57        1,396      $ 781        7.2

Indianapolis, IN

    245      $ 49,647      $ 12,163,515        100     62        1,176      $ 372        9.0

Phoenix, AZ

    158      $ 67,677      $ 10,692,966        100     47        1,239      $ 451        8.0

Atlanta, GA

    141      $ 70,896      $ 9,996,336        100     19        1,532      $ 473        8.0

Fort Myers, FL

    138      $ 45,996      $ 6,347,448        100     9        1,126      $ 307        8.0

Charlotte, NC-SC

 

 

11

  

 

$

101,827

  

 

$

1,120,097

  

    100  

 

6

  

 

 

1,859

  

 

$

636

  

 

 

7.5

Las Vegas, NV

    13      $ 66,188      $ 860,444        100     42        1,198      $ 441        8.0
 

 

 

     

 

 

           

Total /Weighted Average

    1,010      $ 80,136      $ 80,937,622        100     44        1,303      $ 516        7.7
 

 

 

     

 

 

           

 

(1)   Represents purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) paid by us for the portfolio divided by the number of homes in the portfolio and does not include past, expected or budgeted general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment. The preferred operator is obligated to pay for all taxes, insurance, other expenses and capital expenditures (including significant capital improvements) required for the management, operation and maintenance of the properties. Accordingly, absent a default by the preferred operator under a long-term lease agreement with us, we expect to incur no expenses related to properties under our preferred operator program, other than general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment.
(2)   We classify homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased, because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants. This does not mean that 100% of the homes leased to preferred operators are occupied by residential sub-tenants. If a preferred operator is unable to lease a material portion of the homes it leases from us to residential sub-tenants, it may adversely affect such operator’s ability to pay rent to us under the lease. We are also eligible to receive percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes.
(3)   Represents the initial annual base rent payable to us by the preferred operate pursuant to the portfolio lease divided by 12 and then divided by the number of homes included in the lease. Does not include percentage rents we are also eligible to receive in addition to base rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. The percentage rents we are eligible to receive fluctuate based on both the occupancy rates of the underlying homes and the rental rates paid by the residential sub-tenants.
(4)   Represents annualized average monthly rent paid by preferred operator to us as a percentage of our average investment per home.

 

 

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The following charts present our homes as of March 31, 2013 by purchase price and by square footage.

 

LOGO    LOGO

 

Stabilized Properties

 

When we acquire a property that is not leased, we must possess, restore, market and lease the property before it becomes a revenue generating asset. We refer to this process as property stabilization. Based on our founders’ prior experience, we anticipate that, on average, the stabilization period for each non-leased property will range from 90 to 180 days, depending on factors such as the channel through which the property was acquired, the age and condition of the property and whether the property was vacant when we acquired it. Similarly, the time to market and lease a property is driven by local demand, our marketing techniques and the size of our available inventory. Consequently, we expect that most properties that were not leased at the time of acquisition should be stabilized within six months thereafter and that properties owned for more than six months provide the best indication of how our portfolio will perform over the long-term. As of March 31, 2013, we owned 729 properties for six months or longer, 82% of which were leased (classifying 138 homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants).

 

 

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The following table presents summary statistics of our portfolio of self-managed single-family homes we owned for at least six months as of March 31, 2013.

 

Portfolio of Self-Managed Properties Owned for Six Months or Longer—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

                                              Leased Homes  

MSA / Metro Division

  Number
of Homes
    Average
Purchase
Price Per
Home (1)
    Average
Capital
Expenditure
Per Home (2)
    Average
Investment
Per
Home (3)
    Homes
Leased
    Homes
Vacant (4)
    Percentage
Leased
    Average
Monthly
Rent
Per
Leased
Home
    Annual
Average
Rent Per
Leased
Home as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per Leased
Home (5)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    327      $ 124,923      $ 2,007      $ 126,930        281        46        86   $ 979        9.4

Inland Empire, CA

    193      $ 158,136      $ 16,834      $ 174,970        136        57        71   $ 1,403        9.8

Las Vegas, NV

    34      $ 100,374      $ 8,100      $ 108,474        33        1        97   $ 1,019        11.3

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

    32      $ 102,837      $ 12,198      $ 115,035        6        26        19   $ 1,285        12.3

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    5      $ 173,024      $ 2,312      $ 175,336        5               100   $ 1,725        11.8
 

 

 

         

 

 

   

 

 

       

Total / Weighted Average

    591      $ 133,568      $ 7,754      $ 141,322        461        130        78   $ 1,119        9.7
 

 

 

         

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

(1)   Average purchase price includes broker commissions and closing costs.
(2)   Represents average capital expenditures per home as of March 31, 2013. Does not include additional expected or future capital expenditures.
(3)   Represents average purchase price plus average capital expenditures.
(4)   As of March 31, 2013, 87 homes were available for rent, 36 homes were undergoing renovation and seven homes had unauthorized occupants.
(5)   Represents annualized average monthly rent per leased home as a percentage of our average investment (average purchase price per home plus average capital expenditures) per leased home. Does not include a provision for payment of ongoing property expenses (such as insurance, taxes, HOA fees and maintenance) or an allocation of our general and administrative expense, all of which materially impact our results. Accordingly, it should not be interpreted as a measure of profitability, and its utility in evaluating our business is limited. Average monthly rent for leased homes may not be indicative of average rents we may achieve on our vacant homes.

 

Private Mortgage Portfolio

 

As a supplement to our primary business strategy of acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family homes, we also have a private mortgage financing strategy that generates attractive returns on invested capital and provides us access to acquisition opportunities and valuable market data. Private mortgage financings are generally secured by first mortgage liens on single-family homes and are generally structured as interest only notes with short-term balloon maturities. Proceeds from these loans generally are used to finance the acquisition of homes for short-term resale or to provide temporary financing to investors who intend to refinance their acquisition of homes with longer term bank financing. As of March 31, 2013, our private mortgage portfolio had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $25.3 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 12.1% per annum and a weighted-average remaining term of 146 days. We also owned an additional $1.2 million in long-term mortgage investments. To date, the properties securing the mortgage loans we have funded have been in Arizona, California and Nevada. Additionally, for the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we funded or committed to fund approximately $10.0 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will fund all of the loans that we have committed to fund.

 

 

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Acquisition Activity

 

We have aggressively grown our portfolio of single-family homes and our portfolio of private mortgage loans in a disciplined manner and intend to continue to do so. The following chart illustrates our monthly acquisition activity for the period from June 1, 2012 through March 31, 2013.

 

Acquisition Activity (June 1, 2012 through March 31, 2013)

 

LOGO

 

Note:   Items marked “(LHS)” in graph above are measured against the left-hand-side vertical axis, and items marked “(RHS)” are measured against the right-hand-side vertical axis.

 

Our Investment Process

 

We have a scalable real estate acquisition and management platform that we believe is among the most advanced in the single-family rental sector. Our founders began developing our platform in 2008, and the platform has been expanded and refined based upon actual operating experience over the past four years. Our platform integrates proprietary processes and technology that support the functions necessary for the acquisition and management of single-family homes on an institutional scale. We use our proven technology to identify attractive markets and investments and to restore and manage our properties.

 

Investment Criteria for Market Selection

 

Our acquisition strategy is based upon extensive market research. Notwithstanding the large number of homeowners experiencing financial distress, not all regions of the country offer attractive investment opportunities. When identifying desirable markets, we focus on factors such as the magnitude of housing price declines, strength of rental demand and rates of job growth, population growth and unemployment. We use data from a variety of sources and evaluate macroeconomic and microeconomic inputs (including housing market,

 

 

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demographic and economic data). Within markets that meet our selection criteria, we seek to identify the submarkets, subdivisions and neighborhoods that offer the most attractive mix of housing prices, rental demand and rental rates, which are often characterized by good access to transportation networks and employment centers, good schools and low levels of crime.

 

Our Property Management Process

 

We have the infrastructure, systems and personnel to provide the continuum of property management services, including securing a property upon acquisition, coordinating with utility companies, controlling the restoration process, managing the leasing process, communicating with tenants, collecting rents, conducting periodic inspections, managing routine property maintenance and repair, paying sales taxes and homeowners’ association, or HOA, fees and interfacing with vendors and contractors.

 

We currently own properties in ten states, and we have a total of approximately 29 employees (26 in Arizona, one in Illinois, one in Maine and one in Texas) who perform property management functions. We are directing several hundred restoration and re-tenancy projects, supervising the efforts of general contractors and sub-contractors nationwide and managing HOA memberships and utility services of all of our self-managed properties. The following functions are performed internally by our employees with respect to our self-managed properties: communicate with and receive all general inquiries and maintenance requests from our tenants; coordinate, supervise, approve and monitor completion of required work with third-party vendors, including but not limited to electricians, general contractors, HVAC technicians, landscaping professionals and plumbers; coordinate and supervise periodic property inspections performed by a combination of internal employees and service providers; coordinate, bid, award, supervise, monitor and inspect restoration and re-tenancy projects performed by third party general contractors; establish and cancel utility services upon lease commencement or lease expiration; communicate, monitor, coordinate and comply with all HOAs of which we are a member. By performing these functions internally with respect to our self-managed portfolio, we believe that we establish improved communications, foster direct relationships with tenants and gain tighter control over the quality and cost of restorations and property maintenance. In addition, we believe that our bottom-line focus will allow us to provide property management services for our self-managed portfolio more efficiently than other market participants who may contract with third parties on a fee-for-services approach.

 

Additionally, our tenants can make maintenance requests on a 24-hour basis through our website or emergency telephone hotline, both of which are administered and managed from our headquarters office. Upon receiving a maintenance request, our maintenance personnel and systems quickly identify an appropriate service provider from our network of vendor relationships and dispatch repair personnel to the home. We continually strive to exceed our tenants’ expectations with respect to maintenance and service in an effort to retain tenants and maintain the value of our properties.

 

Technology and Systems

 

We believe that robust information technology is essential to efficiently acquire and manage a large-scale portfolio of single-family rental homes. We have a scalable real estate acquisition and management platform, which our founders began developing in 2008 and have been expanding and refining over the past four years, that we believe is among the most advanced in the single-family rental sector. This technology is critical to expanding our business, seeking to maximize revenues and minimize expenses and achieving economies of scale. Our systems are designed to enable us to gather and evaluate large amounts of housing, demographic and economic data to support our ongoing acquisition activities. We are able to quickly evaluate opportunities presented through our various acquisition channels and adjust to rapidly changing market conditions. Additionally, the economic and market data captured by our systems allow us to evaluate potential mortgage investments as a supplement to our home acquisition activities as a means of seeking enhanced current return. Our systems also

 

 

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accumulate and analyze data at the individual property and portfolio levels. We capture, update and monitor economic and physical information about a property throughout the period of our ownership and management. This allows us to efficiently develop a restoration program, negotiate with and engage third-party vendors and service providers, market and lease our properties and monitor the value, market position and physical condition of our properties on an ongoing basis.

 

Technology is also essential to enhance tenant satisfaction, which we believe is an important means of reducing tenant turnover. In addition to offering 24-hour maintenance requests by telephone or through our website, we offer our tenants convenient ways to pay rent, including electronically.

 

Management of Phoenix Fund

 

As of March 31, 2013, we managed 608 properties for Phoenix Fund, a fully committed private investment fund formed by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes in 2010 to invest opportunistically in single-family homes as rental properties. From the completion of our initial private offering through February 11, 2013, our TRS managed the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a sub-management agreement with ARM. Since February 11, 2013, our TRS has managed the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a management agreement with Phoenix Fund. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

 

Our Financing Strategy

 

As of March 31, 2013, all of our assets were purchased with cash on hand and borrowings of approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility. In the future, we expect to prudently finance our operations, in part, with borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility and with various other types of indebtedness. In January 2013, we obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility is secured by our ownership interest in American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. In addition to customary affirmative and negative covenants, the credit agreement requires us to comply with various financial covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a minimum tangible net worth and a minimum liquidity amount. As of March 31, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $46.0 million, and approximately $31.3 million outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

 

Our Formation Transactions and Structure

 

We were incorporated in Maryland in March 2012. Our initial stockholders were Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, each of whom purchased 500 shares of our common stock upon our incorporation for a price of $1.00 per share.

 

We own all of our assets and conduct substantially all of our operations through American Residential Properties OP, L.P., or our operating partnership, and its subsidiaries, including American Residential Leasing Company, LLC. Our wholly owned subsidiary, American Residential GP, LLC, is the sole general partner of our operating partnership and the entity through which we have the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business and affairs of our operating partnership.

 

 

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Upon closing our initial private offering in May 2012, we issued 11,198,757 shares of our common stock to various institutional investors and accredited investors at an offering price of $20.00 per share, and we received approximately $209.9 million of net proceeds, before expenses. Upon closing our follow-on private offering in December 2012, we issued 7,187,500 shares of our common stock to various institutional investors and accredited investors at an offering price of $20.50 per share, and we received approximately $139.2 million of net proceeds, before expenses. Upon closing our direct private placement in January 2013, we issued 37,600 shares of our common stock at a price of $20.50 per share, and we received approximately $0.8 million of gross proceeds, before expenses. We contributed the net proceeds from these offerings and our incorporation to our operating partnership in exchange for an aggregate of 18,424,857 OP units. In addition, upon closing our initial private offering, we acquired substantially all of the assets of ARM, a company co-owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, pursuant to a contribution and sale agreement between our operating partnership and ARM. ARM is the vehicle within which our founders further developed our proprietary real estate acquisition and management platform. Our operating partnership issued 175,000 OP units to ARM and we paid $85,000 in cash as consideration for our acquisition of the ARM assets. As a result, upon completion of our initial private offering, we owned our founders’ proprietary real estate acquisition and management platform. We consider May 11, 2012, the closing date of our initial private offering and of our acquisition of the ARM assets, to be the date on which we first commenced investment activities. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.” In our initial private offering in May 2012, Phoenix Fund purchased 150,000 shares of our common stock at the offering price.

 

We have granted a total of 522,297 long-term incentive plan units, or LTIP units, and restricted shares of our common stock to our officers, employees and directors under the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, or our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. In connection with the IPO, we will issue LTIP units having an aggregate value of $8.75 million to our named executive officers under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Based on the mid-point of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO, we will issue              LTIP units to these executives; the actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in the IPO. In lieu of receiving LTIP units, one of our executives may elect to receive up to $1.1 million of this award in the form of a like number restricted shares of our common stock; unless otherwise noted, the information in this prospectus assumes that this award will be satisfied with LTIP units. Giving effect to these outstanding vested and unvested awards, upon completion of the IPO and assuming the entire offering award is satisfied with LTIP units, we will have a     % partnership interest (including our 1.0% general partnership interest) in our operating partnership, our officers, employees and directors as a group will have a     % partnership interest in our operating partnership and ARM will have a     % partnership interest in our operating partnership.

 

 

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The following chart illustrates our organizational structure, after giving effect to the IPO:

LOGO

 

(1)   Includes investors from our initial private offering, our follow-on private offering and our direct private placement.
(2)   Includes 15,875 restricted shares of our common stock held by certain of our employees and 150,000 shares of our common stock held by Phoenix Fund.
(3)  

After giving effect to an aggregate of 506,422 vested and unvested LTIP units that have been granted to our officers and                  LTIP units (based on the mid-point of the estimated range of the price to public in the

 

 

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  IPO) to be issued to our named executive officers in connection with the IPO. In lieu of receiving LTIP units, one of our executives may elect to receive up to $1.1 million of this award in the form of a like number of restricted shares of our common stock.
(4)   This entity is the borrower under our $150 million senior secured credit facility.

 

Summary Risk Factors

 

An investment in our common stock is subject to significant risks. Listed below are some of the most significant risks relating to an investment in our common stock.

 

   

We are an early entrant in an emerging industry, and the long-term viability of our business strategy on an institutional scale is unproven.

 

   

We have not identified specific acquisitions or other uses for the net proceeds from the IPO. Therefore, you will be unable to evaluate the allocation of the net proceeds from the IPO or the economic merits of our investments before making an investment decision to purchase our common stock.

 

   

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of certain key personnel, each of whom would be difficult to replace. If we were to lose the benefit of the experience, efforts and abilities of one or more of these individuals, particularly our founders, our operating results could suffer.

 

   

Our investments are, and will continue to be, concentrated in the single-family housing sector and in a number of markets nationally. This exposes us to the risk of downturns in that sector or in such markets, and we would be adversely affected by an economic downturn or other adverse events impacting the single-family housing sector or any of such markets.

 

   

Our dependence upon local, third-party service providers may harm our financial results or reputation if the third parties fail to perform.

 

   

Our long-term growth will depend significantly upon future acquisitions of single-family homes that meet our acquisition criteria.

 

   

Our revenue and expenses are not directly correlated, and, because a large percentage of our costs and expenses are fixed and some variable expenses may not decrease over time, we may not be able to adapt our cost structure to offset any declines in our revenue.

 

   

Debt service obligations could adversely affect our operating results, may require us to sell properties and could adversely affect our ability to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders and the market price of our common stock.

 

   

We may be unable to renew leases and our occupancy rate could decline.

 

   

The large supply of single-family homes becoming available for purchase as a result of the heavy volume of foreclosures, combined with historically low residential mortgage rates, may cause some potential renters to seek to purchase residences rather than lease them and, as a result, cause a decline in the number and quality of potential tenants.

 

   

Declining real estate values and impairment charges could adversely affect our earnings and financial condition.

 

   

Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes have duties to Phoenix Fund which may create conflicts of interest, and these conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, which could adversely affect us.

 

   

Our fiduciary duties to the limited partners of our operating partnership could create conflicts of interest, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.

 

   

There is currently no public market for our common stock, an active trading market for our common stock may never develop and our common stock price may be volatile and could decline substantially following this offering.

 

 

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The availability and timing of cash distributions are uncertain.

 

   

Members of our senior management team, our Board of Directors, continuing investors and Phoenix Fund collectively own a significant amount of our common stock, or OP units or LTIP units exchangeable for shares of our common stock, and future sales by these holders of shares of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur in the future, could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

 

   

Failure to qualify as a REIT, or failure to remain qualified as a REIT, would cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

   

You may be restricted from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of our common stock.

 

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

 

Due to limitations on the concentration of ownership of REIT stock imposed by the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, subject to certain exceptions, our charter provides that no person may beneficially or constructively own, more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock. See “Description of Capital Stock—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”

 

Our charter also prohibits any person from, among other matters:

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning or transferring shares of our capital stock if such ownership or transfer would result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a year);

 

   

transferring shares of our capital stock if such transfer would result in our capital stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons, effective beginning on the date on which we first have 100 stockholders;

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning shares of our capital stock to the extent such beneficial or constructive ownership would cause us to constructively own 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant (other than a taxable REIT subsidiary) of our real property within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code; or

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning or transferring shares of our capital stock if such beneficial or constructive ownership or transfer would otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code.

 

Our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt (prospectively or retroactively) a person from the 9.8% ownership limit and other restrictions in our charter and may establish or increase an excepted holder percentage limit for such person if our Board of Directors obtains such representations, covenants and undertakings as it deems appropriate in order to conclude that granting the exemption and/or establishing or increasing the excepted holder percentage limit will not cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT.

 

Our charter also provides that any ownership or purported transfer of our stock in violation of the foregoing restrictions will result in the shares owned or transferred in such violation being automatically transferred to one or more charitable trusts for the benefit of a charitable beneficiary and the purported owner or transferee acquiring no rights in such shares, except that any transfer that results in the violation of the restriction relating to shares of our capital stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons will be void ab initio . If the transfer to the trust is ineffective for any reason to prevent a violation of the restriction, the transfer that would have resulted in such violation will be void ab initio .

 

 

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Distribution Policy

 

We intend to make quarterly cash distributions to our stockholders, consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. The amount, timing and frequency of any distributions will be determined by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion. Our Board of Directors will consider such factors as it deems relevant when authorizing any distributions, which may include, among others: our actual and projected results of operations; our liquidity, cash flows and financial condition; the revenue from our properties and other investments; our operating expenses; economic conditions; the timing of the investment of the net proceeds from the IPO; applicable law; any debt service requirements; our capital expenditures; prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements; our REIT taxable income; the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code; and other factors as our Board of Directors may deem relevant. We cannot guarantee whether or when we will be able to make distributions or that any distributions will be sustained over time. See “Distribution Policy.”

 

Our Tax Status

 

We intend to elect and qualify to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. We believe that we have been organized and have operated in a manner that will allow us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with such taxable year, and we intend to continue operating in such a manner. To qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT, we must meet a number of organizational and operational requirements, including a requirement that we annually distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Emerging Growth Company Status

 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” These exemptions provide that, so long as a company qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” it will, among other things:

 

   

be exempt from the “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of 2010, or the Dodd-Frank Act, and certain disclosure requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to compensation of its chief executive officer;

 

   

be permitted to omit the detailed compensation discussion and analysis from proxy statements and reports filed under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act, and instead provide a reduced level of disclosure concerning executive compensation; and

 

   

be exempt from any rules that may be adopted by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board, or the PCAOB, requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report on the financial statements.

 

Although we are still evaluating the JOBS Act, we currently may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” except that we have irrevocably elected not to take advantage of the extension of time to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards available under Section 102(b) of the JOBS Act.

 

 

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We will, in general, qualify as an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of:

 

   

the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the IPO;

 

   

the last day of our fiscal year in which we have annual gross revenue of $1.0 billion or more;

 

   

the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; and

 

   

the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” which will occur at such time as we (1) have an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700 million or more as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (2) have been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act for a period of at least 12 months and (3) have filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act.

 

Registration Rights and Lock-Up Agreements

 

Pursuant to registration rights agreements between us and the initial purchaser/placement agent for our initial private offering in May 2012 and our follow-on private offering in December 2012, which we refer to as the registration rights agreements, we are required, among other things, to:

 

   

file with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC, a resale shelf registration statement registering all of the shares of our common stock sold in our private offerings that are not sold by selling stockholders in the IPO no later than April 30, 2013; and

 

   

use our commercially reasonable efforts to cause the resale shelf registration statement to become effective under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, as promptly as practicable after the filing (such time of effectiveness may be deferred until up to 60 days after completion of the IPO), and to maintain the resale shelf registration statement continuously effective under the Securities Act for a specified period.

 

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-11 for the IPO and for the resale of the shares of our common stock sold in our private offerings that are not sold by the selling stockholder in the IPO, and this prospectus forms a part of that registration statement.

 

Subject to certain exceptions, each of our officers, directors and Phoenix Fund has entered into a lock-up agreement with respect to shares of our common stock and securities exchangeable or exercisable for shares of our common stock, restricting the direct or indirect sale of such securities for 180 days after the date of the IPO prospectus and this prospectus without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of the IPO. Additionally, all of our other stockholders have agreed with us not to directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell, grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of our common stock for 180 days after the date of the IPO prospectus and this prospectus, in the case of the holder who is the selling stockholder in the IPO, or 60 days after the date of the IPO prospectus and this prospectus, in the case the selling stockholders named in this prospectus. We have agreed not to waive or otherwise modify this agreement without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of the IPO.

 

Corporate Information

 

Our principal executive offices are located at 7047 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 350, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254. Our main telephone number is (480) 474-4800. Our Internet website is www.americanresidentialproperties.com . Information on our website is not incorporated into or a part of this prospectus.

 

 

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The Offering

 

The following summary describes the principal terms of our common stock. The “Description of Capital Stock” section of this prospectus contains more detailed descriptions of the terms of our common stock.

 

Common stock offered by selling stockholders in this offering

  

             shares

Common stock offered by us in the IPO

                shares (plus up to an additional              shares of our common stock that we may issue and sell upon the full exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters of the IPO)

Common stock to be outstanding after the IPO

                shares (1)

Common stock and OP units to be outstanding after the IPO

  

             shares and OP units (1)(2)

Use of proceeds

  

We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of our common stock by the selling stockholders pursuant to this prospectus.

Listing

   We intend to apply to list our common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “    .”

 

(1)   Assumes the IPO has been completed and that the underwriters for the IPO have not exercised their option to purchase up to              shares of common stock from us. Includes 15,875 restricted shares of our common stock issued to certain of our employees pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Excludes              shares of our common stock that will be available for future issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan upon completion of the IPO.
(2)   Includes (a) 175,000 OP units issued to ARM, an entity co-owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, in connection with our acquisition of the ARM assets, which units may, subject to certain limitations, be redeemed for cash or, at our option, exchanged for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis, (b) 506,422 shares of our common stock underlying an aggregate of 506,422 LTIP units issued to our executive officers, certain of our employees and our independent directors pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and (c) an aggregate of              LTIP units (based on the mid-point of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO) to be issued to our named executive officers in connection with the IPO; the actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in the IPO.

 

 

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Summary Selected Consolidated Financial Data

 

The following tables present selected historical consolidated financial data and selected portfolio data for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 and as of December 31, 2012. The selected historical consolidated financial data presented below under the captions “Consolidated Statement of Operations Data” and “Consolidated Balance Sheet Data” have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. Since the information presented below is only a summary and does not provide all of the information contained in our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, you should read it in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data

 

     Period from
March 30, 2012
(inception) through
December 31, 2012
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Revenue:

  

Rental

   $ 2,195   

Other

     735   
  

 

 

 

Total revenue

     2,930   

Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     912   

Real estate taxes

     608   

Homeowners’ association fees

     330   

Acquisition

     760   

Depreciation and amortization

     1,804   

General, administrative and other

     4,837   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     9,251   
  

 

 

 

Loss from continuing operations before equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     (6,321

Equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     83   
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

   $ (6,238
  

 

 

 

 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

 

     As of December 31, 2012  
     ($ in thousands)  

Investment in real estate, net

   $ 216,696   

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 101,725   

All other assets

   $ 31,006   

Total assets

   $ 349,427   

Total liabilities

   $ 3,196   

Total equity

   $ 346,231   

 

Selected Portfolio Data

 

     As of December 31, 2012  

Total properties owned

     1,775   

Properties owned for at least six months

     70   

Leased properties owned for at least six months

     55   

Occupancy percentage of properties owned for at least six months

     79

 

 

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RISK FACTORS

 

Investing in our common stock involves risks. Before you invest in our common stock, you should carefully consider the risk factors below together with all of the other information included in this prospectus. The occurrence of any of the following risks could materially and adversely affect our business, prospects, ability to implement our investment strategy, financial condition, liquidity, cash flows, results of operations and our ability to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders, which could result in a partial or complete loss of your investment in our common stock. Some statements in this prospectus, including statements in the following risk factors, constitute forward-looking statements. See “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements.”

 

Risks Related to Our Business

 

We are an early entrant in an emerging industry, and the long-term viability of our business strategy on an institutional scale is unproven.

 

Large-scale institutional investment in single-family residential homes as investment properties for rent is a relatively recent phenomenon that has emerged out of the mortgage and housing crisis that began in late 2007. Prior to that time, single-family homes were generally not viewed as a viable asset for investment on a large scale by institutional investors. Consequently, the long-term viability of single-family residential investment strategies at an institutional scale has not yet been proven. As an early entrant in this emerging industry, we are subject to the risk that single-family rental homes may not prove to be a viable long-term business strategy for a permanent capital vehicle at an institutional scale. If it turns out that our strategy is not a viable long-term business strategy for a permanent capital vehicle at an institutional scale, we may not be able to sustain the growth of our assets and our operations that we seek.

 

We are a recently organized corporation with a limited operating history, and we may not be able to successfully operate our business or generate sufficient operating cash flows to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders.

 

We were incorporated in March 2012 and commenced investment activities in May 2012, and we have a limited operating history. Our financial condition, results of operations and ability to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders will depend on many factors, including:

 

   

our ability to identify attractive acquisition opportunities that are consistent with our investment strategy;

 

   

our ability to consummate acquisitions on favorable terms;

 

   

our ability to achieve high occupancy rates and target rent levels;

 

   

our ability to contain restoration, maintenance, marketing and other operating costs;

 

   

real estate appreciation or depreciation in our markets;

 

   

the level and volatility of interest rates, and our access to short- and long-term financing on favorable terms;

 

   

our ability to absorb costs that are beyond our control, such as real estate taxes, HOA fees, insurance premiums, litigation costs and compliance costs;

 

   

our ability to adapt to judicial and regulatory developments affecting landlord-tenant relations that may affect or delay our ability to dispossess or evict occupants or increase rents;

 

   

our ability to respond to changes in population, employment or homeownership trends in our markets; and

 

   

economic conditions in our markets, as well as the condition of the financial and real estate markets and the economy generally.

 

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We have many competitors and may not become an industry leader.

 

Recently, several institutional investors have begun acquiring single-family homes on a large scale. Traditionally, foreclosed properties and loans secured by properties in pre-foreclosure were sold individually to private home buyers and small-scale investors. The sale of these assets in portfolios and the entry into this market of large, well-capitalized institutional investors, including us, are relatively recent trends, which we expect to intensify in the near future. Other REITs and investment funds have recently deployed, or are expected to deploy in the near future, significant amounts of capital in the single-family housing sector and may have investment objectives that overlap with ours. In acquiring our target assets, we will compete with a variety of well-capitalized real estate investors, including pension funds, individual home buyers, banks, insurance companies, public and private real estate investors, such as REITs, real estate limited partnerships and other entities engaged in real estate investment activities. Some of our competitors may be larger and have greater financial, technical, leasing, marketing and other resources than we do. Some competitors may have a lower cost of capital and access to capital sources that may not be available to us. At this time, neither we nor any other company has established a market-leading position, and, even if we succeed in becoming an industry leader, there can be no assurance that it will confer any long-term competitive advantage or positive financial results.

 

Our single-family homes may be unable to compete successfully for tenants.

 

Our single-family homes compete for tenants with other single-family homes, including those owned by Phoenix Fund, and multi-family housing options, such as apartments and condominiums. Some of these competitors may offer more attractive properties or lower rents than we do, and they may attract the high-quality tenants to whom we seek to lease our properties. Additionally, some competing housing options may qualify for governmental subsidies that may make such options more affordable and therefore more attractive than our properties. Competition for tenants could reduce our occupancy and rental rates and adversely affect us.

 

We have not identified specific acquisitions or other uses for a significant portion of the net proceeds from the IPO. Therefore, you will be unable to evaluate the allocation of this portion of the net proceeds from the IPO or the economic merits of our investments before making an investment decision to purchase our common stock.

 

We have broad authority to invest the net proceeds from the IPO in any real estate investments that we may identify in the future, and we may use those proceeds to make investments with which you may not agree. You will be unable to evaluate the economic merit of our properties or mortgages before we invest in them and will be relying on our ability to select attractive investments. We also have broad discretion in implementing policies regarding tenant and borrower creditworthiness, and you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our tenants or borrowers. In addition, our investment policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our Board of Directors, without a vote of our stockholders. These factors will increase the uncertainty, and thus the risk, of investing in our common stock.

 

Although we intend to use the net proceeds from the IPO (exclusive of the portion used to repay amounts outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility) to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as rental properties and to provide short-term private mortgage financing secured by interests in single-family homes, we cannot assure you that we will be able to do so. Our failure to apply the net proceeds from the IPO effectively or find suitable assets to acquire in a timely manner or on acceptable terms could result in losses or returns that are substantially below expectations.

 

Prior to the full deployment of the net proceeds of the IPO as described above, we may invest the undeployed net proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term, investment-grade securities or money market accounts that are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. We expect that these initial investments will provide a lower net return than we expect to receive from the investments described above. We may not be successful in completing any investments we identify and the single-family homes and other investments we acquire may not produce our anticipated, or any, positive returns.

 

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We intend to rapidly expand our scale of operations and make acquisitions even if the rental and housing markets are not as favorable as they have been in recent months, which could adversely impact anticipated yields.

 

Our long-term growth depends on the availability of acquisition opportunities in our current markets and other markets at attractive pricing levels. We believe various factors and market conditions have made homes available for purchase at prices that are significantly below replacement cost in many markets. However, we expect that in the future housing prices will stabilize and return to more normalized levels, and therefore future acquisitions may be more costly and result in lower yields. See “Industry Overview and Market Opportunity.” There are many factors that may cause a recovery in the housing market that would result in future acquisitions becoming more expensive and possibly less attractive than recent past and present opportunities, including:

 

   

improvements in the overall economy and job market;

 

   

a resumption of consumer lending activity and greater availability of consumer credit;

 

   

improvements in the pricing and terms of mortgage-backed securities;

 

   

increasing competition for single-family assets from private investors, entities with similar investment objectives to ours and owner-occupants; and

 

   

tax or other government incentives that encourage homeownership.

 

We will continue acquiring properties as long as we believe such properties offer an attractive total return opportunity. Accordingly, future acquisitions may have lower yield characteristics than recent past and present opportunities, and if such future acquisitions are funded through equity issuances, the yield and cash available for distribution per share will be reduced and the market price of our common stock may decline.

 

The past performance of our senior management and our limited operating history may not be indicative of our future results.

 

You should not rely upon the past performance of our senior management, as their past performance at Phoenix Fund, ARM or in their other prior professional endeavors may not be indicative of our future results. Furthermore, we only commenced our investment activities in May 2012, and our limited operating history and the prior operating history of our senior management may not be indicative of our future results.

 

Our success depends to a significant degree upon the continued contributions of certain key personnel, each of whom would be difficult to replace. If we were to lose the benefit of the experience, efforts and abilities of one or more of these individuals, particularly our founders, our operating results could suffer.

 

As an internally managed company, our ability to achieve our investment objective and to make distributions to our stockholders depends upon the performance of our management team. We rely on our management team to, among other things, identify and consummate acquisitions, design and implement our financing strategies, manage our investments and conduct our day-to-day operations. We are dependent upon the performance of our senior executive team, which is comprised of Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, Mr. Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, and Ms. Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations. We cannot guarantee the continued employment of any of our key executives who may choose to leave our company for any number of reasons, such as other business opportunities, differing views on our strategic direction or other disagreements. We rely on the experience, efforts and abilities of these individuals, each of whom would be difficult to replace. We do not have any “key-man” life insurance on any of our employees. We have entered into employment agreements with each of these executives; however, the employment agreements do not guarantee their continued service to us.

 

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Our future success depends, in part, upon our ability to efficiently hire and retain highly skilled managerial, investment, financial and operational personnel.

 

The growth of our business will require us to hire additional qualified personnel. Competition for highly skilled managerial, investment, financial and operational personnel is intense. As a recently formed company, we cannot assure you that we will be successful in attracting and retaining such skilled personnel or in integrating any new personnel into our organization. Moreover, additional employees could result in a substantial increase in compensation expense that may not be offset with additional revenue.

 

Operating our business on a larger scale could result in substantial increases in our expenses.

 

One of our goals is to implement our single-family rental business nationally. Our business model assumes that we can successfully use our vertically integrated platform to acquire and manage single-family homes on a larger scale than we have done to date without a directly proportional increase in our expenses. As our business grows in size and complexity, we can provide no assurance that our management platform will ultimately prove to be “scalable,” we will be able to achieve economies of scale or we will be able to manage additional properties in our current markets, successfully enter new markets or grow our business without incurring significant additional expenses.

 

Our investments are, and will continue to be, concentrated in the single-family housing sector and in a number of markets nationally. This exposes us to the risk of downturns in that sector or in such markets, and we would be adversely affected by an economic downturn or other adverse events impacting the single-family housing sector or any of such markets.

 

Our investment and geographic concentrations expose us to the risk of economic downturns and adverse regulatory, environmental or other developments in the single-family housing sector or any of the markets in which our properties are located, to a greater extent than if our strategy encompassed other sectors of the real estate industry and additional markets.

 

In addition to general, regional, national and international economic conditions, our business will be impacted by the economic conditions in the specific geographic areas and markets in which we operate. We intend to continue to acquire and manage single-family homes and to provide short-term private mortgage financing secured by single-family homes located in markets where we are currently invested, which, as of March 31, 2013, included Phoenix, Arizona; Las Vegas, Nevada; the Inland Empire and Central Valley regions of California; Fort Myers, Florida; Atlanta, Georgia; Chicago, Illinois; Indianapolis, Indiana; Charlotte, North Carolina; Raleigh-Cary, North Carolina; Winston-Salem, North Carolina; Charleston, South Carolina; Dallas, Texas; and Houston, Texas. We intend to invest in other markets as well. A significant assumption underlying our investment strategy is our belief that property values and operating fundamentals for single-family homes in these markets will improve significantly over the next several years. We can provide no assurance that this assumption will prove to be correct, and each of these markets has experienced substantial economic downturns in recent years and could experience similar economic downturns in the future. It is possible that the recent economic downturn in these markets could persist, and we may not accurately predict the timing of any economic improvement in these markets.

 

Our dependence upon local, third-party service providers may harm our financial results or reputation if the third parties fail to perform.

 

Though we are internally managed, we use local, third-party vendors and service providers to provide certain services for our properties. For example, we regularly rely on third-party home improvement professionals, leasing agents and property management companies to provide services to many of our properties. Selecting, managing and supervising these third-party service providers requires significant resources and expertise. We do not have exclusive or long-term contractual relationships with any of these third-party providers, and we can provide no assurance that we will have uninterrupted or unlimited access to their services.

 

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If we do not select, manage and supervise appropriate third parties to provide these services, our reputation and financial results may suffer. Notwithstanding our efforts to implement and enforce strong policies and practices regarding service providers, we may not successfully detect and prevent fraud, incompetence or theft by our third-party service providers. In addition, any removal or termination of third-party service providers would require us to seek new vendors or providers, which would create delays and adversely affect our operations. Poor performance by third-party service providers will reflect poorly on us and could significantly damage our reputation among desirable tenants. In the event of fraud or misconduct by a third party, we could also be exposed to material liability and be held responsible for damages, fines and/or penalties.

 

Through our preferred operator program, we lease a significant number of our properties to third-party property operators pursuant to master leases that have longer terms than our leases with individual tenants who occupy our properties directly.

 

As of March 31, 2013, 1,010 of our properties were leased to third-party property operators pursuant long-term agreements. These operators in turn sub-lease these properties to tenants, and the operators are obligated to pay us rent and bear all costs associated with the properties, such as insurance, real estate taxes, HOA fees and maintenance costs. To the extent these operators do not maintain sufficient occupancy or rental rates at the properties, it is possible that they will not meet their obligations to pay rent to us. Moreover, if an operator defaults on its lease with us or chooses not to extend or renew its lease, we would be required to find a replacement operator or operate the properties ourselves. No assurance can be given that operators will choose to extend or renew their leases with us or that we would be able to locate acceptable replacement operators on terms as favorable as we previously did. Moreover, if we choose to operate the properties ourselves it could increase our costs, especially if we were required to expand our operations to a new geographic area. We have agreed to pay each third-party operator a portion of the net proceeds in excess of our initial purchase price if we sell a property that the third-party operator operates during the lease term. Though we believe this provides third-party operators an incentive to maintain these properties, we will not be able to capture all of any home price appreciation that these assets may experience.

 

Long-term leases may not result in fair market lease rates over time; therefore, our income and cash available for distribution to our stockholders could be lower than if we did not enter into long-term leases.

 

Through our preferred operator program, we enter into long-term leases with third-party property operators relating to portfolios of properties. These operators, in turn, lease the properties out to individual tenants. Our longer-term leases with third-party operators provide for rent increases over time and require that the operators pay us a portion of their gross sub-lease revenue to us in the form of percentage rent. If we do not accurately judge the potential for increases in market rental rates, the rent under our long-term leases with operators may be significantly less than then-current market rental rates, even after contractual rental increases and applicable percentage rents. Further, we may have no ability to terminate those leases or to adjust the rent to then-current market rates, or, for certain long-term leases with third-party operators, we may have termination rights but may be required to pay a termination payment to the operators in connection therewith. As a result, our revenues and cash available for distribution to our stockholders could be lower than if we did not enter into long-term leases relating to portfolios of properties.

 

Short-term leases of residential property may expose us to the effects of declining market rents.

 

We anticipate that a majority of our leases to tenant-occupants will be for a term of one year. As these leases permit the tenants to leave at the end of the lease term without penalty, we anticipate our rental revenues may be affected by declines in market rents more quickly than if our leases were for longer terms. Short-term leases may result in high turnover, which involves costs such as restoring the properties, marketing costs and lower occupancy levels. Because we have a limited operating history, our tenant turnover rate and related cost estimates may be less accurate than if we had more operating data upon which to base these estimates.

 

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We rely on information supplied by prospective tenants in managing our business.

 

We rely on information supplied to us by prospective tenants in their rental applications to make leasing decisions, and we cannot be certain that this information is accurate. In particular, we rely on information submitted by prospective tenants regarding household income, tenure at current job, number of children and size of household. Moreover, these applications are submitted to us at the time we evaluate a prospective tenant, and we do not require tenants to provide us with updated information during the terms of their leases, notwithstanding the fact that this information can, and frequently does, change over time. Even though this information is not updated, we use it to evaluate the overall average credit characteristics of our portfolio over time. If tenant-supplied information is inaccurate or our tenants’ creditworthiness declines over time, we may make poor leasing or underwriting decisions and our portfolio may contain more credit risk than we believe. When we purchase properties that are subject to existing leases, we are not able to collect any information on tenant creditworthiness in connection with such purchases.

 

We may be unable to secure funds for future tenant or other capital improvements, which could limit our ability to attract or replace tenants.

 

When tenants do not renew their leases or otherwise vacate their space, we often are required to expend funds for property restoration and leasing commissions in order to re-lease the property. If we have not established reserves for such expenditures, we will have to obtain financing from other sources. We may also have future financing needs for other capital improvements to restore our properties. If we need to secure financing for capital improvements in the future but are unable to secure such financing or are unable to secure financing on terms we feel are acceptable, we may be unable to make capital improvements or we may be required to defer such improvements. If this happens, it may cause our properties to suffer from a greater risk of obsolescence or a decline in value, or a greater risk of decreased cash flow as a result of fewer potential tenants being attracted to the property or existing tenants not renewing their leases. If we do not have access to sufficient funding in the future, we may not be able to make necessary capital improvements to our properties, and our properties’ ability to generate revenue may be significantly impaired.

 

When evaluating a property for acquisition, we make a number of significant estimates and assumptions that may prove to be inaccurate. This could cause us to overpay for a property or incur restoration and marketing costs significantly in excess of our estimates.

 

In determining whether a particular property meets our investment criteria, we make a number of significant estimates and assumptions, including the amount of time it will take us to gain possession of the property, estimated restoration costs, the amount of time between acquiring the property and leasing it, annual operating costs, rental rates and tenant default rates. These estimates and assumptions may prove to be inaccurate and cause us to overpay for properties or overvalue our properties. If we determine to make the estimates and assumptions used in evaluating potential properties for purchase more stringent, it would likely reduce the number of properties that we deem acceptable for purchase. Increases in the market prices for or decreases in the inventory of single-family homes in our markets could also reduce the number of properties that meet our investment criteria. These factors could adversely affect our ability to deploy the net proceeds from the IPO in accordance with our investment strategy.

 

Furthermore, we expect that there will be a significant degree of variability in the amount of time it takes us to gain possession of a property, the amount of restoration required at a property, the quality of construction of a property, the desirability of a property’s location and other property-specific issues. Our success will depend, to a significant degree, on our ability to evaluate these factors and identify and acquire properties that can be restored, rented and maintained at attractive yields. To the extent our evaluation of these factors or our assumptions are inaccurate, our investments may not meet our expectations.

 

In addition, the market and regulatory environments relating to single-family homes have been changing rapidly, making future trends difficult to forecast. For example, an increasing number of homeowners now wait

 

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for an eviction notice or eviction proceedings to commence before vacating a foreclosed property, which significantly increases the time period between the acquisition and leasing of a property. Such changes affect the accuracy of our assumptions and, in turn, may adversely affect us.

 

Our long-term growth will depend significantly upon future acquisitions of single-family homes that meet our acquisition criteria.

 

The acquisition of single-family homes entails various risks, including the risks that we may overvalue a home, our homes may not perform as we expect, we may be unable to quickly and efficiently restore and lease our self-managed homes, our tenants may default and our cost estimates for restoring an acquired home may prove inaccurate. In addition, we cannot assure you of the continued availability of acquisition opportunities in our markets at attractive pricing levels.

 

Our revenue and expenses are not directly correlated, and, because a large percentage of our costs and expenses are fixed and some variable expenses may not decrease over time, we may not be able to adapt our cost structure to offset any declines in our revenue.

 

Many of the expenses associated with our business, such as acquisition costs, restoration and maintenance costs, HOA fees, personal and real property taxes, insurance, compensation and other general expenses are fixed and would not necessarily decrease proportionally with any decrease in revenue. Our assets also require a significant amount of ongoing capital expenditure. Our expenses, including capital expenditures, will be affected by, among other things, any inflationary increases, and cost increases may exceed the rate of inflation in any given period. Certain expenses incurred on a per-unit basis are recurring in nature, such as HOA fees, taxes, insurance and restoration and maintenance costs, which may not decrease on a per-unit basis as our portfolio grows through additional property acquisitions. By contrast, our revenue is affected by many factors beyond our control, such as the availability and price of alternative rental housing and economic conditions in our markets. As a result, we may not be able to fully, or partially, offset any increase in our expenses with a corresponding increase in our revenues. In addition, state and local regulations may require us to maintain our properties, even if the cost of maintenance is greater than the value of the property or any potential benefit we may receive from renting the property.

 

If we cannot obtain financing, our growth may be limited.

 

To qualify as a REIT, we will be required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, each year to our stockholders. As a result, our ability to retain earnings to fund acquisitions, restorations or other capital expenditures will be limited. As of March 31, 2013, all of our assets were purchased with cash on hand and borrowings of approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility. However, over time, we may determine that it is appropriate to use leverage as a component of our financing strategy in an effort to increase our return potential. We can provide no assurance that we will be able to obtain debt financing on favorable terms or at all.

 

Recent events in the financial markets have had an adverse impact on the credit markets, and, as a result, credit has become significantly more expensive and difficult to obtain, if available at all. Some lenders are imposing more stringent credit terms and there has been and may continue to be a general reduction in the amount of credit available. Many banks are either unable or unwilling to provide new asset-based lending. Tightening credit markets may have an adverse effect on our ability to obtain financing on favorable terms, thereby increasing financing costs and/or requiring us to accept financing with increasing restrictions. If adverse conditions in the credit markets—in particular with respect to single-family home finance—materially deteriorate, our business could be materially and adversely affected. Our long-term ability to grow through additional investments will be limited if we cannot obtain additional financing. Market conditions may make it difficult to obtain financing, and we cannot assure you that we will be able to obtain debt or equity financing or that we will be able to obtain it on favorable terms.

 

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We may also be limited in the amount of leverage that we may incur by the terms of various financing arrangements, including our $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility. The credit facility has an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%.

 

Debt service obligations could adversely affect our operating results, may require us to sell properties and could adversely affect our ability to make or sustain distributions to our stockholders and the market price of our common stock.

 

Though we have not done so to date, we may finance future activities with indebtedness and we may be more likely to do so as our business grows. We may borrow for a number of reasons, such as financing acquisitions, capital expenditures or distributions necessary to qualify as a REIT. Our governing documents contain no limitations on the amount of debt that we may incur. As a result, we may incur substantial debt in the future.

 

Incurring debt could subject us to many risks, including the risks that:

 

   

our cash flows from operations will be insufficient to make required payments of principal and interest;

 

   

our debt may increase our vulnerability to adverse economic and industry conditions;

 

   

we will be subject to restrictive covenants that require us to satisfy and remain in compliance with certain financial requirements or that impose limitations on the type or extent of activities we conduct;

 

   

we may be required to dedicate a substantial portion of our cash flows from operations to payments on our debt, thereby reducing cash available for distribution to our stockholders, funds available for operations and capital expenditures, future business opportunities or other purposes; and

 

   

the terms of any refinancing may not be as favorable as the terms of the debt being refinanced.

 

If we do not have sufficient funds to repay any debt we incur when it matures, we may need to refinance the debt or raise additional equity. If, at the time of any refinancing, prevailing interest rates or other factors result in higher interest rates on refinancing, increases in interest expense could adversely affect our cash flows and, consequently, cash available for distribution to our stockholders. To the extent we are required to raise additional equity to satisfy such debt, existing stockholders would see their interests diluted. If we are unable to refinance our debt or raise additional equity on acceptable terms, we may be forced to dispose of substantial numbers of properties on disadvantageous terms, potentially resulting in losses. To the extent we cannot meet any future debt service obligations, we will risk losing some or all of our properties that may be pledged to secure our obligations to foreclosure. Any unsecured debt agreements we enter into may contain specific cross-default provisions with respect to specified other indebtedness, giving the unsecured lenders the right to declare a default if we are in default under other loans in some circumstances.

 

The joint venture investments that we have made and the joint venture investments we may make in the future could be adversely affected by our lack of sole decision-making authority, our reliance on our co-venturer’s financial condition and disputes between us and our co-venturer.

 

On October 10, 2012, we invested approximately $5.5 million in Flat Iron VI LLC, a joint venture in which our equity interest is approximately 78% of the total amount invested. On December 31, 2012, we invested approximately $4.7 million in Siphon Draw LLC, a joint venture in which our equity interest is approximately 80% of the total amount invested. Both of these joint ventures used invested funds to purchase portfolios of performing residential mortgage loans. We may continue to co-invest in the future with third parties through

 

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partnerships, joint ventures or other entities, acquiring non-controlling interests in or sharing responsibility for a property, partnership, joint venture or other entity. Under these circumstances, we may not be in a position to exercise sole decision-making authority regarding the assets held through the venture or the venture itself. Investments through joint ventures involve risks not present were a third party not involved in the investment, including the possibility that co-venturers may have rights that are superior to ours, become bankrupt, fail to fund their share of required capital contributions, make poor business decisions or block or delay actions that we believe are necessary or desirable. Co-venturers may have economic or other business interests or goals which are inconsistent with ours, including inconsistent goals relating to the sale of assets or properties held in a joint venture or the timing of the termination and liquidation of the venture, and may be in a position to take actions contrary to our policies or objectives. Such investments may also have the potential risk of impasses on decisions, such as a sale, in circumstances in which neither we nor our co-venturer have full control over the partnership or joint venture. Disputes between us and co-venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and/or directors from focusing their time and effort on our business. Consequently, action by or disputes with co-venturers might result in subjecting properties owned by the joint venture to additional risk. In addition, we may under certain circumstances be liable for the actions of our co-venturers.

 

Our Board of Directors may change our investment strategy, financing strategy or leverage policies without stockholder consent.

 

Our Board of Directors may change any of our strategies, policies or procedures with respect to property acquisitions and divestitures, asset allocation, growth, operations, indebtedness, financing and distributions at any time without the consent of our stockholders, which could result in our acquiring properties that are different from, and possibly riskier than, the types of single-family residential real estate and related investments described in this prospectus. These changes could adversely affect us.

 

Our financial results in the period or periods immediately following completion of the IPO or this offering may not be reflective of our earning potential and may cause our stock price to decline.

 

Our financial results in the fiscal periods immediately following completion of the IPO or this offering may not be representative of our future potential. Prior to the full deployment of the net proceeds from the IPO, we may invest the undeployed net proceeds in interest-bearing, short-term, investment-grade securities or money market accounts that are consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT. We expect that these initial investments will provide a lower net return than we expect to receive from the investments described in this prospectus. In addition, since we expect to experience rapid growth following the IPO, we will have a greater percentage of our portfolio invested in assets in the process of stabilization than we would expect to have as a more mature operation. It will take time and significant cash resources to restore, reposition and lease these properties in the process of stabilization. As a result, newly acquired properties, that are not leased at the time of acquisition, will not begin generating revenue for some period of time following the IPO or this offering and will reduce our overall financial performance. In addition, future equity or debt financings may impact our financial results in the fiscal periods following such financings for the same reasons listed above.

 

We anticipate being involved in a variety of litigation.

 

We anticipate being involved in a range of court proceedings in the ordinary course of business. These actions may include eviction proceedings and other landlord-tenant disputes, challenges to title and ownership rights (including actions brought by prior owners alleging wrongful foreclosure by their lender or loan servicer) and issues with local housing officials arising from the condition or maintenance of a property. While we intend to vigorously defend any non-meritorious action or challenge, no assurance can be given that we will not incur significant expense relating to these matters or that they will not require significant management attention and adversely affect us.

 

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Security breaches and other disruptions could compromise our information and expose us to liability, which would cause our business and reputation to suffer.

 

In the ordinary course of our business we acquire and store sensitive data, including intellectual property, our proprietary business information and personally identifiable information of our prospective and current tenants, our employees and third-party service providers in our offices and on our networks. The secure processing and maintenance of this information is critical to our operations and business strategy. Despite our security measures, our information technology and infrastructure may be vulnerable to attacks by hackers or breached due to employee error, malfeasance or other disruptions. Any such breach could compromise our networks and the information stored there could be accessed, publicly disclosed, lost or stolen. Any such access, disclosure or other loss of information could result in legal claims or proceedings, liability under laws that protect the privacy of personal information, regulatory penalties, disruption to our operations and the services we provide to customers or damage our reputation, which could adversely affect our results of operations and competitive position.

 

We will incur significant expenses as a result of being a public company, which will negatively impact our financial performance.

 

We will incur significant legal, accounting, insurance and other expenses as a result of being a public company. The Dodd-Frank Act and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, or the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, as well as related rules implemented by the SEC and the NYSE, have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies. In addition, rules that the SEC is implementing or is required to implement pursuant to the Dodd-Frank Act are expected to require additional changes. We expect that compliance with these and other similar laws, rules and regulations, including compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, will substantially increase our expenses, including our legal and accounting costs, and make some activities more time-consuming and costly. We also expect these laws, rules and regulations to make it more expensive for us to obtain director and officer liability insurance, and we may be required to accept reduced policy limits and coverage or incur substantially higher costs to obtain the same or similar coverage, which may make it more difficult for us to attract and retain qualified persons to serve on our Board of Directors or as officers. Although the JOBS Act recently enacted by the U.S. Congress and discussed in the next risk factor may for a limited period of time somewhat lessen the cost of complying with these additional regulatory and other requirements, we nonetheless expect a substantial increase in legal, accounting, insurance and certain other expenses in the future, which will negatively impact our results of operations and financial condition.

 

The recently enacted JOBS Act will allow us to postpone the date by which we must comply with certain laws and regulations intended to protect investors and to reduce the amount of information we provide in our reports filed with the SEC.

 

The recently enacted JOBS Act is intended to reduce the regulatory burden on “emerging growth companies.” As defined in the JOBS Act, a public company whose initial public offering of common equity securities occurred after December 8, 2011 and whose annual gross revenues are less than $1.0 billion will, in general, qualify as an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of:

 

   

the last day of its fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of its initial public offering of common equity securities;

 

   

the last day of its fiscal year in which it has annual gross revenue of $1.0 billion or more;

 

   

the date on which it has, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; and

 

   

the date on which it is deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” which will occur at such time as the company (1) has an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700 million or more as of the last business day of its most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (2) has been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act for a period of at least 12 months and (3) has filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act.

 

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Under this definition, we will be an “emerging growth company” upon completion of the IPO and could remain an “emerging growth company” until as late as December 31, 2018.

 

The JOBS Act provides that, so long as a company qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” it will, among other things:

 

   

be exempt from the provisions of Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requiring that its independent registered public accounting firm provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting;

 

   

be exempt from the “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Act and certain disclosure requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to compensation of its chief executive officer;

 

   

be permitted to omit the detailed compensation discussion and analysis from proxy statements and reports filed under the Exchange Act and instead provide a reduced level of disclosure concerning executive compensation; and

 

   

be exempt from any rules that may be adopted by the PCAOB requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report on the financial statements.

 

Although we are still evaluating the JOBS Act, we currently may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” except that we have irrevocably elected not to take advantage of the extension of time to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards available under Section 102(b) of the JOBS Act. Among other reduced requirements available to us, our independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to provide an attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” which may increase the risk that weaknesses or deficiencies in our internal control over financial reporting go undetected. Likewise, so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” we may elect not to provide you with certain information, including certain financial information and certain information regarding compensation of our executive officers, that we would otherwise have been required to provide in filings we make with the SEC, which may make it more difficult for investors and securities analysts to evaluate our company. As a result, investor confidence in our company and the market price of our common stock may be adversely affected.

 

As a public reporting company, we will be subject to rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC and the NYSE regarding our internal control over financial reporting. We may not complete needed improvements to our internal control over financial reporting in a timely manner, or these internal controls may not be determined to be effective, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and, as a result, the market price of our common stock and your investment.

 

Upon completion of the IPO, we will become a public reporting company subject to the rules and regulations established from time to time by the SEC and the NYSE. These rules and regulations will require, among other things, that we establish and periodically evaluate procedures with respect to our internal controls over financial reporting. Reporting obligations as a public company are likely to place a considerable strain on our financial and management systems, processes and controls, as well as on our personnel. In addition, as a public company we will be required to document and test our internal controls over financial reporting pursuant to Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act so that our management can certify as to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting by the time our annual report for the year ending December 31, 2014 is due and thereafter, which will require us to document and make significant changes to our internal controls over financial reporting. Likewise, our independent registered public accounting firm will be required to provide an

 

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attestation report on the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting at such time as we cease to be an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, although, as described in the preceding risk factor, we could potentially qualify as an “emerging growth company” until December 31, 2018. As a result, we will be required to improve our financial and managerial controls, reporting systems and procedures, to incur substantial expenses to test our systems and to make such improvements and to hire additional personnel. If our management is unable to certify the effectiveness of our internal controls, if our independent registered public accounting firm cannot deliver (at such time as it is required to do so) a report attesting to the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting or if we identify or fail to remediate material weaknesses in our internal controls, we could be subject to regulatory scrutiny and a loss of public confidence, which could harm our reputation and the market price of our common stock. In addition, if we do not maintain adequate financial and management personnel, processes and controls, we may not be able to manage our business effectively or accurately report our financial performance on a timely basis, which could cause a decline in our common stock price and adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.

 

The estimates, forecasts and projections relating to our markets prepared by JBREC are based upon numerous assumptions and may not prove to be accurate.

 

This prospectus contains estimates, forecasts and projections relating to our primary markets that were prepared for us for use in connection with the IPO and this offering by JBREC, a real estate consulting firm. See “Industry Overview and Market Opportunity.” The estimates, forecasts and projections relate to, among other things, replacement cost, home value indices, payroll employment growth, median household income, housing permits and household formation. No assurance can be given that these estimates are, or that the forecasts and projections will prove to be, accurate. These estimates, forecasts and projections are based on data (including third-party data), significant assumptions, proprietary methodologies and the experience and judgment of JBREC. No assurance can be given regarding the accuracy or appropriateness of the assumptions and judgments made, or the methodologies used, by JBREC. The application of alternative assumptions, judgments or methodologies could result in materially less favorable estimates, forecasts and projections than those contained in this prospectus. Other real estate experts have different views regarding these forecasts and projections that may be more positive or negative, including in terms of the timing, magnitude and direction of future changes.

 

The forecasts and projections are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to be materially different from the projections. JBREC has made these forecasts and projections based on studying the historical and current performance of the residential housing market and applying JBREC’s qualitative knowledge about the residential housing market. The future is difficult to predict, particularly given that the economy and housing markets can be cyclical, subject to changing consumer and market psychology, and governmental policies related to mortgage regulations and interest rates. There will usually be differences between projected and actual outcomes, because events and circumstances frequently do not occur as expected, and the differences may be material. Accordingly, the forecasts and projections included in this prospectus might not occur or might occur to a different extent or at a different time. For the foregoing reasons, neither we nor JBREC can provide any assurance that the estimates, forecasts and projections contained in this prospectus are accurate, actual outcomes may vary significantly from those contained or implied by the forecasts and projections, and you should not place undue reliance on these estimates, forecasts and projections. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update the statements in this prospectus to conform to actual outcomes or changes in our or JBREC’s expectations.

 

Risks Related to Single-Family Housing

 

The value and operating fundamentals of single-family housing in our markets may not improve.

 

A substantial part of our business plan is based on our belief that the value and operating fundamentals of single-family housing in our markets will improve significantly over the next several years. We cannot assure

 

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you as to whether, when or to what extent property values and operating fundamentals will improve. In addition, it is possible that our belief is incorrect and that the value and operating fundamentals of single-family housing in our markets will not improve and may deteriorate.

 

Many factors impact the single-family residential rental market, and if rents in our markets do not increase sufficiently to keep pace with rising costs of operations, our cash available for distribution will decline.

 

The success of our business model will substantially depend on conditions in the single-family rental market in our geographic markets. Our asset acquisitions are premised on assumptions about, among other things, occupancy and rent levels, and if those assumptions prove to be inaccurate our cash flows will be lower than expected. Rental rates and occupancy levels have benefited in recent periods from macroeconomic trends affecting the U.S. economy and residential real estate markets in particular, including:

 

   

a tightening of credit that has made it more difficult to finance a home purchase, combined with efforts by consumers generally to reduce their exposure to credit;

 

   

weak economic and employment conditions that have increased foreclosure rates and made it more difficult for families to remain in homes that were purchased prior to the economic downturn;

 

   

declining real estate values that have challenged the traditional notion that homeownership is a stable investment; and

 

   

the unprecedented level of vacant housing comprising the REO by banks, GSEs, and other mortgage lenders or guarantors, and inventory held for sale by banks, GSEs, and other mortgage lenders or guarantors.

 

We do not expect these favorable trends in the residential rental market to continue indefinitely. Eventually, a strengthening of the U.S. economy and job growth, coupled with government programs designed to keep homeowners in their homes and/or other factors, may contribute to a stabilization or reversal of the current trend that favors renting rather than homeownership. In addition, we expect that as investors like us increasingly seek to capitalize on opportunities to purchase undervalued housing assets and convert them to productive uses, the supply of single-family rental properties will decrease and the competition for tenants will intensify. A softening of the rental market in our markets would reduce our rental revenue.

 

Acquiring properties during periods when the single-family home sector is experiencing substantial inflows of capital and intense competition may result in inflated purchase prices and increase the likelihood that our properties will not appreciate in value and may, instead, decrease in value.

 

The allocation of substantial amounts of capital for investment in the single-family home sector and significant competition for income producing real estate may inflate the purchase prices for such assets. To the extent we purchased or in the future purchase real estate in such an environment, it is possible that the value of our properties may not appreciate and may, instead, decrease in value, perhaps significantly, below the amount we paid for such properties. In addition to macroeconomic and local economic factors, technical factors, such as a decrease in the amount of capital allocated to the single-family home sector and the number of investors participating in the sector, could cause the value of our properties to decline.

 

Mortgage loan modification programs and future legislative action may reduce the number of properties that meet our investment criteria.

 

The U.S. government, through the Federal Reserve, the Federal Housing Administration and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, has implemented a number of programs designed to provide homeowners with assistance in avoiding residential mortgage loan foreclosures, including the Home Affordable Modification Program, which seeks to provide relief to homeowners whose mortgages are in or may be subject to foreclosure,

 

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and the Home Affordable Refinance Program, which allows certain borrowers who are underwater on their mortgage but current on their mortgage payments to refinance their loans. Several states, including states in which our current markets are located, have adopted or are considering similar legislation. These programs and other loss mitigation programs may involve, among other things, the modification or refinancing of mortgage loans or providing homeowners with additional relief from loan foreclosures. Such programs are intended to lead to fewer foreclosures and, if successful, will decrease the supply of properties that meet our investment criteria.

 

The pace of residential foreclosures is unpredictable and subject to numerous factors. In recent periods there has been a backlog of foreclosures, due to a combination of volume constraints and legal actions, including those brought by the U.S. Department of Justice, or the DOJ, the Department of Housing and Urban Development, or HUD, State Attorneys General, the office of the Comptroller of the Currency, or the OCC, and the Federal Reserve Board against mortgage servicers alleging wrongful foreclosure practices. Financial institutions have also been subjected to regulatory restrictions and limitations on foreclosure activity by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Legal claims brought or threatened by the DOJ, HUD and 49 State Attorneys General against the five largest residential mortgage servicers in the country were settled in 2012 for approximately $25 billion, and an enforcement action threatened by the OCC against ten residential mortgage servicers was settled in 2013 for approximately $8.5 billion. A portion of the funds from each settlement will be directed to homeowners seeking to avoid foreclosure through mortgage modifications, and servicers are required to adopt specified measures to reduce mortgage obligations in certain situations. It is expected that the settlements will help many homeowners avoid foreclosures that would otherwise have occurred in the near-term. It is also possible that other residential mortgage servicing companies will agree to similar settlements. These developments will reduce the number of homes in the process of foreclosure and decrease the supply of properties that meet our investment criteria.

 

In addition, the U.S. Congress and numerous state legislatures have considered, proposed or adopted legislation to constrain foreclosures, or may do so in the future. The Dodd-Frank Act also created the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, which supervises and enforces federal consumer protection laws as they apply to banks, credit unions and other financial companies, including mortgage servicers. It remains uncertain as to whether any of these measures will have a significant impact on foreclosure volumes or what the timing of that impact would be. If foreclosure volumes were to decline significantly, we would expect REO inventory levels to decline or to grow at a slower pace, which would make it more difficult to find target assets at attractive prices and might constrain our growth or reduce our long-term profitability. Also, the number of families seeking rental housing might be reduced by such legislation, reducing rental housing demand in our markets.

 

Claims of deficiencies in the foreclosure process may result in rescission of our purchases at auction or reduce the supply of foreclosed properties available to us.

 

Allegations of deficiencies in foreclosure practices could result in claims challenging the validity of some foreclosures that have occurred, potentially placing our claim of ownership to some of our properties at risk. We cannot be assured that our title insurance policies would provide protection in such instances or that such proceedings would not result in a complete dispossession of property from us without compensation.

 

Each state has its own laws governing the procedures to foreclose on mortgages and deeds of trust, and state laws generally require strict compliance with these laws in both judicial and non-judicial foreclosures. Recently, courts and administrative agencies have been more actively involved in enforcing state laws governing foreclosures, and, in some circumstances, have imposed new rules and requirements regarding foreclosures. Some courts have delayed or prohibited foreclosures based on alleged failures to comply with proper transfers of title, notice, identification of parties in interest, documentation and other legal requirements. The increase in the number of foreclosures since 2007 has led legislatures in many states to consider modifications to foreclosure laws to restrict and reduce foreclosures. For example, in 2012, California enacted a law imposing new limitations on foreclosures while a request for a loan modification is pending. Further, foreclosed owners and their legal representatives, including some prominent and well-financed legal firms, have brought litigation questioning the

 

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validity and finality of foreclosures that have already occurred. These developments may reduce, or slow the rate of growth in, the supply of foreclosed homes available to us for purchase. They may also call into question the validity of our title to homes acquired at foreclosure, or result in rescission rights or other borrower remedies, which could result in a loss of a property purchased by us that may not be covered by title insurance. This could result in an increase in litigation and property maintenance costs incurred with respect to properties obtained through foreclosure, or delays in stabilizing and leasing such properties promptly after acquisition.

 

Single-family homes that are being sold through foreclosure or short-sales are subject to risks of theft, vandalism or other damage that could impair their value.

 

When a single-family home is put into foreclosure, due to a default by the homeowner on mortgage obligations, or a homeowner seeks a short sale, due to the value of the property being substantially below the outstanding principal balance of the mortgage, it is possible that the homeowner may cease to maintain the property adequately, or that the property may be abandoned by the homeowner and become susceptible to theft or vandalism. Lack of maintenance, theft and vandalism can substantially impair the value of the property. If we purchase a large number of properties in foreclosure in bulk sales and are not able to inspect each property before closing or we are unable to rent the properties quickly after purchase and restoration, some of our properties could be impaired.

 

We generally are not able to conduct a thorough inspection before purchasing properties at auction or in bulk sales.

 

We have purchased and expect to continue to purchase properties at auction and in bulk sales. When we purchase properties in these manners, we generally do not have the opportunity to conduct interior inspections or conduct more than cursory exterior inspections on a portion of the properties. These inspection processes may fail to reveal major defects associated with such properties, which may cause the amount of time and expense required to restore such properties to substantially exceed our estimates.

 

Properties acquired in bulk may subject us to a variety of risks.

 

A substantial portion of our properties were, and we expect that a substantial portion of any future property acquisitions will be, purchased as portfolios in bulk from other owners of single-family homes. To the extent the management and leasing of such properties has not been consistent with our property management and leasing standards, we may be subject to a variety of risks, including risks relating to the condition of the properties, the credit quality and employment stability of the tenants and compliance with applicable laws, among others. In addition, financial and other information provided to us regarding such portfolios during our due diligence may not be accurate, and we may not discover such inaccuracies until it is too late to seek remedies against such sellers. To the extent we timely pursue such remedies, we may not be able to successfully prevail against the seller in an action seeking damages for such inaccuracies.

 

We incur significant costs in restoring our properties, and we may underestimate the costs or amount of time necessary to complete restorations.

 

Before renting a home, we typically perform a detailed assessment, with an on-site review of the home, to identify the scope of restoration to be completed. Beyond customary repairs, we often undertake improvements designed to optimize overall property appeal and increase the value of the property when such improvements can be done cost effectively. To the extent properties are occupied by existing tenants, restorations may be postponed until the tenant vacates the premises.

 

We expect that nearly all of our properties will require some level of restoration immediately upon their acquisition or in the future following expiration of a lease or otherwise. We may acquire properties that we plan to extensively restore. We may also acquire properties that we expect to be in good condition only to discover

 

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unforeseen defects and problems that require extensive restoration and capital expenditures. In addition, in order to reposition properties in the rental market, we will be required to make ongoing capital improvements and may need to perform significant restorations and repairs from time to time that tenant deposits and insurance may not cover. Our properties have infrastructure and appliances of varying ages and conditions. Consequently, we routinely retain third-party contractors and trade professionals to perform repair work and are exposed to the risks inherent in property restoration, including potential cost overruns, increases in labor and materials costs, delays by contractors in completing work, delays in the timing of receiving necessary work permits and certificates of occupancy and poor workmanship. If our assumptions regarding the cost or timing of restorations across our properties prove to be materially inaccurate, we will be adversely affected.

 

The costs and amount of time necessary to secure possession and control of a newly acquired property may exceed our assumptions, which would delay our receipt of revenue from, and return on, the property.

 

Upon acquiring a new property, we may have to evict occupants who are in unlawful possession before we can secure possession and control of the property. The holdover occupants may be the former owners or tenants of a property, or they may be squatters or others who are illegally in possession. Securing control and possession from these occupants can be both costly and time-consuming. If these costs and delays exceed our expectations, our financial performance may suffer because of the increased expenses incurred or the unexpected delays in turning the properties into revenue-producing rented homes.

 

We depend on our tenants for a substantial majority of our revenues.

 

We depend on tenants for a substantial portion of our revenues. Our operating results and cash available for distribution would be adversely affected if a significant number of our tenants were unable to meet their lease obligations or failed to renew their leases with us. Widespread lay-offs and other adverse changes in the economic conditions in our markets could result in substantial tenant defaults or non-renewals. In the event of a tenant default or bankruptcy, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord at that property and may incur costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing the property. We may be unable to re-lease the property for the rent previously received.

 

Through our preferred operator program, we often acquire portfolios of properties that are master leased to a third-party operator. Under these arrangements, the revenue we derive from these properties comes entirely from lease payments made by the third-party operator to us. If the third-party operator is unable to generate sufficient revenue from the operation of these properties to meet its obligations, including its obligation to pay rent to us, it is likely that the operator will not meet its lease obligations to us. This could result in the reduction or elimination of revenue relating to a large number of our properties. A third-party operator’s ability to make lease payments to us would be adversely affected if a significant number of the occupants of the properties were unable to meet their obligations to the operator, which could make it difficult for the operator to meet its obligations to us. The occupants’ ability to meet their obligations to our third-party operator is affected by the same factors that affect our tenants’ ability to meet their obligations to us with respect to our self-managed portfolio, such as local economic and employment conditions.

 

We may be unable to renew leases and our occupancy rate could decline.

 

We cannot assure you that tenants will renew their leases with us. If the rental rates for our properties decrease or our tenants do not renew their leases, our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, cash available for distribution, market price of our common stock and our ability to satisfy our debt service obligations could be materially adversely affected.

 

Some or all of our properties may become vacant either by a default of tenants under their leases or the expiration or termination of tenant leases. If vacancies continue for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in less cash available for distribution. In addition, the resale value of the property could be reduced because the market value of a particular property may deteriorate if it remains unoccupied for an extended period of time.

 

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A significant number of our properties are part of HOAs, and we and our tenants are subject to the rules and regulations of such HOAs, which may be arbitrary or restrictive. Violations of such rules may subject us to additional fees, penalties and litigation with such HOAs which would be costly.

 

A significant number of our properties are located within HOAs, which are private entities that regulate the activities of owners and occupants of, and levy assessments on, properties in a residential subdivision. HOAs in which we own properties may have or may enact onerous or arbitrary rules that restrict our ability to restore, market or lease our properties or require us to restore or maintain such properties at standards or costs that are in excess of our planned budgets. Such rules may include requirements for landscaping, limitations on signage promoting a property for lease or sale or the requirement that specific construction materials be used in restorations. Some HOAs also impose limits on the number of property owners who may rent their homes, which, if met or exceeded, would cause us to incur additional costs to sell the property and opportunity costs of lost rental revenue. Furthermore, many HOAs impose restrictions on the conduct of occupants of homes and the use of common areas, and we may have tenants who violate HOA rules and for which we may be liable as the property owner. Additionally, the boards of directors of the HOAs in which we own property may not make important disclosures about the properties or may block our access to HOA records, initiate litigation, restrict our ability to sell our properties, impose assessments or arbitrarily change the HOA rules. We may be unaware of or unable to review or comply with HOA rules before purchasing a property, and any such excessively restrictive or arbitrary regulations may cause us to sell such property at a loss, prevent us from renting such property or otherwise reduce our cash flow from such property, which would have an adverse effect on our returns on these properties.

 

We are subject to tenant relief laws and may be subject to rent control laws, which will negatively impact our rental revenue.

 

When we acquire distressed properties, we often will need to evict the occupant of the premises. Additionally, as an owner of many rental properties, we will regularly be seeking to evict tenants who are not paying their rent or are otherwise in material violation of the terms of their lease. Eviction activities will result in additional legal costs and require the time and attention of our management. The eviction process is typically subject to numerous legal requirements and mandatory “cure” policies, which may increase our costs and delay our ability to gain possession of and stabilize a property. Additionally, state and local landlord-tenant laws may impose legal duties on us to assist tenants in relocating to new housing, or restrict our ability to recover certain costs or charge tenants for damage tenants cause to our property. Because such laws vary by state and locality, we will need to be familiar with and take appropriate steps to comply with applicable landlord-tenant laws in the jurisdictions in which we operate, and we will need to incur supervisory and legal expenses to ensure such compliance. To the extent that we do not comply with state or local laws, we may be subjected to civil litigation filed by individuals, a class of plaintiffs or by state or local law enforcement. We may be required to pay our adversaries’ litigation fees and expenses if judgment is entered against us in such litigation or if we settle such litigation.

 

Furthermore, rent control laws may affect our rental revenue. Especially in times of recession and economic slowdown, rent control initiatives can receive significant political support. Were rent control to become applicable to certain of our properties, the effects on both our rental revenue and the value of such properties could be material and adverse.

 

Class action, tenants’ rights and consumer rights litigation may result in increased expenses and harm our results.

 

There are numerous tenants’ rights and consumer rights organizations that operate in our markets, and, as we grow in scale, we may attract attention from some of these organizations and become a target of legal demands or litigation. Many such organizations have become more active and better funded in connection with mortgage foreclosure-related issues, and, with the large settlements identified above and the increased market for single-family rentals arising from former homeowners, some of these organizations may shift their litigation,

 

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lobbying, fundraising and grass roots organizing activities to focus on landlord-tenant issues. While we intend to conduct our business lawfully and in compliance with applicable landlord-tenant and consumer laws, such organizations might work in conjunction with trial and pro bono lawyers in one state or multiple states to attempt to bring claims against us on a class action basis for damages or injunctive relief. We cannot anticipate what form such legal actions might take or what remedies they may seek. Additionally, these organizations may lobby local county and municipal attorneys or state attorneys general to pursue enforcement or litigation against us or may lobby state and local legislatures to pass new laws and regulations to constrain our business operations. If they are successful in any such endeavors, they could limit our business operations and may impose on us significant litigation expenses, including settlements to avoid continued litigation or judgments for damages or injunctions.

 

Poor tenant selection and defaults by our tenants may negatively affect our financial performance and reputation.

 

Our success will depend, in large part, upon our ability to attract and retain qualified tenants for our properties. This will depend, in turn, upon our ability to screen applicants, identify good tenants and avoid tenants who may default. We will inevitably make mistakes in our selection of tenants, and we may rent to tenants whose default on our leases or failure to comply with the terms of the lease or HOA regulations negatively affect our financial performance, reputation and the quality and value of our properties. For example, tenants may default on payment of rent, make unreasonable and repeated demands for service or improvements, make unsupported or unjustified complaints to regulatory or political authorities, make use of our properties for illegal purposes, damage or make unauthorized structural changes to our properties which may not be fully covered by security deposits, refuse to leave the property when the lease is terminated, engage in domestic violence or similar disturbances, disturb nearby residents with noise, trash, odors or eyesores, fail to comply with HOA regulations, sub-let to less desirable individuals in violation of our leases or permit unauthorized persons to live with them. In addition, defaulting tenants will often be effectively judgment-proof. The process of evicting a defaulting tenant from a family residence can be adversarial, protracted and costly. Furthermore, some tenants facing eviction may damage or destroy the property. Damage to our properties may significantly delay re-leasing after eviction, necessitate expensive repairs or impair the rental revenue or value of the property, resulting in a lower than expected rate of return. In addition, we will incur turnover costs associated with re-leasing the properties, such as marketing expense and brokerage commissions, and will not collect revenue while the property is vacant. Although we will attempt to work with tenants to prevent such damage or destruction, there can be no assurance that we will be successful in all or most cases. Such tenants will not only cause us not to achieve our financial objectives for the properties in which they live, but may subject us to liability, and may damage our reputation with our other tenants and in the communities where we do business.

 

Title defects and eminent domain could lead to material losses on our investments.

 

Although we have acquired, and currently intend to acquire in the future, title insurance on the majority of our residential properties when it is available, we will also acquire a number of our homes on an “as is” basis at auctions, without the benefit of title insurance prior to closing. Increased scrutiny of title matters, particularly in the case of foreclosures, could lead to legal challenges with respect to the validity of the sale. In the absence of title insurance, the sale may be rescinded, and we may be unable to recover our purchase price, resulting in a complete loss. Title insurance obtained subsequent to purchase offers little protection against discoverable defects as they are typically excluded from such policies. Although we endeavor to assess the state of title prior to purchase, there can be no assurance that our assessments will be completely effective, which could lead to a material if not complete loss on our investment in such properties. In addition, even if we are able to acquire title insurance on a property, the title insurance provider may assert that we are not entitled to coverage under the policy and deny any claims we have thereunder.

 

Our title to a property, especially those acquired at auction, may be challenged for a variety of reasons, including allegations of defects in the foreclosure process. Title insurance, if any, may not prove adequate in these instances.

 

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It is also possible that governmental authorities may exercise eminent domain to acquire land on which our properties are built in order to build roads or other infrastructure. Any such exercise of eminent domain would allow us to recover only the fair value of the affected properties. Our acquisition strategy is premised on the concept that this “fair value” will be substantially less than the real value of the property for a number of years, and we could effectively have no profit potential from properties acquired by the government through eminent domain. Several cities are also exploring proposals to use eminent domain to acquire mortgages to assist homeowners to remain in their homes, potentially reducing the supply of single-family homes for sale in our markets.

 

The large supply of single-family homes becoming available for purchase as a result of the heavy volume of foreclosures, combined with historically low residential mortgage rates, may cause some potential renters to seek to purchase residences rather than lease them and, as a result, cause a decline in the number and quality of potential tenants.

 

The large supply of foreclosed homes, along with the low residential mortgage interest rates currently available and government sponsored programs to promote home ownership, has made home ownership more affordable and more accessible for potential renters who have strong credit. The foregoing factors may encourage certain potential renters to purchase residences rather than lease them, thereby causing a decline in the number and quality of potential tenants available to us.

 

Declining real estate values and impairment charges could adversely affect our earnings and financial condition.

 

We intend to review the carrying value of our long-lived assets (including our real estate properties) for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances, such as adverse market conditions, indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. If our evaluation indicates that we may be unable to recover the carrying value of a material portion of our real estate investments, an impairment loss will be recorded to the extent that the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value of the properties. These losses would have a direct impact on our net income, because recording an impairment loss results in an immediate negative adjustment to net income. They would also be reflected as a decrease in assets on our balance sheet. The evaluation of anticipated cash flows is highly subjective and is based in part on assumptions regarding future occupancy, rental rates and capital requirements that could differ materially from actual results in future periods. A deteriorating real estate market may cause us to reevaluate the assumptions used in our impairment analysis. Impairment charges could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash available for distribution and market price of our common stock.

 

Risks Related to Short-Term Private Mortgage Financing

 

The short-term private mortgage financings we provide are subject to risks of delinquency, default and loss.

 

Mortgage loans are subject to risks of delinquency, default and loss. The ability of a borrower to repay a loan secured by residential property typically is dependent primarily upon the income or assets of the borrower. In addition, the ability or motivation of the borrower to repay its mortgage loan may be affected by, among other things: changes in zoning laws for the property or its surrounding area; the condition of the property and neighborhood; environmental contamination at the property; the occurrence of any uninsured casualty at the property; changes in national, regional or local economic conditions; declines in regional or local real estate values; increases in interest rates; real estate tax rates; changes in governmental rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including environmental legislation; acts of God; terrorism; social unrest; and civil disturbances.

 

To the extent that the borrower purchased a property with the intent of rehabilitating and “flipping” the property to a third party, such borrower may not have adequate funds to complete the rehabilitation or otherwise may not be able to complete such rehabilitation prior to the maturity of the mortgage note. The inability to

 

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complete such improvements or an inability to sell the property to a third party upon completion of such rehabilitation may impair the borrower’s ability to repay the loan and may result in an event of default under such mortgage loan.

 

In the event of a default under a mortgage loan held by us, we will bear a risk of loss of principal to the extent of any deficiency between the value of the collateral that we can realize upon foreclosure and sale and the principal and accrued interest of the mortgage loan, which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow from operations and could limit the amount of cash available for distribution. In the event of the bankruptcy of a mortgage loan borrower, the mortgage loan to such borrower will be deemed to be secured only to the extent of the value of the underlying collateral at the time of bankruptcy (as determined by the bankruptcy court), and the lien securing the mortgage loan will be subject to the avoidance powers of the bankruptcy trustee or debtor-in-possession to the extent the lien is unenforceable under state law. Foreclosure on a mortgage loan can be an expensive and lengthy process that can have a substantial negative effect on our originally anticipated return on the foreclosed mortgage loan.

 

We may be subject to losses due to fraudulent and negligent acts on the part of loan applicants, mortgage brokers, other vendors and our employees.

 

With respect to our investments in mortgage loans, we rely upon information supplied by borrowers and other third parties, including financial and other information provided by the applicant in connection with our funding of the loan, property appraisal reports or valuations, title information and other appropriate documentation. If any of this information is misrepresented or falsified and if we do not discover it prior to funding a loan, the actual value of such loan may be significantly lower than anticipated. As a practical matter, we generally bear the risk of loss associated with a misrepresentation, whether it is made by the borrower, the mortgage broker, another third party or one of our employees. Although we may have rights against persons and entities who made or knew about the misrepresentation, those persons and entities may be difficult to locate, and it is often difficult to collect any monetary losses that we may have suffered.

 

Our mortgage lending activities are subject to a body of complex laws and regulation at the federal, state and local levels.

 

In connection with our mortgage lending activities, we are required to comply with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as well as judicial and administrative decisions, of all jurisdictions in which we fund mortgage loans, as well as an extensive body of federal laws, rules and regulations. The volume of new or modified laws, rules and regulations applicable to our business has increased in recent years. The laws, rules and regulations of each of these jurisdictions are different, complex and, in some cases, in direct conflict with each other. It may be more difficult to identify comprehensively, to interpret accurately, to program properly our information systems and to effectively train our personnel with respect to all of these laws, rules and regulations, thereby potentially increasing the risks of non-compliance with these laws, rules and regulations. Our failure to comply with these laws, rules and regulations could prevent us from funding mortgage loans and could lead to civil and criminal liability, including potential monetary penalties, and negatively impact our ability to enforce loans or give borrowers the right to rescind or cancel loan transactions.

 

Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry Generally

 

Our performance and value are subject to general economic conditions and risks associated with our real estate assets.

 

The investment returns available from equity investments in real estate depend on the amount of income earned and capital appreciation generated by the properties, as well as the expenses incurred in connection with the properties. If the properties we acquire do not generate income sufficient to meet operating expenses, including any debt service and capital expenditures, then our ability to make distributions to our stockholders could be adversely affected. In addition, there are significant expenditures associated with an investment in real

 

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estate (such as debt service (to the extent we borrow funds in the future), real estate taxes, HOA fees, insurance and maintenance costs) that generally do not decline when circumstances reduce the income from the property. Income from and the value of the properties we acquire may be adversely affected by the factors listed below, some of which are described in greater detail in the pages that follow:

 

   

downturns in international, national, regional and local economic conditions (particularly increases in unemployment);

 

   

the attractiveness of the properties we acquire to potential tenants and competition from other properties;

 

   

changes in supply of or demand for similar or competing properties in our markets;

 

   

bankruptcies, financial difficulties or lease defaults by our tenants;

 

   

inability to collect rent from tenants;

 

   

changes in interest rates, availability and terms of debt financing;

 

   

changes in operating costs and expenses and our ability to control rents;

 

   

changes in, or increased costs of compliance with, governmental laws, rules, regulations and fiscal policies, including changes in tax, real estate, environmental and zoning laws, and our potential liability thereunder;

 

   

political, regulatory or other factors including terrorism;

 

   

illiquidity of real estate investments generally;

 

   

tenants’ perceptions of the safety, convenience and attractiveness of our properties and the neighborhoods in which our properties are located;

 

   

ongoing needs for capital improvements, particularly in older properties;

 

   

our ability to provide adequate maintenance and obtain adequate insurance;

 

   

changes in the cost or availability of insurance, including coverage for mold or asbestos;

 

   

environmental conditions or retained liabilities for such conditions;

 

   

unanticipated changes in costs associated with known adverse environmental conditions or retained liabilities for such conditions;

 

   

periods of high interest rates and tight money supply;

 

   

tenant turnover;

 

   

general overbuilding or excess supply in our markets;

 

   

disruptions in the global supply chain;

 

   

the ability or unwillingness of tenants to pay rent increases;

 

   

civil unrest, acts of God, including earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes, floods and other natural disasters, which may result in uninsured losses, and acts of war or terrorism, including the consequences of terrorist acts such as those that occurred on September 11, 2001;

 

   

rent control or rent stabilization or other housing laws, which could prevent us from raising rents; and

 

   

increases in property-level maintenance and operating expenses.

 

For these and other reasons, we cannot assure you that we will become profitable or that we will realize growth in the value of our real estate properties.

 

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Uninsured or underinsured losses relating to real property may adversely affect our returns.

 

We attempt to ensure that all of the properties we acquire are adequately insured to cover casualty losses. However, there are certain losses, including losses from floods, fires, earthquakes, acts of war, acts of terrorism or riots, that may not always be insured against or that are not generally fully insured against because it is not deemed economically feasible or prudent to do so. In addition, changes in the cost or availability of insurance could expose us to uninsured casualty losses. In the event that any of the properties we acquire incurs a casualty loss that is not fully covered by insurance, the value of our assets will be reduced by the amount of any such uninsured loss, and we could experience a significant loss of capital invested and potential revenues in these properties and could potentially remain obligated under any recourse debt associated with the property. Inflation, changes in building codes and ordinances, environmental considerations and other factors might also keep us from using insurance proceeds to replace or restore a property after it has been damaged or destroyed. Under those circumstances, the insurance proceeds we receive might be inadequate to restore our economic position on the damaged or destroyed property. Any such losses could adversely affect us and the market price of our common stock. In addition, we may have no source of funding to repair or reconstruct the damaged property, and we cannot assure you that any such sources of funding will be available to us for such purposes in the future.

 

Contingent or unknown liabilities could adversely affect our financial condition.

 

Our acquisition activities are subject to many risks. We may acquire properties that are subject to unknown or contingent liabilities, including liabilities for or with respect to liens attached to properties, unpaid real estate taxes, utilities or HOA charges for which a prior owner remains liable, clean-up or remediation of environmental conditions or code violations, claims of vendors or other persons dealing with the acquired properties and tax liabilities, among other things. In each case, our acquisition may be without any, or with only limited, recourse with respect to unknown or contingent liabilities or conditions. As a result, if any such liability were to arise relating to our properties, or if any adverse condition exists with respect to our properties that is in excess of our insurance coverage, we might have to pay substantial sums to settle or cure it, which could adversely affect us. The properties we acquire may also be subject to covenants, conditions or restrictions that restrict the use or ownership of such properties, including prohibitions on leasing or requirements to obtain the approval of HOAs prior to leasing. We may not discover such restrictions during the acquisition process and such restrictions may adversely affect our ability to operate such properties as we intend.

 

In addition, purchases of single-family homes acquired at auction, in short sales, from lenders or in bulk purchases typically involve few or no representations or warranties with respect to the properties and may allow us limited or no recourse against the sellers of such properties. Such properties also often have unpaid tax, utility and HOA liabilities for which we may be obligated but fail to anticipate.

 

Environmentally hazardous conditions may adversely affect our operating results.

 

Under various federal, state and local environmental laws, a current or previous owner or operator of real property may be liable for the cost of removing or remediating hazardous or toxic substances on such property. Such laws often impose liability whether or not the owner or operator knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of such hazardous or toxic substances. Even if more than one person may have been responsible for the contamination, each person covered by applicable environmental laws may be held responsible for all of the clean-up costs incurred. In addition, third parties may sue the owner or operator of a site for damages based on personal injury, natural resources or property damage or other costs, including investigation and clean-up costs, resulting from the environmental contamination. The presence of hazardous or toxic substances on one of our properties, or the failure to properly remediate a contaminated property, could give rise to a lien in favor of the government for costs it may incur to address the contamination or otherwise adversely affect our ability to sell or lease the property or borrow using the property as collateral. Environmental laws also may impose restrictions on the manner in which property may be used or businesses may be operated. A property owner who violates environmental laws may be subject to sanctions which may be enforced by governmental agencies or, in certain

 

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circumstances, private parties. In connection with the acquisition and ownership of our properties, we may be exposed to such costs. The cost of defending against environmental claims, of compliance with environmental regulatory requirements or of remediating any contaminated property could materially and adversely affect us.

 

Compliance with new or more stringent environmental laws or regulations or stricter interpretation of existing laws may require material expenditures by us. We may be subject to environmental laws or regulations relating to our properties, such as those concerning lead-based paint, mold, asbestos, proximity to power lines or other issues. We cannot assure you that future laws, ordinances or regulations will not impose any material environmental liability or that the current environmental condition of our properties will not be affected by the activities of tenants, existing conditions of the land, operations in the vicinity of the properties or the activities of unrelated third parties. In addition, there are various local, state and federal fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations that we may be required to comply with. Failure to comply with applicable laws and regulations could result in fines and/or damages, suspension of personnel, civil liability and/or other sanctions.

 

We may obtain only limited warranties when we purchase a property and would have only limited recourse in the event our due diligence did not identify any issues that lower the value of our property.

 

The seller of a property often sells such property in its “as is” condition on a “where is” basis and “with all faults” without any warranties of merchantability or fitness for a particular use or purpose. In addition, purchase and sale agreements may contain only limited warranties, representations and indemnifications that will only survive for a limited period after the closing. The purchase of properties with limited warranties increases the risk that we may lose some or all of our invested capital in the property, as well as the loss of rental revenue from that property.

 

We may have difficulty selling real estate investments, and our ability to distribute all or a portion of the net proceeds from such sales to our stockholders may be limited.

 

Real estate investments are relatively illiquid, and, as a result, we may have a limited ability to sell our properties should the need arise. When we sell our properties, we may not realize gains on such sales. We may elect not to distribute any proceeds from the sales of properties to our stockholders; for example, we may use such proceeds to:

 

   

purchase additional properties;

 

   

repay debt, if any;

 

   

buy out interests of any co-venturers or other partners in any joint venture in which we are a party;

 

   

create working capital reserves;

 

   

complete repairs, maintenance or other capital improvements or expenditures to our remaining properties; or

 

   

for general corporate purposes.

 

Our ability to sell our properties may also be limited by our need to avoid the 100% prohibited transactions tax that is imposed on gain recognized by a REIT from the sale of property characterized as dealer property. In order to ensure that we avoid such characterization, we may be required to hold our properties for a minimum period of time and comply with certain other requirements in the Code or dispose of our properties through our TRS, which will be subject to federal and state income taxation as a corporation.

 

Our real properties are subject to property taxes that may increase in the future, which could adversely affect us.

 

Our real properties are subject to real and personal property taxes that may increase as tax rates change and as the real properties are assessed or reassessed by taxing authorities. Our leases with preferred operators provide

 

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that property taxes are the responsibility of the preferred operators, while our leases for our self-managed properties provide that we are responsible for such taxes. In any case, as the owner of the properties, we are ultimately responsible for payment of the taxes to the applicable government authorities. If real property taxes increase, our expenses will increase. Moreover, if our preferred operators do not pay real estate taxes pursuant to the terms of their leases with us, we will be responsible for such taxes. If we fail to pay any such taxes, the applicable taxing authority may place a lien on the real property and the real property may be subject to a tax sale. In addition, at our self-managed properties, we are responsible for real property taxes.

 

Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest

 

Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, exercised significant influence with respect to the terms of the contribution of the ARM assets to us in our formation transactions that took place in May 2012, including the economic benefits they received, and as a result, the consideration paid by us for the ARM assets may have exceeded the fair market value of the ARM assets.

 

We did not conduct arm’s-length negotiations with respect to the terms of the contribution by Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, of the ARM assets to us in our formation transactions that took place in May 2012. In the course of structuring the contribution, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes had the ability to influence the terms and conditions of the transaction and the benefits that they have received.

 

Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes also obtained certain other benefits in connection with our formation, such as employment agreements and LTIP unit grants and other compensation. The terms of the formation transactions may not reflect your best interest and may be overly favorable to Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes.

 

Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes have duties to Phoenix Fund which may create conflicts of interest, and these conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, which could adversely affect us.

 

Each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes owns a 50% interest in the general partner of Phoenix Fund. They also jointly own ARM, the former property manager of Phoenix Fund, which holds the 175,000 OP units that our operating partnership issued in connection with our acquisition of the ARM assets upon completion of our initial private offering and formation transactions in May 2012. They may have conflicting duties because they have a duty to both us and to the limited partners of Phoenix Fund (which will retain ownership of its properties and continue as a private fund until liquidated). Upon completion of our formation transactions in May 2012, Phoenix Fund agreed not to commit to purchase any additional single-family homes and, as a result, Phoenix Fund is not expected to compete with us for investments in single-family homes in our markets. However, some of Phoenix Fund’s properties may compete with our properties, including with respect to tenants. Our TRS is party to a management agreement with Phoenix Fund, pursuant to which it provides services, including, among other things, leasing management services, to Phoenix Fund for a fee in an amount equal to 6.0% of Phoenix Fund’s gross rental revenue.

 

It is possible that the duties owed by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes to the limited partners of Phoenix Fund may conflict with the duties they owe to us. In addition, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes are required to spend a portion of their working time attending to the obligations of the general partner of Phoenix Fund, which may detract from the amount of time and attention they are able to devote to us. Finally, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes are entitled to receive certain compensation from Phoenix Fund in the event of a sale of the assets of Phoenix Fund, which could create incentives for them that are in conflict with our interests, particularly if we have an interest in buying those assets.

 

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Our fiduciary duties to the limited partners of our operating partnership could create conflicts of interest, which may impede business decisions that could benefit our stockholders.

 

We, through our wholly owned subsidiary that serves as the sole general partner of our operating partnership, have a fiduciary duty to the other limited partners in our operating partnership, the discharge of which may conflict with the interests of our stockholders. The limited partners of our operating partnership (other than us) are Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, as well as other members of our management and our Board of Directors who have received LTIP units. The limited partners of our operating partnership have agreed that, in the event of a conflict between the duties owed by us to our stockholders and to such limited partners, we are under no obligation to give priority to the interests of such limited partners.

 

In addition, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, as well as any other limited partners (other than us), have and will have the right to vote on certain amendments to the partnership agreement and to approve certain amendments that would adversely affect their rights. These voting rights may be exercised in a manner that conflicts with your interests.

 

We may also experience conflicts of interest with several members of our senior management team who are or may become limited partners in our operating partnership through the receipt of LTIP units granted under our equity incentive plan. See “Management—2012 Equity Incentive Plan.”

 

Risks Related to Our Organization and Structure

 

Provisions of our charter may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us by authorizing our Board of Directors to issue additional securities.

 

Our Board of Directors may, without stockholder approval, amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of our shares or the number of shares of any class or series that we have the authority to issue and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of our common or preferred stock, and set the preferences, rights and other terms of the classified or reclassified shares. As a result, our Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of additional shares or establish a series of common or preferred stock that may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change in control of our company, including transactions at a premium over the market price of our shares, even if stockholders believe that a change in control is in their interest. These provisions, along with the restrictions on ownership and transfer contained in our charter and certain provisions of Maryland law described below, could discourage unsolicited acquisition proposals or make it more difficult for a third party to gain control of us, which could adversely affect the market price of our securities. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws.”

 

Provisions of Maryland law may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us by requiring our Board of Directors or stockholders to approve proposals to acquire our company or effect a change in control.

 

Certain provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law, or the MGCL, applicable to Maryland corporations may have the effect of inhibiting a third party from making a proposal to acquire us or of impeding a change in control under circumstances that otherwise could provide our stockholders with the opportunity to realize a premium over the then-prevailing market price of their shares, including:

 

   

“business combination” provisions that, subject to limitations, prohibit certain business combinations between us and an “interested stockholder” (defined generally as any person (other than us or any subsidiary) who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock after the date on which we first had 100 or more beneficial owners of our stock, or an affiliate or associate of us who, at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of our then outstanding stock after the date on which we first had 100 or more beneficial owners of our stock) or an affiliate of any interested

 

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stockholder for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder, and, thereafter, any such business combination between us and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by our Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (1) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our outstanding voting stock and (2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of our outstanding voting stock other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other conditions, our stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares; and

 

   

“control shares” provisions provide that holders of our “control shares” (defined as shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of three ranges) acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by our stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, excluding votes cast by (1) the person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition, (2) an officer or (3) an employee of us who is also a director of the corporation.

 

By resolution of our Board of Directors, we have opted out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL and provided that any business combination between us and any other person is exempt from the business combination provisions of the MGCL, provided that the business combination is first approved by our Board of Directors (including a majority of directors who are not affiliates or associates of such persons). In addition, pursuant to a provision in our bylaws, we have opted out of the control share provisions of the MGCL. However, our Board of Directors may by resolution elect to opt in to the business combination provisions of the MGCL, and we may, by amendment to our bylaws, opt in to the control share provisions of the MGCL at any time in the future, whether before or after an acquisition of control shares. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Business Combinations” and “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Control Share Acquisitions.”

 

Certain provisions of the MGCL permit our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval and regardless of what is currently provided in our charter or bylaws, to implement certain corporate governance provisions, some of which (for example, a classified board) are not currently applicable to us. These provisions may have the effect of limiting or precluding a third party from making an unsolicited acquisition proposal for us or of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us under circumstances that otherwise could be in the best interests of our stockholders. Our charter contains a provision whereby we elect, at such time as we become eligible to do so, to be subject to the provisions of Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL relating to the filling of vacancies on our Board of Directors. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Maryland Unsolicited Takeovers Act.”

 

Our rights and the rights of our stockholders to take action against our directors and officers are limited, which could limit your recourse in the event of actions not in your best interests.

 

Under Maryland law, generally, a director will not be liable if he or she performs his or her duties in good faith, in a manner he or she reasonably believes to be in our best interests and with the care that an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances. In addition, our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from:

 

   

actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services; or

 

   

active and deliberate dishonesty that is established by a final judgment and is material to the cause of action.

 

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Our charter and bylaws provide for indemnification of our directors and officers for actions taken by them in those capacities to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law. Our bylaws require us to indemnify each director and officer, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service to us. In addition, we may be obligated to advance the defense costs incurred by our directors and officers. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors and officers than might otherwise exist absent the current provisions in our charter and bylaws or that might exist with other companies. See “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Limitation of Directors’ and Officers’ Liability and Indemnification.”

 

Our charter contains provisions that make removal of our directors difficult, and the employment agreements we have with some of our executives contain severance provisions that make termination of their employment under certain circumstances expensive for us, which could make it difficult for our stockholders to effect changes to our Board of Directors and our management.

 

Our charter provides that a director may be removed only for cause (as defined in our charter) and then only by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. Our charter also provides that vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if less than a quorum. These requirements prevent stockholders from removing directors except for cause and with a substantial affirmative vote and from replacing directors with their own nominees and may prevent a change in control of our company that is in the best interests of our stockholders.

 

We have entered into employment agreements with each of our executive officers containing severance provisions that could make it difficult and costly for us to terminate their employment.

 

The ability of our Board of Directors to change our major policies without the consent of stockholders may not be in your interest.

 

Our Board of Directors determines our major policies, including policies and guidelines relating to our acquisitions, leverage, financing, growth, operations and distributions to stockholders. Our Board of Directors may amend or revise these and other policies and guidelines from time to time without the vote or consent of our stockholders. Accordingly, our stockholders will have limited control over changes in our policies and those changes could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

We may structure acquisitions of property in exchange for limited partnership units in our operating partnership on terms that could limit our liquidity or our flexibility.

 

We may acquire properties by issuing limited partnership units in our operating partnership in exchange for a property owner contributing property to the partnership. If we enter into such transactions, in order to induce the contributors of such properties to accept units in our operating partnership, rather than cash, in exchange for their properties, it may be necessary for us to provide them additional incentives. For instance, our operating partnership’s limited partnership agreement provides that any holder of units may exchange limited partnership units for cash equal to the value of an equivalent number of shares of our common stock or, at our option, for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. We may, however, enter into additional contractual arrangements with contributors of property under which we would agree to repurchase a contributor’s units for shares of our common stock or cash, at the option of the contributor, at set times. If the contributor required us to repurchase units for cash pursuant to such a provision, it would limit our liquidity and thus our ability to use cash to make other investments, satisfy other obligations or make distributions to stockholders. Moreover, if we were required to repurchase units for cash at a time when we did not have sufficient cash to fund the repurchase, we might be required to sell one or more properties to raise funds to satisfy this obligation. Furthermore, we might

 

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agree that if distributions the contributor received as a limited partner in our operating partnership did not provide the contributor with a defined return, then upon redemption of the contributor’s units we would pay the contributor an additional amount necessary to achieve that return. Such a provision could further negatively impact our liquidity and flexibility. Finally, in order to allow a contributor of a property to defer taxable gain on the contribution of property to our operating partnership, we might agree not to sell a contributed property for a defined period of time or until the contributor exchanged the contributor’s units for cash or shares. Such an agreement would prevent us from selling those properties, even if market conditions made such a sale favorable to us.

 

Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock

 

There is currently no public market for our common stock, an active trading market for our common stock may never develop and our common stock price may be volatile and could decline substantially following this offering.

 

Shares of our common stock are newly issued securities for which there is no established trading market. We intend to apply to list our common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “            .” However, there can be no assurance that such listing will be approved or, if approved:

 

   

that an active trading market for our common stock will develop or be sustained;

 

   

that a liquid market for our common stock will develop or be sustained;

 

   

that our stockholders will be able to sell their common stock; or

 

   

the price that our stockholders may obtain for their common stock.

 

If an active market does not develop or is not maintained, the market price of our common stock may decline and you may not be able to sell your shares. Even if an active trading market develops for our common stock subsequent to the IPO, the market price of our common stock may be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. Our financial performance, government regulatory action, tax laws, interest rates and market conditions in general could have a significant impact on the future market price of our common stock.

 

Some of the factors that could negatively affect or result in fluctuations in the market price of our common stock include:

 

   

actual or anticipated variations in our quarterly operating results;

 

   

our failure to meet, or the lowering of, our earnings estimates or those of any securities analysts;

 

   

our financial condition, cash flows and liquidity or changes in our business strategy or prospects;

 

   

increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of our shares to demand a higher yield;

 

   

changes in market valuations of similar companies or the stock market generally;

 

   

adverse market reaction to any increased indebtedness we may incur in the future;

 

   

future equity issuances by us, or share resales by our stockholders, or the perception that such issuances or resales may occur;

 

   

additions or departures of company personnel who are key to us;

 

   

actions by our stockholders;

 

   

speculation in the press or investment community;

 

   

general market, economic and political conditions, including an economic slowdown or dislocation in the global credit markets;

 

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our operating performance and the performance of other similar companies;

 

   

failure to qualify or maintain our qualification as a REIT;

 

   

changes in accounting principles; and

 

   

passage of legislation or other regulatory developments that adversely affect us or our industry.

 

The NYSE or another nationally recognized exchange may not continue to list our securities, which could limit investors’ ability to make transactions in our securities and subject us to additional trading restrictions.

 

We intend to apply to list our common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “            ,” subject to official notice of issuance. In order to remain listed, we will be required to meet the continued listing requirements of the NYSE or, in the alternative, any other nationally recognized exchange to which we may apply. We may be unable to satisfy these listing requirements, and there is no guarantee that our common stock will remain listed on a nationally recognized exchange. If our common stock is delisted from the NYSE or any other nationally recognized exchange, we could face significant material adverse consequences, including:

 

   

a limited availability of market quotations for our common stock;

 

   

reduced liquidity with respect to the market for our common stock;

 

   

a determination that our common stock is “penny stock,” which will require brokers trading in our common stock to adhere to more stringent rules, possibly resulting in a reduced level of trading activity in the secondary trading market for our common stock;

 

   

a limited amount of news and analyst coverage; and

 

   

a decreased ability to issue additional shares of our common stock or obtain additional financing in the future.

 

The price to public per share of our common stock offered in the IPO may not accurately reflect the value of your investment.

 

Immediately prior to the IPO, there was no public market for our common stock. The initial price to public in the IPO was determined by negotiations between us and the representatives of the underwriters of the IPO. Among the factors considered in determining the initial price to public in the IPO were our future prospects and those of our industry in general, our revenues, results of operations and certain other financial and operating information in recent periods, and the valuation measures, market prices of securities and certain financial and operating information of companies engaged in activities similar to ours.

 

The availability and timing of cash distributions is uncertain.

 

We are generally required to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, each year in order for us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, which requirement we currently intend to satisfy through quarterly cash distributions of all or substantially all of our REIT taxable income in such year, subject to certain adjustments. We have not established a minimum distribution payment level, and our ability to make distributions may be adversely affected by a number of factors, including the risk factors described in this prospectus.

 

Our Board of Directors will determine the amount and timing of any distributions. In making such determinations, our directors will consider all relevant factors, including the amount of cash available for distribution, capital expenditures, general operational requirements and applicable law. We intend over time to make regular quarterly distributions to holders of our common stock. However, we bear all expenses incurred by our operations, and the funds generated by our operations, after deducting these expenses, may not be sufficient to cover desired levels of distributions to our stockholders. In addition, our Board of Directors, in its discretion,

 

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may retain any portion of such cash in excess of our REIT taxable income for working capital. We cannot assure you how long it may take to generate sufficient available cash flow to fund distributions, nor can we assure you that sufficient cash will be available to make distributions to you. With a limited operating history, we cannot predict the amount of distributions you may receive, and we may be unable to make, maintain or increase distributions over time.

 

There are many factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders. Because we may receive rents and income from our properties at various times during our fiscal year, distributions paid may not reflect our income earned in that particular distribution period. The amount of cash available for distribution will be affected by many factors, including without limitation, the amount of time it takes for us to deploy the net proceeds from the IPO into our target assets, the amount of income we will earn from those investments, the amount of our operating expenses and many other variables. Actual cash available for distribution may vary substantially from our expectations.

 

While we intend to fund the payment of quarterly distributions to our stockholders entirely from distributable cash flows, we may fund our quarterly distributions to our stockholders from a combination of available net cash flows, equity capital and proceeds from borrowings. In the event we are unable to consistently fund future quarterly distributions to our stockholders entirely from distributable cash flows, the value of our shares may be negatively impacted.

 

We may use a portion of the net proceeds from the IPO to make distributions, which would, among other things, reduce our cash available for investing.

 

Prior to the time we have fully invested the net proceeds from the IPO or are generating positive cash flow from operations, we may fund any quarterly distributions out of the net proceeds from the IPO, which would reduce the amount of cash we have available for investing and other purposes. The use of the net proceeds of the IPO for distributions could be dilutive to our financial results. In addition, funding our distributions from the net proceeds of the IPO may constitute a return of capital to our investors, which would have the effect of reducing each stockholder’s basis in its shares of our common stock.

 

Future sales of our common stock or other securities convertible into our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decline and could result in dilution of your shares.

 

Our Board of Directors is authorized, without your approval, to cause us to issue additional shares of our common stock or to raise capital through the issuance of preferred stock (including equity or debt securities convertible into common stock), options, warrants and other rights, on terms and for consideration as our Board of Directors in its sole discretion may determine. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock could cause the market price of our common stock to decrease significantly. To the extent the proceeds of any future equity offering are invested in residential assets that have less favorable yield characteristics than our then-existing portfolio, our stockholders will suffer dilution in their yield and distributable cash per share. We cannot predict the effect, if any, of future sales of our common stock, or the availability of our common stock for future sales, on the market price of our common stock. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

 

Subject to certain exceptions, each of our officers, directors and Phoenix Fund has entered into a lock-up agreement with respect to shares of our common stock and securities exchangeable or exercisable for shares of our common stock, restricting the direct or indirect sale of such securities for 180 days after the date of the prospectus for the IPO without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of the IPO. Additionally, all of our other stockholders have agreed with us not to directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell, grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of our common stock for 180 days, in the case of the holder who is the selling stockholder in the IPO, or 60 days, in the case of holders who are not selling stock in the IPO, in each case after the date of the prospectus for the IPO. We have agreed not to waive or otherwise modify this agreement without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of the IPO. The

 

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representatives of the underwriters of the IPO may, at any time, release, or authorize us to release, as the case may be, all or a portion of our common stock subject to the foregoing lock-up provisions. If the restrictions under the lock-up agreements are waived, shares of our common stock may become available for sale into the market, subject to applicable law, which could reduce the market price for our common stock.

 

Members of our senior management team, our Board of Directors, continuing investors and Phoenix Fund collectively own a significant amount of our common stock, or OP units or LTIP units exchangeable for shares of our common stock, and future sales by these holders of shares of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur in the future, could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

 

Mr. Schmitz, Ms. Hawkes and other members of our senior management team, our Board of Directors, continuing investors and Phoenix Fund will beneficially own, upon completion of the IPO, an aggregate of approximately     % of our outstanding shares of common stock (assuming the exchange of all outstanding OP units and LTIP units beneficially owned by them into shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis). Future sales by these holders of shares of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur in the future, could have a material adverse effect on the market price of our common stock.

 

Holders of 18,423,857 shares of our common stock have registration rights that obligate us to register the offer and sale of their shares under the Securities Act. Once we register the offer and sale of shares for the holders of registration rights, the shares can be freely sold in the public market, subject to any applicable lock-up agreements or unless they are held by “affiliates,” as that term is defined in Rule 144 of the Securities Act.

 

Future offerings of debt securities, which would rank senior to our common stock upon our bankruptcy or liquidation, and future offerings of equity securities that may be senior to our common stock for the purposes of dividend and liquidating distributions, may adversely affect the market price of our common stock.

 

In the future, we may attempt to increase our capital resources by making offerings of debt securities or additional offerings of equity securities. Upon bankruptcy or liquidation, holders of our debt securities and shares of preferred stock and lenders with respect to other borrowings will receive a distribution of our available assets prior to the holders of our common stock. Our preferred stock, if issued, could have a preference on liquidating distributions or a preference on dividend payments or both that could limit our ability to pay a dividend or other distribution to the holders of our common stock. Our decision to issue securities in any future offering will depend on market conditions and other factors beyond our control. As a result, we cannot predict or estimate the amount, timing or nature of our future offerings, and purchasers of our common stock in this offering bear the risk of our future offerings reducing the market price of our common stock and diluting their ownership interest in our company.

 

An increase in market interest rates may have an adverse effect on the market price of our common stock and our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

 

One of the factors that investors may consider in deciding whether to buy or sell shares of our common stock is our distribution rate as a percentage of our share price, relative to market interest rates. If market interest rates increase, prospective investors may demand a higher distribution rate on shares of our common stock or seek alternative investments paying higher distributions or interest. As a result, interest rate fluctuations and capital market conditions can affect the market price of shares of our common stock. For instance, if interest rates rise without an increase in our distribution rate, the market price of shares of our common stock could decrease because potential investors may require a higher distribution yield on shares of our common stock as market rates on our interest-bearing instruments such as bonds rise. In addition, to the extent we have variable rate debt, rising interest rates would result in increased interest expense on our variable rate debt, thereby adversely affecting our cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and make distributions to our stockholders.

 

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Risks Related to Qualification and Operation as a REIT

 

Failure to qualify as a REIT, or failure to remain qualified as a REIT, would cause us to be taxed as a regular corporation, which would substantially reduce funds available for distribution to our stockholders.

 

We believe that our organization and proposed method of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. However, we cannot assure you that we will qualify and remain qualified as a REIT. In connection with the IPO, we will receive an opinion from Hunton & Williams LLP that we qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012, and our current and proposed method of operations will enable us to continue to satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for our taxable year ending December 31, 2013 and subsequent taxable years. Investors should be aware that Hunton & Williams LLP’s opinion will be based upon customary assumptions, will be conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our assets and the conduct of our business, is not binding upon the Internal Revenue Service, or the IRS, or any court and speaks as of the date issued. In addition, Hunton & Williams LLP’s opinion will be based on existing federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, certain qualification tests set forth in the federal tax laws. Hunton & Williams LLP will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements.

 

If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will face serious tax consequences that will substantially reduce the funds available for distribution to our stockholders because:

 

   

we would not be allowed a deduction for dividends paid to stockholders in computing our taxable income and would be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates;

 

   

we could be subject to the federal alternative minimum tax and possibly increased state and local taxes; and

 

   

unless we are entitled to relief under certain federal income tax laws, we could not re-elect REIT status until the fifth calendar year after the year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT.

 

In addition, if we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will no longer be required to make distributions. As a result of all these factors, our failure to qualify as a REIT could impair our ability to expand our business and raise capital, and it would adversely affect the market price of our common stock. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may face other tax liabilities that reduce our cash flows.

 

Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income and assets, including taxes on any undistributed income, tax on income from some activities conducted as a result of a foreclosure and state or local income, property and transfer taxes. In addition, we could, in certain circumstances, be required to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be significant in amount) in order to utilize one or more relief provisions under the Code to maintain our qualification as a REIT. In addition, in order to meet the REIT qualification requirements, or to avert the imposition of a 100% tax that applies to certain gains derived by a REIT from dealer property or inventory, we may hold and/or dispose of some of our assets through our TRS or other subsidiary corporations that will be subject to regular corporate federal, state and local taxes.

 

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Failure to make required distributions would subject us to federal corporate income tax.

 

We intend to continue to operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. In order to qualify as a REIT, we generally are required to distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, each year to our stockholders. To the extent that we satisfy this distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100% of our REIT taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed taxable income. In addition, we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax if the actual amount that we pay out to our stockholders in a calendar year is less than a minimum amount specified under the Code.

 

The prohibited transactions tax may limit our ability to dispose of our properties.

 

A REIT’s net income from prohibited transactions is subject to a 100% tax. In general, prohibited transactions are sales or other dispositions of property other than foreclosure property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. We may be subject to the prohibited transactions tax in an amount equal to 100% of net gain upon a disposition of real property. Although a safe harbor to the characterization of the sale of real property by a REIT as a prohibited transaction is available, we cannot assure you that we can comply with the safe harbor or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business. Consequently, we may choose not to engage in certain sales of our properties or may conduct such sales through our TRS, which would be subject to federal and state income taxation as a corporation. For example, if we decide to acquire properties opportunistically to restore in anticipation of immediate resale, we will need to conduct that activity through our TRS to avoid the 100% prohibited transactions tax. No assurance can be given, however, that the IRS will respect the transaction by which any such properties are contributed to our TRS, and, even if the contribution transaction is respected, our TRS may incur a significant tax liability as a result of any such sales.

 

We may pay taxable dividends of our common stock and cash, in which case stockholders may sell shares of our common stock to pay tax on such dividends, placing downward pressure on the market price of our common stock.

 

We may distribute taxable dividends that are payable in cash and common stock at the election of each stockholder. The IRS has issued private letter rulings to other REITs treating certain distributions that are paid partly in cash and partly in stock as taxable dividends that would satisfy the REIT annual distribution requirement and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for federal income tax purposes. Those rulings may be relied upon only by taxpayers to whom they were issued, but we could request a similar ruling from the IRS. In addition, the IRS previously issued a revenue procedure authorizing publicly traded REITs to make elective cash/stock dividends, but that revenue procedure does not apply to our 2012 and future taxable years. Accordingly, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to make taxable dividends payable in cash and common stock.

 

If we made a taxable dividend payable in cash and common stock, taxable stockholders receiving such dividends will be required to include the full amount of the dividend as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, as determined for federal income tax purposes. As a result, stockholders may be required to pay income tax with respect to such dividends in excess of the cash dividends received. If a U.S. stockholder sells the common stock that it receives as a dividend in order to pay this tax, the sales proceeds may be less than the amount included in income with respect to the dividend, depending on the market price of our common stock at the time of the sale. Furthermore, with respect to certain non-U.S. stockholders, we may be required to withhold federal income tax with respect to such dividends, including in respect of all or a portion of such dividend that is payable in common stock. If we made a taxable dividend payable in cash and our common stock and a significant number of our stockholders determine to sell shares of our common stock in order to pay taxes owed on dividends, it may be viewed as economically equivalent to a dividend reduction and put downward pressure on the market price of our common stock. We do not currently intend to pay taxable dividends in the form of our common stock and cash, although we may choose to do so in the future.

 

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Our ownership of our TRS is subject to limitations, and our transactions with our TRS will cause us to be subject to a 100% penalty tax on certain income or deductions if those transactions are not conducted on arm’s-length terms.

 

Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. In addition, the Code limits the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT to assure that the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. The Code also imposes a 100% excise tax on REITs for certain transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. Furthermore, we monitor the value of our respective investments in our TRS for the purpose of ensuring compliance with taxable REIT subsidiary ownership limitations and structure our transactions with our TRS on terms that we believe are arm’s length to avoid incurring the 100% excise tax described above. There can be no assurance, however, that we will be able to comply with the 25% REIT subsidiaries limitation or to avoid application of the 100% excise tax.

 

You may be restricted from acquiring or transferring certain amounts of our common stock.

 

The stock ownership restrictions of the Code for REITs and the 9.8% stock ownership limit in our charter may inhibit market activity in our capital stock and restrict our business combination opportunities.

 

In order to qualify as a REIT for each taxable year after 2012, five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code, may not own, beneficially or constructively, more than 50% in value of our issued and outstanding stock at any time during the last half of a taxable year. Attribution rules in the Code determine if any individual or entity beneficially or constructively owns our capital stock under this requirement. Additionally, at least 100 persons must beneficially own our capital stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year for each taxable year after 2012. To help insure that we meet these tests, our charter restricts the acquisition and ownership of shares of our capital stock.

 

Our charter, with certain exceptions, authorizes our directors to take such actions as are necessary and desirable to preserve our qualification as a REIT. Unless exempted by our Board of Directors, our charter prohibits any person from beneficially or constructively owning more than 9.8% in value or number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock. Our Board of Directors may not grant an exemption from these restrictions to any proposed transferee whose ownership in excess of 9.8% of the value of our outstanding shares would result in our failing to qualify as a REIT. These restrictions on ownership and transfer will not apply, however, if our Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in our best interest to continue to qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions is no longer necessary in order for us to qualify as a REIT.

 

Complying with REIT requirements may cause us to forgo otherwise attractive opportunities.

 

To qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we must continually satisfy tests concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, the nature and diversification of our assets, the amounts that we distribute to our stockholders and the ownership of our stock. We may be required to make distributions to stockholders at disadvantageous times or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution and may be unable to pursue investments that would be otherwise advantageous to us in order to satisfy the source-of-income or asset-diversification requirements for qualifying as a REIT. Thus, compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to make certain attractive investments.

 

Dividends payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates available for some dividends.

 

The maximum tax rate applicable to “qualified dividend income” payable to U.S. stockholders that are taxed at individual rates is 20%. Dividends payable by REITs, however, generally are not eligible for the reduced rates on qualified dividend income. The more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate qualified dividends could

 

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cause investors who are taxed at individual rates to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that pay dividends, which could adversely affect the value of the shares of REITs, including our common stock.

 

We may be subject to adverse legislative or regulatory tax changes that could reduce the market price of our common stock.

 

At any time, the federal income tax laws governing REITs or the administrative interpretations of those laws may be amended. We cannot predict when or if any new federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, or any amendment to any existing federal income tax law, regulation or administrative interpretation, will be adopted, promulgated or become effective, and any such law, regulation, or interpretation may take effect retroactively. We and our stockholders could be adversely affected by any such change in the federal income tax laws, regulations or administrative interpretations.

 

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CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Some of the statements included in this prospectus constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of the federal securities laws. Forward-looking statements relate to expectations, beliefs, projections, forecasts, future plans and strategies, anticipated events or trends and similar expressions concerning matters that are not historical facts. These statements are only predictions. We caution that forward-looking statements are not guarantees. Actual events or our investments and results of operations could differ materially from those expressed or implied in the forward- looking statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “expect,” “could,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology. You can also identify forward-looking statements by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.

 

The forward-looking statements included in this prospectus reflect our current views about future events and are subject to numerous known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and changes in circumstances that may cause our actual results to differ significantly from those expressed in any forward-looking statement. Statements regarding the following subjects, among others, may be forward-looking:

 

   

our ability to effectively deploy the net proceeds from the IPO;

 

   

our business and investment strategy;

 

   

our projected operating results;

 

   

economic, demographic or real estate developments in our markets;

 

   

home value appreciation, employment growth, residential building permits, median household income and household formation in our markets;

 

   

defaults on, early terminations of or non-renewal of leases by our tenants;

 

   

our ability to identify properties to acquire and completing acquisitions;

 

   

increased time and/or expense to gain possession and restore properties;

 

   

our ability to successfully operate acquired properties;

 

   

projected operating costs;

 

   

rental rates or vacancy rates;

 

   

our ability to obtain financing arrangements;

 

   

general volatility of the markets in which we participate;

 

   

our expected investments;

 

   

interest rates and the market value of our target assets;

 

   

impact of changes in governmental regulations, tax law and rates and similar matters;

 

   

our ability to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT;

 

   

availability of qualified personnel;

 

   

estimates relating to our ability to make distributions to our stockholders in the future;

 

   

our understanding of our competition; and

 

   

market trends in our industry, real estate values, the debt securities markets or the general economy.

 

The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of future events, taking into account all information currently available to us. Forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future events or of our performance. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many

 

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possible events or factors, not all of which are known to us. Some of these events and factors are described in this prospectus under the headings “Risk Factors,” “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and “Our Business and Investments.” If a change occurs, our business, financial condition, liquidity, cash flows and results of operations may vary materially from those expressed in or implied by our forward-looking statements. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. New risks and uncertainties arise over time, and it is not possible for us to predict the occurrence of those matters or the manner in which they may affect us. Except as required by law, we are not obligated to, and do not intend to, update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise.

 

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USE OF PROCEEDS

 

We are registering these shares of common stock for resale by the selling stockholders. We will not receive any proceeds from the sale of the shares offered by this prospectus. The net proceeds from the sale of the shares offered by this prospectus will be received by the selling stockholders.

 

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DISTRIBUTION POLICY

 

We intend to make quarterly cash distributions to our stockholders, consistent with our intention to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. To qualify as a REIT, we must distribute annually to our stockholders an amount at least equal to 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding any net capital gain. We will be subject to income tax on our taxable income that is not distributed and to an excise tax to the extent that certain percentages of our taxable income are not distributed by specified dates. See “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations—Distribution Requirements.” Income as computed for purposes of the foregoing tax rules will not necessarily correspond to our income as determined for financial reporting purposes.

 

The amount, timing and frequency of any distributions will be determined by our Board of Directors in its sole discretion. Our Board of Directors will consider such factors as it deems relevant when authorizing any distributions, which may include:

 

   

our actual and projected results of operations;

 

   

our liquidity, cash flows and financial condition;

 

   

the revenue from our properties and other investments;

 

   

our operating expenses;

 

   

economic conditions;

 

   

the timing of the investment of the net proceeds from the IPO;

 

   

applicable law;

 

   

any debt service requirements;

 

   

our capital expenditures;

 

   

prohibitions and other limitations under our financing arrangements;

 

   

our REIT taxable income;

 

   

the annual distribution requirements under the REIT provisions of the Code; and

 

   

other factors that our Board of Directors may deem relevant.

 

Any distributions we make in the future will depend significantly upon our actual results of operations, which may differ materially from our current expectations. For more information regarding risks that could materially and adversely affect our actual results of operations, see “Risk Factors.” We cannot assure you that distributions will be made or sustained or that our Board of Directors will not change our distribution policy in the future.

 

To the extent that our cash available for distribution is less than the amount required to be distributed under the REIT provisions of the Code, we may consider various funding sources to cover any shortfall, including selling certain of our assets, borrowing funds or using a portion of the net proceeds we receive in the IPO or future offerings (and thus all or a portion of such distributions may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes). We also may elect to pay all or a portion of any distribution in the form of a taxable distribution of our stock or debt securities.

 

We anticipate that any distributions generally will be taxable as ordinary income to our stockholders, although a portion of any distributions may be designated by us as qualified dividend income or capital gain, or may constitute a return of capital. We will furnish annually to each of our stockholders a statement setting forth distributions paid during the preceding year and their characterization as ordinary income, return of capital, qualified dividend income or capital gain. For a more complete discussion of the tax treatment of distributions to holders of shares of our common stock, see “Material Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

 

Our charter allows us to issue preferred stock that could have a preference on distributions. We currently have no intention to issue any preferred stock, but, if we do, the distribution preference on the preferred stock could limit our ability to make distributions to the holders of our common stock.

 

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DILUTION

 

Our net tangible book value as of December 31, 2012 was approximately $         million, or $         per share of our common stock (assuming the exchange of outstanding OP units and LTIP units for common stock on a one-for-one basis). Net tangible book value per share represents the amount of our consolidated total tangible assets minus our consolidated total liabilities, divided by the shares of our common stock that were outstanding on the date of calculation. Our as adjusted net tangible book value on December 31, 2012 would have been approximately $         million, or $         per share, after giving effect to (1) the sale by us of 37,600 shares of our common stock in the direct private placement at a price of $20.50 per share and (2) the sale by us of              shares of our common stock in the IPO at an assumed initial price to public of $         per share, which is the mid-point of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO, less the underwriting discounts and commissions, structuring fee and other estimated offering expenses payable by us in connection with the IPO. This amount represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value of $         per share to our existing stockholders and an immediate dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value of $         per share to new investors who purchase our common stock in the IPO at an assumed initial price to public of $         per share. The following table shows this immediate per-share dilution:

 

Initial price to public per share

   $               

Net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2012, before giving effect to the direct private placement and the IPO (1)

   $    

Increase in net tangible book value per share attributable to the direct private placement and the IPO

   $    

As adjusted net tangible book value per share as of December 31, 2012, after giving effect to the direct private placement and the IPO

   $    

Dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value per share to new investors in the IPO (2)

   $    

 

(1)   Includes our common stock outstanding as of December 31, 2012, assuming the exchange of outstanding OP units and LTIP units for common stock on a one-for-one basis.
(2)   Dilution is determined by subtracting as adjusted net tangible book value per share after giving effect to the direct private placement and the IPO from the initial price to public paid by a new investor for our common stock in the IPO.

 

Assuming the underwriters in the IPO fully exercise their over-allotment option, our as adjusted net tangible book value as of December 31, 2012 would have been approximately $         million, or $         per share. This represents an immediate dilution in as adjusted net tangible book value of $         per share to new investors in the IPO (assuming the exchange of outstanding OP units and LTIP units for common stock on a one-for-one basis).

 

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Differences Between New Investors and Continuing Investors

 

The following table summarizes, as of December 31, 2012, the differences between the average price per share paid by our existing stockholders and by new investors purchasing shares of our common stock in the IPO at an assumed initial price to public of $         per share, which is the mid-point of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO, before deducting the underwriting discounts and commissions, structuring fee and other estimated offering expenses payable by us in the IPO, in each case assuming the exchange of all outstanding OP units and LTIP units for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis:

 

     Shares / OP Units / LTIP Units
Issued / Granted (1)
    Total
Consideration
    Average Price
Per  Share
 
     Number    Percentage     Amount      Percentage    

Continuing investors

               $                             $                

Selling stockholders in the IPO

            

New investors in the IPO

            
  

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

Total

        100   $           100   $     
  

 

  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

(1)   Assumes no exercise of the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters in the IPO.

 

If the underwriters in the IPO fully exercise their over-allotment option, the number of shares of our common stock held by existing holders will be reduced to     % of the aggregate number of shares of our common stock outstanding after the IPO, and the number of shares of our common stock held by new investors in the IPO will be increased to             , or     %, of the aggregate number of shares of our common stock outstanding after the IPO.

 

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SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA

 

The following tables present selected historical consolidated financial data and selected portfolio data for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 and as of December 31, 2012. The selected historical consolidated financial data presented below under the captions “Consolidated Statement of Operations Data” and “Consolidated Balance Sheet Data” have been derived from our audited consolidated financial statements. Since the information presented below is only a summary and does not provide all of the information contained in our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, you should read it in conjunction with “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and our historical consolidated financial statements, including the related notes, included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Data

 

     Period from
March 30, 2012
(inception) through
December 31, 2012
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Revenue:

  

Rental

   $ 2,195   

Other

     735   
  

 

 

 

Total revenue

     2,930   

Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     912   

Real estate taxes

     608   

Homeowners’ association fees

     330   

Acquisition

     760   

Depreciation and amortization

     1,804   

General, administrative and other

     4,837   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     9,251   
  

 

 

 

Loss from continuing operations before equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     (6,321

Equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     83   
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

   $ (6,238
  

 

 

 

 

Consolidated Balance Sheet Data

 

     As of
December 31, 2012
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Investment in real estate, net

   $ 216,696   

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 101,725   

All other assets

   $ 31,006   

Total assets

   $ 349,427   

Total liabilities

   $ 3,196   

Total equity

   $ 346,231   

 

Selected Portfolio Data

 

     As of
December 31, 2012
 

Total properties owned

     1,775   

Properties owned for at least six months

     70   

Leased properties owned for at least six months

     55   

Occupancy percentage of properties owned for at least six months

     79

 

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL

CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

The following discussion of our financial condition and results of operations should be read together with the “Selected Consolidated Financial Data,” “Our Business and Investments” and consolidated financial statements and related notes that are included elsewhere in this prospectus. Where appropriate, the following discussion includes the effects of completion of the IPO and this offering and the use of the net proceeds from the IPO. This discussion contains forward-looking statements based upon our current expectations that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including those set forth under “Risk Factors,” “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” or in other parts of this prospectus.

 

Overview

 

Our Company

 

We are an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns and manages single-family homes as rental properties. In 2008, our founders, Stephen G. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Laurie A. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, identified a unique opportunity to acquire homes at distressed pricing and lease them at attractive rental rates. They subsequently began developing a vertically integrated platform to acquire and manage single-family homes on an institutional scale. We were formed to expand upon our founders’ vision, strategy and platform, through which, as of March 31, 2013, they have acquired 3,139 homes since 2008.

 

As of March 31, 2013, we owned 2,531 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas with an aggregate investment of $293.1 million, and we managed an additional 608 properties for Phoenix Fund in Arizona and Nevada. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have contracted to acquire 785 single-family homes for a total purchase price of approximately $84.5 million, of which 43 homes are in Arizona, 4 homes are in California, 66 homes are in Florida, 25 homes are in Georgia, 35 homes are in Illinois, 114 homes are in Indiana, 214 homes are in North Carolina, 9 homes are in South Carolina and 275 homes are in Texas. We actively evaluate new markets to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

Our primary business strategy is to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as well-maintained investment properties to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns over the long-term. We believe our founders’ four years of direct experience in the single-family rental sector provides us with the expertise to successfully execute our business strategy nationally to institutional standards. We have the infrastructure to acquire large numbers of properties through multiple acquisition channels. We source individual properties through auctions and brokers, and portfolios of properties through brokerages or directly from operators, investors or banks, and, in the future, we may source assets from these channels and GSEs. We have the experience and resources necessary to restore homes to “rent-ready” condition in an efficient and cost-effective manner, to a standard that we believe appeals to our target tenants’ preferences, enabling us to attract qualified tenants and to provide a high level of service to retain our tenants. We believe that our vertically integrated acquisition and management platform is critical to executing our strategy.

 

In addition to our primary business strategy of acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family homes, we have a private mortgage financing strategy that generates attractive returns on invested capital and provides us access to acquisition opportunities and valuable market data. As of March 31, 2013, our private mortgage portfolio had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $25.3 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 12.1% per annum and a weighted-average remaining term of 146 days. We also owned an additional

 

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$1.2 million in long-term mortgage investments. Additionally, for the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we funded or committed to fund approximately $10.0 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will fund all of the loans that we have committed to fund.

 

We plan to continue acquiring single-family homes and other residential real estate related assets in markets that satisfy our investment criteria with the net proceeds from the IPO. As of December 31, 2012, all of our properties and other assets were purchased with cash on hand. In the future, we expect to prudently finance our operations, in part, with borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility and with various types of indebtedness. In March 2013, we borrowed approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

 

Over time, we expect that the proportion of our total assets invested in self-managed properties, properties leased to and managed by third-party preferred operators and in private mortgage financings will vary depending upon available investment opportunities and other factors. In general, after investing the net proceeds from the IPO, we expect that a substantial percentage of our total assets will be invested in self-managed properties and properties leased to and managed by third-party preferred operators and that the remaining portion of our total assets will be invested in private mortgage financings. The allocation of our total assets among self-managed properties, properties leased to and managed by preferred operators and private mortgage financings is likely to vary significantly over time.

 

We conduct substantially all of our operations through our operating partnership, in which we will own a     % interest, including the sole 1.0% general partnership interest that we hold through a subsidiary, upon completion of the IPO.

 

Formation Transactions

 

We were incorporated in Maryland in March 2012. Our initial stockholders were Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, each of whom purchased 500 shares of our common stock upon our incorporation for a price of $1.00 per share. Our operating partnership was formed as a Delaware limited partnership in April 2012. Its general partner, American Residential GP, LLC, our wholly owned subsidiary, was formed as a Delaware limited liability company in April 2012.

 

On May 11, 2012, as part of our formation transactions and in exchange for 175,000 OP units and approximately $85,000 in cash, we acquired from ARM the proprietary, vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform that our founders developed.

 

The platform we acquired from ARM enabled Phoenix Fund to purchase 608 homes in the greater Phoenix, Arizona and Las Vegas, Nevada markets in various subdivisions with an aggregate purchase price in excess of $73.8 million from February 2010 through March 31, 2013. Our acquisition of this platform, along with key employees we hired from ARM, provided us with an established and scalable infrastructure, including extensive research and high-volume acquisition and property management capabilities, which we believe positions us well for growth. Phoenix Fund purchased 150,000 shares of our common stock in our initial private offering and agreed not to commit to purchase any additional single-family homes.

 

On May 11, 2012, upon completion of our initial private offering and the contribution to our operating partnership of the ARM assets as described above, our TRS entered into a cancelable sub-management agreement with ARM pursuant to which, from May 11, 2012 through February 11, 2013, our TRS provided services to ARM to enable ARM to perform its obligations under the management agreement between ARM and Phoenix Fund. These services included property restoration, leasing, management and disposition services with respect to the properties owned by Phoenix Fund. These were essentially the same services that the ARM employees whom we hired in connection with the contribution transaction referenced above provide to us with respect to our self-managed properties. Under the sub-management agreement, ARM was required to reimburse

 

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our TRS for the actual expenses incurred by our TRS to perform its obligations under the sub-management agreement, plus a fee in an amount equal to 1.0% of the gross rental revenue earned by Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by ARM. In order to simplify the relationships among these parties, on February 11, 2013, ARM, Phoenix Fund and our TRS terminated these arrangements, and our TRS entered into a management agreement directly with Phoenix Fund, pursuant to which our TRS provides the same services to Phoenix Fund for a fee in an amount equal to 6.0% of the gross rental revenue received by Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by our TRS.

 

Recent Events—Initial Public Offering

 

We are planning to sell shares of our common stock in the IPO, for net proceeds of approximately $         million, based on the midpoint of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO of $         to $         . We intend to use the net proceeds from the IPO to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as rental properties, to provide short-term private mortgage financing secured by interests in single-family homes, repay amounts outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility and for general business purposes. None of our affiliates or employees will participate in the IPO as selling stockholders.

 

Factors Expected to Affect Our Results and Financial Condition

 

Our results of operations and financial condition are affected by numerous factors, many of which are beyond our control. Key factors that impact our results of operations and financial condition include our pace of acquisitions and ability to deploy our capital, the amount of time and cost required to stabilize newly acquired properties and convert them to revenue generating assets, rental rates, occupancy levels, rates of tenant turnover, our expense ratios and capital structure.

 

Property Acquisitions

 

We have aggressively but prudently grown our portfolio of single-family homes and intend to continue to do so. Our ability to identify and acquire single-family homes that meet our investment criteria is impacted by home prices in our markets, the inventory of properties available for sale through our acquisition channels and competition for our target assets.

 

We have accumulated a substantial amount of recent data on acquisition costs, restoration costs and the amount of time required to convert an acquired single-family home to a rental property through our management platform and the experience of our founders over the past four years.

 

Property Stabilization

 

Unless it is already leased, before an acquired property becomes a revenue generating asset, we must possess, restore, market and lease the property. We refer to this process as property stabilization. The acquisition of properties involves the expenditure of capital in addition to payment of the purchase price, including payments for property inspections, closing costs, title insurance, transfer taxes, recording fees, broker commissions, property taxes, HOA fees (when applicable) and restoration costs. The time and cost involved in stabilizing our newly acquired properties impacts our financial performance and is affected by the amount of time it takes us to gain possession of a property, the amount of time and cost associated with property restoration and the amount of time it takes to market and lease the property. Our possession can be delayed for a multitude of reasons beyond our control, including applicable statutory rights of redemption, rescission rights and legal challenges to our ownership or unauthorized occupants living in the property at the time of purchase. As part of our underwriting criteria, we typically estimate restoration costs to be 7.5% to 15% of the purchase price, although actual costs may vary significantly based on market, age and condition of the property and other factors. The time to restore a newly acquired property can vary significantly among properties for several reasons, including the channel through which the property was acquired, the age and condition of the property and whether the property was vacant when we acquired it. Similarly, the time to market and lease a property is driven by local demand, our marketing techniques and the size of our available inventory. We actively monitor these measures and trends.

 

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Based on our founders’ prior experience, we anticipate that, on average, the stabilization period for each non-leased property that we acquire will range from 90 to 180 days. We expect that most properties that were not leased at the time of acquisition should be stabilized within six months thereafter and that properties owned for more than six months provide the best indication of how our portfolio will perform over the long-term. As of December 31, 2012, we had 70 properties owned for six months or longer, of which 79% were leased. We continually track key metrics such as average time to obtain possession, restore, and lease our properties.

 

Revenue

 

Our revenue comes primarily from rents collected under lease agreements for our properties. These include both short-term leases that we enter into directly with tenants, which typically have a term of one year, and longer-term net leases, which typically have a term of five to ten years, that we enter into with preferred operators who sub-lease the properties to sub-tenants. Our rental revenue of approximately $2,195,000 for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 was comprised of approximately $1,746,000 of rental revenue from self-managed properties and of approximately $449,000 of revenue from preferred operator program properties. We also receive fees for providing management services to Phoenix Fund and interest on our portfolio of private mortgage financings. For the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, approximately 74.9% of our total revenue was attributable to rental activity, 8.1% was attributable to management services and the remaining 17.0% was attributable to interest earned on our portfolio of private mortgage financings and on cash balances. Over time, we expect most of our revenue to be derived from leasing our properties. The most important drivers of revenue (aside from portfolio growth) are rental and occupancy rates. Our rental and occupancy rates are affected by macroeconomic factors and local and property-level factors, including market conditions, seasonality and tenant defaults, and the amount of time that it takes us to restore properties upon acquisition and the amount of time it takes us to restore and re-lease vacant properties.

 

In each of our markets, we monitor a number of factors that may impact the single-family real estate market and our tenants’ finances, including the unemployment rate, household formation and net population growth, income growth, size and make-up of existing and anticipated housing stock, prevailing market rental and mortgage rates, rental vacancies and credit availability. Growth in demand for rental housing in excess of the growth of rental housing supply, among other factors, will generally drive higher occupancy and rental rates. Negative trends in our markets with respect to these metrics or others could adversely impact our rental revenue. For a more detailed discussion of important factors that impact our revenue, see “Our Business and Investments.”

 

The growth of our portfolio has been significant in recent months, as we have increased the rate at which we acquire properties. When we commenced investment activities in May 2012, we began acquiring properties in Arizona, California and Nevada. More recently, we have also acquired properties in Florida, Georgia, Illinois and Texas, and we are actively identifying other markets in which to invest.

 

We expect that the occupancy of our portfolio will increase as the proportion of recently acquired properties declines relative to the size of our entire portfolio. Nevertheless, in the near term, our ability to drive revenue growth will depend in large part on our ability to efficiently restore and lease newly acquired properties, maintain occupancy in the rest of our portfolio and acquire additional properties, both leased and vacant.

 

The following table summarizes our acquisition and leasing activity from our commencement of investment activity in May 2012 through December 31, 2012.

 

            Acquisitions (1)                
     Total Owned
Properties

as of
May 31, 2012
     One Month
Ended
June 30, 2012
     Three Months
Ended
September 30,
2012
     Three Months
Ended
December 31,
2012
     Total Owned
Properties as of
December 31, 2012
     Percent of
Properties
Leased as of
December 31,
2012 (2)
 

Properties

     —           70         659         1,046         1,775         76

 

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(1)   We acquired our first property in June 2012.
(2)   It may take up to six months to stabilize a property that was vacant at the time of its acquisition and for it to begin generating revenue. In addition, properties may be leased more than once in a given period. The amount presented represents the properties that were leased as of the end of the period.

 

From March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, we acquired a total of 1,775 properties for an aggregate investment of $220.6 million. Before a vacant or foreclosure property is leased, we must possess, restore and market it. We typically estimate restoration costs on such properties to be 7.5% to 15% of the purchase price, although actual costs may vary significantly based on the market, age and condition of the property. From January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2013, we acquired 756 single-family homes, of which 66 are in Arizona, 96 are in Georgia, 100 are in Illinois, 265 are in Indiana, 16 are in Nevada, 153 are in North Carolina, 1 is in South Carolina and 59 are in Texas, and incurred renovation and re-tenancy costs on our existing portfolio, for a total investment of approximately $72.5 million. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have under contract 785 single-family homes, of which 43 are in Arizona, 4 are in California, 66 are in Florida, 25 are in Georgia, 35 are in Illinois, 114 are in Indiana, 214 are in North Carolina, 9 are in South Carolina and 275 are in Texas, for a total investment of approximately $84.5 million. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

Expenses

 

Our ability to acquire, restore, lease and maintain our portfolio in a cost-effective manner will be a key driver of our operating performance. We monitor the following categories of expenses that we believe most significantly affect our results of operations.

 

Property-Related Expenses

 

Once we acquire and restore a self-managed property, we have ongoing property-related expenses, including HOA fees (when applicable), taxes, insurance, ongoing costs to market and maintain the property and expenses associated with tenant turnover. Certain of these expenses are not subject to our control, including HOA fees, property insurance and real estate taxes. We expect that certain of our costs, including insurance costs and property management costs, will account for a smaller percentage of our revenue as we expand our portfolio, achieve larger scale and negotiate volume discounts with third-party service providers and vendors. For properties leased to preferred operators, we have no day-to-day operating responsibilities or property-related expenses, because such responsibilities and expenses are obligations of the operators pursuant to the terms of the leases. As of December 31, 2012, 547 of our properties were managed by local operators through our preferred operator program.

 

Property Management

 

We provide all property management functions for our self-managed properties. For the properties we manage, these functions include: securing the property upon acquisition; coordinating with the utilities; controlling the restoration process; managing the leasing process; communicating with tenants; collecting rents; conducting periodic inspections, routine property maintenance and repairs; paying HOA fees; interfacing with vendors and contractors; and accounting and compliance.

 

By performing these functions internally for our self-managed properties, we believe that we establish improved communications, foster direct relationships with tenants, gain tighter control over the quality and cost of restorations and property maintenance, gain increased attention and focus of third-party leasing agents and improve the timeliness of rental receipts. In addition, we believe that our internal management structure will allow us to manage properties more efficiently than many of our competitors who are externally managed.

 

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Overhead

 

We will incur expenses associated with our vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform, such as compensation expense and other general and administrative costs. In the near term, as our business grows, we expect to hire additional employees, which will increase our general and administrative costs. In addition, we will incur additional costs related to operating as a public company due to increased legal, insurance, accounting and other expenses related to corporate governance, SEC reporting and other compliance matters. Over time, we expect these costs to decline as a percentage of revenue as our portfolio grows.

 

Based on our experience, we believe that the property-related expenses for vacancy, bad debt, property taxes, insurance, HOA fees, repairs and maintenance and capital expenditure reserves and the costs for property management services, such as managing the process of restoring, marketing, leasing and maintaining our stabilized single-family homes, will average between 55% and 60% of gross rental revenue. Variations in asset level returns will be due to a variety of factors, including location, age and condition of the property and the efficiency of our property management services.

 

Non-Recurring Compensation Expenses

 

In connection with our initial private offering of common stock in May 2012, we issued 262,460 LTIP units to members of senior management which vest on the first to occur of (1) the date on which a “change in control” (as defined in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan) occurs, (2) the date on which any shares of our common stock become registered with the SEC under Section 5 of the Securities Act and listed on a national securities exchange or (3) May 11, 2015 (see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus). Assuming completion of the IPO, we expect to incur approximately $3.0 million of non-cash stock compensation expense in general, administrative and other expense for the three months ending June 30, 2013 related to the vesting of the LTIP units described above.

 

We entered into employment agreements with our Chief Executive Officer and our President pursuant to which we will be required to pay bonuses relating to the registration of our common stock. Each of these two executives is entitled to be paid a special cash bonus of $250,000 if, by April 30, 2013, we file with the SEC a shelf registration statement registering the shares sold in our initial private offering and our December 2012 private offering, and each of these two executives is entitled to be paid an additional special cash bonus of $250,000 if, prior to October 29, 2013 (or 60 days later if deferred as a result of our completion of our initial public offering prior to October 29, 2013), the shares sold in our initial private offering in May 2012 and our December 2012 private offering have become registered with the SEC and become listed on a national securities exchange. We expect to incur approximately $1.0 million in general, administrative and other expense for the three months ending June 30, 2013 related to this arrangement as a result of filing this prospectus and the effectiveness of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

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Results of Operations

 

Our results of operations below are derived from the audited consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

Consolidated Statement of Operations Information

 

     Period from
March 30, 2012
(inception)
through
December 31, 2012
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Revenue:

  

Rental

   $ 2,195   

Management services

     238   

Interest and other

     497   
  

 

 

 

Total revenue

     2,930   

Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     912   

Real estate taxes

     608   

Homeowners’ association fees

     330   

Acquisition

     760   

Depreciation and amortization

     1,804   

General, administrative and other

     4,837   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     9,251   
  

 

 

 

Loss from continuing operations before equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     (6,321

Equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     83   
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

   $ (6,238
  

 

 

 

 

We commenced investment activities in May 2012 upon completion of our initial private offering, and through December 31, 2012, we acquired a total of 1,775 properties, with 70 homes acquired in June 2012, 659 homes acquired during the three months ended September 30, 2012 and 1,046 homes acquired during the three months ended December 31, 2012.

 

Rental Revenue

 

Rental revenue includes rental revenue from our residential properties, application fees and lease termination fees. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 76% of our properties were leased, generating rental revenue of approximately $2,195,000 for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Management Services Revenue

 

From the completion of our initial private offering through February 11, 2013, management services revenue represented fee income earned from ARM for property restoration, leasing and management services provided to Phoenix Fund under a sub-management agreement with ARM. Since February 11, 2013, management services revenue represents fee income earned from Phoenix Fund for property restoration, leasing and management services provided to Phoenix Fund under a management agreement between Phoenix Fund and our TRS.

 

Interest and Other Revenue

 

Interest and other revenue includes interest income earned on private mortgage financings and interest income earned on cash balances held with financial institutions.

 

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Property Operating and Maintenance

 

Property operating and maintenance includes all direct and indirect costs related to operating our residential properties, including management personnel, insurance, utilities, landscaping and general repairs and maintenance, other than real estate taxes and HOA fees, which are presented separately in our consolidated statement of operations.

 

Real Estate Taxes

 

Upon acquisition of a home, its real estate taxes are set based upon municipal and state laws. These costs generally remain constant throughout the year and have little variation. Because these expenses are relatively fixed during each year, our operating margin has an opportunity to improve as vacant properties in our self-managed portfolio are leased and begin generating rental revenue.

 

Homeowners’ Association Fees

 

Like real estate taxes, these fees are determined upon acquisition and generally remain fixed based upon existing HOA agreements. Accordingly, our operating margin has an opportunity to improve as vacant properties in our self-managed portfolio are leased and begin generating rental revenue.

 

Acquisition

 

Acquisition expenses are transaction costs incurred in connection with the acquisition of properties with existing leases, including but not limited to, payments for property inspections, closing costs, title insurance, transfer taxes, recording fees and broker commissions. For properties that are leased at the time of acquisition, these costs are expensed, rather than capitalized as a component of the acquisition cost (which is the accounting treatment of these costs for properties that are vacant at the time of acquisition).

 

Depreciation and Amortization

 

Depreciation and amortization includes depreciation expense on our real estate portfolio using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, ranging from 5 to 27.5 years, from the date of acquisition. Depreciation and amortization also includes amortization expense related to in-place lease intangibles, deferred leasing costs and other direct costs capitalized associated with leasing our properties, amortized over the remaining term of the related leases.

 

General, Administrative and Other

 

General, administrative and other expense includes $1.9 million in non-cash stock compensation expense related to vesting of equity issued at the closing of our initial private offering.

 

Equity in Net Income of Unconsolidated Joint Venture

 

Equity in net income of unconsolidated joint venture includes our proportionate share of income in Flatiron VI LLC, a Delaware limited liability company that invests in residential mortgage loans.

 

Cash Flows

 

Our cash flows from operating activities primarily depend upon the occupancy level of our portfolio, the rental rates achieved on our leases, the collectability of rent from our tenants and the level of operating expenses and other general and administrative costs. Net cash used in operating activities was $(2.8) million for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012. We acquired 1,775 properties from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012. Before any property we own begins generating revenue, we must take possession of, restore, market and lease the property. In the meantime, we incur both operating and overhead expenses without corresponding revenue, which contributed to the net use of cash during the same period.

 

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Our net cash used in investing activities is generally used to fund property acquisitions and recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures. Net cash used in investing activities was $(242.5) million for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 due to the acquisition of 1,775 properties and subsequent restoration activities totaling $219.2 million and the investment of $14.4 million in private mortgage loans. Substantially all of the additions to investment in real estate of $2.8 million for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 were incurred on restorations on acquired properties.

 

Our net cash related to financing activities is generally impacted by any borrowings, capital activities net of any dividends and distributions paid to common stockholders and non-controlling interests. Net cash flows provided by financing activities totaled $347.0 million for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 due to net proceeds, after expenses paid, received from our initial private offering on May 11, 2012 and our follow-on private offering on December 21, 2012.

 

Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates

 

Our discussion and analysis of our historical financial condition and results of operations are based upon our consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

 

Investment in Real Estate

 

Property acquired not subject to an existing lease is accounted for as an asset acquisition, with the property recorded at the purchase price, including acquisition costs, allocated between land and building and improvements based upon their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. Property acquired with an existing lease is recorded as a business combination. For properties acquired through portfolio transactions, we determine whether the acquisition qualifies as a business combination based on the nature and status of the properties as of the acquisition date. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially leased at acquisition is treated as a business combination. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially vacant at acquisition is treated as an asset acquisition. To date, portfolio acquisitions were comprised of properties that were substantially leased at acquisition and accordingly were accounted for as business combinations. For property acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, the land, building and improvements and the existing lease are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, with acquisition costs expensed as incurred.

 

Fair value is determined under the guidance of Financial Accounting Standards Board, or FASB, Codification Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements , primarily based on unobservable market data inputs, which are categorized as Level 3 inputs. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize our market knowledge and published market data. Our real estate portfolio is depreciated using the straight—line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, ranging from 5 to 27.5 years.

 

In-place lease intangibles associated with the preferred operator program are valued based on management’s estimates of lost rent and carrying costs while in-place lease intangibles associated with the acquisition of self- managed homes are valued based on management’s estimate of lost rent during the time it would take to locate a tenant and execute a lease if the property were vacant, considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating lost rent and carrying costs, management considers market rents, real estate taxes, insurance, costs to execute similar leases (including leasing commissions) and other related costs. The value assigned to in-place leases is amortized on a straight-line basis as a component of depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining initial term of the related lease. The leases reflect market rental rates.

 

We incur costs to prepare our acquired properties to be rented. These costs (including direct internal costs) are capitalized and allocated to building costs. Costs related to the restoration or improvement of our properties

 

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(including direct internal costs, primarily comprised of payroll expense) that improve and extend their useful lives are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

We evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Significant indicators of impairment may include, but are not limited to, declines in home values, rental rates and occupancy percentages and significant changes in the economy. We make our assessment at the individual property level because it represents the lowest level of cash flows. If an impairment indicator exists, we compare the expected future undiscounted cash flows from the property against its net carrying amount. We prepare our future undiscounted cash flow analysis using estimates based on current rental rates, renewals and occupancy, operating expenses and inputs from our annual planning process and historical performance. When preparing these estimates, we consider each property’s historical results, current operating trends and current market conditions. These estimates may be impacted by variable factors including inflation, expected rental rates, the general health of the economy and market competition. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the net carrying amount of the property, we record an impairment loss for the difference between the estimated fair value of the individual property and the carrying amount of the property at that date. To determine the estimated fair value, we consider both recent comparable homes sales and the use of discounted projected future cash flows. The rates used to discount projected future cash flows reflect market discount rates. No impairments were recorded during the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We lease single-family residences we own and manage directly to tenants who occupy the properties under operating leases, generally, with terms of one year. Generally we perform credit investigations on prospective tenants and obtain security deposits. Rental revenue, net of any concessions, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, which is not materially different than if it were recorded when due from tenants and recognized monthly as it is earned. Properties that are subject to longer-term operating arrangements with preferred operators are leased to the operator for a minimum of five to ten years with renewal options. These operators are responsible for taxes, insurance and maintenance of the properties under the terms of the operating arrangements. Under our preferred operator program, we earn base rental revenue paid monthly, with contractual minimum annual rent increases on each anniversary of the lease commencement date. We recognize rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We also earn percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of the gross revenue the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. Percentage rental revenue is recorded when the gross revenue collected from the sub-tenants is known and the amount can be calculated.

 

Mortgage Financings

 

We hold mortgage financing receivables for investment. The receivables are carried at cost, net of related unamortized premiums or discounts, if any. The mortgage loans are secured by single-family homes.

 

Interest income on mortgage financings is recognized on the effective interest method applied on a loan-by-loan basis. Direct costs, if any, associated with funding loans are offset against any related fees received and the balance, along with any premium or discount, is deferred and amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the terms of the related loans using the effective interest method.

 

Mortgage loans as of December 31, 2012 include approximately $12.2 million of short-term loans with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 12.1% and a weighted-average remaining term of approximately 155 days and approximately $0.8 million in long-term loans with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 7.99% and a weighted-average remaining term of approximately 30 years.

 

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Rents and Other Receivables, Net

 

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses that may result from the inability of tenants or borrowers to make required rent or other payments. This allowance is estimated based on payment history and current credit status. If a tenant or borrower fails to make contractual payments beyond any allowance, we may recognize bad debt expense in future periods equal to the amount of unpaid rent, interest or principal and deferred rent. We generally do not require collateral or other security from our tenants, other than security deposits. Mortgage loans are secured by single-family homes. If estimates of collectability differ from the cash received, then the timing and amount of our reported revenue could be impacted.

 

Deferred Leasing Costs and In-Place Lease Intangibles, Net

 

Deferred leasing commissions and other direct costs associated with leasing our properties (including direct internal costs) and in-place lease intangibles are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases.

 

Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures

 

Investments in ventures are generally accounted for under the equity method of accounting when we exercise significant influence over the venture but we do not serve as managing member or control the venture. Net income/loss allocations are included in the investment balance along with the contributions made and distributions received over the life of the investment.

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents the estimated fair value of the real estate acquisition and management platform acquired from ARM. Goodwill has an indefinite life and, accordingly, we do not amortize this asset but instead analyze it on an annual basis for impairment. Accounting Standards Codification 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, permits us to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting units is less than the carrying amount as a basis to determine whether the two-step impairment test is necessary. The first step in the impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds fair value, the second step is required to determine the amount of the impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. We also have the option to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to performing the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. Impairment charges, if any, are recognized in operating results. No impairments have been recorded for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Income Taxes

 

We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 to 860 of the Code commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. We believe that we have operated in such a manner as to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Accordingly, we will not be subject to federal income tax, provided that we qualify as a REIT and our distributions to our stockholders equal or exceed our REIT taxable income.

 

However, qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code related to the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that fall within specified categories, the diversity of our capital stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will be organized or be able to operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal and state income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates, and we may be ineligible to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent tax years. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state or local income taxes, and our TRS will be subject to federal, state and local taxes on its income.

 

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Stock-Based Payments

 

We have awarded stock-based compensation to certain employees and members of our Board of Directors in the form of LTIP units and restricted shares of our common stock. We estimate the fair value of the awards and recognize this value over the requisite vesting period. For LTIP units, the fair value is based on the estimated market value of our common stock on the date of grant and a discount for lack of marketability estimated by a third-party consultant.

 

Emerging Growth Company Status

 

We are an “emerging growth company,” as defined in the JOBS Act, and we are eligible to take advantage of certain exemptions from various reporting requirements that are applicable to other public companies that are not “emerging growth companies.” These exemptions provide that, so long as a company qualifies as an “emerging growth company,” it will, among other things:

 

   

be exempt from the “say on pay” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve compensation of certain executive officers) and the “say on golden parachute” provisions (requiring a non-binding stockholder vote to approve golden parachute arrangements for certain executive officers in connection with mergers and certain other business combinations) of the Dodd-Frank Act and certain disclosure requirements of the Dodd-Frank Act relating to compensation of its chief executive officer;

 

   

be permitted to omit the detailed compensation discussion and analysis from proxy statements and reports filed under the Exchange Act and instead provide a reduced level of disclosure concerning executive compensation; and

 

   

be exempt from any rules that may be adopted by the PCAOB requiring mandatory audit firm rotation or a supplement to the auditor’s report on the financial statements.

 

Although we are still evaluating the JOBS Act, we currently may take advantage of some or all of the reduced regulatory and reporting requirements that will be available to us so long as we qualify as an “emerging growth company,” except that we have irrevocably elected not to take advantage of the extension of time to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards available under Section 102(b) of the JOBS Act.

 

We will, in general, qualify as an “emerging growth company” until the earliest of:

 

   

the last day of our fiscal year following the fifth anniversary of the date of the IPO;

 

   

the last day of our fiscal year in which we have annual gross revenue of $1.0 billion or more;

 

   

the date on which we have, during the previous three-year period, issued more than $1.0 billion in non-convertible debt; and

 

   

the date on which we are deemed to be a “large accelerated filer,” which will occur at such time as we (1) have an aggregate worldwide market value of common equity securities held by non-affiliates of $700 million or more as of the last business day of our most recently completed second fiscal quarter, (2) have been required to file annual and quarterly reports under the Exchange Act for a period of at least 12 months and (3) have filed at least one annual report pursuant to the Exchange Act.

 

Liquidity and Capital Resources

 

Liquidity is a measure of our ability to meet potential cash requirements, maintain our assets, fund our operations and make distributions to our stockholders and other general business needs. Our liquidity, to a certain extent, is subject to general economic, financial, competitive and other factors that are beyond our control. Our near-term liquidity requirements consist primarily of purchasing our target assets, restoring and leasing properties and funding our operations.

 

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Our long-term liquidity needs consist primarily of funds necessary to pay for the acquisition, restoration and maintenance of properties; HOA fees; real estate taxes; non-recurring capital expenditures; interest and principal payments to the extent we incur indebtedness; payment of quarterly distributions to our stockholders to the extent declared by our Board of Directors; and general and administrative expenses. We expect to incur between 7.5% and 15.0% of the total purchase price of vacant homes acquired on restorations in order to prepare the acquired home for rental activities. On homes that are currently leased or that are acquired with an in-place lease, we expect to incur between $1,500 to $2,500 in restoration costs, in order to prepare the home for rent to a new tenant if and when the existing tenant does not renew their lease and ultimately vacates the home at lease expiration. The nature of our business, our aggressive growth plans and the requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, determined without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding any net capital gain, to our stockholders, may cause us to have substantial liquidity needs over the long-term, although we have not had any taxable income to date. We will seek to satisfy our long-term liquidity needs through cash flow from operations, long-term secured and unsecured indebtedness, the issuance of debt and equity securities, including OP units, property dispositions and joint venture transactions. We have financed our operations and acquisitions to date through the issuance of equity securities. We expect to meet our operating liquidity requirements generally through cash on hand and cash provided by operations (as we lease up acquired single-family homes). Upon completion of the IPO, we anticipate that cash on hand and provided by operations will be sufficient to meet our liquidity requirements for at least the next 12 months. Our assets are illiquid by their nature. Thus, a timely liquidation of assets might not be a viable source of short-term liquidity should a cash flow shortfall arise that causes a need for additional liquidity. It could be necessary to source liquidity from other financing alternatives should any such scenario arise.

 

As of December 31, 2012, all of our properties and other assets were purchased with cash on hand and we had no indebtedness. In March 2013, we borrowed approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility. In the future, we expect to prudently finance our operations, in part, with borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility and with various other types of indebtedness. We may raise additional capital in the future through the sale of shares of our capital stock.

 

We have obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us to increase the facility amount up to $300 million subject to meeting certain criteria and obtaining additional commitments from lenders. The credit facility is secured by our ownership interest in American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. Subsequent to December 31, 2012, we borrowed approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured credit facility, which remained outstanding as of March 31, 2013.

 

The amount available for us to borrow under the credit facility is subject to limitations governed by calculations based on the cost, value and debt yield supported by our properties that form the borrowing base of the credit facility. The credit agreement requires us to comply with various financial covenants, including:

 

   

a maximum leverage ratio (defined as total indebtedness to total asset value) of 40.0%, increasing up to 60.0% once $300.0 million of our homes are designated as borrowing base properties;

 

   

a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio (defined as consolidated earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization to consolidated fixed charges) of 1.00x, stepping up over time to 1.75x;

 

   

a minimum tangible net worth equal to at least $258.8 million, plus 75.0% of the net proceeds of any additional equity issuances; and

 

   

a minimum liquidity requirement of $15.0 million in unrestricted cash, stepping down to $10.0 million after March 31, 2014.

 

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In addition to these financial covenants, the credit agreement requires us to comply with various customary affirmative and negative covenants that restrict our ability to, among other things, incur debt and liens, make investments, dispose of properties and make distributions.

 

The covenant in the credit agreement that restricts the incurrence of debt permits us to incur:

 

   

unsecured, nonrecourse debt so long as after giving effect thereto we are in pro forma compliance with the financial covenants described above;

 

   

secured, nonrecourse debt so long as after giving effect thereto we are in pro forma compliance with the financial covenants described above, and subject to (1) limitations on our ability to on-lend proceeds of such debt to fund mortgage loans originated by third parties and (2) a $50 million limit on the incurrence of such debt if we have not designated at least $300.0 million of our homes as borrowing base properties; and

 

   

up to $50 million of unsecured, recourse debt, subject to satisfaction of certain specified conditions, including a condition that after giving effect to the incurrence thereof we are in pro forma compliance with the financial covenants described above.

 

The covenant in the credit agreement that restricts distributions includes a restriction that our annual distributions may not exceed the greater of (1) 95.0% of our funds from operations or (2) the amount required for us to (a) qualify and maintain our REIT status and (b) avoid the payment of federal or state income or excise tax. If certain events of default exist or would result from a distribution, or if our obligations under the credit facility are accelerated, we may be limited or precluded from making distributions.

 

Our liquidity and capital resources as of December 31, 2012 consisted of cash and cash equivalents of $101.7 million, including $0.4 million held by designated brokers to facilitate the acquisition of properties.

 

On January 25, 2013, we completed a direct private placement of 37,600 shares of our common stock, raising net proceeds of approximately $0.8 million, before expenses.

 

To date, we have not declared any distributions. To qualify as a REIT, we are required to distribute annually at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, without regard to the deduction for dividends paid and excluding net capital gains, and to pay tax at regular corporate rates to the extent that we annually distribute less than 100% of our net taxable income. Subject to the requirements of the MGCL, we intend to pay quarterly dividends to our stockholders, if and to the extent authorized by our Board of Directors. Any future distributions payable are indeterminable at this time.

 

Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements

 

We have no obligations, assets or liabilities which would be considered off-balance sheet arrangements. We have not participated in transactions that create relationships with unconsolidated entities or financial partnerships, often referred to as variable interest entities, which would have been established for the purpose of facilitating off-balance sheet arrangements.

 

Contractual Obligations

 

The following table provides information with respect to our commitments as of December 31, 2012, including any guaranteed or minimum commitments under contractual obligations (dollars in thousands).

 

     2013      2014      2015      2016      2017      Thereafter      Total  

Operating lease (1)

   $ 200       $ 287       $ 292       $ 298       $ 303       $ 25       $ 1,405   

Property acquisition obligations (2)

     7,486         —           —           —           —           —           7,486   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 
   $ 7,686       $ 287       $ 292       $ 298       $ 303       $ 25       $ 8,891   
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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(1)   Includes operating lease for corporate office space at 7047 East Greenway Parkway, Scottsdale, Arizona.
(2)   Represents purchase offers on single-family rental homes that were accepted by the seller but not closed as of December 31, 2012. Acquisition deposits were paid through December 31, 2012 in connection with these rental home purchase commitments. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

Our future income, cash flows and fair values relevant to financial instruments are dependent upon prevalent market interest rates. Market risk refers to the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and interest rates. We may in the future use derivative financial instruments to manage, or hedge, interest rate risks related to any borrowings we may have. We expect to enter into such contracts only with major financial institutions based on their credit rating and other factors. As of December 31, 2012, we did not have any market risk sensitive instruments.

 

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INDUSTRY OVERVIEW AND MARKET OPPORTUNITY

 

Unless otherwise indicated, all information in this Industry Overview and Market Opportunity section is derived from a market study prepared for us in connection with the IPO and this offering by John Burns Real Estate Consulting, LLC, or JBREC, a real estate consulting firm. You should read the following discussion together with the information under the caption “Risk Factors.”

 

Industry Overview

 

Residential housing is the largest real estate asset class in the United States with a size of approximately $17.7 trillion, according to the 2012 fourth quarter Federal Reserve Flow of Funds release. Historically, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately one-third of this asset class has been rented and single-family homes currently comprise roughly one-third of all residential rental housing.

 

The following chart provides information about the inventory of U.S. housing as of February 2013 by unit.

 

U.S. Housing Inventory

(as of February 2013)

 

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Source: JBREC, February 2013.

 

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Market Opportunity

 

After nearly a decade of solid home price appreciation from 1998 to 2006, which we believe in many markets was in excess of underlying fundamentals, a significant over-correction has occurred in the pricing of the single-family housing sector. Home prices declined approximately 35% in some of the largest U.S. housing markets (as measured by the not-seasonally adjusted S&P/Case-Shiller Composite 20 Home Price Index from its peak on July 1, 2006 to its trough on March 1, 2012). We believe that home prices continue to be significantly below replacement costs in many of these markets. Additionally, we believe there will continue to be a supply of homes at distressed values, as a substantial number of non-performing loans will need to be resolved, including through foreclosure, short sale or conversion through a bank deed-for-lease program. Accordingly, we believe there is an opportunity to acquire a large volume of single-family homes at attractive pricing.

 

While a large and growing asset class, single-family rental properties have historically been managed by relatively small-scale, “mom and pop” owner-operators or by a limited number of local and regional property management organizations. More recently, the ownership profile of single-family rental properties has shifted to larger investors and national owner-operators, including our company, seeking to efficiently acquire large numbers of homes at distressed values, generate attractive rental cash flow streams and benefit from any potential future home price appreciation. We believe the return profile, from rental yields and potential for home price appreciation, is significant enough to encourage investment in the systems, structures and technologies that can make possible economies of scale, resulting in an opportunity for broader industry consolidation by larger and better-capitalized investors that are introducing a higher standard of institutional management to this asset class.

 

The ability to acquire single-family homes at reduced prices, combined with improving housing demand characteristics, may offer a significant opportunity to those with a scalable real estate management and acquisitions platform and access to capital.

 

While single-family prices are in the early stages of recovery, multi-family prices have been improving during the last two years and have returned to levels on par with early 2006, as measured by the NCREIF Index.

 

Supply of Single-Family Housing

 

Following the eight-year period of solid price appreciation that ended in late 2006, home prices fell precipitously. From its peak in 2006 through the second quarter of 2010, the aggregate value of the U.S. housing market depreciated by approximately $5.5 trillion (per Case-Shiller and U.S. Census Bureau), an extraordinary reduction of value in the housing sector. This sudden decrease in home values has contributed to approximately 11.5 million home borrowers with negative equity or in some stage of delinquency as of the fourth quarter 2012 (according to JBREC).

 

Foreclosure-related activity peaked in 2009 and has since begun to decline, but is still substantially above historical averages. From September 2008 through December 2012, there were approximately 4.1 million completed loan foreclosures (according to CoreLogic). While an unprecedented number of foreclosures have occurred, a large number of delinquent loans remain outstanding. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 11.3% of all mortgage loans (measured by loan count based on Mortgage Bankers Association data) in the nation are in some level of non-performance.

 

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Non-Performing Single-Family Residential Mortgage Loans

(as of December 2012)

(Total Non-Performing Loans: 4.7 million)

 

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Source: MBA Mortgage Bankers Association—4th Quarter 2012 National Delinquency Survey.

 

The chart below illustrates the increase in the level of delinquency to relatively high levels. According to Mortgage Bankers Association data, a total of 4.7 million single-family residential mortgage loans are currently non-performing.

 

U.S. Single-Family Residential Mortgage Delinquency and Foreclosure Units

(Q4 1990—Q4 2012)

 

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Source: MBA Mortgage Bankers Association—4th Quarter 2012 National Delinquency Survey.

 

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Over the next five years, a substantial number of non-performing loans will need to be resolved, including through foreclosure, short sale or conversion through a bank deed-for-lease program. At the current rate of delinquency and non-performance, it appears that over 4.7 million homeowners in the United States will be affected. Even if fewer than half of the delinquent or non-performing loans proceed through the foreclosure process or are sold through the short sale process, the supply of inventory available for acquisition could be large.

 

Rental Market Demand Overview

 

Over the past two years, the U.S. rental housing market has begun a sustained recovery. In many markets, rental vacancy has fallen and rents have risen, even in areas hardest hit during the housing and economic downturn.

 

In addition to a growing trend of a mobile workforce, America is undergoing a shift in demographics. Core baby boomer households are becoming empty nesters, and the number of 20- to 34-year-olds is growing at an accelerated pace, as members of “Generation Y” come of home buying age. In the context of high unemployment, labor insecurity and a desire to maintain mobility, “Generation Y,” defined as those born between 1980 and 1999, numbers more than 80 million members, and is likely to show a higher tendency to rent rather than own residential housing. Additionally, the rising cost of college education and the corresponding burden of student loans leave many young people deep in debt and less willing or able to take on mortgage debt.

 

The chart below illustrates the strength of the overall rental market (including both single-family and multi-family rental housing), which has seen increases in occupancy and rental rates (despite the macroeconomic headwinds that the United States economy has been facing). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, out of the total 78 million family households in the United States, 32 million have two members, and are more likely candidates for multi-family rentals, whereas 46 million have three or more members, and are more likely candidates for single-family rentals.

 

Single-Family and Multi-Family Rental Occupancy and Rental Rate

(as of December 31, 2011)

 

Median Monthly Rent

  

% of Total Occupied Homes

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Single-Family Rental Demand

 

Many homeowners who have been displaced by the housing bubble are looking to live in a home with similar characteristics and amenities to their former home and, for this population, single-family rentals may present the best available option. In the wake of the worst housing downturn in history, renting has, in many cases, become more compelling for consumers, and, with the growth of the single-family rental market, these consumers are now offered alternative rental options.

 

While multi-family and single-family housing seem to be natural competitors in the rental sector, each generally appeals to a different type of tenant. The two rental markets are largely segmented by lifecycle stage. Singles, couples without children, people with roommates, newly divorced individuals and empty nesters dominate the multi-family market, because they have smaller space needs, less demand for associated acreage and generally prefer denser, transit-centric submarkets. On the other hand, the single-family market (both owner-occupied and tenant-occupied) serves larger households that are primarily families with children, whose preferences tend to focus on the need for additional space, quality of schools and neighborhood safety.

 

Within the broader rental market, the single-family rental segment has continued to grow its relative market share compared to other types of rental housing.

 

Relative Size of the Single-Family Rental Market

(as of December 31, 2011)

 

Single-Family Rentals as % of Total Rentals)    Total Count of Rental Units

LOGO

 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

Two of the primary factors driving the increase in demand for single-family rental properties are constraints on home mortgage financing and the displacement of homeowners.

 

Constraints on Home Mortgage Financing.

 

Even with the increased affordability of homes, many would-be home buyers—including some with no history of foreclosure—are finding it difficult to qualify for a mortgage. Lenders have reverted to more stringent underwriting standards (such as limitations on aggregate indebtedness and restrictions on the percentage of income allocable to mortgage payments) and require larger down payments, which together have made it difficult for many potential home buyers to obtain mortgage financing.

 

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Displaced Owners Forced to Rent

 

In some cases, the shift from owning to renting is a function of foreclosure, short sales, or other adverse credit or economic events. A home foreclosure, for example, can have a significant adverse effect on credit status and can limit the ability to obtain mortgage debt to finance future homeownership for up to seven years. Distressed owners are effectively converted to renters, many of whom prefer to live in a single-family unit, which has characteristics and amenities similar to their former homes, as opposed to an apartment.

 

The recent drop in home prices, constraints on mortgage lending, job volatility requiring greater geographic mobility, economic uncertainty, evolving demographics and expanded rental options are changing the way many Americans live. Many people, who in the past might have become homeowners, are instead becoming long-term renters of single-family homes. According to JBREC, for every 1.0% decline in the homeownership rate, the occupants of approximately 1.1 million homes become prospective tenants, and JBREC believes that the homeownership rate will continue to decrease through 2015 and then begin to increase again.

 

Single-Family Home Prices

 

We believe that there has been an over-correction in housing prices in certain housing markets, which has led to home prices being significantly below replacement cost in many of these markets. As the economy slowly strengthens and the housing market returns to long-term pricing norms, or reverts to mean pricing levels, we believe there is the potential for home price appreciation. The chart below illustrates the magnitude of the decrease in home prices in our current markets and the subsequent rebound, which remains significantly below the peak in most markets.

 

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Changes in Burns Home Value Index (1)

(December 31, 2002 to December 31, 2012)

 

LOGO

 

Source: JBREC, February 2013.

 

  (1)   Peak occurred during either 2006 or 2007 for most markets, with the exceptions of Indianapolis (2003) and Houston (2008). Trough occurred during 2011 or 2012 for most markets, with the exceptions of Indianapolis (2010) and Houston (2009). Burns Home Value Index estimates all home values in a market, not just recent transactions (sales).

 

Markets: Economic and Demographic Fundamentals

 

Projections and Assumptions

 

The following discussion contains projections regarding home price appreciation, employment growth, residential building permit activity, median household income and household formation. JBREC has made these projections based on studying the historical and current performance of the residential housing market and applying JBREC’s qualitative knowledge about the residential housing market. The future is difficult to predict, particularly given that the economy and housing markets can be cyclical, subject to changing consumer and market psychology, and governmental policies related to mortgage regulations and interest rates. There will usually be differences between projected and actual results because events and circumstances frequently do not occur as expected, and the differences may be material. JBREC does not express any form of assurance that these

 

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projections will come true. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—The estimates, forecasts and projections relating to our markets prepared by JBREC are based upon numerous assumptions and may not prove to be accurate.”

 

Home Value Appreciation

 

The Burns Home Value Index seeks to provide a reasonable estimate of home value trends in an MSA. The index is calculated based on an “electronic appraisal” of every home in the market, rather than just the small sample of homes that are actually transacting. The index provides home value trends by analyzing transactions as they are negotiated, not closed, which eliminates the data lag embedded in other home value indices that are based only on completed transactions. The index does not measure the change in the median price of homes sold, which may be subject to the mix of homes being sold and differences by geography. Appreciation projections are highly dependent on JBREC’s assumptions of job growth by market, and mortgage rates staying below 5.2% through 2016.

 

Employment Growth

 

JBREC forecasts the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ wage and salary employment totals. Employment growth conditions vary by market, but JBREC believes that an economic recovery that involves global debt reduction is likely to be a slow-growth recovery. Among other things, JBREC has assumed that the economy is gradually expanding, albeit at a slower pace than prior economic recoveries.

 

Residential Building Permit Activity

 

JBREC’s residential building permit forecasts consider job growth in each market, as well as home sales activity, household formation and home price appreciation.

 

Median Household Income

 

JBREC’s household income forecasts assume generally improving job growth, and assume that incomes are generally rising after declining during the recent economic downturn. As with job growth, the recovery in the rate of household income growth is generally expected to occur at a slower pace in the near term than in previous economic recoveries.

 

Household Formation

 

JBREC’s household formation forecasts are based on forecasted changes in population, as well as a return to more normal headship rates, or the percentage of people in an age group who head a household. Headship rates fell for nearly all age groups from 2000 to 2010, particularly in the younger age groups, mostly caused by the economic distress in the latter half of the last decade. JBREC’s forecasts assume immigration that occurs at levels consistent with the 2000s and continued growth in multi-generational families.

 

Overview

 

As of March 31, 2013, we conducted operations in eight primary markets, which it believes possess attributes that allow it to execute its single-family rental strategy. These markets have generally experienced significant price deterioration during the financial crisis, seen a decrease in homeownership and, in our view, currently have a positive economic outlook. Additionally, these are markets where we have identified partners, vendors and sub-contractors necessary to facilitate its strategy. We believe these factors allow us to acquire, restore, lease and manage homes to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns over the long-term. As of March 31, 2013, our eight primary markets were located in Arizona (Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA), California (Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA), Georgia (Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA), Illinois (Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL metropolitan division), Indianapolis (Indianapolis-Carmel, IN MSA), Nevada (Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA) and Texas (Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metropolitan division and Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA).

 

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The following tables provide summaries of actual economic data and estimates, forecasts and projections for these eight primary markets.

 

    Metro Area        
    Phoenix, AZ
MSA
    Riverside-San
Bernardino,
CA MSA
    Atlanta, GA
MSA
    Chicago,
IL Metro
Division
    Indianapolis,
IN MSA
    Las Vegas,
NV MSA
    Dallas, TX
Metro
Division
    Houston,
TX MSA
    United
States
 

MSA Rank by Population (1)

    14        13        9        3 (7)       34        30        4 (8)       6     

Unemployment Rate (2)
December 31, 2012

    6.7     10.9     8.4     8.6     8.0     10.0     5.9     6.0     7.6

Average Annual Home Value Appreciation Forecast (3)(4)
2013 to 2016

    10.7     9.8     11.1     9.1     5.5     14.3     6.9     5.1     6.5

Average Annual Employment Growth Forecast (3)(5)
2013 to 2016

    2.6     2.0     2.1     1.6     1.9     2.1     2.5     2.8     1.8

Average Annual Median Income Growth Forecast (3)(5)
2013 to 2016

    2.9     2.3     2.2     1.9     1.2     1.9     2.7     2.0     1.8

Average Annual Population Growth Forecast (3)(6)
2013 to 2016

    2.6     1.2     1.9     0.4     1.3     3.0     2.1     1.9     1.0

Discount (Premium) of Median Home Price to Cost of Newly Constructed Home (3)(5)

    23.6     4.4     26.2     -13.6     20.4     26.3     -5.3     15.3     N/A   

 

(1)   Source: 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States.
(2)   Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
(3)   JBREC estimate; actual values may differ materially from those estimated.
(4)   Source: JBREC—Burns Home Value Index.
(5)   Source: JBREC.
(6)   Source: Moody’s Analytics (September 2012).
(7)   Represents entire Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA.
(8)   Represents entire Dallas-Fort Worth, TX MSA.

 

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Burns Home Value Index—with Year-Over-Year Change

(indexed to 100 in January 2002)

 

    Metro Area                          

Period

  Phoenix,
AZ
    MSA    
    Riverside-San
Bernardino,
CA MSA
    Atlanta,
GA MSA
    Chicago, IL
Metro
Division
    Indianapolis,
IN MSA
    Las
Vegas,
NV MSA
    Dallas,
TX Metro
Division
    Houston,
TX
MSA
    8-MSA
Average
    National
Average
 

Jan. 2002

    100          100          100          100          100          100          100          100          100          100     

2002

    103          108          102          104          101          103          101          102          103          105     

2003

    108        6     132        22     106        4     114        9     106        4     117        13     103        2     107        4     111        8     116        10

2004

    123        13     178        35     111        5     122        7     103        -3     168        44     108        5     112        5     128        15     132        14

2005

    173        41     223        25     116        5     133        9     105        2     194        16     109        1     112        0     146        14     152        15

2006

    189        9     242        9     120        4     140        5     103        -1     200        3     113        4     118        5     153        5     159        5

2007

    170        -10     214        -12     121        0     139        -1     102        -2     180        -10     113        0     120        2     145        -6     153        -4

2008

    135        -20     152        -29     111        -8     125        -10     95        -6     138        -24     108        -5     121        0     123        -15     136        -12

2009

    105        -22     118        -22     100        -10     110        -12     93        -2     100        -28     107        0     117        -3     106        -14     124        -9

2010

    93        -12     111        -6     92        -8     99        -10     91        -2     88        -11     106        -1     120        3     100        -6     119        -4

2011

    85        -9     107        -4     82        -12     92        -7     90        -2     79        -10     101        -5     120        0     94        -6     114        -4

2012

    98        15     110        3     80        -2     90        -2     91        1     82        3     100        -1     123        3     97        2     116        2

2013E (1)

    116        18     124        12     88        10     98        9     97        7     92        13     105        5     134        8     107        10     125        7

2014E (1)

    132        14     140        13     101        15     110        12     104        7     110        20     114        9     142        7     119        12     136        8

2015E (1)

    141        7     153        9     113        12     121        10     109        5     129        17     123        8     148        4     130        9     144        6

2016E (1)

    147        4     160        5     122        8     127        5     113        3     140        9     130        5     151        2     136        5     150        4

 

Source: JBREC, Burns Home Value Index data as of February 2013.

 

(1)   JBREC estimate; actual values may differ materially from those estimated.

 

Burns Home Value Index—with Month-Over-Month Change

(indexed to 100 in January 2002)

 

    Metro Area                          

Period

  Phoenix,
AZ
    MSA    
    Riverside-San
Bernardino,
CA MSA
    Atlanta,
GA  MSA
    Chicago,
IL Metro
Division
    Indianapolis,
IN MSA
    Las
Vegas,
NV MSA
    Dallas,
TX  Metro
Division
    Houston,
TX
MSA
    8-MSA
Average
    National
Average
 

Dec. 2011

    87          106          78          87          90          78          99          120          93          113     

Jan. 2012

    88        1.4     106        0.5     79        0.6     87        0.2     90        0.4     78        0.8     99        0.3     119        -0.1     93        0.5     113        0.3

Feb. 2012

    90        1.8     107        0.8     79        0.6     88        0.8     90        0.2     78        0.4     100        0.3     121        0.9     94        0.7     114        0.6

Mar. 2012

    91        2.0     108        0.5     80        0.5     89        0.9     90        0.0     79        0.8     100        0.2     122        1.3     95        0.8     115        0.7

Apr. 2012

    94        2.4     108        0.5     80        0.5     90        1.1     90        -0.3     80        1.0     100        -0.2     123        0.6     95        0.7     115        0.7

May 2012

    96        2.4     109        0.6     80        -0.4     90        0.3     90        0.0     81        1.1     99        -0.2     124        0.6     96        0.6     116        0.4

Jun. 2012

    98        2.5     110        0.9     80        -0.5     90        0.4     90        0.6     82        1.4     99        -0.2     124        0.2     97        0.7     116        0.4

Jul. 2012

    100        1.6     111        0.8     80        0.0     91        0.2     92        1.2     83        0.9     99        0.0     124        -0.1     97        0.6     117        0.4

Aug. 2012

    102        2.3     112        1.0     80        0.4     91        0.1     92        0.5     84        1.3     99        0.1     124        0.0     98        0.7     117        0.4

Sep. 2012

    103        1.2     113        1.0     80        0.4     91        0.0     92        -0.1     84        0.4     100        0.2     124        -0.1     98        0.4     117        0.2

Oct. 2012

    104        0.3     113        0.5     80        0.2     91        -0.1     92        0.3     84        0.1     100        0.3     124        0.5     99        0.3     118        0.2

Nov. 2012

    104        0.3     114        0.6     81        0.5     91        0.4     93        0.3     84        0.4     100        0.3     125        0.6     99        0.4     118        0.4

Dec. 2012

    104        0.5     115        0.8     81        0.6     92        0.8     93        0.4     85        0.8     101        0.6     126        0.8     100        0.7     119        0.6

 

Source: JBREC, Burns Home Value Index data as of February 2013.

 

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Arizona Market (Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA: “Phoenix”)

 

Phoenix Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Phoenix metropolitan area had 4.3 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the fourteenth-largest MSA in the United States by population, and is home to approximately 66% of Arizona’s population. The Phoenix metropolitan area consists of Maricopa and Pinal counties Phoenix’s key industries are focused on professional and business services and retail trade, according to the October 2012 Arizona: Economic and Business Research published by the University of Arizona. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth has been positive in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate, and household income has begun to rise. In addition, Phoenix is projected to experience population growth of 2.6% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in Phoenix, with 42,900 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 9.8% in 2010 to 6.7% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 47,875 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.6%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Phoenix has risen, experiencing a 0.9% and 1.5% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in Phoenix to increase to $58,422 by 2016, which is a 2.9% average annual increase.

 

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Median Household Income—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Phoenix Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Phoenix is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $203 billion (approximately 1.8 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 110,823 homes. In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Phoenix housing market has begun to improve. Household formation has increased from its 2011 trough, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased. In addition, home values have begun to appreciate, with an estimated home value increase of 15.1% for 2012, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Despite this recovery, homeownership has declined, from a peak of 74.9% in 2004 to a trough of 62.3% as of September 30, 2012, rising only slightly to 63.2% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Phoenix market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 23.6% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Phoenix MSA is $81.20 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Phoenix MSA median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 22% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 38,605 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $6.3 billion in value

 

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(assuming the December 31, 2012 median sales price of $163,000 per home). “Shadow inventory” includes homes that are not currently listed for sale but are in various stages of distress (i.e., mortgages that are 30 or more days delinquent or are in foreclosure). JBREC assigns a probability of sale to these homes in order to estimate the shadow inventory of single-family homes becoming available for purchase due to financial distress.

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 15,882 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, Phoenix added an estimated 21,900 households. This represents a 21.7% increase as compared to the number of households formed during the year ended December 31, 2011, though it is well off peak levels reached in 2005. From 2009 through 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 37,000, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 47,625 annually from 2013 through 2016, which is generally higher than historical growth levels. By 2016, total permits in Phoenix are expected to reach 46,000 units—the highest since 2006 in this market.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Phoenix was 63.2%, which is down from a high of 74.9% in 2004.

 

Homeownership Rate—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

LOGO

 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Phoenix are showing growth following several years of significant decline. The Burns Home Value Index was up 15.1% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $163,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 23.6% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Phoenix MSA are projected to show an average annual increase of 10.7% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Phoenix, AZ MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

LOGO

 

Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates . Single-family home average monthly rents have increased in Phoenix from 2010 through 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 18.3%% to 10.1% from 2009 to February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

LOGO

 

Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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California Market (Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA: “Inland Empire”)

 

Inland Empire Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Inland Empire metropolitan area had 4.3 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the third-largest in California and the thirteenth-largest in the nation by population. The Inland Empire metropolitan area consists of Riverside and San Bernardino counties, and, due to its proximity to the Los Angeles port, the Inland Empire has become home to many distribution centers for large manufacturers. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth was positive for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a declining unemployment rate, and household income has begun to rise. In addition, the Inland Empire is projected to experience population growth of 1.2% from 2013 through 2016, in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in the Inland Empire, with 15,900 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 14.3% in 2010 to 10.9% as of December 31, 2012. The Inland Empire economy appears to be improving, albeit at a slower pace than other parts of the country. JBREC anticipates employment will grow by an average of 24,125 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.0%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in the Inland Empire has generally risen, experiencing a 1.7% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 but a slight decrease of -0.8% for the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in the Inland Empire will increase to $58,822 by 2016, which is a 2.3% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

LOGO

 

Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Inland Empire Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in the Inland Empire is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $205 billion (approximately 1.5 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 70,731 homes. In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Inland Empire housing market has begun to improve. Household formation has increased from its 2008 trough, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased slightly from their 2011 issuance level. In addition, home values have begun to appreciate, with an estimated home value increase of 3.1% for 2012, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Despite this recovery, homeownership continues to decline from its peak of 68.5% in 2005 to 55.5% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Inland Empire market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 4.4% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Riverside-San Bernardino MSA is $103.76 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Riverside-San Bernardino MSA median new home size and direct

 

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construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 30% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 48,341 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $10.2 billion in value (assuming the median sales price of $210,000 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits is only slightly above its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 5,241 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, the Inland Empire added an estimated 18,700 households. From January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 48,500, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. Household formation is likely to outpace permit activity in the near term, adding an average of 24,325 households per year between 2013 and 2016. JBREC expects that, by 2016, total permit activity will return to 18,000 units issued, which is a significant improvement from the lows of this recent downturn, but significantly lower than the market’s peak.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in the Inland Empire was 55.5%, which is down from a high of 68.5% in 2005.

 

Homeownership Rate—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in the Inland Empire are showing growth following several years of significant decline. The Burns Home Value Index was up an estimated 3.1% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $210,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 4.4% less than estimated cost of a newly constructed home. Home values in the Inland Empire are projected to show an average annual increase of 9.8% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents have increased slightly in the Inland Empire in 2013 from 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate decreased from 12.1% in 2009 to 6.9% through February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Georgia Market (Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA: “Atlanta”)

 

Atlanta Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Atlanta metropolitan area had 5.4 million people across 28 counties and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the largest MSA in Georgia and the ninth-largest in the United States by population. Reflecting its broad-based economy, the Atlanta metropolitan area’s top employers include sectors such as trade, transportation, utilities and professional and business services (according to the University of Georgia’s 2012 Economic Yearbook). Following several years of declining employment, employment growth has been positive in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate. The median household income has begun to rise, though, for 2012, it was only 0.8% above its level in 2010. In addition, Atlanta is projected to experience population growth of 1.9% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in Atlanta, with 34,200 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 10.2% in 2010 to 8.4% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 51,375 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.1%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Atlanta has risen slightly, experiencing a 0.6% and 0.2% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in Atlanta to increase to $60,544 by 2016, which is a 2.2% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Atlanta Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Atlanta is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $259 billion (approximately 2.2 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 84,788 homes (limited geographic coverage). In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Atlanta housing market has begun to improve. Household formation remains near historic lows, but permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased. In addition, home values have begun to decrease at a slower pace, with an estimated home value decrease of 2.1% in 2012 from 2011, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Homeownership declined from its peak of 67.9% in 2006 to 60.8% as of September 30, 2012, and began to increase once again to 63.4% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Atlanta market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.2% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Atlanta MSA is $81.61 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Atlanta MSA median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value

 

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estimate (equal to 20% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a large “shadow inventory” of approximately 87,539 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $8.9 billion in value (assuming the median sales price of $101,536 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 14,331 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. An estimated 25,200 households were added during the same time period in Atlanta, and it appears as if household formation will continue to outpace new housing supply in the near term. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 44,000 annually from 2013 through 2016. Total permits are expected to increase to 38,000 units by 2016, a level that is comparable to permit activity in 1993.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels . As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Atlanta was 63.4%, which is down from a high of 67.9% in 2006.

 

Homeownership Rate—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Atlanta are decreasing less rapidly than in previous years. The Burns Home Value Index was down an estimated 2.1% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $101,536 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.2% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. After reaching a trough in 2012, home values in the Atlanta MSA are forecasted to rise at an average of 11.1% per year from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Atlanta, GA MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents have increased in Atlanta from 2011 through 2012 and into early 2013. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 16.6% to 10.8% from 2009 to February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Illinois Market (Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL Metro Division: “Chicago”)

 

Chicago Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 Population Estimates, the Chicago metropolitan division had 7.9 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the third-largest MSA in the United States by population when combined with the neighboring Gary, IN and Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metropolitan divisions (an additional 1.6 million people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 Population Estimates). The Chicago metropolitan division consists of eight counties. Chicago’s key industries are focused on trade, transportation and utilities, and professional and business services, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth has been positive in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate. Household incomes have remained relatively flat in recent years. Chicago is projected to experience population growth of 0.4% from 2013 through 2016, which is below the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in Chicago, with 34,200 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 10.4% in 2010 to 8.6% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 61,375 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 1.6%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Chicago rose 1.3% in the year ended December 31, 2011, but fell 1.3% in the year ended December 31, 2012. JBREC anticipates the median income in Chicago to increase to $61,732 by 2016, which is a 1.9% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Chicago Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in the greater Chicago MSA is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $604 billion (approximately 3.8 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 85,572 homes for the Chicago metro divisions (including seven of the eight counties in the metro division). Household formation has slowed in recent years, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes are beginning to increase once again. Home values have begun to decrease at a slower pace, with an estimated home value decrease of 2.2% in 2012 from 2011, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Homeownership has declined, from 70.0% in 2005 to a trough of 66.9% as of September 30, 2012, rising only slightly to 67.5% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Chicago market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 13.6% more than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Chicago metropolitan division is $99.38 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Chicago metropolitan division median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and

 

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includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 17% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 151,957 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $26.3 billion in value (assuming the December 31, 2012 median sales price of $165,000 per home).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics. The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 7,343 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, Chicago added an estimated 13,900 households, which is well off peak levels reached in the early 1990s. From 2008 through 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 48,500, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 21,325 annually from 2013 through 2016, which is lower than the average growth during the 1990s. By 2016, total permits in Chicago are expected to reach 18,000 units—the highest since 2007 in this market.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Chicago was 67.5%, which is down from 70.0% in 2005.

 

Homeownership Rate—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Chicago are decreasing less rapidly than in previous years. The Burns Home Value Index was down 2.2% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $165,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 13.6% more than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Chicago MSA are projected to show an average annual increase of 9.1% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Chicago, IL Metro Division

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents have increased in Chicago in early 2013 from 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 12.2% to 7.6% from 2010 to February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC. Vacancy rate represents entire Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA.

 

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Indiana Market (Indianapolis-Carmel, IN MSA: “Indianapolis”)

 

Indianapolis Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Indianapolis MSA had approximately 1.8 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the thirty-fourth-largest MSA in the United States by population. There are ten counties in the Indianapolis MSA. Indianapolis is projected to experience population growth of 1.3% from 2013-2016, which is slightly above the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Indianapolis, with 10,100 jobs added in the 12 months ended December 31, 2011 and 11,900 jobs added in the 12 months ended December 31, 2012. By comparison, the metro area lost a total of 45,200 jobs between 2008 and 2010. The unemployment rate has declined from 9.1% in 2010 to 8.0% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC assumes employment to grow by an average of 17,375 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 1.9%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Indianapolis has remained relatively flat, experiencing a 0.4% and 0.2% period over period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC assumes the median income in Indianapolis will increase to $53,297 by 2016, which is a 1.2% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Indianapolis Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Indianapolis is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $78 billion (approximately 762,000 homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey). Household formation is increasing once again, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes as of December 31, 2012 were at 4,895, reaching the trough annual level during this housing cycle in the Indianapolis MSA. Home values dropped modestly from 2003 to 2011, declining 15.0% from peak to trough annual values (according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index). The homeownership rate peaked as high as 79.0% in 2006, but has subsequently declined to 67.1% on average for 2012, rising slightly to 67.8% as of December 31, 2012.

 

We believe that there remains opportunity in the Indianapolis market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 20.4% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement /new construction cost estimate for the Indianapolis metro area is $80.77 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Indianapolis metro area median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 15% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees

 

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because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 27,172 homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $3.5 billion in value (assuming of the median sales price of $129,916 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The total annual permit issuance of single-family and multi-family permits reached what is expected to be the trough during 2012 in the Indianapolis metro area. Household growth in Indianapolis has increased from lows in 2010 to an estimated 8,900 households added in 2012. JBREC assumes that households will steadily increase from 10,700 households added in 2013 to 11,900 households added in 2016. Total permits are forecasted to reach 11,500 units in 2016, a level that is comparable to permit activity in 2006. Household formation is expected to outpace permit activity in the near term.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. The homeownership rate in the Indianapolis MSA declined from a peak of 79.0% in 2006 to 67.1% on average for 2012, rising slightly to 67.8% as of December 31, 2012.

 

Homeownership Rate - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home values in Indianapolis experienced a 1.5% increase in 2012 from 2011 after declining 15.0% from 2003 through 2011. The median resale price for a detached home was $129,916 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 20.4% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Indianapolis metro area are forecasted to rise at an average annual rate of 5.5% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index - Indianapolis, IN MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents are rising in the Indianapolis MSA, while the vacancy rate is declining. After peaking at 13.9% in 2010, the vacancy rate has decreased to 8.6% as of February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Nevada Market (Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA: “Las Vegas”)

 

Las Vegas Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Las Vegas metropolitan area, Clark County, had a population of 2.0 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is one of the fastest growing MSAs in the United States and is the thirtieth-largest MSA by population. Las Vegas’ primary economic drivers are tourism, leisure and lodging. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth was positive for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate, and household income has begun to rise. In addition, Las Vegas is projected to experience population growth of 3.0% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Las Vegas, but the recovery has been slow, with only 4,700 and 6,400 jobs added for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. This compares to approximately 124,400 jobs lost from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2010. The unemployment rate has declined from 14.1% in 2010 to 10.0% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 17,625 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.1%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Las Vegas has risen, experiencing a 1.3% and 1.0% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in Las Vegas to increase to $56,560 by 2016, which is a 1.9% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Las Vegas Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Las Vegas is estimated by the U.S. Census to be nearly $72 billion (approximately 800,000 homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 55,049 homes. In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Las Vegas housing market has begun to improve. Household formation has increased from its 2010 trough, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased. In addition, home values have begun to appreciate, with an estimated home value increase of 2.9% for 2012, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Despite this recovery, homeownership has declined, from its peak of 63.4% in 2004 to 51.1% as of September 30, 2012, increasing slightly to 52.8% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Las Vegas market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.3% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Las Vegas MSA is $87.14 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Las Vegas MSA median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 25% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the

 

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median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a large “shadow inventory” of approximately 32,422 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $4.7 billion in value (assuming the median single-family existing home sales of $145,000 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 7,379 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, Las Vegas added an estimated 10,600 households—more than the 6,700 household formations reached during the year ended December 31, 2011. From January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 8,100, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. JBREC assumes household growth will improve, growing by an average of 25,000 households annually from 2013 through 2016. Household formations are forecasted to outpace permit activity in the near term, but permits are expected to rise to 20,000 in 2016.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Las Vegas was 52.8%, which is down from a high of 63.4% in 2004.

 

Homeownership Rate—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Las Vegas are showing growth following several years of significant decline. The Burns Home Value Index was up an estimated 2.9% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $145,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.3% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Las Vegas MSA are projected to show an average annual increase of 14.3% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Las Vegas, NV MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents in Las Vegas appear to be leveling. Additionally, the vacancy rate had decreased from 14.4% in 2009 to 10.8% in 2011, and has risen to 12.6% as of February 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Texas Market (Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division: “Dallas”)

 

Dallas Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Dallas metropolitan division had approximately 4.3 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the fourth-largest MSA in the United States by population when combined with the neighboring Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metropolitan division (an additional 2.2 million people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey). There are eight counties in the Dallas metropolitan division. Dallas’ primary economic drivers are the financial services, technology and defense industries. The median household income has been rising since 2009 and, as of 2012, is at its highest level ever. In addition, Dallas is projected to experience population growth of 2.1% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Dallas, and the Dallas market has recovered all the jobs it lost during the recession. During the year ended December 31, 2009, Dallas lost 82,200 jobs, but Dallas has added 85,500 jobs from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 8.2% in 2010 to 5.9% as of December 31, 2012. The Dallas economy appears to be performing well compared to the overall U.S. economy, with robust job growth and an unemployment rate that is below the national average. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 55,500 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.5%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009, the median household income in Dallas has risen, experiencing a 3.2% and 2.0% period over period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. The median household income has surpassed 2008 levels and, as of 2012, was an estimated $60,200. JBREC anticipates the median income in Dallas to increase to $66,894 by 2016, which is a 2.7% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Dallas Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Dallas-Fort Worth is estimated by the U.S. Census and the National Association of Realtors to be $277 billion (approximately 2.5 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to the Texas A&M Real Estate Center and DataQuick, in 2012 of 85,627 homes (including 7 of the 12 counties for new home sales). The Dallas market, unlike many other markets in the United States, did not experience significant price appreciation and price correction in the last 10 years. Values have remained fairly constant, and housing fundamentals have been strong. Household formation is increasing once again, but permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes as of December 31, 2012 were at 25,395 (11,018 permits above the 2009 trough of just 14,377 homes) in the Dallas Metro Division. Home values over the past decade have remained fairly constant (compared to other markets) with only a 12.0% drop from peak to trough values (according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index). Homeownership has remained fairly constant over the past decade at approximately 62%, declining to 61.3% as of December 31, 2012.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Dallas market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 5.3% more than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement /new

 

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construction cost estimate for the Dallas Metro Division is $78.85 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Dallas Metro Division median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 20% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 43,597 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $7.8 billion in value (assuming of the median sales price of $179,100 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . Single-family and multi-family permit issuance has increased since the year ended December 31, 2009, driven primarily by growth of issuances of multi-family permits. Household growth in Dallas has remained fairly constant throughout the past 10 years. Since 2008, however, household formation has outpaced housing permits by approximately 11,800 households per year on average. The average household formation reported for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012 is 33,000 households per year, which is the highest since 2001. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 39,375 annually from 2013 through 2016, which is above historical growth levels (average of 27,000 since 1988). Total permits are expected to reach 37,000 units in 2016, a level that is comparable to permit activity in the mid-2000s.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Dallas was 61.3%, which is down from a high of 63.8% in 2010.

 

Homeownership Rate—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to the JBREC, home values in Dallas experienced a 0.9% decrease in 2012 from 2011. The median average resale price for a detached home was $179,100 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 5.3% more than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Dallas metro division are forecasted to rise at an average annual rate of 6.9% from 2013 to 2016, surpassing the previous peak values in 2014, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Dallas, TX Metro Division

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents increased in Dallas from 2011 to 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 13.5% to 9.7% from 2010 to February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC. Vacancy rate represents entire Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA.

 

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Texas Market (Houston, TX MSA: “Houston”)

 

Houston Economic Overview

 

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Houston MSA had nearly 6.1 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the sixth-largest MSA in the United States by population. There are ten counties in the Houston MSA. The median household income has been rising since 2010 and, as of 2011, had surpassed its highest level ever. In addition, Houston is projected to experience population growth of 1.9% from 2013-2016, which is above the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Houston, with 88,700 jobs added in the 12 months ended December 31, 2012. Between 2009 and 2010, the metro area lost a total of 73,400 jobs, and has added 153,700 jobs from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 8.5% in 2010 to 6.0% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC assumes employment to grow by an average of 79,625 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.8%.

 

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Houston, TX MSA

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009, the median household income in Houston has risen. With cumulative growth of 6.6% between 2010 and 2012, the median household income in 2012 had reached a new peak of $58,400. JBREC assumes the median income in Houston to increase to $63,091 by 2016, which is a 2.0% average annual increase.

 

Median Household Income—Houston, TX MSA

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

Houston Housing Market Overview

 

The total market size of housing stock in Houston is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $237 billion (approximately 2.3 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual resale home sales, according to the Texas A&M Real Estate Center, in 2012 of 68,491 homes. Household formation is solid, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes as of December 31, 2012 were at 43,450 in the Houston MSA, which is up from fewer than 28,000 permits in 2009 and in 2010. Home values dropped modestly in 2009, and very little in 2011, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. The homeownership rate peaked as high as 64.8% in 2008, but has subsequently declined to 60.4% as of December 31, 2012.

 

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Houston market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 15.3% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement /new construction cost estimate for the Houston metro area is $79.50 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Houston metro area median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 20% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer

 

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profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 56,820 homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $9.7 billion in value (assuming of the median sales price of $171,300 per home as of December 31, 2012).

 

Supply and Demand Dynamics . Single-family and multi-family permit issuance has increased since the year ended December 31, 2009, driven largely by growth of issuances of multi-family permits in 2011. However, single-family permits have risen as well. Household growth in Houston has hovered between 41,000 and 47,000 households added per year since 2008. JBREC assumes that households will steadily increase from 45,100 households added in 2013 to 51,000 households added in 2016. Total permits are expected to reach 68,000 units in 2016, a level that is significantly higher than the trough of this past housing cycle, but still short of the 2006 peak. Household formation is expected to lag permit activity in the near term.

 

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Houston, TX MSA

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. While the homeownership rate averaged 62.2% in 2012, as of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Houston was 60.4%, which is down from a high of 64.8% in 2008.

 

Homeownership Rate—Houston, TX MSA

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home values in Houston experienced a 2.9% increase in 2012 from 2011. The median resale price for a detached home was $171,300 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 15.3% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Houston metro area are forecasted to rise at an average annual rate of 5.1% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

 

Burns Home Value Index—Houston, TX MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

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Source: JBREC.

 

  (P)   JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents in Houston have showed continued increases from 2011. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 16.2% in 2009 to 11.6% as of February 28, 2013.

 

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Houston, TX MSA

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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OUR BUSINESS AND INVESTMENTS

 

Our Company

 

We are an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns and manages single-family homes as rental properties. In 2008, our founders, Stephen G. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Laurie A. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, identified a unique opportunity to acquire homes at distressed pricing and lease them at attractive rental rates. They subsequently began developing a vertically integrated platform to acquire and manage single-family homes on an institutional scale. We were formed to expand upon our founders’ vision, strategy and platform, through which, as of March 31, 2013, they have acquired 3,139 homes since 2008.

 

As of March 31, 2013, we owned 2,531 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas with an aggregate investment of $293.1 million, and we managed an additional 608 properties for Phoenix Fund in Arizona and Nevada. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have contracted to acquire 785 single-family homes for a total purchase price of approximately $84.5 million, of which 43 homes are in Arizona, 4 homes are in California, 66 homes are in Florida, 25 homes are in Georgia, 35 homes are in Illinois, 114 homes are in Indiana, 214 homes are in North Carolina, 9 homes are in South Carolina and 275 homes are in Texas. We actively evaluate new markets to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

Our primary business strategy is to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as well-maintained investment properties to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns over the long-term. We believe our founders’ four years of direct experience in the single-family rental sector provides us with the expertise to successfully execute our business strategy nationally to institutional standards. We have the infrastructure to acquire large numbers of properties through multiple acquisition channels. We source individual properties through auctions and brokers and portfolios of properties through brokerages or directly from operators, investors or banks, and, in the future, we may source assets from these channels and GSEs. We have the experience and resources necessary to restore homes to “rent-ready” condition in an efficient and cost-effective manner, to a standard that we believe appeals to our target tenants’ preferences, enabling us to attract qualified tenants and to provide a high level of service to retain our tenants. We believe that our vertically integrated acquisition and management platform is critical to executing our strategy.

 

In addition to our primary business strategy of acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family homes, we have a private mortgage financing strategy that generates attractive returns on invested capital and provides us access to acquisition opportunities and valuable market data. As of March 31, 2013, our private mortgage portfolio had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $25.3 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 12.1% per annum and a weighted-average remaining term of 146 days. We also owned an additional $1.2 million in long-term mortgage investments. Additionally, for the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we funded or committed to fund approximately $10.0 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will fund all of the loans that we have committed to fund.

 

Our History and Capitalization

 

In October 2008, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes co-founded ARP LLC, a private investment firm, to capitalize on the extraordinary price deterioration in the single-family housing sector following the collapse in the housing and mortgage industries. Using their own capital, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes began acquiring single-family homes with the intent of managing them as rental properties and developing a vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform. In February 2010, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes launched Phoenix Fund, a private investment fund formed to invest opportunistically in single-family homes as rental properties, which is now fully committed and has purchased 608 homes. We were formed in March 2012 to expand upon our founders’ vision, strategy and platform. As part of our formation transactions, we completed an

 

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initial private offering of our common stock in May 2012, raising gross proceeds of approximately $223.9 million, and acquired the proprietary, vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform developed by our founders. In December 2012, we raised an additional approximately $147.3 million of gross proceeds in a follow-on private offering of our common stock. In January 2013, we raised an additional approximately $0.8 million of gross proceeds in a direct private placement of our common stock.

 

We are in the process of deploying the net proceeds from the follow-on private offering and the private placement to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes and to provide short-term private mortgage financing in accordance with our business strategy.

 

Recent Events—Initial Public Offering

 

We are planning to sell shares of our common stock in the IPO, for net proceeds of approximately $         million, based on the midpoint of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO of $         to $        . We intend to use the net proceeds from the IPO to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes as rental properties, to provide short-term private mortgage financing secured by interests in single-family homes, repay amounts outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility and for general business purposes. None of our affiliates or employees will participate in the IPO as selling stockholders.

 

Our Competitive Strengths

 

Our company is differentiated from others in the market by the following strengths, which we believe provide us with a formidable competitive advantage to successfully execute our business strategy:

 

   

Pioneer in Institutionalizing the Single-Family Rental Sector . Our founders were early to recognize a unique opportunity to institutionalize ownership and management of the single-family rental sector. Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes successfully acted on this foresight by founding ARP LLC in 2008, launching Phoenix Fund in 2010 and forming our company in 2012. Through our company and Phoenix Fund, our founders have raised a total of approximately $416.1 million of equity capital and, as of March 31, 2013, acquired 3,139 homes. We believe that the expertise, experience and innovative thinking of our founders provide us the foundation necessary to successfully execute our business strategy with institutional quality on a national scale.

 

   

Proven Track Record Operating in the Single-Family Rental Sector . Our founders have over four years of direct experience acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family rental homes, which we believe is one of the longest track records of any large-scale operator in the single-family rental sector. Specifically, our founders have been instrumental in all activities related to the underwriting, acquisition, restoration, leasing and management of single-family homes. Given the scale, geographic dispersion and asset granularity necessary to successfully operate in the single-family rental sector, we believe our experience and established platform provide us with a meaningful competitive advantage.

 

   

Internally Managed Company with an Aligned Governance Structure . We believe that our internally managed structure aligns management and stockholder interests, avoiding the conflicts of interest and additional fees common in many externally managed companies . Additionally, we believe that we will achieve greater operational efficiencies and realize superior economies of scale as compared to externally managed companies, as our portfolio grows. By performing property management functions internally for our self-managed properties, we establish direct relationships with our tenants and have tighter control over the quality and the cost of restoration, ongoing tenant services and re-tenanting . In addition, we believe that we will benefit from the significant public REIT experience and other public company experience of our executive team and independent directors.

 

   

Scalable, Vertically Integrated Real Estate Acquisition and Management Platform . We have a scalable, institutional-quality real estate acquisition and management platform that we believe is one of

 

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the most established in the single-family rental sector. We believe our platform is critical to growing a high-volume acquisition business and achieving the national scale contemplated for our company. Our platform integrates proprietary processes and technology that support the functions necessary to grow and manage a large portfolio of single-family rental homes, including: property-sourcing research and analytics; property underwriting; property restoration evaluation, cost budgeting, workflow monitoring and quality control; prospective tenant credit underwriting; property leasing; and ongoing property management and tenant services.

 

   

Portfolio of Scale in Markets with Attractive Investment Characteristics . We invest in markets that we believe possess attractive housing and rental fundamentals. As of March 31, 2013, we had purchased 2,531 homes in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have contracted to acquire 785 single-family homes for a total purchase price of approximately $84.5 million, of which 43 homes are in Arizona, 4 homes are in California, 66 homes are in Florida, 25 homes are in Georgia, 35 homes are in Illinois, 114 homes are in Indiana, 214 homes are in North Carolina, 9 homes are in South Carolina and 275 homes are in Texas. We actively evaluate new markets to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties we have under contract.

 

   

Disciplined Investment Strategy and Key Strategic Relationships . We will seek to continue acquiring properties to create a substantial portfolio of appealing, affordable and well-managed single-family homes for rent. We focus on markets that we believe have strong near- and long-term supply and demand fundamentals for rental housing, and we focus on properties that we believe can be rented to qualified tenants at attractive yields. In addition, through our founders’ four years of “hands-on” experience in the single-family rental sector, we have a deep network of relationships with portfolio owner-operators across the country. Through these owner-operators, we have been able to source attractive portfolio acquisitions, and we believe they may provide us with additional attractive privately negotiated acquisition opportunities that in some cases may not be available to other market participants.

 

   

Demonstrated Ability to Access Institutional Debt and Equity Capital . We believe the ability to access and secure institutional capital is an increasingly important driver of success in the single-family rental sector, and our founders have demonstrated their ability to access and secure significant amounts of institutional debt and equity capital. For example, they secured for Phoenix Fund one of the first institutional asset-based debt financing facilities in the single-family rental sector, and we have obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. In addition, we have raised approximately $372.0 million in gross proceeds from diversified groups of institutional investors and others: approximately $223.9 million in gross proceeds in our initial private offering completed in May 2012, approximately $147.3 million in gross proceeds in our follow-on private offering completed in December 2012 and approximately $0.8 million in gross proceeds in a direct private placement completed in January 2013. We believe that our founders’ extensive capital-raising track record since 2009 and our senior officers’ strong institutional relationships will provide us access to significant amounts of capital, across a wide variety of sources and structures, and at attractive terms, to facilitate our growth.

 

   

Senior Management Team Depth and Experience . We believe the extensive single-family rental sector experience of our executive team coupled with their relationships and expertise in real estate, public and private capital markets, finance, information technology, systems development and operations will drive our business and growth. Both Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, have more than 30 years of experience originating, underwriting, financing, acquiring and

 

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managing various classes of commercial and residential real estate, as both intermediaries and principals, together completing more than $25 billion of commercial and residential real estate transactions. Mr. Schmitz was the Chief Investment Officer at Franchise Finance Corporation of America, or FFCA, then a publicly traded REIT and one of the nation’s largest provider of mortgage and sale- leaseback financing to the chain restaurant, convenience store and retail auto parts industries. As FFCA’s Chief Investment Officer, Mr. Schmitz was instrumental in developing and implementing the same type of high-volume, small-asset, process driven acquisition and management infrastructure that we use, overseeing more than $15 billion in transactions over 20 years, with annual originations in small ($1 million to $5 million) transactions growing to over $2.5 billion per year. Ms. Hawkes was President of U.S. Realty Advisors, a $3 billion real estate private equity firm from 2003 to 2007. Prior to joining U.S. Realty Advisors in 1995, Ms. Hawkes was an investment banker on Wall Street in the real estate and mortgage finance industries, including holding senior investment banking roles at Salomon Brothers Inc. and CS First Boston Corp. During her career, Ms. Hawkes has structured and negotiated over $16 billion of real estate acquisitions and securitized mortgage debt transactions for all property types, utilizing private equity, capital markets, financial institutions and institutional investors.

 

The other members of our management team possess extensive experience in various aspects of the real estate industry. Shant Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer, has over 17 years of experience, including experience as a chief financial officer and a senior executive of a publicly traded REIT. Andrew G. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, has over 22 years of experience, including senior management and legal roles at a publicly traded REIT, and has participated in the origination of several billion dollars in real estate and structured finance transactions. Lani B Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations, has spent over 17 years working on technology-oriented real estate solutions, particularly in the context of high-volume, small-asset business models.

 

Several members of our management team have worked together in the past. While at FFCA, Mr. Schmitz, Mr. Kent and Michelle D. Stewart, our Vice President, Transaction Management, worked together and conducted a large number of transactions with Ms. Hawkes while she was at U.S. Realty Advisors. Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter worked together at Hometown Commercial Capital, or Hometown, a commercial mortgage start-up that specialized in smaller balance commercial mortgage-backed securities, or CMBS, loan origination. Paul R. Ladd, III, our Vice President, National Field Operations and Quality Assurance, worked as a consultant for FFCA and with Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter at Hometown.

 

Our Business and Growth Strategies

 

Our primary objective is to be a leader in the creation and expansion of the single-family rental business as an institutional-quality asset class with national scale. We believe we can achieve this objective through the following strategies:

 

   

Active Property Management . We seek to ensure tenant satisfaction by providing high-quality service at our self-managed properties. Our internally managed and vertically integrated property management platform allows us to control all aspects of a rental home, including restoring a newly acquired home, actively supervising its leasing, maintaining property quality and opportunistically selling it when appropriate. Our founders have direct field experience with all aspects of the acquisition, restoration and management of single-family homes and provide “hands-on” oversight to all facets of our business. We believe that our ability to improve asset quality and tenant retention, increase our homes’ useful lives and decrease turnover costs is an important element of our business and is instrumental in driving stockholder returns.

 

   

Disciplined Acquisition Strategy and Expertise in Privately Negotiated Sourcing . We plan to continue acquiring high-quality, single-family homes in select submarkets that meet our disciplined market selection criteria, such as above-average median household incomes, well-regarded school districts and

 

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low crime levels. We believe these characteristics will attract creditworthy tenants, produce high rental rates and occupancy levels, help to generate long-term home price appreciation and provide our stockholders with attractive risk-adjusted returns.

 

We source acquisition opportunities through a variety of channels. We source individual property purchases through auction, short-sale, REO and traditional MLS processes. We source portfolios of leased and vacant properties through brokerages or directly from operators, investors or banks. Due to the depth of our industry knowledge, experience, relationships and position as a prominent industry operator, we believe we have access to investment opportunities that are “privately negotiated” and not available to other industry participants or capital providers.

 

In new markets, we sometimes acquire portfolios of leased properties from established and well-respected local operators who share our philosophy of intensive asset management and tenant service through our “preferred operator” program. In this program, we acquire portfolios of leased properties for which the operator retains day-to-day management responsibilities pursuant to a longer-term lease. In these arrangements, the operator is responsible for all property-related expenses and we receive payments from the operator that escalate over the term of the lease. As of March 31, 2013, 1,010 of our properties were leased to and managed by local operators through our preferred operator program.

 

   

Targeted Geographic Expansion . Our portfolio is diversified across several geographic markets, and we have properties under contract in several new markets. We continually monitor the markets in which we operate and evaluate new markets on an ongoing basis to identify investment opportunities that we believe can generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for our stockholders. Currently, we are evaluating markets in the following states for investment, each of which we believe meets our investment criteria: Colorado, Idaho, Kansas, Missouri, Oregon, Tennessee and Washington. We believe that our strategy to have and grow a geographically diverse investment portfolio provides us with the ability to expand our market presence where the supply and demand characteristics create the most compelling acquisition and rental opportunities. As further described under “Our Business and Investments—Investment Criteria for Market Selection,” we select our markets based a comprehensive set of investment criteria, including strength of rental demand and rates of job growth, population growth and unemployment.

 

   

Capitalize on an Industry Consolidation Opportunity . According to JBREC, as of February 2013, approximately 10.5% of the residential market was comprised of single-family rental housing, representing approximately 14.0 million homes. Historically, most of these single-family rental homes have been owned either by local “mom and pop” operators or, more recently, short-term, trade-oriented asset accumulators. Due to our extensive experience in the single-family rental sector and our vertically integrated, internally managed structure, together with the depth of our network of relationships and financial resources, we believe that we are well-positioned as an early-moving industry consolidator to capitalize on this opportunity.

 

   

Maintain Conservative Growth-Oriented Capital Structure . We believe that having a flexible and conservative capital structure provides us with an advantage over many of our competitors. We have obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. While we expect that debt will be an important component of our capital structure over time, we plan to maintain a conservative balance sheet to facilitate execution of our business strategy.

 

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Our Business Activities and Operations

 

Since we commenced investment activities in May 2012, we have acquired, restored, leased and operated a significant portfolio of single-family homes. As of March 31, 2013, we owned 2,531 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Nevada, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas.

 

States in Which We Own Single-Family Homes

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

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The following three tables present summary statistics of our single-family homes by MSA and metro division, as of March 31, 2013. The first table includes our entire portfolio of single-family homes. The second table includes only the single-family homes that we manage. The third table includes only the single-family homes that our preferred operators manage.

 

Total Portfolio of Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Aggregate
Investment
    Average
Investment  Per
Home (1)
    Percent
Leased (2)
    Average
Age (years)
    Average Size
(square feet)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    1,045      $ 135,307,596      $ 129,481        83     17        1,694   

Chicago, IL

    304      $ 39,756,816      $ 130,779        100     57        1,396   

Inland Empire, CA

    209      $ 36,060,024      $ 172,536        70     15        1,914   

Winston-Salem, NC

    136      $ 15,733,024      $ 115,684        82     11        1,327   

Indianapolis, IN

    265      $ 14,194,815      $ 53,565        95     57        1,199   

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    78      $ 12,381,876      $ 158,742        86     11        2,141   

Atlanta, GA

    169      $ 11,923,660      $ 70,554        95     20        1,515   

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

    82      $ 9,597,854      $ 117,047        28     36        1,336   

Las Vegas, NV

    63      $ 6,465,244      $ 102,623        94     14        1,533   

Fort Myers, FL

    138      $ 6,347,448      $ 45,996        100     9        1,126   

Houston, TX

    24      $ 2,867,232      $ 119,468        100     7        1,808   

Raleigh-Cary, NC

    6      $ 1,181,004      $ 196,834            13        2,347   

Charlotte, NC-SC

    11      $ 1,120,097      $ 101,827        100     6        1,859   

Charleston, SC

    1      $ 136,520      $ 136,520            7        1,360   
 

 

 

   

 

 

         

Total / Weighted Average

    2,531      $ 293,073,210      $ 115,793        86     25        1,563   
 

 

 

   

 

 

         

 

(1)   For self-managed homes, represents average purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) plus average capital expenditures. For preferred operator program homes, represents purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) paid by us for the portfolio divided by the number of homes in the portfolio and does not include past, expected or budgeted general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment. The preferred operator is obligated to pay for all taxes, insurance, other expenses and capital expenditures (including significant capital improvements) required for the management, operation and maintenance of the properties. Accordingly, absent a default by the preferred operator under a long-term lease agreement with us, we expect to incur no expenses related to properties under our preferred operator program, other than general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment.
(2)   Includes both self-managed homes and preferred operator program homes. We classify homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased, because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants. This does not mean that 100% of the homes leased to preferred operators are occupied by residential sub-tenants. If a preferred operator is unable to lease a material portion of the homes it leases from us to residential sub-tenants, it may adversely affect such operator’s ability to pay rent to us under the lease. We are also eligible to receive percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes.

 

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Portfolio of Self-Managed Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

                                                    Leased Homes  

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Average
Purchase
Price Per
Home (1)
    Average
Capital
Expenditures
Per Home (2)
    Average
Investment
Per Home (3)
    Aggregate
Investment
    Percentage
Leased
    Average
Age
(years)
    Average
Size
(square
feet)
    Average
Monthly
Rent Per
Leased
Home
    Annual
Average
Rent per
Leased
Home as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per Leased
Home (4)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    887      $ 138,686      $ 1,804      $ 140,490      $ 124,614,630        80     11.2        1,775      $ 1,032        8.9

Inland Empire, CA

    209      $ 155,931      $ 16,605      $ 172,536      $ 36,060,024        70     15.4        1,914      $ 1,393        9.8

Winston-Salem, NC

    136      $ 115,619      $ 65      $ 115,684      $ 15,733,024        82     11.0        1,327      $ 1,076        11.3

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    78      $ 157,904      $ 838      $ 158,742      $ 12,381,876        86     11.3        2,141      $ 1,505        11.3

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

    82      $ 107,776      $ 9,271      $ 117,047      $ 9,597,854        28     35.6        1,336      $ 1,215        10.5

Las Vegas, NV

    50      $ 103,084      $ 9,012      $ 112,096      $ 5,604,800        92     6.7        1,620      $ 1,052        11.4

Houston, TX

    24      $ 119,372      $ 96      $ 119,468      $ 2,867,232        100     6.8        1,808      $ 1,213        12.2

Indianapolis, IN

    20      $ 101,500      $ 65      $ 101,565      $ 2,031,300        40     7.8        1,480      $ 1,047        13.4

Atlanta, GA

    28      $ 66,659      $ 2,174      $ 68,833      $ 1,927,324        68     26.0        1,429      $ 884        15.1

Raleigh-Cary, NC

    6      $ 196,536      $ 298      $ 196,834      $ 1,181,004            13.3        2,347      $ —         

Charleston, SC

    1      $ 136,455      $ 65      $ 136,520      $ 136,520            7.3        1,360      $ —         
 

 

 

         

 

 

           

Total /Weighted Average

    1,521      $ 135,249      $ 4,222      $ 139,471      $ 212,135,588        76     13.1        1,736      $ 1,115        9.6
 

 

 

         

 

 

           

 

(1)   Average purchase price includes broker commissions and closing costs.
(2)   Represents average capital expenditures per home as of March 31, 2013. Does not include additional expected or future capital expenditures.
(3)   Represents average purchase price plus average capital expenditures.
(4)   Represents annualized average monthly rent per leased home as a percentage of our average investment (average purchase price per home plus average capital expenditures) per leased home. Does not include a provision for payment of ongoing property expenses (such as insurance, taxes, HOA fees and maintenance) or an allocation of our general and administrative expense, all of which materially impact our results. Accordingly, it should not be interpreted as a measure of profitability, and its utility in evaluating our business is limited. Average monthly rent for leased homes may not be indicative of average rents we may achieve on our vacant homes.

 

Portfolio of Preferred Operator Program Single-Family Homes—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

MSA / Metro Division

  Number of
Homes
    Average
Investment
Per

Home (1)
    Aggregate
Investment
    Percent
Leased (2)
    Average
Age
(years)
    Average
Size
(square
feet)
    Average
Monthly
Rent
Per Home
Paid by
Preferred
Operator
to Us (3)
    Annual
Rent as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per
Home (4)
 

Chicago, IL

    304      $ 130,779      $ 39,756,816        100     57        1,396      $ 781        7.2

Indianapolis, IN

    245      $ 49,647      $ 12,163,515        100     62        1,176      $ 372        9.0

Phoenix, AZ

    158      $ 67,677      $ 10,692,966        100     47        1,239      $ 451        8.0

Atlanta, GA

    141      $ 70,896      $ 9,996,336        100     19        1,532      $ 473        8.0

Fort Myers, FL

    138      $ 45,996      $ 6,347,448        100     9        1,126      $ 307        8.0

Charlotte, NC-SC

 

 

11

  

 

$

101,827

  

 

$

1,120,097

  

 

 

100

 

 

6

  

 

 

1,859

  

 

$

636

  

 

 

7.5

Las Vegas, NV

    13      $ 66,188      $ 860,444        100     42        1,198      $ 441        8.0
 

 

 

     

 

 

           

Total /Weighted Average

    1,010      $ 80,136      $ 80,937,622        100     44        1,303      $ 516        7.7
 

 

 

     

 

 

           

 

(1)  

Represents purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) paid by us for the portfolio divided by the number of homes in the portfolio and does not include past, expected or budgeted general and administrative

 

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  expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment. The preferred operator is obligated to pay for all taxes, insurance, other expenses and capital expenditures (including significant capital improvements) required for the management, operation and maintenance of the properties. Accordingly, absent a default by the preferred operator under a long-term lease agreement with us, we expect to incur no expenses related to properties under our preferred operator program, other than general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment.
(2)   We classify homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased, because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants. This does not mean that 100% of the homes leased to preferred operators are occupied by residential sub-tenants. If a preferred operator is unable to lease a material portion of the homes it leases from us to residential sub-tenants, it may adversely affect such operator’s ability to pay rent to us under the lease. We are also eligible to receive percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes.
(3)   Represents the initial annual base rent payable to us by the preferred operate pursuant to the portfolio lease divided by 12 and then divided by the number of homes included in the lease. Does not include percentage rents we are also eligible to receive in addition to base rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. The percentage rents we are eligible to receive fluctuate based on both the occupancy rates of the underlying homes and the rental rates paid by the residential sub-tenants.
(4)   Represents annualized average monthly rent paid by preferred operator to us as a percentage of our average investment per home.

 

The following charts present our homes as of March 31, 2013 by purchase price and by square footage.

 

LOGO    LOGO

 

Stabilized Properties

 

When we acquire a property that is not leased, we must possess, restore, market and lease the property before it becomes a revenue generating asset. We refer to this process as property stabilization. Based on our founders’ prior experience, we anticipate that, on average, the stabilization period for each non-leased property will range from 90 to 180 days, depending on factors such as the channel through which the property was acquired, the age and condition of the property and whether the property was vacant when we acquired it. Similarly, the time to market and lease a property is driven by local demand, our marketing techniques and the size of our available inventory. Consequently, we expect that most properties that were not leased at the time of acquisition should be stabilized within six months thereafter and that properties owned for more than six months provide the best indication of how our portfolio will perform over the long-term. As of March 31, 2013, we had owned 729 properties for six months or longer, 82% of which were leased (classifying 138 homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants).

 

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The following table presents summary statistics of our portfolio of self-managed single-family homes we owned for at least six months as of March 31, 2013.

 

Portfolio of Self-Managed Properties Owned for Six Months or Longer—Summary Statistics

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

                                              Leased Homes  

MSA / Metro Division

  Number
of Homes
    Average
Purchase
Price Per
Home (1)
    Average
Capital
Expenditure
Per Home (2)
    Average
Investment
Per
Home (3)
    Homes
Leased
    Homes
Vacant (4)
    Percentage
Leased
    Average
Monthly
Rent
Per
Leased
Home
    Annual
Average
Rent Per
Leased
Home as a
Percentage
of Average
Investment
Per Leased
Home (5)
 

Phoenix, AZ

    327      $ 124,923      $ 2,007      $ 126,930        281        46        86   $ 979        9.4

Inland Empire, CA

    193      $ 158,136      $ 16,834      $ 174,970        136        57        71   $ 1,403        9.8

Las Vegas, NV

    34      $ 100,374      $ 8,100      $ 108,474        33        1        97   $ 1,019        11.3

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

    32      $ 102,837      $ 12,198      $ 115,035        6        26        19   $ 1,285        12.3

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

    5      $ 173,024      $ 2,312      $ 175,336        5               100   $ 1,725        11.8
 

 

 

         

 

 

   

 

 

       

Total / Weighted Average

    591      $ 133,568      $ 7,754      $ 141,322        461        130        78   $ 1,119        9.7
 

 

 

         

 

 

   

 

 

       

 

(1)   Average purchase price includes broker commissions and closing costs.
(2)   Represents average capital expenditures per home as of March 31, 2013. Does not include additional expected or future capital expenditures.
(3)   Represents average purchase price plus average capital expenditures.
(4)   As of March 31, 2013, 87 homes were available for rent, 36 homes were undergoing renovation and seven homes had unauthorized occupants.
(5)   Represents annualized average monthly rent per leased home as a percentage of our average investment (average purchase price per home plus average capital expenditures) per leased home. Does not include a provision for payment of ongoing property expenses (such as insurance, taxes, HOA fees and maintenance) or an allocation of our general and administrative expense, all of which materially impact our results. Accordingly, it should not be interpreted as a measure of profitability, and its utility in evaluating our business is limited. Average monthly rent for leased homes may not be indicative of average rents we may achieve on our vacant homes.

 

Private Mortgage Portfolio

 

As a supplement to our primary business strategy of acquiring, restoring, leasing and managing single-family homes, we also have a private mortgage financing strategy that generates attractive returns on invested capital and provides us access to acquisition opportunities and valuable market data. Private mortgage financings are generally secured by first mortgage liens on single-family homes and are generally structured as interest only notes with short-term balloon maturities. Proceeds from these loans generally are used to finance the acquisition of homes for short-term resale or to provide temporary financing to investors who intend to refinance their acquisition of homes with longer term bank financing. As of March 31, 2013, our private mortgage portfolio had an aggregate outstanding principal balance of $25.3 million, a weighted-average interest rate of 12.1% per annum and a weighted-average remaining term of 146 days. We also owned an additional $1.2 million in long-term mortgage investments. To date, the properties securing the mortgage loans we have funded have been in Arizona, California and Nevada. Additionally, for the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we funded or committed to fund approximately $10.0 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will fund all of the loans that we have committed to fund.

 

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Acquisition Activity

 

We have aggressively grown our portfolio of single-family homes and our portfolio of private mortgage loans in a disciplined manner and intend to continue to do so. The following chart and table illustrate our monthly acquisition activity for the period from June 1, 2012 through March 31, 2013.

 

Acquisition Activity

(June 1, 2012 through March 31, 2013)

 

LOGO

 

Note:   Items marked “(LHS)” in graph above are measured against the left-hand-side vertical axis, and items marked “(RHS)” are measured against the right-hand-side vertical axis.

 

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Table of Contents

Home Acquisitions By Month

(as of March 31, 2013)

 

     June
2012
     July
2012
     August
2012
     September
2012
     October
2012
     November
2012
     December
2012
     January
2013
     February
2013
     March
2013
     Total/
Weighted
Average (2)
 

Phoenix, AZ

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

     57         16         206         48         44         13         454         8         11         30         887   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                     77         42         22         5         12                 158   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $ 7,297       $ 2,649       $ 25,511       $ 6,049       $ 10,223       $ 4,503       $ 71,519       $ 1,349       $ 2,250       $ 3,958       $ 135,308   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

   $ 128.0       $ 165.6       $ 123.8       $ 126.0       $ 84.5       $ 81.9       $ 150.2       $ 103.8       $ 97.8       $ 131.9       $ 129.5   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

     1,386         1,972         1,682         1,893         1,310         1,338         1,854         1,436         1,373         1,900         1,694   

Chicago, IL

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                                       

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                     204                         100         304   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 27,576       $       $       $ 12,181       $ 39,757   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                   $ 135.2                       $ 121.8       $ 130.8   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                     1,379                         1,432         1,396   

Inland Empire, CA

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

     12         38         77         66         15         1                                         209   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $ 2,339       $ 6,979       $ 13,032       $ 11,419       $ 2,194       $ 97       $       $       $       $       $ 36,060   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

   $ 194.9       $ 183.7       $ 169.3       $ 173.0       $ 146.2       $ 96.9                                       $ 172.5   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

     2,089         1,999         1,846         1,971         1,696         1,285                                         1,914   

Winston-Salem, NC

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                     114         22         136   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 13,651       $ 2,082       $ 15,733   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                                   $ 119.7       $ 94.7       $ 115.7   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                                     1,306         1,434         1,327   

Indianapolis, IN

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                             20         20   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                             72         75         98         245   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 3,565       $ 3,616       $ 7,014       $ 14,195   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                           $ 49.5       $ 48.2       $ 59.4       $ 53.6   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                             1,103         1,142         1,295         1,199   

 

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Table of Contents
     June
2012
     July
2012
     August
2012
     September
2012
     October
2012
     November
2012
     December
2012
     January
2013
     February
2013
     March
2013
     Total/
Weighted
Average (2)
 

Dallas-Fort Worth, TX

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

             1         3         1         5         3         30         6         25         4         78   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $ 183       $ 551       $ 143       $ 841       $ 528       $ 3,828       $ 933       $ 4,783       $ 592       $ 12,382   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

           $ 182.9       $ 183.8       $ 142.5       $ 168.3       $ 176.0       $ 127.6       $ 155.5       $ 191.3       $ 148.0       $ 158.7   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

             1,937         2,334         1,761         2,333         2,878         1,978         2,053         2,256         1,978         2,141   

Atlanta, GA

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                             1         12         1         10         4         28   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                             14         46         39         8         34         141   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $ 996       $ 4,294       $ 2,435       $ 1,458       $ 2,741       $ 11,924   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                           $ 66.4       $ 74.0       $ 60.9       $ 81.0       $ 72.1       $ 70.6   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                             1,404         1,549         1,505         1,707         1,424         1,515   

Other-California (non-Inland Empire)

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

             4         18         10         27         14         9                                 82   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $ 463       $ 2,116       $ 1,102       $ 3,147       $ 1,794       $ 976       $       $       $       $ 9,598   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

           $ 115.7       $ 117.5       $ 110.2       $ 116.6       $ 128.1       $ 108.4                               $ 117.0   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

             1,424         1,435         1,220         1,243         1,354         1,474                                 1,336   

Las Vegas, NV

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

     1         2         27         4         5         3         1         4         1         2         50   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                             4                         9                 13   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $ 139       $ 219       $ 2,902       $ 428       $ 641       $ 581       $ 110       $ 443       $ 734       $ 268       $ 6,465   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

   $ 139.4       $ 109.4       $ 107.5       $ 107.0       $ 128.1       $ 82.9       $ 110.3       $ 110.9       $ 73.4       $ 134.1       $ 102.6   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

     2,151         1,416         1,591         1,587         1,774         1,395         1,322         1,595         1,233         1,791         1,533   

Fort Myers, FL

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                                       

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                             138                                                         138   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $ 6,347       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 6,347   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                           $ 46.0                                                       $ 46.0   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                             1,126                                                         1,126   

 

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     June
2012
     July
2012
     August
2012
     September
2012
     October
2012
     November
2012
     December
2012
     January
2013
     February
2013
     March
2013
     Total/
Weighted
Average (2)
 

Houston, TX

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                             24         24   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 2,867       $ 2,867   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                                           $ 119.5       $ 119.5   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                                             1,808         1,808   

Raleigh-Cary, NC

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                             6         6   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 1,181       $ 1,181   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                                           $ 196.8       $ 196.8   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                                             2,347         2,347   

Charlotte, NC-SC

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                                       

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                             7                 4         11   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 756       $       $ 364       $ 1,120   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                           $ 108.0               $ 91.0       $ 101.8   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                             1,979                 1,650         1,859   

Charleston, SC

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

                                                                             1         1   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                                                                                       

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $       $ 136       $ 136   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

                                                                           $ 136.5       $ 136.5   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

                                                                             1,360         1,360   

TOTAL PORTFOLIO

  

Number of Homes Acquired—Self-Managed

     70         61         331         129         96         35         506         19         161         113         1,521   

Number of Homes Acquired—Preferred Operator Program

                             138         77         60         272         123         104         236         1,010   

Aggregate Investment ($000) (1)

   $ 9,775       $ 10,493       $ 44,112       $ 25,488       $ 17,046       $ 8,499       $ 108,303       $ 9,481       $ 26,492       $ 33,384         293,073   

Average Investment per Home ($000)

   $ 139.6       $ 172.0       $ 133.3       $ 95.5       $ 98.5       $ 89.4       $ 139.2       $ 66.8       $ 100.0       $ 95.7       $ 115.8   

Average Size per Home (square feet)

     1,517         1,934         1,705         1,485         1,376         1,403         1,706         1,344         1,380         1,477         1,563   

 

(1)   Represents purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) plus capital expenditures for self-managed homes plus the purchase price (including broker commissions and closing costs) paid by us for homes in the preferred operator program.
(2)   May not sum horizontally due to rounding.

 

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Our Investment Process

 

We have a scalable real estate acquisition and management platform that we believe is among the most advanced in the single-family rental sector. Our founders began developing our platform in 2008, and the platform has been expanded and refined based upon actual operating experience over the past four years. Our platform integrates proprietary processes and technology that support the functions necessary for the acquisition and management of single-family homes on an institutional scale. We use our proven technology to identify attractive markets and investments and to restore and manage our properties.

 

Investment Criteria for Market Selection

 

Our acquisition strategy is based upon extensive market research. Notwithstanding the large number of homeowners experiencing financial distress, not all regions of the country offer attractive investment opportunities. When identifying desirable markets, we focus on factors such as the magnitude of housing price declines, strength of rental demand and rates of job growth, population growth and unemployment. We use data from a variety of sources and evaluate macroeconomic and microeconomic inputs (including housing market, demographic and economic data). Within markets that meet our selection criteria, we seek to identify the submarkets, subdivisions and neighborhoods that offer the most attractive mix of housing prices, rental demand and rental rates, which are often characterized by good access to transportation networks and employment centers, good schools and low levels of crime.

 

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The following table provides housing, demographic and economic data for our primary markets.

 

    Phoenix,
AZ (9)
    Inland
Empire,
CA (10)
    Atlanta,
GA (11)
    Chicago,
IL (12)
    Indianapolis,
IN (13)
    Las
Vegas,
NV (14)
    Dallas-Fort
Worth,
TX (15)
    Houston,
TX (16)
    U.S.
Average
 

Housing Data

 

Total Housing Units (1)

    1,813,074        1,509,320        2,169,873        3,797,411        762,101        848,156        2,532,937        2,344,060        132,316,248   

Median SF Resale Home Price (Dec. 2012) (2)

  $ 163,000      $ 210,000      $ 101,536      $ 165,000      $ 131,123      $ 145,000      $ 179,100      $ 171,200      $ 180,300   

% Change in Home Price since Dec. 2011 (2)

    30.4     23.5     13.3     2.5     6.4     23.0     11.7     6.9     10.9

Total Market Value (3)

  $ 203 billion      $ 205 billion      $ 259 billion      $ 604 billion      $ 78 billion      $ 72 billion      $ 277 billion      $ 237 billion      $ 17 trillion   

Number of Homes Sold (4)

                 

2012

    110,823        70,731        84,788        85,572        31,057        55,049        85,627        87,649        5,027,000   

2011

    105,743        68,915        71,026        66,649        28,416        55,518        72,282        74,134        4,566,000   

2010

    97,333        74,644        75,426        67,420        28,097        52,334        72,008        72,589        4,513,000   

2009

    103,591        86,670        84,219        65,548        30,200        55,950        79,810        80,239        4,715,000   

Single- and Multi-Family Residential Rental Vacancy Rates Combined (Dec. 2012) (5)

    11.0     7.0     12.8     9.8     11.2     15.3     11.3     10.1     8.7

Median Gross Rent (1)

  $ 893      $ 1,076      $ 914      $ 928      $ 764      $ 957      $ 863      $ 849      $ 871   

% of Housing Units occupied by renters (1)

    37.4     35.7     35.7     34.5     33.8     46.4     38.9     38.4     35.4

Demographic and Economic Data

 

Population (Total MSA) (1)

    4,263,236        4,304,997        5,365,726        9,504,024        1,777,684        1,969,975        6,526,566        6,086,895        311,591,919   

Projected Population Growth (2013-2016) (6)

    2.6     1.2     1.9     0.4     1.9     3.0     2.1     1.9     1.0

Total Households (1)

    1,529,943        1,294,496        1,896,087        3,403,363        674,976        696,834        2,300,151        2,067,012        114,991,725   

Median Household Income (7)

  $ 52,663      $ 54,194      $ 56,145      $ 57,701      $ 50,915      $ 52,917      $ 60,942      $ 59,106      $ 50,502   

Unemployment Rate (Dec. 2012) (8)

    6.7     10.9     8.4     8.6     8.0     10.0     5.9     6.0     7.6

 

(1)   Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey.
(2)   Sources: Moody’s Analytics (Atlanta), Texas A&M Real Estate Center (Dallas metro division only; includes attached homes), DataQuick (Inland Empire, Las Vegas, Phoenix, Chicago metro division), National Association of Realtors (U.S. Average) (December 2012).
(3)   Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey.
(4)   Sources: DataQuick (Atlanta, Chicago, Dallas-Fort Worth new home sales, Houston new home sales, Inland Empire, Indianapolis, Las Vegas, Phoenix), Texas A&M Real Estate Center (Dallas-Fort Worth, Houston existing home sales), National Association of Realtors, U.S. Census Bureau (U.S. Average).
(5)   Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Housing Vacancy Survey.
(6)   Sources: Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.
(7)   Source: Moody’s Analytics (October 2012).
(8)   Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics U.S. Census MSAs.
(9)   U.S. Census MSAs: Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA.
(10)   U.S. Census MSAs: Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA.
(11)   U.S. Census MSAs: Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA. Home sales activity may have limited geographic coverage.
(12)   U.S. Census MSAs: Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL MSA. Home sales activity and median resale price shown for 7 of 8 counties in the Chicago metro division.
(13)   U.S. Census MSAs: Indianapolis-Carmel, IN MSA. Only existing home sales are shown. Home sales activity may have limited geographic coverage.
(14)   U.S. Census MSAs: Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA.
(15)   U.S. Census MSAs: Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA. Home sales activity includes new home sales for 7 of 12 counties in the combined Dallas and Fort Worth metro divisions.
(16)   U.S. Census MSAs: Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA. Home sales activity includes new home sales for 4 of the 10 counties in the MSA.

 

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Despite increases in the supply of rental housing, single-family rental vacancy rates have declined in several of our markets.

 

Rental Vacancy Rates for Certain Major Markets

(Single- and Multi-Family Residential Combined)

 

LOGO

 

Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

Acquisitions

 

Our proprietary acquisition model combines conservative acquisition criteria, multiple sourcing channels, rigorous screening and underwriting, and efficient closing processes.

 

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Conservative Acquisition Criteria

 

Our acquisition platform benefits from over four years of acquiring, renovating, leasing and managing single-family rental homes and rapidly accommodates adjustments to our acquisition strategies, underwriting criteria and processes to account for the latest information collected and institutional knowledge of our markets. Having significant presence in the markets in which we invest allows us to draw upon substantial institutional knowledge when identifying acquisition targets that we believe have the greatest potential for premium rental rates and long-term capital appreciation and allows us to quickly and efficiently evaluate potential acquisitions, regardless of the acquisition channel from which they were sourced.

 

Market Segment

 

•   Entry-level homes

•   Affordability metrics

Location

 

•   Proximity to employment centers, quality school systems and lifestyle amenities, such as shopping centers, healthcare facilities and parks

•   Access to transportation routes/public transit

•   In master planned communities with HOAs

•   Price reduction for “significant detriments to value” (e.g., presence of power lines and proximity to commercial sites or vacant lots)

Property Attributes

 

•   Square footage and structure (i.e., one versus two-story properties)

•   Lot size

•   Number of bedrooms and bathrooms (target 3 to 4 bedrooms)

•   Additional amenities (e.g., granite, tile, builder upgrades)

Construction

 

•   Prefer post-1990 construction with known builders

•   Favor homes built at height of “easy credit” cycle in 2004 to 2006, which often include desirable amenities and builder upgrades

•   Older homes with compelling economics and desirable locations

Property Condition

 

•   Generally target “restoration light” properties (e.g., paint, appliance replacement, deep cleaning, pruning and minor landscaping) and “restoration moderate” properties (e.g., carpet replacement and new air conditioner)

Pricing

 

•   Significant discount to replacement cost

•   Above median condition properties at or below median prices

 

Multiple Sourcing Channels

 

Auction Purchases . We acquire properties in auctions. Properties become available at auction when a lien holder forecloses on the lien. The property is then sold at auction, either by a court or trustee, in order to satisfy the debt owed to the lien holder. Auction processes vary significantly between jurisdictions driven by differences in state and local laws. The successful evaluation and purchase of properties at auction requires experience in evaluating the opportunity and the ability to be flexible and disciplined in the bidding process. Our significant presence in the markets in which we invest provides us with substantial institutional knowledge from which to draw upon when completing diligence and making investment decisions under the short-time frames required and permitted in the auction process. We have the added benefit of our ability to reference true “comparable” properties that we already own in numerous sub-divisions within our markets, often with numerous existing properties in the specific neighborhoods or sub-markets in which the acquisition targets are located.

 

Broker Purchases, Including REO and Short Sales . We acquire properties through direct contracts with various property owners. Most of the single property purchases made outside of the auction channel involve sales of REO property or short sales listed through a broker or a local MLS. REO refers to real estate owned by financial institutions or GSEs that they acquired by foreclosing on a mortgage or deed of trust and successfully bidding for the property at the ensuing foreclosure auction. Short sales refer to properties sold by the homeowner for an amount less than the amount owed to lenders with a lien on the property. Because the purchase price will not satisfy the amounts owed, short sales require lender consent. We regularly assess a significant number of listed properties and make offers on many such properties, which requires a substantial amount of experience and infrastructure and is fully supported by our proprietary technology.

 

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Portfolio Purchases . We acquire properties via portfolio purchases sourced from our network of relationships, which include financial institutions and other property owners, and through our “preferred operator program.” We acquire from other property owners (typically smaller investors or aggregators) portfolios of single-family rental homes ranging in size from several homes to several hundred homes. Generally, homes acquired in a portfolio purchase were aggregated by the seller over the last few years via auction, REO or short sale, were partially or fully renovated shortly after their acquisition by the seller and were subsequently leased to tenants. At the time we acquire them, portfolio purchases are generally 70% to 85% leased to existing tenants under short-term leases that typically have original terms of approximately one year. We believe portfolio acquisitions provide us with an efficient means to acquire larger numbers of properties that require less near-term restoration to prepare the homes for lease to tenants, and to the extent they are already leased, provide an in-place rental stream to ease the integration of the acquired assets into our operating platform. In markets where we already own homes, we believe our experience allows us to evaluate and acquire portfolios more quickly and accurately than competitors with less operational experience. From March 30, 2012 (inception) through March 31, 2013, we purchased 64 portfolios having an aggregate of 2,106 single-family homes.

 

Through our preferred operator program, we acquire portfolios from established and well-respected operators who share our philosophy of intensive asset management and tenant service. In this program, we acquire portfolios of leased properties for which the operator retains day-to-day management responsibilities pursuant to a lease. In these arrangements, the operator is responsible for all property expenses and we receive payments from the operator that escalate over the term of the agreement. We believe this structure incentivizes our preferred operators to operate an efficient and well maintained portfolio. At the same time, the structure offers us a cost-effective way to enter new markets in scale with minimal incremental overhead expense and the opportunity to earn attractive returns on our capital. Due to our founders’ tenure and reputation in the industry, we believe that we will have access to numerous operators and may be able to acquire portfolios in privately negotiated transactions that will not be available to others. When structuring preferred operator transactions, we look for portfolios that meet our underwriting standards, as well as operators who share our operating philosophy.

 

Under the preferred operator program leases, we earn a fixed annual base rent paid monthly, with contractual minimum annual rent increases on each anniversary of the lease commencement date. The initial annual base rent is established as a percentage of the acquisition price for the underlying homes. We also earn percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. The percentage rents we earn fluctuate based on both the occupancy rates of the underlying homes and the rental rates paid by the residential sub-tenants. The preferred operator is obligated to pay for all taxes, insurance, other expenses and capital expenditures (including significant capital improvements) required for the management, operation and maintenance of the properties. Accordingly, absent a default by the preferred operator under a long-term lease agreement with us, we expect to incur no expenses related to properties under our preferred operator program, other than general and administrative expenses associated with ongoing monitoring activities of our investment. We are obligated to pay the preferred operator, as a lease termination payment, a portion of the net proceeds in excess of our initial purchase price if we sell a property that it operates during the lease term. We are under no obligation to sell any properties during the lease term. We believe the preferred operator program motivates the preferred operators to operate the properties efficiently because incremental profit generated from property operations inures to their benefit under the lease agreements on a current basis, while the potential for sharing a portion of the gain upon sale of a property provides incentives to maintain the properties over the long-term.

 

Rigorous Screening and Underwriting

 

We have developed screening processes that we use to regularly evaluate large amounts of data relating to our markets, such as pricing trends and rental rates. These screening processes allow us to identify attractive opportunities within our multiple sourcing channels. Preliminary screening results are analyzed to determine where site visits are warranted for REO properties. In contrast, site visits for short-sale properties are conducted

 

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only after offers are accepted by the sellers and approved by lenders. For auction properties, we evaluate drive-by reports with photos before the auction. After satisfying our initial criteria, we analyze the “rent-to-improved cost” ratio (defined as the expected annual rent as a percentage of the property’s purchase price plus expected broker commissions, closing costs and restoration costs). We draw from various resources, including local MLS services, third-party brokerage relationships, paid information service listings and Internet searches, but most importantly from our substantial presence in the markets in which we invest, which gives us a unique view of achievable rents on a portfolio of existing single-family rental homes that we believe is broader than those of most of our competitors. Finally, individual properties are typically physically inspected before closing. When making a portfolio acquisition, we physically inspect a sampling of the properties before closing, with the size of the sampling determined on a case-by-case basis depending on various factors, such as quality attributes of the portfolio’s constituents.

 

Efficient Closing Processes

 

We have developed streamlined closing procedures that allow us to efficiently consummate large numbers of acquisitions. Upon acquisition, all properties are inspected to record their physical condition, and, where appropriate, our restoration team generates a work plan specifying the required level of restoration.

 

Restoration

 

Once an offer to purchase a property is accepted, a detailed assessment is completed with an on-site review to identify the scope of desired restoration. Beyond customary restoration, we identify improvements that we believe will optimize the property’s overall appeal and ability to generate premium rents. We will complete such improvements when we believe we can generate an appropriate return on our invested capital. As of March 31, 2013, our average restoration costs per property in Arizona, California and Nevada were $6,133, $14,222 and $11,606, respectively. We have performed an insufficient number of restorations in our other markets for our average restoration costs in those markets to be meaningful. Detailed work plans are distributed electronically to our restoration team, which solicits bids and establishes sequential work schedules, so that restoration can begin as soon as possible after closing in an effort to minimize the amount of time before a property can be rented and begin producing revenue. We oversee all restorations, including reviewing bids, managing the restoration process and maintaining quality control oversight. We have established relationships with many home improvement professionals, including contractors, electricians, plumbers, painters, HVAC specialists, locksmiths, carpet installers, landscapers and cleaning companies. Due to our scale, we have been able to negotiate discounted pricing in local markets with various suppliers of appliances, floor coverings, kitchen cabinetry, window treatments, replacement windows, lighting fixtures and plumbing supplies, among other items. Additionally, we are often able to negotiate discounted pricing with various home improvement professionals. We continuously seek to reduce costs, while we also constantly evaluate vendors and suppliers to ensure they are providing high-quality workmanship and materials.

 

Leasing

 

We establish rental rates based on local market conditions. Factors considered when establishing rents include, prevailing rental rates for comparable properties, weighing factors such as the size of the home, neighborhood characteristics and proximity to lifestyle amenities, such as schools, medical facilities and transportation. We use local leasing agents who interface with potential tenants and our internal leasing staff. Properties are marketed using a variety of methodologies, including yard signage, MLS and Internet-based marketing strategies.

 

Our leases with residential tenants are typically written with a term of one year, using standardized leases appropriate for each jurisdiction, and generally contain customary provisions applicable to that market. Security deposits for repair of the property and other customary conditions are typically required. We also enter into

 

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longer-term leases with preferred operators whom we believe share our operating philosophy and commitment to quality management. Under these arrangements, which typically have a term of five to ten years, the operator is responsible for all property-level expenses, including taxes, insurance, maintenance and other similar expenses.

 

The following four tables present: (i) for our portfolio of homes owned as of December 31, 2012, the leasing status of those homes as of the date of their purchase by us and as of December 31, 2012; and (ii) for our portfolio of homes owned as of March 31, 2013, the leasing status of those homes as of the date of their purchase by us and as of March 31, 2013. The four charts present that same information in graphical form.

 

Leasing Status at Purchase

   

Leasing Status at December 31, 2012

 

Home Status

   Number
of
Homes
     Percentage
of Homes
   

Home Status

   Number
of
Homes
     Percentage
of Homes
 

Leased—Self Managed

     653         37  

Leased—Self Managed

     803         45

Leased—Preferred Operator Program (1)

     547         31  

Leased—Preferred Operator Program (1)

     547         31

Vacant

     575         32  

Ready-for-Lease (2)

     272         16
  

 

 

    

 

 

         

Total

     1,775         100  

Under Restoration (3)

     112         6
  

 

 

    

 

 

         
       

Occupied—No Lease (4)

     41         2
          

 

 

    

 

 

 
        Total      1,775         100
          

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

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68% Leased   

76% Leased

 

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Leasing Status at Purchase

   

Leasing Status at March 31, 2013

 

Home Status

   Number
of
Homes
     Percentage
of Homes
   

Home Status

   Number
of
Homes
     Percentage
of Homes
 

Leased—Self Managed

     859         34  

Leased—Self Managed

     1,156         46

Leased—Preferred Operator Program (1)

     1,010         40  

Leased—Preferred Operator Program (1)

     1,010         40

Vacant

     662         26  

Ready-for-Lease (2)

     249         10
  

 

 

    

 

 

         

Total

     2,531         100  

Under Restoration (3)

     107         4
  

 

 

    

 

 

         
       

Occupied—No Lease (4)

     9        
          

 

 

    

 

 

 
        Total      2,531         100
          

 

 

    

 

 

 

 

LOGO

  

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74% Leased   

86% Leased

 

(1)   We classify homes in our preferred operator program as 100% leased, because each preferred operator is obligated to pay us 100% of the base rent specified in the applicable lease irrespective of whether or not the homes are occupied by residential sub-tenants. This does not mean that 100% of the homes leased to preferred operators are occupied by residential sub-tenants. If a preferred operator is unable to lease a material portion of the homes it leases from us to residential sub-tenants, it may adversely affect such operator’s ability to pay rent to us under the lease. We are also eligible to receive percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of gross revenue that the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes.
(2)   Homes that have been restored and are available for lease.
(3)   Homes undergoing restoration.
(4)   Homes that are wrongfully occupied by a non-rent paying occupant.

 

Rigorous tenant underwriting is critical in our effort to lease our self-managed properties to creditworthy tenants that we believe are likely to maintain their residence and be good neighbors. We evaluate prospective tenants based on guidelines established by our founders and review financial data and metrics, such as household income, tenure at current job, rent as a percentage of household income and income-to-rent ratio. We also review non-financial factors, such as household size, number of children and rental history. In addition, when underwriting prospective tenants, we typically conduct a tenant credit check and criminal background checks for all proposed occupants over the age of 18. We rely on information submitted by prospective tenants in rental applications to evaluate household income. We also seek tenants with household income that exceeds the median household income of the market in which the property is located.

 

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The following table presents certain aggregate financial and demographic characteristics of our tenants, as of December 31, 2012.

 

Tenant Profile at Self-Managed Properties Based on Rental Applications (1)

(As of December 31, 2012)

 

Tenant Profile

   Dallas-Fort
Worth, TX
     Inland
Empire,  CA
     Las
Vegas,  NV
     Phoenix,
AZ
     Average  

Average Household Income of Portfolio Tenants (2)

   $ 105,360       $ 78,074       $ 59,643       $ 63,938       $ 69,960   

Median Household Income of Portfolio Tenants (2)

   $ 111,600       $ 68,250       $ 53,400       $ 60,000       $ 60,000   

Median Household Income of Market (3)

   $ 60,845       $ 54,932       $ 53,441       $ 52,968       $ 55,547   

Average Years at Current Job (2)

     6.5         6.0         5.6         3.7         5.3   

Average Monthly Rent

   $ 1,730       $ 1,391       $ 1,047       $ 1,133       $ 1,231   

Median Home Price in Market (4)

   $ 163,000       $ 183,000       $ 130,700       $ 148,400       $ 158,900   

Rent as % of Household Income (5)

     19.7%         21.4%         21.1%         21.3%         21.1%   

Income to Rent Ratio (6)

     5.08         4.68         4.75         4.70         4.74   

Percentage of Households with Children (2)

     60%         76%         63%         50%         66%   

Median Number of Children (2)

     2         2         2         1         2   

Percentage of Households with Pets (2)

     50%         59%         25%         54%         45%   

 

(1)   Excludes properties that are either leased to third-party operators in our preferred operator program or properties that were acquired through a portfolio transaction for which we were not able to obtain such information.
(2)   Based upon information furnished to us by tenants in their rental applications at the time we initially entered into leases with them. Tenant information may, and often does, change after submission of a leasing application, and we do not obtain updated information from tenants. While we believe our tenant underwriting processes are robust, we cannot and do not verify all information contained in rental applications. No assurance can be given as to the accuracy of the information, including information regarding income, supplied to us by our tenants. Accordingly, while our management regularly evaluates the overall average credit characteristics of our portfolio based on these metrics, because of their inherent limitations, you should not place undue reliance on them. See “Risk Factors—We rely on information supplied by prospective tenants in managing our business.”
(3)   Sources: Moody’s Analytics (October 2012), 2011 American Community Survey.
(4)   Source: JBREC.
(5)   Equals monthly rent specified in the lease as a percentage of monthly household income as reported by tenant in its initial lease application.
(6)   Equals annual household income as reported by tenant in its initial lease application divided by annual rent specified in a signed lease.

 

Our Property Management Process

 

We have the infrastructure, systems and personnel to provide the continuum of property management services, including securing a property upon acquisition, coordinating with utility companies, controlling the restoration process, managing the leasing process, communicating with tenants, collecting rents, conducting periodic inspections, managing routine property maintenance and repair, paying sales taxes and HOA fees and interfacing with vendors and contractors.

 

We currently own properties in ten states, and we have a total of approximately 29 employees (26 in Arizona, one in Illinois, one in Maine and one in Texas) who perform property management functions. We are directing several hundred restoration and re-tenancy projects, supervising the efforts of general contractors and

 

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sub-contractors nationwide and managing HOA memberships and utility services of all of our self-managed properties. The following functions are performed internally by our employees with respect to our self-managed properties: communicate with and receive all general inquiries and maintenance requests from our tenants; coordinate, supervise, approve and monitor completion of required work with third-party vendors, including but not limited to electricians, general contractors, HVAC technicians, landscaping professionals and plumbers; coordinate and supervise periodic property inspections performed by a combination of internal employees and service providers; coordinate, bid, award, supervise, monitor and inspect restoration and re-tenancy projects performed by third party general contractors; establish and cancel utility services upon lease commencement or lease expiration; communicate, monitor, coordinate and comply with all HOAs of which we are a member. By performing these functions internally with respect to our self-managed portfolio, we believe that we establish improved communications, foster direct relationships with tenants and gain tighter control over the quality and cost of restorations and property maintenance. In addition, we believe that our bottom-line focus will allow us to provide property management services for our self-managed portfolio more efficiently than other market participants who may contract with third parties on a fee-for-services approach.

 

Additionally, our tenants can make maintenance requests on a 24-hour basis through our website or emergency telephone hotline, both of which are administered and managed from our headquarters office. Upon receiving a maintenance request, our maintenance personnel and systems quickly identify an appropriate service provider from our network of vendor relationships and dispatch repair personnel to the home. We continually strive to exceed our tenants’ expectations with respect to maintenance and service in an effort to retain tenants and maintain the value of our properties.

 

Technology and Systems

 

We believe that robust information technology is essential to efficiently acquire and manage a large-scale portfolio of single-family rental homes. We have a scalable real estate acquisition and management platform, which our founders began developing in 2008 and have been expanding and refining over the past four years, that we believe is among the most advanced in the single-family rental sector. This technology is critical to expanding our business, seeking to maximize revenues and minimize expenses and achieving economies of scale. Our systems are designed to enable us to gather and evaluate large amounts of housing, demographic and economic data to support our ongoing acquisition activities. We are able to quickly evaluate opportunities presented through our various acquisition channels and adjust to rapidly changing market conditions. Additionally, the economic and market data captured by our systems allow us to evaluate potential mortgage investments as a supplement to our home acquisition activities as a means of seeking enhanced current return. Our systems also accumulate and analyze data at the individual property and portfolio levels. We capture, update and monitor economic and physical information about a property throughout the period of our ownership and management. This allows us to efficiently develop a restoration program, negotiate with and engage third-party vendors and service providers, market and lease our properties and monitor the value, market position and physical condition of our properties on an ongoing basis.

 

Technology is also essential to enhance tenant satisfaction, which we believe is an important means of reducing tenant turnover. In addition to offering 24-hour maintenance requests by telephone or through our website, we offer our tenants convenient ways to pay rent, including electronically.

 

Management of Phoenix Fund

 

As of March 31, 2013, we managed 608 properties for Phoenix Fund, a fully committed private investment fund formed by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes in 2010 to invest opportunistically in single-family homes as rental properties. From the completion of our initial private offering through February 11, 2013, our TRS managed the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a sub-management agreement with ARM. Since February 11, 2013, our TRS has managed the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a management agreement with Phoenix Fund. See “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

 

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Operating Performance of Phoenix Fund Properties Owned by Phoenix Fund for At Least Six Months As of January 1, 2012

 

This section presents certain historical operating data of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties (as defined below). Phoenix Fund is a Delaware limited partnership that was formed by our founders, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes. Our structure and investment strategy are different from those of Phoenix Fund, and our performance will depend on factors that may not affect the performance of Phoenix Fund. In addition, our geographic footprint is much broader than that of Phoenix Fund. Although both we and Phoenix Fund own properties located in the Phoenix, Arizona and Las Vegas, Nevada markets, we also own properties located in a variety of other markets in which Phoenix Fund does not own properties. As a result, our financial performance and returns will differ from those of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties and Phoenix Fund as a whole. An investment in our common stock is not an investment in Phoenix Fund, and investors should not assume that they will experience returns, if any, that are comparable to those experienced by investors in Phoenix Fund.

 

Phoenix Fund was formed in October 2009 and began operations in February 2010. It was formed to acquire and invest in single-family residential properties as rental properties in and around the Phoenix, Arizona and Las Vegas, Nevada metropolitan areas. Phoenix Fund’s investment objective is to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns for its investors through a combination of home price appreciation in the single-family homes it owns and operates as rental properties and, to a lesser extent, distributions. From its inception through December 31, 2012, Phoenix Fund received approximately $43.5 million in capital contributions from approximately 66 investors. As of January 1, 2012, Phoenix Fund owned 348 homes, 226 of which it owned for at least six months. We refer to these 226 homes as the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties. As of December 31, 2012, Phoenix Fund was fully committed and had invested approximately $73.1 million in a portfolio of 605 single-family homes, including the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties.

 

Upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, our TRS began managing the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a sub-management agreement with ARM. In February 2013, our TRS began managing the properties of Phoenix Fund for a fee pursuant to a management agreement with Phoenix Fund.

 

Information regarding the operating performance of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties is set forth below. Our results will differ from those of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties and Phoenix Fund as a whole. Our results will depend on a variety of factors, some of which are beyond our control or are difficult to predict, including without limitation, changes in housing market conditions, differences in the market characteristics of markets in which we invest but where Phoenix Fund has not invested, changes in the residential mortgage industry and macroeconomic conditions. You should not assume that the performance of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties or Phoenix Fund will be indicative of our performance. In considering the performance information related to Phoenix Fund set forth below, potential investors should bear in mind that the information presented is a reflection of past performance and is not a guarantee or prediction of the returns that either we or Phoenix Fund may achieve in the future.

 

When a property that is not leased is acquired, it must be possessed, restored, marketed and leased for it to become a revenue generating asset. We refer to this process as property stabilization. We believe that the stabilization period for properties acquired that are not leased at acquisition generally ranges from 90 to 180 days, depending on factors such as the channel through which the property is acquired, the age and condition of the property and whether the property is vacant at acquisition. Similarly, the time to market and lease each property is driven by local demand, marketing techniques and the size of available inventory. Accordingly, we regard properties that have been owned for at least six months, whether or not they have actually been leased during that time, as providing the best indication of how properties will perform as a portfolio over the long run and, consequently, as the properties that are most comparable over time.

 

The table below shows combined operating data for the 226 homes that Phoenix Fund acquired from February 10, 2010 (commencement of operations) through June 30, 2011, or the Comparable Phoenix Fund

 

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Properties, for the year ended December 31, 2012. The table presents the combined financial information for the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties and shows their performance over an entire year after having been owned by Phoenix Fund for at least six months.

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31, 2012
 
     ($ in thousands)  

Revenues:

  

Rental revenue

   $ 2,996   

Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     495   

Real estate taxes

     313   

Property management fees

     180   

Homeowners’ association fees

     161   

Other (1)

     149   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     1,298   
  

 

 

 

Revenues in excess of certain expenses

   $ 1,698   
  

 

 

 

 

(1)   Includes external lease commissions and bad debt expense.

 

We believe the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties provide investors with a more reliable view of the operating performance of single-family homes as rental properties over time, because all of these homes were acquired vacant, possessed, renovated and leased as of or prior to December 31, 2011 and were owned for all of 2012. Some of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties were in their second or third lease-renewal periods during 2012. The Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties do not include 379 homes owned by Phoenix Fund as of December 31, 2012, including 122 homes acquired from July 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 and 257 homes acquired during 2012. We believe the inclusion of these homes would not be meaningful, as none of these homes had been owned for at least six months before January 1, 2012.

 

The following table presents certain additional operating data for the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties for the year ended December 31, 2012 that we believe provides investors a clearer understanding of the operating performance of a portfolio of single-family rental homes that has been owned for at least six months as of the beginning of 2012:

 

     For the Year Ended
December 31, 2012
 

Operating Data for the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties:

  

Number of Homes

     226   

Percentage Leased – December 31, 2011

     92

Percentage Leased – December 31, 2012

     94

Homes Leased – December 31, 2011

     208   

Homes Leased – December 31, 2012

     212   

Contractual Lease Expirations in 2012

     183   

Lease Turnover in 2012 (1)

     58   

2012 Re-Tenancy Costs Expensed (2)

   $ 252,075   

2012 Improvement Costs Capitalized (3)

   $ 149,730   

Average Monthly Rent Per Leased Home

   $ 1,149   

Annual Average Rent Per Leased Home as a Percentage of Average Investment Per Leased Home (4)

     11.7

 

(1)   Represents the number of homes that were leased at December 31, 2011 and were vacated upon lease expiration in 2012.

 

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(2)   Represents costs expensed to prepare Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties for lease to new tenants after existing tenants vacate at lease expiration, which is included in property operating and maintenance expense in the table of combined financial information for the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties. Amounts exclude leasing commissions paid to external leasing agents of approximately $69,000 for the year ended December 31, 2012 to secure new tenants, which is included in other expense in the table of combined financial information for the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties.
(3)   Represents costs incurred to improve the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties that were capitalized for the year ended December 31, 2012. Such costs include both capital expenditures to prepare Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties for lease to new tenants as well other recurring and non-recurring capital expenditures.
(4)   Represents annualized average monthly rent per leased home as a percentage of average investment (average purchase price per home plus average capital expenditures) per leased home. Does not include a provision for payment of ongoing property expenses (such as insurance, taxes, HOA fees, property management fees and maintenance) or an allocation of general and administrative expenses of Phoenix Fund, all of which materially impact the results of the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties. Accordingly, it should not be interpreted as a measure of profitability, and its utility in evaluating the Comparable Phoenix Fund Properties is limited. Average monthly rent for stabilized homes may not be indicative of average rents which may be achieved on homes that are currently vacant or that have not yet stabilized.

 

Our Financing Strategy

 

As of March 31, 2013, all of our assets were purchased with cash on hand and borrowings of approximately $31.3 million under our senior secured revolving credit facility. In the future, we expect to prudently finance our operations, in part, with borrowings under our senior secured revolving credit facility and with various other types of indebtedness. In January 2013, we obtained a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility is secured by our ownership interest in American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, which is a wholly owned subsidiary of our operating partnership. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. In addition to customary affirmative and negative covenants, the credit agreement requires us to comply with various financial covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a minimum tangible net worth and a minimum liquidity amount. As of March 31, 2013, we had cash and cash equivalents of approximately $46.0 million, and approximately $31.3 million outstanding under our senior secured revolving credit facility.

 

Competition

 

We face competition from different sources in each of our two primary activities: acquiring properties and renting our properties. We believe our primary competitors in acquiring our target properties through individual acquisitions are individual investors, small private investment partnerships looking for one-off acquisitions of investment properties that can either be rented or restored and sold, and larger investors, including private equity funds and other REITs, that are seeking to capitalize on the same market opportunity that we have identified. Our primary competitors in acquiring portfolios are private equity investors, other REITs and sizeable institutional investors. These same competitors may also compete with us for tenants. Competition may increase the prices for properties that we would like to purchase, reduce the amount of rent we may charge at our properties, reduce the occupancy of our portfolio and adversely impact our ability to achieve attractive yields. However, we believe that our well-developed vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform, local presence and market knowledge in markets that meet our selection criteria provide us with competitive advantages.

 

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Risk Management

 

We face various forms of risk in our business ranging from broad economic, housing market and interest rate risks, to more specific factors, such as credit risk related to our tenants, re-leasing of properties and competition for properties. We believe that the housing market and credit risk expertise developed by our management team will allow us to navigate these risks. Credit research and developing sophisticated analytical tools to help us manage various risks that we face in our business has been a focus of our company since May 2012, when we commenced investment activities, and for our founders since 2008, when they began developing the platform we acquired from ARM.

 

Insurance

 

We carry liability and property insurance covering most of the properties in our portfolio under a blanket insurance policy. All of our properties are covered by liability and property insurance, either carried by us or by preferred operators under longer-term arrangements with the operators. We believe the policy specifications and insured limits are appropriate and adequate for our properties given the relative risk of loss, the cost of the coverage and industry practice; however, our insurance coverage may not be sufficient to cover all losses we may sustain. In addition, there are certain types of extraordinary losses, such as losses from terrorism and earthquakes, for which we do not have insurance. We specifically review those areas that are at a higher risk of potential loss from natural catastrophes as part of our initial property acquisition criteria. We will continue to monitor third-party earthquake insurance pricing and conditions for our properties located in earthquake prone areas and may consider obtaining third-party coverage if it is cost-effective. We obtain title insurance policies for all properties at the time we purchase such properties, except, in the case of auction properties, where policies are not available at the time of purchase and accordingly are obtained subsequent to such purchases.

 

Legal Proceedings

 

We are not involved in any material litigation nor, to our knowledge, is any material litigation threatened against us.

 

Regulation

 

General

 

Our properties are subject to various covenants, laws and ordinances and certain of our properties are also subject to the rules of the various HOAs where such properties are located. We believe that we are in compliance with such covenants, laws, ordinances and rules, and we also require that our tenants agree to comply with such covenants, laws, ordinances and rules in their leases with us.

 

Fair Housing Act

 

The Fair Housing Act, or FHA, its state law counterparts and the regulations promulgated by HUD and various state agencies, prohibit discrimination in housing on the basis of race or color, national origin, religion, sex, familial status (including children under the age of 18 living with parents or legal custodians, pregnant women and people securing custody of children under the age of 18), handicap or, in some states, financial capability. We believe that our properties are in substantial compliance with the FHA and other regulations.

 

Environmental Matters

 

As a current or prior owner of real estate, we are subject to various federal, state and local environmental laws, regulations and ordinances, and we could be liable to third parties as a result of environmental contamination or noncompliance at our properties, even if we no longer own such properties. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to the Real Estate Industry Generally—Contingent or unknown liabilities could adversely affect our financial condition.”

 

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REIT Qualification

 

We intend to elect to qualify as a REIT commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. Our qualification as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual investment and operating results, various complex requirements under the Code relating to, among other things, the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that fall within specified categories, the diversity of our capital stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. We believe that we have been organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Code, and that our intended manner of operation will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.

 

So long as we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on our REIT taxable income that we distribute currently to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and do not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates and may be precluded from qualifying as a REIT for the subsequent four taxable years following the year during which we fail to qualify as a REIT. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain federal, state and local taxes on our income or property. In addition, our TRS will be subject to federal, state and local taxes on its income or property.

 

Investment Company Act of 1940

 

We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we nor any of our subsidiaries are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the 1940 Act.

 

Employees

 

As of the date of this prospectus, we had 47 employees. We do not expect any of our employees to be covered by a collective bargaining agreement.

 

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INVESTMENT POLICIES AND POLICIES WITH RESPECT TO CERTAIN ACTIVITIES

 

The following is a discussion of our investment policies and our policies with respect to certain other activities, including financing matters and conflicts of interest. These policies may be amended or revised from time to time at the discretion of our Board of Directors, without stockholder approval. Any change to any of these policies by our Board of Directors, however, would be made only after a thorough review and analysis of that change, in light of then-existing business and other circumstances, and then only if, in the exercise of its business judgment, our Board of Directors believes that it is advisable to do so in our and our stockholders’ best interests. We intend to disclose any changes in our investment policies in periodic reports that we file or furnish under the Exchange Act. We cannot assure you that our investment objective will be attained.

 

Investments in Real Estate or Interests in Real Estate

 

We conduct substantially all of our investment activities through our operating partnership and its subsidiaries. We invest principally in single-family homes and other assets related to the single-family housing sector in select markets in the United States that we believe exhibit housing, economic, demographic, employment and other characteristics that make investments in single-family homes as investment properties for rental attractive.

 

We will conduct our investment activities in a manner that is consistent with the requirements applicable to REITs for federal income tax purposes. We pursue our investment objective through the ownership by our operating partnership of our assets, but we may also make equity investments in other entities, including joint ventures that own portfolios of properties. Our management team identifies and negotiates acquisition and other investment opportunities, subject to the oversight of our Board of Directors.

 

We may enter into joint ventures from time to time, if we determine that doing so would be the most cost-effective and efficient means of raising capital. Equity investments may be subject to existing mortgage financing and other indebtedness or such financing or indebtedness may be incurred in connection with acquiring investments. Any such financing or indebtedness will have priority over our equity interest in such property. Investments are also subject to our policy not to be treated as an investment company under the 1940 Act.

 

We do not have a specific policy to acquire assets primarily for capital gain or primarily for income, although we generally target properties that we believe will generate income in the near term. From time to time, we may make investments that do not generate current cash flow. We believe investments that do not generate current cash flow may be, in certain instances, consistent with achieving sustainable long-term growth for our stockholders.

 

No limits have been set on the concentration of our investments in any one geographic location or property type. We currently anticipate that our real estate investments will continue to be concentrated in single-family homes and other assets related to the single-family housing sector. We anticipate that, over time, our real estate investments will become more diversified in terms of geographic market, but we expect our assets to be concentrated in certain markets that exhibit the characteristics that support our business and investment strategy.

 

Investments in Real Estate Mortgages

 

While we emphasize equity real estate investments in single-family homes, we may selectively acquire or fund loans secured by single-family homes or entities that own portfolios of single-family homes to the extent that those investments are consistent with our qualification as a REIT. The mortgages in which we may invest will generally be first-lien mortgages secured by residential properties. Investments in real estate mortgages are subject to the risk that one or more borrowers may default and that the collateral securing mortgages may not be sufficient to recover our full investment.

 

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Investments in Securities or Interests in Entities Primarily Engaged in Real Estate Activities and Investments in Other Securities

 

Although we do not have any current intention to invest in investment securities, other than in interest-bearing, short-term, investment-grade securities or money market accounts on a temporary basis pending the deployment of offering proceeds, we may, subject to the gross income and asset requirements required to qualify as a REIT, acquire partnership interests or other equity interests in joint venture entities through which we make some of our investments in our target assets.

 

Purchase and Sale of Investments

 

We expect to invest in our properties primarily for generation of current income and long-term capital appreciation. Although we do not currently intend to sell our properties, we may deliberately and strategically dispose of assets in the future and redeploy funds into new acquisitions and development opportunities that align with our strategic objectives.

 

Lending Policies

 

We do not have a policy limiting our ability to make loans to other persons, although our ability to do so may be limited by applicable law, such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We may make loans to unaffiliated third parties. For example, we may consider offering purchase money financing in connection with the disposition of assets in instances where the provision of that financing would increase the value to be received by us for the asset sold.

 

Issuance of Additional Securities

 

If our Board of Directors determines that obtaining additional capital would be advantageous to us, we may, without stockholder approval, issue debt or equity securities, including preferred stock and including causing our operating partnership to issue additional units, retain earnings (subject to the distribution requirements applicable to REITs for federal income tax purposes) or pursue a combination of these methods. As long as our operating partnership is in existence, the proceeds of all equity capital raised by us will be contributed to our operating partnership in exchange for additional common or preferred units, which will dilute the ownership interests of the other limited partners.

 

We may offer shares of our common stock, OP units, or other debt or equity securities in exchange for cash, real estate assets or other investment targets and to repurchase or otherwise re-acquire shares of our common stock, OP units or other debt or equity securities. We may issue preferred stock from time to time, in one or more classes or series, as authorized by our Board of Directors without the need for stockholder approval. We have not adopted a specific policy governing the issuance of senior securities at this time.

 

Repurchase of Our Securities

 

We may repurchase shares of our common stock or OP units from time to time. In addition, holders of OP units have the right, subject to a 12-month holding period after issuance, to require us to redeem their OP units in exchange for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock.

 

Reporting Policies

 

Pursuant to the Exchange Act, after completion of the IPO, we will be required to file annual and periodic reports, proxy statements and other information, including audited financial statements, with the SEC. After completion of the IPO, we will make our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, proxy statements and amendments to those reports or statements available

 

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free of charge on our website at www.americanresidentialproperties.com , under “Investor Relations—SEC Filings,” as soon as reasonably practicable after we file these materials with, or furnish them to, the SEC.

 

Policies with Respect to Certain Transactions

 

We have adopted a written policy for the review and approval of related person transactions requiring disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K, which include transactions in which (1) the amount involved may be expected to exceed $120,000 in any fiscal year, (2) our company or one of our subsidiaries will be a participant and (3) an executive officer, a director, a major stockholder or an immediate family member of the foregoing has a direct or indirect material interest. For a discussion of our policy with respect to related person transactions, see “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.” Under our bylaws, our directors and officers may have business interests and engage in business activities similar to, in addition to or in competition with those of or relating to our company.

 

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MANAGEMENT

 

Executive Officers and Directors

 

Our Board of Directors consists of six directors. Of these six directors, we believe that four, constituting a majority, are considered “independent,” with independence being determined in accordance with the listing standards established by the NYSE.

 

Set forth below are the names, ages and positions of our directors and executive officers as of the date of this prospectus.

 

Name

   Age   

Position with Our Company

Stephen G. Schmitz

   58    Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board of Directors

Laurie A. Hawkes

   57   

President, Chief Operating Officer and Director

Shant Koumriqian

   40   

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

Andrew G. Kent

   53    Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary

Lani B Porter

   53   

Senior Vice President, Operations

Douglas N. Benham

   56   

Independent Director

David M. Brain

   57   

Independent Director

Keith R. Guericke

   64   

Independent Director

Todd W. Mansfield

   55
  

Independent Director

 

Set forth below is biographical information for each of our six directors, including Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, who also serve as executive officers.

 

Stephen G. Schmitz —Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of our Board of Directors. Mr. Schmitz has held the positions of Chief Executive Officer and Chairman since our formation in May 2012. In October 2008, with our President and Chief Operating Officer, Ms. Hawkes, Mr. Schmitz co-founded ARP LLC, a private investment firm formed to capitalize on the extraordinary price deterioration in the single-family housing sector following the collapse in the housing and mortgage industries. The two founded Phoenix Fund, a fully committed private investment fund that owned 608 single-family homes as rental properties as of March 31, 2013, and ARM, the entity from which we acquired our real estate acquisition and management platform, in early 2010. In 2007, Mr. Schmitz was the Managing Partner of Grayhawk Capital Partners, a private real estate investment firm. In 2006, he served as Chief Executive Officer of AutoStar Realty, L.P., an automobile dealership financing firm. From 2001 to 2005, Mr. Schmitz was an Executive Vice President at GE Franchise Finance, which acquired Mr. Schmitz’s prior employer, FFCA, in 2001. Mr. Schmitz served as FFCA’s Chief Investment Officer for 15 years from 1986 to 2001, during which time it was a publicly traded REIT and one of the nation’s largest provider of mortgage and sale-leaseback financing to the chain restaurant, convenience store and retail auto parts industries. From 1982 to 1986, Mr. Schmitz was a commercial lender at Mellon Bank. A specialist in sale-leaseback acquisitions and mortgage financing on a programmatic scale, Mr. Schmitz has spent the majority of his finance career creating and managing teams of professionals that generate high volumes of small asset size real estate transactions, resulting in the production of transactions exceeding $2 billion in new investments on an annual basis. He attended the University of Wisconsin and received a BS from Franklin University and an MBA from Pennsylvania State University. Mr. Schmitz, as a co-founder of our company, is qualified to serve as a director due to his familiarity with our history and operations, his experience as an early participant in the emerging institutionalization of the single-family rental sector, his extensive real estate experience and his familiarity with business models emphasizing large volumes of acquisition activity.

 

Laurie A. Hawkes —President, Chief Operating Officer and member of our Board of Directors. Ms. Hawkes has held the position of President since our formation in May 2012 and the position of Chief Operating Officer since March 2013. As described above, Ms. Hawkes co-founded ARP LLC, Phoenix Fund and ARM with

 

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Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer. From 1995 to 2007, Ms. Hawkes worked at U.S. Realty Advisors, a $3 billion real estate private equity firm, becoming a Partner in 1997 and serving as President of the firm from 2003 to 2007. In the fifteen years prior to joining U.S. Realty Advisors, Ms. Hawkes was a Wall Street investment banker specializing in real estate and mortgage finance. From 1993 to 1995, Ms. Hawkes was a Managing Director in the Real Estate Investment Banking Division at CS First Boston Corp., and, from 1979 to 1993, was a Director in the Real Estate Investment and Mortgage Banking Departments at Salomon Brothers Inc. During her investment banking career, she structured and negotiated more than $16 billion in real estate acquisitions and securitized mortgage debt transactions for all property types utilizing many types of financing, including private equity, capital markets, financial institutions and institutional investors. She received a BA from Bowdoin College and an MBA from Cornell University. Ms. Hawkes, as a co-founder of our company, is qualified to serve as a director due to her familiarity with our history and operations, her experience as an early participant in the emerging institutionalization of the single-family rental sector, her extensive experience as an investment banker focusing on the real estate and mortgage industries, and her experience as an executive at a private equity firm focusing on real estate investment acquisition and financing.

 

Douglas N. Benham —Member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Benham has served on our Board of Directors since completion of our initial private offering in May 2012. He is the President and Chief Executive Officer of DNB Advisors, LLC, a restaurant industry consulting firm, and served as President and Chief Executive Officer of Arby’s Restaurant Group, or Arby’s, a quick-service restaurant company, from January 2004 to April 2006. Prior to Arby’s, from August 2003 until January 2004, Mr. Benham was President and Chief Executive Officer of DNB Advisors, LLC. For a period of fourteen years, from January 1989 until August 2003, Mr. Benham was Chief Financial Officer and served on the Board of Directors of RTM Restaurant Group, Inc., an Arby’s franchisee. Currently, Mr. Benham also serves as a director of Sonic Corp. (NASDAQ: SONC), and a director of Global Income Trust, Inc., a non-traded public REIT. He received a BA in accounting from the University of West Florida. Mr. Benham is qualified to serve as a director because of his experience as a senior executive officer at, and consultant to, various business enterprises, his experience as a board member of other publicly traded companies and his expertise in accounting and finance.

 

David M. Brain —Member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Brain has served on our Board of Directors since the completion of our initial private offering in May 2012. Since October 1999, he has been the President and Chief Executive Officer of Entertainment Properties Trust, or Entertainment Properties, a NYSE-listed REIT (NYSE: EPR), before which he served as the Chief Financial Officer from 1997 to 1999, and as the Chief Operating Officer from 1998 to 1999. In 1997, Mr. Brain, while acting as a Senior Vice President in the investment banking and corporate finance department of George K. Baum & Company, an investment banking firm based in Kansas City, Missouri, acted as a consultant to AMC Entertainment, Inc. in the formation of Entertainment Properties. Before joining George K. Baum & Company in 1996, Mr. Brain was Managing Director of the Corporate Finance Group of KPMG LLP, a practice unit he organized and managed for over 12 years. He received a BA in Economics and an MBA from Tulane University, where he was awarded an academic fellowship. Mr. Brain is qualified to serve as a director because of his extensive leadership experience at a publicly traded REIT, his experience in investment banking and his extensive contacts with senior real estate executives throughout the United States.

 

Keith R. Guericke —Member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Guericke has served on our Board of Directors since completion of our initial private offering in May 2012. He has served on the Board of Directors of Essex Property Trust, Inc., or Essex, a NYSE-listed multi-family REIT (NYSE: ESS), since June 1994. In 2001, Mr. Guericke was elected to the position of Vice Chairman of the Board of Essex, a position he still holds. Mr. Guericke served as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Essex from 1994 through 2010. Since his retirement, he continues to provide services to Essex on a part-time basis. Mr. Guericke joined Essex’s predecessor, Essex Property Corporation, in 1977 to focus on investment strategies and portfolio expansion. Mr. Guericke prepared Essex for its initial public offering in 1994, and since then has overseen the significant growth of Essex’s multi-family portfolio in supply-constrained markets along the West Coast. Mr. Guericke is a member of NAREIT, the National Multi-Housing Council and several local apartment industry groups. Prior to

 

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joining Essex, Mr. Guericke began his career with Kenneth Leventhal & Company, a CPA firm noted for its real estate expertise. Mr. Guericke received a BS in Accounting from Southern Oregon College in 1971. Mr. Guericke is qualified to serve as a director because of his extensive leadership experience at a publicly traded REIT, his expansive knowledge of the real estate industry and his strong relationships with many executives at real estate companies throughout the United States.

 

Todd W. Mansfield — Member of our Board of Directors. Mr. Mansfield has served on our Board of Directors since March 2013. Since December 2011, he has been President and Chief Executive Officer of Crescent Communities, LLC, or Crescent, after serving as a member of its board of managers and as lead director in 2011. Crescent is a real estate investment company that primarily develops single-family, multifamily and resort residential communities throughout the southeastern United States and also owns and manages business and industrial parks. From 1999 to 2010, Mr. Mansfield served as Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Crosland LLC, a diversified real estate investment and development company. Before joining Crosland, Mr. Mansfield was Managing Director at Security Capital Group (formerly NYSE: SCG) and spent 11 years at The Walt Disney Company (NYSE: DIS), where, as Executive Vice President, he had operating responsibility for its development and corporate real estate activities worldwide. He is a director and former chairman of Charlotte City Center Partners and serves on the Board of Directors of the Foundation for the Carolinas. He also serves on the Board of Trustees of the North Carolina Chapter of The Nature Conservancy and is a director and past chairman of the Urban Land Institute. Mr. Mansfield has also served on the boards of Carolinas HealthCare System, CarrAmerica Realty Corporation (formerly NYSE: CRE) and Kforce Inc. (NASDAQ: KFRC). He received a BA from Claremont McKenna College and an MBA from Harvard University. Mr. Mansfield is qualified to serve as a director because of experience as a senior executive officer of various real estate enterprises, three decades of experience with residential investment and operations and his experience as a board member of other publicly traded companies.

 

Set forth below is biographical information for each of our other executive officers and certain key employees.

 

Shant Koumriqian —Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer. Shant Koumriqian has served as our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer since October 2012. Mr. Koumriqian served as Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer of MPG Office Trust, Inc. (NYSE: MPG) from December 2008 to March 2012, as Senior Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer from January 2008 to November 2008 and as Vice President, Finance from July 2004 to January 2008. Prior to joining MPG Office Trust, Mr. Koumriqian spent a total of nine years in real estate practice groups, first at Arthur Andersen LLP and then at Deloitte & Touche LLP, where he was a senior manager, serving public and private real estate companies. Mr. Koumriqian received a BA in Business Administration, cum laude , from California State University, Los Angeles.

 

Andrew G. Kent —Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary. Mr. Kent, who became our Senior Vice President, Investments in October 2012, has been with our company since May 2012. Currently, he also serves as our General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer. He has more than 22 years of experience in real estate and real estate finance. Prior to joining us, Mr. Kent served from 2008 to May 2012 as Vice President and Underwriting Counsel for the Phoenix National Title Services office of Fidelity National Title Company. From 2005 to 2008, he was Director of Capital Markets for Hometown, a commercial mortgage start-up that specialized in smaller balance CMBS loan origination. Prior to joining Hometown, Mr. Kent held senior management and legal roles from 1996 to 2005 at GE Franchise Finance and FFCA. Before joining FFCA in 1996, he spent six years as an associate at the New York office of the multinational law firm, Jones Day. He received a JD, magna cum laude , from New York Law School and a BA in English and Psychology from the University of Rochester.

 

Lani B Porter —Senior Vice President, Operations. Ms. Porter has been our Senior Vice President, Operations since October 2012 after joining us in July 2012 as Vice President, Operations. She has been an executive in the Real Estate Industry since 1995, when, as a founding executive serving as Senior Vice President

 

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of Operations, she helped create the first online marketplace for mortgage lending at Getsmart.com. In 2000, after Providian Bank’s acquisition of Getsmart.com, she joined nCommand as Co-Founder, Chief Operating Officer and Chief Financial Officer, where she developed an end-to-end virtual loan process for residential lending. After the acquisition of nCommand by Ellie Mae in 2002, she served as Chief Financial Officer and Vice President of Operations at Accruent, a company whose products are used in managing over 1 billion square feet of commercial space for many Fortune 500 companies and large retailers. In addition, beginning in 2005, Ms. Porter served as Director of Operations for Hometown, where she developed the systems technology and processes to underwrite, fund, manage, securitize and sell more than $2 billion in assets. Ms. Porter has served on the Mortgage Bankers Association-sanctioned Governance Board of MISMO (Mortgage Industry Standards Maintenance Organization), attended Arizona State University, and completed the Oracle RDBMS Master’s program for Database Administrators.

 

Michelle D. Stewart —Vice President, Transactions Management. Ms. Stewart has been our Vice President, Transaction Management since July 2012 and served as our Vice President, Operations from May 2012 to July 2012. Ms. Stewart is responsible for managing our acquisitions, due diligence and closing processes. Ms. Stewart served in a similar capacity as the Vice President of Operations of ARM beginning in January 2012 and as an independent contractor to ARP LLC beginning in August 2009. Prior to working with ARP LLC, from September 2006 until August 2009 Ms. Stewart worked in different positions not related to real estate. From June 1993 until August 2006, Ms. Stewart spent over 13 years in a similar role with FFCA and GE Franchise Finance, ultimately reporting either to Mr. Schmitz or Mr. Kent during that period. In that capacity, she successfully closed and documented over 3,000 individual investment properties. Ms. Stewart has over 25 years of diverse administrative experience and is highly experienced in all areas of real estate acquisition, including documentation and closing processes, title insurance, due diligence, property management, internal audit processes, credit report evaluation and database system management, among other property-related functions. While with FFCA, her property acquisition files became the standard for institutional real estate securitizations and she received numerous awards and recognition for top production during her tenure with FFCA and GE Franchise Finance.

 

Paul R. Ladd, III —Vice President, National Field Operations and Quality Assurance. Mr. Ladd has 25 years of broad-based consulting experience focused primarily on due diligence for multi-family and commercial real estate acquisition and refinancing. Before joining our company, he was a principal with Criterium Engineers, a nationwide building inspection and construction quality assurance firm. Previously, Mr. Ladd served as Director of Risk Management with Hometown, where he was responsible for environmental and engineering due diligence and pre-closing inspections on all assets. Prior to Hometown, Mr. Ladd held senior management positions with several large consulting firms including Jacques Whitford (now Stantec) and Vertex Engineering, where he provided program management for national clients including GE Capital, Verizon, Hertz, CVS Pharmacy, BJ’s Wholesale Club, and BP Oil Company. Mr. Ladd received a BA from the University of Rhode Island.

 

Josh E. Kellner —Director of Underwriting. Mr. Kellner serves as our Director of Underwriting, responsible for real estate underwriting, financial modeling, assisting with investor reporting, lender/ bank compliance and bidding at courthouse auctions. From August 2008 until September 2010, Mr. Kellner was an Associate at Dinan & Company, LLC, a middle-market investment advisory firm, where he was responsible for initiating private middle-market acquisition searches for globally recognized private equity groups and for real estate acquisition opportunity identification, transaction negotiation and financial modeling across a wide band of asset classes and product types, including whole loan residential and commercial portfolios, REO, securitizations (residential mortgage-backed securities and CMBS), sale-leasebacks, corporate debt and new credit opportunities. Prior to September 2008, Mr. Kellner was also a Senior Loan Officer with Savannah Mortgage Company, where he was involved in residential loan origination in the greater Phoenix area. He has extensive knowledge of FHA, VA and reverse mortgage underwriting guidelines. Mr. Kellner received a BS in Accountancy from Miami University, Oxford, Ohio.

 

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David J. Sliwicki —Vice President, Private Mortgage Financing. From 2008 to early 2013, Mr. Sliwicki was Senior Vice President within the Special Assets Group at Bank of America where he was responsible for a portfolio of troubled commercial real estate loans and properties throughout the central United States, with a focus on implementing permanent resolutions for troubled loans and the asset management and disposition of other real estate owned properties. From 2005 until 2008, Mr. Sliwicki was a Managing Director with Deerfield Capital Management, an alternative asset manager based in Chicago, where he was responsible for the acquisition/origination and portfolio management of commercial real estate debt and equity investments. Prior to joining Deerfield Capital, Mr. Sliwicki was the Vice President – Midwest Region for National Equity Fund, a syndicator and asset manager of affordable housing investments. At National Equity Fund, Mr. Sliwicki oversaw a team of professionals dedicated to the origination, structuring and asset management of equity investments in multi-family, affordable housing projects via the Low Income Housing Tax Credit. Mr. Sliwicki also spent six years originating and structuring commercial real estate loans on value-add properties with a team of professionals first employed by Sanwa Business Credit and later with Transamerica Commercial Real Estate Finance. Mr. Sliwicki began his career with Citicorp Real Estate, Inc, having completed Citicorp’s credit training program in New York City, and later being placed in New York, Boston, and Chicago. He holds a Bachelor of Business Administration from Marquette University and a Master of Science in Real Estate from the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

 

Judith Klein Romero —Vice President, Portfolio Investments. From 2006 to 2012, Mrs. Romero was Associate Partner and Senior Vice-President of Ensemble Real Estate Services LLC, a commercial real estate company providing management, leasing, development, brokerage and acquisition services with a specific concentration in medical office buildings. From 1986 until 1993, and again from 1996 through 2006, Mrs. Romero was a Senior Vice President with Amerimar Enterprises, or Amerimar, a national commercial real estate firm based in Philadelphia. Mrs. Romero opened and ran offices for Amerimar in such primary cities as Boston, Chicago, and Philadelphia before relocating and running Amerimar’s Phoenix-based operations for seven of the 17 years she was part of Amerimar’s team. Mrs. Romero also spent three years working for the Government of Singapore Investment Corporation’s, or GSIC, North American office where she gained additional institutional experience working on the management of assets owned by GSIC in both Massachusetts and Florida. Mrs. Romero’s experience includes an extensive concentration in retail and high-rise office properties. Mrs. Romero has been responsible for the oversight of numerous successful properties located throughout several states, and has directly supervised tens of millions of dollars in construction, development, re-development and tenant improvements. She received a BA degree from the University of New Hampshire, the Institute of Real Estate Management’s Real Property Administrator (RPA) designation and received the CCIM designation (Certified Commercial Investment Member) from the CCIM Institute. Mrs. Romero is a licensed Real Estate Agent in the State of Arizona.

 

Board of Directors

 

The number of members of our Board of Directors will be determined from time-to-time by resolution of our Board of Directors. Our Board of Directors currently consists of six persons. Our directors are nominated each year by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee of our Board of Directors.

 

Upon completion of the IPO, we will become subject to the rules of the NYSE. Generally, these rules require a number of directors serving on our Board of Directors to meet standards of independence. Our Board of Directors has determined that the directors listed above as “independent” meet the independence standards of the NYSE. Our independent directors meet regularly in executive sessions without members of management present.

 

Our Board of Directors believes its members collectively have the experience, qualifications, attributes and skills to effectively oversee the management of our company, including a high degree of personal and professional integrity, an ability to exercise sound business judgment on a broad range of issues, sufficient experience and background to have an appreciation of the issues facing our company, a willingness to devote the necessary time to board duties, a commitment to representing the best interests of our company and a dedication to enhancing stockholder value.

 

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Committees of Our Board of Directors

 

Our Board of Directors has established three committees: the Audit Committee; the Compensation Committee; and the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. Each of these committees currently consists of three members, each of whom satisfies the NYSE’s independence standards. Mr. Mansfield will be joining one or more of these committees following completion of the IPO. Matters put to a vote at one of our three independent committees of our Board of Directors must be approved by a majority of the directors on the committee who are present at the meeting at which there is a quorum or in an action by unanimous written consent of the directors serving on the committee.

 

Audit Committee

 

The Audit Committee, which is composed of Messrs. Benham, Brain and Guericke and for which Mr. Benham currently serves as the Chairman, assists our Board of Directors in overseeing our accounting and financial reporting processes and the audits of our financial statements. Our Board of Directors has affirmatively determined that each of the Audit Committee members meets the definition of “independent director” for purposes of the NYSE rules and the independence requirements of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act. Our Board of Directors has also determined that Mr. Benham, the chair of the Audit Committee, qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert” under SEC rules and regulations and that each of the other members of the Audit Committee is financially literate within the meaning of Rule 10A-3 of the Exchange Act.

 

Compensation Committee

 

The Compensation Committee, which is composed of Messrs. Benham, Brain and Guericke and for which Mr. Brain currently serves as the Chairman, supports our Board of Directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities relating to senior management and director compensation, including the administration of our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee

 

The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, which is composed of Messrs. Benham, Brain and Guericke and for which Mr. Guericke currently serves as the Chairman, assists our Board of Directors in identifying and recommending candidates to fill vacancies on our Board of Directors and for election by the stockholders, recommending committee assignments for directors, overseeing our Board of Directors’ annual evaluation of the performance of our Board of Directors, its committees and individual directors, reviewing compensation received by directors for service on our Board of Directors and its committees and developing and recommending to our Board of Directors appropriate corporate governance policies, practices and procedures for our company.

 

Code of Business Conduct and Ethics

 

Our Board of Directors has adopted a code of business conduct and ethics that applies to our officers, directors and employees. Among other matters, our code of business conduct and ethics is designed to deter wrongdoing and to promote the following:

 

   

honest and ethical conduct, including the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest;

 

   

full, fair, accurate, timely and understandable disclosure in our reports filed with the SEC and other public communications;

 

   

compliance with applicable governmental laws, rules and regulations;

 

   

prompt internal reporting of violations of the code to appropriate persons identified in the code; and

 

   

accountability for adherence to the code.

 

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Any waiver of the code of business conduct and ethics for our executive officers, directors or employees may be made only by the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and will be promptly disclosed as required by law or stock exchange regulations.

 

Limitations on Liabilities and Indemnification of Directors and Officers

 

For information concerning limitations of liability and indemnification applicable to our directors, executive officers and, in certain circumstances, employees, see “Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and of Our Charter and Bylaws—Limitation of Directors’ and Officers’ Liability and Indemnification” and “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

 

Interests in Our Investments

 

We are permitted to make or acquire investments in which our directors, officers or stockholders or any of our or their respective affiliates have direct or indirect pecuniary interests. However, any such transaction in which our directors or any of their respective affiliates has any interest would be subject to the restrictions and procedures described below.

 

Director Compensation

 

Our Board of Directors has established a compensation program for our independent directors. Pursuant to this compensation program, we pay the following fees to each of our independent directors:

 

   

an annual cash retainer of $50,000;

 

   

an initial grant of 2,500 LTIP units upon becoming a director;

 

   

at the time of each annual meeting of our stockholders, beginning with the 2013 annual meeting, each independent director who will continue to serve on our Board of Directors will receive an annual grant of LTIP units having a value of $50,000 if and as determined by our Board of Directors;

 

   

an additional annual cash retainer of $10,000 to the chair of the Audit Committee;

 

   

an additional annual cash retainer of $7,500 to the chair of the Compensation Committee; and

 

   

an additional annual cash retainer of $7,500 to the chair of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee.

 

We also reimburse our independent directors for reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with the performance of their duties as directors, including without limitation travel expenses in connection with their attendance in-person at meetings of our Board of Directors and its committees. Directors who are employees do not receive any compensation for their services as directors.

 

Executive Compensation

 

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

 

This section discusses the principles underlying our policies and decisions with respect to the compensation of our named executive officers and the principal factors relevant to an analysis of these policies and decisions. Currently, our “named executive officers” and their positions are: Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman; Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors; Mr. Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer; Mr. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary; and Ms. Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations. The following discussion and analysis of compensation arrangements of our named executive officers should be read together with the compensation tables and related disclosures set forth below. This discussion may contain forward-looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations and determinations regarding future compensation programs. Actual compensation programs that we adopt following completion of the IPO may differ materially from the currently planned programs summarized in this discussion.

 

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Determination of Compensation

 

Roles of Our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer in Compensation Decisions

 

Since our formation, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors, in conjunction with our Chief Executive Officer, has been responsible for overseeing our executive compensation program, as well as determining and approving, subject to the oversight of our Board of Directors, the ongoing compensation arrangements for our named executive officers. Our Compensation Committee, Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer meet periodically throughout the year to review adjustments, if any, to the compensation, including base salary, annual bonus and long-term equity awards, for our named executive officers. Equity awards are subject to approval by our Board of Directors.

 

Since our formation, our Chief Executive Officer has been responsible for evaluating the individual performance and contributions of each other named executive officer, other than Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer, and reporting to our Compensation Committee and Board of Directors his determinations regarding such other named executive officers’ compensation. Our Chief Executive Officer has not participated in any formal discussion with our Compensation Committee and Board of Directors regarding decisions on his own compensation or the compensation of Ms. Hawkes, and he has recused himself from meetings at which his compensation and Ms. Hawkes’ compensation have been discussed.

 

We do not generally rely on formulaic guidelines or react to short-term changes in business performance for determining the mix or levels of cash and equity-based compensation, but rather maintain a flexible compensation program that allows us to adapt components and levels of compensation to motivate, reward and retain individual named executive officers within the context of our desire to attain financial and operational goals. Subjective factors considered in compensation determinations include a named executive officer’s responsibilities, leadership abilities, skills, contributions as a member of the executive management team, contributions to our overall performance and whether the total compensation potential and structure is sufficient to ensure the retention of a named executive officer when considering the compensation potential that may be available elsewhere.

 

Engagement of Compensation Consultants

 

Our Compensation Committee has retained FTI Consulting Inc., or FTI, a professional compensation consulting firm, to provide advice regarding the executive compensation program for our senior executive management team following the completion of the IPO. Under the engagement agreement between the Compensation Committee and FTI, FTI has provided, and will in the future provide, analysis and recommendations regarding base salaries, annual bonuses and long-term incentive compensation for our executive management team, and a director compensation program for non-employee members of our Board of Directors. FTI has not performed and does not currently provide any other services to management or our company, other than providing de minimis advice to our company for no additional fee relating to company-paid health insurance premiums for our broad-based group health plan.

 

Executive Compensation Philosophy and Objectives

 

The market for experienced management is highly competitive in our industry. Our goal is to attract and retain the most highly qualified executives to manage each of our business functions. In doing so, we draw upon a pool of talent that is highly sought after by similarly sized REITs and other real estate companies. Our executive compensation philosophy recognizes that, given that the market for experienced management is highly competitive in our industry, key and core to our success is our ability to attract and retain the most highly qualified executives to manage each of our business functions.

 

We regard as fundamental that executive officer compensation be structured to provide competitive base salaries and benefits to attract and retain superior employees and to provide incentive compensation to motivate executive officers to attain, and to reward executive officers for attaining, financial, operational, individual and

 

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other goals that are consistent with increasing stockholder value. We also believe that our executive compensation program should include a long-term incentive component that aligns executives’ interests with our stockholders’ interests. The objective of our long-term incentive awards, including equity-based compensation, will be to encourage executives to focus on our long-term growth and incentivize executives to manage our company from the perspective of stockholders with a meaningful stake in our success.

 

We view the components of our executive compensation program as related but distinct, and we expect to regularly reassess the total compensation of our named executive officers to ensure that our overall compensation objectives are met. To date, not all components have been provided to our named executive officers. We have considered, but not relied upon exclusively, the following factors in determining the appropriate level for each compensation component: our understanding of the competitive market based on the collective experience of members of our Compensation Committee and our Board of Directors and their review of compensation surveys; our recruiting and retention goals; our view of internal equity and consistency; the length of service of our executive officers; our overall performance; the recommendations of FTI; and other considerations our Compensation Committee and our Board of Directors and/or Chief Executive Officer determines are relevant.

 

Each of the primary elements of our executive compensation program is discussed in more detail below. While we have identified particular compensation objectives that each element of executive compensation serves, our compensation program is designed to be flexible and complementary and to serve all of the executive compensation objectives described above. Accordingly, whether or not specifically mentioned below, we believe that, as a part of our overall executive compensation policy, each individual element, to a greater or lesser extent, serves each of our compensation objectives and that, collectively, they are effective in achieving our overall objectives.

 

Elements of Executive Compensation Program

 

The following describes the primary components of our executive compensation program for each of our named executive officers, the rationale for that component and how compensation amounts are determined.

 

Base Salary

 

We provide our executive officers, including our named executive officers, with a base salary to compensate them for services rendered to our company during the fiscal year. The base salary payable to each named executive officer is intended to provide a fixed component of compensation reflecting the executive’s skill set, experience, role and responsibilities. Generally, initial base salary amounts were established based on consideration of, among other factors, the scope of the named executive officer’s responsibilities, period of service and the general knowledge of our Compensation Committee and our Board of Directors or our Chief Executive Officer of the competitive market based on, among other things, experience with other companies and our industry. The base salaries of our named executive officers will be reviewed periodically by our Compensation Committee and our Board of Directors or our Chief Executive Officer and merit salary increases will be made as deemed appropriate based on such factors as the scope of an executive officer’s responsibilities, individual contribution, prior experience and sustained performance. The table below shows the base salary for each of our named executive officers as of January 1, 2013.

 

Named Executive Officer

  

Title

   Base Salary  

Stephen G. Schmitz

   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer    $ 500,000   

Laurie A. Hawkes

   President and Chief Operating Officer    $ 500,000   

Shant Koumriqian

   Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer    $ 325,000   

Andrew G. Kent

   Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary    $ 225,000   

Lani B Porter

   Senior Vice President, Operations    $ 225,000   

 

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Annual Performance-Based Compensation

 

We use cash bonuses to motivate our named executive officers to achieve our short-term financial and strategic objectives while making progress towards our longer-term growth and other goals. In 2012, we did not establish a formal bonus program, and annual bonuses for Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter were determined by our Chief Executive Officer in his sole discretion based on his assessment of the executives’ performance and the performance of our company. Beginning in 2013, the Compensation Committee has made and will in the future make all final determinations regarding annual bonuses for each of our named executive officers based on the recommendations of our Chief Executive Officer (other than for our Chief Executive Officer and President and Chief Operating Officer), the performance of our named executive officers relative to any individual and corporate performance goals established by the Compensation Committee (with the assistance of any independent compensation consultant it may engage), market factors and such other factors as the Compensation Committee (with the assistance of any compensation consultant it may engage), deem appropriate. In April 2013, the Compensation Committee awarded discretionary annual cash bonuses to Mr. Schmitz, Ms. Hawkes and Mr. Koumriqian of 100%, 100% and 75%, respectively, of the executive’s 2012 annual base salary, pro rated for the period of the executive’s employment by us in 2012, due to these executives’ outstanding performance in that year. See “2012 Summary Compensation Table.” For 2013, the Compensation Committee has established target percentages of base salary for annual cash performance bonuses for our named executive officers as follows: 100% for each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, 75% for Mr. Koumriqian and 60% for each of Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter. Actual cash performance bonuses, if any, will be determined by the Compensation Committee in its discretion.

 

Long-Term Equity-Based Awards

 

The goals of our long-term equity-based awards are to reward and encourage long-term corporate performance based on the value of our stock and, thereby, to align the interests of our executive officers, including our named executive officers, with those of our stockholders. The size and form of the initial equity awards for our named executive officers typically have been established through arm’s-length negotiation at the time the individual was hired or at the time at which we entered into an employment agreement with the named executive officer. In making these awards, we considered, among other things, the prospective role and responsibility of the individual, competitive factors, the amount of equity-based compensation held by the executive officer at his or her former employer, our Board of Directors’ collective experience with compensation paid in respect of similar roles and in companies in similar stages of growth and industries as us at the time the executive officer was hired, the cash compensation received by the executive officer and the need to create a meaningful opportunity for reward predicated on the creation of long-term stockholder value.

 

2012 Grants of Plan-Based Awards

 

The following table sets forth information regarding grants of plan-based awards made to our named executive officers for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Name

   Date of Grant    All other LTIP Awards
(# of Units)
     Grant Date Fair Value of
LTIP Awards ($) (1)
 

Stephen G. Schmitz

   May 11, 2012      224,961         3,824,337   

Laurie A. Hawkes

   May 11, 2012      224,961         3,824,337   

Shant Koumriqian

   November 7, 2012      5,000         85,000   

Andrew G. Kent

   May 14, 2012      2,500         42,500   
   November 7, 2012      12,500         212,500   

Lani B Porter

   November 7, 2012      11,500         195,500   

 

(1)   Assumes each LTIP unit has a fair value of $17, which reflects the inherent uncertainty that the LTIP units will reach parity with OP units, the appropriateness of discounts for illiquidity, expectations for future dividends and various other data available to us at the time and other data that we deem relevant. For information regarding the assumptions made in the valuation of LTIP unit awards, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.

 

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Offering Grants of Plan-Based Awards

 

Upon completion of the IPO, we will grant our named executive officers, pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, LTIP unit awards having an aggregate value of $8.75 million, as shown in the following table:

 

Name

   Grant Date Fair Value of
LTIP Awards ($) (1)
 

Stephen G. Schmitz

     3,000,000   

Laurie A. Hawkes

     3,000,000   

Shant Koumriqian

     1,650,000 (2)  

Andrew G. Kent

     550,000   

Lani B Porter

     550,000   

 

(1) Assumes each LTIP unit has a fair value of $            , which is the mid-point of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO. The actual grant date fair value will be determined at a later date, taking into account the inherent uncertainty that the LTIP units will reach parity with OP units, the appropriateness of discounts for illiquidity, expectations for future dividends and various other data available to us at the time and other data that we deem relevant. For information regarding the assumptions made in the valuation of LTIP unit awards made in 2012, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
(2) Includes $1.1 million of LTIP units or restricted shares of common stock, as elected by Mr. Koumriqian in his discretion, that we will grant to Mr. Koumriqian upon completion of the IPO pursuant to his employment agreement. These LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock will vest in equal one-third increments on each of the first three anniversaries of their date of grant.

 

The actual number of LTIP units granted will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in the IPO. Based on the mid-point of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO, we will grant              LTIP units to our named executive officers. These LTIP units, other than the $1.1 million of LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock referred to in footnote 2 above, will vest ratably on each of the first five anniversaries of their date of grant, subject to the satisfaction of performance-based criteria to be determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors after completion of the IPO.

 

Retirement Savings

 

We intend to establish a 401(k) retirement savings plan for our employees, including our named executive officers, who satisfy certain eligibility requirements. Our named executive officers will be eligible to participate in the 401(k) plan on the same terms as other full-time employees. The Code allows eligible employees to defer a portion of their compensation, within prescribed limits, on a pre-tax basis through contributions to the 401(k) plan. We may match contributions made by participants in the plan up to a specified percentage of the employee contributions, and these matching contributions may be fully vested as of the date on which the contribution is made. We believe that providing a vehicle for tax deferred retirement savings though our 401(k) plan, and potentially making fully vested matching contributions, will add to the overall desirability of our executive compensation package and further incentivizes our employees, including our named executive officers, in accordance with our compensation policies.

 

Employee Benefits and Perquisites

 

All of our full-time employees, including our named executive officers, are eligible to participate in our health and welfare plans, including:

 

   

medical and dental benefits, as well as vision discounts;

 

   

short-term and long-term disability insurance; and

 

   

life insurance.

 

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We will pay 75% and 100% of the premiums for each of our employee’s medical and dental plans, respectively, for the 2013 plan year. We design our employee benefits programs to be affordable and competitive in relation to the market, and we modify our employee benefits programs as needed based upon regular monitoring of applicable laws and practices in the competitive market. These benefits are provided to our named executive officers on the same general terms as they are provided to all of our full-time employees, with the exception of certain additional supplemental long-term disability insurance, which covers participating executives, including our named executive officers. We also reimburse certain of our named executive officers for reasonable legal fees and expenses incurred in connection with the negotiation of an employment agreement. In addition, we may under certain circumstances agree to pay directly or reimburse our named executive officers for certain relocation expenses incurred in connection with a relocation made at the request of our company. We believe that providing these benefits is a relatively inexpensive way to enhance the competitiveness of the executives’ compensation packages. In the future, we may provide perquisites or other personal benefits in limited circumstances, such as where we believe it is appropriate to assist an individual named executive officer in the performance of his or her duties, to make our named executive officers more efficient and effective and for recruitment, motivation and/or retention purposes. Future practices with respect to perquisites or other personal benefits for our named executive officers will be approved and subject to periodic review by our Board of Directors or Compensation Committee. We do not expect these perquisites to be a material component of our compensation program.

 

Severance and Change in Control-Based Compensation

 

As more fully described below under the captions “—Employment Agreements” and “—2012 Equity Incentive Plan—Change in Control,” certain of our named executive officers’ employment agreements provide for certain payments and/or benefits upon certain termination of employment events or in connection with a change in control. The employment agreements also provide for gross-up payments to reimburse these executives for any excise taxes imposed on the executive in connection with a change in control. We believe that job security and terminations of employment, both within and outside of the change in control context, are causes of significant concern and uncertainty for senior executives and that providing protections to our named executive officers in these contexts is therefore appropriate in order to alleviate these concerns and allow the executives to remain focused on their duties and responsibilities to our company in all situations.

 

2012 Summary Compensation Table

 

The following table summarizes information regarding the compensation awarded to, earned by or paid to our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2012.

 

Name and Principal Position

   Year      Salary (1)
($)
     Bonus
($)
     Stock  Awards (2)
($)
    Non-Equity
Incentive Plan
Compensation
($)
     All Other
Compensation

($)
    Total
($)
 

Stephen G. Schmitz

Chief Executive Officer and Chairman

     2012         312,500         320,548         3,824,337 (3)       —           1,442 (4)       4,458,827   

Laurie A. Hawkes

President and Chief Operating Officer

     2012         312,500         320,548         3,824,337 (3)       —           1,442 (4)       4,458,827   

Shant Koumriqian

Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

     2012         67,708         51,421         85,000 (5)       —           369 (6)       204,498   

Andrew G. Kent

Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary

     2012         94,904         75,000         255,000 (7)       —           361 (8)       425,266   

Lani B Porter

Senior Vice President, Operations

     2012         75,000         65,000         195,500 (9)       —           647 (10)       336,148   

 

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(1)   Amounts in this column represent each named executive officer’s annual base salary for 2012, prorated to reflect partial year service beginning on May 11, 2012 in the case of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, October 15, 2012 in the case of Mr. Koumriqian, May 14, 2012 in the case of Mr. Kent and July 2, 2012 in the case of Ms. Porter.
(2)   Each amount in this column is the grant date fair value of LTIP units awarded to the executive. For information regarding the assumptions made in the valuation of LTIP unit awards, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
(3)   Reflects 224,961 LTIP units, of which 5,245 vested upon grant and 219,716 vest as follows: 88,486 vest ratably on May 11, 2013, May 11, 2014 and May 11, 2015; and 131,230 vest on the first to occur of (i) the date on which any shares of our common stock become registered with the SEC under Section 5 of the Securities Act and listed on a national securities exchange; (ii) the date on which a change in control (as defined in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan) occurs; and (iii) May 11, 2015.
(4)   Amount includes $1,306 in health insurance premiums and $136 in dental, life and long-term disability insurance premiums.
(5)   Reflects 5,000 LTIP units that vest ratably on November 7, 2013, November 7, 2014 and November 7, 2015.
(6)   Amount includes $233 in health insurance premiums and $136 in dental, life and long-term disability insurance premiums.
(7)   Reflects 2,500 LTIP units that vest ratably on May 14, 2013, May 14, 2014 and May 14, 2015 and 12,500 LTIP units that vest ratably on November 7, 2013, November 7, 2014 and November 7, 2015.
(8)   Amount includes $233 in health insurance premiums and $128 in dental, life and long-term disability insurance premiums.
(9)   Reflects 11,500 LTIP units that vest ratably on November 7, 2013, November 7, 2014 and November 7, 2015.
(10)   Amount includes $519 in health insurance premiums and $128 in dental, life and long-term disability insurance premiums.

 

Tax and Accounting Considerations

 

Code Section 162(m)

 

Generally, Section 162(m) of the Code, or Section 162(m), disallows a tax deduction for any publicly held corporation for individual compensation exceeding $1.0 million in any taxable year to its chief executive officer and each of its three other most highly compensated executive officers, other than its chief financial officer, unless compensation qualifies as “performance-based compensation” within the meaning of the Code. As we are not currently publicly traded, our Board of Directors and Chief Executive Officer have not previously taken the deductibility limit imposed by Section 162(m) into consideration in setting compensation. Under a Section 162(m) transition rule for compensation plans of corporations which are privately held and which become publicly held in an initial public offering, certain awards under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and other pre-existing plans will not be subject to Section 162(m) until the expiration of a post-closing transition period, which will occur on the earliest to occur of our annual stockholders’ meeting in 2017, a material modification or expiration of the applicable plan or the exhaustion of the shares or other compensation reserved for issuance under the plan. Following the IPO, we expect that the Compensation Committee may design awards of variable compensation paid to our named executive officers in a manner that is generally consistent with the “performance-based compensation” requirements of Section 162(m). However, the Compensation Committee, in its judgment, may authorize compensation payments that do not comply with the exemptions in Section 162(m) when it believes that such payments are appropriate to attract and retain executive talent.

 

Code Section 409A

 

Section 409A of the Code, or Section 409A, requires that “nonqualified deferred compensation” be deferred and paid under plans or arrangements that satisfy the requirements of the statute with respect to the timing of

 

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deferral elections, timing of payments and certain other matters. Failure to satisfy these requirements can expose employees and other service providers to accelerated income tax liabilities, penalty taxes and interest on their vested compensation under such plans. Accordingly, as a general matter, it is our intention to design and administer our compensation and benefits plans and arrangements for all of our employees and other service providers, including our named executive officers, so that they are either exempt from, or satisfy the requirements of, Section 409A.

 

Code Section 280G

 

Section 280G of the Code, or Section 280G, disallows a tax deduction with respect to excess parachute payments to certain employees and other service providers of companies which undergo a change in control. In addition, Section 4999 of the Code, or Section 4999, imposes a 20% excise tax on the individual with respect to the excess parachute payment. Parachute payments are compensation linked to or triggered by a change in control and may include, but are not limited to, bonus payments, severance payments, certain fringe benefits and payments and acceleration of vesting from long-term incentive plans including stock options and other equity-based compensation. Excess parachute payments are parachute payments that exceed a threshold determined under Section 280G based on the executive’s prior compensation. In approving the compensation arrangements for our named executive officers following the IPO, the Compensation Committee will consider all elements of the cost to our company of providing such compensation, including the potential impact of Section 280G. Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan provides that the plan benefits, and all other parachute payments provided under other plans and agreements, will be reduced to the safe harbor amount, i.e., the maximum amount that may be paid without excise tax liability or loss of deduction, if the reduction allows the recipient to receive greater after-tax benefits. The benefits under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and other plans and agreements will not be reduced, however, if the recipient will receive greater after-tax benefits (taking into account the 20% excise tax payable by the recipient) by receiving the total benefits.

 

Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation

 

We follow FASB Codification Topic 718, or ASC Topic 718, for our stock-based compensation awards. ASC Topic 718 requires companies to calculate the grant date “fair value” of their stock-based awards using a variety of assumptions. ASC Topic 718 also requires companies to recognize the compensation cost of their stock-based awards in their income statements over the period that an employee is required to render service in exchange for the award. Grants of stock options, restricted shares of our common stock, restricted stock units and other equity-based awards under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will be accounted for under ASC Topic 718. The Compensation Committee will regularly consider the accounting implications of significant compensation decisions, especially in connection with decisions that relate to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. As accounting standards change, we may revise certain programs to appropriately align accounting expenses of our equity awards with our overall executive compensation philosophy and objectives.

 

Employment Agreements

 

Upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, we entered into employment agreements with Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes. In April 2013, we amended and restated those agreements and entered into employment agreements with Mr. Koumriqian (whose agreement is effective as of October 15, 2012), Mr. Kent (whose agreement is effective as of January 1, 2013) and Ms. Porter (whose agreement is effective as of January 1, 2013). Each of the employment agreements has an initial term expiring December 31, 2015. Each employment agreement provides for an automatic one-year extension after the expiration of the initial term, unless either party provides the other with at least 90 days’ prior written notice of non-renewal. The employment agreements require the applicable executive officer to dedicate substantially all of his or her business time and efforts to the performance of his or her duties as our executive officers, except that Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes are permitted to spend a portion of their time and efforts assisting the general partner of Phoenix Fund in the performance of its duties to Phoenix Fund.

 

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The employment agreements provide for, among other things:

 

   

an annual base salary of $500,000 for each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, $325,000 for Mr. Koumriqian and $225,000 for each of Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter, subject to future increases from time to time at the discretion of our Board of Directors or the Compensation Committee;

 

   

eligibility for annual cash performance bonuses based on the satisfaction of performance goals to be established by the Compensation Committee;

 

   

participation in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and any subsequent equity incentive plans approved by our Board of Directors and stockholders; and

 

   

participation in any group life, hospitalization or disability insurance plans, health programs, pension and profit sharing plans, relocation programs and similar benefits that may be available to our other senior executive officers.

 

Each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes has a target annual cash performance bonus equal to 100% of his or her annual base salary, subject to approval of any such bonus by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. Mr. Koumriqian has a target annual cash performance bonus equal to 75% of his annual base salary and each of Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter has a target annual cash performance bonus equal to 60% of his or her annual base salary; in each case actual bonuses will be determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors in its discretion. Upon commencing his employment with our company, Mr. Koumriqian received a one-time grant of 5,000 LTIP units that will vest ratably on each of the first three anniversaries of their date of grant.

 

In addition, the employment agreements of Mr. Schmitz, Ms. Hawkes and Mr. Koumriqian provide for bonuses relating to the registration and listing or the public issuance of our common stock. Each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes is entitled to be paid a special cash bonus of $250,000 if, by April 30, 2013, we file with the SEC a shelf registration statement relating to the registration of the shares sold in our initial private offering for resale in accordance with the terms set forth in the registration rights agreements that we entered into upon completion of our initial private offering, and each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes is entitled to be paid an additional special cash bonus of $250,000 if, prior to October 29, 2013 (or 60 days later if deferred as a result of our completion of our initial public offering prior to October 29, 2013), the shares sold in our initial private offering have become registered with the SEC and become listed on a national securities exchange. When the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part is declared effective by the SEC and the IPO is completed, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes will earn these bonuses. Upon completion of the IPO, we will grant Mr. Koumriqian a number of LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock, at his election, equal to the lesser of (i) 10% of the number of shares added to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan as a result of our follow-on private offering in December 2012, our private placement in January 2013 and the IPO and (ii) the number of shares having an aggregate market value of $1.1 million based on the price to public of our common stock sold in the IPO. These LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock will vest ratably on each of the first three anniversaries of their date of grant.

 

Under the terms of their respective employment agreements, our executive officers are entitled to receive long-term disability coverage equal to 75% of the executive officer’s annual base salary and group life insurance coverage with a face amount equal to $1,000,000. We pay the premiums on all primary or supplemental disability and supplemental life insurance policies provided for the benefit of our executive officers and their designated beneficiaries, and the value of these premiums is treated as taxable income to the executive officer.

 

If we terminate the executive officer’s employment for “cause,” the executive officer will be entitled to receive his or her annual base salary and other benefits that have been earned and accrued prior to the date of termination and reimbursement of expenses incurred prior to the date of termination. “Cause” is defined as any of the following events:

 

   

the executive’s conviction for (or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to) any felony or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude;

 

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the executive’s indictment for any felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, if such indictment is not discharged or otherwise resolved within 18 months;

 

   

the executive’s commission of an act of fraud, theft, dishonesty or breach of fiduciary duty related to our company or the performance of the executive’s duties under the executive’s employment agreement;

 

   

the continuing failure or habitual neglect by the executive to perform the executive’s duties, except that, if such failure or neglect is curable, the executive shall have 30 days from his or her receipt of a notice of such failure or neglect to cure such condition and, if the executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of our Board of Directors (such cure opportunity being available only once), then such failure or neglect will not constitute cause;

 

   

any violation by the executive of the restrictive covenants set forth in the employment agreement except that, if such violation is not willful and is curable, the executive will first have 30 days from his or her receipt of notice of such violation to cure such condition and, if the executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of our Board of Directors, such violation will not constitute cause; or

 

   

the executive’s material breach of the employment agreement, except that, if such breach is curable, the executive shall first have 30 days from his or her receipt of such notice of such breach to cure such breach and, if the executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of our Board of Directors, such breach will not constitute cause.

 

If the executive officer resigns without “good reason,” the executive officer will be entitled to receive his or her annual base salary and other benefits that have been earned and accrued prior to the date of resignation and reimbursement of expenses incurred prior to the date of resignation. “Good reason” is defined as any of the following events:

 

   

any material diminution in the executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities (including without limitation the assignment of duties inconsistent with his or her position, or a significant adverse alteration of the nature or status of his or her responsibilities, or a significant adverse alteration of the conditions of his or her employment), including, in the case of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, any failure of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee to nominate the executive for re-election to our Board of Directors at any annual meeting of our stockholders while the executive serves as our Chief Executive Officer or President and Chief Operating Officer, respectively, provided that, at the time of each annual meeting, (1) if the executive is unable to perform his or her duties due to a disability or other incapacity, it is reasonably certain that the executive will be able to resume his or her duties on a regular full-time basis prior to such time as the executive’s employment may be terminated by us due to disability, (2) we have not notified the executive of our intention to terminate the executive’s employment for cause and (3) the executive has not notified us of his or her intention to resign from his or her position of Chief Executive Officer or President and Chief Operating Officer, respectively;

 

   

in the case of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, any material diminution in the title, authority, duties, or responsibilities of the supervisor to whom the executive is required to report, specifically including, a requirement that the executive report to a corporate officer or employee instead of reporting directly to our Board of Directors, or any or significant adverse change of the supervisor to whom the executive is required to report (including assignment to a new supervisor which results in a material adverse alteration of the nature or conditions of executive’s employment) and, in the case of Mr. Koumriqian, any requirement that he report to a corporate officer or employee other than the President and Chief Operating Officer and/or the Chief Executive Officer of our company;

 

   

after there has occurred a “change in control” (as defined in the employment agreement), any of the following has occurred: (1) a duplication with other company personnel of the executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities; (2) a significant adverse alteration of the budget over which the executive retains authority; or (3) a duplication with other company personnel of the title, authority,

 

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duties, or responsibilities of the supervisor to whom the executive is required to report, specifically including a requirement that the executive report to a corporate officer or employee instead of reporting directly to our Board of Directors;

 

   

any material reduction of the executive’s annual salary;

 

   

our material breach of the employment agreement; or

 

   

a determination by us to relocate our corporate headquarters to a new location that is more than 50 miles from the current address of our corporate headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona.

 

Notwithstanding the forgoing, the executive will not be deemed to have terminated the employment agreement for good reason unless: (1) the executive terminates the agreement no later than six months following the initial existence of the event or condition which is the basis for such termination (it being understood that each instance of any such event shall constitute a separate basis for such termination and a separate event or condition occurring on the date of such instance for purposes of calculating the six-month period); and (2) the executive provides to us a written notice of the existence of the event or condition which is the basis for the termination within 60 days following the initial existence of such event or condition, and we fail to remedy such event or condition within 30 days following the receipt of such notice.

 

If we terminate the executive officer’s employment without cause, the executive officer resigns for good reason or if we elect not to renew the employment agreement and the executive resigns within 90 days after receipt of the non-renewal notice, the executive officer will be entitled to the severance benefits described below. The severance benefits include the following:

 

   

In each case, the executive officer will be entitled to receive his or her annual base salary and other benefits that have been earned and accrued prior to the date of termination, reimbursement of expenses incurred prior to the date of termination and any cash or equity bonus compensation that has been earned and accrued prior to the date of termination.

 

   

In the event we terminate the executive officer’s employment without cause or if the executive officer resigns for good reason, the executive officer will be entitled to receive a cash payment in an amount equal to the sum of (1) the executive officer’s then-current annual base salary, plus (2) the greater of the annual cash bonus compensation most recently earned (whether or not paid) and the average annual cash bonus compensation actually paid for the last three full fiscal years, which sum will be multiplied by three for each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes and by one for each of Mr. Koumriqian, Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter. In the event we elect not to renew the executive officer’s employment agreement and the executive officer elects to resign within 90 days after receipt of the notice of non-renewal, the foregoing sum will be multiplied by two for each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes and one for each of Mr. Koumriqian, Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter.

 

   

We will reimburse the COBRA premium under our major medical health and dental plan for up to 18 months after termination, and, in each case, the executive officer and his or her dependents will be entitled to receive continuing coverage under health, dental, disability and life insurance benefit plans at the same cost as payable by our other executives for a period of 18 months after the executive officer’s termination. We will have no obligation to provide these continuing benefits if the executive officer becomes entitled to receive them from another employer.

 

   

In each case, all equity awards granted to the executive officer under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan or any subsequent equity incentive plan approved by our Board of Directors will immediately vest, any forfeiture restrictions will immediately lapse and any target bonus performance criteria for the year in which such termination occurs will be treated as satisfied and, in the case of any options, will become vested and exercisable or, at the discretion of our Board of Directors, may be cashed out or cancelled.

 

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Each employment agreement provides that the executive officer or his or her estate is entitled to certain benefits in the event of his death or disability. Specifically, each executive officer, or in the event of the executive officer’s death, his or her beneficiaries, will be entitled to receive:

 

   

the executive officer’s annual salary and other benefits that are earned and accrued under the employment agreement and the applicable benefit plans prior to the date of termination;

 

   

any cash or equity bonus compensation that has been earned and accrued prior to the date of termination;

 

   

immediate vesting of any unvested equity incentive awards, with any applicable performance criteria for the year in which such death or disability occurs being treated as satisfied, and any options will become vested and exercisable or, at the discretion of our Board of Directors, be cashed out or cancelled;

 

   

reimbursement for and/or continuing coverage under our benefit plans for a period of 18 months after the executive officer’s termination; and

 

   

reimbursement for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination.

 

The employment agreements provide that, if a “change in control” (as defined in the employment agreements) occurs, all equity awards granted to the executive officer under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and any subsequent equity incentive plans approved by our Board of Directors will immediately vest (and the performance criteria will be treated as satisfied) and, if applicable, become exercisable.

 

The employment agreements also contain standard confidentiality provisions, which apply indefinitely and non-competition and non-solicitation provisions which apply during the term of the employment agreement and for one year following the executive officer’s termination under certain circumstances.

 

Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer and a member of our Board of Directors, have shared the same residence for the last six years.

 

Vesting of Long-Term Equity Incentive Awards

 

The terms of the time-based LTIP unit awards granted to each of the executive officers and the event-based LTIP unit awards granted to Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes provide that:

 

   

upon termination of the executive’s employment with our company because of his or her death or disability, the unvested awards vest;

 

   

upon resignation of the executive for good reason, the unvested awards vest;

 

   

upon termination of the executive’s employment with our company without cause, the unvested awards vest; and

 

   

upon termination of the executive’s employment with our company, any awards that are not vested on or before the date of termination are forfeited.

 

The time-based and event-based LTIP unit awards granted to Mr. Schmitz, Ms. Hawkes and Mr. Koumriqian also provide that the unvested awards vest upon the executive’s resignation within 90 days after receipt of notice from our company that the executive’s employment agreement will not be renewed. The time-based LTIP unit awards granted to Mr. Kent and Ms. Porter also provide that the unvested awards will vest upon a change in control (as defined in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan).

 

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Termination Payment Table

 

The following table indicates the cash amounts, accelerated vesting and other payments and benefits that the named executive officers would be entitled to receive under various circumstances pursuant to the terms of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, the agreements governing awards made under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and their employment agreements. The table assumes that termination of the named executive officer from the Company under the scenario shown occurred on December 31, 2012.

 

Name and Termination Scenario

   Cash
Payment (1)
    Acceleration of
Vesting of Long-
Term Equity
Incentive Awards (2)
     Excise Tax
Gross-Up
Payments (3)
     Total  

Stephen G. Schmitz —Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

          

For Cause or Without Good Reason

                              

Upon Death or Disability

          $ 3,735,172               $ 3,735,172   

For Good Reason or Without Cause

   $ 3,000,000      $ 3,735,172               $ 6,735,172   

Non-Renewal

   $ 2,000,000      $ 3,735,172               $ 5,735,172   

Laurie A. Hawkes —President and Chief Operating Officer

          

For Cause or Without Good Reason

                              

Upon Death or Disability

          $ 3,735,172               $ 3,735,172   

For Good Reason or Without Cause

   $ 3,000,000      $ 3,735,172               $ 6,735,172   

Non-Renewal

   $ 2,000,000      $ 3,735,172               $ 5,735,172   

Shant Koumriqian —Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer

          

For Cause or Without Good Reason

                              

Upon Death or Disability

          $ 85,000               $ 85,000   

For Good Reason or Without Cause

   $ 568,750      $ 85,000               $ 653,750   

Non-Renewal

   $ 568,750      $ 85,000               $ 653,750   

Andrew G. Kent —Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary

          

For Cause or Without Good Reason

                              

Upon Death or Disability

          $ 255,000               $ 255,000   

For Good Reason or Without Cause

     (4)    $ 255,000               $ 255,000   

Non-Renewal

     (4)    $ 255,000               $ 255,000   

Lani B Porter —Senior Vice President, Operations

          

For Cause or Without Good Reason

                              

Upon Death or Disability

          $ 195,000               $ 195,000   

For Good Reason or Without Cause

     (5)    $ 195,000               $ 195,000   

Non-Renewal

     (5)    $ 195,000               $ 195,000   

 

(1)   This column assumes that there was neither accrued but unpaid salary or bonus compensation nor expense reimbursements unpaid as of December 31, 2012. An executive who is entitled to receive a cash severance payment is also entitled to reimbursement for up to 18 months of COBRA coverage (which is not reflected in this column).
(2)   Amounts in this column reflect accelerated vesting of awards of LTIP units granted pursuant to our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan that were outstanding at December 31, 2012. For information regarding the assumptions made in the valuation of our equity awards, see Note 5 to our consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this prospectus.
(3)  

Our executive officers are not entitled to indemnification for any change in control excise tax liability. Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan provides that our executives will receive either (a) all promised “parachute” payments (with the executive responsible for paying any excise tax) or (b) reduced benefits equal to the

 

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  maximum amount that can be paid without excise tax liability, whichever provides the greater after-tax benefit to the executive.
(4)   No amount is included because Mr. Kent’s employment agreement became effective after the assumed termination date for this table. If his employment agreement had been effective on December 31, 2012 or earlier, this amount would have been $354,502.
(5)   No amount is included because Ms. Porter’s employment agreement became effective after the assumed termination date for this table. If her employment agreement had been effective on December 31, 2012 or earlier, this amount would have been $358,452.

 

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Prior to completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, our Board of Directors adopted, and our two stockholders of record approved, our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan to attract and retain independent directors, executive officers and other key employees and service providers, including officers and employees of our affiliates. Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase shares of our common stock, stock awards, stock appreciation rights, performance units, incentive awards and other equity-based awards (including LTIP units).

 

Administration of our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan is administered by the Compensation Committee, except that our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will be administered by our Board of Directors with respect to awards made to directors who are not employees. This summary uses the term “administrator” to refer to the Compensation Committee or our Board of Directors, as applicable. The administrator approves all terms of awards under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. The administrator also approves who will receive grants under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and the number of shares of our common stock subject to each grant.

 

Eligibility

 

All of our employees and employees of our affiliates and our independent directors are eligible to receive grants under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. In addition, individuals who provide significant services to us or an affiliate, including individuals who provide services to us or an affiliate by virtue of employment with, or providing services to, our operating partnership, may receive grants under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

Share Authorization

 

Prior to completion of the IPO and after giving effect to outstanding awards, the aggregate number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan equals 863,586 shares, which equals 4.687325% of the total number of shares of our common stock that we issued and sold in our initial private offering, our follow-on private offering and our direct private placement. We refer to that percentage as the “Plan Percentage.” The number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will be increased by multiplying the Plan Percentage by the total number of shares sold in any subsequent public or private offering of our common stock, including the IPO, subject to a maximum of 1,500,000 shares.

 

In connection with stock splits, dividends, recapitalizations and certain other events, our Board of Directors will make equitable adjustments that it deems appropriate in the aggregate number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and the terms of outstanding awards.

 

If any options or stock appreciation rights terminate, expire or are canceled, forfeited, exchanged or surrendered without having been exercised or are paid in cash without delivery of common stock or if any stock awards, performance units or other equity-based awards are forfeited, the shares of our common stock subject to such awards will again be available for purposes of our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Shares of our common stock tendered or withheld to satisfy the exercise price or for tax withholding are not available for future grants under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

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Prior to completion of the IPO, we have granted a total of 522,297 awards, in the form of LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock, under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, and 341,289 shares remain available for future issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan before giving effect to the increase in the number of available shares that will result from the IPO. In connection with the IPO, we will issue LTIP units having an aggregate value of $8.75 million to our named executive officers under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Based on the mid-point of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO, we will issue              LTIP units to these executives; the actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in the IPO. In lieu of receiving LTIP units, one of our executives may elect to receive up to $1.1 million of this award in the form of a like number restricted shares of our common stock.

 

Options

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the grant of incentive stock options (under Section 422 of the Code) and options that do not qualify as incentive stock options. The exercise price of each option will be determined by the administrator, provided that the price cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of the shares of our common stock on the date on which the option is granted (or 110% of the shares’ fair market value on the grant date in the case of an incentive stock option granted to an individual who is a “ten percent stockholder” under Sections 422 and 424 of the Code). Except for adjustments to equitably reflect stock splits, stock dividends or similar events, the exercise price of an outstanding option may not be reduced without the approval of our stockholders. The exercise price for any option is generally payable (1) in cash, (2) by certified check, (3) by the surrender of shares of our common stock (or attestation of ownership of shares of our common stock) with an aggregate fair market value on the date on which the option is exercised, equal to the exercise price, or (4) by payment through a broker in accordance with procedures established by the Federal Reserve Board. The term of an option cannot exceed ten years from the date of grant (or five years in the case of an incentive stock option granted to a “ten percent stockholder”). Incentive stock options may only be granted to our employees and employees of our subsidiaries.

 

Stock Awards

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan also provides for the grant of stock awards. A stock award is an award of shares of our common stock that may be subject to restrictions on transfer and other restrictions as the administrator determines in its sole discretion on the date of grant. The restrictions, if any, may lapse over a specified period of time or through the satisfaction of conditions, in installments or otherwise, as the administrator may determine. A participant who receives a stock award will have all of the rights of a stockholder as to those shares, including, without limitation, voting rights and rights to receive distributions. During the period, if any, when stock awards are non-transferable or forfeitable, (1) a participant is prohibited from selling, transferring, pledging, exchanging, hypothecating or otherwise disposing of his or her stock award shares, (2) we will retain custody of the certificates and (3) a participant must deliver a stock power to us for each stock award.

 

Stock Appreciation Rights

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan authorizes the grant of stock appreciation rights. A stock appreciation right provides the recipient with the right to receive, upon exercise of the stock appreciation right, cash, shares of our common stock or a combination of the two. The amount that the recipient will receive upon exercise of the stock appreciation right generally will equal the excess of the fair market value of the shares of our common stock on the date of exercise over the shares’ fair market value on the date of grant. Stock appreciation rights will become exercisable in accordance with terms determined by the Compensation Committee. Stock appreciation rights may be granted in tandem with an option grant or as independent grants. The term of a stock appreciation right cannot exceed ten years from the date of grant or five years in the case of a stock appreciation right granted in tandem with an incentive stock option awarded to a “ten percent stockholder.”

 

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Performance Units

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan also authorizes the grant of performance units. Performance units represent the participant’s right to receive an amount, based on the value of a specified number of shares of our common stock, if performance goals established by the administrator are met. The administrator will determine the applicable performance period, the performance goals and such other conditions that apply to the performance unit. Performance goals may relate to our financial performance or the financial performance of our operating partnership, the participant’s performance or such other criteria determined by the administrator. If the performance goals are met, performance units will be paid in cash, shares of our common stock, other securities or property or a combination thereof.

 

Incentive Awards

 

Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan also authorizes the Compensation Committee to make incentive awards. An incentive award entitles the participant to receive a payment if certain requirements are met. The Compensation Committee will establish the requirements that must be met before an incentive award is earned and the requirements may be stated with reference to one or more performance measures or criteria prescribed by the Compensation Committee. A performance goal or objective may be expressed on an absolute basis or relative to the performance of one or more similarly situated companies or a published index and may be adjusted for unusual or non-recurring events, changes in applicable tax laws or accounting principles. An incentive award that is earned will be settled in a single payment which may be in cash, common stock or a combination of cash and common stock.

 

Other Equity-Based Awards

 

The administrator may grant other types of stock-based awards as other equity-based awards under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, including LTIP units. Other equity-based awards are payable in cash, shares of our common stock or shares or units of such other equity, or a combination thereof, as determined by the administrator. The terms and conditions of other equity-based awards are determined by the administrator.

 

LTIP units are a special class of partnership interest in our operating partnership. Each LTIP unit awarded will be deemed equivalent to an award of one share of our common stock under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, reducing the plan’s share authorization for other awards on a one-for-one basis. We will not receive a tax deduction for the value of any LTIP units granted to our employees. The vesting period for any LTIP units, if any, will be determined at the time of issuance. LTIP units, whether vested or not, will receive the same quarterly per unit distributions as OP units, which distributions will generally equal per-share distributions on shares of our common stock. This treatment with respect to quarterly distributions is similar to the expected treatment of our stock awards, which will generally receive full dividends whether vested or not. Initially, LTIP units will not have full parity with OP units with respect to liquidating distributions. Under the terms of the LTIP units, our operating partnership will revalue its assets upon the occurrence of certain specified events, and any increase in our operating partnership’s valuation from the time of grant until such event will be allocated first to the holders of LTIP units to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of OP unitholders. Upon equalization of the capital accounts of the holders of LTIP units with the other holders of OP units, the LTIP units will achieve full parity with OP units for all purposes, including with respect to liquidating distributions. If such parity is reached, vested LTIP units may be converted into an equal number of OP units at any time, and thereafter enjoy all the rights of OP units, including redemption/exchange rights. However, there are circumstances under which such parity would not be reached. Until and unless such parity is reached, the value that a holder of LTIP units will realize for a given number of vested LTIP units will be less than the value of an equal number of shares of our common stock.

 

Dividend Equivalents

 

The administrator may grant dividend equivalents in connection with the grant of performance units and other equity-based awards. Dividend equivalents may be paid currently or accrued as contingent cash obligations (in which case they may be deemed to have been reinvested in shares of our common stock or otherwise

 

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reinvested) and may be payable in cash, shares of our common stock or other property or a combination of the two. The administrator will determine the terms of any dividend equivalents.

 

Change in Control

 

If we experience a change in control, the administrator may, at its discretion, provide that outstanding options, stock appreciation rights, stock awards, performance units, incentive awards or other equity-based awards that are not exercised prior to the change in control will be assumed by the surviving entity, or will be replaced by a comparable substitute award of substantially equal value granted by the surviving entity. The administrator may also provide that outstanding options and stock appreciation rights will be fully exercisable upon the change in control, restrictions and conditions on outstanding stock awards will lapse upon the change in control and performance units, incentive awards or other equity-based awards will become earned and nonforfeitable in their entirety. The administrator may also provide that participants must surrender their outstanding options and stock appreciation rights, stock awards, performance units, incentive awards and other equity based awards in exchange for a payment, in cash or shares of our common stock or other securities or consideration received by stockholders in the change in control transaction, equal to the value received by stockholders in the change in control transaction (or, in the case of options and stock appreciation rights, the amount by which that transaction value exceeds the exercise price).

 

In summary, a change of control under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan occurs if:

 

   

a person, entity or affiliated group (with certain exceptions) acquires, in a transaction or series of transactions, more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock on a fully diluted basis or the total combined voting power of our outstanding securities;

 

   

there occurs a merger, consolidation, reorganization or business combination, unless the holders of our voting securities immediately prior to such transaction have more than 50% of the combined voting power of the securities in the successor entity or its parent;

 

   

we sell or dispose of all or substantially all of our assets; or

 

   

incumbent directors cease to be a majority of our Board of Directors.

 

The Code has special rules that apply to “parachute payments,” i.e., compensation or benefits the payment of which is contingent upon a change in control. If certain individuals receive parachute payments in excess of a safe harbor amount prescribed by the Code, the payor is denied a federal income tax deduction for a portion of the payments, and the recipient must pay a 20% excise tax, in addition to income tax, on a portion of the payments.

 

If we experience a change in control, benefits provided under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan could be treated as parachute payments. In that event, our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan provides that the plan benefits, and all other parachute payments provided under other plans and agreements, will be reduced to the safe harbor amount, i.e., the maximum amount that may be paid without excise tax liability or loss of deduction, if the reduction allows the recipient to receive greater after-tax benefits. The benefits under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan and other plans and agreements will not be reduced, however, if the recipient will receive greater after-tax benefits (taking into account the 20% excise tax payable by the recipient) by receiving the total benefits.

 

Amendment; Termination

 

Our Board of Directors may amend or terminate our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan at any time, provided that no amendment may adversely impair the rights of participants under outstanding awards. Our stockholders must approve any amendment if such approval is required under applicable law or stock exchange requirements. Our stockholders also must approve, among other things, any amendment that materially increases the benefits accruing to participants under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, materially increases the aggregate number of

 

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shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (other than on account of stock dividends, stock splits, other changes in capitalization or increases by the Plan Percentage in connection with offerings of our common stock, in each case, as described above) or materially modifies the requirements as to eligibility for participation in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Unless terminated sooner by our Board of Directors or extended with stockholder approval, our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will terminate on the day before the tenth anniversary of the date our Board of Directors adopted our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

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PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS

 

The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of shares of our common stock and shares of our common stock issuable upon redemption of OP units (without giving effect to the 12-month restriction on redemption applicable to OP units) and LTIP units, as of the date of this prospectus, by (1) each of our named executive officers, (2) each of our directors, (3) all of our executive officers and directors as a group and (4) each person known by us to be the beneficial owner of five percent or more of shares of our common stock.

 

The SEC has defined “beneficial ownership” of a security to mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of voting power and/or investment power over such security. In computing the number of shares and OP units beneficially owned by a person and the percentage ownership of that person, shares of our common stock subject to options or other rights held by that person that are exercisable or will become exercisable within 60 days after the date of this prospectus, are deemed outstanding, while such shares are not deemed outstanding for purposes of computing percentage ownership of any other person. Each person named in the table has sole voting and investment power with respect to all of the shares of our common stock and OP units shown as beneficially owned by such person, except as otherwise set forth in the notes to the table. Unless otherwise indicated, the address of each named person is c/o American Residential Properties, Inc., 7047 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 350, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254.

 

Name of Beneficial Owner

   Number of Shares
and OP Units
Beneficially Owned
    Percentage of All
Shares (1)
    Percentage of All
Shares and OP Units
Beneficially Owned (2)
 

Stephen G. Schmitz

     550,461 (3)                    

Laurie A. Hawkes

     550,461 (3)                    

Shant Koumriqian

     16,500        *        *   

Andrew G. Kent

     16,000        *        *   

Lani B Porter

     12,000        *        *   

Douglas N. Benham

     3,720        *        *   

David M. Brain

     3,720        *        *   

Keith R. Guericke

     3,720        *        *   

Todd W. Mansfield

     2,500        *        *   

All directors and executive officers as a group
(9 persons)

     1,159,082                     

Anchorage Capital Master Offshore, Ltd. (4)

     3,509,362                     

Kendall Family Investments, LLC (5)

     1,800,000                     

 

*   Represents less than 1%.
(1)   Assumes              shares of our common stock are outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. In addition, amounts shown for individuals assume that all OP units and LTIP units held by the person are exchanged for shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. The total number of shares of our common stock outstanding used in calculating this percentage assumes that none of the OP units or LTIP units held by other persons are exchanged for shares of our common stock.
(2)  

Assumes a total of              shares of our common stock, OP units and LTIP units are outstanding as of the date of this prospectus. OP units may be redeemed for cash or, at our election, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis as described in “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement.” Initially, LTIP units will not have full parity with OP units with respect to liquidating distributions. Under the terms of the LTIP units, our operating partnership will revalue its assets upon the occurrence of certain specified events, and any increase in our operating partnership’s valuation from the time of grant until such event will be allocated first to the holders of LTIP units to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of OP unitholders. Upon equalization of the capital accounts of the holders of LTIP units with the other holders of OP units, the LTIP units will achieve full parity with OP units for all purposes, including with respect to liquidating distributions. If such parity is reached, vested LTIP units may be

 

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  converted into an equal number of OP units at any time, and thereafter enjoy all the rights of OP units, including redemption/exchange rights. However, there are circumstances under which such parity would not be reached.
(3)   Includes:
  (a)   500 shares of our common stock issued and sold in connection with our initial capitalization to each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes;
  (b)   150,000 shares of our common stock owned by Phoenix Fund. ARP Phoenix Fund I GP, LLC is the general partner of Phoenix Fund and exercises voting and dispositive power over these shares. Each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes owns a 50% membership interest in ARP Phoenix Fund I GP, LLC. Accordingly, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes share voting and dispositive power over these shares. Except to the extent of their pecuniary interest in Phoenix Fund, each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes disclaims beneficial ownership of these shares;
  (c)   175,000 OP units owned by ARM, which is jointly owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes. Accordingly, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes share dispositive power over these OP units. Except to the extent of their pecuniary interest in ARM, each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes disclaims beneficial ownership of these OP units; and
  (d)   224,961 LTIP units issued to each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes.
(4)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by Anchorage Capital Master Offshore, Ltd. is exercised by Anthony Davis and Kevin Ulrich. The address of the stockholder is 610 Broadway, 6 th Floor, New York, New York 10012.

(5)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by Kendall Family Investments, LLC is exercised by Louis M. Bacon. The address of the stockholder is 1251 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020.

 

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CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS

 

Pursuant to a contribution and sale agreement between our operating partnership and ARM, an entity jointly owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, entered into on May 11, 2012 upon completion of our initial private offering, our operating partnership issued an aggregate of 175,000 OP units to ARM, having an aggregate value of $3,500,000 based on the offering price per share of our common stock in our initial private offering, as consideration for the contribution by ARM of substantially all of ARM’s assets to our operating partnership. All of these OP units were fully vested upon the contribution of the ARM assets, but one-half of these OP units are subject to transfer restrictions that will lapse upon the earlier of the registration and the listing on a national securities exchange of the shares sold in our initial private offering, a change in control of our company or the third anniversary of the completion date of our initial private offering. Our operating partnership also assumed various contracts and liabilities of ARM, hired all of ARM’s employees in connection with the contribution transaction and purchased certain ARM assets for an aggregate of approximately $85,000 in cash. We did not conduct arm’s-length negotiations with respect to the terms of the contribution by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes of the ARM assets to our operating partnership. In the course of structuring these transactions, Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes had the ability to influence the type and level of benefits that they received from us.

 

On May 11, 2012, upon completion of our initial private offering and the contribution to our operating partnership of the ARM assets as described above, our TRS entered into a cancelable sub-management agreement with ARM pursuant to which, from May 11, 2012 through February 11, 2013, our TRS provided services to ARM to enable ARM to perform its obligations under the management agreement between ARM and Phoenix Fund. These services included property restoration, leasing, management and disposition services with respect to the properties owned by Phoenix Fund. These were essentially the same services that the ARM employees whom we hired in connection with the contribution transaction referenced above provide to us with respect to our self-managed properties. Under the sub-management agreement, ARM was required to reimburse our TRS for the actual expenses incurred by our TRS to perform its obligations under the sub-management agreement, plus a fee in an amount equal to 1.0% of the gross rental revenue earned by Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by ARM. For the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, ARM paid a management fee to us of $238,000. ARM in turn earned a property management fee equal to 6.0% of Phoenix Fund’s gross rental revenue under the management agreement between ARM and Phoenix Fund. In order to simplify the relationships among these parties, on February 11, 2013, ARM, Phoenix Fund and our TRS terminated these arrangements, and our TRS entered into a management agreement directly with Phoenix Fund, pursuant to which our TRS provides the same services to Phoenix Fund for a fee in an amount equal to 6.0% of the gross rental revenue received by Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by our TRS. ARM no longer receives any fees from Phoenix Fund. The general partner of Phoenix Fund is ARP Phoenix Fund I GP, LLC, or Phoenix Fund GP, which is owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes. Phoenix Fund GP earns fees for providing acquisition, investment analysis, day-to-day management and administrative services to Phoenix Fund. Phoenix Fund GP is also entitled to out-performance distributions after the limited partners receive a return of their invested capital and a pre-defined return on investment. Phoenix Fund GP is not entitled to be paid disposition fees upon the sale of the properties. To date, Phoenix Fund has made no distributions or dispositions.

 

Phoenix Fund purchased 150,000 shares of our common stock in our initial private offering at the offering price without payment of any initial purchaser’s discount or placement fee. We granted Phoenix Fund the same registration rights with respect to the shares of our common stock it purchased that other investors in our initial private offering received. We will bear expenses incident to the registration of these shares.

 

Upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, we granted an aggregate of 474,922 LTIP units under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan to certain of our executive officers and independent directors.

 

Upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, we entered into employment agreements with Mr. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Ms. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating

 

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Officer and a member of our Board of Directors. In April 2013, we amended and restated those employment agreements and entered into employment agreements with Mr. Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, and Ms. Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations. See “Management—Employment Agreements.”

 

Upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012 (and in Mr. Mansfield’s case, upon his joining our Board of Directors in April 2013), we entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors under which we are required to indemnify our directors against claims and liabilities that they incur as a result of their service to us as directors, subject to certain exceptions.

 

Each holder of OP units, including ARM, which is jointly owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, have certain registration rights. See “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement—Redemption Rights.”

 

In November 2012, we granted an aggregate of 29,000 LTIP units under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan to Mr. Koumriqian, our Chief Financial Officer, Mr. Kent, our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary, and Ms. Porter, our Senior Vice President, Operations.

 

We have adopted a written policy for the review and approval of related person transactions requiring disclosure under Item 404(a) of Regulation S-K. This policy, which is part of the charter of the Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, provides that that committee is responsible for reviewing and approving or disapproving all interested transactions, meaning any transaction, arrangement or relationship in which (1) the amount involved may be expected to exceed $120,000 in any fiscal year, (2) our company or one of our subsidiaries will be a participant and (3) a related person has a direct or indirect material interest. A related person is defined as an executive officer, director or nominee for election as director, or a greater than 5% beneficial owner of our common stock, or an immediate family member of the foregoing. The policy may deem certain interested transactions to be pre-approved.

 

In April 2013, we granted 2,500 LTIP units to Mr. Mansfield upon his joining our Board of Directors.

 

In connection with the IPO, we will issue LTIP units having an aggregate value of $8.75 million to our named executive officers under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. The actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in the IPO. Based on the mid-point of the estimated range of the price to public in the IPO, we will issue              LTIP units to these executives. In lieu of receiving LTIP units, one of our executives may elect to receive up to $1.1 million of this award in the form of a like number restricted shares of our common stock.

 

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SELLING STOCKHOLDERS

 

The selling stockholders listed in the table below may from time to time offer and sell any or all shares of our common stock set forth below pursuant to this prospectus. When we refer to “selling stockholders” in this prospectus, we mean the persons listed in the table below, and the pledgees, donees, permitted transferees, assignees, successors and others who later come to hold any of the selling stockholders’ interests in shares of our common stock other than through a public sale.

 

Certain selling stockholders may be deemed underwriters as defined in the Securities Act. Any profits realized by the selling stockholders may be deemed underwriting commissions.

 

The following table sets forth, as of the date of this prospectus, the name of the selling stockholders for whom we are registering shares for resale to the public, and the number of shares that each selling stockholder may offer pursuant to this prospectus. The shares offered by the selling stockholders were originally issued and sold by us in our initial private offering in May 2012, our follow-on private offering in December 2012 and an additional private placement in January 2013 pursuant to exemptions from the registration requirements of the Securities Act. We agreed to file a registration statement covering the shares of our common stock received by the selling stockholders. We have filed with the SEC, under the Securities Act, a Registration Statement on Form S-l1 with respect to the resale of the shares of our common stock from time to time by the selling stockholders, and this prospectus forms a part of that registration statement.

 

We have been advised that, as noted below in the footnotes to the table, five of the selling stockholders are affiliates of broker-dealers. We have been advised that each of such selling stockholders purchased shares of common stock in the ordinary course of business, not for resale, and that none of such selling stockholders had, at the time of purchase, any agreements or understandings, directly or indirectly, with any person to distribute shares of our common stock. All selling stockholders are subject to Rule 105 of Regulation M and are precluded from engaging in any short selling activities prior to effectiveness of the registration of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

Except as noted below in the footnotes to the table, none of the selling stockholders have, or have had since our inception, any position, office or other material relationship with us or any of our affiliates. Based on information provided to us by the selling stockholders and as of the date the same was provided to us, assuming that the selling stockholders sell all the shares of our common stock beneficially owned by them that have been registered by us and do not acquire any additional shares during the offering, the selling stockholders will not own any shares other than those appearing in the column entitled “Number of Shares Owned After the Offering.” We cannot advise as to whether the selling stockholders will in fact sell any or all of such shares. In addition, the selling stockholders may have sold, transferred or otherwise disposed of, or may sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of, at any time and from time to time, the shares in transactions exempt from the registration requirements of the Securities Act after the date on which they provided the information set forth on the table below.

 

Selling Stockholder (1)

   Number of
Shares Owned
Prior to the
Offering
     Number of
Shares that
May be
Sold
     Number of Shares
Owned After the
Offering
 

3-Sigma Value, LP (2)

     15,000         15,000           

Amici Capital, LLC (3)

     890,000         890,000           

Anchorage Capital Master Offshore, Ltd. (4)

     3,509,362         3,509,362           

Andrew G. Kent (5)

     1,000         1,000           

ARP Phoenix Fund I, LP (6)

     150,000         150,000           

Barbara M. Henajan

     6,000         6,000           

Barnett Development Corp. (7)

     12,500         12,500           

 

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Selling Stockholder (1)

   Number of
Shares Owned
Prior to the
Offering
     Number of
Shares that
May be
Sold
     Number of Shares
Owned After the
Offering
 

Booth & Co.—fbo Fidelity Securities Fund:

        

Fidelity Series Real Estate Income Fund (8)

     19,500         19,500             —       

Bost & Co. FBO Fidelity Salem Street Trust: Fidelity

        

Strategic Return Fund (9)

     4,900         4,900           

Calm Waters Partnership (10)

     178,420         178,420           

Catlin Underwriting Agencies Limited for and on behalf of Syndicate 2003 (11)

     487,805         487,805           

Cede & Company FBO Fidelity Securities Fund:

        

Fidelity Real Estate Income Fund (12)

     121,941         121,941           

Charles H. Barris

     5,000         5,000           

Clough Global Allocation Fund (13)

     34,000         34,000           

Clough Global Equity Fund (13)

     56,000         56,000           

Clough Global Opportunities Fund (13)

     145,000         145,000           

Clough Investment Partners I, LP (13)

     171,000         171,000           

Clough Offshore Fund (QP), Ltd. (13)

     15,000         15,000           

Clough Offshore Fund, Ltd. (13)

     70,000         70,000           

Craig R. Watson

     3,000         3,000           

Dahlia Loeb

     3,000         3,000           

Daniel M. LeBey

     500         500           

David M. Brain (14)

     1,220         1,220           

Donald G. Raible & Mirella I. Raible

     1,250         1,250           

Donna F. Calvert Revocable Trust

     2,250         2,250           

Dorieanne Winters

     500         500           

Douglas N. and Carey W. Benham (15)

     1,220         1,220           

Evan L. Julber

     5,000         5,000           

Evan L. Julber, IRA IRA R/O

     4,650         4,650           

FBR Capital Markets & Co. (16)

     53,607         53,607           

FBR Capital Markets PT, Inc. (17)

     75,000         75,000           

Gold Coast Capital Subsidiary IX, Ltd. (13)

     9,000         9,000           

Gregory Powell

     1,000         1,000           

GRF Master Fund II, L.P. (18)

     491,858         491,858           

Harry D. Wight

     1,000         1,000           

Jamakepe Investments LLC (19)

     75,000         75,000           

Jeffrey O’Donnell and Kathleen O’Donnell

     4,250         4,250           

Jerry Schiano

     5,000         5,000           

Joseph Vernace and Stephanie Vernace

     2,000         2,000           

Kendall Family Investments, LLC (20)

     1,800,000         1,800,000           

Lani B Porter (21)

     500         500           

Lindsey Weinger

     2,000         2,000           

Lowell Associates LP (22)

     7,500         7,500           

Marc D. Zimman and Sarah M. Zimman

     12,500         12,500           

Mark W. & Kristin P. Wickersham

     1,000         1,000           

Michael J. Ziegler

     1,000         1,000           

Michael L. Weiser and Julie Greiner Weiser

        

JTWROS

     5,000         5,000           

Neuberger Berman Equity Fund (23)

     595,350         595,350           

Paul Polries

     3,750         3,750           

Peter J. Hicks

     1,000         1,000           

 

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Selling Stockholder (1)

   Number of
Shares Owned
Prior to the
Offering
     Number of
Shares that
May be Sold
     Number of Shares
Owned After the
Offering

RAI Associates LLC (24)

     50,000         50,000           —    

Richard M. Roderick (25)

     5,000         5,000      

Ryan P. Spayde

     12,500         12,500      

Sakonnet Master Fund II, L.P. (26)

     220,000         220,000      

Shant and Anahid F. Koumriqian (27)

     11,500         11,500      

Shirley Weinger IRA

     5,000         5,000      

Stacey Reinhardt Silpe

     2,000         2,000      

Stichting Depositary APG Tactical Real Estate

        

Pool (28)

     500,000         500,000      

Sunnyside Partners L.P. (29)

     5,000         5,000      

Suzanne Burke

     1,000         1,000      

T/U/A of Armando Anido

     5,000         5,000      

The James and Mary George Dynasty Trust (30)

     12,500         12,500      

The Richard W. Gray, III Living Trust

     12,500         12,500      

Thomas J. Ingelsby & Rosemarie A. Ingelsby

     250         250      

TRB Fund I LP (31)

     1,356,707         1,356,707      

V3 Capital Management, L.P. (32)

     175,000         175,000      

William & Deborah Davis Family Foundation

     4,000         4,000      

Zeke, LP (33)

     101,750         101,750      
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

Total

     11,542,040         11,542,040      
  

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

(1)   Except as described in footnotes 5, 14, 16, 18, 19, 24 and 30 below, none of the selling stockholders has had any position, office or other material relationship with our company or any of affiliates within the past three years.
(2)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by 3-Sigma Value LP is exercised by Benjamin Weinger. The address of the stockholder is 575 Madison Avenue, 9 th Floor #122, New York, New York 10022.

(3)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by Amici Capital, LLC is exercised by Paul Orlin. The address of the stockholder is 666 5 th Avenue, Suite 3403, New York, New York 10103.

(4)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by Anchorage Capital Master Offshore, Ltd. is exercised by Anthony Davis and Kevin Ulrich. The address of the stockholder is 610 Broadway, 6 th Floor, New York, New York 10012.

(5)   Mr. Kent is our Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary.
(6)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by ARP Phoenix Fund I, LP is exercised by Laurie A. Hawkes. The address of the stockholder is 7047 E. Greenway Parkway, Suite 350, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254.
(7)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by Barnett Development Corp. is exercised by William Barnett, III. The address of the stockholder is 158 W. Main Street, Spartanburg, South Carolina 29306.
(8)  

Affiliated with a registered broker-dealer. The entity is an investment company registered under Section 8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Fund”) advised by Fidelity Management & Research Company, 82 Devonshire Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, a wholly-owned subsidiary of FMR LLC and an investment adviser registered under Section 203 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Edward C. Johnson 3d and FMR LLC, through its control of Fidelity, and the Fund each has sole power to dispose of the securities owned by the Fund. Members of the family of Edward C. Johnson 3d, Chairman of FMR LLC, are the predominant owners, directly or through trusts, of Series B voting common shares of FMR LLC, representing 49% of the voting power of FMR LLC. The Johnson family group and all other Series B shareholders have entered into a shareholders’ voting agreement under which all Series B voting common shares will be voted in accordance with the majority vote of Series B voting common shares. Accordingly,

 

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  through their ownership of voting common shares and the execution of the shareholders’ voting agreement, members of the Johnson family may be deemed, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, to form a controlling group with respect to FMR LLC. Neither FMR LLC nor Edward C. Johnson 3d, Chairman of FMR LLC, has the sole power to vote or direct the voting of the shares owned directly by the Fund, which power resides with the Fund’s Boards of Trustees. Fidelity carries out the voting of the shares under written guidelines established by the Fund’s Boards of Trustees.
(9)   Affiliated with a registered broker-dealer. The entity is an investment company registered under Section 8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Fund”) advised by Fidelity, 82 Devonshire Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, a wholly-owned subsidiary of FMR LLC and an investment adviser registered under Section 203 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Edward C. Johnson 3d and FMR LLC, through its control of Fidelity, and the Fund each has sole power to dispose of the securities owned by the Fund. Members of the family of Edward C. Johnson 3d, Chairman of FMR LLC, are the predominant owners, directly or through trusts, of Series B voting common shares of FMR LLC, representing 49% of the voting power of FMR LLC. The Johnson family group and all other Series B shareholders have entered into a shareholders’ voting agreement under which all Series B voting common shares will be voted in accordance with the majority vote of Series B voting common shares. Accordingly, through their ownership of voting common shares and the execution of the shareholders’ voting agreement, members of the Johnson family may be deemed, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, to form a controlling group with respect to FMR LLC. Neither FMR LLC nor Edward C. Johnson 3d, Chairman of FMR LLC, has the sole power to vote or direct the voting of the shares owned directly by the Fund, which power resides with the Fund’s Boards of Trustees. Fidelity carries out the voting of the shares under written guidelines established by the Fund’s Boards of Trustees.
(10)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by Calm Waters Partnership is exercised by Richard S. Strong. The address of the stockholder is 115 S. 84 th Street, Suite 200, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53214.

(11)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by Catlin Underwriting Agencies Limited for and on behalf of Syndicate 2003 is exercised by Dhruv Narain. The address of the stockholder is c/o Catlin Inc. 32 Old Slip, 36 th Floor, New York, New York 10005.

(12)   Affiliated with a registered broker-dealer. The entity is an investment company registered under Section 8 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “Fund”) advised by Fidelity, 82 Devonshire Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, a wholly-owned subsidiary of FMR LLC and an investment adviser registered under Section 203 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. Edward C. Johnson 3d and FMR LLC, through its control of Fidelity, and the Fund each has sole power to dispose of the securities owned by the Fund. Members of the family of Edward C. Johnson 3d, Chairman of FMR LLC, are the predominant owners, directly or through trusts, of Series B voting common shares of FMR LLC, representing 49% of the voting power of FMR LLC. The Johnson family group and all other Series B shareholders have entered into a shareholders’ voting agreement under which all Series B voting common shares will be voted in accordance with the majority vote of Series B voting common shares. Accordingly, through their ownership of voting common shares and the execution of the shareholders’ voting agreement, members of the Johnson family may be deemed, under the Investment Company Act of 1940, to form a controlling group with respect to FMR LLC. Neither FMR LLC nor Edward C. Johnson 3d, Chairman of FMR LLC, has the sole power to vote or direct the voting of the shares owned directly by the Fund, which power resides with the Fund’s Boards of Trustees. Fidelity carries out the voting of the shares under written guidelines established by the Fund’s Boards of Trustees.
(13)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by Clough Capital Partners, LP is exercised by Eric A. Brock. The address of the stockholder is One Post Office Square, 40 th Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02109.

(14)   Mr. Brain a member of our Board of Directors.
(15)   Mr. Benham is a member of our Board of Directors.
(16)  

FBR Capital Markets & Co. was the initial purchaser and placement agent in our initial private offering in May 2012 and our follow-private offering in December 2012. Voting and investment control over the shares held by FBR Capital Markets & Co. is exercised by the Investment Committee of FBR & Co. The members of the Investment Committee responsible for such voting and investment control are: Richard J. Hendrix,

 

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  Bradley J. Wright and James C. Neuhauser, each of whom disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares. No single member of the Investment Committee has the sole capacity to act on behalf of the Investment Committee. The address of the stockholders is 1001 Nineteenth St. North, Arlington, VA 22209.
(17)   FBR Capital Markets & Co. was the initial purchaser and placement agent in our initial private offering in May 2012 and our follow-private offering in December 2012. Voting and investment control over the shares held by FBR Capital Markets PT, Inc. is exercised by the Investment Committee of FBR & Co. The members of the Investment Committee responsible for such voting and investment control are: Richard J. Hendrix, Bradley J. Wright and James C. Neuhauser, each of whom disclaims beneficial ownership of the shares. No single member of the Investment Committee has the sole capacity to act on behalf of the Investment Committee. The address of the stockholders is 1001 Nineteenth St. North, Arlington, VA 22209.
(18)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by GRF Master Fund II, L.P. is exercised by Anthony Davis and Keith Ulrich. The address of the stockholder is 610 Broadway, 6 th Floor, New York, New York 10012.

(19)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by Jamakepe Investments LLC is exercised by Matthew Edmonds. The address of the stockholder is 767 Fifth Avenue, 12 th Floor, New York, New York 10153.

(20)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by Kendall Family Investments, LLC is exercised by Louis M. Bacon. The address of the stockholder is 1251 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York 10020.
(21)   Ms. Porter is our Senior Vice President, Operations.
(22)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by Lowell Associates LP is exercised by Scott Weiser. The address of the stockholder is 2275 Half Day Road, Suite 335, Bannockburn, Illinois 60015.
(23)   Affiliated with a registered broker-dealer. Managed by Neuberger Berman Management LLC, adviser and distributer of Neuberger Berman Real Estate Fund. Voting and investment control over the shares held by Neuberger Berman Equity Fund is exercised by Robert Conti. The address of the stockholder is 605 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10158.
(24)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by RAI Associates LLC is exercised by Heath Watkin. The address of the stockholder is 767 Fifth Avenue, 12 th Floor, New York, New York 10153.

(25)   This investor has disclosed that he is also an investor in Phoenix Fund.
(26)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by Sakonnet Master Fund II, L.P. is exercised by Chris W. Shumway. The address of the stockholder is 100 West Putnam Avenue, Greenwich, Connecticut 06830.
(27)   Mr. Koumriqian is our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer.
(28)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by Stichting Depository APG Tactical Real Estate Pool is exercised by Mary Hogan-Preusse. The address of the stockholder is c/o APG Asset Management US Inc. 666 Third Avenue, 2 nd Floor, New York, New York 10017.

(29)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by Sunnyside Partners L.P. is exercised by David T. Harris. The address of the stockholder is 40 West 57 th , 19 th Floor, New York, New York 10019.

(30)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by The James and Mary George Dynasty Trust is exercised by Steven L. Shapiro. The address of the stockholder is 532 Cooper Street, Woodbury, New Jersey 08096.
(31)  

Voting and investment control over the shares held by TRB Fund I LP is exercised by Timothy R. Barakett. The address of the stockholder is 767 Fifth Avenue, 12 th Floor, New York, New York 10153.

(32)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by V3 Capital Management, L.P. is exercised by Charles Fitzgerald. The address of the stockholder is 400 Park Avenue, Suite 1430, New York, New York 10022.
(33)   Voting and investment control over the shares held by Zeke, LP is exercised by Edward Antoian. The address of the stockholder is 1235 Westlakes Drive, Suite 400, Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312.

 

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

 

The following is a summary of the material terms of our capital stock and of certain provisions in our charter and bylaws. For a complete description, you are urged to review in their entirety our charter and our bylaws, which are filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part, and applicable Maryland law. See “Where You Can Find Additional Information.”

 

General

 

Our charter provides that we may issue up to 600,000,000 shares of our stock, consisting of 500,000,000 shares of our common stock, $0.01 par value per share, and up to 100,000,000 shares of our preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share. Our charter authorizes our Board of Directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire board and without any action on the part of our stockholders, to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock or the number of authorized shares of stock of any class or series without stockholder approval. As of the date of this prospectus, we had              outstanding shares of our common stock and no outstanding shares of our preferred stock. Under Maryland law, stockholders generally are not liable for a corporation’s debts or obligations.

 

Common Stock

 

Subject to the preferential rights, if any, of holders of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, holders of our common stock:

 

   

have the right to receive ratably any distributions from funds legally available therefor, when, as and if authorized by our Board of Directors and declared by us; and

 

   

are entitled to share ratably in the assets of our company legally available for distribution to the holders of our common stock in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs.

 

There are generally no redemption, sinking fund, conversion, preemptive or appraisal rights with respect to our common stock.

 

Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock and except as may otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of stock, each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors, and, except as may be provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of such shares will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of our directors, and directors will be elected by a plurality of all the votes cast in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election, and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.

 

Power to Reclassify and Issue Stock

 

Our Board of Directors may classify any unissued shares of preferred stock, and reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock or any previously classified but unissued shares of preferred stock into other classes or series of stock, including one or more classes or series of stock that have priority over our common stock with respect to voting rights or distributions or upon liquidation, and authorize us to issue the newly classified shares. Prior to the issuance of shares of each class or series, our Board of Directors is required by the MGCL and our charter to set, subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each such class or series. These actions can be taken without stockholder approval, unless stockholder approval is required by applicable law, the terms

 

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of any other class or series of our stock or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our stock may be then listed or quoted.

 

Power to Increase or Decrease Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Our Common and Preferred Stock

 

Our charter authorizes our Board of Directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire board, to amend our charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock or the number of authorized shares of stock of any class or series without stockholder approval. We believe that the power of our Board of Directors to increase or decrease the number of authorized shares of stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause us to issue such shares of stock will provide us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The additional classes or series, as well as the additional shares of stock, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless such action is required by applicable law, the terms of any other class or series of stock or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our Board of Directors does not intend to do so, it could authorize us to issue a class or series that could, depending upon the terms of the particular class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interests.

 

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

 

In order to qualify as a REIT under the Code, our shares of stock must be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made) or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year. Also, not more than 50% of the value of our outstanding shares of capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made).

 

Because our Board of Directors believes it is at present in our best interests for us to qualify as a REIT, our charter, subject to certain exceptions, contains restrictions on the number of our shares of stock that a person may own. Our charter provides that, subject to certain exceptions, no person may beneficially or constructively own more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of our capital stock, or the Ownership Limit.

 

Our charter also prohibits any person from:

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning or transferring shares of our capital stock if such ownership or transfer would result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a year);

 

   

transferring shares of our capital stock if such transfer would result in our capital stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons, effective beginning on the date on which we first have 100 stockholders;

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning shares of our capital stock to the extent such beneficial or constructive ownership would cause us to constructively own 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant (other than a taxable REIT subsidiary) of our real property within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code; or

 

   

beneficially or constructively owning or transferring shares of our capital stock if such beneficial or constructive ownership or transfer would otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code.

 

Our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt (prospectively or retroactively) a person from the 9.8% ownership limit and other restrictions in our charter and may establish or increase an excepted holder

 

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percentage limit for such person if our Board of Directors obtains such representations, covenants and undertakings as it deems appropriate in order to conclude that granting the exemption and/or establishing or increasing the excepted holder percentage limit will not cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT. Our Board of Directors may require a ruling from the IRS or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance satisfactory to our Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, in order to determine or ensure our status as a REIT.

 

Any attempted transfer of shares of our capital stock which, if effective, would violate any of the restrictions described above will result in the number of shares of our capital stock causing the violation (rounded up to the nearest whole share) to be automatically transferred to a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries, except that any transfer that results in the violation of the restriction relating to shares of our capital stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons will be void ab initio . In either case, the proposed transferee will not acquire any rights in those shares. The automatic transfer will be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the purported transfer or other event that results in the transfer to the trust. Shares held in the trust will be issued and outstanding shares. The proposed transferee will not benefit economically from ownership of any shares held in the trust, will have no rights to dividends or other distributions and will have no rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares held in the trust. The trustee of the trust will have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares held in the trust. These rights will be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the charitable beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to our discovery that shares have been transferred to the trust will be paid by the recipient to the trustee upon demand. Any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid will be paid when due to the trustee. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the trustee will be held in trust for the charitable beneficiary. Subject to Maryland law, the trustee will have the authority (1) to rescind as void any vote cast by the proposed transferee prior to our discovery that the shares have been transferred to the trust and (2) to recast the vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. However, if we have already taken irreversible corporate action, then the trustee will not have the authority to rescind and recast the vote.

 

Within 20 days of receiving notice from us that shares of our stock have been transferred to the trust, the trustee will sell the shares to a person, designated by the trustee, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the above ownership and transfer limitations. Upon the sale, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the proposed transferee and to the charitable beneficiary as follows. The proposed transferee will receive the lesser of (1) the price paid by the proposed transferee for the shares or, if the proposed transferee did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the trust (e.g., a gift, devise or other similar transaction), the market price (as defined in our charter) of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the trust and (2) the price per share received by the trustee (net of any commission and other expenses of sale) from the sale or other disposition of the shares. The trustee may reduce the amount payable to the proposed transferee by the amount of dividends and other distributions that have been paid to the proposed transferee and are owed by the proposed transferee to the trustee. Any net sale proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the proposed transferee will be paid immediately to the charitable beneficiary. If, prior to our discovery that shares of our stock have been transferred to the trust, the shares are sold by the proposed transferee, then (1) the shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and (2) to the extent that the proposed transferee received an amount for the shares that exceeds the amount he or she was entitled to receive, the excess shall be paid to the trustee upon demand.

 

In addition, shares of our stock held in the trust will be deemed to have been offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (1) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in the transfer to the trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the market price at the time of the devise or gift) and (2) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accept the offer, which we may reduce by the amount of dividends and distributions that have been paid to the proposed transferee and are owed by the proposed transferee to the trustee. We will have the right to accept the offer until the trustee has sold the shares. Upon a sale to us, the

 

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interest of the charitable beneficiary in the shares sold will terminate and the trustee will distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the proposed transferee.

 

If a transfer to a charitable trust, as described above, would be ineffective for any reason to prevent a violation of a restriction, the transfer that would have resulted in a violation will be void ab initio , and the proposed transferee shall acquire no rights in those shares.

 

Any certificate representing shares of our capital stock, and any notices delivered in lieu of certificates with respect to the issuance or transfer of uncertificated shares, will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above. We do not expect to issue certificates representing shares of our capital stock.

 

Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our capital stock that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on ownership and transfer, or any person who would have owned shares of our capital stock that resulted in a transfer of shares to a charitable trust, is required to give written notice immediately to us, or in the case of a proposed or attempted transaction, to give at least 15 days’ prior written notice, and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect of the transfer on our status as a REIT. The foregoing restrictions on ownership and transfer will not apply if our Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions is no longer necessary in order for us to qualify as a REIT.

 

Every owner of more than 5% (or any lower percentage as required by the Code or the regulations promulgated thereunder) in number or value of the outstanding shares of our capital stock, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, is required to give us written notice, stating his or her name and address, the number of shares of each class and series of shares of our capital stock that he or she beneficially owns and a description of the manner in which the shares are held. Each of these owners must provide us with additional information that we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of his or her beneficial ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the ownership limits. In addition, each stockholder will upon demand be required to provide us with information that we may request in good faith in order to determine our status as a REIT and to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine our compliance.

 

These ownership limitations could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for shares of our common stock or otherwise be in the best interest of our stockholders.

 

Transfer Agent and Registrar

 

We have retained American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC as the transfer agent and registrar for our common stock.

 

Registration Rights

 

The purchasers of common stock in our initial private offering and our follow-on private offering are entitled to the benefits of registration rights agreements between us and the initial purchaser and placement agent in those offerings, acting for itself and for the benefit of the investors in those offerings, the forms of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

Under the registration rights agreements, we agreed, at our expense, to use our commercially reasonable efforts to file with the SEC as soon as reasonably practicable but in no event later than April 30, 2013 a shelf registration statement registering for resale the registrable shares (as defined in the registration rights agreements) plus any additional shares of our common stock issued in respect thereof whether by stock dividend, stock distribution, stock split, or otherwise. We refer to this registration statement as the “resale shelf registration

 

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statement.” We have filed with the SEC, under the Securities Act, a Registration Statement on Form S-l1 with respect to the resale of the shares of our common stock from time to time by the selling stockholders, and this prospectus forms a part of that registration statement.

 

If, by April 30, 2013, we have not filed the resale shelf registration statement, other than as a result of the SEC being unable to accept such filings, then each of Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, if employed by us and owed a bonus with respect to services performed in 2012, will forfeit 50% of their annual and/or discretionary bonus that otherwise would be payable to him or her with respect to services performed in 2012, and shall thereafter forfeit an additional 10% of that bonus for each complete calendar month such default continues after April 30, 2013, whether under an employment agreement with us, a bonus plan or any other bonus arrangement, until the shelf registration statement is filed. No bonuses, compensation, awards, equity compensation or other amounts will be payable or granted in lieu of or to make Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes whole for any such forfeited bonuses.

 

In addition, if, prior to October 29, 2013, either (1) a shelf registration statement for the resale of the registrable shares has not been declared effective by the SEC and we have not completed an initial public offering of our common stock pursuant to a registration statement filed for that purpose or (2) our common stock has not been listed for trading on a national securities exchange, then the registration rights agreements and our bylaws require that we hold a special meeting of our stockholders for the purpose of considering and voting on the removal of our directors then in office and electing the successors of any directors so removed, unless the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote thereon (other than shares held by our executive officers) consent to a waiver or deferral of the requirement that we hold the special meeting.

 

Each selling stockholder has agreed with us not to directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell, grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of our common stock for 60 days after the date of this prospectus. We have agreed not to waive or otherwise modify this agreement without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of the IPO.

 

We will agree to indemnify each selling stockholder for certain violations of federal or state securities laws in connection with any registration statement in which such selling stockholder sells its shares of our common stock pursuant to these registration rights.

 

The preceding summary of certain provisions of the registration rights agreements is not intended to be complete, and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, all of the provisions of the registration rights agreements, the forms of which have been filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.

 

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SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE

 

General

 

Upon completion of the IPO, we will have              shares of our common stock outstanding (assuming the over-allotment option granted to the underwriters in the IPO to purchase up to an additional              shares is not exercised). Of the total shares of our common stock to be outstanding upon completion of the IPO,              shares, all of which were issued in connection with our initial capitalization, grants of restricted shares of our common stock, our initial private offering in May 2012, our follow-on private offering in December 2012 or our direct private placement in January 2013, will be “restricted” securities under the meaning of Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act and may not be sold in the absence of registration under the Securities Act unless an exemption from registration is available, including exemptions contained in Rule 144. We have filed a registration statement to register the common stock sold in our initial private offering, our follow-on private offering and our direct private placement, and this prospectus forms a part of that registration statement. See “Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights.”

 

Rule 144

 

In general, under Rule 144, a person (or persons whose shares are aggregated) who is not an affiliate of ours and has not been one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding a sale, and who has beneficially owned the restricted securities proposed to be sold for at least one year, including the holding period of any prior owner other than an affiliate, is entitled to sell his or her securities without registration and without complying with the manner of sale, public information, volume limitation or notice provisions of Rule 144. In addition, under Rule 144, once we have been subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act for at least 90 days, a person (or persons whose securities are aggregated) who is not an affiliate of ours and has not been one of our affiliates at any time during the three months preceding a sale, may sell his or her securities without registration, subject to the continued availability of current public information about us after only a six-month holding period. Any sales by affiliates under Rule 144, even after the applicable holding periods, are subject to requirements and/or limitations with respect to volume, manner of sale, notice and the availability of current public information about us.

 

No assurance can be given as to the likelihood that an active trading market for our common stock will develop, the liquidity of any such market, the ability of our stockholders to sell their shares or the prices that our stockholders may obtain for any of their shares. No prediction can be made as to the effect, if any, that future sales of shares of our common stock, or the availability of shares of our common stock for future sale, will have on the market price prevailing from time to time. Sales of substantial amounts of our common stock, or the perception that such sales could occur, may adversely affect prevailing market prices of our securities. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to This Offering and Ownership of Our Common Stock.”

 

For a description of certain restrictions on transfers of our common stock held by certain of our stockholders, see “Plan of Distribution.”

 

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

In connection with our initial private offering in May 2012, we adopted our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. As of the date of this prospectus, a total of 522,297 LTIP units or restricted shares of our common stock have been granted to our officers, employees and directors, and 341,289 shares remain available for future issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. In connection with the IPO, we will issue              LTIP units having an aggregate value of $8.75 million to our named executive officers under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. The actual number of LTIP units issued will be calculated by dividing $8.75 million by the price to public of our common stock in the IPO. Based on the mid-point of the price range set forth on the front cover page of this prospectus, we will issue              LTIP units to these executives. In lieu of receiving LTIP units, one of our

 

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executives may elect to receive up to $1.1 million of this award in the form of a like number restricted shares of our common stock. Upon completion of the IPO, the number of shares of our common stock that will be available for issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will increase by an amount equal to 4.687325% of the number of shares sold in the IPO, subject to a maximum increase of 636,414 additional shares. The number of shares of our common stock that may be issued under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan will be increased by multiplying the total number of shares sold in any subsequent public or private offering of our common stock by 4.687325%, subject to an aggregate maximum of 1,500,000 shares.

 

Upon completion of the IPO, we expect to have              shares of our common stock reserved for future issuance under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. For a description of our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, see “Management—2012 Equity Incentive Plan.”

 

LTIP units, which are a class of partnership units in our operating partnership, may be converted into OP units upon achieving economic parity with the OP units. If such parity is reached, LTIP units whose forfeiture restrictions, if any, have lapsed may be converted into an equal number of OP units at any time, and thereafter enjoy all rights of OP units. See “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement—LTIP Units.”

 

OP Units

 

In connection with our formation transactions, upon completion of our initial private offering in May 2012, our operating partnership issued an aggregate of 175,000 OP units to the former property manager of Phoenix Fund, an entity jointly owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes, having an aggregate value of $3,500,000 based on the offering price per share of common stock in our initial private offering, as consideration for the contribution by the former property manager of substantially all of its assets to our operating partnership. All of these OP units were fully vested upon issuance, but one-half are subject to transfer restrictions that will lapse upon the earlier of the registration and listing on a national securities exchange of the shares sold in our initial private offering, a change in control of our company or the third anniversary of the completion date of our initial private offering.

 

In general, beginning 12 months after the date of issuance, OP units whose forfeiture restrictions, if any, have lapsed are redeemable by limited partners of our operating partnership (other than us) for cash or, at our election, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. For more information, see “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement—Redemption Rights.”

 

We have granted registration rights to those persons who have received or will receive shares of our common stock issuable upon redemption of OP units. See “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement—Registration Rights.”

 

Lock-Up Periods

 

For a description of certain lock-up periods, see “Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights” and “Plan of Distribution.”

 

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CERTAIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW AND OF OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS

 

Our Board of Directors

 

Our charter and bylaws provide that the number of directors of our company will not be less than the minimum number required under the MGCL, which is one, and, unless our bylaws are amended, not more than fifteen, and the number of directors of our company may be increased or decreased pursuant to our bylaws by a vote of the majority of our entire Board of Directors. Our charter provides that, at such time as we become eligible to elect to be subject to Title 3, Subtitle 8 of the MGCL and subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred stock and subject to the rights of stockholders to fill any vacancy that results from the removal of a director at a special election meeting as described above under the caption “Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights,” any vacancy may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies.

 

Pursuant to our charter and bylaws, each member of our Board of Directors is elected by our stockholders to serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Holders of shares of our common stock will have no right to cumulative voting in the election of directors, and directors will be elected by a plurality of all the votes cast in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock will be able to elect all of our directors.

 

Removal of Directors

 

In general, our charter provides that, subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of preferred stock to elect or remove one or more directors, a director may be removed only for cause (as defined in our charter) and only by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. Except as described below, this provision, when coupled with the exclusive power of our Board of Directors to fill vacant directorships, may preclude stockholders from removing incumbent directors except for cause and by a substantial affirmative vote and filling the vacancies created by such removal with their own nominees.

 

As described above under the caption “Description of Capital Stock—Registration Rights,” we may be required by the registration rights agreements and our bylaws to hold a special meeting of our stockholders for the purpose of considering and voting on the removal of our directors then in office and electing the successors of any directors so removed (a special election meeting) unless the requirement is waived or deferred in accordance with the registration rights agreements and our bylaws. At a special election meeting, a director may be removed with or without cause by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors.

 

Business Combinations

 

Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder (i.e., any person (other than the corporation or any subsidiary) who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s outstanding voting stock after the date on which the corporation first had 100 or more beneficial owners of its stock, or an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period immediately prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding stock of the corporation after the date on which the corporation first had 100 or more beneficial owners of its stock) or an affiliate of an interested stockholder, are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder. Thereafter, any such business combination between the

 

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Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of such corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (1) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation and (2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. The board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance with any terms and conditions determined by it.

 

As permitted by the MGCL, our Board of Directors has adopted a resolution exempting any business combination between us and any other person from the provisions of this statute, provided that the business combination is first approved by our Board of Directors (including a majority of directors who are not affiliates or associates of such persons). However, our Board of Directors may repeal or modify this resolution at any time in the future, in which case the applicable provisions of this statute will become applicable to business combinations between us and interested stockholders.

 

Control Share Acquisitions

 

The MGCL provides that holders of “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors, excluding votes cast by (1) the person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition, (2) an officer of the corporation or (3) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock owned by the acquirer or in respect of which the acquirer is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquirer to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (1) one-tenth or more but less than one-third; (2) one-third or more but less than a majority; or (3) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

 

A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel the board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

 

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquirer or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquirer becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquirer in the control share acquisition.

 

The control share acquisition statute does not apply to, among other things: (1) shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction; or (2) acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

 

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Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any acquisition by any person of shares of our stock. There can be no assurance that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.

 

Maryland Unsolicited Takeovers Act

 

Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions of the MGCL which provide, respectively, that:

 

   

the corporation’s board of directors will be divided into three classes;

 

   

the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes cast in the election of directors generally is required to remove a director;

 

   

the number of directors may be fixed only by vote of the directors;

 

   

a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors and that directors elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and

 

   

the request of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting is required for stockholders to require the calling of a special meeting of stockholders.

 

Without our having elected to be subject to Subtitle 8, our charter and bylaws already (1) require the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors to remove a director from our Board of Directors, (2) vest in our Board of Directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directors, by vote of a majority of the entire board, and (3) require, unless called by the Chairman of our Board of Directors, our President, our Chief Executive Officer or our Board of Directors, the request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting to call a special meeting. Our charter provides that, at such time as we become eligible to make the election provided for under Subtitle 8, vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors then in office, and directors elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Our Board of Directors is not currently classified. In the future, our Board of Directors may elect, without stockholder approval, to classify our Board of Directors or elect to be subject to any of the other provisions of Subtitle 8.

 

Meetings of Stockholders

 

Pursuant to our bylaws, an annual meeting of our stockholders for the purpose of the election of directors and the transaction of any business will be held on a date and at the time and place set by our Board of Directors. Each of our directors is elected by our stockholders to serve until the next annual meeting and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies under Maryland law. The next annual meeting of our stockholders after completion of the IPO will be held in 2013. In addition, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, our President or our Board of Directors may call a special meeting of our stockholders. Subject to the provisions of our bylaws, a special meeting of our stockholders to act on any matter that may properly be considered by our stockholders will also be called by our secretary upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting on such matter, accompanied by the information required by our bylaws. Our Secretary will inform the requesting stockholders of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing the notice of meeting (including our proxy materials), and the requesting stockholder must pay such estimated cost before our Secretary may prepare and mail the notice of the special meeting.

 

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Charter Amendments and Extraordinary Transactions

 

Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, sell all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business unless approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the corporation’s charter. Our charter generally provides that charter amendments requiring stockholder approval must be declared advisable by our Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, our charter’s provisions regarding the removal of directors and restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock may be amended only if such amendment is declared advisable by our Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast not less than two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. In addition, because operating assets may be held by a corporation’s subsidiaries, as in our situation, one of our subsidiaries could transfer all of its assets without any vote of our stockholders.

 

Bylaws Amendments

 

Except as described below, our Board of Directors has the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of our bylaws and to make new bylaws.

 

Pursuant to our bylaws, we are required to hold a special meeting of our stockholders for the purpose of considering and voting on the removal of our directors then in office and electing the successors of any directors so removed (a special election meeting) if, prior to October 29, 2013, the resale shelf registration statement we are required to file with the SEC pursuant to the registration rights agreements has not been declared effective by the SEC and either (1) we have not completed an initial public offering of our common stock or (2) the shares sold in this offering have not been listed for trading on a national securities exchange. The provisions in our bylaws relating to a special election meeting and the amendment thereof may not be amended without the affirmative vote or written or electronic consent of holders of at least 75% of the outstanding shares of our common stock entitled to vote thereon (other than shares held by our executive officers).

 

Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business

 

Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to our Board of Directors and the proposal of other business to be considered by our stockholders at an annual meeting of stockholders may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) by or at the direction of our Board of Directors or (3) by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting on the election of the individual so nominated or such other business and who has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws, including a requirement to provide certain information about the stockholder and its affiliates and the nominee or business proposal, as applicable.

 

With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to our Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected only (1) by or at the direction of our Board of Directors or (2) provided that the special meeting has been properly called for the purpose of electing directors, by a stockholder who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice and at the time of the meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting on the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the advance notice provisions set forth in our bylaws, including a requirement to provide certain information about the stockholder and its affiliates and the nominee.

 

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Anti-Takeover Effect of Certain Provisions of Maryland Law and Our Charter and Bylaws

 

Our charter and bylaws and Maryland law contain provisions that may delay, defer or prevent a change in control or other transaction that might involve a premium price for our common stock or otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders, including:

 

   

business combination provisions;

 

   

supermajority vote and cause requirements for removal of directors;

 

   

requirement that stockholders holding at least a majority of our outstanding common stock must act together to make a written request before our stockholders can require us to call a special meeting of stockholders;

 

   

provisions that vacancies on our Board of Directors may be filled only by the remaining directors for the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred;

 

   

the power of our Board of Directors to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock or the number of shares of any class or series of stock;

 

   

the power of our Board of Directors to cause us to issue additional shares of stock of any class or series and to fix the terms of one or more classes or series of stock without stockholder approval;

 

   

the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock; and

 

   

advance notice requirements for director nominations and stockholder proposals.

 

Likewise, if the resolution opting out of the business combination provisions of the MGCL were repealed or the provision in the bylaws opting out of the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL were rescinded, these provisions of the MGCL could have similar anti-takeover effects.

 

Limitation of Directors’ and Officers’ Liability and Indemnification

 

The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from (1) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (2) active and deliberate dishonesty that is established by a final judgment and is material to the cause of action. Our charter contains a provision that eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

 

Our charter and bylaws provide for indemnification of our officers and directors against liabilities to the maximum extent permitted by the MGCL, as amended from time to time.

 

The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:

 

   

the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;

 

   

the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or

 

   

in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.

 

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However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon its receipt of:

 

   

a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and

 

   

a written undertaking by the director or officer or on the director’s or officer’s behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director or officer did not meet the standard of conduct.

 

Our charter authorizes us, and our bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of such a proceeding to:

 

   

any present or former director or officer of our company who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or

 

   

any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at our request, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, trustee, member or manager of another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity.

 

Our charter and bylaws also permit us to indemnify and advance expenses to any individual who served our predecessor in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of our company or our predecessor.

 

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers that provide for indemnification and advance of expenses to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

 

Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

 

REIT Qualification

 

Our charter provides that our Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate our REIT election, without approval of our stockholders, if it determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.

 

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OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AND THE PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT

 

The following summary of the terms of the agreement of limited partnership of our operating partnership does not purport to be complete and is subject to and qualified in its entirety by reference to the Agreement of Limited Partnership of our operating partnership.

 

Management

 

A wholly owned subsidiary of our company is the sole general partner of our operating partnership, which we organized as a Delaware limited partnership. We conduct substantially all of our operations and make substantially all of our investments through our operating partnership. Pursuant to the partnership agreement, we have full, exclusive and complete responsibility and discretion in the management and control of our operating partnership, including the ability to cause our operating partnership to enter into certain major transactions including acquisitions, dispositions, refinancings and selection of tenants, to make distributions to partners and to cause changes in our operating partnership’s business activities.

 

The partnership agreement requires that our operating partnership be operated in a manner that enables us to satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT, to avoid any federal income or excise tax liability imposed by the Code (other than any federal income tax liability associated with our retained capital gains) and to ensure that the partnership will not be classified as a “publicly-traded partnership” taxable as a corporation under Section 7704 of the Code.

 

Transferability of Interests

 

We may not voluntarily withdraw from our operating partnership or transfer or assign our interest in our operating partnership or engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination, or sale of all or substantially all of our assets in a transaction which results in a change of control of our company unless:

 

   

we receive the consent of limited partners holding more than 50% of the partnership interests of the limited partners (other than those held by our company or its subsidiaries);

 

   

as a result of such transaction, all limited partners will receive for each partnership unit an amount of cash, securities or other property equal or substantially equivalent in value to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid in the transaction to a holder of one share of our common stock, provided that if, in connection with the transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, each holder of partnership units shall be given the option to exchange its partnership units for an amount of cash, securities or other property equal or substantially equivalent in value to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property that a limited partner would have received had it (1) exercised its redemption right (described below) and (2) sold, tendered or exchanged pursuant to the offer shares of our common stock received upon exercise of the redemption right immediately prior to the expiration of the offer; or

 

   

we are the surviving entity in the transaction and either (1) our stockholders do not receive cash, securities or other property in the transaction or (2) all limited partners (other than our company or our subsidiaries) receive for each partnership unit an amount of cash, securities or other property equal or substantially equivalent in value to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property received in the transaction by our stockholders.

 

We also may merge with or into or consolidate with another entity if immediately after such merger or consolidation (1) substantially all of the assets of the successor or surviving entity, other than partnership units held by us, are contributed, directly or indirectly, to the partnership as a capital contribution in exchange for partnership units with a fair market value equal to the value of the assets so contributed as determined by the

 

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survivor in good faith and (2) the survivor expressly agrees to assume all of our obligations under the partnership agreement and the partnership agreement shall be amended after any such merger or consolidation so as to arrive at a new method of calculating the amounts payable upon exercise of the redemption right that approximates the existing method for such calculation as closely as reasonably possible.

 

We also may (1) transfer all or any portion of our general partnership interest to (a) a wholly owned subsidiary or (b) a parent company or a majority-owned subsidiary of a parent company, and following such transfer may withdraw as the general partner and (2) engage in a transaction required by law or by the rules of any national securities exchange on which shares of our common stock are listed.

 

We also may (1) merge or consolidate our operating partnership with or into any other domestic or foreign partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company or corporation or (2) sell all or substantially all of the assets of our operating partnership, and may amend the partnership agreement in connection with any such transaction, if we receive the consent of limited partners holding more than 50% of the partnership interests of the limited partners (other than those held by our company or its subsidiaries).

 

Capital Contribution

 

We will contribute, directly, to our operating partnership substantially all of the net proceeds from the IPO as capital contribution in exchange for OP units. The partnership agreement provides that if our operating partnership requires additional funds at any time in excess of funds available to our operating partnership from borrowing or capital contributions, we may borrow such funds from a financial institution or other lender and lend such funds to our operating partnership on the same terms and conditions as are applicable to our borrowing of such funds. Under the partnership agreement, we are obligated to contribute the net proceeds of any future offering of shares as additional capital to our operating partnership. If we contribute additional capital to our operating partnership, we will receive additional partnership units and our percentage interest will be increased on a proportionate basis based upon the amount of such additional capital contributions and the value of our operating partnership at the time of such contributions. Conversely, the percentage interests of the limited partners will be decreased on a proportionate basis in the event of additional capital contributions by us. In addition, if we contribute additional capital to our operating partnership, we will revalue the property of our operating partnership to its fair market value (as determined by us) and the capital accounts of the partners will be adjusted to reflect the manner in which the unrealized gain or loss inherent in such property (that has not been reflected in the capital accounts previously) would be allocated among the partners under the terms of the partnership agreement if there were a taxable disposition of such property for its fair market value (as determined by us) on the date of the revaluation. Our operating partnership may issue preferred partnership interests, in connection with acquisitions of property or otherwise, which could have priority over OP units with respect to distributions from our operating partnership, including the OP units we own as the general partner.

 

Redemption Rights

 

Pursuant to the partnership agreement, beginning one year after the issuance of any OP units, limited partners (other than us) have redemption rights, which enable them to cause our operating partnership to redeem their OP units in exchange for cash or, at our option, shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis. The cash redemption amount per unit is based on the market price of our common stock at the time of redemption. The number of shares of our common stock issuable upon redemption of limited partnership interests held by limited partners may be adjusted upon the occurrence of certain events such as share dividends, share subdivisions or combinations. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a limited partner will not be entitled to exercise its redemption rights if the delivery of common stock to the redeeming limited partner would:

 

   

result in any person owning, directly or indirectly, common stocks in excess of the Ownership Limit;

 

   

result in our common stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution);

 

   

result in our being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code;

 

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cause us to own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant (other than a taxable REIT subsidiary) of ours, our operating partnership’s or a subsidiary partnership’s real property, within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code;

 

   

cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code; or

 

   

cause the acquisition of common stock by such redeeming limited partner to be “integrated” with any other distribution of common stock for purposes of complying with the registration provisions of the Securities Act.

 

We may, in our sole and absolute discretion, waive any of these restrictions.

 

Partnership Expenses

 

In addition to the administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by our operating partnership, our operating partnership generally will pay all of our administrative costs and expenses, including:

 

   

all expenses relating to our continuity of existence and our subsidiaries’ operations;

 

   

all expenses relating to offerings and registration of securities;

 

   

all expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any of our periodic or other reports and communications under federal, state or local laws or regulations;

 

   

all expenses associated with our compliance with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body; and

 

   

all of our other operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary course of business on behalf of our operating partnership.

 

These expenses, however, do not include any of our administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred that are attributable to residential properties that are owned by us directly rather than by our operating partnership or its subsidiaries.

 

Fiduciary Responsibilities

 

Our directors and officers have duties under applicable Maryland law to manage us in a manner consistent with our best interests. At the same time, we, through our wholly owned subsidiary, the general partner of our operating partnership, will have fiduciary duties to manage our operating partnership in a manner beneficial to our operating partnership and its partners. Our duties, through our wholly owned subsidiary, as general partner to our operating partnership and its limited partners, therefore, may come into conflict with the duties of our directors and officers to our stockholders. We will be under no obligation to give priority to the separate interests of the limited partners of our operating partnership or our stockholders in deciding whether to cause our operating partnership to take or decline to take any actions.

 

The limited partners of our operating partnership expressly will acknowledge that as the general partner of our operating partnership, our wholly owned subsidiary is acting for the benefit of our operating partnership, the limited partners and our stockholders collectively.

 

Distributions

 

The partnership agreement provides that our operating partnership will distribute cash from operations (including net sale or refinancing proceeds, but excluding net proceeds from the sale of our operating partnership’s property in connection with the liquidation of our operating partnership) at such time and in such

 

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amounts as determined by us in our sole discretion, to us and the limited partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in our operating partnership.

 

Upon liquidation of our operating partnership, after payment of, or adequate provision for, debts and obligations of the partnership, including any partner loans, any remaining assets of the partnership will be distributed to us and the limited partners with positive capital accounts in accordance with their respective positive capital account balances.

 

LTIP Units

 

In general, LTIP units are a class of partnership units in our operating partnership and will receive the same quarterly per unit distributions as outstanding OP units. Initially, each LTIP unit will have a capital account balance of zero and, therefore, will not have full parity with OP units with respect to liquidating distributions. However, the partnership agreement provides that “book gain,” or economic appreciation, in our assets realized by our operating partnership as a result of the actual sale of all or substantially all of our operating partnership’s assets or the revaluation of our operating partnership’s assets as provided by applicable U.S. Department of Treasury regulations, or Treasury Regulations, will be allocated first to the LTIP unit holders until the capital account per LTIP unit is equal to the average capital account per-unit of our OP units. The partnership agreement provides that our operating partnership’s assets will be revalued upon the occurrence of certain events, specifically additional capital contributions by us or other partners, the redemption of a partnership interest, a liquidation (as defined in the Treasury Regulations) of our operating partnership or the issuance of a partnership interest (including LTIP units) to a new or existing partner as consideration for the provision of services to, or for the benefit of, our operating partnership. We expect to revalue the assets of our operating partnership in connection with our contribution of the net proceeds from the IPO to our operating partnership.

 

Upon equalization of the capital accounts of the LTIP unit holders with the average per-unit capital account of our OP units, the LTIP units will achieve full parity with the OP units for all purposes, including with respect to liquidating distributions. If such parity is reached, vested LTIP units may be converted into an equal number of OP units at any time, and thereafter enjoy all the rights of OP units. If a sale or revaluation of assets occurs at a time when our operating partnership’s assets have appreciated sufficiently since the last revaluation, the LTIP units would achieve full parity with the OP units upon such sale or revaluation. In the absence of sufficient appreciation in the value of our operating partnership’s assets at the time of a sale or revaluation, full parity would not be reached.

 

Consequently, an LTIP unit may never become convertible because the value of our operating partnership’s assets has not appreciated sufficiently between revaluation dates to equalize capital accounts. Until and unless parity is reached, the value for a given number of vested LTIP units will be less than the value of an equal number of shares of our common stock.

 

Allocations

 

Profits and losses of the partnership (including depreciation and amortization deductions) for each fiscal year generally will be allocated to us and the other limited partners in accordance with the respective percentage interests in the partnership. Notwithstanding the foregoing, our operating partnership will allocate gain on the sale of all or substantially all of its assets first to holders of LTIP units and will, upon the occurrence of certain specified events, revalue its assets with any net increase in valuation allocated first to the LTIP units, in each case to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the average capital account per unit of the general partner’s OP units. All of the foregoing allocations are subject to compliance with the provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Code and Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder. To the extent Treasury Regulations promulgated pursuant to Section 704(c) of the Code permit, we, as the sole member of the general partner, shall have the authority to elect the method to be used by our operating partnership for allocating items with respect to contributed property acquired in connection with the IPO for which fair market value differs from the adjusted tax basis at the time of contribution, and such election shall be binding on all partners.

 

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Term

 

Our operating partnership will continue indefinitely, or until sooner dissolved upon:

 

   

our bankruptcy, dissolution, removal or withdrawal (unless the limited partners elect to continue the partnership);

 

   

the passage of 90 days after the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the partnership;

 

   

the redemption of all partnership units (other than those held by us, if any); or

 

   

an election by us in our capacity as the general partner.

 

Registration Rights

 

Our operating partnership’s limited partners (other than us and our subsidiaries) will have the right to require our operating partnership to redeem part or all of their OP units for cash, or, at our election, shares of our common stock. We have granted registration rights to those persons who will receive shares of our common stock issuable upon redemption of OP units. These registration rights require us to seek to register all such shares of our common stock approximately 12 months after issuance of such OP units. Our operating partnership will bear expenses incident to these registration requirements. However, neither we nor our operating partnership will bear the costs of (1) any underwriting discounts or commissions or (2) any fees or expenses incurred by holders of such shares of our common stock in connection with such registration that we or our operating partnership are not permitted to pay according to the rules of any regulatory authority.

 

Tax Matters

 

The partnership agreement provides that our wholly owned subsidiary, as the sole general partner of our operating partnership, is the tax matters partner of our operating partnership and, as such, has authority to handle tax audits and to make tax elections under the Code on behalf of our operating partnership.

 

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MATERIAL FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

 

This section summarizes the material federal income tax considerations that you, as a stockholder, may consider relevant in connection with the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock. Hunton & Williams LLP has acted as our counsel, has reviewed this summary, and is of the opinion that the discussion contained herein is accurate in all material respects. Because this section is a summary, it does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular stockholders in light of their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to certain types of stockholders that are subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as:

 

   

insurance companies;

 

   

tax-exempt organizations (except to the limited extent discussed in “—Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders” below);

 

   

financial institutions or broker-dealers;

 

   

non-U.S. individuals and foreign corporations (except to the limited extent discussed in “—Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders” below);

 

   

U.S. expatriates;

 

   

persons who mark-to-market our common stock;

 

   

subchapter S corporations;

 

   

U.S. stockholders (as defined below) whose functional currency is not the U.S. dollar;

 

   

regulated investment companies and REITs;

 

   

trusts and estates;

 

   

holders who receive our common stock through the exercise of employee stock options or otherwise as compensation;

 

   

persons holding our common stock as part of a “straddle,” “hedge,” “conversion transaction,” “synthetic security” or other integrated investment;

 

   

persons subject to the alternative minimum tax provisions of the Code; and

 

   

persons holding our common stock through a partnership or similar pass-through entity.

 

This summary assumes that stockholders hold shares as capital assets for federal income tax purposes, which generally means property held for investment.

 

The statements in this section are not intended to be, and should not be construed as, tax advice. The statements in this section are based on the Code, current, temporary and proposed Treasury regulations, the legislative history of the Code, current administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS, and court decisions. The reference to IRS interpretations and practices includes the IRS practices and policies endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not binding on the IRS except with respect to the taxpayer that receives the ruling. In each case, these sources are relied upon as they exist on the date of this discussion. Future legislation, Treasury regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions could change the current law or adversely affect existing interpretations of current law on which the information in this section is based. Any such change could apply retroactively. We have not received any rulings from the IRS concerning our qualification as a REIT. Accordingly, even if there is no change in the applicable law, no assurance can be provided that the statements made in the following discussion, which do not bind the IRS or the courts, will not be challenged by the IRS or will be sustained by a court if so challenged.

 

WE URGE YOU TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE SPECIFIC TAX CONSEQUENCES TO YOU OF THE PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP AND SALE OF OUR COMMON

 

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STOCK AND OF OUR ELECTION TO BE TAXED AS A REIT. SPECIFICALLY, YOU ARE URGED TO CONSULT YOUR OWN TAX ADVISOR REGARDING THE FEDERAL, STATE, LOCAL, FOREIGN, AND OTHER TAX CONSEQUENCES OF SUCH PURCHASE, OWNERSHIP, SALE AND ELECTION, AND REGARDING POTENTIAL CHANGES IN APPLICABLE TAX LAWS.

 

Taxation of Our Company

 

We were formed in March 2012 as a Maryland corporation. We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012 upon filing our federal income tax return for that year. We believe that, commencing with such short taxable year, we have been organized and have operated in such a manner as to qualify as a REIT under the federal income tax laws, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner, but no assurances can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. This section discusses the laws governing the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders. These laws are highly technical and complex.

 

In connection with this offering, Hunton & Williams LLP will render an opinion that we qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012, and our current and proposed method of operations will enable us to continue to satisfy the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for our taxable year ending December 31, 2013 and subsequent taxable years. Investors should be aware that Hunton & Williams LLP’s opinion will be based upon customary assumptions, will be conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our assets and the conduct of our business, is not binding upon the IRS, or any court and speaks as of the date issued. In addition, Hunton & Williams LLP’s opinion will be based on existing federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT, which is subject to change either prospectively or retroactively. Moreover, our qualification and taxation as a REIT will depend upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual results, certain qualification tests set forth in the federal income tax laws. Those qualification tests involve the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that fall within specified categories, the diversity of our capital stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. Hunton & Williams LLP will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that our actual results of operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. Hunton & Williams LLP’s opinion does not foreclose the possibility that we may have to use one or more of the REIT savings provisions described below, which would require us to pay an excise or penalty tax (which could be material) in order for us to maintain our REIT qualification. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to qualify as a REIT, see “—Failure to Qualify.”

 

If we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. The benefit of that tax treatment is that it avoids the “double taxation,” or taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels, that generally results from owning stock in a corporation. However, we will be subject to federal tax in the following circumstances:

 

   

We will pay federal income tax on any taxable income, including undistributed net capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders during, or within a specified time period after, the calendar year in which the income is earned.

 

   

We may be subject to the “alternative minimum tax” on any items of tax preference including any deductions of net operating losses.

 

   

We will pay income tax at the highest corporate rate on:

 

   

net income from the sale or other disposition of property acquired through foreclosure (“foreclosure property”) that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, and

 

   

other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property.

 

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We will pay a 100% tax on net income from sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.

 

   

If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below under “—Gross Income Tests,” and nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT because we meet other requirements, we will pay a 100% tax on:

 

   

the gross income attributable to the greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, in either case, multiplied by

 

   

a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.

 

   

If we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income required to be distributed from earlier periods, we will pay a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the sum of (a) the amount we actually distributed and (b) the amounts we retained and upon which we paid income tax at the corporate level.

 

   

We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, a stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain (to the extent that we made a timely designation of such gain to the stockholders) and would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid.

 

   

We will be subject to a 100% excise tax on transactions with our TRS, or any taxable REIT subsidiaries we form in the future, that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.

 

   

If we fail to satisfy any of the asset tests, other than a de minimis failure of the 5% asset test, the 10% vote test or 10% value test, as described below under “—Asset Tests,” as long as the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we file a description of each asset that caused such failure with the IRS, and we dispose of the assets causing the failure or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify such failure, we will pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest federal income tax rate then applicable to U.S. corporations (currently 35%) on the net income from the non-qualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.

 

   

If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, and such failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.

 

   

If we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or a corporation that generally is subject to full corporate- level tax, in a merger or other transaction in which we acquire a basis in the asset that is determined by reference either to the C corporation’s basis in the asset or to another asset, we will pay tax at the highest regular corporate rate applicable if we recognize gain on the sale or disposition of the asset during the 10-year period after we acquire the asset provided no election is made for the transaction to be taxable on a current basis. The amount of gain on which we will pay tax is the lesser of:

 

   

the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or disposition, and

 

   

the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold the asset at the time we acquired it.

 

   

We may be required to pay monetary penalties to the IRS in certain circumstances, including if we fail to meet record-keeping requirements intended to monitor our compliance with rules relating to the composition of a REIT’s stockholders, as described below in “—Recordkeeping Requirements.”

 

   

The earnings of our lower-tier entities that are subchapter C corporations, including our TRS and any taxable REIT subsidiaries we form in the future, will be subject to federal corporate income tax.

 

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In addition, notwithstanding our qualification as a REIT, we may also have to pay certain state and local income taxes because not all states and localities treat REITs in the same manner that they are treated for federal income tax purposes. Moreover, as further described below, our TRS and any other taxable REIT subsidiaries we form in the future will be subject to federal, state and local corporate income tax on their taxable income.

 

Requirements for Qualification

 

A REIT is a corporation, trust, or association that meets each of the following requirements:

 

  1.   It is managed by one or more trustees or directors.

 

  2.   Its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest.

 

  3.   It would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for the REIT provisions of the federal income tax laws.

 

  4.   It is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to special provisions of the federal income tax laws.

 

  5.   At least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its shares or ownership certificates.

 

  6.   Not more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares or ownership certificates is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, which the Code defines to include certain entities, during the last half of any taxable year.

 

  7.   It elects to be a REIT, or has made such election for a previous taxable year, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status.

 

  8.   It meets certain other qualification tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets and the amount of its distributions to stockholders.

 

  9.   It uses a calendar year for federal income tax purposes and complies with the recordkeeping requirements of the federal income tax laws.

 

We must meet requirements 1 through 4, 8 and 9 during our entire taxable year and must meet requirement 5 during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Requirements 5 and 6 will apply to us beginning with our 2013 taxable year. If we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining the ownership of our outstanding shares in a taxable year and have no reason to know that we violated requirement 6, we will be deemed to have satisfied requirement 6 for that taxable year. For purposes of determining stock ownership under requirement 6, an “individual” generally includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation, or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. An “individual,” however, generally does not include a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust under the federal income tax laws, and beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as holding our shares in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of requirement 6.

 

Our charter provides restrictions regarding the transfer and ownership of shares of our capital stock. See “Description of Capital Stock—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.” We believe that we will have issued sufficient stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 above. The restrictions in our charter are intended (among other things) to assist us in continuing to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 above. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will, in all cases, be able to satisfy such share ownership requirements. If we fail to satisfy these share ownership requirements, our qualification as a REIT may terminate.

 

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Qualified REIT Subsidiaries

 

A corporation that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary” is not treated as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. All assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a “qualified REIT subsidiary” are treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the REIT. A “qualified REIT subsidiary” is a corporation, other than a taxable REIT subsidiary, all of the stock of which is owned by the REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described herein, any “qualified REIT subsidiary” that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of such subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit.

 

Other Disregarded Entities and Partnerships

 

An unincorporated domestic entity, such as a limited liability company that has a single owner, generally is not treated as an entity separate from its owner for federal income tax purposes. An unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners is generally treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership that has other partners, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. Our proportionate share for purposes of the 10% value test (see “—Asset Tests”) is based on our proportionate interest in the equity interests and certain debt securities issued by the partnership. For all of the other asset and income tests, our proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the capital interests in the partnership. Our proportionate share of the assets, liabilities, and items of income of any partnership, joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we acquire an equity interest, directly or indirectly, is treated as our assets and gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT qualification requirements.

 

We have control of our operating partnership and intend to control any subsidiary partnerships and limited liability companies, and we intend to operate them in a manner consistent with the requirements for our qualification as a REIT. We may from time to time be a limited partner or non-managing member in some of our partnerships and limited liability companies. If a partnership or limited liability company in which we own an interest takes or expects to take actions that could jeopardize our status as a REIT or require us to pay tax, we may be forced to dispose of our interest in such entity. In addition, it is possible that a partnership or limited liability company could take an action which could cause us to fail a gross income or asset test, and that we would not become aware of such action in time to dispose of our interest in the partnership or limited liability company or take other corrective action on a timely basis. In that case, we could fail to qualify as a REIT unless we were entitled to relief, as described below.

 

Taxable REIT Subsidiaries

 

A REIT may own up to 100% of the shares of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a fully taxable corporation that may earn income that would not be qualifying income if earned directly by the parent REIT. The subsidiary and the REIT must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A corporation of which a taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the securities will automatically be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. We are not treated as holding the assets of a taxable REIT subsidiary or as receiving any income that the taxable REIT subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to us is an asset in our hands, and we treat the distributions paid to us from such taxable REIT subsidiary, if any, as income. This treatment may affect our compliance with the gross income and asset tests. Because we do not include the assets and income of taxable REIT subsidiaries in determining our compliance with the REIT requirements, we may use such entities to indirectly undertake activities, such as earning fee income, that the REIT rules might otherwise preclude us from doing directly or through pass-through subsidiaries. Overall, no more than 25% of the value of a REIT’s assets may consist of stock or securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.

 

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A taxable REIT subsidiary pays income tax at regular corporate rates on any income that it earns. In addition, the “earnings stripping” rules of Section 163(j) of the Code may limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT to assure that the taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to an appropriate level of corporate taxation. Further, the taxable REIT subsidiary rules impose a 100% excise tax on REITs for transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT or the REIT’s tenants that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.

 

A taxable REIT subsidiary may not directly or indirectly operate or manage any health care facilities assets or lodging facilities or provide rights to any brand name under which any health care facility or lodging facility is operated. A taxable REIT subsidiary is not considered to operate or manage a “qualified health care property” or “qualified lodging facility” solely because the taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly possesses a license, permit, or similar instrument enabling it to do so.

 

Rent that we receive from a taxable REIT subsidiary will qualify as “rents from real property” as long as (1) at least 90% of the leased space in the property is leased to persons other than taxable REIT subsidiaries and related-party tenants, and (2) the amount paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary to rent space at the property is substantially comparable to rents paid by other tenants of the property for comparable space, as described in further detail below under “—Gross Income Tests—Rents from Real Property.” If we lease space to a taxable REIT subsidiary in the future, we will seek to comply with these requirements.

 

We have elected to treat our TRS as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Our TRS provides property acquisition, restoration, leasing, management and disposition services to Phoenix Fund. As explained below in “—Gross Income Tests—Fee Income,” fee income earned by a REIT is generally not qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Our TRS may also provide services with respect to our properties to the extent we determine that having our TRS provide those services will assist us in complying with the gross income tests applicable to REITs. See “—Gross Income Tests—Rents From Real Property.” In addition, if we decide to acquire properties opportunistically to restore in anticipation of immediate resale, we will need to conduct that activity through our TRS to avoid the 100% prohibited transactions tax. See “—Gross Income Tests—Prohibited Transactions.” We may form one or more additional taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future.

 

Gross Income Tests

 

We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of defined types of income that we derive, directly or indirectly, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property or qualified temporary investment income. Qualifying income for purposes of that 75% gross income test generally includes:

 

   

rents from real property;

 

   

interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property, or on interests in real property;

 

   

dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of, shares in other REITs;

 

   

gain from the sale of real estate assets;

 

   

income and gain derived from foreclosure property; and

 

   

income derived from the temporary investment of new capital that is attributable to the issuance of our stock or a public offering of our debt with a maturity date of at least five years and that we receive during the one-year period beginning on the date on which we received such new capital.

 

Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of interest and dividends, gain from the sale or disposition of shares or securities, or any combination of these. Cancellation of indebtedness income and gross income from our sale of property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of

 

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business is excluded from both the numerator and the denominator in both gross income tests. In addition, income and gain from “hedging transactions” that we enter into to hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets and that are clearly and timely identified as such will be excluded from both the numerator and the denominator for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. In addition, certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. See “—Foreign Currency Gain.” The following paragraphs discuss the specific application of the gross income tests to us.

 

Rents from Real Property

 

Rent that we receive from our real property will qualify as “rents from real property,” which is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, only if the following conditions are met:

 

   

First, the rent must not be based, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person, but may be based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.

 

   

Second, neither we nor a direct or indirect owner of 10% or more of our stock may own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of a tenant from whom we receive rent, other than a taxable REIT subsidiary.

 

   

Third, if the rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property is 15% or less of the total rent received under the lease, then the rent attributable to personal property will qualify as rents from real property. However, if the 15% threshold is exceeded, the rent attributable to personal property will not qualify as rents from real property.

 

   

Fourth, we generally must not operate or manage our real property or furnish or render services to our tenants, other than through an “independent contractor” who is adequately compensated and from whom we do not derive revenue. However, we need not provide services through an “independent contractor,” but instead may provide services directly to our tenants, if the services are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not considered to be provided for the tenants’ convenience. In addition, we may provide a minimal amount of “noncustomary” services to the tenants of a property, other than through an independent contractor, as long as our income from the services (valued at not less than 150% of our direct cost of performing such services) does not exceed 1% of our income from the related property. Furthermore, we may own up to 100% of the stock of a taxable REIT subsidiary which may provide customary and noncustomary services to our tenants without tainting our rental income for the related properties.

 

If a portion of the rent that we receive from a property does not qualify as “rents from real property” because the rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent for a taxable year, the portion of the rent that is attributable to personal property will not be qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or 95% gross income test. Thus, if such rent attributable to personal property, plus any other income that is non-qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, during a taxable year exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we would lose our REIT qualification. If, however, the rent from a particular property does not qualify as “rents from real property” because either (1) the rent is considered based on the income or profits of the related tenant, (2) the tenant either is a related party tenant or fails to qualify for the exceptions to the related party tenant rule for qualifying taxable REIT subsidiaries or (3) we furnish noncustomary services to the tenants of the property, or manage or operate the property, other than through a qualifying independent contractor or a taxable REIT subsidiary, none of the rent from that property would qualify as “rents from real property.”

 

Our operating partnership and its subsidiaries lease most of our properties to tenants that are individuals. Our leases with individual tenants typically have a term of one year and require the tenant to pay fixed rent. Our operating partnership also leases some of our properties pursuant to long-term, triple net master leases where a portion of the rent we receive from the tenant is based on a percentage of the tenant’s gross receipts. We do not

 

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lease significant amounts of personal property pursuant to our leases. Moreover, we do not perform any services other than customary ones for our tenants, unless such services are provided through independent contractors or our TRS. Accordingly, we believe that our leases will generally produce rent that qualifies as “rents from real property” for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests.

 

In addition to the rent, the tenants may be required to pay certain additional charges. To the extent that such additional charges represent reimbursements of amounts that we are obligated to pay to third parties such charges generally will qualify as “rents from real property.” To the extent such additional charges represent penalties for nonpayment or late payment of such amounts, such charges should qualify as “rents from real property.” However, to the extent that late charges do not qualify as “rents from real property,” they instead will be treated as interest that qualifies for the 95% gross income test.

 

Interest

 

The term “ interest ” generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the determination of such amount depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, interest generally includes the following:

 

   

an amount that is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales; and

 

   

an amount that is based on the income or profits of a debtor, as long as the debtor derives substantially all of its income from the real property securing the debt from leasing substantially all of its interest in the property, and only to the extent that the amounts received by the debtor would be qualifying “rents from real property” if received directly by a REIT.

 

If a loan contains a provision that entitles a REIT to a percentage of the borrower’s gain upon the sale of the real property securing the loan or a percentage of the appreciation in the property’s value as of a specific date, income attributable to that loan provision will be treated as gain from the sale of the property securing the loan, which generally is qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.

 

We acquire private mortgage loans, which are generally secured by a first lien on real property. Interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property, including, for this purpose, prepayment penalties, loan assumption fees and late payment charges that are not compensation for services, generally is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. In general, under applicable Treasury Regulations, if a loan is secured by real property and other property and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan determined as of: (1) the date we agreed to acquire or originate the loan; or (2) as discussed further below, in the event of a “significant modification,” the date we modified the loan, then a portion of the interest income from such loan will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, but will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. Although the law is not entirely clear, a portion of the loan will likely be a non-qualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test. We anticipate that the interest on our private mortgage loans will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test.

 

Under the Code, if the terms of a loan are modified in a manner constituting a “significant modification,” such modification triggers a deemed exchange of the original loan for the modified loan. IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-16 provides a safe harbor pursuant to which we will not be required to redetermine the fair market value of the real property securing a loan for purposes of the gross income and asset tests in connection with a loan modification that is: (1) occasioned by a borrower default; or (2) made at a time when we reasonably believe that the modification to the loan will substantially reduce a significant risk of default on the original loan. If we modify a mortgage loan in the future, no assurance can be provided that all of our loan modifications will qualify for the safe harbor in Revenue Procedure 2011-16. To the extent we significantly modify a private mortgage loan in a manner that does not qualify for that safe harbor, we will be required to redetermine the value of the real property securing the loan at the time it was significantly modified. If the fair market value of the real property

 

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securing a loan has decreased, a portion of the interest income from the loan would not be qualifying income for the 75% gross income test and a portion of the value of the loan would not be a qualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test.

 

Dividends

 

Our share of any dividends received from any corporation (including any taxable REIT subsidiary, but excluding any REIT) in which we own an equity interest will qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Our share of any dividends received from any other REIT in which we own an equity interest, if any, will be qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests.

 

Prohibited Transactions

 

A REIT will incur a 100% tax on the net income (including foreign currency gain) derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. We believe that none of our properties are held primarily for sale to customers and that a sale of any of our properties will not be in the ordinary course of our business. Whether a REIT holds a property “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends, however, on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to time, including those related to a particular property. A safe harbor to the characterization of the sale of property by a REIT as a prohibited transaction and the 100% prohibited transactions tax is available if the following requirements are met:

 

   

the REIT has held the property for not less than two years;

 

   

the aggregate expenditures made by the REIT, or any partner of the REIT, during the two-year period preceding the date of the sale that are includable in the basis of the property do not exceed 30% of the selling price of the property;

 

   

either (1) during the year in question, the REIT did not make more than seven sales of property other than foreclosure property or sales to which Section 1033 of the Code applies, (2) the aggregate adjusted basis of all such properties sold by the REIT during the year did not exceed 10% of the aggregate basis of all of the assets of the REIT at the beginning of the year or (3) the aggregate fair market value of all such properties sold by the REIT during the year did not exceed 10% of the aggregate fair market value of all of the assets of the REIT at the beginning of the year;

 

   

in the case of property not acquired through foreclosure or lease termination, the REIT has held the property for at least two years for the production of rental income; and

 

   

if the REIT has made more than seven sales of non-foreclosure property during the taxable year, substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures with respect to the property were made through an independent contractor from whom the REIT derives no income.

 

We will attempt to comply with the terms of the safe-harbor provisions in the federal income tax laws prescribing when a property sale will not be characterized as a prohibited transaction. We cannot assure you, however, that we can comply with the safe-harbor provisions or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as property that we hold “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.” The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a taxable REIT subsidiary or other taxable corporation, although such income will be taxed to the corporation at regular corporate income tax rates. If we decide to acquire properties opportunistically to restore in anticipation of immediate resale, we will need to conduct that activity through our TRS to avoid the prohibited transactions tax. No assurance can be given, however, that the IRS will respect the transaction by which any such properties are contributed to our TRS and even if the contribution transaction is respected, our TRS may incur a significant tax liability as a result of any such sales.

 

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Fee Income

 

Fee income generally will not be qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Any fees earned by our TRS, such as fees for providing services to Phoenix Fund, will not be included for purposes of the gross income tests.

 

Foreclosure Property

 

We will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income from foreclosure property, which includes certain foreign currency gains and related deductions, other than income that otherwise would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses directly connected with the production of that income. However, gross income from foreclosure property will qualify under the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Foreclosure property is any real property, including interests in real property, and any personal property incident to such real property:

 

   

that is acquired by a REIT as the result of the REIT having bid on such property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced such property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default or default was imminent on a lease of such property or on indebtedness that such property secured;

 

   

for which the related loan was acquired by the REIT at a time when the default was not imminent or anticipated; and

 

   

for which the REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property.

 

A REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a property where the REIT takes control of the property as a mortgagee-in-possession and cannot receive any profit or sustain any loss except as a creditor of the mortgagor. Property generally ceases to be foreclosure property at the end of the third taxable year (or, with respect to qualified health care property, the second taxable year) following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired the property, or longer if an extension is granted by the Secretary of the Treasury. However, this grace period terminates and foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first day:

 

   

on which a lease is entered into for the property that, by its terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test, or any amount is received or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered into on or after such day that will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test;

 

   

on which any construction takes place on the property, other than completion of a building or any other improvement, where more than 10% of the construction was completed before default became imminent; or

 

   

which is more than 90 days after the day on which the REIT acquired the property and the property is used in a trade or business which is conducted by the REIT, other than through an independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive or receive any income.

 

Hedging Transactions

 

From time to time, we or our operating partnership may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase such items, and futures and forward contracts. Income and gain from “hedging transactions” will be excluded from gross income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests provided we satisfy the indemnification requirements discussed below. A “hedging transaction” means either (1) any transaction entered into in the normal course of our or our operating partnership’s trade or business primarily to manage the risk of interest rate, price changes, or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets and (2) any transaction entered into primarily to manage the risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of

 

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income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% gross income test (or any property which generates such income or gain). We are required to clearly identify any such hedging transaction before the close of the day on which it was acquired, originated, or entered into and to satisfy other identification requirements. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT.

 

Foreign Currency Gain

 

Certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. “Real estate foreign exchange gain” will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Real estate foreign exchange gain generally includes foreign currency gain attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, foreign currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of (or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations secured by mortgages on real property or an interest in real property and certain foreign currency gain attributable to certain “qualified business units” of a REIT. “Passive foreign exchange gain” will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. Passive foreign exchange gain generally includes real estate foreign exchange gain as described above, and also includes foreign currency gain attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test and foreign currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of (or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations. These exclusions for real estate foreign exchange gain and passive foreign exchange gain do not apply to any certain foreign currency gain derived from dealing, or engaging in substantial and regular trading, in securities. Such gain is treated as non-qualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests.

 

Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests

 

If we fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income tests for any taxable year, we nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for that year if we qualify for relief under certain provisions of the federal income tax laws. Those relief provisions are available if:

 

   

our failure to meet those tests is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; and

 

   

following such failure for any taxable year, we file a schedule of the sources of our income in accordance with regulations prescribed by the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury.

 

We cannot predict, however, whether in all circumstances we would qualify for the relief provisions. In addition, as discussed above in “—Taxation of Our Company,” even if the relief provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross income attributable to the greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test multiplied, in either case, by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.

 

Asset Tests

 

To qualify as a REIT, we also must satisfy the following asset tests at the end of each quarter of each taxable year. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must consist of:

 

   

cash or cash items, including certain receivables, certain money market funds and, in certain circumstances, foreign currencies;

 

   

government securities;

 

   

interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to acquire real property and leaseholds;

 

   

interests in mortgage loans secured by real property;

 

   

stock in other REITs; and

 

   

investments in stock or debt instruments during the one-year period following our receipt of new capital that we raise through equity offerings or public offerings of debt with at least a five-year term.

 

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Second, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, the value of our interest in any one issuer’s securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets, or the 5% asset test.

 

Third, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, we may not own more than 10% of the voting power of any one issuer’s outstanding securities or 10% of the value of any one issuer’s outstanding securities, or the 10% vote test or 10% value test, respectively.

 

Fourth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.

 

Fifth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries and other non-taxable REIT subsidiary taxable subsidiaries and other assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test, or the 25% securities test.

 

For purposes of the 5% asset test, the 10% vote test and the 10% value test, the term “securities” does not include shares in another REIT, equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT subsidiary or taxable REIT subsidiary, mortgage loans that constitute real estate assets, or equity interests in a partnership. The term “securities,” however, generally includes debt securities issued by a partnership or another REIT, except that for purposes of the 10% value test, the term “securities” does not include:

 

   

“Straight debt” securities, which is defined as a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money if (1) the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into equity, and (2) the interest rate and interest payment dates are not contingent on profits, the borrower’s discretion, or similar factors. “Straight debt” securities do not include any securities issued by a partnership or a corporation in which we or any controlled taxable REIT subsidiary (i.e., a taxable REIT subsidiary in which we own directly or indirectly more than 50% of the voting power or value of the stock) hold non-“straight debt” securities that have an aggregate value of more than 1% of the issuer’s outstanding securities. However, “straight debt” securities include debt subject to the following contingencies:

 

   

a contingency relating to the time of payment of interest or principal, as long as either (1) there is no change to the effective yield of the debt obligation, other than a change to the annual yield that does not exceed the greater of 0.25% or 5% of the annual yield, or (2) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuer’s debt obligations held by us exceeds $1 million and no more than 12 months of unaccrued interest on the debt obligations can be required to be prepaid; and

 

   

a contingency relating to the time or amount of payment upon a default or prepayment of a debt obligation, as long as the contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice;

 

   

Any loan to an individual or an estate;

 

   

Any “section 467 rental agreement,” other than an agreement with a related party tenant;

 

   

Any obligation to pay “rents from real property”;

 

   

Certain securities issued by governmental entities;

 

   

Any security issued by a REIT;

 

   

Any debt instrument issued by an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we are a partner to the extent of our proportionate interest in the equity and debt securities of the partnership; and

 

   

Any debt instrument issued by an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes not described in the preceding bullet points if at least 75% of the partnership’s gross income, excluding income from prohibited transactions, is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test described above in “—Gross Income Tests.”

 

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For purposes of the 10% value test, our proportionate share of the assets of a partnership is our proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership, without regard to the securities described in the last two bullet points above.

 

As discussed above under “—Gross Income Tests,” we acquire private mortgage loans which are secured by first liens on real property. In general, under the applicable Treasury Regulations, if a loan is secured by real property and other property and the highest principal amount of the loan outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan as of: (1) the date we agreed to acquire or originate the loan; or (2) in the event of a significant modification, the date we modified the loan, then a portion of the interest income from such a loan will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, but will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. Although the law is not entirely clear, a portion of the loan will also likely be a non-qualifying asset for purposes of the 75% asset test. The non-qualifying portion of such a loan would be subject to, among other requirements, the 10% vote or value test. IRS Revenue Procedure 2011-16 provides a safe harbor under which the IRS has stated that it will not challenge a REIT’s treatment of a loan as being, in part, a qualifying real estate asset in an amount equal to the lesser of: (1) the fair market value of the real property securing the loan determined as of the date the REIT committed to acquire the loan; or (2) the fair market value of the loan on the date of the relevant quarterly REIT asset testing date. Under the safe harbor, when the current value of a mortgage loan exceeds the fair market value of the real property that secures the loan, determined as of the date we committed to acquire or originate the loan, the excess will be treated as a non-qualifying asset. We anticipate that our private mortgage loans will generally be treated as qualifying assets for the 75% asset test.

 

We will monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the various asset tests and will manage our portfolio in order to comply at all times with such tests. However, there is no assurance that we will not inadvertently fail to comply with such tests. If we fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, we will not lose our REIT qualification if:

 

   

we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the preceding calendar quarter; and

 

   

the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of one or more non-qualifying assets.

 

If we did not satisfy the condition described in the second item, above, we still could avoid disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which it arose.

 

If we violate the 5% asset test, the 10% vote test or the 10% value test described above, we will not lose our REIT qualification if (1) the failure is de minimis (up to the lesser of 1% of our assets or $10 million) and (2) we dispose of assets causing the failure or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify such failure. In the event of a failure of any of the asset tests (other than de minimis failures described in the preceding sentence), as long as the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will not lose our REIT qualification if we (1) dispose of assets causing the failure or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify the failure, (2) we file a description of each asset causing the failure with the IRS and (3) pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or 35% of the net income from the assets causing the failure during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.

 

We believe that the assets that we hold, and that we will acquire in the future, will allow us to satisfy the foregoing asset test requirements. However, we do not obtain independent appraisals to support our conclusions as to the value of our assets. Moreover, the values of some assets may not be susceptible to a precise determination. As a result, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our ownership of assets violates one or more of the asset tests applicable to REITs.

 

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Sale-Leaseback Transactions

 

A portion of our investments is expected to be in the form of sale-leaseback transactions. We intend to treat these transactions as true leases for federal income tax purposes. However, depending on the terms of any specific transaction, the IRS might take the position that the transaction is not a true lease but is more properly treated in some other manner. If such recharacterization were successful, we would not be entitled to claim the depreciation deductions available to an owner of the property. In addition, the recharacterization of one or more of these transactions might cause us to fail to satisfy the asset tests or the income tests described above and such failure could result in our failing to qualify as a REIT. Alternatively, the amount or timing of income inclusion or the loss of depreciation deductions resulting from the recharacterization might cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement described below for one or more taxable years absent the availability of the deficiency dividend procedure or might result in a larger portion of our dividends being treated as ordinary income to our stockholders.

 

Distribution Requirements

 

Each year, we must distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at least equal to:

 

   

the sum of

 

   

90% of our “REIT taxable income,” computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain or loss, and

 

   

90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property, minus

 

   

the sum of certain items of non-cash income.

 

We must pay such distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if either (1) we declare the distribution before we timely file our federal income tax return for the year and pay the distribution on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such declaration or (2) we declare the distribution in October, November or December of the taxable year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified day in any such month, and we actually pay the dividend before the end of January of the following year. The distributions under clause (1) are taxable to the stockholders in the year in which paid, and the distributions in clause (2) are treated as paid on December 31st of the prior taxable year. In both instances, these distributions relate to our prior taxable year for purposes of the 90% distribution requirement.

 

We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a calendar year, or by the end of January following the calendar year in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, at least the sum of:

 

   

85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year,

 

   

95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year, and

 

   

any undistributed taxable income from prior periods.

 

We will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the sum of (a) the amounts we actually distribute and (b) the amounts we retain and upon which we pay income tax at the corporate level.

 

We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain we receive in a taxable year. If we so elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such retained amount for purposes of the 4% nondeductible excise tax described above. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements and to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax.

 

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It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of that income and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable income. For example, we may not deduct recognized capital losses from our “REIT taxable income.” Further, it is possible that, from time to time, we may be allocated a share of net capital gain attributable to the sale of depreciated property that exceeds our allocable share of cash attributable to that sale. As a result of the foregoing, we may have less cash than is necessary to distribute taxable income sufficient to avoid corporate income tax and the excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income or even to meet the 90% distribution requirement. In such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or, if possible, pay taxable dividends of our capital stock or debt securities.

 

We may satisfy the 90% distribution test with taxable distributions of our stock or debt securities. The IRS has issued private letter rulings to other REITs treating certain distributions that are paid partly in cash and partly in stock as dividends that would satisfy the REIT annual distribution requirement and qualify for the dividends paid deduction for federal income tax purposes. Those rulings may be relied upon only by taxpayers whom they were issued, but we could request a similar ruling from the IRS. In addition, the IRS previously issued a revenue procedure authorizing publicly traded REITs to make elective cash/stock dividends, but that revenue procedure does not apply to our 2012 and future taxable years. Accordingly, it is unclear whether and to what extent we will be able to make taxable dividends payable in cash and stock. We have no current intention to make a taxable dividend payable in our stock.

 

Under certain circumstances, we may be able to correct a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to our stockholders in a later year. We may include such deficiency dividends in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, we will be required to pay interest to the IRS based upon the amount of any deduction we take for deficiency dividends.

 

Recordkeeping Requirements

 

We must maintain certain records in order to qualify as a REIT. In addition, to avoid a monetary penalty, we must request on an annual basis information from our stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding stock. We intend to comply with these requirements.

 

Failure to Qualify

 

If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. In addition, there are relief provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset tests, as described in “—Gross Income Tests” and “—Asset Tests.”

 

If we failed to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year and did not qualify for certain statutory relief provisions, we would be subject to federal income tax and any applicable alternative minimum tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. In calculating our taxable income in a year in which we fail to qualify as a REIT, we would not be able to deduct amounts paid out to stockholders. In fact, we would not be required to distribute any amounts to stockholders in that year. In such event, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, distributions to stockholders generally would be taxable as ordinary income. Subject to certain limitations of the federal income tax laws, corporate stockholders may be eligible for the dividends received deduction and stockholders taxed at individual rates may be eligible for the reduced federal income tax rate of up to 20% on such dividends. Unless we qualified for relief under specific statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. We cannot predict whether in all circumstances we would qualify for such statutory relief.

 

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Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders

 

As used herein, the term “U.S. stockholder” means a holder of our common stock that for federal income tax purposes is:

 

   

a citizen or resident of the United States;

 

   

a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes) created or organized in or under the laws of the United States, any of its states or the District of Columbia;

 

   

an estate whose income is subject to federal income taxation regardless of its source; or

 

   

any trust if (1) a court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.

 

If a partnership, entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership will generally depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding our common stock, you should consult your tax advisor regarding the consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common stock by the partnership.

 

As long as we qualify as a REIT, a taxable U.S. stockholder must generally take into account as ordinary income distributions made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as capital gain dividends or retained long-term capital gain. A U.S. stockholder will not qualify for the dividends received deduction generally available to corporations. In addition, dividends paid to a U.S. stockholder generally will not qualify for the 20% tax rate for “qualified dividend income.” The maximum tax rate for qualified dividend income received by U.S. stockholders taxed at individual rates is currently 20%. The maximum tax rate on qualified dividend income is lower than the maximum tax rate on ordinary income, which is currently 39.6%. Qualified dividend income generally includes dividends paid by domestic C corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations to U.S. stockholders that are taxed at individual rates. Because we are not generally subject to federal income tax on the portion of our REIT taxable income distributed to our stockholders (See “—Taxation of Our Company” above), our dividends generally will not be eligible for the 20% rate on qualified dividend income. As a result, our ordinary REIT dividends will be taxed at the higher tax rate applicable to ordinary income. However, the 20% tax rate for qualified dividend income will apply to our ordinary REIT dividends (1) attributable to dividends received by us from non REIT corporations, such as our TRS, and (2) to the extent attributable to income upon which we have paid corporate income tax (e.g., to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income). In general, to qualify for the reduced tax rate on qualified dividend income, a stockholder must hold our common stock for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which our common stock becomes ex-dividend. Individuals, trusts and estates whose income exceeds certain thresholds are also subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on dividends received from us.

 

A U.S. stockholder generally will take into account as long-term capital gain any distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends without regard to the period for which the U.S. stockholder has held our common stock. We generally will designate our capital gain dividends as either 20% or 25% rate distributions. See “—Capital Gains and Losses.” A corporate U.S. stockholder, however, may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income.

 

We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain that we receive in a taxable year. In that case, to the extent that we designate such amount in a timely notice to such stockholder, a U.S. stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain. The U.S. stockholder would receive a credit for its proportionate share of the tax we paid. The U.S. stockholder would increase the basis in its stock by the amount of its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain, minus its share of the tax we paid.

 

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A U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of the U.S. stockholder’s common stock. Instead, the distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of such stock. A U.S. stockholder will recognize a distribution in excess of both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted basis in his or her stock as long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the shares of stock have been held for one year or less, assuming the shares of stock are a capital asset in the hands of the U.S. stockholder. In addition, if we declare a distribution in October, November, or December of any year that is payable to a U.S. stockholder of record on a specified date in any such month, such distribution shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the U.S. stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided that we actually pay the distribution during January of the following calendar year.

 

U.S. stockholders may not include in their individual income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses. Instead, these losses are generally carried over by us for potential offset against our future income. Taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our common stock will not be treated as passive activity income and, therefore, stockholders generally will not be able to apply any “passive activity losses,” such as losses from certain types of limited partnerships in which the U.S. stockholder is a limited partner, against such income. In addition, taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our common stock generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitations. We will notify U.S. stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to the portions of the distributions attributable to that year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital and capital gain.

 

Taxation of U.S. Stockholders on the Disposition of Common Stock

 

A U.S. stockholder who is not a dealer in securities must generally treat any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of our common stock as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. stockholder has held our common stock for more than one year and otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. In general, a U.S. stockholder will realize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between the sum of the fair market value of any property and the amount of cash received in such disposition and the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted tax basis. A stockholder’s adjusted tax basis generally will equal the U.S. stockholder’s acquisition cost, increased by the excess of net capital gains deemed distributed to the U.S. stockholder (discussed above) less tax deemed paid on such gains and reduced by any returns of capital. However, a U.S. stockholder must treat any loss upon a sale or exchange of common stock held by such stockholder for six months or less as a long-term capital loss to the extent of capital gain dividends and any other actual or deemed distributions from us that such U.S. stockholder treats as long-term capital gain. All or a portion of any loss that a U.S. stockholder realizes upon a taxable disposition of shares of our common stock may be disallowed if the U.S. stockholder purchases other shares of our common stock within 30 days before or after the disposition.

 

Capital Gains and Losses

 

A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for more than one year for gain or loss derived from its sale or exchange to be treated as long-term capital gain or loss. The highest marginal individual income tax rate currently is 39.6%. The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain applicable to taxpayers taxed at individual rates is 20% for sales and exchanges of assets held for more than one year. The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from the sale or exchange of “Section 1250 property,” or depreciable real property, is 25%, which applies to the lesser of the total amount of the gain or the accumulated depreciation on the Section 1250 property. Individuals, trusts and estates whose income exceeds certain thresholds are also subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on gain from the sale of our common stock.

 

With respect to distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends and any retained capital gain that we are deemed to distribute, we generally may designate whether such a distribution is taxable to U.S. stockholders taxed at individual rates currently at a 20% or 25% rate. Thus, the tax rate differential between capital gain and ordinary income for those taxpayers may be significant. In addition, the characterization of

 

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income as capital gain or ordinary income may affect the deductibility of capital losses. A non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses not offset by capital gains against its ordinary income only up to a maximum annual amount of $3,000. A non-corporate taxpayer may carry forward unused capital losses indefinitely. A corporate taxpayer must pay tax on its net capital gain at ordinary corporate rates. A corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses only to the extent of capital gains, with unused losses being carried back three years and forward five years.

 

Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders

 

Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts, generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they are subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income, or UBTI. Although many investments in real estate generate UBTI, the IRS has issued a ruling that dividend distributions from a REIT to an exempt employee pension trust do not constitute UBTI so long as the exempt employee pension trust does not otherwise use the shares of the REIT in an unrelated trade or business of the pension trust. Based on that ruling, amounts that we distribute to tax-exempt stockholders generally should not constitute UBTI. However, if a tax-exempt stockholder were to finance (or be deemed to finance) its acquisition of common stock with debt, a portion of the income that it receives from us would constitute UBTI pursuant to the “debt-financed property” rules. Moreover, social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under special provisions of the federal income tax laws are subject to different UBTI rules, which generally will require them to characterize distributions that they receive from us as UBTI. Finally, in certain circumstances, a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust that owns more than 10% of our capital stock must treat a percentage of the dividends that it receives from us as UBTI. Such percentage is equal to the gross income we derive from an unrelated trade or business, determined as if we were a pension trust, divided by our total gross income for the year in which we pay the dividends. That rule applies to a pension trust holding more than 10% of our capital stock only if:

 

   

the percentage of our dividends that the tax-exempt trust must treat as UBTI is at least 5%;

 

   

we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule requiring that no more than 50% of our capital stock be owned by five or fewer individuals that allows the beneficiaries of the pension trust to be treated as holding our capital stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the pension trust; and

 

   

either:

 

   

one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our capital stock; or

 

   

a group of pension trusts individually holding more than 10% of the value of our capital stock collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our capital stock.

 

Certain restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock generally should prevent a tax-exempt entity from owning more than 10% of the value of our stock, generally should prevent us from becoming a pension trust and generally should prevent a pension trust from having to treat any of the dividends received from us as UBTI.

 

Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders

 

The term “non-U.S. stockholder” means a holder of our common stock that is not a U.S. stockholder, a partnership (or entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes) or a tax-exempt stockholder. The rules governing federal income taxation of nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships, and other foreign stockholders are complex. This section is only a summary of such rules. We urge non-U.S. stockholders to consult their own tax advisors to determine the impact of federal, state, and local income tax laws on the purchase, ownership and sale of our common stock, including any reporting requirements.

 

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Distributions

 

A non-U.S. stockholder that receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of a “United States real property interest,” or USRPI, as defined below, and that we do not designate as a capital gain dividend or retained capital gain will recognize ordinary income to the extent that we pay such distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution ordinarily will apply to such distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax. However, if a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to federal income tax on the distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect to such distribution, and a non-U.S. stockholder that is a corporation also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax with respect to that distribution. We plan to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any such distribution paid to a non-U.S. stockholder unless either:

 

   

a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. stockholder files an IRS Form W-8BEN evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate with us;

 

   

the non-U.S. stockholder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income; or

 

   

the distribution is treated as attributable to a sale of a USRPI under FIRPTA (discussed below).

 

A non-U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the excess portion of such distribution does not exceed the adjusted basis of its common stock. Instead, the excess portion of such distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of such stock. A non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to tax on such a distribution to the extent it exceeds the adjusted basis of its common stock, if the non-U.S. stockholder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the sale or disposition of its common stock, as described below. We must withhold 10% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Consequently, although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on the entire amount of any distribution, to the extent that we do not do so, we will withhold at a rate of 10% on any portion of a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%. Because we generally cannot determine at the time we make a distribution whether the distribution will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we normally will withhold tax on the entire amount of any distribution at the same rate as we would withhold on a dividend. However, a non-U.S. stockholder may claim a refund of amounts that we withhold if we later determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and profits.

 

For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, a non-U.S. stockholder may incur tax on distributions that are attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of a USRPI under the Foreign Investment in Real Property Act of 1980, or FIRPTA. A USRPI includes certain interests in real property and stock in corporations at least 50% of whose assets consist of interests in real property. Under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder is taxed on distributions attributable to gain from sales of USRPIs as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. business of the non-U.S. stockholder. A non-U.S. stockholder thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital gains rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien individual. A non-U.S. corporation that is a stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution. We would be required to withhold 35% of any distribution that we could designate as a capital gain dividend. A non-U.S. stockholder may receive a credit against its tax liability for the amount we withhold.

 

However, if our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States, capital gain distributions on our common stock that are attributable to our sale of a USRPI will be treated as ordinary dividends rather than as gain from the sale of a USRPI, as long as the non-U.S. stockholder did not own more than 5% of our common stock at any time during the one-year period preceding the distribution. As a result, non-U.S. stockholders generally will be subject to withholding tax on such capital gain distributions in the same manner as they are subject to withholding tax on ordinary dividends. We anticipate that our common stock

 

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will be regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States following the IPO. If our common stock is not regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States or the non-U.S. stockholder owned more than 5% of our common stock at any time during the one-year period preceding the distribution, capital gain distributions that are attributable to our sale of USRPIs will be subject to tax under FIRPTA, as described in the preceding paragraph. Moreover, if a non-U.S. stockholder disposes of our common stock during the 30-day period preceding a dividend payment, and such non-U.S. stockholder (or a person related to such non-U.S. stockholder) acquires or enters into a contract or option to acquire our common stock within 61 days of the first day of the 30-day period described above, and any portion of such dividend payment would, but for the disposition, be treated as a USRPI capital gain to such non-U.S. stockholder, then such non-U.S. stockholder shall be treated as having USRPI capital gain in an amount that, but for the disposition, would have been treated as USRPI capital gain.

 

Although the law is not clear on the matter, it appears that amounts we designate as retained capital gains in respect of the common stock held by U.S. stockholders generally should be treated with respect to non-U.S. stockholders in the same manner as actual distributions by us of capital gain dividends. Under this approach, a non-U.S. stockholder would be able to offset as a credit against its federal income tax liability resulting from its proportionate share of the tax paid by us on such retained capital gains, and to receive from the IRS a refund to the extent the non-U.S. stockholder’s proportionate share of such tax paid by us exceeds its actual federal income tax liability, provided that the non-U.S. stockholder furnishes required information to the IRS on a timely basis.

 

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on dividends paid to certain non-U.S. stockholders if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied. If payment of withholding taxes is required, non-U.S. stockholders that are otherwise eligible for an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. withholding taxes with respect of such dividends will be required to seek a refund from the IRS to obtain the benefit or such exemption or reduction. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of any amounts withheld.

 

Dispositions

 

Non-U.S. stockholders could incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain realized upon a disposition of our common stock if we are a United States real property holding corporation during a specified testing period. If at least 50% of a REIT’s assets are USRPIs, then the REIT will be a United States real property holding corporation. We believe that we are a United States real property holding corporation based on our investment strategy. However, even if we are a United States real property holding corporation, a non-U.S. stockholder generally would not incur tax under FIRPTA on gain from the sale of our common stock if we are a “domestically controlled qualified investment entity.” A “domestically controlled qualified investment entity” includes a REIT in which, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of its shares are held directly or indirectly by non-U.S. stockholders. We cannot assure you that this test will be met.

 

In addition, if our common stock is regularly traded on an established securities market, another exception to the tax under FIRPTA will be available with respect to our common stock, even if we do not qualify as a domestically controlled qualified investment entity at the time the non-U.S. stockholder sells our common stock. Under that exception, the gain from such a sale by such a non-U.S. stockholder will not be subject to tax under FIRPTA if (1) our common stock is treated as being regularly traded under applicable Treasury Regulations on an established securities market and (2) the non-U.S. stockholder owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less of our common stock at all times during a specified testing period. As noted above, we anticipate that our common stock will be regularly traded on an established securities market following the IPO.

 

If the gain on the sale of our common stock were taxed under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder would be taxed on that gain in the same manner as U.S. stockholders, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals, and the purchaser of the common stock could be required to withhold 10% of the purchase price and remit such amount to the IRS. Furthermore, a

 

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non-U.S. stockholder generally will incur tax on gain not subject to FIRPTA if (1) the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain or (2) the non-U.S. stockholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will incur a 30% tax on his or her capital gains.

 

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on proceeds from the sale of our common stock received by certain non-U.S. stockholders if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied. If payment of withholding taxes is required, non-U.S. stockholders that are otherwise eligible for an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. withholding taxes with respect of such proceeds will be required to seek a refund from the IRS to obtain the benefit or such exemption or reduction. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of any amounts withheld.

 

Information Reporting Requirements and Withholding

 

We will report to our stockholders and to the IRS the amount of distributions we pay during each calendar year, and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% with respect to distributions unless the stockholder:

 

   

is a corporation or qualifies for certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or

 

   

provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules.

 

A stockholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholder’s income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us.

 

Backup withholding will generally not apply to payments of dividends made by us or our paying agents, in their capacities as such, to a non-U.S. stockholder provided that the non-U.S. stockholder furnishes to us or our paying agent the required certification as to its non-U.S. status, such as providing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8ECI, or certain other requirements are met. Notwithstanding the foregoing, backup withholding may apply if either we or our paying agent has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that the holder is a U.S. person that is not an exempt recipient. Payments of the proceeds from a disposition or a redemption effected outside the U.S. by a non-U.S. stockholder made by or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, information reporting (but not backup withholding) generally will apply to such a payment if the broker has certain connections with the U.S. unless the broker has documentary evidence in its records that the beneficial owner is a non-U.S. stockholder and specified conditions are met or an exemption is otherwise established. Payment of the proceeds from a disposition by a non-U.S. stockholder of common stock made by or through the U.S. office of a broker is generally subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless the non-U.S. stockholder certifies under penalties of perjury that it is not a U.S. person and satisfies certain other requirements, or otherwise establishes an exemption from information reporting and backup withholding.

 

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or credited against the stockholder’s federal income tax liability if certain required information is furnished to the IRS. Stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding application of backup withholding to them and the availability of, and procedure for obtaining an exemption from, backup withholding.

 

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on dividends received by U.S. stockholders who own our capital stock through foreign accounts or foreign

 

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intermediaries if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied. In addition, if those disclosure requirements are not satisfied, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2016, on proceeds from the sale of our common stock by U.S. stockholders who own our common stock through foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any U.S. stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of amounts withheld.

 

Other Tax Consequences

 

Tax Aspects of Our Investments in Our Operating Partnership and Subsidiary Partnerships

 

The following discussion summarizes certain federal income tax considerations applicable to our direct or indirect investments in our operating partnership and any subsidiary partnerships or limited liability companies that we form or acquire (each individually a “Partnership” and, collectively, the “Partnerships”). The discussion does not cover state or local tax laws or any federal tax laws other than income tax laws.

 

Classification as Partnerships

 

We will be entitled to include in our income our distributive share of each Partnership’s income and to deduct our distributive share of each Partnership’s losses only if such Partnership is classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity is treated as having only one owner or member for federal income tax purposes) rather than as a corporation or an association taxable as a corporation. An unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members will be classified as a partnership, rather than as a corporation, for federal income tax purposes if it:

 

   

is treated as a partnership under the Treasury Regulations relating to entity classification (the “check-the-box regulations”); and

 

   

is not a “publicly-traded partnership.”

 

Under the check-the-box regulations, an unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members may elect to be classified either as an association taxable as a corporation or as a partnership. If such an entity fails to make an election, it generally will be treated as a partnership (or an entity that is disregarded for federal income tax purposes if the entity is treated as having only one owner or member for federal income tax purposes) for federal income tax purposes. Our operating partnership intends to be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes and will not elect to be treated as an association taxable as a corporation under the check-the-box regulations.

 

A publicly-traded partnership is a partnership whose interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. A publicly-traded partnership will not, however, be treated as a corporation for any taxable year if, for each taxable year beginning after December 31, 1987 in which it was classified as a publicly-traded partnership, 90% or more of the partnership’s gross income for such year consists of certain passive-type income, including real property rents, gains from the sale or other disposition of real property, interest, and dividends, or (the “90% passive income exception”). Treasury Regulations provide limited safe harbors from the definition of a publicly-traded partnership. Pursuant to one of those safe harbors (the “private placement exclusion”), interests in a partnership will not be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof if (1) all interests in the partnership were issued in a transaction or transactions that were not required to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (2) the partnership does not have more than 100 partners at any time during the partnership’s taxable year. In determining the number of partners in a partnership, a person owning an interest in a partnership, grantor trust, or S corporation that owns an interest in the partnership is treated as a partner in such partnership only if (1) substantially all of the value of the owner’s interest in the entity is attributable to the entity’s direct or indirect interest in the partnership and (2) a principal purpose of the use of the entity is to permit

 

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the partnership to satisfy the 100-partner limitation. We anticipate that our operating partnership and any other partnership in which we own an interest will qualify for the private placement exception.

 

We have not requested, and do not intend to request, a ruling from the IRS that our operating partnership will be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. If for any reason our operating partnership were taxable as a corporation, rather than as a partnership, for federal income tax purposes, we likely would not be able to qualify as a REIT unless we qualified for certain relief provisions. See “—Gross Income Tests” and “—Asset Tests.” In addition, any change in a Partnership’s status for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event, in which case we might incur tax liability without any related cash distribution. See “—Distribution Requirements.” Further, items of income and deduction of such Partnership would not pass through to its partners, and its partners would be treated as stockholders for tax purposes. Consequently, such Partnership would be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on its net income, and distributions to its partners would constitute dividends that would not be deductible in computing such Partnership’s taxable income.

 

Income Taxation of the Partnerships and their Partners

 

Partners, Not the Partnerships, Subject to Tax

 

A partnership is not a taxable entity for federal income tax purposes. Rather, we are required to take into account our allocable share of each Partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits for any taxable year of such Partnership ending within or with our taxable year, without regard to whether we have received or will receive any distribution from such Partnership.

 

Partnership Allocations

 

Although a partnership agreement generally will determine the allocation of income and losses among partners, such allocations will be disregarded for tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations. If an allocation is not recognized for federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership, which will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to such item. Each Partnership’s allocations of taxable income, gain, and loss are intended to comply with the requirements of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations.

 

Tax Allocations With Respect to Partnership Properties

 

ARM was treated for federal income tax purposes as contributing its assets to our operating partnership in exchange for OP units, and we may acquire properties in exchange for OP units in the future. Income, gain, loss, and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution. The amount of the unrealized gain or unrealized loss (“built-in gain” or “built-in loss”) is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of the contributed property at the time of contribution and the adjusted tax basis of such property at the time of contribution (a “book-tax difference”). Any property purchased for cash initially will have an adjusted tax basis equal to its fair market value, resulting in no book-tax difference.

 

Allocations with respect to book-tax differences are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. The U.S. Treasury Department has issued regulations requiring partnerships to use a “reasonable method” for allocating items with respect to which there is a book-tax difference and outlining several reasonable allocation methods. Under certain available methods, the carryover basis of contributed properties in the hands of our operating partnership

 

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(1) could cause us to be allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for tax purposes than would be allocated to us if all contributed properties were to have a tax basis equal to their fair market value at the time of the contribution and (2) in the event of a sale of such properties, could cause us to be allocated taxable gain in excess of the economic or book gain allocated to us as a result of such sale, with a corresponding benefit to the contributing partners. An allocation described in (2) above might cause us to recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds in the event of a sale or other disposition of property, which might adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements and may result in a greater portion of our distributions being taxed as dividends. We intend to use the “traditional” method for the book-tax difference caused by the contribution of ARM’s assets to our operating partnership. We have not yet decided what method will be used to account for book-tax differences for properties that may be acquired in exchange for OP units by our operating partnership in the future.

 

Our operating partnership will revalue its assets upon the grant of LTIP units and thereafter upon the occurrence of certain specified events permitted under the Treasury Regulations (including a subsequent issuance of LTIP units and the contribution of the net proceeds from the IPO to our operating partnership), and any increase in valuation since the time of grant of such LTIP units or the last revaluation event from the time of grant until such event will be allocated first to the existing LTIP unit holders to equalize the capital accounts of such holders with the capital accounts of holders of our other outstanding OP units. Upon equalization of the capital accounts of the LTIP unit holders with the capital accounts of the other holders of our OP units, the LTIP units will achieve full parity with our other OP units for all purposes, including with respect to liquidating distributions. See “Operating Partnership and the Partnership Agreement—LTIP Units.” The liquidation value of an LTIP unit upon grant will be zero because liquidating distributions are required to be made in accordance with the partners’ positive capital account balances (and at the time of the grant of an LTIP unit, the capital account of the holder of such LTIP unit is zero with respect to such LTIP unit).

 

Sale of a Partnership’s Property

 

Generally, any gain realized by a Partnership on the sale of property held by the Partnership for more than one year will be long-term capital gain, except for any portion of such gain that is treated as depreciation or cost recovery recapture. Under Section 704(c) of the Code, any gain or loss recognized by a Partnership on the disposition of contributed properties will be allocated first to the partners of the Partnership who contributed such properties to the extent of their built-in gain or loss on those properties for federal income tax purposes. The partners’ built-in gain or loss on such contributed properties will equal the difference between the partners’ proportionate share of the book value of those properties and the partners’ tax basis allocable to those properties at the time of the contribution as reduced for any decrease in the “book-tax difference.” See “—Income Taxation of the Partnerships and their Partners—Tax Allocations With Respect to Partnership Properties.” Any remaining gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of the contributed properties, and any gain or loss recognized by the Partnership on the disposition of the other properties, will be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the Partnership.

 

Our share of any gain realized by a Partnership on the sale of any property held by the Partnership as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of the Partnership’s trade or business will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% prohibited transactions tax. Such prohibited transaction income also may have an adverse effect upon our ability to satisfy the income tests for REIT status. See “—Gross Income Tests.” We do not presently intend to acquire or hold or to allow any Partnership to acquire or hold any property that represents inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our or such Partnership’s trade or business.

 

Legislative or Other Actions Affecting REITs

 

The present federal income tax treatment of REITs may be modified, possibly with retroactive effect, by legislative, judicial or administrative action at any time. The REIT rules are constantly under review by persons

 

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involved in the legislative process and by the IRS and the U.S. Treasury Department which may result in statutory changes as well as revisions to regulations and interpretations. Additionally, several of the tax considerations described herein are currently under review and are subject to change. Prospective stockholders are urged to consult with their own tax advisors regarding the effect of potential changes to the federal tax laws on an investment in our common stock.

 

State and Local Taxes

 

We and/or you may be subject to taxation by various states and localities, including those in which we or a stockholder transacts business, owns property or resides. The state and local tax treatment may differ from the federal income tax treatment described above. Consequently, you should consult your own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws upon an investment in our common stock.

 

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ERISA CONSIDERATIONS

 

The following is a summary of certain considerations associated with the purchase of the shares of our common stock by employee benefit plans that are subject to Title I of the United States Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, or ERISA, plans, individual retirement accounts and other arrangements that are subject to Section 4975 of the Code or provisions under any federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that are similar to such provisions of the Code or ERISA, or, collectively, Similar Laws, and entities whose underlying assets are considered to include “plan assets” of any such plan, account or arrangement, or, each, a Plan. THE FOLLOWING IS MERELY A SUMMARY, HOWEVER, AND SHOULD NOT BE CONSTRUED AS LEGAL ADVICE OR AS COMPLETE IN ALL RELEVANT RESPECTS. ALL INVESTORS ARE URGED TO CONSULT THEIR LEGAL ADVISORS BEFORE INVESTING ASSETS OF A PLAN IN US AND TO MAKE THEIR OWN INDEPENDENT DECISION.

 

General Fiduciary Matters

 

ERISA and the Code impose certain duties on persons who are fiduciaries of a Plan subject to Title I of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code, or an ERISA Plan, and prohibit certain transactions involving the assets of an ERISA Plan and its fiduciaries or other interested parties. Under ERISA and the Code, any person who exercises any discretionary authority or control over the administration of such an ERISA Plan or the management or disposition of the assets of such an ERISA Plan, or who renders investment advice for a fee or other compensation to such an ERISA Plan, is generally considered to be a fiduciary of the ERISA Plan.

 

In considering an investment in shares of our common stock of a portion of the assets of any Plan, a fiduciary should determine whether the investment is in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the Plan and the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code or any Similar Law relating to a fiduciary’s duties to the Plan including, without limitation, the prudence, diversification, delegation of control and prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA, the Code and any other applicable Similar Laws.

 

Prohibited Transaction Issues

 

Section 406 of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code (which also applies to IRAs that are subject to ERISA) prohibit ERISA Plans from engaging in specified transactions involving plan assets with persons or entities who are “parties in interest,” within the meaning of ERISA, or “disqualified persons,” within the meaning of Section 4975 of the Code, unless an exemption is available. A party in interest or disqualified person who engages in a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to excise taxes and other penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code and may result in the disqualification of an IRA. In addition, the fiduciary of the ERISA Plan that engages in such a non-exempt prohibited transaction may be subject to penalties and liabilities under ERISA and the Code.

 

Whether or not the underlying assets of American Residential Properties, Inc. are deemed to include “plan assets,” as described below, the acquisition and/or holding of shares of our common stock by an ERISA Plan with respect to which we or the initial purchaser is considered a party in interest or a disqualified person may constitute or result in a direct or indirect prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA and/or Section 4975 of the Code, unless the investment is acquired and is held in accordance with an applicable statutory, class or individual prohibited transaction exemption. In this regard, the United States Department of Labor, or the DOL, has issued prohibited transaction class exemptions, or PTCEs, that may apply to the acquisition and holding of our common stock. These class exemptions include, without limitation, PTCE 84-14 respecting transactions determined by independent qualified professional asset managers, PTCE 90-1 respecting insurance company pooled separate accounts, PTCE 91-38 respecting bank collective investment funds, PTCE 95-60 respecting life insurance company general accounts and PTCE 96-23 respecting transactions determined by in-house asset managers. In addition, Section 408(b)(17) of ERISA and Section 4975(d)(20) of the Code provide an exemption from the prohibited transaction provisions of ERISA and Section 4975 of the Code for certain transactions,

 

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provided that neither the issuer of the securities nor any of its affiliates (directly or indirectly) have or exercise any discretionary authority or control or render any investment advice with respect to the assets of any ERISA Plan involved in the transaction and provided further that the ERISA Plan pays no more than adequate consideration in connection with the transaction. There can be no assurance that all of the conditions of any such exemptions will be satisfied.

 

Plan Asset Issues

 

The DOL Plan Asset Regulations, promulgated under ERISA by the DOL, generally provide that when an ERISA Plan acquires an equity interest in an entity that is neither a “publicly-offered security” nor a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, the ERISA Plan’s assets include both the equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the underlying assets of the entity unless it is established either that less than 25% of the total value of each class of equity interest in the entity is held by “benefit plan investors” as defined in Section 3(42) of ERISA (the “insignificant participation test”) or that the entity is an “operating company,” as defined in the DOL Plan Asset Regulations.

 

For purposes of the DOL Plan Asset Regulations, (1) a “publicly-offered security” is a security that is (a) ”freely transferable,” (b) part of a class of securities that is “widely held,” and (c) (x) sold to the Plan as part of an offering of securities to the public pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act and the class of securities to which such security is a part is registered under the Exchange Act within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which the offering of such securities to the public has occurred, or (y) is part of a class of securities that is registered under Section 12 of the Exchange Act; and (2) an “operating company” includes an entity that is primarily engaged, directly or through a majority owned subsidiary or subsidiaries, in the production or sale of a product or service, other than the investment of capital. Our common stock will not qualify as a “publicly-offered security” immediately after the IPO and will not qualify until such time as we register our common stock under Section 12 of the Exchange Act.

 

For purposes of the “insignificant participation test,” the DOL Plan Asset Regulations provide that equity participation in an entity by benefit plan investors is not significant if their aggregate interest is less than 25% of the value of each class of equity securities in the entity, disregarding, for purposes of such determination, any interests held by persons and their affiliates (other than Controlling Persons), who have discretionary authority or control with respect to the assets of the entity or who provide investment advice for a fee with respect to such assets. In order to satisfy the “insignificant participation test,” our charter generally provides that until such time as each outstanding class or securities of our capital stock becomes a “publicly-offered security” under the DOL Plan Asset Regulations or we qualify for another exception under the DOL Plan Asset Regulations, equity participation in each outstanding series or class of our capital stock will be limited to less than 25% of the value of such series or class, disregarding for such purposes, any interests held by persons or their affiliates (other than benefit plan investors) who have discretionary authority or control with respect to our assets or who provide investment advice for a fee with respect to our assets. In addition, our charter generally provides that until such time as each outstanding series or class or our capital stock becomes a “publicly-offered security” or we qualify for another exception under the DOL Plan Asset Regulations, no person may sell or transfer our capital stock to a benefit plan investor or controlling person.

 

As noted above, the assets of a benefit plan investor do not include the underlying assets of the entity when the benefit plan investor acquires an equity interest in an “operating company.” Under the DOL Plan Asset Regulations, an entity is an “operating company” if it is primarily engaged, either directly or through a majority- owned subsidiary or subsidiaries, in the production or sale of a product or services other than the investment of capital. The term “operating company” includes, among other things, a “real estate operating company” or a REOC. In general, an entity may qualify as a REOC if (1) at least 50% of its assets value at cost, other than short-term investments pending long-term commitment or distribution to investors are invested in real estate which is managed or developed and with respect to which the entity has the right to substantially participate directly in the management or development activities and (2) such entity in the ordinary course of its business is

 

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engaged directly in real estate management or development activities. We believe that we may qualify as a REOC for purposes of the DOL Plan Asset Regulations. However, there can be no assurance that such qualification will be available initially or will continue indefinitely. In order to assure that our assets are not deemed to be “plan assets” under ERISA, our charter includes ownership and transfer restrictions intended to satisfy the “insignificant participation test” in the event that we do not qualify as a REOC.

 

Plan Asset Consequences

 

If our assets were deemed to be “plan assets” under ERISA, this would result, among other things, in (1) the application of the prudence and other fiduciary responsibility standards of ERISA to investments made by us, and (2) the possibility that certain transactions in which we might seek to engage could constitute “prohibited transactions” under ERISA and the Code.

 

Representation

 

Accordingly, by acceptance of the shares of our common stock each purchaser or subsequent transferee of shares of our common stock will be deemed to have represented and warranted either that (1) no portion of such purchaser’s or transferee’s assets used to acquire such shares constitutes assets of any benefit plan investor or (2) the purchase of shares of our common stock by such purchaser or transferee will not constitute a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or similar violation under any applicable Similar Laws. Each purchaser or subsequent transferee of shares of our common stock also will be deemed to have represented or warranted that the shares will not be transferred to any benefit plan investor or Controlling Person until each outstanding series and class of our capital stock qualifies as a “publicly-offered security” or we qualify for another exception to the DOL Plan Asset Regulations (other than the exception for insignificant participation).

 

The foregoing discussion is general in nature, is not intended to be all-inclusive, and is based on laws in effect on the date of this prospectus. Such discussion should not be construed as legal advice. Due to the complexity of these rules and the penalties that may be imposed upon persons involved in non-exempt prohibited transactions, it is particularly important that fiduciaries, or other persons considering purchasing shares of our common stock on behalf of, or with the assets of, any Plan consult with counsel regarding the potential applicability of ERISA, Section 4975 of the Code and Similar Laws to such investment and whether an exemption would be applicable to the purchase of shares of our common stock.

 

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 

We are registering the shares covered by this prospectus to permit the selling stockholders to conduct public secondary trading of these shares from time to time after the date of this prospectus. We will not receive any of the proceeds of the sale of the shares offered by this prospectus. The aggregate proceeds to the selling stockholders from the sale of the shares will be the purchase price of the shares less any discounts and commissions. Each selling stockholder reserves the right to accept and, together with their respective agents, to reject, any proposed purchases of shares to be made directly or through agents.

 

The selling stockholders and any of their pledgees, assignees and successors-in-interest may, from time to time, sell any or all of their shares of common stock offered by this prospectus on any stock exchange, market or trading facility on which the shares are traded or in private transactions. These sales may be at fixed or negotiated prices. The selling stockholders may use any one or more of the following methods when selling the shares offered by this prospectus:

 

   

ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which the broker dealer solicits purchasers;

 

   

block trades in which the broker dealer will attempt to sell the shares as agent but may position and resell a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction;

 

   

purchases by a broker dealer as principal and resale by the broker dealer for its account;

 

   

an exchange distribution in accordance with the rules of the applicable exchange;

 

   

privately negotiated transactions;

 

   

broker dealers may agree with the selling stockholders to sell a specified number of such shares at a stipulated price per share;

 

   

a combination of any such methods of sale; and

 

   

any other method permitted pursuant to applicable law.

 

In connection with these sales, the selling stockholders may enter into hedging transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions that in turn may:

 

   

engage in short sales of shares of the common stock in the course of hedging their positions;

 

   

sell shares of the common stock short and deliver shares of the common stock to close out short positions;

 

   

loan or pledge shares of the common stock to broker-dealers or other financial institutions that in turn may sell shares of the common stock;

 

   

enter into option or other transactions with broker-dealers or other financial institutions that require the delivery to the broker-dealer or other financial institution of shares of the common stock, which the broker-dealer or other financial institution may resell under the prospectus; or

 

   

enter into transactions in which a broker-dealer makes purchases as a principal for resale for its own account or through other types of transactions.

 

Broker dealers engaged by the selling stockholders may arrange for other brokers dealers to participate in sales. Broker dealers may receive commissions or discounts from the selling stockholders (or, if any broker dealer acts as agent for the purchaser of shares, from the purchaser) in amounts to be negotiated. The selling stockholders do not expect these commissions and discounts to exceed what is customary in the types of transactions involved.

 

To our knowledge, there are currently no plans, arrangements or understandings between any selling stockholder and any underwriter, broker-dealer or agent regarding the sale of the shares by the selling stockholders.

 

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We intend to apply to list our common stock on the NYSE under the symbol “             .” However, we can give no assurances as to the development of liquidity or trading market for the shares.

 

Subject to certain exceptions, we, all of our officers, directors and Phoenix Fund have agreed that, without the prior written consent of the representatives on behalf of the underwriters of the IPO, we and they will not, during the period ending 180 days after the date of the IPO prospectus and this prospectus:

 

   

offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of our common stock;

 

   

file any registration statement with the SEC relating to the offering of any shares of our common stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for our common stock; or

 

   

enter into any swap or other arrangement that transfers to another, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of our common stock;

 

whether any such transaction described above is to be settled by delivery of common stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise. Additionally, all of our other stockholders have agreed with us not to directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell, grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of our common stock for 180 days, in the case of the holder who is the selling stockholder in the IPO, or 60 days, in the case of the selling stockholders named in this prospectus, in each case after the date of the IPO prospectus and this prospectus. We have agreed not to waive or otherwise modify this agreement without the prior written consent of the representatives of the underwriters of the IPO.

 

The restrictions described in the immediately preceding paragraph do not apply to the sale of shares to the underwriters or transactions by any person other than us, our directors and officers and Phoenix Fund relating to shares of our common stock or other securities acquired in the IPO or in open market transactions after completion of the IPO.

 

The representatives, in their sole discretion, may release, or authorize us to release, as the case may be, the common stock and other securities subject to the lock-up agreements described above in whole or in part at any time with or without notice.

 

In compliance with the guidelines of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA, the aggregate maximum discount, commission or agency fees or other items constituting underwriting compensation to be received by any FINRA member or independent broker-dealer will not exceed 8% of the proceeds from any offering pursuant to this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement.

 

Any shares covered by this prospectus that qualify for sale under Rule 144 of the Securities Act may be sold under Rule 144 rather than under this prospectus. The shares covered by this prospectus may also be sold to non-U.S. persons outside the U.S. in accordance with Regulation S under the Securities Act rather than under this prospectus. The shares may be sold in some states only through registered or licensed brokers or dealers. In addition, in some states the shares may not be sold unless it has been registered or qualified for sale or an exemption from registration or qualification is available and complied with.

 

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LEGAL MATTERS

 

The validity of the shares of common stock being offered hereby will be passed upon for us by Venable LLP.

 

EXPERTS

 

The consolidated financial statements and schedules of American Residential Properties, Inc. at December 31, 2012, and for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, appearing in this prospectus and registration statement have been audited by Ernst & Young LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and are included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

The financial statement of Empire Arizona Properties for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing in this prospectus and registration statement has been audited by Semple, Marchal & Cooper, LLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and is included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

The financial statement of Wymont Arizona Properties for the year ended December 31, 2012 appearing in this prospectus and registration statement has been audited by EKS&H LLLP, independent registered public accounting firm, as set forth in their report thereon appearing elsewhere herein, and is included in reliance upon such report given on the authority of such firm as experts in accounting and auditing.

 

Unless otherwise indicated, all economic and demographic data and forecasts included in this prospectus, including information relating to the historical and forecasted economic and demographic conditions in our markets contained in the sections of this prospectus captioned “Prospectus Summary,” “Industry Overview and Market Opportunity” and “Our Business and Investments,” is derived from a market study prepared for us by JBREC, and is included in this prospectus in reliance on JBREC’s authority as an expert in such matters. We have agreed to pay JBREC a total fee of $62,572 for the market information and reports it provides to us, of which $16,202 has been paid and $46,370 will be paid upon completion of the IPO. Under our agreement with JBREC, we have agreed to indemnify JBREC and its affiliates and employees against claims and damages, including claims and damages under the Securities Act, arising out of our use of the market information provided to us by JBREC in connection with the IPO and this offering, except to the extent such claims or damages result from the bad faith, gross negligence, willful misconduct or knowing violation of law by JBREC or its affiliates or employees.

 

WHERE YOU CAN FIND ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

 

We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-11, of which this prospectus is a part, under the Securities Act with respect to the shares of our common stock offered pursuant to this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto. For further information about our company and the shares of our common stock offered by this prospectus, reference is made to the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to in this prospectus are not necessarily complete and, where that contract or other document has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each statement in this prospectus is qualified in all respects by the exhibit to which the reference relates. Copies of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules thereto, may be examined without charge at the public reference room of the SEC, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Information about the operation of the public reference room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0300. Copies of all or a portion of the registration statement can be obtained from the public reference room of the SEC upon payment of prescribed fees. Our SEC filings, including our registration statement, are also available to you, free of charge, on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov.

 

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As a result of the IPO, we will become subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, and we will file periodic reports and other information with the SEC. These periodic reports and other information will be available for inspection and copying at the SEC’s public reference facilities and the website of the SEC referred to above.

 

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 

     Page  

American Residential Properties, Inc.—Consolidated Financial Statements

  

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

     F-2   

Consolidated Balance Sheet

     F-3   

Consolidated Statement of Operations and Comprehensive Loss

     F-4   

Consolidated Statement of Equity

     F-5   

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows

     F-6   

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements

     F-7   

Schedule III—Real Estate and Accumulated Depreciation

     F-19   

Schedule IV—Mortgage Loans on Real Estate

     F-21   

 

All other schedules are omitted, because they are not applicable or the required information is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.

 

Empire Arizona Properties—Financial Statement

  

Independent Auditors’ Report

     F-22   

Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses

     F-23   

Notes to Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses

     F-24   

 

Wymont Arizona Properties—Financial Statement

  

Independent Auditors ’ Report

     F-26   

Statement of Revenues and Certain Operating Expenses

     F-27   

Notes to Statement of Revenues and Certain Operating Expenses

     F-28   

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of

American Residential Properties, Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of American Residential Properties, Inc. (the Company) as of December 31, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of operations and comprehensive loss, equity, and cash flows for the period March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012. Our audit also included the financial statement schedules listed in the accompanying index to consolidated financial statements. These financial statements and schedules are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedules based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of American Residential Properties, Inc. at December 31, 2012, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for the period March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedules, when considered in relation to the basic consolidated financial statements taken as a whole, present fairly, in all material respects, the information set forth therein.

 

                                     /s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

Phoenix, Arizona

March 22, 2013, except for Note 11, as to which the date is April 22, 2013

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

As of December 31, 2012

 

Assets

  

Investment in real estate:

  

Land

   $ 44,381   

Building and improvements

     171,598   

Furniture, fixtures and equipment

     1,994   
  

 

 

 
     217,973   

Less: accumulated depreciation

     (1,277
  

 

 

 

Investment in real estate, net

     216,696   

Mortgage financings

     13,025   

Cash and cash equivalents

     101,725   

Acquisition deposits

     217   

Rents and other receivables, net

     1,703   

Due from related party

     26   

Deferred leasing costs and lease intangibles, net

     1,576   

Investment in unconsolidated ventures

     10,060   

Goodwill

     3,500   

Other, net

     899   
  

 

 

 

Total assets

   $ 349,427   
  

 

 

 

Liabilities and equity

  

Liabilities:

  

Accounts payable and accrued expenses

   $ 2,438   

Security deposits

     626   

Prepaid rent

     132   
  

 

 

 

Total liabilities

     3,196   

Equity:

  

American Residential Properties, Inc. stockholders’ equity:

  

Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 100,000,000 shares authorized; no shares issued and outstanding

     —     

Common stock, $0.01 par value, 500,000,000 shares authorized; 18,387,257 shares issued and outstanding

     184   

Additional paid-in capital

     346,851   

Accumulated deficit

     (6,139
  

 

 

 

Total American Residential Properties, Inc. stockholders’ equity

     340,896   

Non-controlling interests

     5,335   
  

 

 

 

Total equity

     346,231   
  

 

 

 

Total liabilities and equity

   $ 349,427   
  

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

(amounts in thousands, except share and per-share amounts)

Period from March 30, 2012 (Inception) through December 31, 2012

 

Revenue:

  

Self-managed rental revenue

   $ 1,746   

Preferred operator rental revenue

     449   

Management services (related party)

     238   

Interest and other

     497   
  

 

 

 

Total revenue

     2,930   

Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     912   

Real estate taxes

     608   

Homeowners’ association fees

     330   

Acquisition

     760   

Depreciation and amortization

     1,804   

General, administrative and other

     4,837   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     9,251   
  

 

 

 

Loss from continuing operations before equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     (6,321

Equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     83   
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss

     (6,238
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss attributable to non-controlling interests

     99   
  

 

 

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (6,139
  

 

 

 

Basic and diluted loss per share:

  

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (0.53
  

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding

     11,536,193   
  

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(amounts in thousands, except share amounts)

Period from March 30, 2012 (Inception) through December 31, 2012

 

    Number of
Shares
Common
Stock
    Common
Stock
    Preferred
Stock
    Additional
Paid-In
Capital
    Accumulated
Deficit
    Non-
Controlling
Interests
    Total
Equity
 

Balance, March 30, 2012 (inception)

    —        $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —        $ —     

Issuance of common equity

    18,387,257        184        —          346,851        —          —          347,035   

Issuance of non-controlling interests

    —          —          —          —          —          3,500        3,500   

Net loss

    —          —          —          —          (6,139     (99     (6,238

Other comprehensive loss

    —          —          —          —          —          —          —     

Share-based compensation

    —          —          —          —          —          1,934        1,934   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Balance, December 31, 2012

    18,387,257      $ 184      $ —        $ 346,851      $ (6,139   $ 5,335      $ 346,231   
 

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

 

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(amounts in thousands)

Period from March 30, 2012 (Inception) through December 31, 2012

 

Operating activities

  

Net loss

   $ (6,238

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:

  

Depreciation and amortization

     1,804   

Amortization of stock-based compensation

     1,934   

Bad debt expense

     49   

Straight line rent revenue

     (46

Equity in net income of unconsolidated ventures

     (83

Distributions from unconsolidated ventures

     83   

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

  

Rent and other receivables, net

     (1,708

Due from related party

     (26

Deferred leasing costs

     (178

Other assets, net

     (927

Accounts payable and other liabilities

     2,564   
  

 

 

 

Net cash used in operating activities

     (2,772

Investing activities

  

Additions to investment in real estate

     (2,819

Property acquisitions, including acquired in-place leases

     (216,417

Investment in mortgage financings

     (14,410

Repayment from mortgage financings

     1,385   

Contributions to unconsolidated ventures

     (10,156

Distributions from unconsolidated ventures

     96   

Increase in acquisition deposits

     (217
  

 

 

 

Net cash used in investing activities

     (242,538

Financing activities

  

Proceeds from issuance of common stock

     371,222   

Common stock issuance transaction costs

     (24,187
  

 

 

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

     347,035   
  

 

 

 

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents

     101,725   

Cash and cash equivalents—beginning of period

     —     
  

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents—end of period

   $ 101,725   
  

 

 

 

Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities

  

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities for additions to investments in real estate

   $ 634   

Acquisition of management company business in exchange for operating partnership units

   $ 3,500   

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

December 31, 2012

 

1. Company’s Organization and Operations

 

As used in these consolidated financial statements and related notes, the terms “American Residential Properties, Inc.,” “us,” “we” and “our” refer to American Residential Properties, Inc. We are an internally managed real estate company that acquires, owns and manages single-family homes as rental properties. As of December 31, 2012, we own 1,775 properties in Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Nevada and Texas. We conduct substantially all of our operations through (1) American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or our Operating Partnership, in which we have a 99.0% interest as of December 31, 2012 and for which, through our wholly owned subsidiary, American Residential GP, LLC, we serve as sole general partner, and (2) American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, or our TRS.

 

Upon closing our initial private offering in May 2012, we issued 11,198,757 shares of our common stock to various institutional investors and accredited investors at an offering price of $20.00 per share, and we received approximately $208.7 million of net proceeds. Upon closing our follow-on private offering in December 2012, we issued 7,187,500 shares of our common stock to various institutional investors and accredited investors at an offering price of $20.50 per share, and we received approximately $138.3 million of net proceeds. We contributed the net proceeds from these offerings and our incorporation to our Operating Partnership in exchange for an aggregate of 18,387,257 units of limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership, or OP units. In addition, upon closing our initial private offering, we acquired substantially all of the assets of American Residential Management, Inc., or ARM, a company co-owned by our founders, Stephen G. Schmitz, our Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, and Laurie A. Hawkes, our President and Chief Operating Officer, pursuant to a contribution and sale agreement between our Operating Partnership and ARM (Note 7). ARM is the vehicle within which our founders further developed our proprietary real estate acquisition and management platform. Our Operating Partnership issued 175,000 OP units to ARM and we paid $85,000 in cash as consideration for our acquisition of the ARM assets. As a result, upon completion of our initial private offering, we owned our founders’ proprietary real estate acquisition and management platform. We consider May 11, 2012, the closing date of our initial private offering and of our acquisition of the ARM assets, to be the date on which we first commenced investment activities.

 

We intend to make an election to qualify, and believe we are operating so as to qualify, as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes beginning with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. Assuming that we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we will generally not be subject to federal income taxes to the extent that we distribute substantially all of our taxable income to our stockholders and meet other specific requirements.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Basis of Accounting

 

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of American Residential Properties, Inc., our Operating Partnership and the wholly owned subsidiaries of our Operating Partnership. All majority-owned subsidiaries are consolidated and included in our consolidated financial statements. All intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

 

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the accrual basis of accounting, in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates.

 

Investment in Real Estate

 

Property acquired not subject to an existing lease is accounted for as an asset acquisition, with the property recorded at the purchase price, including acquisition costs, allocated between land and building and improvements based upon their relative fair values at the date of acquisition. Property acquired with an existing lease is recorded as a business combination. For properties acquired through portfolio transactions, we determine whether the acquisition qualifies as a business combination based on the nature and status of the properties as of the acquisition date. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially leased at acquisition is treated as a business combination. A portfolio comprised of properties that are substantially vacant at acquisition is treated as an asset acquisition. To date, portfolio acquisitions were comprised of properties that were substantially leased at acquisition and accordingly were accounted for as business combinations. For property acquisitions accounted for as business combinations, the land, building and improvements and the existing lease are recorded at fair value at the date of acquisition, with acquisition costs expensed as incurred.

 

Fair value is determined under the guidance of Accounting Standards Codification, or ASC, Topic ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements , primarily based on unobservable market data inputs, which are categorized as Level 3 inputs. In making estimates of fair values for purposes of allocating purchase price, we utilize our market knowledge and published market data. Our real estate portfolio is depreciated using the straight–line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets, ranging from 5 to 27.5 years.

 

In-place lease intangibles associated with the preferred operator program are valued based on management’s estimates of lost rent and carrying costs while in-place lease intangibles associated with the acquisition of self-managed homes are valued based on management’s estimate of lost rent during the time it would take to locate a tenant and execute a lease if the property were vacant, considering current market conditions and costs to execute similar leases. In estimating lost rent and carrying costs, management considers market rents, real estate taxes, insurance, costs to execute similar leases (including leasing commissions) and other related costs. The value assigned to in-place leases is amortized on a straight-line basis as a component of depreciation and amortization expense over the remaining initial term of the related lease. The leases reflect market rental rates.

 

We incur costs to prepare our acquired properties to be rented. These costs (including direct internal costs) are capitalized and allocated to building costs. Costs related to the restoration or improvement of our properties (including direct internal costs, primarily comprised of payroll expense) that improve and extend their useful lives are capitalized and depreciated over their estimated useful lives. Expenditures for ordinary repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

 

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

 

We evaluate our long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. Significant indicators of impairment may include, but are not limited to, declines in home values, rental rates and occupancy percentages and significant changes in the economy. We make our assessment at the individual property level because it represents the lowest level of cash flows. If an impairment indicator exists, we compare the expected future undiscounted cash flows from the

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

property against its net carrying amount. We prepare our future undiscounted cash flow analysis using estimates based on current rental rates, renewals and occupancy, operating expenses and inputs from our annual planning process and historical performance. When preparing these estimates, we consider each property’s historical results, current operating trends and current market conditions. These estimates may be impacted by variable factors, including inflation, expected rental rates, the general health of the economy and market competition. If the sum of the estimated undiscounted cash flows is less than the net carrying amount of the property, we record an impairment loss for the difference between the estimated fair value of the individual property and the carrying amount of the property at that date. To determine the estimated fair value, we consider both recent comparable homes sales and the use of discounted projected future cash flows. The rates used to discount projected future cash flows reflect market discount rates. No impairments were recorded during the period ended December 31, 2012.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

We lease single-family residences we own and manage directly to tenants who occupy the properties under operating leases, generally, with terms of one year. Generally we perform credit investigations on prospective tenants and obtain security deposits. Rental revenue, net of any concessions, is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease, which is not materially different than if it were recorded when due from tenants and recognized monthly as it is earned. Properties that are subject to longer-term operating arrangements with preferred operators are leased to the operator for a minimum of five to ten years with renewal options. These operators are responsible for taxes, insurance and maintenance of the properties under the terms of the operating arrangements. Under our preferred operator program, we earn base rental revenue paid monthly, with contractual minimum annual rent increases on each anniversary of the lease commencement date. We recognize rental revenue on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. We also earn percentage rents on a quarterly basis equal to a fixed percentage of the gross revenue the preferred operator collects from its residential sub-tenants who occupy the homes. Percentage rental revenue is recorded when the gross revenue collected from the sub-tenants is known and the amount can be calculated.

 

Mortgage Financings

 

We hold mortgage financing receivables for investment. The receivables are carried at cost, net of related unamortized premiums or discounts, if any. The mortgage loans are secured by single-family homes.

 

Interest income on mortgage financings is recognized on the effective interest method applied on a loan-by-loan basis. Direct costs, if any, associated with funding loans are offset against any related fees received and the balance, along with any premium or discount, is deferred and amortized as an adjustment to interest income over the terms of the related loans using the effective interest method.

 

Mortgage loans as of December 31, 2012 include approximately $12.2 million of short-term loans with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 12.1% and a weighted-average remaining term of approximately 155 days and approximately $0.8 million in long-term loans with a weighted-average interest rate of approximately 7.99% and a weighted-average remaining term of approximately 30 years.

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents

 

Cash and cash equivalents are held in depository accounts with financial institutions that are members of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, or FDIC. Cash balances with institutions may be in excess of federally insured limits or may be invested in time deposits that are not insured by the institution, the FDIC or any other

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

government agency. We have not realized any losses in such cash investments and we believe that these investments are not exposed to any significant credit risk. Cash equivalents consist of highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less when acquired. Such investments are stated at cost, which approximates fair value.

 

Included in the cash and cash equivalents balance is approximately $0.4 million of cash held with designated brokers to facilitate the acquisition of properties.

 

Rents and Other Receivables, Net

 

We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses that may result from the inability of tenants or borrowers to make required rent or other payments. This allowance is estimated based on payment history and current credit status. If a tenant or borrower fails to make contractual payments beyond any allowance, we may recognize bad debt expense in future periods equal to the amount of unpaid rent, interest or principal and deferred rent. We generally do not require collateral or other security from our tenants, other than security deposits. Mortgage loans are secured by single-family homes. If estimates of collectability differ from the cash received, then the timing and amount of our reported revenue could be impacted.

 

Our rents and other receivables are presented net of an allowance for doubtful accounts in our consolidated balance sheet of approximately $41,000 as of December 31, 2012. We recorded a provision for doubtful accounts of approximately $49,000 for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Deferred Leasing Costs and In-Place Lease Intangibles, Net

 

Deferred leasing commissions and other direct costs associated with leasing our properties (including direct internal costs) and in-place lease intangibles are capitalized and amortized on a straight-line basis over the terms of the related leases.

 

Investments in Unconsolidated Ventures

 

Investments in ventures are generally accounted for under the equity method of accounting when we exercise significant influence over the venture but we do not serve as managing member or control the venture. Net income/loss allocations are included in the investment balance along with the contributions made and distributions received over the life of the investment.

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents the estimated fair value of the real estate acquisition and management platform acquired from ARM (Note 7). Goodwill has an indefinite life and, accordingly, we do not amortize this asset but instead analyze it on an annual basis for impairment. ASC 350, Intangibles – Goodwill and Other, permits us to assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying amount as a basis to determine whether the two-step impairment test is necessary. We also have the option to bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to performing the first step of the two-step goodwill impairment test. The first step in the impairment test compares the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying amount. If the carrying amount exceeds fair value, the second step is required to determine the amount of the impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of the reporting unit goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Impairment charges, if any, are recognized in operating results. No impairments have been recorded for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

Other Assets, Net

 

Other assets include prepaid expenses, deposits and other miscellaneous assets, including office property and equipment. Office property and equipment is recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the respective assets of three to seven years.

 

Acquisition Deposits

 

We have made earnest money deposits relating to offers to purchase rental properties. If the offers to purchase rental properties are not accepted, the deposits will be returned to us.

 

Income Taxes

 

We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 to 860 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code, commencing with our short taxable year ended December 31, 2012. We believe that we have operated in such a manner as to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT. Accordingly, we will not be subject to federal income tax, provided that we qualify as a REIT and our distributions to our stockholders equal or exceed our REIT taxable income.

 

However, qualification and taxation as a REIT depend upon our ability to meet the various qualification tests imposed under the Code related to the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that fall within specified categories, the diversity of our capital stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that we will be organized or be able to operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal and state income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate tax rates, and we may be ineligible to qualify as a REIT for four subsequent tax years. Even if we qualify as a REIT, we may be subject to certain state or local income taxes, and our TRS will be subject to federal, state and local taxes on its income.

 

We have elected to treat our TRS as a taxable REIT subsidiary. Certain activities that we undertake must be conducted in our TRS, such as third-party property management and non-customary services for our tenants and holding assets that we cannot hold directly. Our TRS is subject to both federal and state income taxes. We recorded an approximately $16,000 tax provision as part of general, administrative and other expense in our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

The tax benefit of uncertain tax positions is recognized only if it is “more likely than not” that the tax position will be sustained, based solely on its technical merits, with the taxing authority having full knowledge of relevant information. The measurement of a tax benefit for an uncertain tax position that meets the “more likely than not” threshold is based on a cumulative probability model under which the largest amount of tax benefit recognized is the amount with a greater than 50% likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the taxing authority, having full knowledge of all the relevant information. As of December 31, 2012, we had no unrecognized tax benefits. We do not anticipate a significant change in the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits during 2013.

 

Stock-Based Payments

 

We have awarded stock-based compensation to certain employees and members of our Board of Directors in the form of long-term incentive plan, or LTIP, units (Note 5). We estimate the fair value of the awards and

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

recognize this value over the requisite vesting period. For LTIP units, the fair value is based on the estimated market value of our common stock on the date of grant and a discount for lack of marketability estimated by a third-party consultant. We recorded stock-based compensation cost of approximately $1.9 million as part of general, administrative and other expense in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Unrecognized compensation cost of approximately $6.6 million, relating to unvested stock-based payments, is expected to be recognized in the consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.4 years.

 

Comprehensive Loss

 

Net loss and comprehensive loss are the same for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

Segment Reporting

 

ASC Topic 280, Segment Reporting , established standards for the manner in which public enterprises report information about operating segments. We view our operations as one reportable segment.

 

3. Lease Intangibles

 

Our identifiable intangible assets as of December 31, 2012 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

 

Acquired in-place leases

  

Gross amount

   $ 1,897   

Accumulated amortization

     (453
  

 

 

 
   $ 1,444   
  

 

 

 

 

The impact of the amortization of acquired in-place leases on our depreciation and amortization expense is as follows (in thousands):

 

Period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012

   $ 453   

 

Our estimate of the future amortization of these intangible assets is as follows (in thousands):

 

2013

   $ 1,430   

2014

     14   
  

 

 

 
   $ 1,444   
  

 

 

 

 

4. Earnings (Loss) per Share

 

Basic net income or loss attributable to common stockholders is computed by dividing reported net income or loss attributable to common stockholders by the weighted-average number of common and contingently issuable shares outstanding during each period.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

A reconciliation of our net loss per share is as follows (in thousands, except share amount):

 

     Period from
March 30, 2012
(inception)
through
December 31,
2012
 

Net loss attributable to common stockholders

   $ (6,139
  

 

 

 

Weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding:

  

Basic and diluted

     11,536,193   
  

 

 

 

Net loss per share attributable to common stockholders

   $ (0.53
  

 

 

 

 

A total of 493,433 unvested LTIP units were excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share because they were anti-dilutive due to our net loss. The effect of the conversion of the OP units and vested LTIP units is not dilutive and is therefore not included in the calculations as we reported a loss. If the OP units and vested LTIP units were converted to common stock, the additional number of shares outstanding for the period ended December 31, 2012 would be 185,490.

 

5. Stock Compensation

 

Equity Compensation Plan Approved by Security Holders

 

The number of shares of our common stock available for grant under the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, or our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, is subject to an aggregate limit which is equal to the lesser of (1) 1,500,000 shares and (2) the number of shares determined by multiplying a percentage (as defined in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan) by the number of shares of our common stock sold by us in any public or private offering. As of December 31, 2012, the aggregate limit under this formula was 861,823 shares. Our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan expires on May 11, 2022, except as to any grants which are then outstanding. As of December 31, 2012, there were 357,901 shares of our common stock available for grant under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan. Under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors has the ability to grant nonqualified stock options, incentive stock options, restricted shares of our common stock, restricted stock units, dividend equivalents, stock appreciation rights and other awards to our officers, employees, directors and other persons providing services to our Operating Partnership and its subsidiaries.

 

In connection with our common equity offering on May 11, 2012, a total of 474,922 LTIP units were issued to members of senior management and our Board of Directors. The LTIP units are a special class of partnership interests in our Operating Partnership with certain restrictions, which are convertible into Operating Partnership units, or OP units, subject to satisfying vesting and other conditions. LTIP unit holders are entitled to receive the same distributions as holders of our OP units (only if we pay such distributions) on the unvested portion of their LTIP units. A total of 10,490 LTIP units were fully vested on the date of grant. A total of 7,500 LTIP units will vest on May 11, 2013. A total of 194,472 LTIP units have a vesting schedule in which one-third of the grant vests in equal annual installments on each of May 11, 2013, 2014 and 2015. A total of 262,460 LTIP units vest upon the first to occur of (1) the date on which a “change in control” (as defined in our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan) occurs, (2) the date on which any shares of our common stock become registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, under Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and listed on a national securities exchange or (3) May 11, 2015. On November 7, 2012, a total of 29,000 LTIP units were issued to members of senior management, with a vesting schedule in which one-third of each grant vests in equal annual installments on each of November 7, 2013, 2014 and 2015. Any unvested LTIP unit is forfeited, except in

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

limited circumstances, as determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors, when the recipient is no longer employed by us or when a director leaves our Board of Directors for any reason. LTIP units may be subject to full or partial accelerated vesting under certain circumstances, as described in the applicable award agreement. LTIP units are valued at fair value on the date of grant, with compensation expense recorded in accordance with the applicable vesting schedule over the periods in which the restrictions lapse, that approximates a straight line basis. We valued the LTIP units at a per-unit value equivalent to the per-share offering price of our common stock sold in our initial private offering less a discount for lack of marketability estimated by a third-party consultant.

 

6. Fair Value Measurements

 

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date (an exit price). The three levels of fair value defined in ASC Topic 820, Fair Value Measurements , are as follows:

 

   

Level 1—Valuations based on quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access.

 

   

Level 2—Valuations based on quoted market prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted market prices in markets that are not active, or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities.

 

   

Level 3—Valuations based on inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities, which are typically based on the reporting entity’s own assumptions.

 

Companies are required to disclose the estimated fair values of all financial instruments, even if they are not carried at their fair value. The fair values of financial instruments are estimates based upon market conditions and perceived risks at December 31, 2012. These estimates require management’s judgment and may not be indicative of the future fair values of the assets and liabilities.

 

Our financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, acquisition deposits, rents and other receivables, due from related party, and accounts payable and accrued expenses. The carrying amount of these instruments approximates fair value because of their short-term nature.

 

Our mortgage financings are also financial instruments, and we estimated their fair value based on market quotes for comparable instruments or discounted cash flow analysis using estimates of the amount and timing of future cash flows, market rates and credit spreads. The estimated fair value using Level 3 assumptions approximates the carrying amount of our mortgage financing receivables.

 

7. Transactions With Related Parties

 

In connection with the closing of our initial private offering on May 11, 2012, we acquired from ARM the proprietary, vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform that Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes developed in exchange for 175,000 OP units, valued at $3.5 million, representing a 1.5% limited partnership interest in our Operating Partnership, and approximately $85,000 in cash. The OP units were valued at $20 per unit, equivalent to the offering price of each share of our common stock sold in our initial private offering.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

We earn management services fees from ARM pursuant to a cancellable sub-management agreement for the provision of real estate management services to ARM. These services allowed ARM to fulfill its obligations to ARP Phoenix Fund I, LP, or Phoenix Fund, pursuant to a management agreement between ARM and Phoenix Fund. The general partner of Phoenix Fund is ARP Phoenix Fund I GP, LLC, which is owned by Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes. These services included property restoration, leasing and property management and disposition services with respect to the properties owned by Phoenix Fund. Under the sub-management agreement, ARM is required to reimburse our TRS for the actual expenses incurred by our TRS to perform its obligations under the sub-management agreement, plus a fee of 1.0% of the gross rental revenue earned from Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by ARM. We earned approximately $238,000 in property management fees during the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012, which are included in management services (related party) in our consolidated statement of operations and comprehensive loss. Accounts receivable of approximately $26,000 due from ARM are included in due from related party in our consolidated balance sheet and were current as of December 31, 2012.

 

Phoenix Fund purchased 150,000 shares of our common stock in our initial private offering and agreed not to commit to purchase any additional single-family homes.

 

8. Non-Controlling Interests

 

Non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership relate to the interest in our Operating Partnership that is not owned by us and are presented as non-controlling interests in the equity section of our consolidated balance sheet.

 

Non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership have essentially the same economic characteristics as shares of our common stock as they share equally in the net income or loss and distributions of our Operating Partnership. Our limited partners have the right to redeem all or part of their non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership following the one-year anniversary of issuance. At the time of redemption, we have the right to determine whether to redeem the non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership for cash, based upon the fair value of an equivalent number of shares of our common stock at the time of redemption, or exchange them for unregistered shares of our common stock on a one-for-one basis, subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits, stock dividends, issuance of stock rights, specified extraordinary distribution and similar events. In the event of a termination or liquidation of us and our Operating Partnership, it is expected that in most cases each common unit would be entitled to a liquidating distribution equal to the amount payable with respect to each share of our common stock. As of December 31, 2012, there were 185,490 outstanding non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership, representing an approximate 1.0% ownership interest in our Operating Partnership. These units are comprised of 175,000 units issued in connection with our acquisition of the assets and management platform from ARM and 10,490 vested LTIP units.

 

Net income or loss attributable to non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership is allocated based on their relative ownership percentage of the Operating Partnership during the period. The non-controlling ownership interest percentage is determined by dividing the number of non-controlling common units outstanding by the total of the shares of our common stock and non-controlling units outstanding at the balance sheet date. The issuance or redemption of additional shares of our common stock or common units results in changes to our limited partners’ ownership interest in our Operating Partnership, as well as our net assets. As a result, all equity-related transactions result in an allocation between stockholders’ equity and the non-controlling common units of our Operating Partnership in the consolidated balance sheet and statement of equity to account for any change in ownership percentage during the period. Our limited partners’ weighted-average share of our net loss was 1.6% for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

9. Commitments and Contingencies

 

Operating Lease

 

We entered into operating lease agreements to provide office space for our corporate offices.

 

Our future minimum obligations under the operating leases as of December 31, 2012 are as follows (in thousands):

 

2013

   $ 200   

2014

     287   

2015

     292   

2016

     298   

2017

     303   

Thereafter

     25   
  

 

 

 
   $ 1,405   
  

 

 

 

 

Rent expense for the period ended December 31, 2012 was $81,000.

 

Litigation

 

From time to time, we are subject to potential liability under various claims and legal actions arising in the ordinary course of business. Liabilities are established for legal claims when payments associated with the claims become probable and the costs can be reasonably estimated. The actual costs of resolving legal claims may be substantially higher or lower than the amounts established for those claims. Based on information currently available, management is not aware of any legal claims that would have a material effect on our consolidated financial statements and therefore no accrual is required as of December 31, 2012.

 

Accepted Purchase Offers

 

As of December 31, 2012, we have committed to purchase rental properties totaling approximately $7.5 million. These are offers to purchase rental properties that were accepted by the seller but not closed as of December 31, 2012. Acquisition deposits were paid through December 31, 2012 related to these rental property purchase commitments.

 

Homeowners’ Association Fees

 

Certain of our properties are located in communities that are subject to homeowners’ association fees. The fees are generally billed monthly and subject to annual adjustments. The fees cover the costs of maintaining common areas and are generally paid for by us.

 

Concentrations

 

Approximately 72% of our properties are located in Arizona and California, which exposes us to greater economic risks than if we owned a more geographically dispersed portfolio.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

Executive Bonus

 

We entered into employment agreements with our Chief Executive Officer and our President under which we are committed to pay bonuses relating to the registration and listing or the public issuance of our common stock. Each of the two executives is entitled to be paid a special cash bonus of $250,000 if, by April 30, 2013, we file with the SEC a shelf registration statement relating to the registration of the shares sold in our initial private offering for resale in accordance with the terms set forth in the related registration rights agreements, and each of the two executives is entitled to be paid an additional special cash bonus of $250,000 if, prior to October 29, 2013 (or 60 days later if deferred as a result of our completion of our initial public offering prior to October 29, 2013), the shares sold in our initial private offering have become registered with the SEC and listed on a national securities exchange.

 

10. Rental Revenue

 

Our properties are leased to tenants under operating leases with initial expiration dates ranging from 2012 to 2022. Our leases on self-managed properties are leased to residential tenants with a term of one year, where the tenant is responsible for the payment of the property utilities and we are responsible for the payment of the property taxes, insurance, homeowners’ association fees and property operating and maintenance costs (including ordinary repair and maintenance). Our longer-term operating leases with preferred operators have lease terms with a minimum of five to ten years with renewal options. The operators/lessees under these longer-term leases are responsible for all property-level operating expenses, including taxes, insurance and maintenance, and other similar expenses of the property. The future minimum rental revenue to be received from tenants or lessees as of December 31, 2012 is as follows (in thousands):

 

2013

   $ 8,962   

2014

     3,946   

2015

     3,850   

2016

     3,921   

2017

     4,039   

Thereafter

     9,820   
  

 

 

 
   $ 34,538   
  

 

 

 

 

11. Subsequent Events

 

From January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2013, we acquired 756 single-family homes. For the period from April 1, 2013 to April 12, 2013, we acquired or have under contract 785 single-family homes. Additionally, for the period from January 1, 2013 to March 31, 2013, we funded approximately $13.6 million in private mortgage loans. There is no assurance that we will close on the properties or loans we have under contract.

 

On January 18, 2013, we finalized a $150 million senior secured revolving credit facility from a syndicate of major national banks with an accordion feature that allows us, assuming our compliance with applicable covenants and at the lenders’ discretion, to borrow up to $300 million thereunder if certain criteria are met. The credit facility matures in January 2015, has an optional one-year extension (assuming our compliance with applicable covenants) and bears interest at a rate of LIBOR plus a spread ranging from 2.50% to 3.25% based on a ratio of total indebtedness to total asset value (each as defined in the credit agreement that governs the credit facility) ranging from less than or equal to 45% to greater than 55%. In addition to customary affirmative and negative covenants, the credit agreement requires us to comply with various financial covenants, including a maximum leverage ratio, a minimum fixed charge coverage ratio, a minimum tangible net worth and a minimum liquidity amount.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

NOTES TO THE CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

On January 25, 2013, we issued 37,600 shares of our common stock at a price of $20.50 per share in a private placement pursuant to Rule 506 of Regulation D under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, receiving gross proceeds of approximately $0.8 million.

 

On February 11, 2013, ARM, Phoenix Fund and our TRS terminated the property management and sub-management agreements for the provision of real estate management services to Phoenix Fund, and our TRS entered into a management agreement directly with Phoenix Fund, pursuant to which our TRS performs the same services to Phoenix Fund for a fee in an amount equal to 6.0% of the gross rental revenue received by Phoenix Fund with respect to the properties managed by our TRS.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

SCHEDULE III—REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012

(dollar amounts in thousands)

 

                   Initial Cost to
Company (1)
     Cost Capitalized
Subsequent to
Acquisition

(Improvements)
     Gross Amounts at
December 31, 2012
        

County

   State      Number of
Single-Family
Homes
     Land      Depreciable
Property
     Land      Depreciable
Property
     Land      Depreciable
Property
     Total      Accumulated
Depreciation (2)
     Date of
Acquisition
 

Clark

     NV         47       $ 928       $ 3,718         —         $ 356       $ 928       $ 4,074       $ 5,002       $ 56         2012   

Clayton

     GA         24         292         1,197         —           —           292         1,197         1,489         4         2012   

Cobb

     GA         2         25         101         —           —           25         101         126         —           2012   

Collin

     TX         6         204         823         —           2         204         825         1,029         3         2012   

Cook

     IL         200         5,252         21,308         —           —           5,252         21,308         26,560         69         2012   

Dallas

     TX         11         283         1,147         —           2         283         1,149         1,432         4         2012   

DeKalb

     GA         8         94         389         —           —           94         389         483         2         2012   

Denton

     TX         2         47         193         —           —           47         193         240         1         2012   

Douglas

     GA         3         43         175         —           —           43         175         218         1         2012   

Fulton

     GA         27         386         1,565         —           1         386         1,566         1,952         6         2012   

Gwinnett

     GA         2         35         140         —           —           35         140         175         1         2012   

Henry

     GA         2         27         110         —           —           27         110         137         —           2012   

Kern

     CA         5         154         438         —           1         154         439         593         3         2012   

Lee

     FL         138         581         5,450         —           —           581         5,450         6,031         58         2012   

Los Angeles

     CA         24         864         2,460         —           14         864         2,474         3,338         18         2012   

Maricopa

     AZ         897         22,616         91,514         —           740         22,616         92,254         114,870         518         2012   

Newton

     GA         2         26         106         —           —           26         106         132         —           2012   

Parker

     TX         1         20         82         —           —           20         82         102         —           2012   

Paulding

     GA         2         26         105         —           —           26         105         131         —           2012   

Pinal

     AZ         82         2,107         8,547         —           35         2,107         8,582         10,689         87         2012   

Riverside

     CA         145         6,130         17,605         —           1,625         6,130         19,230         25,360         283         2012   

Rockdale

     GA         1         12         49         —           —           12         49         61         —           2012   

Rockwall

     TX         9         307         1,228         —           2         307         1,230         1,537         13         2012   

San Bernardino

     CA         66         2,306         6,531         —           572         2,306         7,103         9,409         103         2012   

Stanislaus

     CA         52         1,242         3,535         —           103         1,242         3,638         4,880         42         2012   

Tarrant

     TX         13         289         1,176         —           —           289         1,176         1,465         4         2012   

Will

     IL         4         105         427         —           —           105         427         532         1         2012   
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    
        1,775       $ 44,401       $ 170,119         —         $ 3,453       $ 44,401       $ 173,572       $ 217,973       $ 1,277      
     

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

  (1)   All properties acquired to date for cash and no debt has been incurred. Excludes $1,897 of acquired in-place leases.
  (2)   Except for amounts attributed to land, real estate related assets are depreciated over their estimated useful lives of 5 to 27.5 years using the straight-line method.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

SCHEDULE III—REAL ESTATE AND ACCUMULATED DEPRECIATION—(CONTINUED)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012

(dollar amounts in thousands)

 

A summary of activity for real estate and accumulated depreciation for the period from March 30, 2012 (inception) through December 31, 2012 is as follows:

 

Investments in Real Estate (includes balance sheet line items under investment in real estate):

 

Balance as of March 30, 2012

   $ —     

Acquisitions (1)

     214,520   

Improvements

     3,453   
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

   $ 217,973   
  

 

 

 

 

Accumulated Depreciation (includes balance sheet line items under investment in real estate):

 

Balance as of March 30, 2012

   $ —     

Depreciation Expense

     (1,277
  

 

 

 

Balance as of December 31, 2012

   $ (1,277
  

 

 

 

 

  (1)   Excludes $1,897 of acquired in-place leases.

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

SCHEDULE IV

MORTGAGE LOANS ON REAL ESTATE

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2012

(dollar amounts in thousands)

 

     Stated
Interest
Rate
    Final
Maturity
Date (1)
   Periodic
payment
terms
   Face Amount      Carrying
Amount of
Mortgages
 

Mortgage

             

Mortgage Financings Secured by Single-Family Homes

     12.0-16.0   Feb-2013 to
Nov-2014
   Interest    $ 12,200       $ 12,200   

Long-term Mortgage Financings Secured by Single-Family Homes

     8.0   Dec-2042 to
Jan-2043
   30-year
Amortization
   $ 825       $ 825   

 

  (1)   Reflects scheduled maturity of the investment and does not consider any options to extend beyond the scheduled maturity.

 

     2012  

Reconciliation of Mortgage Loans on Real Estate Balance March 30,

   $ —     

Additions during period

  

New mortgage loans

     14,410   

Deductions during period

  

Collections of principal

     (1,385
  

 

 

 

Mortgage loans receivable December 31,

   $ 13,025   
  

 

 

 

 

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Independent Auditors’ Report

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of

American Residential Properties, Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying statement of revenues and certain expenses of Empire Arizona Properties, as more fully described in Note 1, for the year ended December 31, 2012.

 

Management’s Responsibility for the Financial Statements

 

Management of American Residential Properties, Inc. is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the statement of revenues and certain expenses in accordance with the basis of accounting described in Note 1; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of the statement of revenues and certain expenses that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 

Auditor’s Responsibility

 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the statement of revenues and certain expenses based on our audit. We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the statement of revenues and certain expenses is free from material misstatement.

 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the statement of revenues and certain expenses. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the statement of revenues and certain expenses, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditor considers internal control relevant to the entity’s preparation and fair presentation of the statement of revenues and certain expenses in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the statement of revenues and certain expenses.

 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

 

Opinion

 

In our opinion, the financial statement referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the revenues and certain expenses of Empire Arizona Properties for the year ended December 31, 2012, on a basis of accounting described in Note 1.

 

Basis of Accounting

 

The accompanying statement of revenues and certain expenses of Empire Arizona Properties was prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for the inclusion in a Form S-11 of American Residential Properties, Inc. As described in Note 1, material amounts that would not be comparable to those resulting from the proposed future operations of Empire Arizona Properties are excluded from the statement of revenues and certain expenses, and the statement of revenues and certain expenses is not intended to be a complete presentation of Empire Arizona Properties’ revenues and expenses.

 

                                     /s/ Semple, Marchal & Cooper, LLP

 

Phoenix, Arizona

April 18, 2013

 

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EMPIRE ARIZONA PROPERTIES

 

STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN EXPENSES

(amounts in thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2012

 

Revenues:

  

Rental revenue

   $ 3,051   

Certain Expenses:

  

Property operating and maintenance

     959   

Real estate taxes

     330   

Homeowners’ association fees

     217   
  

 

 

 

Total certain expenses

     1,506   
  

 

 

 

Revenues in excess of certain expenses

   $ 1,545   
  

 

 

 

 

See Independent Auditors’ report and accompanying notes.

 

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EMPIRE ARIZONA PROPERTIES

NOTES TO STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN EXPENSES

December 31, 2012

 

1. General Information

 

On December 31, 2012, American Residential Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) acquired 276 single-family rental properties (collectively the “Empire Arizona Properties”) for approximately $41.1 million, exclusive of transfer taxes, due diligence expenses and other closing costs. The properties are located in and around the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area and were previously substantially acquired during the second half of 2011 by a private limited liability company (the “Seller”). Prior to their acquisition by the Seller, the Empire Arizona Properties were generally owned by their primary residents and were not rental properties. The accompanying statement of revenues and certain expenses include the operations of Empire Arizona Properties.

 

The accompanying statement of revenues and certain expenses has been prepared for the purpose of complying with the provisions of Article 3-14 of Regulation S-X (“Rule 3-14”) of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) for inclusion on the Registration Statement on Form S-11 of American Residential Properties, Inc. Accordingly, the statement of revenues and certain expenses includes historical revenues and certain expenses of Empire Arizona Properties, exclusive of items that may not be comparable to the proposed future operations of Empire Arizona Properties. Such excluded items include depreciation, amortization and other overhead costs, which are not expected to be comparable to the future operations of the Empire Arizona Properties.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America, and in accordance with the provisions of Rule 3-14, requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts of revenue and certain expenses during the period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates in the near term.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Rental income attributable to leases is recorded when earned from the tenants. Leases entered into by tenants are primarily for one year. Rent received in advance is deferred and recognized in income when earned.

 

Repair and Maintenance

 

The initial costs to make a home ready for rental are capitalized, which typically include improvements to the property. Once a home is made rent-ready, ongoing expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

 

3. Commitments and Contingencies

 

Litigation

 

Empire Arizona Properties may be subject to legal claims in the ordinary course of business as a property owner. Management currently believes that the ultimate settlement of any potential claims will not have a material impact on the results of operations of Empire Arizona Properties.

 

Environmental Matters

 

In connection with the ownership and operation of real estate, Empire Arizona Properties may be liable for costs and damages related to environmental matters. Management has not been notified by any governmental authority of any non-compliance, liability or other claim, and is not aware of any other environmental condition that it believes will have a material adverse effect on the results of operations for Empire Arizona Properties.

 

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EMPIRE ARIZONA PROPERTIES

NOTES TO STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN EXPENSES—(CONTINUED)

December 31, 2012

 

4. Subsequent Events

 

Events subsequent to December 31, 2012 were evaluated through the date this financial statement was issued and no additional events were identified requiring further disclosure in this financial statement.

 

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INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

 

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of

American Residential Properties, Inc.

 

We have audited the accompanying statement of revenues and certain operating expenses of the Wymont Arizona Properties for the year ended December 31, 2012.

 

MANAGEMENT’S RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN OPERATING EXPENSES

 

Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses in accordance with basis of accounting described in Note 1; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation the of statement of revenues and certain operating expenses that is free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.

 

AUDITORS’ RESPONSIBILITY

 

Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses based on our audit. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses are free from material misstatement.

 

An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses. The procedures selected depend on the auditor’s judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, the auditors consider internal control relevant to the Wymont Arizona Properties’ preparation and fair presentation of the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Wymont Arizona Properties’ internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses.

 

We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.

 

OPINION

 

In our opinion, the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses of the Wymont Arizona Properties’ present fairly, in all material respects, the results of their operations for the year ended December 31, 2012 in accordance with the basis of accounting described in Note 1.

 

BASIS OF ACCOUNTING

 

We draw attention to Note 1 of the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses, which describes the basis of accounting. The statement of revenues and certain operating expenses was prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for the inclusion in a Registration Statement on Form S-11 of American Residential Properties, Inc. The presentation is not intended to be a complete presentation of the Wymont Arizona Properties’ revenues and expenses.

 

                                     /s/ EKS&H LLLP

 

April 15, 2013

Denver, Colorado

 

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WYMONT ARIZONA PROPERTIES

 

STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN OPERATING EXPENSES

(amounts in thousands)

For the Year Ended December 31, 2012

 

Revenues:

  

Rental revenue

   $ 1,025   

Operating Expenses:

  

Property, operating, and maintenance

     275   

Real estate taxes

     101   

Homeowners’ association fees

     61   

Other

     5   
  

 

 

 

Total expenses

     442   
  

 

 

 

Revenues in excess of certain operating expenses

   $ 583   
  

 

 

 

 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of this financial statement.

 

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Table of Contents

WYMONT ARIZONA PROPERTIES

NOTES TO STATEMENT OF REVENUES AND CERTAIN OPERATING EXPENSES

FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2012

 

1. Background and Basis of Presentation

 

On December 28, 2012, American Residential Properties, Inc. (the “Company”) acquired 85 single-family residential rental properties (collectively, the “Wymont Arizona Properties”) for approximately $13.2 million, exclusive of transfer taxes, due diligence expenses and other closing costs. The properties are located in and around the Phoenix, Arizona metropolitan area and were previously acquired between May 2011 and March 2012 by a private limited liability company (the “Seller”). Prior to acquisition by the Seller, the Wymont Arizona Properties were generally owned by their primary residents and were not rental properties.

 

The accompanying statement of revenues and certain operating expenses has been prepared for the purpose of complying with Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission for inclusion on Form S-11 of American Residential Properties, Inc., and exclude certain material items. Such material items include mortgage interest, depreciation and amortization, and other administrative costs not directly related to the future operations of the Wymont Arizona Properties. Accordingly, this financial statement is not intended to be a complete presentation of the Wymont Arizona Properties revenues and expenses, due to the exclusion of certain expenses which may not be comparable to the proposed future operations of the Wymont Arizona Properties.

 

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of revenue and certain operating expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ materially from those estimates. The future results of operations could be significantly impacted by the rental markets in which the Wymont Arizona Properties are located, as well as by general overall economic conditions. Management is not aware of any material factors, other than those discussed above, that would cause the information included herein to not be necessarily indicative of results to be expected for the year.

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Rental income attributable to leases is recorded when earned from the tenants. Leases entered into by tenants are primarily for one year. Rent received in advance is deferred and recognized in income when earned.

 

Repair and Maintenance

 

The initial costs to make a home ready for rental are capitalized. Once a home is made rent-ready, ongoing expenditures for repairs and maintenance are expensed as incurred.

 

3. Subsequent Events

 

The Company has evaluated all subsequent events through the report date, which is the date the financial statement was available to be issued, and has determined no additional events requiring disclosure in this financial statement.

 

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Table of Contents

PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 31. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The following table sets forth the costs and expenses of the sale and distribution of the securities being registered (excluding the underwriting discounts and commissions and the structuring fee), all of which are being borne by us. All expenses, except the SEC registration fee and FINRA filing fee, are estimated.

 

SEC registration fee

   $ 40,920   

FINRA filing fee

     45,500   

NYSE listing fee

                 

Legal fees and expenses

                 

Accounting fees and expenses

                 

Printing, engraving and postage expenses

                 

Transfer agent and registrar fees and expenses

                 

Miscellaneous

                 
  

 

 

 

Total

   $             
  

 

 

 

 

* To be furnished by amendment.

Item 32. Sales to Special Parties

None.

Item 33. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities

On March 30, 2012, we issued an aggregate of 1,000 shares of our common stock to our founders in connection with our formation in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

On May 11, 2012, we issued 11,198,757 shares of our common stock to institutional and accredited investors for a purchase price of $20.00 per share in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

On May 11, 2012, our operating partnership issued an aggregate of 467,422 LTIP units to our executive officers and certain employees under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

On May 11, 2012, our operating partnership issued an aggregate of 175,000 OP units to an affiliate of our two founders as consideration for a contribution and sale of assets by such affiliate to our operating partnership in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

On May 11, 2012, we issued 2,500 LTIP units each to three of our independent directors under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

On November 7, 2012, we issued an aggregate of 29,000 LTIP units to certain of our senior executives under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

On December 21, 2012, we issued 7,187,500 shares of our common stock to institutional and accredited investors for a purchase price of $20.50 per share in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

 

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On January 25, 2013, we issued 37,600 shares of our common stock to 19 accredited investors and 2 non-accredited investors (both of whom we reasonably believe have such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that each was capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the investment) for a purchase price of $20.50 per share in a private placement in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and Rule 506 of Regulation D thereunder.

On March 1, 2013, we issued an aggregate of 15,875 restricted shares of our common stock to certain of our employees under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

On April 4, 2013, we issued 2,500 LTIP units to one of our independent directors under our 2012 Equity Incentive Plan in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.

Item 34. Indemnification of Directors and Officers

The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from (1) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (2) active and deliberate dishonesty that is established by a final judgment and is material to the cause of action. Our charter contains a provision that eliminates such liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

Our charter and bylaws provide for indemnification of our officers and directors against liabilities to the maximum extent permitted by the MGCL, as amended from time to time.

The MGCL requires a corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:

 

   

the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;

 

   

the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or

 

   

in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.

However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon its receipt of:

 

   

a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and

 

   

a written undertaking by the director or officer or on the director’s or officer’s behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director or officer did not meet the standard of conduct.

 

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Our charter authorizes us, and our bylaws obligate us, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of such a proceeding to:

 

   

any present or former director or officer of our company who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or

 

   

any individual who, while a director or officer of our company and at our request, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, trustee, member or manager of another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity.

Our charter and bylaws also permit us to indemnify and advance expenses to any individual who served our predecessor in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of our company or our predecessor.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our directors and executive officers that provide for indemnification and advance of expenses to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

Insofar as the foregoing provisions permit indemnification of directors, officers or persons controlling us for liability arising under the Securities Act, we have been informed that in the opinion of the SEC, this indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

Item 35. Treatment of Proceeds from Stock Being Registered

None.

Item 36. Financial Statements and Exhibits

(a) Financial Statements . See page F-1 for an index to the financial statements and schedules included in the registration statement.

(b) Exhibits . The list of exhibits following the signature page of this registration statement is incorporated herein by reference.

Item 37. Undertakings

(a) The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes:

(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:

(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended;

(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than a 20 percent change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and

 

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(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement.

(2) That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

(3) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.

(4) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.

(b) The undersigned registrant hereby further undertakes to provide to the underwriter at the closing specified in the underwriting agreements, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the underwriter to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.

(c) Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission that such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.

(d) The undersigned registrant hereby further undertakes that:

(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, the information omitted from the form of prospectus filed as part of this registration statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this registration statement, as of the time it was declared effective.

(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act of 1933, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of prospectus shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.

 

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SIGNATURE PAGE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this Amendment No. 1 to the registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Scottsdale, State of Arizona, on the 22 nd day of April, 2013.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

By:

 

/ S /    S TEPHEN G. S CHMITZ

  Stephen G. Schmitz
 

Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

 

Signature

  

Title

 

Date

/ S /    S TEPHEN G. S CHMITZ        

Stephen G. Schmitz

   Chief Executive Officer and
Chairman of the Board
(principal executive officer)
  April 22, 2013

/ S /    S HANT K OUMRIQIAN        

Shant Koumriqian

   Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer (principal financial officer and principal accounting officer)   April 22, 2013

/ S /    L AURIE A. H AWKES        

Laurie A. Hawkes

   President, Chief Operating Officer and Director   April 22, 2013

*

Douglas N. Benham

   Director   April 22, 2013

*

David M. Brain

   Director   April 22, 2013

*

Keith R. Guericke

   Director   April 22, 2013

 

Todd W. Mansfield

   Director  

*By:

 

/ S /    S TEPHEN G. S CHMITZ        

 

Attorney-in-Fact

 

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EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit
Number

    

Exhibit

  1.1*      

Form of Underwriting Agreement

  3.1      

Articles of Amendment and Restatement of American Residential Properties, Inc.

  3.2      

Bylaws of American Residential Properties, Inc.

  3.3      

Agreement of Limited Partnership of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., dated May 11, 2012

  5.1*      

Opinion of Venable LLP as to the legality of the securities being registered

  8.1*      

Opinion of Hunton & Williams LLP as to certain U.S. federal income tax matters

  10.1†      

American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan

  10.2†*      

Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Stephen G. Schmitz, dated April 19, 2013

  10.3†*      

Amended and Restated Employment Agreement with Laurie A. Hawkes, dated April 19, 2013

  10.4†      

Employment Agreement with Shant Koumriqian, dated April 19, 2013

  10.5†      

Employment Agreement with Andrew G. Kent, dated April 19, 2013

  10.6†      

Employment Agreement with Lani B Porter, dated April 19, 2013

  10.7      

Form of Indemnification Agreement between American Residential Properties, Inc. and each of its officers and directors

  10.8†      

LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement for Stephen G. Schmitz (event-based vesting), dated May 11, 2012

  10.9†      

LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement for Laurie A. Hawkes (event-based vesting), dated May 11, 2012

  10.10†      

LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement for Stephen G. Schmitz (half immediate, half event-based vesting), dated May 11, 2012

  10.11†      

LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement for Laurie A. Hawkes (half immediate, half event-based vesting), dated May 11, 2012

  10.12†      

LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement for Shant Koumriqian (time-based vesting), dated November 7, 2012

  10.13†      

LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement for Andrew G. Kent (time-based vesting), dated May 14, 2012

  10.14†      

LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement for Andrew G. Kent (time-based vesting), dated November 7, 2012

  10.15†      

LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement for Lani B Porter (time-based vesting), dated November 7, 2012

  10.16†      

Form of LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement (for independent directors)

  10.17†      

Form of LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement (for employees)

  10.18†      

Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (for employees)

  10.19†      

Form of Restricted Stock Award Agreement (for executives)

  10.20      

Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2012, between American Residential Properties, Inc. and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

  10.21      

Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of December 21, 2012, between American Residential Properties, Inc. and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

  10.22      

Contribution and Sale Agreement, dated as of May 11, 2012, among American Residential Management, Inc., Stephen G. Schmitz, Laurie A. Hawkes and American Residential Properties OP, L.P.

  10.23      

Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013

  10.24      

Property Management Agreement, dated as of February 12, 2013, between American Residential Properties TRS, LLC and ARP Phoenix Fund I, LP

  21.1      

List of Subsidiaries of American Residential Properties, Inc.

  23.1      

Consent of Ernst & Young LLP


Table of Contents

Exhibit
Number

    

Exhibit

  23.2      

Consent of John Burns Real Estate Consulting, LLC

  23.3*      

Consent of Venable LLP (included in Exhibit 5.1)

  23.4*      

Consent of Hunton & Williams LLP (included in Exhibit 8.1)

  23.5       Consent of Semple, Marchal & Cooper, LLP
  23.6       Consent of EKS&H LLLP
  24.1**      

Power of Attorney

  99.1      

John Burns Real Estate Consulting, LLC Market Study

 

*   To be filed by amendment.
**   Previously filed.
  Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

Exhibit 3.1

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT

FIRST : American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, desires to amend and restate its charter as currently in effect and as hereinafter amended.

SECOND : The provisions of the charter of American Residential Properties, Inc., which are now in effect and as amended hereby in accordance with the Maryland General Corporation Law, are as follows:

ARTICLE I

INCORPORATION

Daniel M. LeBey, Esq., whose address is c/o Hunton & Williams LLP, Riverfront Plaza, East Tower, 951 E. Byrd Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, being at least 18 years of age, formed a corporation under the general laws of the State of Maryland on March 30, 2012.

ARTICLE II

NAME

The name of the corporation is American Residential Properties. Inc. (the “Corporation”).

ARTICLE III

PURPOSE

The purposes for which the Corporation is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity (including, without limitation or obligation, engaging in business as a REIT (as hereinafter defined) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute (the “Code”)) for which corporations may be organized under the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force. For purposes of the charter of the Corporation (the “Charter”), “REIT” means a real estate investment trust under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code.


ARTICLE IV

PRINCIPAL OFFICE IN MARYLAND AND RESIDENT AGENT

The address of the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is c/o Capitol Corporate Services, Inc., 6600 Rockledge Drive, Suite 410, Bethesda, Maryland 20817. The name and address of the resident agent of the Corporation in the State of Maryland are Capitol Corporate Services, Inc., 6600 Rockledge Drive, Suite 410, Bethesda, Maryland 20817. The resident agent is a Maryland corporation.

ARTICLE V

PROVISIONS FOR DEFINING, LIMITING AND REGULATING CERTAIN POWERS OF THE CORPORATION AND OF THE STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS

Section 5.1 Number of Directors . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the board of directors of the Corporation (the “Board of Directors”). The number of directors of the Corporation shall initially be two, which number may be increased or decreased only by the Board of Directors pursuant to the Bylaws of the Corporation (the “Bylaws”), but shall never be less than the minimum number required by the Maryland General Corporation Law, or any successor statute (the “MGCL”). The names of the directors who shall serve until the first annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualify are Stephen G. Schmitz and Laurie A. Hawkes.

The directors may increase the number of directors and may fill any vacancy, whether resulting from an increase in the number of directors or otherwise, on the Board of Directors in the manner provided in the Bylaws; provided , however , that the stockholders shall have the right to fill any vacancy that results from the removal of a director at a duly called and held Special Election Meeting (as defined in Article XV of the Bylaws).

 

2


Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Corporation elects, at such time as it becomes eligible to make the election provided for under Section 3-804(c) of the MGCL, that, except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of Preferred Stock (as defined in Section 6.1), any and all vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies.

Section 5.2 Extraordinary Actions . Except as specifically provided in Section 5.8 (relating to removal of directors) and in the last sentence of Article VIII, notwithstanding any provision of law permitting or requiring any action to be taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of shares entitled to cast a greater number of votes, any such action shall be effective and valid if declared advisable by the Board of Directors and taken or approved by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

Section 5.3 Authorization by Board of Stock Issuance . The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance from time to time of shares of stock of the Corporation of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into shares of its stock of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the Board of Directors may deem advisable (or without consideration in the case of a stock split or stock dividend), subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in the Charter or the Bylaws.

 

3


Section 5.4 Preemptive Rights and Appraisal Rights . Except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of classified or reclassified shares of stock pursuant to Section 6.4 or as may otherwise be provided by a contract approved by the Board of Directors, no holder of shares of stock of the Corporation shall, as such holder, have any preemptive right to purchase or subscribe for any additional shares of stock of the Corporation or any other security of the Corporation which it may issue or sell. Holders of shares of stock shall not be entitled to exercise any rights of an objecting stockholder provided for under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the MGCL unless the Board of Directors, upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, shall determine that such rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of stock, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders of such shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights.

Section 5.5 Indemnification . (a) The Corporation shall have the power, to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, to obligate itself to indemnify, and to pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification to, (i) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation or (ii) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, trustee, member or manager of another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, limited liability company, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise from and against any

 

4


claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his or her service in any of the foregoing capacities. The Corporation shall have the power, with the approval of the Board of Directors, to provide such indemnification and advancement of expenses to a person who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (i) or (ii) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation.

(b) The Corporation may, to the fullest extent permitted by law, purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person described in the preceding paragraph against any liability which may be asserted against such person.

(c) The indemnification provided herein shall not be deemed to limit the right of the Corporation to indemnify any other person for any such expenses to the maximum extent permitted by law, nor shall it be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any person seeking indemnification from the Corporation may be entitled under any agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors, or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.

Section 5.6 Determinations by Board . The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Directors consistent with the Charter, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Corporation and every holder of shares of its stock: the amount of the net income of the Corporation for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of its stock or the payment of other distributions on its stock; the amount of paid-in surplus, net assets, other surplus, annual or other net profit, cash flow, funds from operations, net assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses

 

5


on sales of assets; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged); any interpretation of the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of any class or series of stock of the Corporation; the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the Corporation or of any shares of stock of the Corporation; the number of shares of stock of any class or series of the Corporation; any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any assets by the Corporation; or any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Corporation or required or permitted by applicable law, the Charter or Bylaws or otherwise to be determined by the Board of Directors.

Section 5.7 REIT Qualification . The Board of Directors, without any action by the stockholders of the Corporation, shall have the authority to cause the Corporation to elect to qualify for federal income tax treatment as a REIT. Following such election, if the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to continue to be qualified as a REIT, the Board of Directors, without any action by the stockholders of the Corporation, may revoke or otherwise terminate the Corporation’s REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code. In addition, the Board of Directors, without any action by the stockholders of the Corporation, shall have and may exercise, on behalf of the Corporation, without limitation, the power to determine that compliance with any restriction or limitation on stock ownership and transfers set forth in Article VII of the Charter is no longer required in order for the Corporation to qualify as a REIT.

 

6


Section 5.8 Removal of Directors . Subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of Preferred Stock to elect or remove one or more directors, any director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only for cause, and then only by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. For the purpose of this paragraph, “cause” shall mean, with respect to any particular director, conviction of a felony or a final judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction holding that such director caused demonstrable, material harm to the Corporation through bad faith or active and deliberate dishonesty; provided , however , that a director may be removed with or without cause at a duly called and held Special Election Meeting (as defined in Article XV of the Bylaws), and then only by the affirmative vote of holders of shares of Common Stock entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors.

Section 5.9 Advisor Agreements . The Board of Directors may authorize the execution and performance by the Corporation of one or more agreements with any person, corporation, association, company, trust, partnership (limited or general) or other organization whereby, subject to the supervision and control of the Board of Directors, any such other person, corporation, association, company, trust, partnership (limited or general) or other organization shall render or make available to the Corporation managerial, investment, advisory and/or related services, office space and other services and facilities (including, if deemed advisable by the Board of Directors, the management or supervision of the investments of the Corporation) upon such terms and conditions as may be provided in such agreement or agreements (including, if deemed fair and equitable by the Board of Directors, the compensation payable thereunder by the Corporation).

 

7


Section 5.10 Certain Actions Requiring Less Than Unanimous Consent of Stockholders . Subject to compliance with the notice and other requirements of Section 2-505 of the MGCL, the holders of Common Stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors may take action by written consent in lieu of a meeting to (i) waive or defer the requirement to hold a Special Election Meeting in accordance with Article XV of the Bylaws and Section 3 of the Registration Rights Agreement to be entered into by the Corporation and FBR Capital Markets & Co. on the closing date of the issuance of Common Stock pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Corporation and FBR Capital Markets & Co. (the “Registration Rights Agreement”) or (ii) amend the Special Election Meeting provisions set forth in Article XV of the Bylaws. Such action will be deemed taken if the stockholders entitled to cast not less than the minimum number of votes specified in the Bylaws for the approval of such action deliver their consent in writing or by electronic transmission.

ARTICLE VI

STOCK

Section 6.1 Authorized Shares . The Corporation has authority to issue 600,000,000 shares of stock, consisting of 500,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Stock”), and 100,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Preferred Stock”). The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is $6,000,000. If shares of one class of stock are classified or reclassified into shares of another class of stock pursuant to Section 6.2, 6.3 or 6.4 of this Article VI, the number of authorized shares of the former class shall be automatically decreased and the number of shares of the latter class shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of shares so classified or reclassified, so that the aggregate number of shares of stock of all classes that the Corporation has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of shares of stock set

 

8


forth in the first sentence of this paragraph. The Board of Directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire Board of Directors, and without any action by the stockholders of the Corporation, may amend the Charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that the Corporation has authority to issue.

Section 6.2 Common Stock . Subject to the provisions of Article VII and except as may otherwise be specified in the Charter, each share of Common Stock shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote. The Board of Directors may reclassify any unissued shares of Common Stock from time to time into one or more classes or series of stock.

Section 6.3 Preferred Stock . The Board of Directors may classify any unissued shares of Preferred Stock and reclassify any previously classified but unissued shares of Preferred Stock of any series from time to time, into one or more classes or series of stock.

Section 6.4 Classified or Reclassified Shares . Prior to issuance of classified or reclassified shares of any class or series, the Board of Directors by resolution shall: (a) designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of stock of the Corporation; (b) specify the number of shares to be included in the class or series; (c) set or change, subject to the provisions of Article VII and subject to the express terms of any class or series of stock of the Corporation outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions (including, without limitation, restrictions on ownership and transfer), limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series; and (d) cause the Corporation to file articles supplementary with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (“SDAT”). Any of the terms of any class or series of stock set or changed pursuant to clause (c) of this Section 6.4 may be made

 

9


dependent upon facts or events ascertainable outside the Charter (including determinations by the Board of Directors or other facts or events within the control of the Corporation) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts, events or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of stock is clearly and expressly set forth in the articles supplementary or other Charter document.

Section 6.5 Charter and Bylaws . The rights of all stockholders and the terms of all stock are subject to the provisions of the Charter and the Bylaws.

ARTICLE VII

RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES

Section 7.1 Definitions . In addition to the terms defined elsewhere in this Charter, for the purpose of this Article VII, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

Beneficial Ownership . The term “Beneficial Ownership” shall mean ownership of Capital Stock by a Person, whether the interest in the shares of Capital Stock is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Sections 856(h)(1)(B) and 856(h)(3)(A) of the Code. The terms “Beneficial Owner,” “Beneficially Owns” and “Beneficially Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.

Benefit Plan Investor . The term “Benefit Plan Investor” shall mean any holder of shares of Capital Stock that is (i) an employee benefit plan (as defined in Section 3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (“ERISA”)), that it is subject to the provisions of Title I of ERISA; (ii) a plan as defined in Section 4975(e) of the Code (any such employee benefit plan or “plan” described in clause (i) or this clause (ii) being referred to herein as a “Plan”); (iii) an entity whose underlying assets include (or are deemed to include

 

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under ERISA or Section 4975(e) of the Code) assets of a Plan by reason of such Plan’s investment in such entity; or (iv) any other entity that otherwise constitutes a benefit plan investor within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations.

Business Day . The term “Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or a Sunday that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.

Capital Stock . The term “Capital Stock” shall mean all classes or series of stock of the Corporation, including, without limitation, Common Stock and Preferred Stock.

Charitable Beneficiary . The term “Charitable Beneficiary” shall mean one or more beneficiaries of the Charitable Trust as determined pursuant to Section 7.3.6, provided that each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.

Charitable Trust . The term “Charitable Trust” shall mean any trust provided for in Section 7.3.1.

Constructive Ownership . The term “Constructive Ownership” shall mean ownership of Capital Stock by a Person, whether the interest in the shares of Capital Stock is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 318(a) of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code. The terms “Constructive Owner,” “Constructively Owns” and “Constructively Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.

Controlling Person . The term “Controlling Person” shall mean a Person who has discretionary authority or control with respect to the assets of the Corporation or who provides investment advice for a fee (direct or indirect) with respect to such assets, and any affiliate of such Person.

 

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ERISA . The term “ERISA” shall have the meaning specified in the definition of “Benefit Plan Investor.”

Excepted Holder . The term “Excepted Holder” shall mean a Person for whom an Excepted Holder Limit is created by the Charter or by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 7.2.7.

Excepted Holder Limit . The term “Excepted Holder Limit” shall mean, provided that the affected Excepted Holder agrees to comply with the requirements established by the Charter or by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 7.2.7 and subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 7.2.8, the percentage limit established for an Excepted Holder by the Charter or by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 7.2.7.

Initial Date . The term “Initial Date” means the earlier of (i) the closing date of the issuance of Common Stock pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Corporation and FBR Capital Markets & Co. or (ii) such other date as determined by the Board of Directors in its sole and absolute discretion.

Insignificant Participation Exception . The term “Insignificant Participation Exception” shall mean the exception to the Plan Asset Regulations which provides that a Benefit Plan Investor’s assets will not include any of the underlying assets of an entity in which it invests if at all times less than 25% of the value of each class of equity interests in the entity is held by Benefit Plan Investors, disregarding equity interests held by Controlling Persons (other than Controlling Persons which are Benefit Plan Investors).

 

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Market Price . The term “Market Price” on any date shall mean, with respect to any class or series of outstanding shares of Capital Stock, the Closing Price for such Capital Stock on such date. The “Closing Price” on any date shall mean the last reported sale price for such Capital Stock, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, for such Capital Stock, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or, if such Capital Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE, as reported on the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which such Capital Stock is listed or admitted to trading or, if such Capital Stock is not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the principal automated quotation system that may then be in use or, if such Capital Stock is not quoted by any such system, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such Capital Stock selected by the Board of Directors or, in the event that no trading price is available for such Capital Stock, the fair market value of the Capital Stock, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors.

NYSE . The term “NYSE” shall mean the New York Stock Exchange.

One Hundred Stockholders Date . The term “One Hundred Stockholders Date” shall mean the first date on which shares of Capital Stock are beneficially owned by 100 or more Persons within the meaning of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code without regard to Section 856(h)(2) of the Code.

 

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Person . The term “Person” shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, limited liability company, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Sections 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other entity.

Plan . The term “Plan” shall have the meaning specified in the definition of “Benefit Plan Investor.”

Plan Asset Regulations . The term “Plan Asset Regulations” shall mean Section 2510.3-101 of the regulations of the Department of Labor.

Prohibited Owner . The term “Prohibited Owner” shall mean, with respect to any purported Transfer (or other event), any Person who, but for the provisions of Section 7.2.1, would Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in violation of the provisions of Section 7.2.1(a), and if appropriate in the context, shall also mean any Person who would have been the record owner of the shares of Capital Stock that the Prohibited Owner would have so owned.

Publicly-Offered Securities . The term “Publicly-Offered Securities” shall have the meaning provided in Section 2510.3-101(b)(2) of the Plan Asset Regulations, or any successor regulation thereto.

Restriction Termination Date . The term “Restriction Termination Date” shall mean the first day after the Initial Date on which the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt to, or continue to, qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions and limitations on Beneficial Ownership, Constructive Ownership and Transfers of shares of Capital Stock set forth herein is no longer required in order for the Corporation to qualify as a REIT.

 

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Stock Ownership Limit . The term “Stock Ownership Limit” shall mean nine and eight-tenths percent (9.8%) in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of any class or series of Capital Stock of the Corporation excluding any outstanding shares of Capital Stock not treated as outstanding for federal income tax purposes, or such other percentage determined by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 7.2.8 of the Charter.

TRS . The term “TRS” shall mean a taxable REIT subsidiary (as defined in Section 856(l) of the Code) of the Corporation.

Transfer . The term “Transfer” shall mean any issuance, sale, transfer, gift, assignment, devise or other disposition, as well as any other event that causes any Person to acquire or change such Person’s percentage of Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership, or any agreement to take any such actions or cause any such events, of Capital Stock or the right to vote or receive dividends on Capital Stock, including (a) the granting or exercise of any option (or any disposition of any option), (b) any disposition of any securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for Capital Stock or any interest in Capital Stock or any exercise of any such conversion or exchange right, and (c) Transfers of interests in other entities that result in changes in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Capital Stock; in each case, whether voluntary or involuntary, whether owned of record, Constructively Owned or Beneficially Owned and whether by operation of law or otherwise. The terms “Transferring” and “Transferred” shall have the correlative meanings.

 

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Trustee . The term “Trustee” shall mean the Person unaffiliated with the Corporation and a Prohibited Owner, that is appointed by the Corporation to serve as trustee of the Charitable Trust.

Section 7.2 Capital Stock .

Section 7.2.1 Ownership Limitations .

(a) Basic Restrictions .

(i) During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, but subject to Section 7.4 and except as provided in Section 7.2.7 hereof, (1) no Person, other than an Excepted Holder, shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in excess of the Stock Ownership Limit and (2) no Excepted Holder shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock in excess of the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder.

(ii) During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, but subject to Section 7.4 and except as provided in Section 7.2.7 hereof, no Person shall Beneficially Own shares of Capital Stock to the extent that such Beneficial Ownership of Capital Stock would result in the Corporation being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year).

(iii) During the period commencing on the One Hundred Stockholders Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, but subject to Section 7.4 and except as provided in Section 7.2.7 hereof, any Transfer of shares of Capital Stock that, if effective, would result in the Capital Stock being Beneficially Owned by less than one hundred (100) Persons (determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code) shall be void ab initio , and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Capital Stock.

 

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(iv) During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, but subject to Section 7.4 and except as provided in Section 7.2.7 hereof, no Person shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock to the extent such Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership would cause the Corporation to Constructively Own ten percent (10%) or more of the ownership interests in a tenant (other than a TRS) of the Corporation’s real property within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code.

(v) During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, but subject to Section 7.4 , no Person shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock to the extent that such Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership would otherwise cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code.

(vi) Subject to Section 7.4 and except as provided in Section 7.2.7 hereof, during the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the date that either (i) each outstanding class of Capital Stock of the Corporation qualifies as a class of Publicly-Offered Securities or (ii) the Corporation qualifies for another exception to the Plan Asset Regulations (other than the Insignificant Participation Exception), Benefit Plan Investors shall not Beneficially Own twenty five percent (25%) or more of any class of Capital Stock of the Corporation, disregarding any shares held by Controlling Persons (other than Controlling Persons that are Benefit Plan Investors).

 

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(vii) Subject to Section 7.4 and except as provided in Section 7.2.7 hereof, during the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the date that either (i) each outstanding class of Capital Stock of the Corporation qualifies as a class of Publicly-Offered Securities or (ii) the Corporation qualifies for another exception to the Plan Asset Regulations (other than the Insignificant Participation Exception), no Person shall Transfer shares of Capital Stock unless such Person obtains from its transferee a representation and agreement that (A) its transferee is not (and will not be), and is not acting on behalf of, a Benefit Plan Investor or Controlling Person and (B) such transferee will obtain from its transferee the representation and agreement set forth in this sentence (including without limitation clauses (A) and (B)).

(b) Transfer in Trust/Transfer Void Ab Initio . If any Transfer of shares of Capital Stock (or other event) occurs which, if effective, would result in any Person Beneficially Owning or Constructively Owning shares of Capital Stock in violation of Section 7.2.1(a)(i), (ii), (iv), (v), (vi) or (vii):

(i) then that number of shares of the Capital Stock the Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of which otherwise would cause such Person to violate Section 7.2.1(a)(i), (ii), (iv), (v), (vi) or (vii) (rounded up to the nearest whole share) shall be automatically transferred to a Charitable Trust for the benefit of a Charitable Beneficiary, as described in Section 7.3, effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the date of such Transfer (or other event), and such Person shall acquire no rights in such shares of Capital Stock; or

(ii) if the transfer to the Charitable Trust described in clause (i) of this Section 7.2.1(b) would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation of Section 7.2.1(a)(i), (ii), (iv), (v), (vi) or (vii), then the Transfer of that number of shares of Capital Stock

 

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that otherwise would cause any Person to violate Section 7.2.1(a)(i), (ii), (iv), (v), (vi) or (vii) shall be void ab   initio , and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such shares of Capital Stock.

Section 7.2.2 Remedies for Breach . If the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof or other designees if permitted by the MGCL shall at any time determine in good faith that a Transfer or other event has taken place that results in a violation of Section 7.2.1 or that a Person intends to acquire or has attempted to acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of any shares of Capital Stock in violation of Section 7.2.1 (whether or not such violation is intended), the Board of Directors or a committee thereof or other designees if permitted by the MGCL shall take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such Transfer or other event, including, without limitation, causing the Corporation to redeem shares of Capital Stock, refusing to give effect to such Transfer on the books of the Corporation or instituting proceedings to enjoin such Transfer or other event; provided , however , that any Transfer or attempted Transfer or other event in violation of Section 7.2.1 shall automatically result in the transfer to the Charitable Trust described above, or, where applicable, such Transfer (or other event) shall be void ab   initio as provided above irrespective of any action (or non-action) by the Board of Directors or a committee thereof.

Section 7.2.3 Notice of Restricted Transfer . Any Person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of shares of Capital Stock that will or may violate Section 7.2.1(a) or any Person who would have owned shares of Capital Stock that resulted in a transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to the provisions of Section 7.2.1(b) shall immediately give written notice to the Corporation of such event or, in the case of such a proposed or attempted transaction, give at least fifteen (15) days

 

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prior written notice, and shall provide to the Corporation such other information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Transfer on the Corporation’s status as a REIT.

Section 7.2.4 Owners Required To Provide Information . From the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date:

(a) Every owner of more than five percent (5%) (or such lower percentage as required by the Code or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) in number or value of the outstanding shares of Capital Stock, within thirty (30) days after the end of each taxable year, shall give written notice to the Corporation stating (i) the name and address of such owner, (ii) the number of shares of Capital Stock Beneficially Owned and (iii) a description of the manner in which such shares are held. Each such owner shall provide to the Corporation such additional information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Beneficial Ownership on the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Stock Ownership Limit; and

(b) Each Person who is a Beneficial or Constructive Owner of Capital Stock and each Person (including the stockholder of record) who is holding Capital Stock for a Beneficial or Constructive Owner shall provide to the Corporation such information as the Corporation may request, in good faith, in order to determine the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to comply with requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance and to ensure compliance with the Stock Ownership Limit.

Section 7.2.5 Remedies Not Limited . Nothing contained in this Section 7.2 shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors to take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to, (a) subject to Section 5.7 of the Charter, protect the Corporation

 

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and the interests of its stockholders in preserving the Corporation’s status as a REIT or (b) avoid having the assets of the Corporation being considered to be “plan assets” (within the meaning of the Plan Asset Regulations) of any stockholder.

Section 7.2.6 Ambiguity . In the case of an ambiguity in the application of any of the provisions of this Article VII, including any definition contained in Section 7.1 of this Article VII, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the application of the provisions of this Article VII with respect to any situation based on the facts known to it at such time. In the event Section 7.2 or 7.3 requires an action by the Board of Directors and the Charter fails to provide specific guidance with respect to such action, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the action to be taken so long as such action is not contrary to the provisions of Sections 7.1, 7.2 or 7.3. Absent a decision to the contrary by the Board of Directors (which the Board of Directors may make in its sole and absolute discretion), if a Person would have (but for the remedies set forth in Sections 7.2.1 and 7.2.2) acquired Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Capital Stock in violation of Section 7.2.1, such remedies (as applicable) shall apply first to the shares of Capital Stock which, but for such remedies, would have been actually owned by such Person, and second to shares of Capital Stock which, but for such remedies, would have been Beneficially Owned or Constructively Owned (but not actually owned) by such Person, pro rata among the Persons who actually own such shares of Capital Stock based upon the relative number of the shares of Capital Stock held by each such Person.

Section 7.2.7 Exceptions .

(a) (i) The Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt (prospectively or retroactively) a Person from the restrictions contained in Section 7.2.1(a)(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (vi)

 

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or (vii), as the case may be, and may establish or increase an Excepted Holder Limit for such Person if the Board of Directors obtains such representations, covenants and undertakings as the Board of Directors may deem appropriate in order to conclude that granting the exemption and/or establishing or increasing the Excepted Holder Limit, as the case may be, will not cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT in the case of an exemption or Excepted Holder Limit relating to Section 7.2.1(a)(i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) or cause any assets of the Corporation to be deemed “plan assets” for purposes of ERISA or the Plan Asset Regulations in the case of an exemption relating to Section 7.2.1(a)(vi) and (vii).

(b) Prior to granting any exception pursuant to Section 7.2.7(a), the Board of Directors may require a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance satisfactory to the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to (i) ensure the Corporation’s status as a REIT or (ii) in the case of an exception from Section 7.2.1(a)(vi) or (vii), determine that the Corporation will not fail to qualify for the Insignificant Participation Exception or another applicable exception to avoid having the assets of the Corporation be deemed “plan assets” for the purposes of ERISA or the Plan Asset Regulations. Notwithstanding the receipt of any ruling or opinion, the Board of Directors may impose such conditions or restrictions as it deems appropriate in connection with granting such exception.

(c) Subject to Section 7.2.1(a)(ii), an underwriter, placement agent or initial purchaser that participates in a public offering, a private placement or other private offering of Capital Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Capital Stock) may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Capital Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Capital Stock) in excess of the Stock Ownership Limit, but only to the extent

 

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necessary to facilitate such public offering, private placement or immediate resale of such Capital Stock and provided that the restrictions contained in Section 7.2.1(a) will not be violated following the distribution by such underwriter, placement agent or initial purchaser of such shares of Capital Stock.

Section 7.2.8 Change in Stock Ownership Limit and Excepted Holder Limits . (a) The Board of Directors may from time to time increase or decrease the Stock Ownership Limit; provided , however , that a decreased Stock Ownership Limit will not be effective for any Person whose percentage ownership of Capital Stock is in excess of such decreased Stock Ownership Limit until such time as such Person’s percentage of Capital Stock equals or falls below the decreased Stock Ownership Limit, but until such time as such Person’s percentage of Capital Stock falls below such decreased Stock Ownership Limit, any further acquisition of Capital Stock will be in violation of the Stock Ownership Limit and, provided further, that the new Stock Ownership Limit would not allow five or fewer individuals (as defined in Section 542(a)(2) of the Code taking into account all Excepted Holders) to Beneficially Own more than 49.9% in value of the outstanding Capital Stock.

(b) The Board of Directors may only reduce the Excepted Holder Limit for an Excepted Holder: (1) with the written consent of such Excepted Holder at any time, or (2) pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreements and undertakings entered into with such Excepted Holder in connection with the establishment of the Excepted Holder Limit for that Excepted Holder. No Excepted Holder Limit shall be reduced to a percentage that is less than the then Stock Ownership Limit.

Section 7.2.9 Legend . Each certificate, if any, for shares of Capital Stock shall bear a legend summarizing the restrictions on transfer and ownership contained herein.

 

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Instead of a legend, the certificate, if any, may state that the Corporation will furnish a full statement about certain restrictions on transferability to a stockholder on request and without charge.

Section 7.3 Transfer of Capital Stock in Trust .

Section 7.3.1 Ownership in Trust . Upon any purported Transfer or other event described in Section 7.2.1(b) that would result in a transfer of shares of Capital Stock to a Charitable Trust, such shares of Capital Stock shall be deemed to have been transferred to the Trustee as trustee for the exclusive benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. Such transfer to the Trustee shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the purported Transfer or other event that results in the transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to Section 7.2.1(b). The Trustee shall be appointed by the Corporation and shall be a Person unaffiliated with the Corporation and any Prohibited Owner. Each Charitable Beneficiary shall be designated by the Corporation as provided in Section 7.3.6.

Section 7.3.2 Status of Shares Held by the Trustee . Shares of Capital Stock held by the Trustee shall continue to be issued and outstanding shares of Capital Stock of the Corporation. The Prohibited Owner shall have no rights in the Capital Stock held by the Trustee. The Prohibited Owner shall not benefit economically from ownership of any shares held in trust by the Trustee, shall have no rights to dividends or other distributions and shall not possess any rights to vote or other rights attributable to the shares held in the Charitable Trust. The Prohibited Owner shall have no claim, cause of action, or any other recourse whatsoever against the purported transferor of such Capital Stock.

Section 7.3.3 Dividend and Voting Rights . The Trustee shall have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares of Capital Stock

 

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held in the Charitable Trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. Any dividend or other distribution paid to a Prohibited Owner prior to the discovery by the Corporation that the shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Trustee shall be paid with respect to such shares of Capital Stock by the Prohibited Owner to the Trustee upon demand and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid when due to the Trustee. Any dividends or other distributions so paid to the Trustee shall be held in trust for the Charitable Beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner shall have no voting rights with respect to shares held in the Charitable Trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that the shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Charitable Trust, the Trustee shall have the authority (at the Trustee’s sole discretion) (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by a Prohibited Owner prior to the discovery by the Corporation that the shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Trustee and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary; provided , however , that if the Corporation has already taken irreversible corporate action, then the Trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article VII, until the Corporation has received notification that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred into a Charitable Trust, the Corporation shall be entitled to rely on its share transfer and other stockholder records for purposes of preparing lists of stockholders entitled to vote at meetings, determining the validity and authority of proxies and otherwise conducting votes of stockholders.

Section 7.3.4 Sale of Shares by Trustee . Within twenty (20) days of receiving notice from the Corporation that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Charitable Trust, the Trustee of the Charitable Trust shall sell the shares held in the Charitable Trust to a person, designated by the Trustee, whose ownership of the shares will not violate the

 

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ownership limitations set forth in Section 7.2.1(a). Upon such sale, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares sold shall terminate and the Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and to the Charitable Beneficiary as provided in this Section 7.3.4. The Prohibited Owner shall receive the lesser of (1) the price paid by the Prohibited Owner for the shares or, if the Prohibited Owner did not give value for the shares in connection with the event causing the shares to be held in the Charitable Trust (e.g., in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the Market Price of the shares on the day of the event causing the shares to be held in the Charitable Trust and (2) the price per share received by the Trustee (net of any commissions and other expenses of sale) from the sale or other disposition of the shares held in the Charitable Trust. The Trustee may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the amount of dividends and other distributions that have been paid to the Prohibited Owner and are owed by the Prohibited Owner to the Trustee pursuant to Section 7.3.3 of this Article VII. Any net sales proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner shall be immediately paid to the Charitable Beneficiary. If, prior to the discovery by the Corporation that shares of Capital Stock have been transferred to the Trustee, such shares are sold by a Prohibited Owner, then (i) such shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Trust and (ii) to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for such shares that exceeds the amount that such Prohibited Owner was entitled to receive pursuant to this Section 7.3.4, such excess shall be paid to the Trustee upon demand.

Section 7.3.5 Purchase Right in Stock Transferred to the Trustee . Shares of Capital Stock transferred to the Trustee shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to the Corporation, or its designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that resulted in such transfer to the Charitable Trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift,

 

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the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift) and (ii) the Market Price on the date the Corporation, or its designee, accepts such offer. The Corporation may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the amount of dividends and other distributions that have been paid to the Prohibited Owner and are owed by the Prohibited Owner to the Trustee pursuant to Section 7.3.3 of this Article VII. The Corporation may pay the amount of such reduction to the Trustee for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. The Corporation shall have the right to accept such offer until the Trustee has sold the shares held in the Charitable Trust pursuant to Section 7.3.4. Upon such a sale to the Corporation, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the shares sold shall terminate and the Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and any dividends or other distributions held by the Trustee shall be paid to the Charitable Beneficiary.

Section 7.3.6 Designation of Charitable Beneficiaries . By written notice to the Trustee, the Corporation shall designate one or more nonprofit organizations to be the Charitable Beneficiary of the interest in the Charitable Trust such that (i) the shares of Capital Stock held in the Charitable Trust would not violate the restrictions set forth in Section 7.2.1(a) in the hands of such Charitable Beneficiary and (ii) each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under one of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code. Neither the failure of the Corporation to make such designation nor the failure of the Corporation to appoint the Trustee before the automatic transfer provided for in Section 7.2.1(b)(i) shall make such transfer ineffective, provided that the Corporation thereafter makes such designation and appointment.

Section 7.4 NYSE Transactions . Nothing in this Article VII shall preclude the settlement of any transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other

 

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national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system. The fact that the settlement of any transaction occurs shall not negate the effect of any other provision of this Article VII and any transferee in such a transaction shall be subject to all of the provisions and limitations set forth in this Article VII.

Section 7.5 Deemed ERISA Representations . From and after the date upon which a registration statement with respect to the Common Stock becomes effective, each purchaser and subsequent transferee of Common Stock will be deemed to have represented, warranted, and agreed that its purchase and holding of Common Stock will not constitute or result in (i) a non-exempt prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code or (ii) a violation of any applicable other federal, state, local, non-U.S. or other laws or regulations that contain one or more provisions similar to the provisions of Title I of ERISA of Section 4975 of the Code.

Section 7.6 Enforcement . The Corporation is authorized specifically to seek equitable relief, including injunctive relief, to enforce the provisions of this Article VII.

Section 7.7 Non-Waiver . No delay or failure on the part of the Corporation or the Board of Directors in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of any right of the Corporation or the Board of Directors, as the case may be, except to the extent specifically waived in writing.

Section 7.8 Severability . If any provision of this Article VII or any application of any such provision is determined to be invalid by any federal or state court having jurisdiction over the issues, the validity of the remaining provisions shall not be affected and other applications of such provisions shall be affected only to the extent necessary to comply with the determination of such court.

 

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ARTICLE VIII

AMENDMENTS

The Corporation reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to the Charter, now or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment altering the terms or contract rights, as expressly set forth in the Charter, of any shares of outstanding stock. All rights and powers conferred by the Charter on stockholders, directors and officers are granted subject to this reservation. Except as otherwise provided in the Charter and except for those amendments permitted to be made without stockholder approval under Maryland law or by specific provision in the Charter, any amendment to the Charter shall be valid only if declared advisable by the Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. However, any amendment to Section 5.8 and Article VII or to this sentence of the Charter shall be valid only if declared advisable by the Board of Directors and approved by the affirmative vote of holders of shares entitled to cast at least two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

ARTICLE IX

LIMITATION OF LIABILITY

To the maximum extent that Maryland law in effect from time to time permits limitation of the liability of directors and officers of a corporation, no present or former director or officer of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for money damages. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article IX, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the Charter or Bylaws inconsistent with this Article IX, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.

 

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THIRD : The amendment to and restatement of the Charter as hereinabove set forth have been duly advised by the Board of Directors and approved by the sole stockholder of the Corporation as required by law.

FOURTH : The current address of the principal office of the Corporation is as set forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter.

FIFTH : The name and address of the Corporation’s current resident agent are as set forth in Article IV of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter.

SIXTH : The number of directors of the Corporation and the names of those currently in office are as set forth in Article V of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter.

SEVENTH : The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation had authority to issue immediately prior to this amendment and restatement was 1,000, consisting of 1,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all shares of stock having par value was $10.00.

EIGHTH : The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation has authority to issue pursuant to the foregoing amendment and restatement of the Charter is 600,000,000, consisting of 500,000,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, and 100,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is $6,000,000.

NINTH : The undersigned Chief Executive Officer acknowledges these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be the corporate act of the Corporation and, as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned Chief Executive Officer acknowledges that, to the best of his knowledge, information and belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.

 

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[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Secretary on this 4th day of May, 2012.

 

ATTEST:     AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

/ S / L AURIE A. H AWKES

    By:  

/s/ S TEPHEN G. S CHMITZ

  (SEAL)
Laurie A. Hawkes       Stephen G. Schmitz  
Secretary       Chief Executive Officer  

Exhibit 3.2

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

BYLAWS

ARTICLE I

OFFICES

Section 1. Principal Office.

The principal office of American Residential Properties, Inc. (the “ Corporation ”) in the State of Maryland shall be located at such place as the board of directors of the Corporation (the “ Board of Directors ”) may designate.

Section 2. Additional Offices.

The Corporation may have additional offices, including a principal executive office, at such places as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.

ARTICLE II

MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS

Section 1. Place.

All meetings of stockholders shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation or at such other place as shall be set in accordance with these Bylaws and stated in the notice of the meeting.

Section 2. Annual Meeting.

An annual meeting of stockholders for the election of directors and the transaction of any business within the powers of the Corporation shall be held on the date and at the time and place set by the Board of Directors.

Section 3. Special Meetings .

(a) General . Each of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President and the Board of Directors may call a special meeting of stockholders. Except as provided in subsection (b)(4) of this Section 3, a special meeting of stockholders shall be held on the date and at the time and place set by whoever has called the meeting. Subject to subsection (b) of this Section 3, a special meeting of stockholders shall also be called by the Secretary to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a special meeting of stockholders upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast not less than a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at such meeting.


(b) Stockholder-Requested Special Meetings . (1) Any stockholder of record seeking to have stockholders request a special meeting shall, by sending written notice to the Secretary (the “ Record Date Request Notice ”) at the principal executive office of the Corporation by registered mail, return receipt requested, request the Board of Directors to fix a record date to determine the stockholders entitled to request a special meeting (the “ Request Record Date ”). The Record Date Request Notice shall set forth the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it, shall be signed by one or more stockholders of record as of the date of signature (or their agents duly authorized in a writing accompanying the Record Date Request Notice), shall bear the date of signature of each such stockholder (or such agent) and shall set forth all information relating to each such stockholder and each matter proposed to be acted on at the meeting that would be required to be disclosed in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of directors in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or would otherwise be required in connection with such a solicitation, in each case pursuant to Regulation l4A (or any successor provision) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (the “ Exchange Act ”). Upon receiving the Record Date Request Notice, the Board of Directors may fix a Request Record Date. The Request Record Date shall not precede and shall not be more than ten (10) days after the close of business on the date on which the resolution fixing the Request Record Date is adopted by the Board of Directors. If the Board of Directors, within ten (10) days after the date on which a valid Record Date Request Notice is received, fails to adopt a resolution fixing the Request Record Date, the Request Record Date shall be the close of business on the tenth (10 th ) day after the first date on which a Record Date Request Notice is received by the Secretary.

(2) In order for any stockholder to request a special meeting to act on any matter that may properly be considered at a special meeting of stockholders, one or more written requests for a special meeting (collectively, the “ Special Meeting Request ”) signed by stockholders of record (or their agents duly authorized in a writing accompanying the request) as of the Request Record Date entitled to cast not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on such matter at such meeting (the “ Special Meeting Percentage ”) shall be delivered to the Secretary. In addition, the Special Meeting Request shall (a) set forth the purpose of the meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at it (which shall be limited to those lawful matters set forth in the Record Date Request Notice received by the Secretary), (b) bear the date of signature of each such stockholder (or such agent) signing the Special Meeting Request, (c) set forth (i) the name and address, as they appear in the Corporation’s books, of each stockholder signing such request (or on whose behalf the Special Meeting Request is signed), (ii) the class, series and number of all shares of stock of the Corporation which are owned (beneficially or of record) by each such stockholder and (iii) the nominee holder for, and number of, shares of stock of the Corporation owned beneficially but not of record by such stockholder, (d) be sent to the Secretary by registered mail, return receipt requested, and (e) be received by the Secretary within sixty (60) days after the Request Record Date. Any requesting stockholder (or agent duly authorized in a writing accompanying the revocation of the Special Meeting Request) may revoke his, her or its request for a special meeting at any time by written revocation delivered to the Secretary.

(3) The Secretary shall inform the requesting stockholders of the reasonably estimated cost of preparing and mailing or delivering the notice of the meeting (including

 

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the Corporation’s proxy materials). The Secretary shall not be required to call a special meeting upon stockholder request and such meeting shall not be held unless, in addition to the documents required by paragraph (2) of this Section 3(b), the Secretary receives payment of such reasonably estimated cost prior to the preparation and mailing or delivery of such notice of the meeting.

(4) In the case of any special meeting called by the Secretary upon the request of stockholders (a “ Stockholder-Requested Meeting ”), such meeting shall be held at such place, date and time as may be designated by the Board of Directors; provided, however , that the date of any Stockholder-Requested Meeting shall be not more than ninety (90) days after the record date for such meeting (the “ Meeting Record Date ”); and provided further that if the Board of Directors fails to designate, within ten (10) days after the date that a valid Special Meeting Request is actually received by the Secretary (the “ Delivery Date ”), a date and time for a Stockholder-Requested Meeting, then such meeting shall be held at 2:00 p.m. local time on the ninetieth (90 th ) day after the Meeting Record Date or, if such ninetieth (90 th ) day is not a Business Day (as defined below), on the first preceding Business Day; and provided further that in the event that the Board of Directors fails to designate a place for a Stockholder-Requested Meeting within ten (10) days after the Delivery Date, then such meeting shall be held at the principal executive office of the Corporation. In fixing a date for a Stockholder-Requested Meeting, the Board of Directors may consider such factors as it deems relevant, including, without limitation, the nature of the matters to be considered, the facts and circumstances surrounding any request for the meeting and any plan of the Board of Directors to call an annual meeting or a special meeting. In the case of any Stockholder-Requested Meeting, if the Board of Directors fails to fix a Meeting Record Date that is a date within thirty (30) days after the Delivery Date, then the close of business on the thirtieth (30 th ) day after the Delivery Date shall be the Meeting Record Date. The Board of Directors may revoke the notice for any Stockholder-Requested Meeting in the event that the requesting stockholders fail to comply with the provisions of paragraph (3) of this Section 3(b).

(5) If written revocations of the Special Meeting Request have been delivered to the Secretary and the result is that stockholders of record (or their agents duly authorized in writing), as of the Request Record Date, entitled to cast less than the Special Meeting Percentage have delivered, and not revoked, requests for a special meeting on the matter to the Secretary: (i) if the notice of meeting has not already been delivered, the Secretary shall refrain from delivering the notice of the meeting and send to all requesting stockholders who have not revoked such requests written notice of any revocation of a request for a special meeting on the matter, or (ii) if the notice of meeting has been delivered and if the Secretary first sends to all requesting stockholders who have not revoked requests for a special meeting on the matter written notice of any revocation of a request for the special meeting and written notice of the Corporation’s intention to revoke the notice of the meeting or for the chairman of the meeting to adjourn the meeting without action on the matter, (A) the Secretary may revoke the notice of the meeting at any time before ten (10) days before the commencement of the meeting or (B) the chairman of the meeting may call the meeting to order and adjourn the meeting without acting on the matter. Any request for a special meeting received after a revocation by the Secretary of a notice of a meeting shall be considered a request for a new special meeting.

 

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(6) The Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board of Directors may appoint regionally or nationally recognized independent inspectors of elections to act as the agent of the Corporation for the purpose of promptly performing a ministerial review of the validity of any purported Special Meeting Request received by the Secretary. For the purpose of permitting the inspectors to perform such review, no such purported Special Meeting Request shall be deemed to have been delivered to the Secretary until the earlier of (i) five (5) Business Days after receipt by the Secretary of such purported request and (ii) such date as the independent inspectors certify to the Corporation that the valid requests received by the Secretary represent, as of the Request Record Date, stockholders of record entitled to cast not less than the Special Meeting Percentage. Nothing contained in this paragraph (6) shall in any way be construed to suggest or imply that the Corporation or any stockholder shall not be entitled to contest the validity of any request, whether during or after such five (5) Business Day period, or to take any other action (including, without limitation, the commencement, prosecution or defense of any litigation with respect thereto, and the seeking of injunctive relief in such litigation).

(7) For purposes of these Bylaws, “ Business Day ” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

Section 4. Notice.

Not less than ten (10) nor more than ninety (90) days before each meeting of stockholders, the Secretary shall give to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting and to each stockholder not entitled to vote who is entitled to notice of the meeting notice in writing or by electronic transmission stating the time and place of the meeting and, in the case of a special meeting or as otherwise may be required by any statute, the purpose for which the meeting is called, by mail, by presenting it to such stockholder personally, by leaving it at the stockholder’s residence or usual place of business or by any other means permitted by Maryland law. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail addressed to the stockholder at the stockholder’s address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid. If transmitted electronically, such notice shall be deemed to be given when transmitted to the stockholder by an electronic transmission to any address or number of the stockholder at which the stockholder receives electronic transmissions. The Corporation may give a single notice to all stockholders who share an address, which single notice shall be effective as to any stockholder at such address, unless such stockholder objects to receiving such single notice or revokes a prior consent to receiving such single notice. Failure to give notice of any meeting to one or more stockholders, or any irregularity in such notice, shall not affect the validity of any meeting fixed in accordance with this Article II or the validity of any proceedings at any such meeting.

Subject to Section 11(a) of this Article II, any business of the Corporation may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders without being specifically designated in the

 

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notice, except such business as is required by any statute to be stated in such notice. No business shall be transacted at a special meeting of stockholders except as specifically designated in the notice. The Corporation may postpone or cancel a meeting of stockholders by making a public announcement (as defined in Section 11(c)(3) of this Article II) of such postponement or cancellation prior to the meeting. Notice of the date, time and place to which the meeting is postponed shall be given not less than ten days prior to such date and otherwise in the manner set forth in this section.

Section 5. Organization and Conduct.

Every meeting of stockholders shall be conducted by an individual appointed by the Board of Directors to be chairman of the meeting or, in the absence of such appointment or appointed individual, by the Chairman of the Board of Directors or, in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, by one of the following officers present at the meeting in the following order: the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there is one, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Vice Presidents in their order of rank and seniority, the Secretary, or, in the absence of such officers, a chairman chosen by the stockholders by the vote of a majority of the votes cast by stockholders present in person or by proxy. The Secretary, or, in the Secretary’s absence, an Assistant Secretary, or, in the absence of both the Secretary and Assistant Secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such appointment, an individual appointed by the chairman of the meeting shall act as secretary. In the event that the Secretary presides at a meeting of stockholders, an Assistant Secretary, or, in the absence of all Assistant Secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting, shall record the minutes of the meeting.

The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined by the chairman of the meeting. The chairman of the meeting may prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and take such action as, in the discretion of the chairman and without any action by the stockholders, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation: (a) restricting admission to the time set for the commencement of the meeting; (b) limiting attendance at the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized proxies and such other individuals as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (c) limiting participation at the meeting on any matter to stockholders of record of the Corporation entitled to vote on such matter, their duly authorized proxies and other such individuals as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (d) limiting the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; (e) determining when and for how long the polls should be opened and when the polls should be closed; (f) maintaining order and security at the meeting; (g) removing any stockholder or any other individual who refuses to comply with meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the chairman of the meeting; (h) concluding a meeting or recessing or adjourning the meeting to a later date and time and at a place announced at the meeting; and (i) complying with any state and local laws and regulations concerning safety and security. Unless otherwise determined by the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.

 

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Section 6. Quorum.

At any meeting of stockholders, the presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting on any matter shall constitute a quorum; but this section shall not affect any requirement under any statute or the charter of the Corporation (the “ Charter ”) for the vote necessary for the approval of any matter. If, however, such quorum is not established at any meeting of the stockholders, the chairman of the meeting may adjourn the meeting sine die or from time to time to a date not more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the original record date without notice other than announcement at the meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified. The stockholders present either in person or by proxy, at a meeting which has been duly called and at which a quorum has been established, may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal from the meeting of enough stockholders to leave fewer than would be required to establish a quorum.

Section 7. Voting.

A plurality of all the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to elect a director. Each share may be voted for as many individuals as there are directors to be elected and for whose election the share is entitled to be voted. A majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present shall be sufficient to approve any other matter which may properly come before the meeting, unless more than a majority of the votes cast is required by statute or by the Charter. Unless otherwise provided by statute or by the Charter, each outstanding share, regardless of class, shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of stockholders.

Section 8. Proxies.

A holder of record of shares of stock of the Corporation may cast votes in person or by proxy executed by the stockholder or by the stockholder’s duly authorized agent in any manner permitted by law. Such proxy or evidence of authorization of such proxy shall be filed with the Secretary before or at the meeting. No proxy shall be valid more than eleven months after its date, unless otherwise provided in the proxy.

Section 9. Voting of Stock By Certain Holders.

Stock of the Corporation registered in the name of a corporation, partnership, trust, limited liability company or other entity, if entitled to be voted, may be voted by the president or a vice president, general partner, trustee or managing member thereof, as the case may be, or a proxy appointed by any of the foregoing individuals, unless some other person who has been appointed to vote such stock pursuant to a bylaw or a resolution of the governing body of such corporation or other entity or agreement of the partners of a partnership presents a certified copy of such bylaw, resolution or agreement, in which case such person may vote such stock. Any director or fiduciary may vote stock registered in the name of such person in the capacity of such director or fiduciary, either in person or by proxy.

 

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Shares of stock of the Corporation directly or indirectly owned by it shall not be voted at any meeting and shall not be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares entitled to be voted at any given time, unless they are held by it in a fiduciary capacity, in which case they may be voted and shall be counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time.

The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution a procedure by which a stockholder may certify in writing to the Corporation that any shares of stock registered in the name of the stockholder are held for the account of a specified person other than the stockholder. The resolution shall set forth the class of stockholders who may make the certification, the purpose for which the certification may be made, the form of certification and the information to be contained in it; if the certification is with respect to a record date, the time after the record date within which the certification must be received by the Corporation; and any other provisions with respect to the procedure which the Board of Directors considers necessary or desirable. On receipt by the Corporation of such certification, the person specified in the certification shall be regarded as, for the purposes set forth in the certification, the holder of record of the specified stock in place of the stockholder who makes the certification.

Section 10. Inspectors.

The Board of Directors or the chairman of the meeting may appoint, before or at the meeting, one or more inspectors for the meeting and any successor to the inspector. Except as otherwise provided by the chairman of the meeting, the inspectors, if any, shall (i) determine the number of shares of stock represented at the meeting, in person or by proxy, and the validity and effect of proxies, (ii) receive and tabulate all votes, ballots or consents, (iii) report such tabulation to the chairman of the meeting, (iv) hear and determine all challenges and questions arising in connection with the right to vote, and (v) do such acts as are proper to fairly conduct the election or vote. Each such report shall be in writing and signed by the inspector or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting. If there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors. The report of the inspector or inspectors on the number of shares represented at the meeting and the results of the voting shall be prima facie evidence thereof.

Section 11. Advance Notice of Nominees for Director and Other Stockholder Proposals.

 

  (a) Annual Meetings of Stockholders .

(1) Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of other business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (i) pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting, (ii) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (iii) by any stockholder of the Corporation who was a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice by the stockholder as provided for in this Section 11(a) and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated or on any such other business and who has complied with this Section 11(a).

(2) For any nomination or other business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a stockholder pursuant to clause (iii) of paragraph (a)(1) of this

 

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Section 11, the stockholder must have given timely notice thereof in writing to the Secretary and any such other business must otherwise be a proper matter for action by the stockholders. To be timely, a stockholder’s notice shall set forth all information required under this Section 11 and shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not earlier than the one hundred fiftieth (150 th ) day nor later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the one hundred twentieth (120 th ) day prior to the first (1 st ) anniversary of the date of the proxy statement (as defined in Section 11(c)(3) of this Article II) for the preceding year’s annual meeting; provided , however , that in connection with the Corporation’s first (1 st ) annual meeting occurring after the initial underwritten public offering of the common stock of the Corporation or in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced or delayed by more than thirty (30) days from the first anniversary of the date of the preceding year’s annual meeting, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so delivered not earlier than the one hundred fiftieth (150 th ) day prior to the date of such annual meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the later of the one hundred twentieth (120 th ) day prior to the date of such annual meeting, as originally convened, or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. The public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of an annual meeting shall not commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(3) A stockholder’s notice described in paragraph (a)(2) of this Section 11 shall set forth:

(i) As to each individual whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election or reelection as a director (each, a “ Proposed Nominee ”), all information relating to the Proposed Nominee that would be required to be disclosed in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of the Proposed Nominee as a director in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or would otherwise be required in connection with such solicitation, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act.

(ii) As to any other business that the stockholder proposes to bring before the meeting, a description of such business, the stockholder’s reasons for proposing such business at the meeting and any material interest in such business of such stockholder or any Stockholder Associated Person (as defined below), individually or in the aggregate, including any anticipated benefit to the stockholder or the Stockholder Associated Person therefrom.

(iii) As to the stockholder giving the notice, any Proposed Nominee and any Stockholder Associated Person: (A) the class, series and number of all shares of stock or other securities of the Corporation or any affiliate thereof (collectively, the “ Company Securities ”), if any, which are owned (beneficially or of record) by such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, the date on which each such Company Security was acquired and the investment intent of such acquisition, and any short interest (including any opportunity to profit or share in any benefit from any decrease in the price of such stock or other security) in any Company Securities of any such person; (B) the nominee holder for, and number of, any Company Securities owned beneficially but not of record by such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person; (C) whether and the extent to which such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, directly or indirectly (through

 

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brokers, nominees or otherwise), is subject to or during the last six months has engaged in any hedging, derivative or other transaction or series of transactions or entered into any other agreement, arrangement or understanding (including any short interest, any borrowing or lending of securities or any proxy or voting agreement), the effect or intent of which is to (I) manage risk or benefit of changes in the price of Company Securities for such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person or (II) increase or decrease the voting power of such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person in the Corporation or any affiliate thereof disproportionately to such person’s economic interest in the Company Securities; and (D) any substantial interest, direct or indirect (including, without limitation, any existing or prospective commercial, business or contractual relationship with the Corporation), by security holdings or otherwise, of such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person, in the Corporation or any affiliate thereof, other than an interest arising from the ownership of Company Securities where such stockholder, Proposed Nominee or Stockholder Associated Person receives no extra or special benefit not shared on a pro rata basis by all other holders of the same class or series.

(iv) As to the stockholder giving the notice, any Stockholder Associated Person with an interest or ownership referred to in clauses (ii) or (iii) of this paragraph (3) of this Section 11(a) and any Proposed Nominee: (A) the name and address of such stockholder, as they appear on the Corporation’s stock ledger, and the current name and business address, if different, of each such Stockholder Associated Person and any Proposed Nominee; and (B) the investment strategy or objective, if any, of such stockholder and each such Stockholder Associated Person who is not an individual and a copy of the prospectus, offering memorandum or similar document, if any, provided to investors or potential investors in such stockholder and each such Stockholder Associated Person.

(v) To the extent known by the stockholder giving the notice, the name and address of any other stockholder supporting the nominee for election or reelection as a director or the proposal of other business on the date of such stockholder’s notice.

(4) Such stockholder’s notice shall, with respect to any Proposed Nominee, be accompanied by a certificate executed by the Proposed Nominee (i) certifying that such Proposed Nominee (a) is not, and will not become a party to, any agreement, arrangement or understanding with any person or entity other than the Corporation in connection with service or action as a director that has not been disclosed to the Corporation and (b) will serve as a director of the Corporation if elected; and (ii) attaching a completed Proposed Nominee questionnaire (which questionnaire shall be provided by the Corporation, upon request, to the stockholder providing the notice and shall include all information relating to the Proposed Nominee that would be required to be disclosed in connection with the solicitation of proxies for the election of the Proposed Nominee as a director in an election contest (even if an election contest is not involved), or would otherwise be required in connection with such solicitation, in each case pursuant to Regulation 14A (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act and the rules thereunder, or would be required pursuant to the rules of any national securities exchange or over-the-counter market).

 

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(5) Notwithstanding anything in this subsection (a) of this Section 11 to the contrary, in the event that the number of directors to be elected to the Board of Directors is increased, and there is no public announcement of such action at least one hundred thirty (130) days prior to the first (1 st ) anniversary of the date of the proxy statement (as defined in Section 11(c)(3) of this Article II) for the preceding year’s annual meeting, a stockholder’s notice required by this Section 11(a) shall also be considered timely, but only with respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the tenth (10 th ) day following the day on which such public announcement is first made by the Corporation.

(6) For purposes of this Section 11, “ Stockholder Associated Person ” of any stockholder shall mean (i) any person acting in concert with such stockholder, (ii) any beneficial owner of shares of stock of the Corporation owned of record or beneficially by such stockholder (other than a stockholder that is a depositary) and (iii) any person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, or is controlled by, or is under common control with, such stockholder or such Stockholder Associated Person.

(b) Special Meetings of Stockholders . Only such business shall be conducted at a special meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting pursuant to the Corporation’s notice of meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors may be made at a special meeting of stockholders at which directors are to be elected only (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) provided that the special meeting has been called in accordance with Section 3(a) of this Article II for the purpose of electing directors, by any stockholder of the Corporation who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Section 11 and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the notice procedures set forth in this Section 11. In the event the Corporation calls a special meeting of stockholders for the purpose of electing one or more individuals to the Board of Directors, any stockholder may nominate an individual or individuals (as the case may be) for election as a director as specified in the Corporation’s notice of meeting, if the stockholder’s notice, containing the information required by paragraph (a)(3) of this Section 11, is delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive office of the Corporation not earlier than the one hundred twentieth (120 th ) day prior to such special meeting and not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time on the later of the ninetieth (90 th ) day prior to such special meeting or the tenth (10 th ) day following the day on which public announcement is first made of the date of the special meeting and of the nominees proposed by the Board of Directors to be elected at such meeting. The public announcement of a postponement or adjournment of a special meeting shall not commence a new time period for the giving of a stockholder’s notice as described above.

(c) General . (1) If information submitted pursuant to this Section 11 by any stockholder proposing a nominee for election as a director or any proposal for other business at a meeting of stockholders shall be inaccurate in any material respect, such information may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 11. Any such stockholder shall notify the Corporation of any inaccuracy or change (within two Business Days of becoming aware of such inaccuracy or change) in any such information. Upon written request by the secretary or the Board of Directors, any such stockholder shall provide, within five (5) Business

 

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Days of delivery of such request (or such other period as may be specified in such request), (A) written verification, satisfactory, in the discretion of the Board of Directors or any authorized officer of the Corporation, to demonstrate the accuracy of any information submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 11, and (B) a written update of any information (including, if requested by the Corporation, written confirmation by such stockholder that it continues to intend to bring such nomination or other business proposal before the meeting) submitted by the stockholder pursuant to this Section 11 as of an earlier date. If a stockholder fails to provide such written verification or written update within such period, the information as to which written verification or a written update was requested may be deemed not to have been provided in accordance with this Section 11.

(2) Only such individuals who are nominated in accordance with this Section 11 shall be eligible for election by stockholders as directors, and only such business shall be conducted at a meeting of stockholders as shall have been brought before the meeting in accordance with this Section 11. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power to determine whether a nomination or any other business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made or proposed, as the case may be, in accordance with this Section 11.

(3) For purposes of this Section 11, “ the date of the proxy statement ” shall have the same meaning as “the date of the company’s proxy statement released to shareholders” as used in Rule 14a-8(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act, as interpreted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “ SEC ”) from time to time. “ Public announcement ” shall mean disclosure (A) in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press, Business Wire, PR Newswire or other widely circulated news or wire service or (B) in a document publicly filed by the Corporation with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange Act.

(4) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 11, a stockholder shall also comply with all applicable requirements of state law and of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Section 11. Nothing in this Section 11 shall be deemed to affect any right of a stockholder to request inclusion of a proposal in, or the right of the Corporation to omit a proposal from, the Corporation’s proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or any successor provision) under the Exchange Act. Nothing in this Section 11 shall require disclosure of revocable proxies received by the stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person pursuant to a solicitation of proxies after the filing of an effective Schedule 14A by such stockholder or Stockholder Associated Person under Section 14(a) of the Exchange Act.

Section 12. Voting by Ballot.

Voting on any question or in any election may be viva voce unless the chairman of the meeting shall order that voting be by ballot.

 

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Section 13. Control Share Acquisition Act.

Notwithstanding any other provision of the Charter or these Bylaws, Title 3, Subtitle 7 of the Maryland General Corporation Law (or any successor statute) (the “ MGCL ”) shall not apply to any acquisition by any person of shares of stock of the Corporation. This section may be repealed, in whole or in part, at any time, whether before or after an acquisition of control shares and, upon such repeal, may, to the extent provided by any successor bylaw, apply to any prior or subsequent control share acquisition.

ARTICLE III

DIRECTORS

Section 1. General Powers.

The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of its Board of Directors.

Section 2. Number, Tenure and Resignation.

At any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, a majority of the entire Board of Directors may establish, increase or decrease the number of directors, provided that the number thereof shall never be less than the minimum number required by the MGCL nor more than fifteen (15), and further provided that the tenure of office of a director shall not be affected by any decrease in the number of directors. Any director of the Corporation may resign at any time by delivering his or her resignation to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the Secretary. Any resignation shall take effect immediately upon its receipt or at such later time specified in the resignation. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless otherwise stated in the resignation.

Section 3. Annual and Regular Meetings.

An annual meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of stockholders, no notice other than this Bylaw being necessary. In the event such meeting is not so held, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place for the holding of regular meetings of the Board of Directors without other notice than such resolution.

Section 4. Special Meetings.

Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by or at the request of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or a majority of the directors then in office. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings of the Board of Directors may fix any place as the place for holding any special meeting of the Board of Directors called by them. The Board of Directors may provide, by resolution, the time and place for the holding of special meetings of the Board of Directors without other notice than such resolution.

 

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Section 5. Notice.

Notice of any special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be delivered personally or by telephone, electronic mail, facsimile transmission, courier or United States mail to each director at his or her business or residence address. Notice by personal delivery, telephone, electronic mail or facsimile transmission shall be given at least twenty four (24) hours prior to the meeting. Notice by United States mail shall be given at least three (3) days prior to the meeting. Notice by courier shall be given at least two (2) days prior to the meeting. Telephone notice shall be deemed to be given when the director or his or her agent is personally given such notice in a telephone call to which the director or his or her agent is a party. Electronic mail notice shall be deemed to be given upon transmission of the message to the electronic mail address given to the Corporation by the director. Facsimile transmission notice shall be deemed to be given upon completion of the transmission of the message to the number given to the Corporation by the director and receipt of a completed answer-back indicating receipt. Notice by United States mail shall be deemed to be given when deposited in the United States mail properly addressed, with postage thereon prepaid. Notice by courier shall be deemed to be given when deposited with or delivered to a courier properly addressed. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors need be stated in the notice, unless specifically required by statute or these Bylaws.

Section 6. Quorum.

A majority of the directors shall constitute a quorum for transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, provided that, if less than a majority of such directors is present at such meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice, and provided further that if, pursuant to applicable law, the Charter or these Bylaws, the vote of a majority or other percentage of a particular group of directors is required for action, a quorum must also include a majority or such other percentage of such group.

The directors present at a meeting which has been duly called and at which a quorum has been established may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal from the meeting of enough directors to leave fewer than required to establish a quorum.

Section 7. Voting.

The action of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the action of the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action by applicable law, the Charter or these Bylaws. If enough directors have withdrawn from a meeting to leave fewer than required to establish a quorum, but the meeting is not adjourned, the action of the majority of that number of directors necessary to constitute a quorum at such meeting shall be the action of the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater proportion is required for such action by applicable law, the Charter or these Bylaws.

 

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Section 8. Organization.

At each meeting of the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or, in the absence of the chairman, the Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, shall act as chairman of the meeting. In the absence of both the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer or, in the absence of the Chief Executive Officer, the President or, in the absence of the President, a director chosen by a majority of the directors present, shall act as chairman of the meeting. The Secretary or, in his or her absence, an Assistant Secretary, or, in the absence of the Secretary and all Assistant Secretaries, an individual appointed by the Chairman, shall act as secretary of the meeting.

Section 9. Telephone Meetings.

Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

Section 10. Consent by Directors Without a Meeting.

Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if a consent in writing or by electronic transmission to such action is given by each director and is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors.

Section 11. Vacancies.

If for any reason any or all the directors cease to be directors, such event shall not terminate the Corporation or affect these Bylaws or the powers of the remaining directors hereunder. Except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of preferred stock, and subject to the right of the stockholders to fill any vacancy that results from the removal of a director at a Special Election Meeting held in accordance with Article XV hereof, any vacancy on the Board of Directors may be filled only by a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum. Any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies.

Section 12. Compensation.

Directors shall not receive any stated salary for their services as directors but, by resolution of the Board of Directors, may receive compensation per year and/or per meeting and/or per visit to real property or other facilities owned or leased by the Corporation and for any service or activity they performed or engaged in as directors. Directors may be reimbursed for expenses of attendance, if any, at each annual, regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof and for their expenses, if any, in connection with each

 

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property visit and any other service or activity they perform or engage in as directors; but nothing herein contained shall be construed to preclude any directors from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.

Section 13. Reliance.

Each director and officer of the Corporation shall, in the performance of his or her duties with respect to the Corporation, be entitled to rely on any information, opinion, report or statement, including any financial statement or other financial data, prepared or presented by an officer or employee of the Corporation whom the director or officer reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the matters presented, by a lawyer, certified public accountant or other person, as to a matter which the director or officer reasonably believes to be within the person’s professional or expert competence, or, with respect to a director, by a committee of the Board of Directors on which the director does not serve, as to a matter within its designated authority, if the director reasonably believes the committee to merit confidence.

Section 14. Certain Rights of Directors and Officers.

A director who is not also an officer of the Corporation shall have no responsibility to devote his or her full time to the affairs of the Corporation. Any director or officer, in his or her personal capacity or in a capacity as an affiliate, employee, or agent of any other person, or otherwise, may have business interests and engage in business activities similar to, in addition to or in competition with those of or relating to the Corporation.

Section 15. Ratification.

The Board of Directors or the stockholders may ratify and make binding on the Corporation any action or inaction by the Corporation or its officers to the extent that the Board of Directors or the stockholders could have originally authorized the matter. Moreover, any action or inaction questioned in any stockholders’ derivative proceeding or any other proceeding on the ground of lack of authority, defective or irregular execution, adverse interest of a director, officer or stockholder, non-disclosure, miscomputation, the application of improper principles or practices of accounting or otherwise, may be ratified, before or after judgment, by the Board of Directors or by the stockholders, and if so ratified, shall have the same force and effect as if the questioned action or inaction had been originally duly authorized, and such ratification shall be binding upon the Corporation and its stockholders and shall constitute a bar to any claim or execution of any judgment in respect of such questioned action or inaction.

Section 16. Emergency Provisions.

Notwithstanding any other provision in the charter or these Bylaws, this Section 16 shall apply during the existence of any catastrophe, or other similar emergency condition, as a result of which a quorum of the Board of Directors under Article III of these Bylaws cannot readily be obtained (an “ Emergency ”). During any Emergency, unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, (i) a meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee thereof may be called by any director or officer by any means feasible under the circumstances; (ii) notice of any meeting of the Board of Directors during such an Emergency may be given less than twenty-four (24) hours prior to the meeting to as many directors and by such means as may be feasible at the time, including publication, television or radio, and (iii) the number of directors necessary to constitute a quorum shall be one-third of the entire Board of Directors.

 

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ARTICLE IV

COMMITTEES

Section 1. Number, Tenure and Qualifications.

The Board of Directors may appoint from among its members an Audit Committee, a Compensation Committee, a Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee and other committees, composed of one or more directors, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. The exact composition of each committee, including the total number of directors and the number of independent directors on each such committee, shall at all times comply with the listing requirements and rules and regulations of the New York Stock Exchange or any other national securities exchange on which the Corporation’s common stock is then listed, as such rules and regulations may be modified or amended from time to time, and the rules and regulations of the SEC, as such rules and regulations may be modified or amended from time to time.

Section 2. Powers.

The Board of Directors may delegate to committees appointed under Section 1 of this Article IV any of the powers of the Board of Directors, except as prohibited by law.

Section 3. Meetings.

Notice of committee meetings shall be given in the same manner as notice for special meetings of the Board of Directors. A majority of the members of the committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the committee. The act of a majority of the committee members present at a meeting shall be the act of such committee. The Board of Directors may designate a chairman of any committee, and such chairman or, in the absence of a chairman, any two members of any committee (if there are at least two members of the committee) may fix the time and place of its meeting unless the Board of Directors shall otherwise provide. In the absence of any member of any such committee, the members thereof present at any meeting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may appoint another director to act in the place of such absent member.

Section 4. Telephone Meetings.

Members of a committee of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or other communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.

 

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Section 5. Consent by Committees Without a Meeting.

Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of a committee of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if a consent in writing or by electronic transmission to such action is given by each member of the committee and is filed with the minutes of proceedings of such committee.

Section 6. Vacancies.

Subject to the provisions hereof, the Board of Directors shall have the power at any time to change the membership of any committee, to fill any vacancy, to designate an alternate member to replace any absent or disqualified member or to dissolve any such committee.

ARTICLE V

OFFICERS

Section 1. General Provisions.

The officers of the Corporation shall include a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer and may include a Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, a Chief Executive Officer, one or more Vice Presidents, a Chief Operating Officer, a Chief Financial Officer, one or more Assistant Secretaries and one or more Assistant Treasurers. In addition, the Board of Directors may from time to time elect such other officers with such powers and duties as it shall deem necessary or desirable. The officers of the Corporation shall be elected annually by the Board of Directors, except that the Chief Executive Officer or President may from time to time appoint one or more Vice Presidents, Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers or other officers. Each officer shall serve until his or her successor is elected and qualifies or until his or her death, or his or her resignation or removal in the manner hereinafter provided. Any two or more offices except President and Vice President may be held by the same person. Election of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights between the Corporation and such officer or agent.

Section 2. Removal and Resignation.

Any officer or agent of the Corporation may be removed, with or without cause, by the Board of Directors if in its judgment the best interests of the Corporation would be served thereby, but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Any officer of the Corporation may resign at any time by delivering his or her resignation to the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Secretary. Any resignation shall take effect immediately upon its receipt or at such later time specified in the resignation. The acceptance of a resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective unless otherwise stated in the resignation. Such resignation shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the Corporation.

 

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Section 3. Vacancies.

A vacancy in any office may be filled by the Board of Directors for the balance of the term.

Section 4. Chief Executive Officer.

The Board of Directors may designate a Chief Executive Officer. In the absence of such designation, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation. The Chief Executive Officer shall have general responsibility for implementation of the policies of the Corporation, as determined by the Board of Directors, and for the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of Chief Executive Officer and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.

Section 5. Chief Operating Officer.

The Board of Directors may designate a Chief Operating Officer. The Chief Operating Officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board of Directors or Chief Executive Officer.

Section 6. Chief Financial Officer.

The Board of Directors may designate a Chief Financial Officer. The Chief Financial Officer shall have the responsibilities and duties as set forth by the Board of Directors or Chief Executive Officer.

Section 7. Chairman of the Board of Directors.

The Board of Directors shall designate a Chairman of the Board of Directors, who shall not, solely by reason of these Bylaws, be an officer of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate the Chairman of the Board of Directors as an executive or non-executive chairman. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall preside over the meetings of the Board of Directors. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her by these Bylaws or the Board of Directors.

Section 8. President.

In the absence of a Chief Executive Officer, the President shall in general supervise and control all of the business and affairs of the Corporation. In the absence of a designation of a Chief Operating Officer by the Board of Directors, the President shall be the Chief Operating Officer. He or she may execute any deed, mortgage, bond, contract or other instrument, except in cases where the execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the Board of Directors or by these Bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation or shall be required by law to be otherwise executed; and in general shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors from time to time.

 

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Section 9. Vice Presidents.

In the absence of the President or in the event of a vacancy in such office, the Vice President (or in the event there be more than one Vice President, Vice Presidents in the order designated at the time of their election or, in the absence of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the duties of the President and when so acting shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President; and shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to such Vice President by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may designate one or more Vice Presidents as Executive Vice President, Senior Vice President or as Vice President for particular areas of responsibility.

Section 10. Secretary.

The Secretary shall (a) keep the minutes of the proceedings of the stockholders, the Board of Directors and committees of the Board of Directors in one or more books provided for that purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws or as required by law; (c) be custodian of the corporate records and of the seal of the Corporation; (d) keep a register of the post office address of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the Secretary by such stockholder; (e) have general charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation; and (f) in general perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board of Directors.

Section 11. Treasurer.

The Treasurer shall have the custody of the funds and securities of the Corporation, shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation, shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors and in general perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board of Directors. In the absence of a designation of a Chief Financial Officer by the Board of Directors, the Treasurer shall be the Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation.

The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the President and Board of Directors, at the regular meetings of the Board of Directors or whenever it may so require, an account of all his or her transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation.

Section 12. Assistant Secretaries; Assistant Treasurers.

The Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers, in general, shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to them by the Secretary or Treasurer, respectively, or by the Chief Executive Officer, the President or the Board of Directors.

 

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Section 13. Compensation.

The compensation of the officers shall be fixed from time to time by or under the authority of the Board of Directors and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such compensation by reason of the fact that he or she is also a director.

ARTICLE VI

CONTRACTS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS

Section 1. Contracts.

The Board of Directors may authorize any officer or agent to enter into any contract or to execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Any agreement, deed, mortgage, lease or other document shall be valid and binding upon the Corporation when duly authorized or ratified by action of the Board of Directors and executed by an authorized person.

Section 2. Checks and Drafts.

All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or agent of the Corporation in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.

Section 3. Deposits.

All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited or invested from time to time to the credit of the Corporation as the Board of Directors, the Chief Executive Officer, the President, the Chief Financial Officer or any other officer designated by the Board of Directors may determine.

ARTICLE VII

STOCK

Section 1. Certificates.

Except as may be otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, stockholders of the Corporation are not entitled to certificates representing the shares of stock held by them. In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock represented by certificates, such certificates shall be in such form as prescribed by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized officer, shall contain the statements and information required by the MGCL and shall be signed by the officers of the Corporation in the manner permitted by the MGCL. In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock without certificates, to the extent then required by the MGCL the Corporation shall provide to the record holders of such shares a written statement of the information required by the MGCL to be included on stock certificates. There shall be no differences in the rights and obligations of stockholders based on whether or not their shares are represented by certificates.

 

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Section 2. Transfers.

All transfers of shares of stock shall be made on the books of the Corporation or the books of the transfer agent of the Corporation, by the holder of the shares, in person or by his or her attorney, in such manner as the Board of Directors or any officer of the Corporation may prescribe and, if such shares are certificated, upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of certificates duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, the Corporation, or the transfer agent of the Corporation, shall issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction on its books. The issuance of a new certificate upon the transfer of certificated shares is subject to the determination of the Board of Directors that such shares shall no longer be represented by certificates. Upon the transfer of any uncertificated shares, to the extent then required by the MGCL, the Corporation shall provide to the record holders of such shares a written statement of the information required by the MGCL to be included on stock certificates.

The Corporation shall be entitled to treat the holder of record of any share of stock as the holder in fact thereof and, accordingly, shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise expressly provided by the laws of the State of Maryland. Notwithstanding the foregoing, transfers of shares of any class or series of stock will be subject in all respects to the Charter and all of the terms and conditions contained therein.

Section 3. Replacement Certificate.

Any officer of the Corporation may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued in place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the Corporation alleged to have been lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming the certificate to be lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated; provided, however, if such shares have ceased to be certificated, no new certificate shall be issued unless requested in writing by such stockholder and the Board of Directors has determined that such certificates may be issued. Unless otherwise determined by an officer of the Corporation, the owner of such lost, destroyed, stolen or mutilated certificate or certificates, or his or her legal representative, shall be required, as a condition precedent to the issuance of a new certificate or certificates, to give the Corporation a bond in such sums as it may direct as indemnity against any claim that may be made against the Corporation.

Section 4. Fixing of Record Date.

The Board of Directors may set, in advance, a record date for the purpose of determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or determining stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or the allotment of any other rights, or in order to make a determination of stockholders for any other proper purpose. Such date, in any case, shall not be prior to the close of business on the day the record date is fixed and shall be not more than ninety (90) days and, in the case of a meeting of stockholders, not less than ten (10) days, before the date on which the meeting or particular action requiring such determination of stockholders of record is to be held or taken.

 

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When a record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting of stockholders has been set as provided in this section, such record date shall continue to apply to the meeting if adjourned or postponed, except if the meeting is adjourned or postponed to a date more than 120 days after the record date originally fixed for the meeting, in which case a new record date for such meeting may be determined as set forth herein.

Section 5. Stock Ledger.

The Corporation shall maintain at its principal office or at the office of its counsel, accountants or transfer agent, an original or duplicate stock ledger containing the name and address of each stockholder and the number of shares of each class held by such stockholder.

Section 6. Fractional Stock; Issuance Of Units.

The Board of Directors may authorize the Corporation to issue fractional stock or authorize the issuance of scrip, all on such terms and under such conditions as it may determine. Notwithstanding any other provision of the Charter or these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may issue units consisting of different securities of the Corporation. Any security issued in a unit shall have the same characteristics as any identical securities issued by the Corporation, except that the Board of Directors may provide that for a specified period securities of the Corporation issued in such unit may be transferred on the books of the Corporation only in such unit.

ARTICLE VIII

ACCOUNTING YEAR

The Board of Directors shall have the power, from time to time, to fix the fiscal year of the Corporation by a duly adopted resolution.

ARTICLE IX

DISTRIBUTIONS

Section 1. Authorization.

Dividends and other distributions upon the stock of the Corporation may be authorized by the Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of law and the Charter. Dividends and other distributions may be paid in cash, property or stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of law and the Charter.

Section 2. Contingencies.

Before payment of any dividends or other distributions, there may be set aside out of any assets of the Corporation available for dividends or other distributions such sum or sums as the Board of Directors may from time to time, in its absolute discretion, think proper as a reserve fund for contingencies, for equalizing dividends, for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall determine, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.

 

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ARTICLE X

INVESTMENT POLICIES

Subject to the provisions of the Charter, the Board of Directors may from time to time adopt, amend, revise or terminate any policy or policies with respect to investments by the Corporation as it shall deem appropriate in its sole discretion.

ARTICLE XI

SEAL

Section 1. Seal.

The Board of Directors may authorize the adoption of a seal by the Corporation. The seal shall contain the name of the Corporation and the year of its incorporation, and the words “Incorporated Maryland.” The Board of Directors may authorize one or more duplicate seals and provide for the custody thereof.

Section 2. Affixing Seal.

Whenever the Corporation is permitted or required to affix its seal to a document, it shall be sufficient to meet the requirements of any law, rule or regulation relating to a seal to place the word “(SEAL)” adjacent to the signature of the person authorized to execute the document on behalf of the Corporation.

ARTICLE XII

INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCE OF EXPENSES

To the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect from time to time, the Corporation shall indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, shall pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (a) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Corporation and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (b) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner, trustee, member or manager of another corporation, real estate investment trust, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The rights to indemnification and advance of expenses provided by the Charter and these Bylaws shall vest immediately upon election of a director or officer. The Corporation may, with the approval of its Board of Directors, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to an individual who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (a) or (b) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation. The indemnification and payment or reimbursement of expenses provided in these Bylaws shall not be deemed exclusive of or limit in any way other rights to which any person seeking indemnification or payment or reimbursement of expenses may be or may become entitled under any bylaw, resolution, insurance, agreement or otherwise.

 

23


Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Article, nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the Charter or these Bylaws inconsistent with this Article, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding paragraph with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.

ARTICLE XIII

WAIVER OF NOTICE

Whenever any notice of a meeting is required to be given pursuant to the Charter or these Bylaws or pursuant to applicable law, a waiver thereof in writing or by electronic transmission, given by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any meeting need be set forth in the waiver of notice of such meeting, unless specifically required by statute. The attendance of any person at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where such person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting has not been lawfully called or convened.

ARTICLE XIV

AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS

The Board of Directors shall have the exclusive power to adopt, alter or repeal any provision of these Bylaws and to make new Bylaws; provided, however, that the affirmative vote of at least 75% of the votes entitled to be cast at a meeting of the holders of the outstanding Registrable Shares or the written or electronic consent of the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding Registrable Shares shall be required in order to amend or alter Article XV hereof.

ARTICLE XV

SPECIAL ELECTION MEETING

Section 1. Special Election Meeting Trigger.

Subject to the last sentence of this Section 1, if either: (i) a Registration Statement on Form S-11 or such other form under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, then available to the Corporation relating to Registrable Shares (as such term is defined in that certain Registration Rights Agreement, dated as of May 4, 2012, between the Corporation and FBR Capital Markets & Co. (the “ Registration Rights Agreement ”)) (the “ Shelf Registration Statement ”) has not been declared effective by the SEC and the Corporation has not completed an initial public offering of shares of common stock of the Corporation pursuant to a Registration Statement on Form S-11 or such other form under the Securities Act then available to the Corporation providing for the initial public offering of shares of common stock of the Corporation (the “ IPO Registration Statement ”), or (ii) shares of the Corporation’s common stock have not been listed

 

24


for trading on a national securities exchange, prior to October 29, 2013 (the “ Trigger Date ”), then a special meeting of stockholders shall be called in accordance with the provisions hereof (the “ Special Election Meeting ”); provided that the requirement to hold a Special Election Meeting may be waived or deferred upon the Company’s receipt of the consent, at a duly called meeting or by written or electronic consent, of the holders of at least 75% of the outstanding Registrable Shares (other than any Registrable Shares held by the Corporation’s “executive officers” (as that term is defined in Rule 3b-7 under the Exchange Act)). The Special Election Meeting shall occur as soon as possible following the Trigger Date but in no event more than 30 days after the Trigger Date.

If the Corporation has completed an initial public offering of shares of common stock of the Corporation pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement prior to October 29, 2013, then the Trigger Date shall be the date that is sixty days after the closing date of such initial public offering.

Section 2. Purposes of Meeting.

The Special Election Meeting shall be called solely for the purposes of: (a) considering and voting upon proposals to remove each then-serving director of the Corporation; and (b) electing such number of directors as there are then vacancies on the Board of Directors, including any vacancies created pursuant to this Article XV. The removal of any director pursuant to this Article XV shall be effective immediately upon the receipt of the final report by the officer presiding over the Special Election Meeting of the result of the vote on the proposal to remove any such director.

Section 3. Nominations.

Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors at the Special Election Meeting may only be made (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (b) upon receipt by the Corporation of written notice of holders of shares of the Corporation’s common stock entitled to cast, or direct the casting of, not less than 20% of all the votes entitled to be cast at the Special Election Meeting (the “ Holders ”) and containing the information specified by Section 4 of this Article XV and any other information required by these Bylaws in order to nominate an individual for election as a director of the Corporation. Each individual whose nomination is made in accordance with this Section 3 is hereinafter referred to as a “ Special Election Meeting Nominee .”

Section 4. Procedure for Stockholder Nominations.

For nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors to be properly brought before the Special Election Meeting pursuant to Section 3 of this Article XV, the Holders must have given notice thereof in writing to the Secretary not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the 10th calendar day after the Trigger Date. Such notice shall include each such proposed Special Election Meeting Nominee’s written consent to serve as a director, if elected, and shall specify:

(a) as to each proposed Special Election Meeting Nominee, the name, age, business address and residence address of such proposed Special Election Meeting Nominee and all other

 

25


information relating to such proposed Special Election Meeting Nominee that would be required, pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act (or any successor provision), to be disclosed in a contested solicitation of proxies with respect to the election of such individual as a director; and

(b) as to each Holder giving the notice, the class, series and number of all shares of common stock of the Corporation that are owned by such Holder, beneficially or of record.

Section 5. Notice.

Not less than 15 nor more than 25 days before the Special Election Meeting, the Secretary shall give to each stockholder entitled to vote at, or to receive notice of, such Special Election Meeting at such stockholder’s address as it appears in the records of the Corporation, notice in writing setting forth (i) the time and place of the Special Election Meeting, (ii) the purposes for which the Special Election Meeting has been called and (iii) the name of each Special Election Meeting Nominee.

Section 6. Conditions for Removal of Article XV.

Notwithstanding the restrictions set forth in Article XIV hereof, if (i) a Special Election Meeting has been called and has taken place in accordance with the provisions of this Article XV or (ii) (x) the Shelf Registration Statement has been declared effective or the Corporation has completed an initial public offering of its shares of common stock and (y) the shares of common stock of the Corporation have been listed for trading on a national securities exchange, then this Article XV shall have no further force or effect and shall be removed from these Bylaws without further action by the Board of Directors or the assent or vote of the stockholders of the Corporation.

 

26

Exhibit 3.3

AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

OF

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.

(a Delaware limited partnership)

Dated as of May 11, 2012


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

     Page  

ARTICLE I

  

DEFINED TERMS

     1   

ARTICLE II

  

FORMATION OF PARTNERSHIP

     10   

2.01

  

Formation of the Partnership

     10   

2.02

  

Name

     10   

2.03

  

Registered Office and Agent; Principal Office

     11   

2.04

  

Term and Dissolution

     11   

2.05

  

Filing of Certificate and Perfection of Limited Partnership

     12   

2.06

  

Certificates Describing Partnership Units

     12   

ARTICLE III

  

BUSINESS OF THE PARTNERSHIP

     12   

ARTICLE IV

  

CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACCOUNTS

     13   

4.01

  

Capital Contributions

     13   

4.02

  

Additional Capital Contributions and Issuances of Additional Partnership Units

     13   

4.03

  

Additional Funding

     16   

4.04

  

LTIP Units

     16   

4.05

  

Conversion of LTIP Units

     19   

4.06

  

Capital Accounts

     22   

4.07

  

Percentage Interests

     23   

4.08

  

No Interest on Contributions

     23   

4.09

  

Return of Capital Contributions

     23   

4.10

  

No Third-Party Beneficiary

     23   

ARTICLE V

  

PROFITS AND LOSSES; DISTRIBUTIONS

     24   

5.01

  

Allocation of Profit and Loss

     24   

5.02

  

Distribution of Cash

     26   

5.03

  

REIT Distribution Requirements

     27   

5.04

  

No Right to Distributions in Kind

     27   

5.05

  

Limitations on Return of Capital Contributions

     27   

5.06

  

Distributions Upon Liquidation

     27   

5.07

  

Substantial Economic Effect

     28   

ARTICLE VI

  

RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS AND POWERS OF THE GENERAL PARTNER

     28   

6.01

  

Management of the Partnership

     28   

6.02

  

Delegation of Authority

     31   

6.03

  

Indemnification and Exculpation of Indemnitees

     31   

6.04

  

Liability of the General Partner

     32   

6.05

  

Partnership Obligations

     33   

6.06

  

Outside Activities

     33   

6.07

  

Employment or Retention of Affiliates

     34   

6.08

  

ARP REIT’s Activities

     34   

6.09

  

Title to Partnership Assets

     34   

 

- i -


ARTICLE VII

  

CHANGES IN GENERAL PARTNER

     35   

7.01

  

Transfer of the General Partner’s Partnership Interest

     35   

7.02

  

Admission of a Substitute or Additional General Partner

     37   

7.03

  

Effect of Bankruptcy, Withdrawal, Death or Dissolution of General Partner

     37   

7.04

  

Removal of General Partner

     38   

ARTICLE VIII

  

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE LIMITED PARTNERS

     39   

8.01

  

Management of the Partnership

     39   

8.02

  

Power of Attorney

     39   

8.03

  

Limitation on Liability of Limited Partners

     39   

8.04

  

Redemption Right

     39   

8.05

  

Registration

     42   

ARTICLE IX

  

TRANSFERS OF PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS

     46   

9.01

  

Purchase for Investment

     46   

9.02

  

Restrictions on Transfer of Partnership Units

     46   

9.03

  

Admission of Substitute Limited Partner

     47   

9.04

  

Rights of Assignees of Partnership Units

     48   

9.05

  

Effect of Bankruptcy, Death, Incompetence or Termination of a Limited Partner

     48   

9.06

  

Joint Ownership of Partnership Units

     49   

ARTICLE X

  

BOOKS AND RECORDS; ACCOUNTING; TAX MATTERS

     49   

10.01

  

Books and Records

     49   

10.02

  

Custody of Partnership Funds; Bank Accounts

     49   

10.03

  

Fiscal and Taxable Year

     50   

10.04

  

Annual Tax Information and Report

     50   

10.05

  

Tax Matters Partner; Tax Elections; Special Basis Adjustments

     50   

ARTICLE XI

  

AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT; MERGER

     51   

11.01

  

Amendment of Agreement

     51   

11.02

  

Merger of Partnership

     52   

ARTICLE XII

  

GENERAL PROVISIONS

     52   

12.01

  

Notices

     52   

12.02

  

Survival of Rights

     52   

12.03

  

Additional Documents

     52   

12.04

  

Severability

     52   

12.05

  

Entire Agreement

     53   

12.06

  

Pronouns and Plurals

     53   

12.07

  

Headings

     53   

12.08

  

Counterparts

     53   

12.09

  

Governing Law

     53   

 

- ii -


EXHIBITS

EXHIBIT A - Partners, Capital Contributions and Percentage Interests

EXHIBIT B - Notice of Redemption

EXHIBIT C-1 - Certification of Non-Foreign Status (For Redeeming Limited Partners That Are Entities)

EXHIBIT C-2 - Certification of Non-Foreign Status (For Redeeming Limited Partners That Are Individuals)

EXHIBIT D - Notice of Election by Partner to Convert LTIP Units into Common Units

EXHIBIT E - Notice of Election by Partnership to Force Conversion of LTIP Units into Common Units

 

- iii -


AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP

OF

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.

THIS AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P., dated as of May 11, 2012, is made and entered into by and among American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, as the General Partner, and the Persons whose names are set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto, as the Limited Partners, together with any other Persons who become Partners in the Partnership as provided herein.

WHEREAS, a Certificate of Limited Partnership of the Partnership was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on April 9, 2012, with American Residential GP, LLC, as the General Partner;

WHEREAS, prior to the date hereof, the Partnership has not issued any Partnership Interests in the Partnership or admitted any Persons as Limited Partners of the Partnership;

WHEREAS, on the date hereof, the General Partner desires to admit the Persons whose names are set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto, as the Limited Partners of the Partnership; and

WHEREAS, on the date hereof, the General Partner desires to cause the Partnership to issue the Partnership Interests in the Partnership to the General Partner and the Limited Partners of the Partnership, as set forth on Exhibit A attached hereto.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

DEFINED TERMS

The following defined terms used in this Agreement shall have the meanings specified below:

Act ” means the Delaware Revised Uniform Limited Partnership Act, as it may be amended from time to time.

Additional Funds ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.03 hereof.

Additional Securities ” means any: (1) shares of capital stock of ARP REIT now or hereafter authorized or reclassified that have dividend rights, or rights upon liquidation, winding up and dissolution, that are superior or prior to the REIT Shares (“ Preferred Shares ”), (2) REIT Shares, (3) shares of capital stock of ARP REIT now or hereafter authorized or reclassified that have dividend rights, or rights upon liquidation, winding up and dissolution, that are junior in rank to the

 

- 1 -


REIT Shares (“ Junior Shares ”) and (4) (i) rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities having the right to subscribe for or purchase or otherwise acquire REIT Shares, Preferred Shares or Junior Shares, or (ii) indebtedness issued by ARP REIT that provides any of the rights described in clause (4)(i) of this definition (any such securities referred to in clause (4)(i) or (ii) of this definition, “ New Securities ”).

Adjustment Events ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.04(a)(i) hereof.

Administrative Expenses ” means (i) all administrative and operating costs and expenses incurred by the Partnership, (ii) administrative costs and expenses of the General Partner and ARP REIT, including any salaries or other payments to directors, officers or employees of the General Partner and ARP REIT, and any accounting and legal expenses of the General Partner and ARP REIT, which expenses, the Partners hereby agree, are expenses of the Partnership and not the General Partner and ARP REIT, and (iii) to the extent not included in clauses (i) or (ii) above, REIT Expenses; provided , that Administrative Expenses shall not include any administrative costs and expenses incurred by the General Partner and ARP REIT that are attributable to Properties or interests in a Subsidiary that are owned by the General Partner and ARP REIT other than through its ownership interest in the Partnership.

Affiliate ” means (i) any Person that, directly or indirectly, controls or is controlled by or is under common control with such Person, (ii) any other Person that owns, beneficially, directly or indirectly, 10% or more of the outstanding capital stock, shares or equity interests of such Person, or (iii) any officer, director, employee, partner, member, manager or trustee of such Person or any Person controlling, controlled by or under common control with such Person. For the purposes of this definition, “control” (including the correlative meanings of the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”), as used with respect to any Person, shall mean the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, through the ownership of voting securities or partnership interests, contract or otherwise.

Agreed Value ” means the fair market value of a Partner’s non-cash Capital Contribution as of the date of contribution as agreed to by such Partner and the General Partner. The names and addresses of the Partners, number of Partnership Units issued to each Partner, and the Agreed Value of non-cash Capital Contributions as of the date of contribution is set forth on Exhibit A , as it may be amended or restated from time to time.

Agreement ” means this Agreement of Limited Partnership of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., as it may be amended, supplemented or restated from time to time.

Articles ” means the Articles of Amendment and Restatement of ARP REIT filed with the State Department and Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland, as amended, supplemented or restated from time to time.

“ARP REIT” means American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC.

Board of Directors ” means the Board of Directors of ARP REIT.

Capital Account ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.06 hereof.

 

- 2 -


Capital Account Limitation ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.05(b) hereof.

Capital Contribution ” means the total amount of cash, cash equivalents and the Agreed Value of any Property or other asset contributed or agreed to be contributed, as the context requires, to the Partnership by each Partner pursuant to the terms of the Agreement. Any reference to the Capital Contribution of a Partner shall include the Capital Contribution made by a predecessor holder of the Partnership Interest of such Partner.

Cash Amount ” means an amount of cash per Common Unit equal to the Value of the REIT Shares Amount on the Specified Redemption Date divided by the number of Common Units tendered for redemption.

Certificate ” means any instrument or document that is required under the laws of the State of Delaware, or any other jurisdiction in which the Partnership conducts business, to be signed and sworn to by the Partners of the Partnership (either by themselves or pursuant to the power-of-attorney granted to the General Partner in Section 8.02 hereof) and filed for recording in the appropriate public offices within the State of Delaware or such other jurisdiction to perfect or maintain the Partnership as a limited partnership, to effect the admission, withdrawal or substitution of any Partner of the Partnership, or to protect the limited liability of the Limited Partners as limited partners under the laws of the State of Delaware or such other jurisdiction.

“Certificate of Formation” means the Certificate of Formation of the General Partner filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, as amended or supplemented from time to time.

“Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and as hereafter amended from time to time. Reference to any particular provision of the Code shall mean that provision in the Code at the date hereof and any successor provision of the Code.

“Commission” means the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.

Common Partnership Unit Distribution ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.04(a)(ii) hereof.

Common Unit ” means a Partnership Unit which is designated as a Common Unit of the Partnership.

Common Unit Economic Balance ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(g) hereof.

Common Unit Transaction ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.05(f) hereof.

Constituent Person ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.05(f) hereof.

Conversion Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.05(b) hereof.

Conversion Factor ” means a factor of 1.0, as adjusted as provided in this definition. The Conversion Factor will be adjusted in the event that ARP REIT (i) declares or pays a dividend on its outstanding REIT Shares in REIT Shares or makes a distribution to all holders of its outstanding REIT Shares in REIT Shares, (ii) subdivides its outstanding REIT Shares or (iii) combines its

 

- 3 -


outstanding REIT Shares into a smaller number of REIT Shares. In each of such events, the Conversion Factor shall be adjusted by multiplying the Conversion Factor by a fraction, the numerator of which shall be the number of REIT Shares issued and outstanding on the record date for such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination (assuming for such purposes that such dividend, distribution, subdivision or combination has occurred as of such time), and the denominator of which shall be the actual number of REIT Shares (determined without the above assumption) issued and outstanding on such date and; provided , that in the event that an entity other than an Affiliate of ARP REIT shall become General Partner pursuant to any merger, consolidation or combination of the General Partner or ARP REIT with or into another entity (the “ Successor Entity ”), the Conversion Factor shall be adjusted by multiplying the Conversion Factor by the number of shares of the Successor Entity into which one REIT Share is converted pursuant to such merger, consolidation or combination, determined as of the date of such merger, consolidation or combination. Any adjustment to the Conversion Factor shall become effective immediately after the effective date of such event retroactive to the record date, if any, for such event. If, however, the General Partner receives a Notice of Redemption after the record date, if any, but prior to the effective date of such event, the Conversion Factor shall be determined as if the General Partner had received the Notice of Redemption immediately prior to the record date for event. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no adjustment shall be made to the Conversion Factor if the number of outstanding Common Units is otherwise adjusted in the same manner and at the same time as the adjustment to the number of outstanding REIT Shares.

Conversion Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.05(b) hereof.

Conversion Right ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.05(a) hereof.

Defaulting Limited Partner ” means a Limited Partner that has failed to pay any amount owed to the Partnership under a Partnership Loan within 15 days after demand for payment thereof is made by the Partnership.

Distributable Amount ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.02(d) hereof.

Economic Capital Account Balances ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(g) hereof.

Equity Incentive Plan ” means any equity incentive or compensation plan hereafter adopted by the Partnership or ARP REIT.

Event of Bankruptcy ” as to any Person means (i) the filing of a petition for relief as to such Person as debtor or bankrupt under the U.S. Bankruptcy Code of 1978, as amended, or similar provision of law of any jurisdiction (except if such petition is contested by such Person and has been dismissed within 90 days); (ii) the insolvency or bankruptcy of such Person as finally determined by a court proceeding; (iii) the filing by such Person of a petition or application to accomplish the same or for the appointment of a receiver or a trustee for such Person or a substantial part of his assets; or (iv) the commencement of any proceedings relating to such Person as a debtor under any other reorganization, arrangement, insolvency, adjustment of debt or liquidation law of any jurisdiction, whether now in existence or hereinafter in effect, either by such Person or by another, provided that if such proceeding is commenced by another, such Person indicates his approval of such proceeding, consents thereto or acquiesces therein, or such proceeding is contested by such Person and has not been finally dismissed within 90 days.

 

- 4 -


Excepted Holder Limit ” has the meaning set forth in the Articles.

Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

Forced Conversion ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.05(c) hereof.

Forced Conversion Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.05(c) hereof.

General Partner ” means American Residential GP, LLC and its successors and assigns as a general partner of the Partnership, in each case, that is admitted from time to time to the Partnership as a general partner pursuant to the Act and this Agreement and is listed as a general partner on Exhibit A , as such Exhibit A may be amended from time to time, in such Person’s capacity as a general partner of the Partnership.

General Partner Loan ” means a loan extended by the General Partner to a Defaulting Limited Partner in the form of a payment on a Partnership Loan by the General Partner to the Partnership on behalf of the Defaulting Limited Partner.

General Partnership Interest ” means the Partnership Interest held by the General Partner in its capacity as the general partner of the Partnership, which Partnership Interest is an interest as a general partner under the Act. The General Partnership Interest will be a number of Common Units held by the General Partner equal to 0.1% of all outstanding Partnership Units. All other Partnership Units owned by the General Partner and any Partnership Units owned by any Affiliate or Subsidiary of the General Partner shall be considered to constitute a Limited Partnership Interest.

Indemnified Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.05(f) hereof.

Indemnifying Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.05(f) hereof.

Indemnitee ” means (i) any Person made a party to a proceeding by reason of its status as (A) the General Partner or (B) a director, officer or employee of ARP REIT, the General Partner or the Partnership or any Subsidiary thereof and (ii) such other Persons (including Affiliates of ARP REIT, the General Partner or the Partnership) as the General Partner may designate from time to time (whether before or after the event giving rise to potential liability), in its sole and absolute discretion.

Independent Director ” means a director of ARP REIT who meets the independence requirements of the NYSE as set forth from time to time.

Junior Shares ” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “Additional Securities.”

Limited Partner ” means any Person named as a Limited Partner on Exhibit A attached hereto, as it may be amended or restated from time to time, and any Person who becomes a Substitute Limited Partner or any additional Limited Partner, in such Person’s capacity as a Limited Partner in the Partnership.

 

- 5 -


Limited Partnership Interest ” means a Partnership Interest held by a Limited Partner at any particular time representing a fractional part of the Partnership Interest of all Limited Partners, and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such a Limited Partnership Interest may be entitled as provided in this Agreement and in the Act, together with the obligations of such Limited Partner to comply with all the provisions of this Agreement and of the Act. Limited Partnership Interests may be expressed as a number of Common Units, LTIP Units or other Partnership Units.

Liquidating Gains ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(g) hereof.

LTIP Unit ” means a Partnership Unit which is designated as an LTIP Unit and which has the rights, preferences and other privileges designated in Section 4.04 hereof and elsewhere in this Agreement in respect of holders of LTIP Units, including both vested LTIP Units and Unvested LTIP Units. The allocation of LTIP Units among the Partners shall be set forth on Exhibit A as it may be amended or restated from time to time.

LTIP Unitholder ” means a Partner that holds LTIP Units.

Loss ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(h) hereof.

Majority in Interest ” means Limited Partners holding more than 50% of the Percentage Interests of the Limited Partners.

New Securities ” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “Additional Securities”.

Notice of Redemption ” means the Notice of Redemption substantially in the form attached as Exhibit B hereto.

NYSE ” means the New York Stock Exchange.

Offer ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(c)(ii) hereof.

Offering ” means the underwritten initial public offering of REIT Shares.

Original Limited Partner ” has the meaning set forth in the Recitals of this Agreement.

Partner ” means any General Partner or Limited Partner, and “Partners” means the General Partner and the Limited Partners.

Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain ” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(i). A Partner’s share of Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain shall be determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(5).

Partnership ” means American Residential Properties, OP L.P., a limited partnership formed and continued under the Act and pursuant to this Agreement, and any successor thereto.

Partnership Interest ” means an ownership interest in the Partnership held by a Partner, and includes any and all benefits to which the holder of such a Partnership Interest may be entitled as provided in this Agreement, together with all obligations of such Person to comply with the terms and provisions of this Agreement. A Partnership Interest may be expressed as a number of Common Units, LTIP Units or other Partnership Units.

 

- 6 -


Partnership Loan ” means a loan from the Partnership to the Partner on the day the Partnership pays over the excess of the Withheld Amount over the Distributable Amount to a taxing authority.

Partnership Minimum Gain ” has the meaning set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(d). In accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(d), the amount of Partnership Minimum Gain is determined by first computing, for each Partnership nonrecourse liability, any gain the Partnership would realize if it disposed of the property subject to that liability for no consideration other than full satisfaction of the liability, and then aggregating the separately computed gains. A Partner’s share of Partnership Minimum Gain shall be determined in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(g)(1).

Partnership Record Date ” means the record date established by the General Partner for the distribution of cash pursuant to Section 5.02 hereof, which record date shall be the same as the record date established by ARP REIT for a distribution to its stockholders of some or all of its portion of such distribution.

Partnership Unit ” means a fractional, undivided share of the Partnership Interests of all Partners issued hereunder, and includes Common Units, LTIP Units and any other class or series of Partnership Units that may be established after the date hereof in accordance with the terms hereof. The number of Partnership Units outstanding and the Percentage Interests represented by such Partnership Units are set forth on Exhibit A hereto, as it may be amended or restated from time to time.

Partnership Unit Designation ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.02(a)(i) hereof.

Percentage Interest ” means the percentage determined by dividing the number of Common Units of a Partner by the sum of the number of Common Units of all Partners, treating LTIP Units, in accordance with Section 4.04(a), as Common Units for this purpose.

Person ” means any individual, partnership, corporation, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other entity.

Preferred Shares ” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “Additional Securities.”

Profit ” has the meaning set forth in Section 5.01(h) hereof.

Property ” means any property or other investment in which the Partnership, directly or indirectly, holds an ownership interest.

Redeeming Limited Partner ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.04(a) hereof.

Redemption Amount ” means either the Cash Amount or the REIT Shares Amount.

Redemption Right ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.04(a) hereof.

 

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Redemption Shares ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.05(a) hereof.

Regulations ” means the Federal Income Tax Regulations issued under the Code, as amended and as subsequently amended from time to time. Reference to any particular provision of the Regulations shall mean that provision of the Regulations on the date hereof and any successor provision of the Regulations.

REIT ” means a real estate investment trust under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code.

REIT Expenses ” means (i) costs and expenses relating to the formation and continuity of existence and operation of ARP REIT and any Subsidiaries thereof (which Subsidiaries shall, for purposes hereof, be included within the definition of ARP REIT), including taxes, fees and assessments associated therewith, any and all costs, expenses or fees payable to any director, officer or employee of ARP REIT, (ii) costs and expenses relating to any public offering and registration, or private offering, of securities by ARP REIT, and all statements, reports, fees and expenses incidental thereto, including, without limitation, underwriting discounts and selling commissions applicable to any such offering of securities, and any costs and expenses associated with any claims made by any holders of such securities or any underwriters or placement agents thereof, (iii) costs and expenses associated with any repurchase of any securities by ARP REIT, (iv) costs and expenses associated with the preparation and filing of any periodic or other reports and communications by ARP REIT under federal, state or local laws or regulations, including filings with the Commission, (v) costs and expenses associated with compliance by ARP REIT with laws, rules and regulations promulgated by any regulatory body, including the Commission and any securities exchange, (vi) costs and expenses associated with any health, dental, vision, disability, life insurance, 401(k) plan, incentive plan, bonus plan or other plan providing for compensation or benefits for the employees of ARP REIT, (vii) costs and expenses incurred by ARP REIT relating to any issuance or redemption of Partnership Interests and (viii) all other operating, administrative or financing costs of ARP REIT incurred in the ordinary course of its business on behalf of or related to the Partnership.

REIT Shares ” means shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of ARP REIT (or Successor Entity, as the case may be).

REIT Shares Amount ” means the number of REIT Shares equal to the product of (X) the number of Common Units offered for redemption by a Redeeming Limited Partner, multiplied by (Y) the Conversion Factor as adjusted to and including the Specified Redemption Date; provided that in the event ARP REIT issues to all holders of REIT Shares rights, options, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities entitling the holders of REIT Shares to subscribe for or purchase or otherwise acquire additional REIT Shares, or any other securities or property (collectively, the “ Rights ”), and such Rights have not expired at the Specified Redemption Date, then the REIT Shares Amount shall also include such Rights issuable to a holder of the REIT Shares Amount on the record date fixed for purposes of determining the holders of REIT Shares entitled to Rights.

Restriction Notice ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.04(g) hereof.

Rights ” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “REIT Shares Amount” herein.

Rule 144 ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.05(c) hereof.

 

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S-3 Eligible Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 8.05(a) hereof.

Safe Harbor Election ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.05(d) hereof.

Safe Harbor Interest ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.05(d) hereof.

Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

Service ” means the Internal Revenue Service.

Stock Ownership Limit ” has the meaning set forth in the Articles.

Specified Redemption Date ” means the first business day of the month that is at least 60 calendar days after the receipt by the General Partner of a Notice of Redemption.

Subsidiary ” means, with respect to any Person, any corporation or other entity of which a majority of (i) the voting power of the voting equity securities or (ii) the outstanding equity interests is owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person.

Subsidiary Partnership ” means any partnership or limited liability company in which the General Partner, ARP REIT, the Partnership, or a wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner, ARP REIT or the Partnership owns a partnership or limited liability company interest.

Substitute Limited Partner ” means any Person admitted to the Partnership as a Limited Partner pursuant to Section 9.03 hereof.

Successor Entity ” has the meaning set forth in the definition of “Conversion Factor” herein.

Survivor ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(d) hereof.

Tax Matters Partner ” has the meaning set forth within Section 6231(a)(7) of the Code.

Trading Day ” means a day on which the principal national securities exchange on which a security is listed or admitted to trading is open for the transaction of business or, if a security is not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, shall mean any day other than a Saturday, a Sunday or a day on which banking institutions in the State of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

Transaction ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.01(c) hereof.

Transfer ” has the meaning set forth in Section 9.02(a) hereof.

TRS ” means a taxable REIT subsidiary (as defined in Section 856(l) of the Code) of ARP REIT.

Unvested LTIP Units ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.04(c) hereof.

 

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Value ” means, with respect to any security, the average of the daily market prices of such security for the ten consecutive Trading Days immediately preceding the date of such valuation. The market price for each such Trading Day shall be: (i) if the security is listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or any other national securities exchange, the last reported sale price, regular way, on such day, or if no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, on such day, (ii) if the security is not listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or any other national securities exchange, the last reported sale price on such day or, if no sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices on such day, as reported by a reliable quotation source designated by ARP REIT, or (iii) if the security is not listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or any national securities exchange and no such last reported sale price or closing bid and asked prices are available, the average of the reported high bid and low asked prices on such day, as reported by a reliable quotation source designated by ARP REIT, or if there shall be no bid and asked prices on such day, the average of the high bid and low asked prices, as so reported, on the most recent day (not more than ten days prior to the date in question) for which prices have been so reported; provided that if there are no bid and asked prices reported during the ten days prior to the date in question, the value of the security shall be determined by the Board of Directors acting in good faith on the basis of such quotations and other information as it considers, in its reasonable judgment, appropriate. In the event the security includes any additional rights (including any Rights), then the value of such rights shall be determined by the Board of Directors acting in good faith on the basis of such quotations and other information as it considers, in its reasonable judgment, appropriate.

Vested LTIP Units ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.04(c) hereof.

Vesting Agreement ” means each or any, as the context implies, agreement or instrument entered into by an LTIP Unitholder upon acceptance of an award of LTIP Units under an Equity Incentive Plan.

Withheld Amount ” means any amount required to be withheld by the Partnership to pay over to any taxing authority as a result of any allocation or distribution of income to a Partner.

ARTICLE II

FORMATION OF PARTNERSHIP

2.01 Formation of the Partnership . The Partnership was formed as a limited partnership pursuant to the provisions of the Act and is continued upon the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement. Except as expressly provided herein to the contrary, the rights and obligations of the Partners and administration and termination of the Partnership shall be governed by the Act. The Partnership Interest of each Partner shall be personal property for all purposes.

2.02 Name . The Name of the Partnership shall be “American Residential Properties OP, L.P.” and the Partnership’s business may be conducted under any other name or names deemed advisable by the General Partner, including the name of the General Partner or any Affiliate thereof. The words “Limited Partnership,” “LP,” “L.P.” or “Ltd.” or similar words or letters shall be included in the Partnership’s name where necessary for the purposes of complying with the laws of any jurisdiction that so requires. The General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion may change the

 

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name of the Partnership at any time and from time to time and shall notify the Partners of such change in the next regular communication to the Partners; provided , failure to so notify the Partners shall not invalidate such change or the authority granted hereunder.

2.03 Registered Office and Agent; Principal Office . The registered office of the Partnership in the State of Delaware is located at 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, Wilmington, Delaware 19808, and the registered agent for service of process on the Partnership in the State of Delaware at such registered office is Corporation Service Company, a Delaware corporation. The principal office of the Partnership is located at 7033 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 210, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254, or such other place as the General Partner may from time to time designate. Upon such a change of the principal office of the Partnership, the General Partner shall notify the Partners of such change in the next regular communication to the Partners; provided , failure to so notify the Partners shall not invalidate such change or the authority granted hereunder. The Partnership may maintain offices at such other place or places within or outside the State of Delaware as the General Partner deems necessary or desirable.

2.04 Term and Dissolution .

(a) The term of the Partnership shall continue in full force and effect until dissolved upon the first to occur of any of the following events:

(i) the occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to a General Partner or the dissolution, death, removal or withdrawal of a General Partner unless the business of the Partnership is continued pursuant to Section 7.03(b) hereof; provided that if a General Partner is on the date of such occurrence a partnership, the dissolution of such General Partner as a result of the dissolution, death, withdrawal, removal or Event of Bankruptcy of a partner in such partnership shall not be an event of dissolution of the Partnership if the business of such General Partner is continued by the remaining partner or partners, either alone or with additional partners, and such General Partner and such partners comply with any other applicable requirements of this Agreement;

(ii) the passage of 90 days after the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Partnership ( provided that if the Partnership receives an installment obligation as consideration for such sale or other disposition, the Partnership shall continue, unless sooner dissolved under the provisions of this Agreement, until such time as such installment obligations are paid in full);

(iii) the redemption of all Limited Partnership Interests (other than any Limited Partnership Interests held by the General Partner), unless the General Partner determines to continue the term of the Partnership by the admission of one or more additional Limited Partners; or

(iv) the dissolution of the Partnership upon election by the General Partner.

(b) Upon dissolution of the Partnership (unless the business of the Partnership is continued pursuant to Section 7.03(b) hereof), the General Partner (or its trustee, receiver, successor or legal representative) shall amend or cancel the Certificate and liquidate the Partnership’s assets and apply and distribute the proceeds thereof in accordance with Section 5.06 hereof.

 

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, the liquidating General Partner may either (i) defer liquidation of, or withhold from distribution for a reasonable time, any assets of the Partnership (including those necessary to satisfy the Partnership’s debts and obligations), or (ii) distribute the assets to the Partners in kind.

2.05 Filing of Certificate and Perfection of Limited Partnership . The General Partner shall execute, acknowledge, record and file at the expense of the Partnership the Certificate and any and all amendments thereto and all requisite fictitious name statements and notices in such places and jurisdictions as may be necessary to cause the Partnership to be treated as a limited partnership under, and otherwise to comply with, the laws of each state or other jurisdiction in which the Partnership conducts business.

2.06 Certificates Describing Partnership Units . At the request of a Limited Partner, the General Partner, at its option, may issue a certificate summarizing the terms of such Limited Partner’s interest in the Partnership, including the class or series and number of Partnership Units owned and the Percentage Interest represented by such Partnership Units as of the date of such certificate. Any such certificate (i) shall be in form and substance as determined by the General Partner, (ii) shall not be negotiable and (iii) shall bear a legend to the following effect:

THIS CERTIFICATE IS NOT NEGOTIABLE. THE PARTNERSHIP UNITS REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE ARE GOVERNED BY AND TRANSFERABLE ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH (A) THE PROVISIONS OF THE AGREEMENT OF LIMITED PARTNERSHIP OF AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P., AS AMENDED, SUPPLEMENTED OR RESTATED FROM TIME TO TIME, AND (B) ANY APPLICABLE FEDERAL OR STATE SECURITIES OR BLUE SKY LAWS.

ARTICLE III

BUSINESS OF THE PARTNERSHIP

The purpose and nature of the business to be conducted by the Partnership is (i) to conduct any business that may be lawfully conducted by a limited partnership organized pursuant to the Act, provided , that such business shall be limited to and conducted in such a manner as to permit the ARP REIT at all times to qualify as a REIT, unless ARP REIT otherwise shall have ceased to, or the Board of Directors determines, pursuant to Section 5.7 of the Articles, that ARP REIT shall no longer, qualify as a REIT, (ii) to enter into any partnership, joint venture or other similar arrangement to engage in any of the foregoing or the ownership of interests in any entity engaged in any of the foregoing and (iii) to do anything necessary or incidental to the foregoing. In connection with the foregoing, and without limiting ARP REIT’s right in its sole and absolute discretion to cease qualifying as a REIT, the Partners acknowledge the status of ARP REIT as a REIT and the avoidance of income and excise taxes on ARP REIT inures to the benefit of all the Partners and not solely to the General Partner or its Affiliates. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Limited Partners agree that ARP REIT may terminate or revoke its status as a REIT under the Code at any time. ARP REIT shall also be empowered to do any and all acts and things necessary or prudent to ensure that the Partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” taxable as a corporation for purposes of Section 7704 of the Code.

 

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ARTICLE IV

CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACCOUNTS

4.01 Capital Contributions . The General Partner and each Limited Partner has made or is deemed to have made a capital contribution to the Partnership in exchange for the Partnership Units set forth opposite such Partner’s name on Exhibit A hereto, as it may be amended or restated from time to time by the General Partner to the extent necessary to reflect accurately sales, exchanges or other Transfers, redemptions, Capital Contributions, the issuance of additional Partnership Units or similar events having an effect on a Partner’s ownership of Partnership Units.

4.02 Additional Capital Contributions and Issuances of Additional Partnership Units . Except as provided in this Section 4.02 or in Section 4.03 hereof, the Partners shall have no right or obligation to make any additional Capital Contributions or loans to the Partnership. The General Partner may contribute additional capital to the Partnership, from time to time, and receive additional Partnership Interests, in the form of Partnership Units, in respect thereof, in the manner contemplated in this Section 4.02.

(a) Issuances of Additional Partnership Units .

(i) General . As of the effective date of this Agreement, the Partnership shall have two classes of Partnership Units, entitled “Common Units” and “LTIP Units.” The General Partner is hereby authorized to cause the Partnership to issue such additional Partnership Interests, in the form of Partnership Units, for any Partnership purpose at any time or from time to time to the Partners (including the General Partner) or to other Persons for such consideration and on such terms and conditions as shall be established by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion, all without the approval of any Limited Partners. The General Partner’s determination that consideration is adequate shall be conclusive insofar as the adequacy of consideration relates to whether the Partnership Units are validly issued and fully paid. Any additional Partnership Units issued thereby may be issued in one or more classes, or one or more series of any of such classes, with such designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, powers and duties, including rights, powers and duties senior to the then-outstanding Partnership Units held by the Limited Partners, all as shall be determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion and without the approval of any Limited Partner, subject to Delaware law that cannot be preempted by the terms hereof and as set forth in a written document hereafter attached to and made an exhibit to this Agreement (each, a “Partnership Unit Designation”), including, without limitation, (i) the allocations of items of Partnership income, gain, loss, deduction and credit to each such class or series of Partnership Units; (ii) the right of each such class or series of Partnership Units to share in Partnership distributions; and (iii) the rights of each such class or series of Partnership Units upon dissolution and liquidation of the Partnership; provided , that no additional Partnership Units shall be issued to the General Partner or ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) unless:

(1) (A) the additional Partnership Units are issued in connection with an issuance of REIT Shares or other capital stock of, or other interests in, ARP REIT, which REIT Shares, capital stock or other interests have designations, preferences and other rights, all such that the economic interests are substantially similar to the designations, preferences and other rights of the additional Partnership Units issued to the General Partner or ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) by the Partnership in accordance with this Section 4.02 and (B) the General Partner or ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) shall make a Capital Contribution to the Partnership in an amount equal to the cash consideration received by ARP REIT from the issuance of such REIT Shares, capital stock or other interests in ARP REIT;

 

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(2) the additional Partnership Units are issued in connection with an issuance of REIT Shares or other capital stock of, or other interests in, ARP REIT pursuant to a taxable share dividend declared by ARP REIT, which REIT Shares, capital stock or interests have designations, preferences and other rights, all such that the economic interests are substantially similar to the designations, preferences and other rights of the additional Partnership Units issued to the General Partner or ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) by the Partnership in accordance with this Section 4.02, provided that (A) if ARP REIT allows the holders of its REIT Shares to elect whether to receive such dividend in REIT Shares or other capital stock of, or other interests in ARP REIT or cash, the Partnership will give the Limited Partners (excluding the General Partner, ARP REIT or any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) the same election to elect to receive (I) Partnership Units or cash or, (II) at the election of ARP REIT, REIT Shares, capital stock or other interests in ARP REIT or cash, and (B) if the Partnership issues additional Partnership Units pursuant to this Section 4.02(a)(i)(2), then an amount of income equal to the value of the Partnership Units received will be allocated to those holders of Common Units that elect to receive additional Partnership Units;

(3) the additional Partnership Units are issued in exchange for property owned by the General Partner or ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) with a fair market value, as determined by the General Partner, in good faith, equal to the value of the Partnership Units; or

(4) the additional Partnership Units are issued to all Partners in proportion to their respective Percentage Interests.

Without limiting the foregoing, the General Partner is expressly authorized to cause the Partnership to issue Partnership Units for less than fair market value, so long as the General Partner concludes in good faith that such issuance is in the best interests of the General Partner and the Partnership. Upon the issuance of any additional Partnership Units, the General Partner shall amend Exhibit A as appropriate to reflect such issuance.

 

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(ii) Upon Issuance of Additional Securities . ARP REIT shall not issue any Additional Securities (other than REIT Shares issued in connection with an exchange pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof or REIT Shares or other capital stock of or other interests in ARP REIT issued in connection with a taxable stock dividend as described in Section 4.02(a)(i)(2) hereof) or any transaction that would cause an adjustment to the Conversion Factor or Rights other than to all holders of REIT Shares, Preferred Shares, Junior Shares or New Securities, as the case may be, unless (A) the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to issue to the General Partner or ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) Partnership Units or Rights having designations, preferences and other rights, all such that the economic interests are substantially similar to those of the Additional Securities, and (B) ARP REIT, directly or through the General Partner (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or another direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of ARP REIT) contributes the proceeds from the issuance of such Additional Securities and from any exercise of Rights contained in such Additional Securities to the Partnership; provided , that ARP REIT is allowed to issue Additional Securities in connection with an acquisition of Property to be held directly by ARP REIT, but if and only if, such direct acquisition and issuance of Additional Securities have been approved by a majority of the Independent Directors. Without limiting the foregoing, ARP REIT is expressly authorized to issue Additional Securities for less than fair market value, and the General Partner is authorized to cause the Partnership to issue to the General Partner or ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) corresponding Partnership Units, so long as (x) the General Partner concludes in good faith that such issuance is in the best interests of ARP REIT and the Partnership and (y) ARP REIT, directly or through the General Partner (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or another direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of ARP REIT) contributes all proceeds from such issuance to the Partnership, including without limitation, the issuance of REIT Shares and corresponding Partnership Units pursuant to a stock purchase plan providing for purchases of REIT Shares at a discount from fair market value or pursuant to stock awards, including stock options that have an exercise price that is less than the fair market value of the REIT Shares, either at the time of issuance or at the time of exercise, and restricted or other stock awards approved by the Board of Directors. For example, in the event ARP REIT issues REIT Shares for a cash purchase price and ARP REIT, directly or through the General Partner (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or another direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of ARP REIT) contributes all of the proceeds of such issuance to the Partnership as required hereunder, the General Partner or ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) shall be issued a number of additional Partnership Units equal to the product of (A) the number of such REIT Shares issued by ARP REIT, the proceeds of which were so contributed, multiplied by (B) a fraction, the numerator of which is 100%, and the denominator of which is the Conversion Factor in effect on the date of such contribution.

(b) Certain Contributions of Proceeds of Issuance of REIT Shares . In connection with any and all issuances of REIT Shares, ARP REIT, directly or through the General Partner (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or another direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of ARP REIT) shall make Capital Contributions to the Partnership of the proceeds therefrom, provided that if the proceeds actually received and contributed by ARP REIT,

 

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directly or through the General Partner (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or another direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of ARP REIT) are less than the gross proceeds of such issuance as a result of any underwriter’s discount, commissions, placement fees or other expenses paid or incurred in connection with such issuance, then ARP REIT, directly or through the General Partner (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or another direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of ARP REIT) shall be deemed to have made a Capital Contribution to the Partnership in the amount equal to the sum of the net proceeds of such issuance plus the amount of such underwriter’s discount, commissions, placement fees or other expenses paid by ARP REIT, and the Partnership shall be deemed simultaneously to have reimbursed such discount, commissions, placement fees and expenses as an Administrative Expense for the benefit of the Partnership for purposes of Section 6.05(b) hereof.

(c) Repurchases of ARP REIT Securities . If ARP REIT shall repurchase shares of any class or series of its capital stock, the purchase price thereof and all costs incurred in connection with such repurchase shall be reimbursed to ARP REIT by the Partnership pursuant to Section 6.05 hereof and the General Partner shall cause the Partnership to redeem an equivalent number of Partnership Units of the appropriate class or series held by ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of ARP REIT) (which, in the case of REIT Shares, shall be a number equal to the quotient of the number of such REIT Shares divided by the Conversion Factor).

4.03 Additional Funding . If the General Partner determines that it is in the best interests of the Partnership to provide for additional Partnership funds (“ Additional Funds ”) for any Partnership purpose, the General Partner may (i) cause the Partnership to obtain such funds from outside borrowings, or (ii) elect to have the General Partner or any of its Affiliates provide such Additional Funds to the Partnership through loans or otherwise.

4.04 LTIP Units .

(a) Issuance of LTIP Units . Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, the General Partner may from time to time issue LTIP Units to Persons who provide services to or for the benefit of the Partnership, the General Partner or ARP REIT for such consideration as the General Partner may determine to be appropriate, and admit such Persons as Limited Partners. Subject to the following provisions of this Section 4.04 and the special provisions of Section 4.05 and Section 5.01(g) hereof, LTIP Units shall be treated as Common Units, with all of the rights, privileges and obligations attendant thereto. For purposes of computing the Partners’ Percentage Interests, holders of LTIP Units shall be treated as Common Unit holders and LTIP Units shall be treated as Common Units. In particular, the Partnership shall maintain at all times a one-to-one correspondence between LTIP Units and Common Units for conversion, distribution and other purposes, including, without limitation, complying with the following procedures:

(i) If an Adjustment Event (as defined below) occurs, then the General Partner shall make a corresponding adjustment to the LTIP Units to maintain a one-for-one conversion and economic equivalence ratio between Common Units and LTIP Units. The following shall be “ Adjustment Events ”: (A) the Partnership makes a distribution on all outstanding Common Units in Partnership Units, (B) the Partnership subdivides the outstanding Common Units into a greater number of units or combines the outstanding Common Units into a smaller number of units, or (C) the Partnership issues any Partnership

 

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Units in exchange for its outstanding Common Units by way of a reclassification or recapitalization of its Common Units. If more than one Adjustment Event occurs, the adjustment to the LTIP Units need be made only once using a single formula that takes into account each and every Adjustment Event as if all Adjustment Events occurred simultaneously. For the avoidance of doubt, the following shall not be Adjustment Events: (x) the issuance of Partnership Units in a financing, reorganization, acquisition or other similar business Common Unit Transaction, (y) the issuance of Partnership Units pursuant to any employee benefit or compensation plan or distribution reinvestment plan or (z) the issuance of any Partnership Units to the General Partner or ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) in respect of a capital contribution to the Partnership of proceeds from the sale of Additional Securities by ARP REIT. If the Partnership takes an action affecting the Common Units other than actions specifically described above as “Adjustment Events” and in the opinion of the General Partner such action would require an adjustment to the LTIP Units to maintain the one-to-one correspondence described above, the General Partner shall have the right to make such adjustment to the LTIP Units, to the extent permitted by law and by any Equity Incentive Plan and Vesting Agreement, in such manner and at such time as the General Partner, in its sole discretion, may determine to be appropriate under the circumstances. If an adjustment is made to the LTIP Units, as herein provided, the Partnership shall promptly file in the books and records of the Partnership an officer’s certificate setting forth such adjustment and a brief statement of the facts requiring such adjustment, which certificate shall be conclusive evidence of the correctness of such adjustment absent manifest error. Promptly after filing of such certificate, the Partnership shall deliver a notice to each LTIP Unitholder setting forth the adjustment to his or her LTIP Units and the effective date of such adjustment; provided , the failure to deliver such notice shall not invalidate the adjustment or the authority granted hereunder, and

(ii) The LTIP Unitholders shall, when, as and if authorized and declared by the General Partner out of assets legally available for that purpose, be entitled to receive distributions in an amount per LTIP Unit equal to the distributions per Common Unit (the “ Common Partnership Unit Distribution ”), paid to holders of Common Units on such Partnership Record Date established by the General Partner with respect to such distribution; provided , that distributions of assets on liquidation, dissolution or winding up shall be made solely in accordance with the Partners’ positive Capital Account balances as provided in Section 5.06(a). So long as any LTIP Units are outstanding, no distributions (whether in cash or in kind) shall be authorized, declared or paid on Common Units, unless equal distributions have been or contemporaneously are authorized, declared and paid on the LTIP Units; provided , that distributions of assets on liquidation, dissolution or winding up shall be made solely in accordance with the Partners’ positive Capital Account balances as provided in Section 5.06(a).

(b) Priority . Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.04, the special provisions of Section 4.05 and Section 5.01(g) hereof and any Vesting Agreement, the LTIP Units shall rank pari passu with the Common Units as to the payment of regular and special periodic or other distributions; provided , that distributions of assets on liquidation, dissolution or winding up shall be made solely in accordance with the Partners’ positive Capital Account balances as provided in Section 5.06(a). As to the payment of distributions and as to distribution of assets upon liquidation,

 

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dissolution or winding up, any class or series of Partnership Units which by its terms specifies that it shall rank junior to, on a parity with, or senior to the Common Units shall also rank junior to, or pari passu with, or senior to, as the case may be, the LTIP Units; provided , that distributions of assets on liquidation, dissolution or winding up shall be made solely in accordance with the Partners’ positive Capital Account balances as provided in Section 5.06(a). Subject to the terms of any Vesting Agreement, an LTIP Unitholder shall be entitled to transfer his or her LTIP Units to the same extent, and subject to the same restrictions as holders of Common Units are entitled to transfer their Common Units pursuant to Article IX.

(c) Special Provisions . LTIP Units shall be subject to the following special provisions:

(i) Vesting Agreements . LTIP Units may, in the sole discretion of the General Partner, be issued subject to vesting, forfeiture and additional restrictions on transfer pursuant to the terms of a Vesting Agreement. The terms of any Vesting Agreement may be modified by the General Partner from time to time in its sole discretion, subject to any restrictions on amendment imposed by the relevant Vesting Agreement or by the Equity Incentive Plan, if applicable. LTIP Units that have vested under the terms of a Vesting Agreement are referred to as “ Vested LTIP Units ”; all other LTIP Units shall be treated as “ Unvested LTIP Units .” Upon grant, the grantee of any LTIP Unit shall be treated as a Partner for all purposes. The Partners acknowledge that the liquidation value of each LTIP Unit shall be zero upon grant, the amount equal to the zero Capital Account balance of such LTIP Unit upon grant, for all purposes (including Section 10.05(d)).

(ii) Forfeiture . Unless otherwise specified in the Vesting Agreement, upon the occurrence of any event specified in a Vesting Agreement as resulting in either the right of the Partnership or the General Partner to repurchase LTIP Units at a specified purchase price or some other forfeiture of any LTIP Units, then if the Partnership or the General Partner exercises such right to repurchase or forfeiture in accordance with the applicable Vesting Agreement, the relevant LTIP Units shall immediately, and without any further action, be treated as cancelled and no longer outstanding for any purpose. Unless otherwise specified in the Vesting Agreement, no consideration or other payment shall be due with respect to any LTIP Units that have been forfeited, other than any distributions declared with respect to a Partnership Record Date prior to the effective date of the forfeiture. In connection with any repurchase or forfeiture of LTIP Units, the balance of the portion of the Capital Account of the LTIP Unitholder that is attributable to all of his or her LTIP Units shall be reduced by the amount, if any, by which it exceeds the product of (A) the balance of the LTIP Unitholder’s Capital Account attributable to all of the LTIP Units held prior to the repurchase or forfeiture and (B) the quotient obtained by dividing (x) the number of LTIP Units, if any, held by the LTIP Unitholder after the repurchase or forfeiture and (y) the number of LTIP Units held by the LTIP Unitholder prior to the repurchase or forfeiture.

(iii) Allocations . LTIP Unitholders shall be entitled to certain special allocations of gain under Section 5.01(g) hereof.

 

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(iv) Redemption . The Redemption Right provided to Limited Partners under Section 8.04 hereof shall not apply with respect to LTIP Units unless and until they are converted to Common Units as provided in clause (v) below and Section 4.05 hereof.

(v) Conversion to Common Units . Vested LTIP Units are eligible to be converted into Common Units in accordance with Section 4.05 hereof.

(d) Voting . LTIP Unitholders shall (a) have the same voting rights as the holders of Common Units, with all Vested LTIP Units and Unvested LTIP Units voting as a single class with the Common Units and having one vote per LTIP Unit; and (b) have the additional voting rights that are expressly set forth below. So long as any LTIP Units remain outstanding, the Partnership shall not, without the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the LTIP Units (Vested LTIP Units and Unvested LTIP Units) outstanding at the time, given in person or by proxy, either in writing or at a meeting (voting separately as a class), amend, alter or repeal, whether by merger, consolidation or otherwise, the provisions of this Agreement applicable to LTIP Units so as to materially and adversely affect (as determined in good faith by the General Partner) any right, privilege or voting power of the LTIP Units or the LTIP Unitholders as such, unless such amendment, alteration, or repeal affects equally, ratably and proportionately the rights, privileges and voting powers of the holders of Common Units; but subject, in any event, to the following provisions:

(i) With respect to any Common Unit Transaction, so long as the LTIP Units are treated in accordance with Section 4.05(f) hereof, the consummation of such Common Unit Transaction shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting powers of the LTIP Units or the LTIP Unitholders as such; and

(ii) Any creation or issuance of any Partnership Units or of any class or series of Partnership Interest including without limitation additional Common Units or LTIP Units, whether ranking senior to, junior to, or on a parity with the LTIP Units with respect to distributions and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting powers of the LTIP Units or the LTIP Unitholders as such.

The foregoing voting provisions will not apply if, at or prior to the time when the act with respect to which such vote would otherwise be required will be effected, all outstanding LTIP Units shall have been converted into Common Units.

4.05 Conversion of LTIP Units .

(a) Subject to the provisions of this Section 4.05, an LTIP Unitholder shall have the right (the “ Conversion Right ”), at such holder’s option, at any time to convert all or a portion of such holder’s Vested LTIP Units into Common Units; provided , that a holder may not exercise the Conversion Right for less than 1,000 Vested LTIP Units or, if such holder holds less than 1,000 Vested LTIP Units, all of the Vested LTIP Units held by such holder. LTIP Unitholders shall not have the right to convert Unvested LTIP Units into Common Units until they become Vested LTIP Units; provided , that when an LTIP Unitholder is notified of the expected occurrence of an event that will cause such LTIP Unitholder’s Unvested LTIP Units to become Vested LTIP Units, such

 

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LTIP Unitholder may give the Partnership a Conversion Notice conditioned upon and effective as of the time of vesting and such Conversion Notice, unless subsequently revoked by the LTIP Unitholder, shall be accepted by the Partnership subject to such condition. The General Partner shall have the right at any time to cause a conversion of Vested LTIP Units into Common Units. In all cases, the conversion of any LTIP Units into Common Units shall be subject to the conditions and procedures set forth in this Section 4.05.

(b) A holder of Vested LTIP Units may convert such LTIP Units into an equal number of fully paid and non-assessable Common Units, giving effect to all adjustments (if any) made pursuant to Section 4.04 hereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may a holder of Vested LTIP Units convert a number of Vested LTIP Units that exceeds (x) the Economic Capital Account Balance of such Limited Partner, to the extent attributable to its ownership of LTIP Units, divided by (y) the Common Unit Economic Balance, in each case as determined as of the effective date of conversion (the “ Capital Account Limitation ”).

In order to exercise the Conversion Right, an LTIP Unitholder shall deliver a notice (a “ Conversion Notice ”) in the form attached as Exhibit D to the Partnership (with a copy to the General Partner) not less than ten nor more than 60 days prior to a date (the “ Conversion Date ”) specified in such Conversion Notice; provided , that if the General Partner has not given to the LTIP Unitholders notice of a proposed or upcoming Common Unit Transaction at least 30 days prior to the effective date of such Common Unit Transaction, then LTIP Unitholders shall have the right to deliver a Conversion Notice until the earlier of (x) the tenth day after such notice from the General Partner of a Common Unit Transaction or (y) the third Trading Day immediately preceding the effective date of such Common Unit Transaction. A Conversion Notice shall be provided in the manner provided in Section 12.01 hereof. Each LTIP Unitholder covenants and agrees with the Partnership that all Vested LTIP Units to be converted pursuant to this Section 4.05(b) shall be free and clear of all liens. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, a holder of LTIP Units may deliver a Notice of Redemption pursuant to Section 8.04(a) hereof relating to those Common Units that will be issued to such holder upon conversion of such LTIP Units into Common Units in advance of the Conversion Date; provided , that the redemption of such Common Units by the Partnership shall in no event take place until after the Conversion Date. For clarity, it is noted that the objective of this paragraph is to put an LTIP Unitholder in a position where, if such holder so wishes, the Common Units into which such holder’s Vested LTIP Units will be converted can be tendered to the Partnership for redemption simultaneously with such conversion, with the further consequence that, if ARP REIT elects to assume the Partnership’s redemption obligation with respect to such Common Units under Section 8.04(b) hereof by delivering to such holder the REIT Shares Amount, then such holder can have the REIT Shares Amount issued to such holder simultaneously with the conversion of such holder’s Vested LTIP Units into Common Units. The General Partner and LTIP Unitholder shall reasonably cooperate with each other to coordinate the timing of the events described in the foregoing sentence.

(c) The Partnership, at any time at the election of the General Partner, may cause any number of Vested LTIP Units held by an LTIP Unitholder to be converted (a “ Forced Conversion ”) into an equal number of Common Units, giving effect to all adjustments (if any) made pursuant to Section 4.04 hereof; provided , that the Partnership may not cause Forced Conversion of any LTIP Units that would not at the time be eligible for conversion at the option of such LTIP Unitholder pursuant to Section 4.05(b) hereof. In order to exercise its right of Forced Conversion,

 

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the Partnership shall deliver a notice (a “ Forced Conversion Notice ”) in the form attached as Exhibit E to the applicable LTIP Unitholder not less than ten nor more than 60 days prior to the Conversion Date specified in such Forced Conversion Notice. A Forced Conversion Notice shall be provided in the manner provided in Section 12.01 hereof and shall be revocable by the General Partner at any time prior to the Forced Conversion.

(d) A conversion of Vested LTIP Units for which the holder thereof has given a Conversion Notice or the Partnership has given a Forced Conversion Notice shall occur automatically after the close of business on the applicable Conversion Date without any action on the part of such LTIP Unitholder, as of which time such LTIP Unitholder shall be credited on the books and records of the Partnership with the issuance as of the opening of business on the next day of the number of Common Units issuable upon such conversion. After the conversion of LTIP Units as aforesaid, the Partnership shall deliver to such LTIP Unitholder, upon his or her written request, a certificate of the General Partner certifying the number of Common Units and remaining LTIP Units, if any, held by such person immediately after such conversion. The Assignee of any Limited Partner pursuant to Article IX hereof may exercise the rights of such Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 4.05 and such Limited Partner shall be bound by the exercise of such rights by the Assignee.

(e) For purposes of making future allocations under Section 5.01(g) hereof and applying the Capital Account Limitation, the portion of the Economic Capital Account Balance of the applicable LTIP Unitholder that is treated as attributable to his or her LTIP Units shall be reduced, as of the date of conversion, by the product of the number of LTIP Units converted and the Common Unit Economic Balance.

(f) If the Partnership, the General Partner or ARP REIT shall be a party to any Common Unit Transaction (including without limitation a merger, consolidation, unit exchange, self tender offer for all or substantially all Common Units or other business combination or reorganization, or sale of all or substantially all of the Partnership’s assets, but excluding any Common Unit Transaction which constitutes an Adjustment Event) in each case as a result of which Common Units shall be exchanged for or converted into the right, or the holders of Common Units shall otherwise be entitled, to receive cash, securities or other property or any combination thereof (each of the foregoing being referred to herein as a “ Common Unit Transaction ”), then the General Partner shall, subject to the terms of any applicable Equity Incentive Plan or Vesting Agreement, exercise immediately prior to the Common Unit Transaction its right to cause a Forced Conversion with respect to the maximum number of LTIP Units then eligible for conversion, taking into account any allocations that occur in connection with the Common Unit Transaction or that would occur in connection with the Common Unit Transaction if the assets of the Partnership were sold at the Common Unit Transaction price or, if applicable, at a value determined by the General Partner in good faith using the value attributed to the Partnership Units in the context of the Common Unit Transaction (in which case the Conversion Date shall be the effective date of the Common Unit Transaction).

In anticipation of such Forced Conversion and the consummation of the Common Unit Transaction, the Partnership shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause each LTIP Unitholder to be afforded the right to receive in connection with such Common Unit Transaction in consideration for the Common Units into which such LTIP Unitholder’s LTIP Units will be converted the same kind and amount of cash, securities and other property (or any combination

 

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thereof) receivable upon the consummation of such Common Unit Transaction by a holder of the same number of Common Units, assuming such holder of Common Units is not a Person with which the Partnership consolidated or into which the Partnership merged or which merged into the Partnership or to which such sale or transfer was made, as the case may be (a “ Constituent Person ”), or an affiliate of a Constituent Person. In the event that holders of Common Units have the opportunity to elect the form or type of consideration to be received upon consummation of the Common Unit Transaction, prior to such Common Unit Transaction the General Partner shall give prompt written notice to each LTIP Unitholder of such election, and shall use commercially reasonable efforts to afford the LTIP Unitholders the right to elect, by written notice to the General Partner, the form or type of consideration to be received upon conversion of each LTIP Unit held by such holder into Common Units in connection with such Common Unit Transaction. If an LTIP Unitholder fails to make such an election, such holder (and any of its transferees) shall receive upon conversion of each LTIP Unit held by such LTIP Unitholder (or by any of such LTIP Unitholder’s transferees) the same kind and amount of consideration that a holder of a Common Unit would receive if such Common Unit holder failed to make such an election.

Subject to the rights of the Partnership and the General Partner under any Vesting Agreement and any Equity Incentive Plan, the Partnership shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause the terms of any Common Unit Transaction to be consistent with the provisions of this Section 4.05(f) and to enter into an agreement with the successor or purchasing entity, as the case may be, for the benefit of any LTIP Unitholders whose LTIP Units will not be converted into Common Units in connection with the Common Unit Transaction that will (i) contain provisions enabling the holders of LTIP Units that remain outstanding after such Common Unit Transaction to convert their LTIP Units into securities as comparable as reasonably possible under the circumstances to the Common Units and (ii) preserve as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances the distribution, special allocation, conversion, and other rights set forth in this Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders.

4.06 Capital Accounts . A separate capital account (a “ Capital Account ”) shall be established and maintained for each Partner in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv). If (i) a new or existing Partner acquires an additional Partnership Interest in exchange for more than a de minimis Capital Contribution, (ii) the Partnership distributes to a Partner more than a de minimis amount of Partnership property as consideration for a Partnership Interest, (iii) the Partnership is liquidated within the meaning of Regulation Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(g) or (iv) the Partnership grants a Partnership Interest (other than a de minimis Partnership Interest) as consideration for the provision of services to or for the benefit of the Partnership to an existing Partner acting in a Partner capacity, or to a new Partner acting in a Partner capacity or in anticipation of being a Partner, the General Partner shall revalue the property of the Partnership to its fair market value (as determined by the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, and taking into account Section 7701(g) of the Code) in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f); provided , that (i) the issuance of any LTIP Unit shall be deemed to require a revaluation pursuant to this Section 4.06 and (ii) the General Partner may elect not to revalue the property of the Partnership in connection with the issuance of additional Partnership Units pursuant to Section 4.02 to the extent it determines, in its sole and absolute discretion, that revaluing the property of the Partnership is not necessary or appropriate to reflect the relative economic interests of the Partners. When the Partnership’s property is revalued by the General Partner, the Capital Accounts of the Partners shall be adjusted in accordance with Regulations Sections 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv)(f) and (g), which generally

 

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require such Capital Accounts to be adjusted to reflect the manner in which the unrealized gain or loss inherent in such property (that has not been reflected in the Capital Accounts previously) would be allocated among the Partners pursuant to Section 5.01 hereof if there were a taxable disposition of such property for its fair market value (as determined by the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, and taking into account Section 7701(g) of the Code) on the date of the revaluation.

4.07 Percentage Interests . If the number of outstanding Common Units or other class or series of Partnership Units increases or decreases during a taxable year, each Partner’s Percentage Interest shall be adjusted by the General Partner effective as of the effective date of each such increase or decrease to a percentage equal to the number of Common Units or other class or series of Partnership Units held by such Partner divided by the aggregate number of Common Units or other class or series of Partnership Units, as applicable, outstanding after giving effect to such increase or decrease. If the Partners’ Percentage Interests are adjusted pursuant to this Section 4.07, the Profits and Losses for the taxable year in which the adjustment occurs shall be allocated between the part of the year ending on the day when that adjustment occurs and the part of the year beginning on the following day either (i) as if the taxable year had ended on the date of the adjustment or (ii) based on the number of days in each part. The General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, shall determine which method shall be used to allocate Profits and Losses for the taxable year in which the adjustment occurs. The allocation of Profits and Losses for the earlier part of the year shall be based on the Percentage Interests before adjustment, and the allocation of Profits and Losses for the later part shall be based on the adjusted Percentage Interests. In the event that there is an increase or decrease in the number of outstanding Partnership Units (other than Common Units or LTIP Units) during a taxable year, the General Partner shall have similar discretion, as provided in the preceding sentences of this Section 4.07, to allocate items of Profit and Loss between the part of the year ending on the day when that increase or decrease occurs and the part of the year beginning on the following day, and that allocation shall take into account the Partners’ relative interests in those items of Profit and Loss before and after such increase or decrease.

4.08 No Interest on Contributions . No Partner shall be entitled to interest on its Capital Contribution.

4.09 Return of Capital Contributions . No Partner shall be entitled to withdraw any part of its Capital Contribution or its Capital Account or to receive any distribution from the Partnership, except as specifically provided in this Agreement. Except as otherwise provided herein, there shall be no obligation to return to any Partner or withdrawn Partner any part of such Partner’s Capital Contribution for so long as the Partnership continues in existence.

4.10 No Third-Party Beneficiary . No creditor or other third party having dealings with the Partnership shall have the right to enforce the right or obligation of any Partner to make Capital Contributions or loans or to pursue any other right or remedy hereunder or at law or in equity, it being understood and agreed that the provisions of this Agreement, except as provided in Section 6.03(h) hereof, shall be solely for the benefit of, and may be enforced solely by, the parties to this Agreement and their respective permitted successors and assigns. None of the rights or obligations of the Partners herein set forth to make Capital Contributions or loans to the Partnership shall be deemed an asset of the Partnership for any purpose by any creditor or other third party, nor may such rights or obligations be sold, transferred or assigned by the Partnership or pledged or encumbered by the Partnership to secure any debt or other obligation of the Partnership or of any of

 

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the Partners. In addition, it is the intent of the parties hereto that no distribution to any Limited Partner shall be deemed a return of money or other property in violation of the Act. However, if any court of competent jurisdiction holds that, notwithstanding the provisions of this Agreement, any Limited Partner is obligated to return such money or property, such obligation shall be the obligation of such Limited Partner and not of the General Partner. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, a deficit Capital Account of a Partner shall not be deemed to be a liability of such Partner nor an asset or property of the Partnership.

ARTICLE V

PROFITS AND LOSSES; DISTRIBUTIONS

5.01 Allocation of Profit and Loss .

(a) Profit . Profit of the Partnership for each fiscal year of the Partnership shall be allocated to the Partners in accordance with their respective Percentage Interests.

(b) Loss . Loss of the Partnership for each fiscal year of the Partnership shall be allocated to the Partners in accordance with their respective Percentage Interests.

(c) Minimum Gain Chargeback . Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary, (i) any expense of the Partnership that is a “nonrecourse deduction” within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-2(b)(1) shall be allocated in accordance with the Partners’ respective Percentage Interests, (ii) any expense of the Partnership that is a “partner nonrecourse deduction” within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(2) shall be allocated to the Partner that bears the “economic risk of loss” of such deduction in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(1), (iii) if there is a net decrease in Partnership Minimum Gain within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-2(f)(1) for any Partnership taxable year, then, subject to the exceptions set forth in Regulations Section 1.704-2(f)(2),(3), (4) and (5), items of gain and income shall be allocated among the Partners in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(f) and the ordering rules contained in Regulations Section 1.704-2(j), and (iv) if there is a net decrease in Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(4) for any Partnership taxable year, then, subject to the exceptions set forth in Regulations Section 1.704(2)(g), items of gain and income shall be allocated among the Partners in accordance with Regulations Section 1.704-2(i)(4) and the ordering rules contained in Regulations Section 1.704-2(j). The manner in which it is reasonably expected that the deductions attributable to nonrecourse liabilities will be allocated for purposes of determining a Partner’s share of the nonrecourse liabilities of the Partnership within the meaning of Regulations Section 1.752-3(a)(3) shall be in accordance with a Partner’s Percentage Interest.

(d) Qualified Income Offset . If a Partner receives in any taxable year an adjustment, allocation or distribution described in subparagraphs (4), (5) or (6) of Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d) that causes or increases a deficit balance in such Partner’s Capital Account that exceeds the sum of such Partner’s shares of Partnership Minimum Gain and Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain, as determined in accordance with Regulations Sections 1.704-2(g) and 1.704-2(i), such Partner shall be allocated specially for such taxable year (and, if necessary, later taxable years) items of income and gain in an amount and manner sufficient to eliminate such

 

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deficit Capital Account balance as quickly as possible as provided in Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d). After the occurrence of an allocation of income or gain to a Partner in accordance with this Section 5.01(d), to the extent permitted by Regulations Section 1.704-1(b), items of expense or loss shall be allocated to such Partner in an amount necessary to offset the income or gain previously allocated to such Partner under this Section 5.01(d).

(e) Capital Account Deficits . Loss shall not be allocated to a Limited Partner to the extent that such allocation would cause a deficit in such Partner’s Capital Account (after reduction to reflect the items described in Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6)) to exceed the sum of such Partner’s shares of Partnership Minimum Gain and Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain. Any Loss in excess of that limitation shall be allocated to the General Partner. After the occurrence of an allocation of Loss to the General Partner in accordance with this Section 5.01(e), to the extent permitted by Regulations Section 1.704-1(b), Profit first shall be allocated to the General Partner in an amount necessary to offset the Loss previously allocated to the General Partner under this Section 5.01(e).

(f) Allocations Between Transferor and Transferee . If a Partner transfers any part or all of its Partnership Interest, the distributive shares of the various items of Profit and Loss allocable among the Partners during such fiscal year of the Partnership shall be allocated between the transferor and the transferee Partner either (i) as if the Partnership’s fiscal year had ended on the date of the transfer or (ii) based on the number of days of such fiscal year that each was a Partner without regard to the results of Partnership activities in the respective portions of such fiscal year in which the transferor and the transferee were Partners. The General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, shall determine which method shall be used to allocate the distributive shares of the various items of Profit and Loss between the transferor and the transferee Partner.

(g) Special Allocations Regarding LTIP Units . Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 5.01(a) and (b) hereof, Liquidating Gains shall first be allocated to the LTIP Unitholders until their Economic Capital Account Balances, to the extent attributable to their ownership of LTIP Units, are equal to (i) the Common Unit Economic Balance, multiplied by (ii) the number of their LTIP Units. For this purpose, “ Liquidating Gains ” means net capital gains realized in connection with the actual or hypothetical sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Partnership, including but not limited to net capital gain realized in connection with an adjustment to the value of Partnership assets under Section 704(b) of the Code. The “ Economic Capital Account Balances ” of the LTIP Unit holders will be equal to their Capital Account balances plus shares of Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain or Partnership Minimum Gain (after reduction to reflect the items described in Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6)) to the extent attributable to their ownership of LTIP Units. Similarly, the “ Common Unit Economic Balance ” shall mean (i) the Capital Account balance of ARP REIT, plus the amount of ARP REIT’s share of any Partner Nonrecourse Debt Minimum Gain or Partnership Minimum Gain (after reduction to reflect the items described in Regulations Section 1.704-1`(b)(2)(ii)(d)(4), (5) and (6)), in either case to the extent attributable to ARP REIT’s direct or indirect ownership of Common Units and computed on a hypothetical basis after taking into account all allocations through the date on which any allocation is made under this Section 5.01(g), divided by (ii) the number of Common Units directly or indirectly owned by ARP REIT. Any such allocations shall be made among the LTIP Unitholders in proportion to the amounts required to be allocated to each under this Section 5.01(g). The parties agree that the intent of this Section 5.01(g) is to make the Capital Account balance associated with each LTIP Unit to be economically equivalent to the Capital Account balance associated with Common Units directly or indirectly owned by ARP REIT (on a per-Unit basis).

 

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(h) Definition of Profit and Loss . “ Profit ” and “ Loss ” and any items of income, gain, expense or loss referred to in this Agreement shall be determined in accordance with federal income tax accounting principles, as modified by Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(2)(iv), except that Profit and Loss shall not include items of income, gain and expense that are specially allocated pursuant to Sections 5.01(c), (d) or (e) hereof. All allocations of income, Profit, gain, Loss and expense (and all items contained therein) for federal income tax purposes shall be identical to all allocations of such items set forth in this Section 5.01, except as otherwise required by Section 704(c) of the Code and Regulations Section 1.704-1(b)(4). With respect to properties acquired by the Partnership, the General Partner shall have the authority to elect the method to be used by the Partnership for allocating items of income, gain and expense as required by Section 704(c) of the Code with respect to such properties, and such election shall be binding on all Partners.

5.02 Distribution of Cash .

(a) Subject to Sections 5.02(c), (d) and (e) hereof and to the terms of any Partnership Unit Designation, the Partnership shall distribute cash at such times and in such amounts as are determined by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion, to the Partners who are Partners on the Partnership Record Date with respect to such quarter (or other distribution period) in proportion with their respective Common Units on the Partnership Record Date.

(b) In accordance with Section 4.04(a)(ii) hereof, the LTIP Unitholders shall be entitled to receive distributions in an amount per LTIP Unit equal to the Common Partnership Unit Distribution.

(c) If a new or existing Partner acquires additional Partnership Units in exchange for a Capital Contribution on any date other than a Partnership Record Date (other than Partnership Units acquired by the General Partner or ARP REIT (or any direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) in connection with the issuance of additional REIT Shares or Additional Securities), the cash distribution attributable to such additional Partnership Units relating to the Partnership Record Date next following the issuance of such additional Partnership Units shall be reduced in the proportion to (i) the number of days that such additional Partnership Units are held by such Partner bears to (ii) the number of days between such Partnership Record Date and the immediately preceding Partnership Record Date.

(d) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the General Partner is authorized to take any action that it determines to be necessary or appropriate to cause the Partnership to comply with any withholding requirements established under the Code or any other federal, state or local law including, without limitation, pursuant to Sections 1441, 1442, 1445 and 1446 of the Code. To the extent that the Partnership is required to withhold and pay over to any taxing authority any amount resulting from the allocation or distribution of income to a Partner or assignee (including by reason of Section 1446 of the Code), either (i) if the actual amount to be distributed to the Partner (the “ Distributable Amount ”) equals or exceeds the Withheld Amount, the entire Distributable Amount shall be treated as a distribution of cash to such Partner, or (ii) if the

 

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Distributable Amount is less than the Withheld Amount, the excess of the Withheld Amount over the Distributable Amount shall be treated as a Partnership Loan from the Partnership to the Partner on the day the Partnership pays over such amount to a taxing authority. A Partnership Loan shall be repaid upon the demand of the Partnership or, alternatively, through withholding by the Partnership with respect to subsequent distributions to the applicable Partner or assignee and any such distributions so withheld shall be deemed first to have been distributed to the applicable Partner or assignee and then immediately repaid to the Partnership.

Any amounts treated as a Partnership Loan pursuant to this Section 5.02(d) shall bear interest at the lesser of (i) 300 basis points above the base rate on corporate loans at large United States money center commercial banks, as published from time to time in The Wall Street Journal , or (ii) the maximum lawful rate of interest on such obligation, such interest to accrue from the date the Partnership or the General Partner, as applicable, is deemed to extend the loan until such loan is repaid in full.

(e) In no event may a Partner receive a distribution of cash with respect to a Partnership Unit if such Partner is entitled to receive a cash dividend or other distribution of cash as the holder of record of a REIT Share for which all or part of such Partnership Unit has been or will be redeemed.

5.03 REIT Distribution Requirements . The General Partner shall use commercially reasonable efforts, as determined by it in its sole and absolute discretion, to cause the Partnership to distribute amounts sufficient to enable ARP REIT to pay distributions to its stockholders that will allow ARP REIT to (i) meet its distribution requirement for qualification as a REIT as set forth in Section 857 of the Code and (ii) avoid any federal income or excise tax liability imposed by the Code, other than to the extent ARP REIT elects to retain and pay income tax on its net capital gain.

5.04 No Right to Distributions in Kind . No Partner shall be entitled to demand property other than cash in connection with any distributions by the Partnership.

5.05 Limitations on Return of Capital Contributions . Notwithstanding any of the provisions of this Article V, no Partner shall have the right to receive, and the General Partner shall not have the right to make, a distribution that includes a return of all or part of a Partner’s Capital Contributions, unless after giving effect to the return of a Capital Contribution, the sum of all Partnership liabilities, other than the liabilities to a Partner for the return of his Capital Contribution, does not exceed the fair market value of the Partnership’s assets.

5.06 Distributions Upon Liquidation .

(a) Upon liquidation of the Partnership, after payment of, or adequate provision for, debts and obligations of the Partnership, including any Partner loans, any remaining assets of the Partnership shall be distributed to all Partners with positive Capital Accounts in accordance with their respective positive Capital Account balances.

(b) For purposes of Section 5.06(a) hereof, the Capital Account of each Partner shall be determined after all adjustments made in accordance with Sections 5.01 and 5.02 hereof resulting from Partnership operations and from all sales and dispositions of all or any part of the Partnership’s assets.

(c) Any distributions pursuant to this Section 5.06 shall be made by the end of the Partnership’s taxable year in which the liquidation occurs (or, if later, within 90 days after the date of the liquidation). To the extent deemed advisable by the General Partner, appropriate arrangements (including the use of a liquidating trust) may be made to assure that adequate funds are available to pay any contingent debts or obligations.

 

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5.07 Substantial Economic Effect . It is the intent of the Partners that the allocations of Profit and Loss under the Agreement have substantial economic effect (or be consistent with the Partners’ interests in the Partnership in the case of the allocation of losses attributable to nonrecourse debt) within the meaning of Section 704(b) of the Code as interpreted by the Regulations promulgated pursuant thereto. Article V and other relevant provisions of this Agreement shall be interpreted in a manner consistent with such intent.

ARTICLE VI

RIGHTS, OBLIGATIONS AND

POWERS OF THE GENERAL PARTNER

6.01 Management of the Partnership .

(a) Except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement, the General Partner shall have full, complete and exclusive discretion to manage and control the business of the Partnership for the purposes herein stated, and shall make all decisions affecting the business and assets of the Partnership. Subject to the restrictions specifically contained in this Agreement, the powers of the General Partner shall include, without limitation, the authority to take the following actions on behalf of the Partnership:

(i) to acquire, purchase, own, operate, lease and dispose of any real property and any other property or assets including, but not limited to, notes and mortgages that the General Partner determines are necessary or appropriate in the business of the Partnership;

(ii) to construct buildings and make other improvements on the properties owned or leased by the Partnership;

(iii) to authorize, issue, sell, redeem or otherwise purchase any Partnership Units or any securities (including secured and unsecured debt obligations of the Partnership, debt obligations of the Partnership convertible into any class or series of Partnership Units, or Rights relating to any class or series of Partnership Units) of the Partnership;

(iv) to borrow or lend money for the Partnership, issue or receive evidences of indebtedness in connection therewith, refinance, increase the amount of, modify, amend or change the terms of, or extend the time for the payment of, any such indebtedness, and secure indebtedness by mortgage, deed of trust, pledge or other lien on the Partnership’s assets;

 

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(v) to pay, either directly or by reimbursement, all operating costs and general administrative expenses of the Partnership to third parties or to the General Partner or its Affiliates as set forth in this Agreement;

(vi) to guarantee or become a co-maker of indebtedness of any Subsidiary of the General Partner or the Partnership, refinance, increase the amount of, modify, amend or change the terms of, or extend the time for the payment of, any such guarantee or indebtedness, and secure such guarantee or indebtedness by mortgage, deed of trust, pledge or other lien on the Partnership’s assets;

(vii) to use assets of the Partnership (including, without limitation, cash on hand) for any purpose consistent with this Agreement, including, without limitation, payment, either directly or by reimbursement, of all operating costs and general and administrative expenses of ARP REIT, the General Partner, the Partnership or any Subsidiary of the foregoing to third parties or to ARP REIT or the General Partner as set forth in this Agreement;

(viii) to lease all or any portion of any of the Partnership’s assets, whether or not the terms of such leases extend beyond the termination date of the Partnership and whether or not any portion of the Partnership’s assets so leased are to be occupied by the lessee, or, in turn, subleased in whole or in part to others, for such consideration and on such terms as the General Partner may determine and to further lease property from third parties, including ground leases;

(ix) to prosecute, defend, arbitrate or compromise any and all claims or liabilities in favor of or against the Partnership, on such terms and in such manner as the General Partner may reasonably determine, and similarly to prosecute, settle or defend litigation with respect to the Partners, the Partnership or the Partnership’s assets;

(x) to file applications, communicate and otherwise deal with any and all governmental agencies having jurisdiction over, or in any way affecting, the Partnership’s assets or any other aspect of the Partnership’s business;

(xi) to make or revoke any election permitted or required of the Partnership by any taxing authority;

(xii) to maintain such insurance coverage for public liability, fire and casualty, and any and all other insurance for the protection of the Partnership, for the conservation of Partnership assets, or for any other purpose convenient or beneficial to the Partnership, in such amounts and such types, as it shall determine from time to time;

(xiii) to determine whether or not to apply any insurance proceeds for any property to the restoration of such property or to distribute the same;

(xiv) to establish one or more divisions of the Partnership, to hire and dismiss employees of the Partnership or any division of the Partnership, and to retain legal counsel, accountants, consultants, real estate brokers and such other persons as the General Partner may deem necessary or appropriate in connection with the Partnership business and to pay therefor such reasonable remuneration as the General Partner may deem reasonable and proper;

 

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(xv) to retain other services of any kind or nature in connection with the Partnership business, and to pay therefor such remuneration as the General Partner may deem reasonable and proper;

(xvi) to negotiate and conclude agreements on behalf of the Partnership with respect to any of the rights, powers and authority conferred upon the General Partner;

(xvii) to maintain accurate accounting records and to file promptly all federal, state and local income tax returns on behalf of the Partnership;

(xviii) to distribute Partnership cash or other Partnership assets in accordance with this Agreement;

(xix) to form or acquire an interest in, and contribute property to, any further limited or general partnerships, joint ventures or other relationships that it deems desirable (including, without limitation, the acquisition of interests in, and the contributions of property to, its Subsidiaries and any other Person in which it has an equity interest from time to time);

(xx) to establish Partnership reserves for working capital, capital expenditures, contingent liabilities or any other valid Partnership purpose;

(xxi) to merge, consolidate or combine the Partnership with or into another Person;

(xxii) to enter into and perform obligations under underwriting or other agreements in connection with issuances of securities by the Partnership or the General Partner or any affiliate thereof;

(xxiii) to do any and all acts and things necessary or prudent to ensure that the Partnership will not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” taxable as a corporation under Section 7704 of the Code or an “investment company” or a Subsidiary of an investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940; and

(xxiv) to take such other action, execute, acknowledge, swear to or deliver such other documents and instruments, and perform any and all other acts that the General Partner deems necessary or appropriate for the formation, continuation and conduct of the business and affairs of the Partnership (including, without limitation, all actions consistent with allowing ARP REIT at all times to qualify as a REIT unless ARP REIT voluntarily terminates or revokes its REIT status) and to possess and enjoy all of the rights and powers of a general partner as provided by the Act.

(b) Except as otherwise provided herein, to the extent the duties of the General Partner require expenditures of funds to be paid to third parties, the General Partner shall not have any obligations hereunder except to the extent that Partnership funds are reasonably available to it

 

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for the performance of such duties, and nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize or require the General Partner, in its capacity as such, to expend its individual funds for payment to third parties or to undertake any individual liability or obligation on behalf of the Partnership.

6.02 Delegation of Authority . The General Partner may delegate any or all of its powers, rights and obligations hereunder, and may appoint, employ, contract or otherwise deal with any Person for the transaction of the business of the Partnership, which Person may, under supervision of the General Partner, perform any acts or services for the Partnership as the General Partner may approve.

6.03 Indemnification and Exculpation of Indemnitees .

(a) The Partnership shall indemnify an Indemnitee from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities, joint or several, expenses (including reasonable legal fees and expenses), judgments, fines, settlements, and other amounts arising from any and all claims, demands, actions, suits or proceedings, civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, that relate to the operations of the Partnership as set forth in this Agreement in which any Indemnitee may be involved, or is threatened to be involved, as a party or otherwise, unless it is established that: (i) the act or omission of the Indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and either was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; (ii) the Indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order or settlement does not create a presumption that the Indemnitee did not meet the requisite standard of conduct set forth in this Section 6.03(a). The termination of any proceeding by conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, creates a rebuttable presumption that the Indemnitee acted in a manner contrary to that specified in this Section 6.03(a). Any indemnification pursuant to this Section 6.03 shall be made only out of the assets of the Partnership.

(b) The Partnership shall reimburse an Indemnitee for reasonable expenses incurred by an Indemnitee who is a party to a proceeding in advance of the final disposition of the proceeding upon receipt by the Partnership of (i) a written affirmation by the Indemnitee of the Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Partnership as authorized in this Section 6.03 has been met, and (ii) a written undertaking by or on behalf of the Indemnitee to repay the amount if it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct has not been met.

(c) The indemnification provided by this Section 6.03 shall be in addition to any other rights to which an Indemnitee or any other Person may be entitled under any agreement, pursuant to any vote of the Partners, as a matter of law or otherwise, and shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to serve in such capacity.

(d) The Partnership may purchase and maintain insurance, as an expense of the Partnership, on behalf of the Indemnitees and such other Persons as the General Partner shall determine, against any liability that may be asserted against or expenses that may be incurred by such Person in connection with the Partnership’s activities, regardless of whether the Partnership would have the power to indemnify such Person against such liability under the provisions of this Agreement.

 

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(e) For purposes of this Section 6.03, the Partnership shall be deemed to have requested an Indemnitee to serve as fiduciary of an employee benefit plan whenever the performance by it of its duties to the Partnership also imposes duties on, or otherwise involves services by, it to the plan or participants or beneficiaries of the plan; excise taxes assessed on an Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan pursuant to applicable law shall constitute fines within the meaning of this Section 6.03; and actions taken or omitted by the Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan in the performance of its duties for a purpose reasonably believed by it to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of the plan shall be deemed to be for a purpose that is not opposed to the best interests of the Partnership.

(f) In no event may an Indemnitee subject the Limited Partners to personal liability by reason of the indemnification provisions set forth in this Agreement.

(g) An Indemnitee shall not be denied indemnification in whole or in part under this Section 6.03 because the Indemnitee had an interest in the transaction with respect to which the indemnification applies if the transaction was otherwise permitted by the terms of this Agreement.

(h) The provisions of this Section 6.03 are for the benefit of the Indemnitees, their heirs, successors, assigns and administrators and shall not be deemed to create any rights for the benefit of any other Persons.

(i) Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 6.03 or any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the indemnification of an Indemnitee by the Partnership under this Section 6.03 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when claims relating to such matters may arise or be asserted.

6.04 Liability of the General Partner .

(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth in this Agreement, neither the General Partner, nor any of its directors, officers, agents or employees shall be liable for monetary damages to the Partnership or any Partners for losses sustained or liabilities incurred as a result of errors in judgment or mistakes of fact or law or of any act or omission if any such party acted in good faith. The General Partner shall not be in breach of any duty that the General Partner may owe to the Limited Partners or the Partnership or any other Persons under this Agreement or of any duty stated or implied by law or equity provided the General Partner, acting in good faith, abides by the terms of this Agreement.

(b) The Limited Partners expressly acknowledge that the General Partner is acting on behalf of the Partnership, the Limited Partners and ARP REIT’s stockholders collectively, that the General Partner is under no obligation to consider the separate interests of the Limited Partners (including, without limitation, the tax consequences to Limited Partners or the tax consequences of some, but not all, of the Limited Partners) in deciding whether to cause the Partnership to take (or decline to take) any actions. In the event of a conflict between the interests of the stockholders of

 

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ARP REIT on the one hand and the Limited Partners on the other, the General Partner shall endeavor in good faith to resolve the conflict in a manner not adverse to either the stockholders of ARP REIT or the Limited Partners; provided , that for so long as the General Partner owns a controlling interest in the Partnership, any such conflict that the General Partner, in its sole and absolute discretion, determines cannot be resolved in a manner not adverse to either the stockholders of ARP REIT or the Limited Partners shall be resolved in favor of the stockholders of ARP REIT. The General Partner shall not be liable for monetary damages for losses sustained, liabilities incurred or benefits not derived by the Limited Partners in connection with such decisions.

(c) Subject to its obligations and duties as General Partner set forth in Section 6.01 hereof, the General Partner may exercise any of the powers granted to it under this Agreement and perform any of the duties imposed upon it hereunder either directly or by or through its agents. The General Partner shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any such agent appointed by it in good faith.

(d) Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement or the Act, any action of the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership or any decision of the General Partner to refrain from acting on behalf of the Partnership, undertaken in the good faith belief that such action or omission is necessary or advisable in order (i) to protect the ability of ARP REIT to continue to qualify as a REIT or (ii) to prevent ARP REIT from incurring any taxes under Section 857, Section 4981 or any other provision of the Code, is expressly authorized under this Agreement and is deemed approved by all of the Limited Partners.

(e) Any amendment, modification or repeal of this Section 6.04 or any provision hereof shall be prospective only and shall not in any way affect the limitations on the General Partner’s or any of its officers’, directors’, agents’ or employees’ liability to the Partnership and the Limited Partners under this Section 6.04 as in effect immediately prior to such amendment, modification or repeal with respect to matters occurring, in whole or in part, prior to such amendment, modification or repeal, regardless of when claims relating to such matters may arise or be asserted.

6.05 Partnership Obligations .

(a) Except as provided in this Section 6.05 and elsewhere in this Agreement (including the provisions of Articles V and VI hereof regarding distributions, payments and allocations to which it may be entitled), the General Partner shall not be compensated for its services as general partner of the Partnership.

(b) All Administrative Expenses shall be obligations of the Partnership, and the General Partner or ARP REIT shall be entitled to reimbursement by the Partnership for any expenditure (including Administrative Expenses) incurred by it on behalf of the Partnership that shall be made other than out of the funds of the Partnership. All reimbursements hereunder shall be characterized for federal income tax purposes as expenses of the Partnership incurred on its behalf, and not as expenses of the General Partner or ARP REIT.

6.06 Outside Activities . Subject to Section 6.08 hereof, the Certificate of Formation and any agreements entered into by the General Partner or its Affiliates with the Partnership or a

 

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Subsidiary, any officer, director, employee, agent, trustee, Affiliate or member of the General Partner, the General Partner, ARP REIT and any stockholder of ARP REIT shall be entitled to and may have business interests and engage in business activities in addition to those relating to the Partnership, including business interests and activities substantially similar or identical to those of the Partnership. Neither the Partnership nor any of the Limited Partners shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement in any such business ventures, interest or activities. None of the Limited Partners nor any other Person shall have any rights by virtue of this Agreement or the partnership relationship established hereby in any such business ventures, interests or activities, and the General Partner and ARP REIT shall have no obligation pursuant to this Agreement to offer any interest in any such business ventures, interests and activities to the Partnership or any Limited Partner, even if such opportunity is of a character that, if presented to the Partnership or any Limited Partner, could be taken by such Person.

6.07 Employment or Retention of Affiliates .

(a) Any Affiliate of the General Partner may be employed or retained by the Partnership and may otherwise deal with the Partnership (whether as a buyer, lessor, lessee, manager, furnisher of goods or services, broker, agent, lender or otherwise) and may receive from the Partnership any compensation, price or other payment therefor that the General Partner determines to be fair and reasonable.

(b) The Partnership may lend or contribute to its Subsidiaries or other Persons in which it has an equity investment, and such Persons may borrow funds from the Partnership, on terms and conditions established in the sole and absolute discretion of the General Partner. The foregoing authority shall not create any right or benefit in favor of any Subsidiary or any other Person.

(c) The Partnership may transfer assets to joint ventures, other partnerships, corporations or other business entities in which it is or thereby becomes a participant upon such terms and subject to such conditions as the General Partner deems are consistent with this Agreement and applicable law.

6.08 ARP REIT’s Activities . ARP REIT agrees that, generally, all business activities of ARP REIT, including activities pertaining to the acquisition, development, ownership of or investment in real properties, shall be conducted through the Partnership or one or more Subsidiaries of the Partnership; provided , that ARP REIT may make direct acquisitions or undertake business activities if such acquisitions or activities are made in connection with the issuance of Additional Securities by ARP REIT or the business activity has been approved by a majority of the Independent Directors. If, at any time, ARP REIT acquires material assets (other than Partnership Units or other assets on behalf of the Partnership) without transferring such assets to the Partnership, the definition of “REIT Shares Amount” may be adjusted, as reasonably determined by the General Partner, to reflect only the fair market value of a REIT Share attributable to ARP REIT’s Partnership Units directly or indirectly owned by ARP REIT and other assets held on behalf of the Partnership.

6.09 Title to Partnership Assets . Title to Partnership assets, whether real, personal or mixed and whether tangible or intangible, shall be deemed to be owned by the Partnership as an entity, and no Partner, individually or collectively, shall have any ownership interest in such

 

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Partnership assets or any portion thereof. Title to any or all of the Partnership assets may be held in the name of the Partnership, the General Partner, ARP REIT or one or more nominees, as the General Partner may determine, including Affiliates of the General Partner or ARP REIT. ARP REIT hereby declares and warrants that any Partnership assets for which legal title is held in the name of the General Partner or ARP REIT or any nominee or Affiliate of the General Partner or ARP REIT shall be held by the General Partner or ARP REIT for the use and benefit of the Partnership in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement; provided , that the General Partner or ARP REIT shall use commercially reasonable efforts to cause beneficial and record title to such assets to be vested in the Partnership as soon as reasonably practicable. All Partnership assets shall be recorded as the property of the Partnership in its books and records, irrespective of the name in which legal title to such Partnership assets is held.

ARTICLE VII

CHANGES IN GENERAL PARTNER

7.01 Transfer of the General Partner’s Partnership Interest .

(a) Other than to an Affiliate of ARP REIT, the General Partner shall not transfer all or any portion of its General Partnership Interests, and the General Partner shall not withdraw as General Partner, except as provided in or in connection with a transaction contemplated by Sections 7.01(c), (d) or (e) hereof.

(b) The General Partner agrees that its General Partnership Interest will at all times be in the aggregate at least 0.1%.

(c) Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.01(d) or (e) hereof, neither the General Partner nor ARP REIT shall engage in any merger, consolidation or other combination with or into another Person or sale of all or substantially all of its assets (other than in connection with a change in the General Partner’s state of organization or organizational form or ARP REIT’s state of incorporation or organizational form), in each case which results in a change of control of the General Partner or ARP REIT (a “ Transaction ”), unless at least one of the following conditions is met:

(i) the consent of a Majority in Interest (other than the General Partner or any Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) is obtained;

(ii) as a result of such Transaction, all Limited Partners (other than the General Partner, ARP REIT and any Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT, and, in the case of LTIP Unitholders, subject to the terms of any applicable Equity Incentive Plan or Vesting Agreement) will receive, or have the right to receive, for each Partnership Unit an amount of cash, securities or other property equal or substantially equivalent in value, as determined by the General Partner in good faith, to the product of the Conversion Factor and the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property paid in the Transaction to a holder of one REIT Share in consideration of one REIT Share, provided that if, in connection with such Transaction, a purchase, tender or exchange offer (“ Offer ”) shall have been made to and accepted by the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding REIT Shares, each holder

 

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of Partnership Units (other than the General Partner, ARP REIT and any Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) shall be given the option to exchange its Partnership Units for an amount of cash, securities or other property equal or substantially equivalent in value, as determined by the General Partner in good faith, to the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property that such Limited Partner would have received had it (A) exercised its Redemption Right pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof and (B) sold, tendered or exchanged pursuant to the Offer the REIT Shares received upon exercise of the Redemption Right immediately prior to the expiration of the Offer; or

(iii) either the General Partner or ARP REIT, as applicable, is the surviving entity in the Transaction and either (A) the holders of REIT Shares do not receive cash, securities or other property in the Transaction or (B) all Limited Partners (other than the General Partner, ARP REIT and any Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT, and, in the case of LTIP Unitholders, subject to the terms of any applicable Equity Incentive Plan or Vesting Agreement) receive for each Partnership Unit an amount of cash, securities or other property (expressed as an amount per REIT Share) equal or substantially equivalent in value, as determined by the General Partner in good faith, to the product of the Conversion Factor and the greatest amount of cash, securities or other property (expressed as an amount per REIT Share) received in the Transaction by any holder of REIT Shares.

(d) Notwithstanding Section 7.01(c) hereof, either of the General Partner or ARP REIT, as applicable, may merge with or into or consolidate with another entity if immediately after such merger or consolidation (i) substantially all of the assets of the successor or surviving entity (the “ Survivor ”), other than Partnership Units held directly or indirectly by the General Partner or ARP REIT, are contributed, directly or indirectly, to the Partnership as a Capital Contribution in exchange for Partnership Units, or for economically equivalent partnership interests issued by a Subsidiary Partnership established at the direction of the Board of Directors, with a fair market value equal to the value of the assets so contributed as determined by the Survivor in good faith and (ii) the Survivor expressly agrees to assume all obligations of the General Partner and ARP REIT hereunder. Upon such contribution and assumption, the Survivor shall have the right and duty to amend this Agreement as set forth in this Section 7.01(d). The Survivor shall in good faith arrive at a new method for the calculation of the Cash Amount, the REIT Shares Amount and Conversion Factor for a Partnership Unit after any such merger or consolidation so as to approximate the existing method for such calculation as closely as reasonably possible. Such calculation shall take into account, among other things, the kind and amount of securities, cash and other property that was receivable upon such merger or consolidation by a holder of REIT Shares or options, warrants or other rights relating thereto, and which a holder of Partnership Units could have acquired had such Partnership Units been exchanged immediately prior to such merger or consolidation. Such amendment to this Agreement shall provide for adjustment to such method of calculation, which shall be as nearly equivalent as may be practicable to the adjustments provided for with respect to the Conversion Factor. The Survivor also shall in good faith modify the definition of REIT Shares and make such amendments to Section 8.04 hereof so as to approximate the existing rights and obligations set forth in Section 8.04 hereof as closely as reasonably possible. The above provisions of this Section 7.01(d) shall similarly apply to successive mergers or consolidations permitted hereunder.

 

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(e) Notwithstanding anything in this Article VII,

(i) The General Partner may transfer all or any portion of its General Partnership Interest to (A) any wholly owned Subsidiary of the General Partner or (B) the owner of all of the ownership interests of the General Partner, and following a transfer of all of its General Partnership Interest, may withdraw as General Partner; and

(ii) ARP REIT may engage in a transaction required by law or by the rules of any national securities exchange or over-the-counter interdealer quotation system on which the REIT Shares are listed or traded.

7.02 Admission of a Substitute or Additional General Partner . A Person shall be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner of the Partnership only if the following terms and conditions are satisfied:

(a) the Person to be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner shall have accepted and agreed to be bound by all the terms and provisions of this Agreement by executing a counterpart thereof and such other documents or instruments as may be required or appropriate in order to effect the admission of such Person as a General Partner, and a certificate evidencing the admission of such Person as a General Partner shall have been filed for recordation and all other actions required by Section 2.05 hereof in connection with such admission shall have been performed;

(b) if the Person to be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner is a corporation or a partnership, it shall have provided the Partnership with evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Partnership of such Person’s authority to become a General Partner and to be bound by the terms and provisions of this Agreement; and

(c) counsel for the Partnership shall have rendered an opinion (relying on such opinions from other counsel as may be necessary) that the admission of the Person to be admitted as a substitute or additional General Partner is in conformity with the Act, that none of the actions taken in connection with the admission of such Person as a substitute or additional General Partner will cause (i) the Partnership to be classified other than as a partnership for federal income tax purposes, or (ii) the loss of any Limited Partner’s limited liability.

7.03 Effect of Bankruptcy, Withdrawal, Death or Dissolution of General Partner .

(a) Upon the occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to the General Partner (and its removal pursuant to Section 7.04(a) hereof) or the death, withdrawal, removal or dissolution of the General Partner (except that, if the General Partner is on the date of such occurrence a partnership, the withdrawal, death, dissolution, Event of Bankruptcy as to, or removal of a partner in, such partnership shall be deemed not to be a dissolution of the General Partner if the business of the General Partner is continued by the remaining partner or partners), the Partnership shall be dissolved and terminated unless the Partnership is continued pursuant to Section 7.03(b) hereof. The merger of the General Partner with or into any entity that is admitted as a substitute or successor General Partner pursuant to Section 7.02 hereof shall not be deemed to be the withdrawal, dissolution or removal of the General Partner.

(b) Following the occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to the General Partner (and its removal pursuant to Section 7.04(a) hereof) or the death, withdrawal, removal or dissolution of the General Partner (except that, if the General Partner is on the date of such occurrence a partnership, the withdrawal, death, dissolution, Event of Bankruptcy as to, or removal of a partner in, such partnership shall be deemed not to be a dissolution of the General Partner if the business of such General Partner is continued by the remaining partner or partners), the Limited Partners, within 90 days after such occurrence, may elect to continue the business of the Partnership for the balance of the term specified in Section 2.04 hereof by selecting, subject to Section 7.02 hereof and any other provisions of this Agreement, a substitute General Partner by consent of a Majority in Interest. If the Limited Partners elect to continue the business of the Partnership and admit a substitute General Partner, the relationship with the Partners and of any Person who has acquired an interest of a Partner in the Partnership shall be governed by this Agreement.

 

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7.04 Removal of General Partner .

(a) Upon the occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to, or the dissolution of, the General Partner, the General Partner shall be deemed to be removed automatically; provided , that if the General Partner is on the date of such occurrence a partnership, the withdrawal, death, dissolution, Event of Bankruptcy as to or removal of a partner in such partnership shall be deemed not to be a dissolution of the General Partner if the business of the General Partner is continued by the remaining partner or partners. The Limited Partners may not remove the General Partner, with or without cause.

(b) If the General Partner has been removed pursuant to this Section 7.04 and the Partnership is continued pursuant to Section 7.03 hereof, the General Partner shall promptly transfer and assign its General Partnership Interest in the Partnership to the substitute General Partner approved by a Majority in Interest in accordance with Section 7.03(b) hereof and otherwise be admitted to the Partnership in accordance with Section 7.02 hereof. At the time of assignment, the removed General Partner shall be entitled to receive from the substitute General Partner the fair market value of the General Partnership Interest of such removed General Partner. Such fair market value shall be determined by an appraiser mutually agreed upon by the General Partner and a Majority in Interest (excluding the General Partner and any Subsidiary of the General Partner) within ten days following the removal of the General Partner. In the event that the parties are unable to agree upon an appraiser, the removed General Partner and a Majority in Interest (excluding the General Partner and any Subsidiary of the General Partner) each shall select an appraiser. Each such appraiser shall complete an appraisal of the fair market value of the removed General Partner’s General Partnership Interest within 30 days of the General Partner’s removal, and the fair market value of the removed General Partner’s General Partnership Interest shall be the average of the two appraisals; provided , that if the higher appraisal exceeds the lower appraisal by more than 20% of the amount of the lower appraisal, the two appraisers, no later than 40 days after the removal of the General Partner, shall select a third appraiser who shall complete an appraisal of the fair market value of the removed General Partner’s General Partnership Interest no later than 60 days after the removal of the General Partner. In such case, the fair market value of the removed General Partner’s General Partnership Interest shall be the average of the two appraisals closest in value.

(c) The General Partnership Interest of a removed General Partner, during the time after removal until transfer under Section 7.04(b) hereof, shall be converted to that of a special

 

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Limited Partner; provided , such removed General Partner shall not have any rights to participate in the management and affairs of the Partnership, and shall not be entitled to any portion of the income, expense, profit, gain or loss allocations or cash distributions allocable or payable, as the case may be, to the Limited Partners. Instead, such removed General Partner shall receive and be entitled only to retain distributions or allocations of such items that it would have been entitled to receive in its capacity as General Partner, until the transfer is effective pursuant to Section 7.04(b) hereof.

(d) All Partners shall have given and hereby do give such consents, shall take such actions and shall execute such documents as shall be legally necessary and sufficient to effect all the foregoing provisions of this Section 7.04.

ARTICLE VIII

RIGHTS AND OBLIGATIONS OF THE LIMITED PARTNERS

8.01 Management of the Partnership . The Limited Partners shall not participate in the management or control of Partnership business nor shall they transact any business for the Partnership, nor shall they have the power to sign for or bind the Partnership, such powers being vested solely and exclusively in the General Partner. The Limited Partners covenant and agree not to hold themselves out in a manner that could reasonably be considered in contravention of the terms hereof by any third party.

8.02 Power of Attorney . Each Limited Partner by execution of this Agreement, directly or through execution by power of attorney or other consent, irrevocably appoints the General Partner its true and lawful attorney-in-fact, who may act for each Limited Partner and in its name, place and stead, and for its use and benefit, to sign, acknowledge, swear to, deliver, file or record, at the appropriate public offices, any and all documents, certificates and instruments, including without limitation, any and all amendments and restatements of this Agreement as may be deemed necessary or desirable by the General Partner to carry out fully the provisions of this Agreement and the Act in accordance with their terms, which power of attorney is coupled with an interest and shall survive the death, dissolution or legal incapacity of the Limited Partner, or the transfer by the Limited Partner of any part or all of its Partnership Interest.

8.03 Limitation on Liability of Limited Partners . No Limited Partner shall be liable for any debts, liabilities, contracts or obligations of the Partnership. A Limited Partner shall be liable to the Partnership only to make payments of its Capital Contribution, if any, as and when due hereunder. After its Capital Contribution is fully paid, no Limited Partner shall, except as otherwise required by the Act, be required to make any further Capital Contributions or other payments or lend any funds to the Partnership.

8.04 Redemption Right .

(a) Subject to Section 8.04(c) and the provisions of any agreement between the Partnership and one or more Limited Partners, beginning on the date that is twelve months after the date of issuance of any Common Units (including any Common Units that are issued upon the conversion of LTIP Units), each Limited Partner (other than ARP REIT or any Subsidiary of ARP REIT) shall have the right (the “ Redemption Right ”) to require the Partnership to redeem on a

 

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Specified Redemption Date all or a portion of such Limited Partner’s Common Units at a redemption price equal to and in the form of the Cash Amount. The Redemption Right shall be exercised pursuant to a Notice of Redemption in the form attached hereto as Exhibit B delivered to the Partnership (with a copy to ARP REIT) by the Limited Partner who is exercising the Redemption Right (the “ Redeeming Limited Partner ”), and such notice shall be irrevocable unless otherwise agreed upon by the General Partner. No Limited Partner may deliver more than one Notice of Redemption during each calendar quarter unless otherwise agreed upon by the General Partner. A Limited Partner may not exercise the Redemption Right for less than one thousand (1,000) Common Units or, if such Limited Partner holds less than one thousand (1,000) Common Units, all of the Common Units held by such Limited Partner. The Redeeming Limited Partner shall have no right, with respect to any Common Units so redeemed, to receive any distribution paid with respect to Common Units if the record date for such distribution is on or after the Specified Redemption Date.

(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 8.04(a) hereof, if a Limited Partner exercises the Redemption Right by delivering to the Partnership a Notice of Redemption, then the General Partner may, in its sole and absolute discretion, elect to cause ARP REIT to purchase directly and acquire some or all of, and in such event ARP REIT agrees to purchase and acquire, such Common Units by paying to the Redeeming Limited Partner the REIT Shares Amount, whereupon ARP REIT shall acquire the Common Units tendered for redemption by the Redeeming Limited Partner and ARP REIT shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as the owner of such Common Units. In the event ARP REIT shall exercise its right to satisfy the Redemption Right in the manner described in the preceding sentence, the Partnership shall have no obligation to pay any amount to the Redeeming Limited Partner with respect to such Redeeming Limited Partner’s exercise of the Redemption Right, and each of the Redeeming Limited Partner, the Partnership and ARP REIT shall treat the transaction between ARP REIT and the Redeeming Limited Partner as a sale of the Redeeming Limited Partner’s Common Units to ARP REIT for federal income tax purposes. Each Redeeming Limited Partner agrees to execute such documents as ARP REIT may reasonably require in connection with the issuance of REIT Shares upon exercise of the Redemption Right.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Sections 8.04(a) and 8.04(b) hereof, a Limited Partner shall not be entitled to exercise the Redemption Right if the delivery of REIT Shares to such Limited Partner on the Specified Redemption Date by ARP REIT pursuant to Section 8.04(b) hereof (regardless of whether or not ARP REIT would in fact exercise its rights under Section 8.04(b)) would (i) result in such Limited Partner or any other Person (as defined in the Articles) owning, directly or indirectly, REIT Shares in excess of the Stock Ownership Limit or any Excepted Holder Limit (each as defined in Articles) and calculated in accordance therewith, except as provided in the Articles, (ii) result in REIT Shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution), (iii) result in ARP REIT being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, (iv) cause ARP REIT to own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant (other than a TRS) of ARP REIT’s, the Partnership’s or a Subsidiary Partnership’s real property, within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code, (v) otherwise cause ARP REIT to fail to qualify as a REIT under the Code, or (vi) cause the acquisition of REIT Shares by such Limited Partner to be “integrated” with any other distribution of REIT Shares or Common Units for purposes of complying with the registration provisions of the Securities Act. ARP REIT, in its sole and absolute discretion, may waive the restriction on redemption set forth in this Section 8.04(c).

 

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(d) Each Redeeming Limited Partner covenants and agrees that all Common Units tendered for redemption pursuant to this Section 8.04 will be delivered to the Partnership or ARP REIT free and clear of all liens, claims, and encumbrances whatsoever and should any such liens, claims or encumbrances exist or arise with respect to such Common Units, neither the Partnership nor ARP REIT shall be under any obligation to acquire such Common Units pursuant to Section 8.04(a) or Section 8.04(b) hereof. Each Redeeming Limited Partner further agrees that, in the event any state or local property transfer tax is payable as a result of the transfer of its Common Units to the Partnership or ARP REIT, such Redeeming Limited Partner shall assume and pay such transfer tax.

(e) Any Cash Amount to be paid to a Redeeming Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 8.04 shall be paid on the Specified Redemption Date; provided , that the General Partner may elect to cause the Specified Redemption Date to be delayed for up to an additional 180 days to the extent required for ARP REIT to cause additional REIT Shares to be issued to provide financing to be used to make such payment of the Cash Amount and may also delay such Specified Redemption Date to the extent necessary to effect compliance with applicable requirements of the law. Any REIT Share Amount to be paid to a Redeeming Limited Partner pursuant to this Section 8.04 shall be paid on the Specified Redemption Date; provided , that the General Partner may elect to cause the Specified Redemption Date to be delayed to the extent necessary to effect compliance with applicable requirements of the law. Notwithstanding the foregoing, ARP REIT agrees to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the closing of the acquisition of redeemed Common Units hereunder to occur as quickly as reasonably possible.

(f) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the General Partner is authorized to take any action that it determines to be necessary or appropriate to cause the General Partner and the Partnership to comply with any withholding requirements established under the Code or any other federal, state, local or foreign law that apply upon a Redeeming Limited Partner’s exercise of the Redemption Right. If a Redeeming Limited Partner believes that it is exempt from such withholding upon the exercise of the Redemption Right, such Redeeming Limited Partner must furnish the General Partner with a FIRPTA Certificate in the form attached hereto as Exhibit C and any similar forms or certificates required to avoid or reduce the withholding under federal, state, local or foreign law or such other form as the General Partner may reasonably request. If the Partnership, ARP REIT or the General Partner is required to withhold and pay over to any taxing authority any amount upon a Redeeming Limited Partner’s exercise of the Redemption Right and if the Redemption Amount equals or exceeds the Withheld Amount, the Withheld Amount shall be treated as an amount received by such Redeeming Limited Partner in redemption of its Common Units. If, however, the Redemption Amount is less than the Withheld Amount, the Redeeming Limited Partner shall not receive any portion of the Redemption Amount, the Redemption Amount shall be treated as an amount received by such Redeeming Limited Partner in redemption of its Common Units, and such Redeeming Limited Partner shall contribute the excess of the Withheld Amount over the Redemption Amount to the Partnership before the Partnership is required to pay over such excess to a taxing authority.

(g) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, the General Partner may place appropriate restrictions on the ability of the Limited Partners to exercise their Redemption Rights as and if deemed necessary or reasonable to ensure that the Partnership does not constitute a “publicly traded partnership” under Section 7704 of the Code. If and when the General Partner

 

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determines that imposing such restrictions is necessary, the General Partner shall give prompt written notice thereof (a “ Restriction Notice ”) to each of the Limited Partners, which notice shall be accompanied by a copy of an opinion of counsel to the Partnership that states that, in the opinion of such counsel, restrictions are necessary or reasonable in order to avoid the Partnership being treated as a “publicly traded partnership” under Section 7704 of the Code.

8.05 Registration . Subject to the terms of any agreement between the General Partner or the Partnership and a Limited Partner with respect to Common Units held by such Limited Partner:

(a) Shelf Registration of the REIT Shares . Following the date on which ARP REIT becomes eligible to use a registration statement on Form S-3 for the registration of securities under the Securities Act (the “ S-3 Eligible Date ”) and thereafter, and within the time period that may be agreed to by ARP REIT and a Limited Partner (other than ARP REIT or any Subsidiary of ARP REIT), ARP REIT shall file with the Commission a shelf registration statement under Rule 415 of the Securities Act (a “ Registration Statement ”), or any similar rule that may be adopted by the Commission, covering (i) the issuance of REIT Shares issuable upon redemption of the Common Units held by such Limited Partner (“ Redemption Shares ”) and/or (ii) the resale by the holder of the Redemption Shares, with respect to Common Units issued prior to the S-3 Eligible Date; provided , that ARP REIT shall be required to file only two such registrations in any 12-month period. In connection therewith, ARP REIT will:

(1) use commercially reasonable efforts to have such Registration Statement declared effective;

(2) register or qualify the Redemption Shares covered by the Registration Statement under the securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions within the United States as required by law, and do such other reasonable acts and things as may be required of it to enable such holders to consummate the sale or other disposition in such jurisdictions of the Redemption Shares; provided , that ARP REIT shall not be required to (i) qualify as a foreign corporation or consent to a general or unlimited service or process in any jurisdictions in which it would not otherwise be required to be qualified or so consent or (ii) qualify as a dealer in securities; and

(3) otherwise use commercially reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the Commission in connection with a Registration Statement.

ARP REIT further agrees to supplement or make amendments to each Registration Statement, if required by the rules, regulations or instructions applicable to the registration form utilized by ARP REIT or by the Securities Act or rules and regulations thereunder for such Registration Statement. Each Limited Partner agrees to furnish to ARP REIT, upon request, such information with respect to the Limited Partner as may be required to complete and file the Registration Statement.

 

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In connection with and as a condition to ARP REIT’s obligations with respect to the filing of a Registration Statement pursuant to this Section 8.05, each Limited Partner agrees with ARP REIT that:

(i) it will provide in a timely manner to ARP REIT such information with respect to the Limited Partner as reasonably required to complete the Registration Statement or as otherwise required to comply with applicable securities laws and regulations;

(ii) it will not offer or sell its Redemption Shares until (A) such Redemption Shares have been included in a Registration Statement and (B) it has received notice that the Registration Statement covering such Redemption Shares, or any post-effective amendment thereto, has been declared effective by the Commission, such notice being satisfied by the posting by the Commission on www.sec.gov of a notice of effectiveness;

(iii) if ARP REIT determines in its good faith judgment, after consultation with counsel, that the use of the Registration Statement, including any pre- or post-effective amendment thereto, or the use of any prospectus contained in such Registration Statement would require the disclosure of important information that ARP REIT has a bona fide business purpose for preserving as confidential or the disclosure of which would impede ARP REIT’s ability to consummate a significant transaction, upon written notice of such determination by ARP REIT, the rights of each Limited Partner to offer, sell or distribute its Redemption Shares pursuant to such Registration Statement or prospectus or to require ARP REIT to take action with respect to the registration or sale of any Redemption Shares pursuant to a Registration Statement (including any action contemplated by this Section 8.05) will be suspended until the date upon which ARP REIT notifies such Limited Partner in writing that suspension of such rights for the grounds set forth in this paragraph is no longer necessary; provided , that ARP REIT may not suspend such rights for an aggregate period of more than 180 days in any 12-month period. Notice referenced in this paragraph (iii) shall be deemed sufficient if given through the issuance of a press release or filing with the Commission and, if such notice is not publicly distributed, the Limited Partner agrees to keep the subject information confidential and acknowledge such information may constitute material non-public information subject to the restrictions under applicable securities laws; and

(iv) in the case of the registration of any underwritten equity offering proposed by ARP REIT (other than any registration by ARP REIT on Form S-8, or a successor or substantially similar form, of an employee stock option, stock purchase or compensation plan or of securities issued or issuable pursuant to any such plan), each Limited Partner will agree, if requested in writing by the managing underwriter or underwriters administering such offering, not to effect any offer, sale or distribution of any REIT Shares or Redemption Shares (or any option or right to acquire REIT Shares or Redemption Shares) during the period commencing on the tenth day prior to the expected effective date (which date shall be stated in such notice) of the registration statement covering such underwritten primary equity offering or, if such offering shall be a “take-down” from an effective shelf registration statement, the tenth day prior to the expected commencement date (which date shall be stated in such notice) of such offering, and ending on the date specified by such managing underwriter in such written request to the Limited Partners; provided , that no Limited Partner shall be required to agree not to effect any offer, sale or distribution of its Redemption Shares for a period of time that is longer than the greater of 90 days or the period of time for which any senior executive of ARP REIT is required so to agree in connection with such offering. Nothing in this paragraph shall be read to limit the ability of any Limited Partner to redeem its Common Units in accordance with the terms of this Agreement.

 

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(b) Listing on Securities Exchange . If ARP REIT lists or maintains the listing of REIT Shares on any securities exchange or national market system, it shall, at its expense and as necessary to permit the registration and sale of the Redemption Shares hereunder, list thereon, maintain and, when necessary, increase such listing to include such Redemption Shares.

(c) Registration Not Required . Notwithstanding the foregoing, ARP REIT shall not be required to file or maintain the effectiveness of a registration statement relating to Redemption Shares after the first date upon which, in the opinion of counsel to ARP REIT, all of the Redemption Shares covered thereby could be sold by the holders thereof either (i) pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act, or any successor rule thereto (“Rule 144”) without limitation as to amount or manner of sale or (ii) pursuant to Rule 144 in one transaction in accordance with the volume limitations contained in Rule 144(e).

(d) Allocation of Expenses . The Partnership shall pay all expenses in connection with the Registration Statement, including without limitation (i) all expenses incident to filing with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., (ii) registration fees, (iii) printing expenses, (iv) accounting and legal fees and expenses, except to the extent holders of Redemption Shares elect to engage accountants or attorneys in addition to the accountants and attorneys engaged by ARP REIT or the Partnership, which fees and expenses for such accountants or attorneys shall be for the account of the holders of the Redemption Shares, (v) accounting expenses incident to or required by any such registration or qualification and (vi) expenses of complying with the securities or blue sky laws of any jurisdictions in connection with such registration or qualification; provided , neither the Partnership nor ARP REIT shall be liable for (A) any discounts or commissions to any underwriter or broker attributable to the sale of Redemption Shares, or (B) any fees or expenses incurred by holders of Redemption Shares in connection with such registration that, according to the written instructions of any regulatory authority, the Partnership or ARP REIT is not permitted to pay.

(e) Indemnification .

(i) In connection with the Registration Statement, ARP REIT and the Partnership agree to indemnify each holder of Redemption Shares and each Person who controls any such holder of Redemption Shares within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, against all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses (including reasonable costs of investigation) caused by any untrue, or alleged untrue, statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, preliminary prospectus or prospectus (as amended or supplemented if ARP REIT shall have furnished any amendments or supplements thereto) or caused by any omission or alleged omission, to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, except insofar as such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses are caused by any untrue statement, alleged untrue statement, omission, or alleged omission based upon information furnished to ARP REIT by the Limited Partner of the holder for use therein. ARP REIT and each officer, director and controlling person of ARP REIT and the Partnership shall be indemnified by each Limited Partner or holder of Redemption Shares covered by the Registration Statement for all such losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses (including reasonable costs of investigation) caused by any untrue, or alleged untrue, statement or any omission, or alleged omission, based upon information furnished to ARP REIT by the Limited Partner or the holder for use therein.

 

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(ii) Promptly upon receipt by a party indemnified under this Section 8.05(e) of notice of the commencement of any action against such indemnified party in respect of which indemnity or reimbursement may be sought against any indemnifying party under this Section 8.05(e), such indemnified party shall notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement of such action, but the failure to so notify the indemnifying party shall not relieve it of any liability that it may have to any indemnified party otherwise than under this Section 8.05(e) unless such failure shall materially adversely affect the defense of such action. In case notice of commencement of any such action shall be given to the indemnifying party as above provided, the indemnifying party shall be entitled to participate in and, to the extent it may wish, jointly with any other indemnifying party similarly notified, to assume the defense of such action at its own expense, with counsel chosen by it and reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party. The indemnified party shall have the right to employ separate counsel in any such action and participate in the defense thereof, but the reasonable fees and expenses of such counsel (other than reasonable costs of investigation) shall be paid by the indemnified party unless (i) the indemnifying party agrees to pay the same, (ii) the indemnifying party fails to assume the defense of such action with counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party or (iii) the named parties to any such action (including any impleaded parties) have been advised by such counsel that representation of such indemnified party and the indemnifying party by the same counsel would be inappropriate under applicable standards of professional conduct (in which case the indemnified party shall have the right to separate counsel and the indemnifying party shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of such separate counsel, provided that, the indemnifying party shall not be liable for more than one separate counsel). No indemnifying party shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding entered into without its consent.

(f) Contribution .

(i) If for any reason the indemnification provisions contemplated by Section 8.05(e) hereof are either unavailable or insufficient to hold harmless an indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then the party that would otherwise be required to provide indemnification or the indemnifying party (in either case, for purposes of this Section 8.05(f), the “ Indemnifying Party ”) in respect of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by the party that would otherwise be entitled to indemnification or the indemnified party (in either case, for purposes of this Section 8.05(f), the “ Indemnified Party ”) as a result of such losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expense, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative fault of the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the Indemnifying Party and Indemnified Party shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact related to information supplied by the Indemnifying Party or Indemnified Party, and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses, claims, damages, liabilities and expenses referred to above shall be deemed to include any legal or other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such party.

 

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(ii) The parties hereto agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 8.05(f) were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the holders were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in the immediately preceding paragraph. No person or entity determined to have committed a fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person or entity who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

(iii) The contribution provided for in this Section 8.05(f) shall survive the termination of this Agreement and shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Indemnified Party.

ARTICLE IX

TRANSFERS OF PARTNERSHIP INTERESTS

9.01 Purchase for Investment .

(a) Each Limited Partner, by its signature below or by its subsequent admission to the Partnership, hereby represents and warrants to the General Partner and to the Partnership that the acquisition of such Limited Partner’s Partnership Units is made for investment purposes only and not with a view to the resale or distribution of such Partnership Units.

(b) Subject to the provisions of Section 9.02 hereof, each Limited Partner agrees that such Limited Partner will not sell, assign or otherwise transfer such Limited Partner’s Partnership Units or any fraction thereof, whether voluntarily or by operation of law or at judicial sale or otherwise, to any Person who does not make the representations and warranties to the General Partner set forth in Section 9.01(a) hereof.

9.02 Restrictions on Transfer of Partnership Units .

(a) Subject to the provisions of Sections 9.02(b) and (c) hereof, no Limited Partner may offer, sell, assign, hypothecate, pledge or otherwise transfer all or any portion of such Limited Partner’s Partnership Units, or any of such Limited Partner’s economic rights as a Limited Partner, whether voluntarily or by operation of law or at judicial sale or otherwise (collectively, a “ Transfer ”) without the consent of the General Partner, which consent may be granted or withheld in the General Partner’s sole and absolute discretion; provided , that the term Transfer does not include (a) any redemption of Common Units by the Partnership or ARP REIT, or acquisition of Common Units by ARP REIT, pursuant to Section 8.04 or (b) any redemption of Partnership Units pursuant to any Partnership Unit Designation. The General Partner may require, as a condition of any Transfer to which it consents, that the transferor assume all costs incurred by the Partnership in connection therewith (including, but not limited to, cost of legal counsel).

(b) No Limited Partner may withdraw from the Partnership other than as a result of a permitted Transfer ( i.e. , a Transfer consented to as contemplated by clause (a) above or a Transfer pursuant to Section 9.05 hereof) of all of such Limited Partner’s Partnership Units pursuant to this Article IX or pursuant to a redemption of all of such Limited Partner’s Common Units pursuant to Section 8.04 hereof. Upon the permitted Transfer or redemption of all of a Limited Partner’s Common Units, such Limited Partner shall cease to be a Limited Partner.

 

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(c) No Limited Partner may effect a Transfer of its Partnership Units, in whole or in part, if, in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, such proposed Transfer would require the registration of the Partnership Units under the Securities Act or would otherwise violate any applicable federal or state securities or blue sky law (including investment suitability standards).

(d) No Transfer by a Limited Partner of its Partnership Units, in whole or in part, may be made to any Person (including pursuant to the Redemption Right) if (i) in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, such Transfer would result in the Partnership being treated as an association taxable as a corporation (other than a qualified REIT subsidiary within the meaning of Section 856(i) of the Code), (ii) in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, it would adversely affect the ability of ARP REIT to continue to qualify as a REIT or subject ARP REIT to any additional taxes under Section 857 or Section 4981 of the Code, (iii) such Transfer is effectuated through an “established securities market” or a “secondary market (or the substantial equivalent thereof)” within the meaning of Section 7704 of the Code or (iv) in the opinion of legal counsel for the Partnership, such Transfer is reasonably likely to cause the Partnership to fail to satisfy the 90% qualifying income test described in Section 7704(c) of the Code.

(e) Any purported Transfer in contravention of any of the provisions of this Article IX shall be void ab initio and ineffectual and shall not be binding upon, or recognized by, the General Partner or the Partnership.

(f) Prior to the consummation of any Transfer under this Article IX, the transferor and/or the transferee shall deliver to the General Partner such opinions, certificates and other documents as the General Partner shall request in connection with such Transfer.

9.03 Admission of Substitute Limited Partner .

(a) Subject to the other provisions of this Article IX, an assignee of the Partnership Units of a Limited Partner (which shall be understood to include any purchaser, transferee, donee or other recipient of any disposition of such Partnership Units) shall be deemed admitted as a Limited Partner of the Partnership only with the consent of the General Partner, which consent may be given or withheld by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion, and upon the satisfactory completion of the following:

(i) The assignee shall have accepted and agreed to be bound by the terms and provisions of this Agreement by executing a counterpart or an amendment thereof, including a revised Exhibit A , and such other documents or instruments as the General Partner may require in order to effect the admission of such Person as a Limited Partner.

(ii) To the extent required, an amended Certificate evidencing the admission of such Person as a Limited Partner shall have been signed, acknowledged and filed in accordance with the Act.

(iii) The assignee shall have delivered a letter containing the representations and warranties set forth in Sections 9.01(a) and 9.01(b) hereof.

 

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(iv) If the assignee is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company or trust, the assignee shall have provided the General Partner with evidence satisfactory to counsel for the Partnership of the assignee’s authority to become a Limited Partner under the terms and provisions of this Agreement.

(v) The assignee shall have executed a power of attorney containing the terms and provisions set forth in Section 8.02 hereof.

(vi) The assignee shall have paid all legal fees and other expenses of the Partnership and the General Partner and filing and publication costs in connection with its substitution as a Limited Partner.

(vii) The assignee shall have obtained the prior written consent of the General Partner to its admission as a Substitute Limited Partner, which consent may be given or denied in the exercise of the General Partner’s sole and absolute discretion.

(b) For the purpose of allocating Profits and Losses and distributing cash received by the Partnership, a Substitute Limited Partner shall be treated as having become, and appearing in the records of the Partnership as, a Partner upon the filing of the Certificate described in Section 9.03(a)(ii) hereof or, if no such filing is required, the later of the date specified in the transfer documents or the date on which the General Partner has received all necessary instruments of transfer and substitution.

(c) The General Partner and the Substitute Limited Partner shall cooperate with each other by preparing the documentation required by this Section 9.03 and making all official filings and publications. The Partnership shall take all such action as promptly as practicable after the satisfaction of the conditions in this Article IX to the admission of such Person as a Limited Partner of the Partnership.

9.04 Rights of Assignees of Partnership Units .

(a) Subject to the provisions of Section 9.01 and Section 9.02 hereof, except as required by operation of law, the Partnership shall not be obligated for any purposes whatsoever to recognize the assignment by any Limited Partner of its Partnership Units until the Partnership has received notice thereof.

(b) Any Person who is the assignee of all or any portion of a Limited Partner’s Partnership Units, but does not become a Substitute Limited Partner and desires to make a further assignment of such Partnership Units, shall be subject to all the provisions of this Article IX to the same extent and in the same manner as any Limited Partner desiring to make an assignment of its Partnership Units.

9.05 Effect of Bankruptcy, Death, Incompetence or Termination of a Limited Partner . The occurrence of an Event of Bankruptcy as to a Limited Partner, the death of a Limited Partner or a final adjudication that a Limited Partner is incompetent (which term shall include, but not be limited to, insanity) shall not cause the termination or dissolution of the Partnership, and the business of the Partnership shall continue if an order for relief in a bankruptcy proceeding is entered against a Limited Partner, the trustee or receiver of his estate or, if such Limited Partner dies, such

 

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Limited Partner’s executor, administrator or trustee, or, if such Limited Partner is finally adjudicated incompetent, such Limited Partner’s committee, guardian or conservator, shall have the rights of such Limited Partner for the purpose of settling or managing such Limited Partner’s estate property and such power as the bankrupt, deceased or incompetent Limited Partner possessed to assign all or any part of such Limited Partner’s Partnership Units and to join with the assignee in satisfying conditions precedent to the admission of the assignee as a Substitute Limited Partner.

9.06 Joint Ownership of Partnership Units . A Partnership Unit may be acquired by two individuals as joint tenants with right of survivorship, provided that such individuals either are married or are related and share the same home as tenants in common. The written consent or vote of both owners of any such jointly held Partnership Unit shall be required to constitute the action of the owners of such Partnership Unit; provided , that the written consent of only one joint owner will be required if the Partnership has been provided with evidence satisfactory to the counsel for the Partnership that the actions of a single joint owner can bind both owners under the applicable laws of the state of residence of such joint owners. Upon the death of one owner of a Partnership Unit held in a joint tenancy with a right of survivorship, the Partnership Unit shall become owned solely by the survivor as a Limited Partner and not as an assignee. The Partnership need not recognize the death of one of the owners of a jointly-held Partnership Unit until it shall have received certificated notice of such death. Upon notice to the General Partner from either owner, the General Partner shall cause the Partnership Unit to be divided into two equal Partnership Units, which shall thereafter be owned separately by each of the former owners.

ARTICLE X

BOOKS AND RECORDS; ACCOUNTING; TAX MATTERS

10.01 Books and Records . At all times during the continuance of the Partnership, the General Partner shall keep or cause to be kept at the Partnership’s specified office true and complete books of account in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, including: (a) a current list of the full name and last known business address of each Partner, (b) a copy of the Certificate of Limited Partnership and all certificates of amendment thereto, (c) copies of the Partnership’s federal, state and local income tax returns and reports, (d) copies of this Agreement and any financial statements of the Partnership for the three most recent years and (e) all documents and information required under the Act. Any Partner or its duly authorized representative, upon paying the costs of collection, duplication and mailing, shall be entitled to a copy of such records upon reasonable request.

10.02 Custody of Partnership Funds; Bank Accounts .

(a) All funds of the Partnership not otherwise invested shall be deposited in one or more accounts maintained in such banking or brokerage institutions as the General Partner shall determine, and withdrawals shall be made only on such signature or signatures as the General Partner may, from time to time, determine.

(b) All deposits and other funds not needed in the operation of the business of the Partnership may be invested by the General Partner. The funds of the Partnership shall not be commingled with the funds of any Person other than the General Partner, except for such commingling as may necessarily result from an investment in those investment companies permitted by this Section 10.02(b).

 

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10.03 Fiscal and Taxable Year . The fiscal and taxable year of the Partnership shall be the calendar year unless otherwise required by the Code.

10.04 Annual Tax Information and Report . The General Partner shall use commercially reasonable efforts to furnish to each person who was a Limited Partner at any time during such year, within 75 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Partnership, the tax information necessary to file such Limited Partner’s individual tax returns as shall be reasonably required by law.

10.05 Tax Matters Partner; Tax Elections; Special Basis Adjustments .

(a) The General Partner shall be the Tax Matters Partner of the Partnership. As Tax Matters Partner, the General Partner shall have the right and obligation to take all actions authorized and required, respectively, by the Code for the Tax Matters Partner. The General Partner shall have the right to retain professional assistance in respect of any audit of the Partnership by the Service and all out-of-pocket expenses and fees incurred by the General Partner on behalf of the Partnership as Tax Matters Partner shall constitute Partnership expenses. In the event the General Partner receives notice of a final Partnership adjustment under Section 6223(a)(2) of the Code, the General Partner shall either (i) file a court petition for judicial review of such final adjustment within the period provided under Section 6226(a) of the Code, a copy of which petition shall be mailed to all Limited Partners on the date such petition is filed, or (ii) mail a written notice to all Limited Partners, within such period, that describes the General Partner’s reasons for determining not to file such a petition.

(b) All elections required or permitted to be made by the Partnership under the Code or any applicable state or local tax law shall be made by the General Partner in its sole and absolute discretion.

(c) In the event of a transfer of all or any part of the Partnership Interest of any Partner, the Partnership, at the option of the General Partner, may elect pursuant to Section 754 of the Code to adjust the basis of the Properties. Notwithstanding anything contained in Article V of this Agreement, any adjustments made pursuant to Section 754 shall affect only the successor in interest to the transferring Partner and in no event shall be taken into account in establishing, maintaining or computing Capital Accounts for the other Partners for any purpose under this Agreement. Each Partner will furnish the Partnership with all information necessary to give effect to such election.

(d) The Partners, intending to be legally bound, hereby authorize the Partnership to make an election (the “ Safe Harbor Election ”) to have the “liquidation value” safe harbor provided in Proposed Treasury Regulation § 1.83-3(1) and the Proposed Revenue Procedure set forth in Internal Revenue Service Notice 2005-43, as such safe harbor may be modified when such proposed guidance is issued in final form or as amended by subsequently issued guidance (the “ Safe Harbor ”), apply to any interest in the Partnership transferred to a service provider while the Safe Harbor Election remains effective, to the extent such interest meets the Safe Harbor requirements (collectively, such interests are referred to as “ Safe Harbor Interests ”). The Tax Matters Partner is

 

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authorized and directed to execute and file the Safe Harbor Election on behalf of the Partnership and the Partners. The Partnership and the Partners (including any person to whom an interest in the Partnership is transferred in connection with the performance of services) hereby agree to comply with all requirements of the Safe Harbor (including forfeiture allocations) with respect to all Safe Harbor Interests and to prepare and file all U.S. federal income tax returns reporting the tax consequences of the issuance and vesting of Safe Harbor Interests consistent with such final Safe Harbor guidance. The Partnership is also authorized to take such actions as are necessary to achieve, under the Safe Harbor, the effect that the election and compliance with all requirements of the Safe Harbor referred to above would be intended to achieve under Proposed Treasury Regulation § 1.83-3, including amending this Agreement. In the event the Safe Harbor Election is rendered moot or obsolete by future legislation that amends Section 83 of the Code, this Section 10.05(d) shall have no effect. The liquidation value of each LTIP Unit shall be zero upon grant as provided in Section 4.04(c)(i).

(e) Each Limited Partner shall be required to provide such information as reasonably requested by the Partnership in order to determine whether such Limited Partner (i) owns, directly or constructively (within the meaning of Section 318(a) of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code and Section 7704(d)(3) of the Code), 5% or more of the value of the Partnership or (ii) owns, directly or constructively (within the meaning of Section 318(a) of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code and Section 7704(d)(3) of the Code),10% or more of (a) the stock, by voting power or value, of a tenant (other than a “taxable REIT subsidiary” within the meaning of Section 856(d) of the Code) of the Partnership that is a corporation or (b) the assets or net profits of a tenant of the Partnership that is a noncorporate entity.

ARTICLE XI

AMENDMENT OF AGREEMENT; MERGER

11.01 Amendment of Agreement .

The General Partner’s consent shall be required for any amendment to this Agreement. The General Partner, without the consent of the Limited Partners, may amend this Agreement in any respect; provided , that the following amendments shall require the consent of a Majority in Interest (other than the General Partner or any Subsidiary of the General Partner):

(a) any amendment affecting the operation of the Conversion Factor or the Redemption Right (except as otherwise provided herein) in a manner that adversely affects the Limited Partners in any material respect;

(b) any amendment that would adversely affect the rights of the Limited Partners to receive the distributions payable to them hereunder, other than with respect to the issuance of additional Partnership Units pursuant to Section 4.02 hereof;

(c) any amendment that would alter the Partnership’s allocations of Profit and Loss to the Limited Partners, other than with respect to the issuance of additional Partnership Units pursuant to Section 4.02 hereof;

 

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(d) any amendment that would impose on the Limited Partners any obligation to make additional Capital Contributions to the Partnership; or

(e) any amendment to this Article XI.

11.02 Merger of Partnership .

The General Partner, without the consent of the Limited Partners, may (i) merge or consolidate the Partnership with or into any other domestic or foreign partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company or corporation or (ii) sell all or substantially all of the assets of the Partnership in a transaction pursuant to which the Limited Partners (other than the General Partner, ARP REIT or any Subsidiary of the General Partner or ARP REIT) receive the consideration set forth in Section 7.01(c)(ii) hereof or in a transaction that complies with Section 7.01(c)(iii) or Section 7.01(d) hereof and may amend this Agreement in connection with any such transaction consistent with the provisions of this Article XI; provided , that the consent of a Majority in Interest shall be required in the case of any other (a) merger or consolidation of the Partnership with or into any other domestic or foreign partnership, limited partnership, limited liability company or corporation or (b) sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Partnership.

ARTICLE XII

GENERAL PROVISIONS

12.01 Notices . All communications required or permitted under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given when delivered personally, by email, by press release, by posting on the web site of the General Partner or upon deposit in the United States mail, registered, first-class postage prepaid return receipt requested, or via courier to the Partners at the addresses set forth in Exhibit A attached hereto, as it may be amended or restated from time to time; provided , that any Partner may specify a different address by notifying the General Partner in writing of such different address. Notices to the General Partner and the Partnership shall be delivered at or mailed to its principal office address set forth in Section 2.03 hereof. The General Partner and the Partnership may specify a different address by notifying the Limited Partners in writing of such different address.

12.02 Survival of Rights . Subject to the provisions hereof limiting Transfers, this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the Partners and the Partnership and their permitted respective legal representatives, successors, transferees and assigns.

12.03 Additional Documents . Each Partner agrees to perform all further acts and execute, swear to, acknowledge and deliver all further documents that may be reasonable, necessary, appropriate or desirable to carry out the provisions of this Agreement or the Act.

12.04 Severability . If any provision of this Agreement shall be declared illegal, invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, then such provision shall be deemed to be severable from this Agreement (to the extent permitted by law) and in any event such illegality, invalidity or unenforceability shall not affect the remainder hereof. To the extent permitted under applicable law, the severed provision shall be interpreted or modified so as to be enforceable to the maximum extent permitted by law.

 

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12.05 Entire Agreement . This Agreement and exhibits attached hereto constitute the entire Agreement of the Partners and supersede all prior written agreements and prior and contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof.

12.06 Pronouns and Plurals . When the context in which words are used in the Agreement indicates that such is the intent, words in the singular number shall include the plural and the masculine gender shall include the neuter or female gender as the context may require.

12.07 Headings . The Article headings or sections in this Agreement are for convenience only and shall not be used in construing the scope of this Agreement or any particular Article.

12.08 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed by hand or by power of attorney in several counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original copy and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument binding on all parties hereto, notwithstanding that all parties shall not have signed the same counterpart.

12.09 Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware.

[ SIGNATURE PAGES FOLLOW ]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have hereunder affixed their signatures to this Agreement of Limited Partnership, all as of the 11th day of May, 2012.

 

GENERAL PARTNER:
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC.
By:   American Residential Properties, Inc.
Its:   Sole Member
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
  Title:   Chief Executive Officer
LIMITED PARTNER:
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
  Title:   Chief Executive Officer
LIMITED PARTNER:
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz, Member
  Title:   Chief Executive Officer
LIMITED PARTNER:

/ S / S TEPHEN G. S CHMITZ

STEPHEN G. SCHMITZ
LIMITED PARTNER:

/ S / L AURIE A. H AWKES

LAURIE A. HAWKES


LIMITED PARTNER:

/ S / D OUGLAS N. B ENHAM

DOUGLAS N. BENHAM
LIMITED PARTNER:

/ S / D AVID M. B RAIN

DAVID M. BRAIN
LIMITED PARTNER:

/ S / K EITH R. G UERICKE

KEITH R. GUERICKE
LIMITED PARTNER:

/ S / M ICHELLE D. S TEWART

MICHELLE D. STEWART
LIMITED PARTNER:

/ S / J OSH E. K ELLNER

JOSH E. KELLNER


LIMITED PARTNER:

/ S / A NDREW G. K ENT

ANDREW G. KENT
As of May 14, 2012


EXHIBIT A

Partners, Capital Contributions and Percentage Interests

 

Exhibit A-1


EXHIBIT B

NOTICE OF REDEMPTION

In accordance with Section 8.04 of the Agreement of Limited Partnership, as amended (the “Agreement”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., the undersigned hereby irrevocably (i) presents for redemption              Common Units in American Residential Properties OP, L.P. in accordance with the terms of the Agreement and the Redemption Right referred to in Section 8.04 thereof, (ii) surrenders such Common Units and all right, title and interest therein and (iii) directs that the Cash Amount or REIT Shares Amount (as defined in the Agreement) as determined by the General Partner deliverable upon exercise of the Redemption Right be delivered to the address specified below, and if REIT Shares (as defined in the Agreement) are to be delivered, such REIT Shares be registered or placed in the name(s) and at the address(es) specified below. The undersigned hereby represents, warrants and certifies that the undersigned (a) has title to such Common Units, free and clear of the rights and interests of any person or entity other than the Partnership or the General Partner; (b) has the full right, power and authority to cause the redemption of the Common Units as provided herein; and (c) has obtained the approval of all persons or entities, if any, having the right to consent to or approve the Common Units for redemption.

Dated:             ,     

Name of Limited Partner:

 

 

(Signature of Limited Partner or Authorized Representative)

 

(Mailing Address)

 

(City)  (State)  (Zip Code)
Signature Guaranteed by:

 

If REIT Shares are to be issued, issue to:

Please insert social security or identifying number:

Name:

 

 

Exhibit B-1


EXHIBIT C-1

CERTIFICATION OF NON-FOREIGN STATUS

(FOR REDEEMING LIMITED PARTNERS THAT ARE ENTITIES)

Under Section 1445(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), in the event of a disposition by a non-U.S. person of a partnership interest in a partnership in which (i) 50% or more of the value of the gross assets consists of United States real property interests (“USRPIs”), as defined in Section 897(c) of the Code, and (ii) 90% or more of the value of the gross assets consists of USRPIs, cash, and cash equivalents, the transferee will be required to withhold 10% of the amount realized by the non-U.S. person upon the disposition. To inform American Residential GP, LLC (the “General Partner”) and American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (the “Partnership”) that no withholding is required with respect to the redemption by                      (“Partner”) of its Common Units in the Partnership, the undersigned hereby certifies the following on behalf of Partner:

 

1. Partner is not a foreign corporation, foreign partnership, foreign trust, or foreign estate, as those terms are defined in the Code and the Treasury regulations thereunder.

 

2. Partner is not a disregarded entity as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.1445-2(b)(2)(iii).

 

3. The U.S. employer identification number of Partner is                     .

 

4. The principal business address of Partner is:                                         ,                                          and Partner’s place of incorporation is                     .

 

5. Partner agrees to inform the General Partner if it becomes a foreign person at any time during the three-year period immediately following the date of this notice.

 

6. Partner understands that this certification may be disclosed to the Internal Revenue Service by the General Partner and that any false statement contained herein could be punished by fine, imprisonment, or both.

 

PARTNER:

 

By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title:  

 

 

Exhibit C-1-1


Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this certification and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it is true, correct, and complete, and I further declare that I have authority to sign this document on behalf of Partner.

 

Date:  

 

   

 

      Name:  
      Title:  

 

Exhibit C-1-2


EXHIBIT C-2

CERTIFICATION OF NON-FOREIGN STATUS

(FOR REDEEMING LIMITED PARTNERS THAT ARE INDIVIDUALS)

Under Section 1445(e) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), in the event of a disposition by a non-U.S. person of a partnership interest in a partnership in which (i) 50% or more of the value of the gross assets consists of United States real property interests (“USRPIs”), as defined in Section 897(c) of the Code, and (ii) 90% or more of the value of the gross assets consists of USRPIs, cash, and cash equivalents, the transferee will be required to withhold 10% of the amount realized by the non-U.S. person upon the disposition. To inform American Residential GP, LLC (the “General Partner”) and American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (the “Partnership”) that no withholding is required with respect to my redemption of my Common Units in the Partnership, I,                     , hereby certify the following:

 

1. I am not a nonresident alien for purposes of U.S. income taxation.

 

2. My U.S. taxpayer identification number (social security number) is                     .

 

3. My home address is:                                        .

 

4. I agree to inform the General Partner promptly if I become a nonresident alien at any time during the three-year period immediately following the date of this notice.

 

5. I understand that this certification may be disclosed to the Internal Revenue Service by the General Partner and that any false statement contained herein could be punished by fine, imprisonment, or both.

 

 

Name:

Under penalties of perjury, I declare that I have examined this certification and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, it is true, correct, and complete.

 

Date:  

 

   

 

      Name:  
      Title:  

 

Exhibit C-2-1


EXHIBIT D

NOTICE OF ELECTION BY PARTNER TO CONVERT

LTIP UNITS INTO COMMON UNITS

The undersigned holder of LTIP Units hereby irrevocably: (i) elects to convert the number of LTIP Units in American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (the “Partnership”) set forth below into Common Units in accordance with the terms of the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Partnership, as amended; and (ii) directs that any cash in lieu of Common Units that may be deliverable upon such conversion be delivered to the address specified below. The undersigned hereby represents, warrants and certifies that the undersigned: (a) has title to such LTIP Units, free and clear of the rights or interests of any other person or entity other than the Partnership or the General Partner; (b) has the full right, power, and authority to cause the conversion of such LTIP Units as provided herein; and (c) has obtained the consent to or approval of all persons or entities, if any, having the right to consent to or approve such conversion.

 

Name of Holder:  

 

  
 

(Please Print: Exact Name as Registered with Partnership)

  
Number of LTIP Units to be Converted:   

 

  
Date of this Notice:  

 

  

 

 

(Signature of Holder: Sign Exact Name as Registered with Partnership)

 

(Street Address)      

 

(City)    (State)    (Zip Code)

 

Signature Guaranteed by:   

 

 

Exhibit D-1


EXHIBIT E

NOTICE OF ELECTION BY PARTNERSHIP TO FORCE CONVERSION

OF LTIP UNITS INTO COMMON UNITS

American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (the “Partnership”) hereby elects to cause the number of LTIP Units held by the holder of LTIP Units set forth below to be converted into Common Units in accordance with the terms of the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Partnership, as amended, effective as of                      (the “Conversion Date”).

 

Name of Holder:  

 

  
 

(Please Print: Exact Name as Registered with Partnership)

  

 

Number of LTIP Units to be Converted:   

 

  
Date of this Notice:  

 

     

 

Exhibit E-1

Exhibit 10.1

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

2012 EQUITY INCENTIVE PLAN


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Section

       Page  

Article I DEFINITIONS

     1  

1.01.

 

Affiliate

     1  

1.02.

 

Agreement

     1  

1.03.

 

Board

     1  

1.04.

 

Change in Control

     1  

1.05.

 

Code

     3  

1.06.

 

Committee

     3  

1.07.

 

Common Stock

     3  

1.08.

 

Company

     3  

1.09.

 

Control Change Date

     3  

1.10.

 

Corresponding SAR

     4  

1.11.

 

Dividend Equivalent Right

     4  

1.12.

 

Effective Date

     4  

1.13.

 

Exchange Act

     4  

1.14.

 

Fair Market Value

     4  

1.15.

 

Incumbent Directors

     5  

1.16.

 

Incentive Award

     5  

1.17.

 

Initial Value

     5  

1.18.

 

LTIP Unit

     5  

1.19.

 

Offering

     5  

1.20.

 

Operating Partnership

     6  

1.21.

 

Option

     6  

1.22.

 

Other Equity-Based Award

     6  

1.23.

 

Participant

     6  

1.24.

 

Performance Units

     6  

1.25.

 

Plan

     6  

1.26.

 

REIT

     7  

1.27.

 

SAR

     7  

1.28.

 

Stock Award

     7  

1.29.

 

Ten Percent Stockholder

     7  

Article II PURPOSES

     7  

Article III ADMINISTRATION

     8  

Article IV ELIGIBILITY

     8  

Article V COMMON STOCK SUBJECT TO PLAN

     9  

5.01.

 

Common Stock Issued

     9  

5.02.

 

Aggregate Limit

     9  

5.03.

 

Reallocation of Shares

     10  

 

-i-


Article VI OPTIONS

     10  

6.01.

 

Award

     10  

6.02.

 

Option Price

     10  

6.03.

 

Maximum Option Period

     11  

6.04.

 

Nontransferability

     11  

6.05.

 

Transferable Options

     11  

6.06.

 

Employee Status

     11  

6.07.

 

Exercise

     12  

6.08.

 

Payment

     12  

6.09.

 

Stockholder Rights

     12  

6.10.

 

Disposition of Shares

     12  

Article VII SARS

     13  

7.01.

 

Award

     13  

7.02.

 

Maximum SAR Period

     13  

7.03.

 

Nontransferability

     13  

7.04.

 

Transferable SARs

     13  

7.05.

 

Exercise

     14  

7.06.

 

Employee Status

     14  

7.07.

 

Settlement

     14  

7.08.

 

Stockholder Rights

     14  

Article VIII STOCK AWARDS

     15  

8.01.

 

Award

     15  

8.02.

 

Vesting

     15  

8.03.

 

Employee Status

     15  

8.04.

 

Stockholder Rights

     15  

Article IX PERFORMANCE UNIT AWARDS

     16  

9.01.

 

Award

     16  

9.02.

 

Earning the Award

     16  

9.03.

 

Payment

     16  

9.04.

 

Stockholder Rights

     16  

9.05.

 

Nontransferability

     16  

9.06.

 

Transferable Performance Units

     17  

9.07.

 

Employee Status

     17  

Article X OTHER EQUITY–BASED AWARDS

     17  

10.01.

 

Award

     17  

10.02.

 

Terms and Conditions

     17  

10.03.

 

Payment or Settlement

     18  

10.04.

 

Employee Status

     18  

10.05.

 

Stockholder Rights

     18  

Article XI INCENTIVE AWARDS

     18  

11.01.

 

Award

     18  

 

-ii-


11.02.

 

Terms and Conditions

     18  

11.03.

 

Nontransferability

     19  

11.04.

 

Employee Status

     19  

11.05.

 

Settlement

     19  

11.06.

 

Shareholder Rights

     19  

Article XII ADJUSTMENT UPON CHANGE IN COMMON STOCK

     20  

Article XIII COMPLIANCE WITH LAW AND APPROVAL OF REGULATORY BODIES

     20   

Article XIV GENERAL PROVISIONS

     21  

14.01.

 

Effect on Employment and Service

     21  

14.02.

 

Unfunded Plan

     21  

14.03.

 

Rules of Construction

     21  

14.04.

 

Withholding Taxes

     22  

14.05.

 

REIT Status

     23  

Article XV CHANGE IN CONTROL

     23  

15.01.

 

Impact of Change in Control

     23  

15.02.

 

Assumption Upon Change in Control

     23  

15.03.

 

Cash-Out Upon Change in Control

     23  

15.04.

 

Limitation of Benefits

     24  

Article XVI AMENDMENT

     25  

Article XVII DURATION OF PLAN

     26  

Article XVIII EFFECTIVE DATE OF PLAN

     26  

 

-iii-


ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS

 

1.01. Affiliate

Affiliate ” means any entity, whether now or hereafter existing, which controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Company (including, but not limited to, joint ventures, limited liability companies and partnerships). For this purpose, the term “control” (including the correlative meanings of the terms “controlled by” and “under common control with”) shall mean ownership, directly or indirectly, of 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of voting securities issued by such entity, or the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct the management and policies of such entity, by contract or otherwise.

 

1.02. Agreement

Agreement ” means a written agreement (including any amendment or supplement thereto) between the Company and a Participant specifying the terms and conditions of a Stock Award, an award of Performance Units, an Incentive Award, an Option, SAR or Other Equity-Based Award (including an LTIP Unit) granted to such Participant.

 

1.03. Board

Board ” means the Board of Directors of the Company.

 

1.04. Change in Control

Change in Control ” means and includes each of the following:

(a) The acquisition, either directly or indirectly, by any individual, entity or group (within the meaning of Sections 13(d) and 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act) of beneficial ownership (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), of more than 50% of either (i) the then outstanding shares of Common Stock of the Company, taking into account as outstanding for this purpose such Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of options or warrants, the conversion of convertible stock or debt, and the exercise of any similar right to acquire such Common Stock (the “Outstanding Company Common Stock”) or (ii) the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities of the Company entitled to vote generally in the election of directors (the “Outstanding Company Voting Securities”); provided, however, that the following acquisitions shall not constitute a Change in Control (i) any acquisition by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, (ii) any acquisition by a trustee or other fiduciary holding the Company’s securities under an employee benefit plan sponsored or maintained by the Company or any of its Affiliates, (iii) any acquisition by an underwriter, initial purchaser or placement agent temporarily holding the Company’s securities pursuant to an offering of such securities or

 

-1-


(iv) any acquisition by an entity owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the then Outstanding Company Common Stock.

(b) Incumbent Directors cease to be a majority of the Board.

(c) The consummation of a reorganization, merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange or similar form of corporate transaction involving the Company that requires the approval of the Company’s shareholders, whether for such transaction or the issuance of securities in the transaction (a “Business Combination”), in each case, unless following such Business Combination:

(i) the individuals and entities who were the beneficial owners of the Outstanding Company Voting Securities immediately prior to such Business Combination, beneficially own, directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of members of the board of directors (or the analogous governing body) of the entity resulting from such Business Combination (the “Successor Entity”) (or, if applicable, the ultimate parent entity that directly or indirectly has beneficial ownership of sufficient voting securities to elect a majority of the members of the board of directors (or the analogous governing body) of the Successor Entity (the “Parent Company”));

(ii) no Person (other than any employee benefit plan sponsored or maintained by the Successor Entity or the Parent Company) beneficially owns (within the meaning of Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, more than 50% of the combined voting power of the then outstanding voting securities entitled to vote generally in the election of members of the board of directors (or the analogous governing body) of the Parent Company (or, if there is no Parent Company, the Successor Entity); and

(iii) at least a majority of the members of the board of directors (or the analogous governing body) of the Parent Company (or, if there is no Parent Company, the Successor Entity) following the consummation of the Business Combination were Incumbent Directors at the time of the Board’s approval of the execution of the initial agreement providing for such Business Combination;

(d) The direct or indirect sale, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than by way of merger or consolidation), in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the properties or assets of the Company and its subsidiaries, taken as a whole, to any Person that is not a subsidiary of the Company.

In addition, if a Change in Control (as defined in clauses (a) through (d) above) constitutes a payment event with respect to any Option, SAR, Stock Award, Performance Unit or

 

-2-


Other Equity-Based Award that provides for the deferral of compensation and is subject to Section 409A of the Code, no payment will be made under that award on account of a Change in Control unless the event described in subsection (a), (b), (c) or (d) above, as applicable, constitutes a “change in control event” as defined in Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(i)(5).

 

1.05. Code

Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, and any amendments thereto.

 

1.06. Committee

Committee ” means the Compensation Committee of the Board. Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Committee shall consist solely of two or more non-employee members of the Board, each of whom is intended to qualify as a “non-employee director” as defined by Rule 16b-3 of the Exchange Act or any successor rule, an “outside director” for purposes of Section 162(m) of the Code (if awards under the Plan are subject to the deduction limitation of Section 162(m) of the Code) and an “independent director” under the rules of any exchange or automated quotation system on which the Common Stock is listed, traded or quoted ; provided, however , that any action taken by the Committee shall be valid and effective, whether or not the members of the Committee at the time of such action are later determined not to have satisfied the foregoing requirements or otherwise provided in any charter of the Committee. If there is no Compensation Committee, then “Committee” means the Board; and provided, further that with respect to awards made to a member of the Board who is not an employee of the Company or an Affiliate, “Committee” means the Board.

 

1.07. Common Stock

Common Stock ” means the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Company.

 

1.08. Company

Company ” means American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation.

 

1.09. Control Change Date

Control Change Date ” means the date on which a Change in Control occurs. If a Change in Control occurs on account of a series of transactions, the “Control Change Date” is the date of the last of such transactions.

 

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1.10. Corresponding SAR

Corresponding SAR ” means an SAR that is granted in relation to a particular Option and that can be exercised only upon the surrender to the Company, unexercised, of that portion of the Option to which the SAR relates.

 

1.11. Dividend Equivalent Right

Dividend Equivalent Right ” means the right, subject to the terms and conditions prescribed by the Committee, of a Participant to receive (or have credited) cash, securities or other property in amounts equivalent to the cash, securities or other property dividends declared on Common Stock with respect to specified Performance Units or an Other Equity-Based Award of units denominated in Common Stock or other Company securities, as determined by the Committee, in its sole discretion. The Committee may provide that such Dividend Equivalent Rights (if any) shall be distributed only when, and to the extent that, the underlying award is vested or earned and also may provide that Dividend Equivalent Rights (if any) shall be deemed to have been reinvested in additional Common Stock or otherwise reinvested.

 

1.12. Effective Date

“Effective Date” means the date this Plan is adopted by the Board.

 

1.13. Exchange Act

Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

 

1.14. Fair Market Value

Fair Market Value ” means, on any given date, the reported “closing” price of a share of Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange for such date or, if there is no closing price for a share of Common Stock on the date in question, the closing price for a share of Common Stock on the last preceding date for which a quotation exists. If, on any given date, the Common Stock is not listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, then Fair Market Value shall be the “closing” price of a share of Common Stock on such other exchange on which the Common Stock is listed for trading for such date (or, if there is no closing price for a share of Common Stock on the date in question, the closing price for a share of Common Stock on the last preceding date for which such quotation exists) or, if the Common Stock is not listed on any exchange, the amount determined by the Committee using any reasonable method in good faith and in accordance with the regulations under Section 409A of the Code.

 

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1.15. Incumbent Directors

“Incumbent Directors” means individuals who, on the Effective Date, constitute the Board, provided that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election or nomination for election to the Board was approved by a vote of at least two-thirds of the Incumbent Directors then on the Board (either by a specific vote or by approval of the proxy statement of the Company in which such person is named as a nominee for Director without objection to such nomination) shall be an Incumbent Director. No individual designated to serve as a director by a person who shall have entered into an agreement with the Company to effect a transaction described in Section 1.04(a) or Section 1.04(c) and no individual initially elected or nominated as a director of the Company as a result of an actual or threatened election contest with respect to directors shall be an Incumbent Director.

 

1.16. Incentive Award

Incentive Award ” means an award awarded under Article XI which, subject to the terms and conditions prescribed by the Committee, entitles the Participant to receive a payment from the Company or an Affiliate.

 

1.17. Initial Value

Initial Value ” means, with respect to a Corresponding SAR, the option price per share of the related Option and, with respect to an SAR granted independently of an Option, the price per share of Common Stock as determined by the Committee on the date of grant; provided, however , that the price shall not be less than the Fair Market Value on the date of grant. Except as provided in Article XII, the Initial Value of an outstanding SAR may not be reduced (by amendment, cancellation and new grant or otherwise) without the approval of stockholders.

 

1.18. LTIP Unit

LTIP Unit ” means an “LTIP Unit” as defined in the Operating Partnership’s partnership agreement. An LTIP Unit granted under this Plan represents the right to receive the benefits, payments or other rights in respect of an LTIP Unit set forth in that partnership agreement, subject to the terms and conditions of the applicable Agreement and that partnership agreement.

 

1.19. Offering

Offering ” means the private offering, issuance and sale by the Company of up to an aggregate of 11,500,000 shares of Common Stock, including up to 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of the initial purchaser/placement agent’s additional allotment option, pursuant to that certain Purchase/Placement Agreement, dated as of May 4, 2012, by and between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co., as initial purchaser/placement agent.

 

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1.20. Operating Partnership

Operating Partnership ” means American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.

 

1.21. Option

Option ” means a stock option that entitles the holder to purchase from the Company a stated number of shares of Common Stock at the price set forth in an Agreement.

 

1.22. Other Equity-Based Award

Other Equity-Based Award ” means any award other than an Incentive Award, an Option, SAR, a Performance Unit award or a Stock Award which, subject to such terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the Committee, entitles a Participant to receive Common Stock or rights or units valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, Common Stock (including securities convertible into Common Stock) or other equity interests including LTIP Units.

 

1.23. Participant

Participant ” means an employee or officer of the Company or an Affiliate, a member of the Board, or an individual who provides bona fide services to the Company or an Affiliate (including an individual who provides services to the Company or an Affiliate by virtue of employment with, or providing services to, the Operating Partnership), and who satisfies the requirements of Article IV and is selected by the Committee to receive an award of Performance Units or a Stock Award, an Incentive Award, Option, SAR, Other Equity-Based Award or a combination thereof.

 

1.24. Performance Units

Performance Units ” means an award, in the amount determined by the Committee, stated with reference to a specified number of shares of Common Stock, that in accordance with the terms of an Agreement entitles the holder to receive a payment for each specified unit equal to the value of the Performance Unit on the date of payment.

 

1.25. Plan

Plan ” means this American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

 

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1.26. REIT

REIT ” means a real estate investment trust within the meaning of Sections 856 through 860 of the Code.

 

1.27. SAR

SAR ” means a stock appreciation right that in accordance with the terms of an Agreement entitles the holder to receive, with respect to each share of Common Stock encompassed by the exercise of the SAR, the excess, if any, of the Fair Market Value at the time of exercise over the Initial Value. References to “SARs” include both Corresponding SARs and SARs granted independently of Options, unless the context requires otherwise.

 

1.28. Stock Award

Stock Award ” means Common Stock awarded to a Participant under Article VIII.

 

1.29. Ten Percent Stockholder

Ten Percent Stockholder ” means any individual owning more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or of a “parent corporation” or “subsidiary corporation” (as such terms are defined in Section 424 of the Code) of the Company. An individual shall be considered to own any voting stock owned (directly or indirectly) by or for his or her brothers, sisters, spouse, ancestors or lineal descendants and shall be considered to own proportionately any voting stock owned (directly or indirectly) by or for a corporation, partnership, estate or trust of which such individual is a stockholder, partner or beneficiary.

ARTICLE II

PURPOSES

The Plan is intended to assist the Company and its Affiliates in recruiting and retaining individuals and other service providers with ability and initiative by enabling such persons or entities to participate in the future success of the Company and its Affiliates and to associate their interests with those of the Company and its stockholders. The Plan is intended to permit the grant of both Options qualifying under Section 422 of the Code (“incentive stock options”) and Options not so qualifying, and the grant of SARs, Stock Awards, Performance Units, Incentive Awards and Other Equity-Based Awards in accordance with the Plan and any procedures that may be established by the Committee. No Option that is intended to be an incentive stock option shall be invalid for failure to qualify as an incentive stock option. The proceeds received by the Company from the sale of Common Stock pursuant to this Plan shall be used for general corporate purposes.

 

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ARTICLE III

ADMINISTRATION

The Plan shall be administered by the Committee. The Committee shall have authority to grant SARs, Stock Awards, Performance Units, Incentive Awards, Options and Other Equity-Based Awards upon such terms (not inconsistent with the provisions of this Plan), as the Committee may consider appropriate. Such terms may include conditions (in addition to those contained in this Plan), on the exercisability of all or any part of an Option or SAR or on the transferability or forfeitability of a Stock Award, an award of Performance Units, an Incentive Award or an Other Equity-Based Award. Notwithstanding any such conditions, the Committee may, in its discretion, accelerate the time at which any Option or SAR may be exercised, or the time at which a Stock Award or Other Equity-Based Award may become transferable or nonforfeitable or the time at which an Other Equity-Based Award, an Incentive Award or an award of Performance Units may be settled. In addition, the Committee shall have complete authority to interpret all provisions of this Plan; to prescribe the form of Agreements; to adopt, amend, and rescind rules and regulations pertaining to the administration of the Plan (including rules and regulations that require or allow Participants to defer the payment of benefits under the Plan); and to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the administration of this Plan. The Committee’s determinations under the Plan (including without limitation, determinations of the individuals to receive awards under the Plan, the form, amount and timing of such awards, the terms and provisions of such awards and the Agreements) need not be uniform and may be made by the Committee selectively among individuals who receive, or are eligible to receive, awards under the Plan, whether or not such persons are similarly situated. The express grant in the Plan of any specific power to the Committee shall not be construed as limiting any power or authority of the Committee. Any decision made, or action taken, by the Committee in connection with the administration of this Plan shall be final and conclusive. The members of the Committee shall not be liable for any act done in good faith with respect to this Plan or any Agreement, Option, SAR, Incentive Award, Stock Award, Other Equity-Based Award or award of Performance Units. All expenses of administering this Plan shall be borne by the Company.

ARTICLE IV

ELIGIBILITY

Any employee of the Company or an Affiliate (including a trade or business that becomes an Affiliate after the adoption of this Plan) and any member of the Board is eligible to participate in this Plan. In addition, any other individual who provides significant services to the Company or an Affiliate (including an individual who provides services to the Company or an Affiliate by virtue of employment with, or providing services to, the Operating Partnership) is eligible to participate in this Plan if the Committee, in its sole discretion, determines that the participation of such individual is in the best interest of the Company.

 

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ARTICLE V

COMMON STOCK SUBJECT TO PLAN

 

5.01. Common Stock Issued

Upon the award of Common Stock pursuant to a Stock Award, an Other Equity-Based Award or in settlement of an Incentive Award or an award of Performance Units, the Company may deliver (and shall deliver if required under an Agreement) to the Participant Common Stock from its authorized but unissued Common Stock. Upon the exercise of any Option, SAR or Other Equity-Based Award denominated in Common Stock, the Company may deliver (and shall deliver if required under an Agreement), to the Participant (or the Participant’s broker if the Participant so directs), Common Stock from its authorized but unissued Common Stock.

 

5.02. Aggregate Limit

(a) The maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under this Plan pursuant to the exercise of Options and SARs, the grant of Stock Awards or Other Equity-Based Awards and the settlement of Incentive Awards and Performance Units is equal to the lesser of: (i) 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock; and (ii) the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the sum of ( x ) four and one-half percent (4.5%) of the total number of shares of Common Stock sold by the Company in the Offering (including any shares of Common Stock sold by the Company to FBR Capital Markets & Co. pursuant to the exercise of its additional allotment option (“Option Shares”)), plus ( y ) one and three-quarters percent (1.75%) of the number of shares of Common Stock sold by the Company in the Offering in excess of 10,000,000 shares of Common Stock, plus ( z ) the number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of the “Plan Percentage” (as defined in the following sentence), multiplied by the total number of shares of Common Stock sold by the Company in any public or private offering after the Offering and during the term of the Plan. The “Plan Percentage” means the percentage equal to the sum of the number of shares of Common Stock determined under clause ( x ) of the preceding sentence, plus the number of shares of Common Stock determined under clause (y)  of the preceding sentence, divided by the total number of shares of Common Stock sold by the Company in the Offering (including any Option Shares). Other Equity-Based Awards that are LTIP Units shall reduce the maximum aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under this Plan on a one-for-one basis, i.e. , each such unit shall be treated as an award of Common Stock.

(b) The maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under this Plan in accordance with Section 5.02(a) shall be subject to adjustment as provided in Section 5.02(a) and Article XII.

(c) The maximum number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued upon the exercise of Options that are incentive stock options or Corresponding SARs that are related to incentive stock options shall be determined in accordance with Sections 5.02(a) and 5.02(b).

 

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5.03. Reallocation of Shares

If any award or grant under the Plan (including LTIP Units) expires, is forfeited or is terminated without having been exercised or is paid in cash without a requirement for the delivery of Common Stock, then any Common Stock covered by such lapsed, cancelled, expired, unexercised or cash-settled portion of such award or grant and any forfeited, lapsed, cancelled or expired LTIP Units shall be available for the grant of other Options, SARs, Stock Awards, Other Equity-Based Awards and settlement of Incentive Awards and Performance Units under this Plan. Any Common Stock tendered or withheld to satisfy the grant or exercise price or tax withholding obligation pursuant to any award shall reduce the number of shares of Common Stock available under the Plan and shall not be available for future grants or awards. If Common Stock is issued in settlement of an SAR, the number of shares of Common Stock available under the Plan shall be reduced by the number of shares of Common Stock for which the SAR was exercised rather than the number of shares of Common Stock issued in settlement of the SAR. To the extent permitted by applicable law or the rules of any exchange on which the Common Stock is listed for trading, Common Stock issued in assumption of, or in substitution for, any outstanding awards of any entity acquired in any form of combination by the Company or any Affiliate shall not reduce the number of shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the Plan. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 5.03, no Common Stock may be subject to an Option or granted or awarded if such action would cause an Option intended to be an incentive stock option to fail to qualify as such.

ARTICLE VI

OPTIONS

 

6.01. Award

In accordance with the provisions of Article IV, the Committee will designate each individual to whom an Option is to be granted and will specify the number of shares of Common Stock covered by such awards.

 

6.02. Option Price

The price per share of Common Stock purchased on the exercise of an Option shall be determined by the Committee on the date of grant, but shall not be less than the Fair Market Value on the date the Option is granted. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the price per share of Common Stock purchased on the exercise of any Option that is an incentive stock option granted to an individual who is a Ten Percent Stockholder on the date such option is granted, shall not be less than one hundred ten percent (110%) of the Fair Market Value on the date the

 

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Option is granted. Except as provided in Article XII, the price per share of Common Stock of an outstanding Option may not be reduced (by amendment, cancellation and new grant or otherwise) without the approval of stockholders.

 

6.03. Maximum Option Period

The maximum period in which an Option may be exercised shall be determined by the Committee on the date of grant except that no Option shall be exercisable after the expiration of ten years from the date such Option was granted. In the case of an incentive stock option granted to a Participant who is a Ten Percent Stockholder on the date of grant, such Option shall not be exercisable after the expiration of five years from the date of grant. The terms of any Option may provide that it is exercisable for a period less than such maximum period.

 

6.04. Nontransferability

Except as provided in Section 6.05, each Option granted under this Plan shall be nontransferable except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. In the event of any transfer of an Option (by the Participant or his transferee), the Option and any Corresponding SAR that relates to such Option must be transferred to the same person or persons or entity or entities. Except as provided in Section 6.05, during the lifetime of the Participant to whom the Option is granted, the Option may be exercised only by the Participant. No right or interest of a Participant in any Option shall be liable for, or subject to, any lien, obligation, or liability of such Participant.

 

6.05. Transferable Options

Section 6.04 to the contrary notwithstanding, if the Agreement provides, an Option that is not an incentive stock option may be transferred by a Participant to the Participant’s children, grandchildren, spouse, one or more trusts for the benefit of such family members or a partnership in which such family members are the only partners, on such terms and conditions as may be permitted under Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act as in effect from time to time. The holder of an Option transferred pursuant to this Section shall be bound by the same terms and conditions that governed the Option during the period that it was held by the Participant; provided, however , that such transferee may not transfer the Option except by will or the laws of descent and distribution. In the event of any transfer of an Option (by the Participant or his transferee), the Option and any Corresponding SAR that relates to such Option must be transferred to the same person or persons or entity or entities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Option may not be transferred for consideration absent stockholder approval.

 

6.06. Employee Status

For purposes of determining the applicability of Section 422 of the Code (relating to incentive stock options), or in the event that the terms of any Option provide that it may be

 

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exercised only during employment or continued service or within a specified period of time after termination of employment or continued service, the Committee may decide to what extent leaves of absence for governmental or military service, illness, temporary disability, or other reasons shall not be deemed interruptions of continuous employment or service.

 

6.07. Exercise

Subject to the provisions of this Plan and the applicable Agreement, an Option may be exercised in whole at any time or in part from time to time at such times and in compliance with such requirements as the Committee shall determine; provided, however , that incentive stock options (granted under the Plan and all plans of the Company and its Affiliates) may not be first exercisable in a calendar year for Common Stock having a Fair Market Value (determined as of the date an Option is granted) exceeding $100,000. An Option granted under this Plan may be exercised with respect to any number of whole shares of Common Stock less than the full number for which the Option could be exercised. A partial exercise of an Option shall not affect the right to exercise the Option from time to time in accordance with this Plan and the applicable Agreement with respect to the remaining shares of Common Stock subject to the Option. The exercise of an Option shall result in the termination of any Corresponding SAR to the extent of the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which the Option is exercised.

 

6.08. Payment

Subject to rules established by the Committee and unless otherwise provided in an Agreement, payment of all or part of the Option price may be made in cash, certified check, by tendering Common Stock, by attestation of ownership of Common Stock, by a broker-assisted cashless exercise or in such other form or manner acceptable to the Committee. If Common Stock is used to pay all or part of the Option price, the sum of the cash and cash equivalent and the Fair Market Value (determined on the date of exercise) of the shares of Common Stock surrendered or other consideration paid must not be less than the Option price of the shares for which the Option is being exercised.

 

6.09. Stockholder Rights

No Participant shall have any rights as a stockholder with respect to Common Stock subject to an Option until the date of exercise of such Option.

 

6.10. Disposition of Shares

A Participant shall notify the Company of any sale or other disposition of Common Stock acquired pursuant to an Option that was an incentive stock option if such sale or disposition occurs (i) within two years of the grant of an Option or (ii) within one year of the issuance of the Common Stock to the Participant. Such notice shall be in writing and directed to the Secretary of the Company.

 

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ARTICLE VII

SARS

 

7.01. Award

In accordance with the provisions of Article IV, the Committee will designate each individual to whom SARs are to be granted and will specify the number of shares of Common Stock covered by such awards. No Participant may be granted Corresponding SARs (under the Plan and all plans of the Company and its Affiliates) that are related to incentive stock options which are first exercisable in any calendar year for Common Stock having an aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the date the related Option is granted) that exceeds $100,000.

 

7.02. Maximum SAR Period

The term of each SAR shall be determined by the Committee on the date of grant, except that no SAR shall have a term of more than ten years from the date of grant. In the case of a Corresponding SAR that is related to an incentive stock option granted to a Participant who is a Ten Percent Stockholder on the date of grant, such Corresponding SAR shall not be exercisable after the expiration of five years from the date of grant. The terms of any SAR may provide that it has a term that is less than such maximum period.

 

7.03. Nontransferability

Except as provided in Section 7.04, each SAR granted under this Plan shall be nontransferable except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. In the event of any such transfer, a Corresponding SAR and the related Option must be transferred to the same person or persons or entity or entities. Except as provided in Section 7.04, during the lifetime of the Participant to whom the SAR is granted, the SAR may be exercised only by the Participant. No right or interest of a Participant in any SAR shall be liable for, or subject to, any lien, obligation, or liability of such Participant.

 

7.04. Transferable SARs

Section 7.03 to the contrary notwithstanding, if the Agreement provides, an SAR, other than a Corresponding SAR that is related to an incentive stock option, may be transferred by a Participant to the Participant’s children, grandchildren, spouse, one or more trusts for the benefit of such family members or a partnership in which such family members are the only partners, on such terms and conditions as may be permitted under Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act as in effect from time to time. The holder of an SAR transferred pursuant to this Section shall be bound by the same terms and conditions that governed the SAR during the period that it was held by the Participant; provided, however , that such transferee may not transfer the SAR except by will or the laws of descent and distribution. In the event of any transfer of a Corresponding SAR (by the Participant or his transferee), the Corresponding SAR and the related Option must be transferred to the same person or person or entity or entities. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may an SAR be transferred for consideration absent stockholder approval.

 

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7.05. Exercise

Subject to the provisions of this Plan and the applicable Agreement, an SAR may be exercised in whole at any time or in part from time to time at such times and in compliance with such requirements as the Committee shall determine; provided, however , that a Corresponding SAR that is related to an incentive stock option may be exercised only to the extent that the related Option is exercisable and only when the Fair Market Value exceeds the option price of the related Option. An SAR granted under this Plan may be exercised with respect to any number of whole shares less than the full number for which the SAR could be exercised. A partial exercise of an SAR shall not affect the right to exercise the SAR from time to time in accordance with this Plan and the applicable Agreement with respect to the remaining shares subject to the SAR. The exercise of a Corresponding SAR shall result in the termination of the related Option to the extent of the number of shares of Common Stock with respect to which the SAR is exercised.

 

7.06. Employee Status

If the terms of any SAR provide that it may be exercised only during employment or continued service or within a specified period of time after termination of employment or continued service, the Committee may decide to what extent leaves of absence for governmental or military service, illness, temporary disability or other reasons shall not be deemed interruptions of continuous employment or service.

 

7.07. Settlement

At the Committee’s discretion, the amount payable as a result of the exercise of an SAR may be settled in cash, Common Stock, or a combination of cash and Common Stock. No fractional share of Common Stock will be deliverable upon the exercise of an SAR but a cash payment will be made in lieu thereof.

 

7.08. Stockholder Rights

No Participant shall, as a result of receiving an SAR, have any rights as a stockholder of the Company or any Affiliate until the date that the SAR is exercised and then only to the extent that the SAR is settled by the issuance of Common Stock. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may provide in an Agreement that the holder of an SAR is entitled to Dividend Equivalent Rights during the period beginning on the date of the award and ending on the date the SAR is exercised.

 

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ARTICLE VIII

STOCK AWARDS

 

8.01. Award

In accordance with the provisions of Article IV, the Committee will designate each individual to whom a Stock Award is to be made and will specify the number of shares of Common Stock covered by such awards.

 

8.02. Vesting

The Committee, on the date of the award, may prescribe that a Participant’s rights in a Stock Award shall be forfeitable or otherwise restricted for a period of time or subject to such conditions as may be set forth in the Agreement. By way of example and not of limitation, the Committee may prescribe that a Participant’s rights in a Stock Award shall be forfeitable or otherwise restricted subject to the attainment of objectives stated with reference to the Company’s, an Affiliate’s or a business unit’s attainment of objectives stated with respect to performance criteria established by the Committee.

 

8.03. Employee Status

In the event that the terms of any Stock Award provide that shares may become transferable and nonforfeitable thereunder only after completion of a specified period of employment or continuous service, the Committee may decide in each case to what extent leaves of absence for governmental or military service, illness, temporary disability, or other reasons shall not be deemed interruptions of continuous employment or service.

 

8.04. Stockholder Rights

Unless otherwise specified in accordance with the applicable Agreement, while the Common Stock granted pursuant to the Stock Award may be forfeited or are nontransferable, a Participant will have all rights of a stockholder with respect to a Stock Award, including the right to receive dividends and vote the shares of Common Stock; provided, however , that during such period (i) a Participant may not sell, transfer, pledge, exchange, hypothecate, or otherwise dispose of shares of Common Stock granted pursuant to a Stock Award, (ii) the Company shall retain custody of the certificates representing shares of Common Stock granted pursuant to a Stock Award, and (iii) the Participant will deliver to the Company a stock power, endorsed in blank, with respect to each Stock Award. The limitations set forth in the preceding sentence shall not apply after the shares of Common Stock granted under the Stock Award are transferable and are no longer forfeitable.

 

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ARTICLE IX

PERFORMANCE UNIT AWARDS

 

9.01. Award

In accordance with the provisions of Article IV, the Committee will designate each individual to whom an award of Performance Units is to be made and will specify the number of shares of Common Stock or other securities or property covered by such awards. The Committee also will specify whether Dividend Equivalent Rights are granted in conjunction with the Performance Units.

 

9.02. Earning the Award

The Committee, on the date of the grant of an award, shall prescribe that the Performance Units will be earned, and the Participant will be entitled to receive payment pursuant to the award of Performance Units, only upon the satisfaction of performance objectives and such other criteria as may be prescribed by the Committee.

 

9.03. Payment

In the discretion of the Committee, the amount payable when an award of Performance Units is earned may be settled in cash, by the issuance of Common Stock, by the delivery of other securities or property or a combination thereof. A fractional share of Common Stock shall not be deliverable when an award of Performance Units is earned, but a cash payment will be made in lieu thereof. The amount payable when an award of Performance Units is earned shall be paid in a lump sum.

 

9.04. Stockholder Rights

A Participant, as a result of receiving an award of Performance Units, shall not have any rights as a stockholder until, and then only to the extent that, the award of Performance Units is earned and settled in Common Stock. After an award of Performance Units is earned and settled in Common Stock, a Participant will have all the rights of a stockholder as described in Section 8.04 hereof and the Company’s Charter.

 

9.05. Nontransferability

Except as provided in Section 9.06, Performance Units granted under this Plan shall be nontransferable except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. No right or interest of a Participant in any Performance Units shall be liable for, or subject to, any lien, obligation, or liability of such Participant.

 

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9.06. Transferable Performance Units

Section 9.05 to the contrary notwithstanding, if the Agreement provides, an award of Performance Units may be transferred by a Participant to the Participant’s children, grandchildren, spouse, one or more trusts for the benefit of such family members or a partnership in which such family members are the only partners, on such terms and conditions as may be permitted under Rule 16b-3 under the Exchange Act as in effect from time to time. The holder of Performance Units transferred pursuant to this Section shall be bound by the same terms and conditions that governed the Performance Units during the period that they were held by the Participant; provided, however , that such transferee may not transfer Performance Units except by will or the laws of descent and distribution. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event may a Performance Unit be transferred for consideration absent stockholder approval.

 

9.07. Employee Status

In the event that the terms of any Performance Unit award provide that no payment will be made unless the Participant completes a stated period of employment or continued service, the Committee may decide to what extent leaves of absence for government or military service, illness, temporary disability, or other reasons shall not be deemed interruptions of continuous employment or service.

ARTICLE X

OTHER EQUITY–BASED AWARDS

 

10.01. Award

In accordance with the provisions of Article IV, the Committee will designate each individual to whom an Other Equity-Based Award is to be made and will specify the number of shares of Common Stock or other equity interests (including LTIP Units) covered by such awards; provided, however , that the grant of LTIP Units must satisfy the requirements of the partnership agreement of the Operating Partnership as in effect on the date of grant. The Committee also will specify whether Dividend Equivalent Rights are granted in conjunction with the Other Equity-Based Award.

 

10.02. Terms and Conditions

The Committee, at the time an Other Equity-Based Award is made, shall specify the terms and conditions which govern the award. The terms and conditions of an Other Equity-Based Award may prescribe that a Participant’s rights in the Other Equity-Based Award shall be forfeitable, nontransferable or otherwise restricted for a period of time or subject to such other conditions as may be determined by the Committee, in its discretion and set forth in the Agreement. Other Equity-Based Awards may be granted to Participants, either alone or in addition to other awards granted under the Plan, and Other Equity-Based Awards may be granted in the settlement of other Awards granted under the Plan.

 

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10.03. Payment or Settlement

Other Equity-Based Awards valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, Common Stock, shall be payable or settled in Common Stock, cash or a combination of Common Stock and cash, as determined by the Committee in its discretion; provided, however , that any Common Stock that is issued on account of the conversion of LTIP Units into Common Stock shall not be issued under the Plan. Other Equity-Based Awards denominated as equity interests other than Common Stock may be paid or settled in shares or units of such equity interests or cash or a combination of both as determined by the Committee in its discretion.

 

10.04. Employee Status

If the terms of any Other Equity-Based Award provides that it may be earned or exercised only during employment or continued service or within a specified period of time after termination of employment or continued service, the Committee may decide to what extent leaves of absence for governmental or military service, illness, temporary disability or other reasons shall not be deemed interruptions of continuous employment or service.

 

10.05. Stockholder Rights

A Participant, as a result of receiving an Other Equity-Based Award, shall not have any rights as a stockholder until, and then only to the extent that, the Other Equity-Based Award is earned and settled in Common Stock.

ARTICLE XI

INCENTIVE AWARDS

 

11.01. Award

In accordance with the provisions of Article IV, the Committee will designate each individual to whom an Incentive Award is to be made. The Committee will also specify whether Dividend Equivalent Rights are granted in conjunction with the Incentive Award.

 

11.02. Terms and Conditions

The Committee, at the time an Incentive Award is made, shall specify the terms and conditions that govern the award. Such terms and conditions may prescribe that the Incentive Award shall be earned only to the extent that the Participant, the Company or an Affiliate, during a performance period of at least one year, achieves objectives stated with reference to one or more performance measures or criteria prescribed by the Committee. A goal or objective may be

 

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expressed on an absolute basis or relative to the performance of one or more similarly situated companies or a published index. When establishing goals and objectives, the Committee may exclude any or all special, unusual, or extraordinary items as determined under U.S. generally accepted accounting principles including, without limitation, the charges or costs associated with restructurings of the Company, discontinued operations, other unusual or non-recurring items, and the cumulative effects of accounting changes. The Committee may also adjust the performance goals for any Incentive Award as it deems equitable in recognition of unusual or non-recurring events affecting the Company, changes in applicable tax laws or accounting principles, or such other factors as the Committee may determine. Such terms and conditions also may include other limitations on the payment of Incentive Awards including, by way of example and not of limitation, requirements that the Participant complete a specified period of employment or service with the Company or an Affiliate or that the Company, an Affiliate, or the Participant attain stated objectives or goals (in addition to those prescribed in accordance with the preceding sentence) as a prerequisite to payment under an Incentive Award.

 

11.03. Nontransferability

Incentive Awards granted under this Plan shall be nontransferable except by will or by the laws of descent and distribution. No right or interest of a Participant in an Incentive Award shall be liable for, or subject to, any lien, obligation, or liability of such Participant.

 

11.04. Employee Status

If the terms of an Incentive Award provide that a payment will be made thereunder only if the Participant completes a stated period of employment or continued service the Committee may decide to what extent leaves of absence for governmental or military service, illness, temporary disability or other reasons shall not be deemed interruptions of continuous employment or service.

 

11.05. Settlement

An Incentive Award that is earned shall be settled with a single lump sum payment which may be in cash, Common Stock or a combination of cash and Common Stock, as determined by the Committee.

 

11.06. Shareholder Rights

No Participant shall, as a result of receiving an Incentive Award, have any rights as a shareholder of the Company or an Affiliate until the date that the Incentive Award is settled and then only to the extent that the Incentive Award is settled by the issuance of shares of Common Stock.

 

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ARTICLE XII

ADJUSTMENT UPON CHANGE IN COMMON STOCK

The maximum number of shares of Common Stock as to which Options, SARs, Performance Units, Incentive Awards, Stock Awards and Other Equity-Based Awards may be granted and the terms of outstanding Stock Awards, Options, SARs, Incentive Awards, Performance Units and Other Equity-Based Awards shall be adjusted as the Board determines is equitably required in the event that (i) the Company (a) effects one or more nonreciprocal transactions between the Company and its stockholders such as a share dividend, extra-ordinary cash dividend, share split-up, subdivision or consolidation of shares of Common Stock that affects the number or kind of Common Stock (or other securities of the Company) or the Fair Market Value (or the value of other Company securities) and causes a change in the Fair Market Value of the Common Stock subject to outstanding awards or (b) engages in a transaction to which Section 424 of the Code applies or (ii) there occurs any other event which, in the judgment of the Board necessitates such action. Any determination made under this Article XII by the Board shall be nondiscretionary, final and conclusive.

The issuance by the Company of shares of any class of Common Stock, or securities convertible into shares of any class of Common Stock, for cash or property, or for labor or services, either upon direct sale or upon the exercise of rights or warrants to subscribe therefor, or upon conversion of shares of Common Stock or obligations of the Company convertible into such shares of Common Stock or other securities, shall not affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to, the maximum number of shares of Common Stock as to which Options, SARs, Performance Units, Incentive Awards, Stock Awards and Other Equity-Based Awards may be granted or the terms of outstanding Stock Awards, Incentive Awards, Options, SARs, Performance Units or Other Equity-Based Awards.

The Committee may make Stock Awards and may grant Options, SARs, Performance Units, Incentive Awards or Other Equity-Based Awards in substitution for performance shares, phantom shares, stock awards, stock options, stock appreciation rights, or similar awards held by an individual who becomes an employee of the Company or an Affiliate in connection with a transaction described in the first paragraph of this Article XII. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan, the terms of such substituted Stock Awards, SARs, Other Equity-Based Awards, Options or Performance Units shall be as the Committee, in its discretion, determines is appropriate.

ARTICLE XIII

COMPLIANCE WITH LAW AND APPROVAL OF REGULATORY BODIES

No Option or SAR shall be exercisable, no Common Stock shall be issued, no certificates for Common Stock shall be delivered, and no payment shall be made under this Plan except in compliance with all applicable federal and state laws and regulations (including, without

 

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limitation, withholding tax requirements), any listing agreement to which the Company is a party, and the rules of all domestic stock exchanges on which the shares of Common Stock may be listed. The Company shall have the right to rely on an opinion of its counsel as to such compliance. Any certificate issued to represent Common Stock when a Stock Award is granted, a Performance Unit, Incentive Award or Other Equity-Based Award is settled or for which an Option or SAR is exercised may bear such legends and statements as the Committee may deem advisable to assure compliance with federal and state laws and regulations. No Option or SAR shall be exercisable, no Stock Award or Performance Unit shall be granted, no Common Stock shall be issued, no certificate for Common Stock shall be delivered, and no payment shall be made under this Plan until the Company has obtained such consent or approval as the Committee may deem advisable from regulatory bodies having jurisdiction over such matters.

ARTICLE XIV

GENERAL PROVISIONS

 

14.01. Effect on Employment and Service

Neither the adoption of this Plan, its operation, nor any documents describing or referring to this Plan (or any part thereof), shall confer upon any individual or entity any right to continue in the employ or service of the Company or an Affiliate or in any way affect any right and power of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate the employment or service of any individual or entity at any time with or without assigning a reason therefor.

 

14.02. Unfunded Plan

This Plan, insofar as it provides for grants, shall be unfunded, and the Company shall not be required to segregate any assets that may at any time be represented by grants under this Plan. Any liability of the Company to any person with respect to any grant under this Plan shall be based solely upon any contractual obligations that may be created pursuant to this Plan. No such obligation of the Company shall be deemed to be secured by any pledge of, or other encumbrance on, any property of the Company.

 

14.03. Rules of Construction

Headings are given to the articles and sections of this Plan solely as a convenience to facilitate reference. The reference to any statute, regulation, or other provision of law shall be construed to refer to any amendment to or successor of such provision of law.

All awards made under this Plan are intended to comply with, or otherwise be exempt from, Section 409A of the Code (“Section 409A”), after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b)(12). This Plan and all Agreements shall be administered, interpreted and construed in a manner consistent with Section 409A. If any provision of this Plan or any Agreement is found not to comply with, or otherwise not be

 

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exempt from, the provisions of Section 409A, it shall be modified and given effect, in the sole discretion of the Committee and without requiring the Participant’s consent, in such manner as the Committee determines to be necessary or appropriate to comply with, or effectuate an exemption from, Section 409A. Each payment under an award granted under this Plan shall be treated as a separate indentified payment for purposes of Section 409A.

If a payment obligation under an award or an Agreement arises on account of the Participant’s termination of employment and such payment obligation constitutes “deferred compensation” (as defined under Treasury Regulation section 1.409A-1(b)(1), after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b))12)), it shall be payable only after the Participant’s “separation from service” (as defined under Treasury Regulation section 1.409A-1(h)); provided, however, that if the Participant is a “specified employee” (as defined under Treasury Regulation section 1.409A-1(i)), any such payment that is scheduled to be paid within six months after such separation from service shall accrue without interest and shall be paid on the first day of the seventh month beginning after the date of the Participant’s separation from service or, if earlier, within fifteen days after the appointment of the personal representative or executor of the Participant’s estate following the Participant’s death.

 

14.04. Withholding Taxes

Each Participant shall be responsible for satisfying any income and employment tax withholding obligations attributable to participation in the Plan. Unless otherwise provided by the Agreement, any such withholding tax obligations may be satisfied in cash (including from any cash payable in settlement of an award of Performance Units, SARs or Other Equity-Based Award) or a cash equivalent acceptable to the Committee. Except to the extent prohibited by Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-3(j), any minimum statutory federal, state, district or city withholding tax obligations also may be satisfied (a) by surrendering to the Company Common Stock previously acquired by the Participant; (b) by authorizing the Company to withhold or reduce the number of shares of Common Stock otherwise issuable to the Participant upon the exercise of an Option or SAR, the settlement of a Performance Unit award, Incentive Award or an Other Equity-Based Award (if applicable) or the grant or vesting of a Stock Award; or (c) by any other method as may be approved by the Committee. If Common Stock is used to pay all or part of such withholding tax obligation, the Fair Market Value of the shares of Common Stock surrendered, withheld or reduced shall be determined as of the day the tax liability arises and the number of shares of Common Stock which may be withheld or surrendered shall be limited to the number of shares of Common Stock which have a Fair Market Value on the day preceding the date of withholding equal to the aggregate amount of such liabilities based on the minimum statutory withholding rates for federal, state, local and foreign income tax and payroll tax purposes that are applicable to such supplemental taxable income.

 

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14.05. REIT Status

The Plan shall be interpreted and construed in a manner consistent with the Company’s status as a REIT. No award shall be granted or awarded, and with respect to any award granted under the Plan, such award shall not vest, be exercisable or be settled (i) to the extent that the grant, vesting, exercise or settlement could cause the Participant or any other person to be in violation of the stock ownership limit or any other limitation on ownership or transfer prescribed by Article VIII of the Company’s Charter, or (ii) if, in the discretion of the Committee, the grant, vesting, exercise or settlement of the award could impair the Company’s status as a REIT.

ARTICLE XV

CHANGE IN CONTROL

 

15.01. Impact of Change in Control.

Upon a Change in Control, the Committee is authorized to cause (i) outstanding Options and SARs to become fully exercisable, (ii) outstanding Stock Awards to become transferable and nonforfeitable and (iii) outstanding Performance Units, Incentive Awards and Other Equity-Based Awards to become earned and nonforfeitable in their entirety.

 

15.02. Assumption Upon Change in Control.

In the event of a Change in Control, the Committee, in its discretion and without the need for a Participant’s consent, may provide that an outstanding Option, SAR, Stock Award, Incentive Award, Performance Unit or Other Equity-Based Award shall be assumed by, or a substitute award granted by, the surviving entity in the Change in Control. Such assumed or substituted award shall be of the same type of award as the original Option, SAR, Stock Award, Performance Unit, Incentive Award or Other Equity-Based Award being assumed or substituted. The assumed or substituted award shall have a value, as of the Control Change Date, that is substantially equal to the value of the original award (or the difference between the Fair Market Value and the option price or Initial Value in the case of Options and SARs) as the Committee determines is equitably required and such other terms and conditions as may be prescribed by the Committee.

 

15.03. Cash-Out Upon Change in Control.

In the event of a Change in Control, the Committee, in its discretion and without the need of a Participant’s consent, may provide that each Option, SAR, Stock Award and Performance Unit, Incentive Award and Other Equity-Based Award shall be cancelled in exchange for a payment. The payment may be in cash, Common Stock or other securities or consideration received by stockholders in the Change in Control transaction or, in the case of an Incentive Award, the entire amount that can be paid under the Incentive Award. Except as provided in the preceding sentence with respect to the Incentive Awards, the amount of the payment shall be an

 

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amount that is substantially equal to (i) the amount by which the price per share received by stockholders in the Change in Control exceeds the option price or Initial Value in the case of an Option and SAR, or (ii) the price per share received by stockholders for each share of Common Stock subject to a Stock Award, Performance Unit or Other Equity-Based Award or (iii) the value of the other securities or property in which the Performance Unit or Other Equity-Based award is denominated. If the option price or Initial Value exceeds the price per share received by stockholders in the Change in Control transaction, the Option or SAR may be cancelled under this Section 15.03 without any payment to the Participant.

 

15.04. Limitation of Benefits

The benefits that a Participant may be entitled to receive under this Plan and other benefits that a Participant is entitled to receive under other plans, agreements and arrangements (which, together with the benefits provided under this Plan, are referred to as “Payments”), may constitute Parachute Payments that are subject to Code Sections 280G and 4999. As provided in this Section 15.04, the Parachute Payments will be reduced pursuant to this Section 15.04 if, and only to the extent that, a reduction will allow a Participant to receive a greater Net After Tax Amount than a Participant would receive absent a reduction.

The Accounting Firm will first determine the amount of any Parachute Payments that are payable to a Participant. The Accounting Firm also will determine the Net After Tax Amount attributable to the Participant’s total Parachute Payments.

The Accounting Firm will next determine the largest amount of Payments that may be made to the Participant without subjecting the Participant to tax under Code Section 4999 (the “Capped Payments”). Thereafter, the Accounting Firm will determine the Net After Tax Amount attributable to the Capped Payments.

The Participant will receive the total Parachute Payments or the Capped Payments, whichever provides the Participant with the higher Net After Tax Amount. If the Participant will receive the Capped Payments, the total Parachute Payments will be adjusted by first reducing the amount of any benefits under this Plan or any other plan, agreement or arrangement that are not subject to Section 409A of the Code (with the source of the reduction to be directed by the Participant) and then by reducing the amount of any benefits under this Plan or any other plan, agreement or arrangement that are subject to Section 409A of the Code (with the source of the reduction to be directed by the Participant) in a manner that results in the best economic benefit to the Participant (or, to the extent economically equivalent, in a pro rata manner). The Accounting Firm will notify the Participant and the Company if it determines that the Parachute Payments must be reduced to the Capped Payments and will send the Participant and the Company a copy of its detailed calculations supporting that determination.

 

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As a result of the uncertainty in the application of Code Sections 280G and 4999 at the time that the Accounting Firm makes its determinations under this Article XV, it is possible that amounts will have been paid or distributed to the Participant that should not have been paid or distributed under this Section 15.04 (“Overpayments”), or that additional amounts should be paid or distributed to the Participant under this Section 15.04 (“Underpayments”). If the Accounting Firm determines, based on either the assertion of a deficiency by the Internal Revenue Service against the Company or the Participant, which assertion the Accounting Firm believes has a high probability of success or controlling precedent or substantial authority, that an Overpayment has been made, the Participant must repay to the Company, without interest; provided, however , that no loan will be deemed to have been made and no amount will be payable by the Participant to the Company unless, and then only to the extent that, the deemed loan and payment would either reduce the amount on which the Participant is subject to tax under Code Section 4999 or generate a refund of tax imposed under Code Section 4999. If the Accounting Firm determines, based upon controlling precedent or substantial authority, that an Underpayment has occurred, the Accounting Firm will notify the Participant and the Company of that determination and the amount of that Underpayment will be paid to the Participant promptly by the Company.

For purposes of this Section 15.04, the term “Accounting Firm” means the independent accounting firm engaged by the Company immediately before the Control Change Date. For purposes of this Article XV, the term “Net After Tax Amount” means the amount of any Parachute Payments or Capped Payments, as applicable, net of taxes imposed under Code Sections 1, 3101(b) and 4999 and any State or local income taxes applicable to the Participant on the date of payment. The determination of the Net After Tax Amount shall be made using the highest combined effective rate imposed by the foregoing taxes on income of the same character as the Parachute Payments or Capped Payments, as applicable, in effect on the date of payment. For purposes of this Section 15.04, the term “Parachute Payment” means a payment that is described in Code Section 280G(b)(2), determined in accordance with Code Section 280G and the regulations promulgated or proposed thereunder.

Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 15.04, the limitations and provisions of this Section 15.04 shall not apply to any Participant who, pursuant to an agreement with the Company or the terms of another plan maintained by the Company, is entitled to indemnification or other payment for any liability that the Participant may incur under Code Section 4999. In addition, nothing in this Section 15.04 shall limit or otherwise supersede the provisions of any other agreement or plan which provides that a Participant cannot receive Payments in excess of the Capped Payments.

ARTICLE XVI

AMENDMENT

The Board may amend or terminate this Plan at any time; provided, however , that no amendment may adversely impair the rights of Participants with respect to outstanding awards.

 

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In addition, an amendment will be contingent on approval of the Company’s stockholders if such approval is required by law or the rules of any exchange on which the Common Stock is listed or if the amendment would materially increase the benefits accruing to Participants under the Plan, materially increase the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock that may be issued under the Plan (except as provided in Article XII) or materially modify the requirements as to eligibility for participation in the Plan.

ARTICLE XVII

DURATION OF PLAN

No Stock Award, Performance Unit Award, Option, SAR or Other Equity-Based Award may be granted under this Plan after the day before the tenth anniversary of the date that the Plan is adopted by the Board. Stock Awards, Performance Unit awards, Options, SARs and Other Equity-Based Awards granted before such date shall remain valid in accordance with their terms.

ARTICLE XVIII

EFFECTIVE DATE OF PLAN

Options, Stock Awards, Performance Units and Other Equity-Based Awards may be granted under this Plan on and after the date that the Plan is adopted by the Board, subject to the approval of the stockholders of the Company within twelve months before or after the date that the Plan is adopted by the Board, provided that no award shall be exercisable, vested or settled until such stockholder approval is obtained.

 

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Exhibit 10.4

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

(SHANT KOUMRIQIAN)

THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the “ Agreement ”) is entered into by and between AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter referred to as the “ Company ”), and SHANT KOUMRIQIAN (hereinafter referred to as the “ Executive ”) and is effective as of the Effective Date defined in Section 1 below.

WHEREAS, the Company has hired the Executive to serve in the capacity as the Company’s Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer pursuant to the terms of an offer letter dated October 10, 2012, and the Company and the Executive now wish to enter into this Agreement setting forth the terms and conditions of the Executive’s employment by the Company. This Agreement shall be the only agreement between the Company and the Executive regarding the terms and conditions of the Executive’s employment by the Company. The offer letter dated October 10, 2012, is superseded and replaced in its entirety by this Agreement.

Accordingly, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. Term . The Company hereby employs the Executive and the Executive hereby accepts such employment on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement commencing as of October 15, 2012 (the “ Effective Date ”). The term of this Agreement shall end on December 31, 2015, unless sooner terminated in accordance with the provisions of Section 4 (the period during which the Executive is employed hereunder being hereinafter referred to as the “ Term ”). The Term shall be subject to automatic one (1) year renewals unless notice of non-renewal is provided between the parties in accordance with the notice provisions of Section 7.6, at least ninety (90) days prior to the end of any such Term (a “ Non-Renewal ”).

2. Duties . The Executive, in his capacity as Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer of the Company, shall faithfully perform for the Company the duties of said office and shall perform such other duties of an executive, managerial or administrative nature as shall be specified and designated from time to time by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (the “ Chief Executive Officer ”) and the Board of Directors of the Company (the “ Board ”). Such duties may include, without limitation, the performance of services for, and serving as an officer or director of, any subsidiary of the Company without any additional compensation. The Executive shall devote substantially all of the Executive’s business time and effort to the performance of the Executive’s duties hereunder. Provided that the following activities do not interfere with the Executive’s duties to the Company and provided that the following activities do not violate the Executive’s covenant against competition as described at Section 6.2 hereof, during the Term the Executive may perform personal, charitable and other business activities, including, without limitation, serving as a member of one or more boards of directors of charitable or other professional organizations, and may serve on the boards of directors of other business organizations that are not engaged in any aspect of the residential real estate industry, provided, however , that service on the boards of directors of other business organizations shall require the consent of the Board.

 

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3. Compensation .

3.1 Salary . The Company shall pay the Executive during the Term a salary at the rate of Three Hundred Twenty Five Thousand and No/00 Dollars ($325,000) per annum (the “ Annual Salary ”), in accordance with the customary payroll practices of the Company applicable to senior executives generally. The Annual Salary may be increased from time to time by an amount and on such conditions as may be approved by the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “ Compensation Committee ”), and upon such increase, the increased amount shall thereafter be deemed to be the Annual Salary. Annual Salary will be paid in monthly or semi-monthly installments as determined by the Board, and no Annual Salary will be paid later than 75 days after the conclusion of any calendar year in which such Annual Salary is deemed earned and payable to the Executive.

3.2 Cash and Equity Bonus Compensation; Initial Awards .

(a) Annual Bonus and Other Discretionary Awards . The Executive will be eligible to receive annual cash bonuses (each an “ Annual Bonus ”) upon approval by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. The Compensation Committee shall approve a target level (the “ Target Level ”) each year for the Annual Bonus within 60 days after the beginning of the applicable year. The initial Target Level will be equal to 75% of the Annual Salary, subject to approval by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. Each Annual Bonus will be paid within 60 days after the end of the fiscal year to which such Annual Bonus relates. Additionally, the Executive will be eligible to participate in the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “ 2012 Equity Incentive Plan ”) and any subsequent equity incentive plan approved by the Board (each and any of the foregoing is a “ Company Incentive Plan ”) for equity bonus compensation (any equity compensation granted to the Executive by the Company, whether under this Agreement, a Company Incentive Plan or otherwise approved by the Board, and whether in the form of restricted stock, stock options, long-term incentive plan units, stock appreciation rights or other equity or equity-linked awards, is, collectively, “ Equity Compensation ”). The terms of any Annual Bonus, any other bonus or Equity Compensation will be established by the Compensation Committee.

(b) Initial Equity Grant . On November 7, 2012, the Company granted the Executive 5,000 LTIP Units under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan with a grant date of November 7, 2012. These LTIP Units will be subject to forfeiture restrictions that will lapse in equal 1/3 installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant; namely, on November 7, 2013, November 7, 2014 and November 7, 2015.

(c) IPO Equity Grant . Upon completion of an initial public offering of the Company’s common stock (an “ IPO ”), the Company will grant the Executive a number of LTIP Units or shares of restricted stock, at the election of the Executive, under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan equal to the lesser of (i) 10% of the number of shares added to the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan as a result of the Company’s private offerings of common stock completed in December 2012 and January 2013 and the IPO and (ii) that number of shares having an aggregate market value of $1.1 million based on the public offering price of the Company’s common stock in the IPO. These LTIP Units or shares of restricted stock, as applicable, will be subject to forfeiture restrictions that will lapse in equal 1/3 installments on each of the first three

 

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anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the Executive’s continued employment and accelerated vesting as provided in Sections 4.1(c)(ii) and 5(b)(iii) of this Agreement to the extent the conditions for such accelerated vesting set forth in Section 4 or Section 5, as applicable, are satisfied.

3.3 Benefits - In General . The Executive shall be permitted during the Term to participate in any group life, hospitalization or disability insurance plan, health program, pension and profit sharing plan, 401(k) plan, relocation program and similar benefits that may be available to other senior executives of the Company generally, on the same terms as may be applicable to such other executives (except as otherwise provided in this Section 3), in each case to the extent that the Executive is eligible under the terms of such plans or programs.

3.4 Paid Time Off . The Executive shall be entitled to no fewer than twenty (20) days of paid time off per year, plus Company-scheduled holidays. Any unused days of paid time off will be forfeited at the end of the year.

3.5 Disability Benefits and Life Insurance . To the extent the Company’s group life and disability insurance plans do not provide this level of benefits, the Executive shall be entitled to additional benefits so that his long-term disability coverage provides benefits (to continue for such period as is provided in the applicable disability plan or program, as amended from time to time, and with waiting periods and pre-existing condition exceptions waived to the extent such coverage is available on commercially reasonable terms) equal to seventy-five percent (75%) of his Annual Salary in the case of a covered disability, and life insurance coverage with a face amount equal to $1,000,000. Premiums on all primary or supplemental disability insurance policies and group life insurance provided by the Company under this Agreement shall be paid by the Company, provided that the value of such premiums shall be taxed as income to the Executive.

3.6 Expenses . The Company shall pay or reimburse the Executive for all ordinary and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred and, in the case of reimbursement, actually paid by the Executive during the Term in connection with the performance of the Executive’s services under this Agreement, provided that the Executive shall submit such expenses in accordance with the policies applicable to senior executives of the Company generally.

3.7 Housing Allowance and Air Travel Reimbursement . The Company will provide the Executive with a corporate housing allowance of $2,000 per month for the first ten (10) months of the Term. In addition, the Company will reimburse the Executive for the actual cost of one round-trip economy class flight between Phoenix and Los Angeles, together with related parking costs, every other weekend during the first ten (10) months of the Term. The Company will reimburse the Executive for the real estate commission for the sale of the Executive’s home in Glendale, California and will pay for moving the Executive’s household goods and furnishings from that home to a new home of the Executive located within 50 miles of the Company’s headquarters.

3.8 Earned and Accrued Bonus . For purposes of this Agreement, with respect to “ Earned and Accrued Bonus ” payments to be made to the Executive in connection

 

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with the termination of his employment, Annual Bonus payments and other cash bonus payments and Equity Compensation awards shall be deemed to be “ earned and accrued ” (a) if the Executive is employed with the Company as of the date of the last day of the period for which a bonus payment shall be made or for which Equity Compensation is vested, if the Executive is employed with the Company as of the date such vested award or vesting is scheduled to occur; and (b) to the extent that the criteria or performance goals for determining the amount of such payment or award are objective and measurable criteria, and such objective and measurable criteria have been satisfied or achieved. Earned and Accrued Bonus specifically includes, without limitation, any bonus payments payable to Executive under any approved bonus plan or arrangement and any Equity Compensation that is awarded and vested. A pro rated portion of any Annual Bonus for the year in which termination occurs based on the Target Level for the year in which the termination occurs and the portion of the year that has elapsed as of the date of termination shall be deemed to be “earned and accrued” in the event of any termination of the Executive’s employment, other than termination by the Company for “Cause” (as defined below) or resignation by the Executive without “Good Reason” (as defined below).

3.9 Acceleration of Rights upon Change in Control . Upon the occurrence of a “ Change in Control ” (as such term is defined in the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and in effect as of the Effective Date hereof), all Equity Compensation awarded to the Executive under this Agreement, to the extent not vested as of the date of the Change in Control or to the extent that any such award is subject to forfeiture restrictions as of the date of the Change in Control, shall, immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Change in Control, be deemed vested and all forfeiture restrictions shall lapse (treating any applicable performance criteria as fully satisfied). Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent necessary for the Executive to avoid taxes and/or penalties under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Tax Code ”), a Change in Control shall not be deemed to occur unless it constitutes a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 1.409A-3(i)(5) of the Treasury Regulations promulgated under Section 409A of the Tax Code.

4. Termination of Employment . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment with or without Cause (as defined herein below). The Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment with the Company for Good Reason (as defined herein below) or without Good Reason. The Company or the Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment upon the Executive’s disability as provided in Section 4.1, or by Non-Renewal. The survival provisions of this Agreement described at Section 7.15 contemplate without limitation that, upon the termination of his employment, the Executive shall be subject to the provisions of the Covenant Against Competition set forth in Section 6.2.

4.1 Termination upon the Executive’s Death or Disability .

(a) If the Executive dies during the Term, the obligations of the Company to or with respect to the Executive shall terminate in their entirety except as otherwise provided in this Section 4.1 and except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

(b) If the Executive becomes eligible for disability benefits under the Company’s long-term disability plans and arrangements (or, if none applies, would have been so

 

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eligible under a competitive plan as reasonably determined by the Compensation Committee), the Company or the Executive shall have the right, to the extent permitted by law, to terminate the employment of the Executive upon at least ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the other party, provided that the Company shall not have the right to terminate the Executive’s employment in accordance with this Section 4.1(b) if, (i) in the opinion of a qualified physician reasonably acceptable to both parties, it is reasonably certain that the Executive will be able to resume his or her duties on a regular full-time basis within one hundred eighty (180) days of the date that the notice of such termination is delivered, and (ii) upon the expiration of such one hundred eighty (180) day period, the Executive has resumed his or her duties on a regular full-time basis.

(c) Upon the Executive’s death or the termination of the Executive’s employment by virtue of disability, all of the following shall apply:

(i) the Executive, or the Executive’s estate or beneficiaries in the case of the death of the Executive, shall have no right to receive any compensation or benefit hereunder on and after the effective date of the termination of employment, except that the Company shall reimburse, on a monthly basis, Executive’s COBRA premium under the Company’s major medical group health and dental plan (including the costs of the Executive’s premium required to maintain coverage for his dependents) for a period of 18 months after such termination or the expiration of the period in which COBRA coverage must be provided, whichever is less. The Executive, or the Executive’s estate or beneficiaries in the case of the death of the Executive, shall be entitled to receive the Executive’s Annual Salary and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement prior to the date of such termination, the Executive’s Earned and Accrued Bonuses, vesting of or lapsing of any forfeiture restrictions on any Equity Compensation as provided in clause (ii) below, reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of such termination; provided, that if the Executive is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Tax Code, any payments of “deferred compensation” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(1), after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b)(12)), shall not commence until the first day of the seventh month beginning after the date of the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(h), or, if earlier, within 15 days after the appointment of the personal representative or executor of the Executive’s estate following his or her death if a delay in payment is required, to avoid the imposition of the additional 20% tax under Section 409A of the Tax Code (and in the case of installment payments, the first payment shall include all installment payments required by this subsection that otherwise would have been made during such period). If no deferral is required pursuant to the preceding sentence, the payment will be made within five (5) business days after the Date of Termination;

(ii) all of the Equity Compensation previously awarded to the Executive, to the extent not vested or to the extent subject to forfeiture restrictions, as of the date of the termination of the Executive’s employment, shall immediately be deemed vested and all forfeiture restrictions shall immediately lapse (treating any applicable performance criteria as fully satisfied), and any outstanding options to acquire shares of Company stock shall immediately be vested and shall be, as determined in the discretion of the Board, either (A) exercisable by the Executive or, in the case of the Executive’s death, by the beneficiaries of

 

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Executive’s estate, for one (1) year following the termination (or, if shorter, the balance of the regular term of the options), or (B) cashed out or cancelled, as if in accordance with a Change in Control event, pursuant to the terms set forth in Section 15.03 of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan as in effect on the Effective Date hereof; and

(iii) this Agreement shall otherwise terminate and there shall be no further rights with respect to the Executive hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as provided in Section 7.15. The payments to be made in this Section 4.1(c) shall be in addition to, rather than in lieu of, the entitlement of Executive or his estate to any other insurance or benefit proceeds as a result of his death or disability.

4.2 Termination by the Company for Cause . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment at any time for “ Cause ” if any of the following have occurred:

(a) the Executive’s conviction for (or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to) any felony, or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude;

(b) the Executive’s indictment for any felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, if such indictment is not discharged or otherwise resolved within eighteen (18) months;

(c) the Executive’s commission of an act of fraud, theft, dishonesty or breach of fiduciary duty related to the Company, its Business (as defined in Section 6.1) or the performance of the Executive’s duties hereunder;

(d) the continuing failure or habitual neglect by the Executive to perform the Executive’s duties hereunder, except that, if such failure or neglect is curable, the Executive shall have thirty (30) days from his receipt of a notice of such failure or neglect to cure such condition and, if the Executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board (such cure opportunity being available only once), then such failure or neglect shall not constitute Cause hereunder;

(e) any violation by the Executive of the Restrictive Covenants set forth in Section 6 except that, if such violation is not willful and is curable, the Executive shall first have thirty (30) days from his receipt of notice of such violation to cure such condition and, if the Executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board, such violation shall not constitute Cause hereunder; or

(f) the Executive’s material breach of this Agreement, except that, if such breach is curable, the Executive shall first have thirty (30) days from his receipt of such notice of such breach to cure such breach and, if the Executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board, such breach shall not constitute Cause hereunder.

If the Company terminates the Executive’s employment for Cause, the Executive shall have no right to receive any compensation or benefit hereunder on and after the effective date of the termination of employment, except that the Executive shall be entitled to receive the Executive’s Annual Salary, and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement prior to the date of termination, any Earned and Accrued Bonus, and reimbursement under this Agreement

 

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for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination, provided, however, that if the Company terminates the Executive’s employment for Cause specifically pursuant to Section 4.2(a), (b), or (c) above, then no Earned and Accrued Bonus shall be payable hereunder. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

4.3 Termination by the Company without Cause . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment at any time without Cause upon sixty (60) days prior written notice to the Executive. If the Company terminates the Executive’s employment without the occurrence of any of the events constituting Cause and the termination is not due to the Executive’s death or disability or is not a Non-Renewal, then the termination by the Company is without Cause. If the Company terminates the Executive’s employment without Cause, then the Severance Package provisions of Section 5 shall apply, and this Agreement shall otherwise terminate and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

4.4 Termination of Employment by the Executive for Good Reason . Subject to the notice and cure provisions set forth below, the Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment with the Company for Good Reason and receive the Severance Package provisions of Section 5 if any of the following have occurred without the Executive’s written consent (“ Good Reason ”):

(a) any material diminution in the Executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities (including without limitation the assignment of duties inconsistent with his position, or a significant adverse alteration of the nature or status of his responsibilities, or a significant adverse alteration of the conditions of his employment);

(b) any requirement that the Executive report to a corporate officer or employee of the Company other than the President and/or the Chief Executive Officer;

(c) after there has occurred a Change in Control, any of the following has occurred: (i) a duplication with other Company personnel of the Executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities; (ii) a significant reduction in the budget over which the Executive retains authority; (iii) or a duplication with other Company personnel of the title, authority, duties, or responsibilities of the supervisor to whom the Executive is required to report, specifically including a requirement that the Executive report to a corporate officer or employee other than the President and/or the Chief Executive Officer;

(d) any material reduction of the Executive’s Annual Salary;

(e) the Company’s material breach of this Agreement; or

(f) a determination by the Company to relocate its corporate headquarters to a new location that is more than fifty (50) miles from the current address of the Company’s corporate headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona.

 

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Notwithstanding the forgoing, the Executive shall not be deemed to have terminated this Agreement for Good Reason unless: (y) the Executive terminates this Agreement no later than six (6) months following the initial existence of the above referenced event or condition which is the basis for such termination (it being understood that each instance of any such event shall constitute a separate basis for such termination and a separate event or condition occurring on the date of such instance for purposes of calculating the six- (6)-month period); and (z) the Executive provides to the Company a written notice of the existence of the above referenced event or condition which is the basis for the termination within sixty (60) days following the initial existence of such event or condition, and the Company fails to remedy such event or condition within 30 days following the receipt of such notice. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

4.5 Termination of Employment by the Executive without Good Reason . The Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment with the Company at any time without Good Reason. If the Executive terminates his employment without the occurrence of any of the events constituting “ Good Reason ” and the termination is not due to the Executive’s death or disability, then the termination by the Executive is without Good Reason. If the Executive terminates the Executive’s employment with the Company without Good Reason, the Executive shall have no right to receive any compensation or benefit hereunder on and after the effective date of the termination of employment, except that the Executive shall be entitled to receive the Executive’s Annual Salary, and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement or under applicable Company benefit plans prior to the date of termination and reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

4.6 Termination upon Company Non-Renewal of Agreement . If the Company provides notice of Non-Renewal in accordance with the provisions of Section 1 and Section 7.6 hereof and the Executive resigns within ninety (90) days after receipt of the notice of Non-Renewal, the applicable Severance Package provisions of Section 5 shall apply. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon the termination of the Executive’s employment, and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

5. Severance Package for Certain Terminations of Employment . The Executive shall be entitled to certain rights and shall be bound by certain obligations as described in this Section 5 (the “ Severance Package ”) if the Executive’s employment terminates under any of the following conditions: (x) if the Executive resigns within ninety (90) days following receipt of a Non-Renewal by the Company; (y) if the Company terminates the Executive’s employment without Cause, or (z) if the Executive terminates the Executive’s employment for Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, the “ Severance Package ” shall consist of all of the following rights and obligations:

(a) The Executive shall be entitled to receive the Executive’s Annual Salary, and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement and under applicable Company benefit plans prior to the date of termination, any Earned and Accrued Bonus, and reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination;

 

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(b) If the Executive signs the general release of claims in favor of the Company in the form set forth in Attachment “A” and the general release becomes irrevocably effective not later than forty-five (45) days after the date of the termination event, the Executive shall also be entitled to all of the following:

(i) a cash payment equal to one (1) times the sum of the Executive’s Annual Salary (as in effect on the effective date of such termination excluding any reduction not permitted by this Agreement), plus the greater of (A) the Annual Bonus compensation most recently earned by the Executive for a full year, whether paid or unpaid, and (B) the average Annual Bonus (with any partial years annualized) actually paid for the last three fiscal years (“ Average Annual Bonus ”), payable in equal installments over the period that corresponds to the period during which the covenants provided in Section 6.2 hereof are to be applicable in accordance with the Company’s usual and customary salary payroll practices. If, at the time of a termination to which this sub-subparagraph b(i) applies, at least three full fiscal years have not occurred, then to the extent necessary to calculate the Average Annual Bonus for the last three years as set forth above, the initial Target Level shall be used for the missing years). If the Executive resigns within ninety (90) days following receipt of notice of Non-Renewal by the Company, such payments shall equal one (1) times the sum of (AA) the Executive’s Annual Salary (as in effect on the effective date of such termination excluding any reduction not permitted by this Agreement) plus (BB) the Executive’s Average Annual Bonus compensation, which together shall be payable in equal installments over a twelve (12) month period in accordance with the Company’s usual and customary salary payroll practices (and made payable to the Executive’s estate in the event that the Executive dies prior to the expiration of such period). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Executive is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Tax Code, any payments of “deferred compensation” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(1), after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b)(12)), shall not commence until the first day of the seventh month beginning after the date of the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(h)) to avoid the imposition of the additional 20% tax under Section 409A of the Tax Code (and in the case of installment payments, the first payment shall include all installment payments required by this subsection that otherwise would have been made during such period); and

(ii) for a period of up to 18 months after such termination or the expiration of the period in which COBRA coverage must be provided, whichever is less, the Executive shall have the right to continue to participate (together with his dependents) in the Company’s group medical and dental plans to the extent permitted under COBRA, and the premium for such coverage shall be reimbursed on a monthly basis; provided, however , that the Company shall not be required to reimburse such premiums after such time as the Executive becomes entitled to participate in the health benefits program of another employer or recipient of the Executive’s services; and provided, further , that nothing in this clause (b)(ii) shall restrict the ability of the Company to generally amend or terminate the Company’s group medical and dental plans from time to time in its sole discretion; and

 

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(iii) all of the Equity Compensation awarded to the Executive, to the extent not vested or to the extent subject to forfeiture restrictions as of the date of the termination of the Executive’s employment, shall immediately be deemed vested and any forfeiture restrictions shall immediately lapse (treating the performance criteria for the year of termination as fully satisfied), and any outstanding options to acquire shares of Company stock shall immediately be vested and shall be, as determined in the discretion of the Board, either (A) exercisable by the Executive or, in the case of the Executive’s death, by the beneficiaries of Executive’s estate, for one (1) year following the termination (or, if shorter, the balance of the regular term of the options), or (B) cashed out or cancelled, as if in accordance with a Change in Control event, pursuant to the terms set forth in Section 15.03 of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan as in effect on the Effective Date hereof.

Unless a later payment date is required under Code section 409A (as described above or pursuant to Section 7.20 of this Agreement), payments due under the Severance Package shall be paid to the Executive (or installment payments shall commence) on the fiftieth (50th) day following the date of the termination event. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights hereunder except for surviving provisions of this Agreement as provided in Section 7.15.

6. Covenants of the Executive .

6.1 General Covenants of the Executive . The Executive acknowledges that (a) the principal business of the Company is the acquisition, rental and management of single-family residential properties (such business, and any and all other businesses that after the date hereof, and from time to time during the Term, become material with respect to the Company’s then-overall business, herein being collectively referred to as the “ Business ”) (for purposes of this Agreement, “ Single-family Residential REIT ” shall mean a company that invests in primarily single-family residential properties and that is qualified as a real estate investment trust for purposes of federal income taxation); (b) the Company knows of a limited number of persons who have developed the Business; (c) the Business is, in part, national in scope; (d) the Executive’s work for the Company and its subsidiaries has given and will continue to give the Executive access to the confidential affairs and proprietary information of the Company and to “trade secrets,” (as defined under the laws of the State of Arizona) of the Company and its subsidiaries; (e) the covenants and agreements of the Executive contained in this Section 6.1 are essential to the business and goodwill of the Company; and (f) the Company would not have entered into this Agreement but for the covenants and agreements set forth in this Section 6.1.

6.2 Covenant Against Competition . The covenant against competition herein described shall apply as follows:

(a) during the Term;

 

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(b) for a period of one (1) year following a termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company under any of the conditions set forth in clauses (x), (y) or (z) of Section 5 of this Agreement;

(c) for a period of one-hundred eighty (180) days following a termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason; provided, however, that the Company shall have the option to extend the period for up to an additional one-hundred eighty (180) days if the Company pays the Executive his or her Annual Salary and a pro rated portion of his or her Annual Bonus at the then applicable Target Level as in effect on the date of termination during such extended period; and

(d) as to Section 6.2(bb) and (dd), at any time during and after the Executive’s employment with the Company and its subsidiaries (and the predecessors of either).

During the time periods for described hereinabove, the Executive covenants as follows:

(aa) The Executive shall not, directly or indirectly, own, manage, control or participate in the ownership, management, or control of, or be employed or engaged by or otherwise affiliated or associated as an employee, employer, consultant, agent, principal, partner, stockholder, corporate officer, director or in any other individual or representative capacity, engage or participate in any Single-family Residential REIT or other financial investment business which owns single-family residential properties as its primary business and that has assets in excess of Two Hundred Million and No/00 Dollars ($200,000,000), if such business is in competition in any manner whatsoever with the Business of the Company in any state or country or other jurisdiction in which the Company conducts its Business as of the date of termination; provided, however, that, notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the Executive may own or participate in the ownership of any entity which he owned or managed or participated in the ownership or management of prior to the Effective Date which ownership, management or participation has been disclosed to the Company; and (ii) the Executive may invest in securities of any entity, solely for investment purposes and without participating in the business thereof, if (A) such securities are traded on any national securities exchange or the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System or equivalent non-U.S. securities exchange, (B) the Executive is not a controlling person of, or a member of a group which controls, such entity and (C) the Executive does not, directly or indirectly, own one percent (1%) or more of any class of securities of such entity.

(bb) Except in connection with the business and affairs of the Company and its affiliates: the Executive shall keep secret and retain in strictest confidence, and shall not use for his benefit or the benefit of others, all confidential matters relating to the Business and the business of any of its affiliates and to the Company and any of its affiliates, learned by the Executive heretofore or hereafter directly or indirectly from the Company or any of its subsidiaries (or any predecessor of either) (the “ Confidential Company Information ”), including, without limitation, information with respect to the Business and any aspect thereof, profit or loss figures, and the Company’s or its affiliates’ (or any of their predecessors) properties, and shall not disclose such Confidential Company information to anyone outside of the Company except with the Company’s express written consent and except for Confidential Company Information which (i) at the time of receipt or thereafter becomes publicly known through no wrongful act of

 

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the Executive; (ii) is clearly obtainable in the public domain; (iii) was not acquired by the Executive in connection with the Executive’s employment or affiliation with the Company; (iv) was not acquired by the Executive from the Company or its representatives or from a third-party who has an agreement with the Company not to disclose such information; (v) was legally in the possession of or developed by the Executive prior to the Effective Date; or (vi) is required to be disclosed by rule of law or by order of a court or governmental body or agency. For purposes of this Agreement, “affiliate” means, with respect to the Company, any person, partnership, corporation or other entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company within the meaning of Rule 405 of Regulation C under the Securities Act of 1933, as now in effect or as hereafter amended.

(cc) The Executive shall not, without the Company’s prior written consent, directly or indirectly, (i) knowingly solicit or knowingly encourage to leave the employment or other service of the Company or any of its affiliates, any employee employed by the Company at the time of the termination thereof or knowingly hire (on behalf of the Executive or any other person or entity) any employee employed by the Company at the time of the termination who has left the employment or other service of the Company or any of its affiliates (or any predecessor of either) within one (1) year of the termination of such employee’s or independent contractor’s employment or other service with the Company and its affiliates; or (ii) whether for the Executive’s own account or for the account of any other person, firm, corporation or other business organization, intentionally interfere with the Company’s or any of its affiliates, relationship with, or endeavor to entice away from the Company or any of its affiliates, any person who during the Executive’s employment with the Company is or was a customer or client of the Company or any of its affiliates (or any predecessor of either). Notwithstanding the above, nothing shall prevent the Executive from soliciting loans, investment capital, or the provision of management services from third parties engaged in the Business if the activities of the Executive facilitated thereby do not otherwise adversely interfere with the operations of the Business.

(dd) All memoranda, notes, lists, records, property and any other tangible product and documents (and all copies thereof) made, produced or compiled by the Executive or made available to the Executive during the Term concerning the Business of the Company and its affiliates shall be the Company’s property and shall be delivered to the Company at any time on request. Notwithstanding the above, the Executive’s contacts and contact data base shall not be the Company’s property. Notwithstanding the above, software, methods and material developed by the Executive prior to the Term of the Agreement shall not be the Company’s property.

6.3 Rights and Remedies upon Breach . The Executive acknowledges and agrees that any breach by him of any of the provisions of Sections 6.1 or 6.2 (the “ Restrictive Covenants ”) would result in irreparable injury and damage for which money damages would not provide an adequate remedy. Therefore, if the Executive breaches, or threatens to commit a breach of, any of the Restrictive Covenants, the Company and its affiliates shall have the right and remedy to have the Restrictive Covenants specifically enforced (without posting bond and without the need to prove damages) by any court having equity jurisdiction, including, without limitation, the right to an entry against the Executive of restraining orders and injunctions (preliminary, mandatory, temporary and permanent) against violations, threatened or actual, and whether or not then continuing, of such covenants. This right and remedy shall be in addition to,

 

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and not in lieu of, any other rights and remedies available to the Company and its affiliates under law or in equity (including, without limitation, the recovery of damages). The existence of any claim or cause of action by the Executive, whether predicated on this Agreement or otherwise, shall not constitute a defense to the enforcement of the Restrictive Covenants. The Company has the right to cease making the payments provided as part of the Severance Package in the event of a material breach of any of the Restrictive Covenants that, if capable of cure and not willful, is not cured within thirty (30) days after receipt of notice thereof from the Company.

7. Other Provisions .

7.1 Severability . The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Executive has had an opportunity to seek advice of counsel in connection with this Agreement and that the Restrictive Covenants are reasonable in geographical and temporal scope and in all other respects. If it is determined that any of the provisions of this Agreement, including, without limitation, any of the Restrictive Covenants, or any part thereof, is invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of the provisions of this Agreement shall not thereby be affected and shall be given full effect, without regard to the invalid portions.

7.2 Duration and Scope of Covenants . If any court or other decision maker of competent jurisdiction determines that any of the Executive’s covenants contained in this Agreement, including, without limitation, any of the Restrictive Covenants, or any part thereof, are unenforceable because of the duration or geographical scope of such provision, then, after such determination has become final and unappealable, the duration or scope of such provision, as the case may be, shall be reduced so that such provision becomes enforceable and, in its reduced form, such provision shall then be enforceable and shall be enforced.

7.3 Enforceability of Restrictive Covenants; Jurisdictions . The Company and the Executive intend to and hereby consent to jurisdiction to enforce the Restrictive Covenants upon the courts of any jurisdiction within the geographical scope of the Restrictive Covenants. If the courts of any one or more of such jurisdictions hold the Restrictive Covenants wholly unenforceable by reason of breadth of scope or otherwise it is the intention of the Company and the Executive that such determination not bar or in any way affect the Company’s right, or the right of any of its affiliates, to the relief provided above in the courts of any other jurisdiction within the geographical scope of such Restrictive Covenants, as to breaches of such Restrictive Covenants in such other respective jurisdictions, such Restrictive Covenants as they relate to each jurisdiction’s being, for this purpose, severable, diverse and independent covenants, subject, where appropriate, to the doctrine of res judicata .

7.4 Arbitration . Except with respect to any claims or disputes arising from or relating to the Restrictive Covenants or arising after a Change in Control, any disputes arising under or in connection with this Agreement shall be resolved by binding arbitration, to be held in Phoenix, Arizona in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules, as amended from time to time, of the American Arbitration Association (the “ AAA ”). The Company and the Executive will each select an arbitrator, and a third arbitrator will be selected jointly by the arbitrators selected by the Company and the Executive within 15 days after demand for arbitration is made by a Party. If the arbitrators selected by the Company and the Executive are unable to agree on a third arbitrator within that period, then either the Company or the Executive may request that the

 

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AAA select the third arbitrator. The arbitrators will possess substantive legal experience in the principle issues in dispute and will be independent of the Company and the Executive. To the extent permitted by applicable law and not prohibited by the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the Company will pay all expenses (including the reasonable expenses of the Executive, including his reasonable legal fees, if the Executive is the prevailing party in such arbitration) incurred in connection with arbitration and the fees and expenses of the arbitrators and will advance such expenses from time to time as required. Except as may otherwise be agreed in writing by the parties or as ordered by the arbitrators upon substantial justification shown, the hearing for the dispute will be held within 60 days of submission of the dispute to arbitration. The arbitrators will render their final award within 30 days following conclusion of the hearing and any required post-hearing briefing or other proceedings ordered by the arbitrators. The arbitrators will state the factual and legal basis for the award. The decision of the arbitrators will be final and binding and not subject to judicial review and final judgment may be entered upon such an award in any court of competent jurisdiction, but entry of such judgment will not be required to make such award effective.

7.5 Attorneys’ Fees . If litigation after a Change in Control shall be brought to enforce or interpret any provision contained herein, the Company, to the extent permitted by applicable law and not prohibited by the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, shall indemnify the Executive for the Executive’s reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements incurred in such litigation if the Executive is the prevailing party in such litigation.

7.6 Notices . Any notice, consent or other communication required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be delivered personally, telegraphed, telexed, sent by facsimile transmission or sent by certified, registered or express mail, postage prepaid. Any such notice, consent or other communication shall be deemed given when so delivered personally, delivered by overnight courier, telexed or sent by facsimile transmission or, if mailed, five days after the date of deposit in the United States mails as follows:

 

(a)      If to the Company, to:
     American Residential Properties, Inc.
     7033 E Greenway Parkway Suite 210
     Scottsdale, AZ 85254
     Attention: Stephen G. Schmitz, CEO
     Fax: 480.264.2943 | Cell 480.266.9590
     Email: steve.schmitz@americanresidentialproperties.com
     with copies, in the case of notice, to:
     Hunton & Williams LLP
     Riverfront Plaza, East Tower
     951 East Byrd Street
     Richmond, Virginia 23219
     Attention: Daniel M. LeBey, Esq.
     Fax: (804) 788-8218
     Email: dlebey@hunton.com

 

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(b)   If to the Executive, to:
  Mr. Shant Koumriqian
 

 

  
 

 

  
  Fax:   

 

  
  Email:   

 

  
  with a copy in either case to:
  Roy Z. Silva
  Theodora Oringher PC
  535 Anton Blvd., Ninth Floor
  Costa Mesa, CA 92626
  Fax: (714) 549-6201
  Email: rsilva@tocounsel.com

Any such person may by notice given in accordance with this Section to the other parties hereto designate another address or person for receipt by such person of notices hereunder.

7.7 Entire Agreement . This Agreement contains the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, written or oral, with the Company or its subsidiaries (or any predecessor of either).

7.8 Waivers and Amendments . This Agreement may be amended, superseded, canceled, renewed or extended, and the terms hereof may be waived, only by a written instrument signed by the parties or, in the case of a waiver, by the party waiving compliance. No delay on the part of any party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any waiver on the part of any party of any such right, power or privilege nor any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other such right, power or privilege.

7.9 GOVERNING LAW . THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED EXCLUSIVELY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF ARIZONA WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW. Subject to the parties’ obligations under Section 7.4, the Executive and the Company each hereby expressly consents to the exclusive venue and jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in Phoenix, Arizona, for any lawsuit arising from or relating to this Agreement.

7.10 Assignment . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the executors, administrators, heirs, successors and assigns of the parties; provided, however, that except as herein expressly provided, this Agreement shall not be assignable either by the Company (except to an affiliate of the Company, in which event the Company shall remain liable if the affiliate fails to meet any of the Company’s obligations hereunder, including without limitation to provide the employment opportunities offered hereby and to make payments or provide benefits or otherwise) or by the Executive. In the event that the Executive

 

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consents to the assignment of this Agreement to a successor in interest of the Company upon a Change in Control, such consent shall not be deemed to waive or diminish the Executive’s rights under Section 3.8.

7.11 Withholding . The Company shall be entitled to withhold from any payments or deemed payments any amount of withholding required by law. In the event that the Company determines that any federal, state, local or foreign tax or withholding payment is required relating to the vesting in or delivery of any Equity Compensation, the Company shall have the right to require such payments from the Executive or withhold such amounts from other payments due to the Executive from the Company or any affiliate, or to withhold such Equity Compensation that would otherwise have been issued to the Executive. The Executive shall have the right to recommend the manner in which such payments shall be made or withheld. No other taxes, fees, impositions, duties or other charges or offsets of any kind shall be deducted or withheld from amounts payable hereunder, unless otherwise required by law.

7.12 No Duty to Mitigate . The Executive shall not be required to mitigate damages or the amount of any payment provided for under this Agreement by seeking other employment or otherwise, nor will any payments hereunder be subject to offset in the event the Executive does mitigate.

7.13 Binding Effect . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors, permitted assigns, heirs, executors and legal representatives.

7.14 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original but all such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Each counterpart may consist of two copies hereof each signed by one of the parties hereto.

7.15 Survival . The rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement, which by their nature would continue beyond the termination or expiration of this Agreement, shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement. The Company’s obligations hereunder shall not be terminated by reason of any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy, cessation of business, or similar event relating to the Company. This Agreement shall not be terminated by any merger or consolidation or other reorganization of the Company. In the event any such merger, consolidation or reorganization shall be accomplished by transfer of stock or by transfer of assets or otherwise, the provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the surviving or resulting corporation or person.

7.16 Existing Agreements . Executive represents to the Company that the Executive is not subject or a party to any employment or consulting agreement, non-competition covenant or other agreement, covenant or understanding which might prohibit the Executive from executing this Agreement or limit the Executive’s ability to fulfill the Executive’s responsibilities hereunder.

7.17 Headings . The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.

 

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7.18 Parachute Provisions . If any amount payable to, or other benefit receivable by the Executive pursuant to this Agreement (taking into account payments and benefits under other agreements, plans and agreements) is deemed to constitute a “parachute payment” as defined in Section 280G of the Tax Code, then such payment or benefit shall be reduced in accordance with, and to the extent required by, the provisions of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

7.19 Indemnification; Directors and Officer’s Insurance . The Executive shall be entitled to indemnification in all instances in which the Executive is acting within the scope of his authority to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and not prohibited by the Company’s charter and bylaws, from and against any damages or liabilities, including reasonable attorney’s fees; provided, however, that the Executive shall not be entitled to indemnification for damages or liabilities which result from or arise out of the Executive’s willful misconduct or gross negligence. During the Term, the Company will maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in a coverage amount of not less than Ten Million and No/00 Dollars ($10,000,000).

7.20 409A . This Agreement and the amounts payable and other benefits hereunder are intended to comply with, or otherwise be exempt from, Section 409A of the Tax Code. This Agreement shall be administered, interpreted and construed in a manner consistent with Section 409A. If any provision of this Agreement is found not to comply with, or otherwise not to be exempt from, the provisions of Section 409A, it shall be modified and given effect, in the sole discretion of the Board or Compensation Committee thereof and without requiring the Executive’s consent, in such manner as the Board or Compensation Committee determines to be necessary or appropriate to comply with, or to effectuate an exemption from, Section 409A. Each payment under this Agreement shall be treated as a separate identified payment for purposes of Section 409A. The preceding provisions shall not constitute or be construed as a guarantee, representation or warranty by the Company of any particular favorable tax effect or result to the Executive of the payments and other benefits under this Agreement.

With respect to any reimbursement of expenses of, or any provision of in-kind benefits to, the Executive, as specified under this Agreement, such reimbursement of expenses or provision of in-kind benefits shall be subject to the following conditions: (a) the expenses eligible for reimbursement or the amount of in-kind benefits provided in one taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement or the amount of in-kind benefits provided in any other taxable year, except for any medical reimbursement arrangement providing for the reimbursement of expenses referred to in Section 105(b) of the Tax Code; (b) the reimbursement of an eligible expense shall be made no later than the end of the year after the year in which such expense was incurred; and (c) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

If a payment obligation under this Agreement arises on account of the Executive’s termination of employment and if such payment is subject to Section 409A, the payment shall be paid only in connection with the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined in Treas. Reg. Section 1.409A-1(h)). If a payment obligation under this Agreement arises on account of the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined under Treas. Reg. Section 1.409A-1(h)) while the Executive is a “specified employee” (as defined under Treas. Reg. Section 1.409A-1(h)), any payment of “deferred compensation” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(1),

 

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after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b)(12)) that is scheduled to be paid within six months after such separation from service shall accrue without interest and shall be paid on the first day of the seventh month beginning after the date of the Executive’s separation from service or, if earlier, within 15 days after the appointment of the personal representative or executor of the Executive’s estate following his death.

[Signature page follows.]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have signed their names to this Employment Agreement as of the day and year set forth below.

 

    COMPANY:
   

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.,

a Maryland corporation:

Date: April 19, 2013     By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

    Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
    Title:   Chief Executive Officer
    EXECUTIVE:
    SHANT KOUMRIQIAN
Date: April 19, 2013    

/s/ Shant Koumriqian

    Signature


ATTACHMENT “A”

to

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

Shant Koumriqian

General Release of Claims

Consistent with Section 5 of the Employment Agreement dated April 19, 2013, effective as of October 15, 2012, between AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC. (the “Company”) and me (the “ Employment Agreement ”) and in consideration for and contingent upon my receipt of the Severance Package set forth in Sections 5(b) of the Employment Agreement, I, for myself, my attorneys, heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, do hereby fully and forever release and discharge the Company and its affiliated entities (as defined in the Employment Agreement), as well as their predecessors, successors, assigns, and their current or former directors, officers, partners, agents, employees, attorneys, and administrators from all suits, causes of action, and/or claims, demands or entitlements of any nature whatsoever, whether known, unknown, or unforeseen, which I have or may have against any of them arising out of or in connection with my employment by the Company, the Employment Agreement, the termination of my employment with the Company, or any event, transaction, or matter occurring or existing on or before the date of my signing of this General Release, except that I am not releasing any (a) right to indemnification that I may otherwise have, (b) right to Annual Salary and benefits under applicable benefit plans that are earned and accrued but unpaid as of the date of my signing this General Release, (c) right to reimbursement for business expenses incurred and not reimbursed as of the date of my signing this General Release, (d) right to any bonus payment(s) or other compensation due under the Employment Agreement, the Bonus Plan, any Company Incentive Plan that is earned and accrued for the most recent completed calendar year for which a bonus payment has not then been paid as of the date of my signing this General Release, or (e) claims arising after the date of my signing this General Release. I agree not to file or otherwise institute any claim, demand or lawsuit seeking damages or other relief and not to otherwise assert any claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I further hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive any and all rights to recover any relief or damages concerning the claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I represent and warrant that I have not previously filed or joined in any such claims, demands or entitlements against the Company or the other persons released herein and that I will indemnify and hold them harmless from all liabilities, claims, demands, costs, expenses and/or attorneys’ fees incurred as a result of any such claims, demands or lawsuits.

Except as otherwise expressly provided above, this General Release specifically includes, but is not limited to, all claims of breach of contract, employment discrimination (including any claims coming within the scope of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, and any comparable Arizona law, all as amended, or any other applicable federal, state, or local law), claims under the Employee

 

A-1


Retirement Income Security Act, as amended, claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended (or any other applicable federal, state or local statute relating to payment of wages), claims concerning recruitment, hiring, termination, salary rate, severance pay, stock options, wages or benefits due, sick leave, holiday pay, vacation pay, life insurance, group medical insurance, any other fringe benefits, worker’s compensation, termination, employment status, libel, slander, defamation, intentional or negligent misrepresentation and/or infliction of emotional distress, together with any and all tort, contract, or other claims which might have been asserted by me or on my behalf in any suit, charge of discrimination, or claim against the Company or the persons released herein.

I acknowledge that I have been given an opportunity of twenty-one (21) days to consider this General Release and that I have been encouraged by the Company to discuss fully the terms of this General Release with legal counsel of my own choosing. Moreover, for a period of seven (7) days following my execution of this General Release, I shall have the right to revoke the waiver of claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, a federal statute that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees who are age 40 or over. If I elect to revoke this General Release within this seven-day period, I must inform the Company by delivering a written notice of revocation to the Company’s Director of Human Resources,                     , no later than 11:59 p.m. on the seventh calendar day after I sign this General Release. I understand that, if I elect to exercise this revocation right, this General Release shall be voided in its entirety and the Company shall be relieved of all obligations to make the portion of the Severance Package described in Section 5(b) of the Employment Agreement. I may, if I wish, elect to sign this General Release prior to the expiration of the 21-day consideration period, and I agree that if I elect to do so, my election is made freely and voluntarily and after having an opportunity to consult counsel.

 

AGREED:    
[Form of Agreement Only - Do Not Execute]    

 

   

 

 

    Date

 

A-2

Exhibit 10.5

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

(ANDREW G. KENT)

THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the “ Agreement ”) is entered into by and between AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter referred to as the “ Company ”), and ANDREW G. KENT (hereinafter referred to as the “ Executive ”) and is effective as of the Effective Date defined in Section 1 below.

WHEREAS, the Company has hired the Executive to serve in the capacity as the Company’s Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary and the Company and the Executive now wish to enter into this Agreement setting forth the terms and conditions of the Executive’s employment by the Company. This Agreement shall be the only agreement between the Company and the Executive regarding the terms and conditions of the Executive’s employment by the Company.

Accordingly, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. Term . The Company hereby employs the Executive and the Executive hereby accepts such employment on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement commencing as of January 1, 2013 (the “ Effective Date ”). The term of this Agreement shall end on December 31, 2015, unless sooner terminated in accordance with the provisions of Section 4 (the period during which the Executive is employed hereunder being hereinafter referred to as the “ Term ”). The Term shall be subject to automatic one (1) year renewals unless notice of non-renewal is provided between the parties in accordance with the notice provisions of Section 7.6, at least ninety (90) days prior to the end of any such Term (a “ Non-Renewal ”).

2. Duties . The Executive, in the Executive’s capacity as Senior Vice President, Investments, Chief Compliance Officer, General Counsel and Secretary of the Company, shall faithfully perform for the Company the duties of said office and shall perform such other duties of an executive, managerial or administrative nature as shall be specified and designated from time to time by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (the “ Chief Executive Officer ”), the President of the Company, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company or the Board of Directors of the Company (the “ Board ”). Such duties may include, without limitation, the performance of services for, and serving as an officer or director of, any subsidiary of the Company without any additional compensation. The Executive shall devote substantially all of the Executive’s business time and effort to the performance of the Executive’s duties hereunder. Provided that the following activities do not interfere with the Executive’s duties to the Company and provided that the following activities do not violate the Executive’s covenant against competition as described at Section 6.2 hereof, during the Term the Executive may perform personal, charitable and other business activities, including, without limitation, serving as a member of one or more boards of directors of charitable or other professional organizations, and may serve on the boards of directors of other business organizations that are not engaged in any aspect of the residential real estate industry, provided, however , that service on the boards of directors of other business organizations shall require the consent of the Board.

 

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3. Compensation .

3.1 Salary . The Company shall pay the Executive during the Term a salary at the rate of Two Hundred Twenty Five Thousand and No/00 Dollars ($225,000) per annum (the “ Annual Salary ”), in accordance with the customary payroll practices of the Company applicable to senior executives generally. The Annual Salary may be increased from time to time by an amount and on such conditions as may be approved by the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “ Compensation Committee ”), and upon such increase, the increased amount shall thereafter be deemed to be the Annual Salary. Annual Salary will be paid in monthly or semi-monthly installments as determined by the Board, and no Annual Salary will be paid later than 75 days after the conclusion of any calendar year in which such Annual Salary is deemed earned and payable to the Executive.

3.2 Cash and Equity Bonus Compensation; Initial Awards .

(a) Annual Bonus and Other Discretionary Awards . The Executive will be eligible to receive annual cash bonuses (each an “ Annual Bonus ”) upon approval by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. The Compensation Committee shall approve a target level (the “ Target Level ”) each year for the Annual Bonus within 60 days after the beginning of the applicable year. The initial Target Level will be equal to 60% of the Annual Salary, subject to approval by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. Each Annual Bonus will be paid within 60 days after the end of the fiscal year to which such Annual Bonus relates. Additionally, the Executive will be eligible to participate in the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “ 2012 Equity Incentive Plan ”) and any subsequent equity incentive plan approved by the Board (each and any of the foregoing is a “ Company Incentive Plan ”) for equity bonus compensation (any equity compensation granted to the Executive by the Company, whether under this Agreement, a Company Incentive Plan or otherwise approved by the Board, and whether in the form of restricted stock, stock options, long-term incentive plan units, stock appreciation rights or other equity or equity-linked awards, is, collectively, “ Equity Compensation ”). The terms of any Annual Bonus, any other bonus or Equity Compensation will be established by the Compensation Committee.

(b) Initial Equity Grants . On May 14, 2012 and November 7, 2012, the Company granted the Executive 2,500 LTIP Units and 12,500 LTIP Units, respectively, under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan with a grant date of May 14, 2012 and November 7, 2012, respectively. These LTIP Units will be subject to forfeiture restrictions that will lapse in equal 1/3 installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the applicable date of grant.

(c) IPO Equity Grant . Upon completion of an initial public offering of the Company’s common stock (an “ IPO ”), the Company will grant the Executive a number of LTIP Units under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan equal to that number of LTIP units having an aggregate market value of $550,000 based on the public offering price of the Company’s common stock in the IPO. These LTIP Units will be subject to forfeiture restrictions that will lapse in equal 1/5 installments on each of the first five anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the Executive’s continued employment and accelerated vesting as provided in Sections 4.1(c)(ii) and 5(b)(iii) of this Agreement to the extent the conditions for such accelerated vesting set forth in Section 4 or Section 5, as applicable, are satisfied.

 

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3.3 Benefits - In General . The Executive shall be permitted during the Term to participate in any group life, hospitalization or disability insurance plan, health program, pension and profit sharing plan, 401(k) plan, relocation program and similar benefits that may be available to other senior executives of the Company generally, on the same terms as may be applicable to such other executives (except as otherwise provided in this Section 3), in each case to the extent that the Executive is eligible under the terms of such plans or programs.

3.4 Paid Time Off . The Executive shall be entitled to no fewer than twenty (20) days of paid time off per year, plus Company-scheduled holidays. Any unused days of paid time off will be forfeited at the end of the year.

3.5 Disability Benefits and Life Insurance . To the extent the Company’s group life and disability insurance plans do not provide this level of benefits, the Executive shall be entitled to additional benefits so that his long-term disability coverage provides benefits (to continue for such period as is provided in the applicable disability plan or program, as amended from time to time, and with waiting periods and pre-existing condition exceptions waived to the extent such coverage is available on commercially reasonable terms) equal to seventy-five percent (75%) of his Annual Salary in the case of a covered disability, and life insurance coverage with a face amount equal to $1,000,000. Premiums on all primary or supplemental disability insurance policies and group life insurance provided by the Company under this Agreement shall be paid by the Company, provided that the value of such premiums shall be taxed as income to the Executive.

3.6 Expenses . The Company shall pay or reimburse the Executive for all ordinary and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred and, in the case of reimbursement, actually paid by the Executive during the Term in connection with the performance of the Executive’s services under this Agreement, provided that the Executive shall submit such expenses in accordance with the policies applicable to senior executives of the Company generally.

3.7 Earned and Accrued Bonus . For purposes of this Agreement, with respect to “ Earned and Accrued Bonus ” payments to be made to the Executive in connection with the termination of his employment, Annual Bonus payments and other cash bonus payments and Equity Compensation awards shall be deemed to be “ earned and accrued ” (a) if the Executive is employed with the Company as of the date of the last day of the period for which a bonus payment shall be made or for which Equity Compensation is vested, if the Executive is employed with the Company as of the date such vested award or vesting is scheduled to occur; and (b) to the extent that the criteria or performance goals for determining the amount of such payment or award are objective and measurable criteria, and such objective and measurable criteria have been satisfied or achieved. Earned and Accrued Bonus specifically includes, without limitation, any bonus payments payable to Executive under any approved bonus plan or arrangement and any Equity Compensation that is awarded and vested. A pro rated portion of any Annual Bonus for the year in which termination occurs based on the Target Level for the year in which the termination occurs and the portion of the year that has elapsed as of the date of termination shall be deemed to be “earned and accrued” in the event of any termination of the Executive’s employment, other than termination by the Company for “Cause” (as defined below) or resignation by the Executive without “Good Reason” (as defined below).

 

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3.8 Acceleration of Rights upon Change in Control . Upon the occurrence of a “ Change in Control ” (as such term is defined in the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and in effect as of the Effective Date hereof), all Equity Compensation awarded to the Executive under this Agreement, to the extent not vested as of the date of the Change in Control or to the extent that any such award is subject to forfeiture restrictions as of the date of the Change in Control, shall, immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Change in Control, be deemed vested and all forfeiture restrictions shall lapse (treating any applicable performance criteria as fully satisfied). Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent necessary for the Executive to avoid taxes and/or penalties under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Tax Code ”), a Change in Control shall not be deemed to occur unless it constitutes a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 1.409A-3(i)(5) of the Treasury Regulations promulgated under Section 409A of the Tax Code.

4. Termination of Employment . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment with or without Cause (as defined herein below). The Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment with the Company for Good Reason (as defined herein below) or without Good Reason. The Company or the Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment upon the Executive’s disability as provided in Section 4.1, or by Non-Renewal. The survival provisions of this Agreement described at Section 7.15 contemplate without limitation that, upon the termination of his employment, the Executive shall be subject to the provisions of the Covenant Against Competition set forth in Section 6.2.

4.1 Termination upon the Executive’s Death or Disability .

(a) If the Executive dies during the Term, the obligations of the Company to or with respect to the Executive shall terminate in their entirety except as otherwise provided in this Section 4.1 and except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

(b) If the Executive becomes eligible for disability benefits under the Company’s long-term disability plans and arrangements (or, if none applies, would have been so eligible under a competitive plan as reasonably determined by the Compensation Committee), the Company or the Executive shall have the right, to the extent permitted by law, to terminate the employment of the Executive upon at least ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the other party, provided that the Company shall not have the right to terminate the Executive’s employment in accordance with this Section 4.1(b) if, (i) in the opinion of a qualified physician reasonably acceptable to both parties, it is reasonably certain that the Executive will be able to resume his or her duties on a regular full-time basis within one hundred eighty (180) days of the date that the notice of such termination is delivered, and (ii) upon the expiration of such one hundred eighty (180) day period, the Executive has resumed his or her duties on a regular full-time basis.

(c) Upon the Executive’s death or the termination of the Executive’s employment by virtue of disability, all of the following shall apply:

(i) the Executive, or the Executive’s estate or beneficiaries in the case of the death of the Executive, shall have no right to receive any compensation or benefit

 

4


hereunder on and after the effective date of the termination of employment, except that the Company shall reimburse, on a monthly basis, Executive’s COBRA premium under the Company’s major medical group health and dental plan (including the costs of the Executive’s premium required to maintain coverage for his dependents) for a period of 18 months after such termination or the expiration of the period in which COBRA coverage must be provided, whichever is less. The Executive, or the Executive’s estate or beneficiaries in the case of the death of the Executive, shall be entitled to receive the Executive’s Annual Salary and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement prior to the date of such termination, the Executive’s Earned and Accrued Bonuses, vesting of or lapsing of any forfeiture restrictions on any Equity Compensation as provided in clause (ii) below, reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of such termination; provided, that if the Executive is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Tax Code, any payments of “deferred compensation” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(1), after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b)(12)), shall not commence until the first day of the seventh month beginning after the date of the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(h), or, if earlier, within 15 days after the appointment of the personal representative or executor of the Executive’s estate following his or her death if a delay in payment is required, to avoid the imposition of the additional 20% tax under Section 409A of the Tax Code (and in the case of installment payments, the first payment shall include all installment payments required by this subsection that otherwise would have been made during such period). If no deferral is required pursuant to the preceding sentence, the payment will be made within five (5) business days after the Date of Termination;

(ii) all of the Equity Compensation previously awarded to the Executive, to the extent not vested or to the extent subject to forfeiture restrictions, as of the date of the termination of the Executive’s employment, shall immediately be deemed vested and all forfeiture restrictions shall immediately lapse (treating any applicable performance criteria as fully satisfied), and any outstanding options to acquire shares of Company stock shall immediately be vested and shall be, as determined in the discretion of the Board, either (A) exercisable by the Executive or, in the case of the Executive’s death, by the beneficiaries of Executive’s estate, for one (1) year following the termination (or, if shorter, the balance of the regular term of the options), or (B) cashed out or cancelled, as if in accordance with a Change in Control event, pursuant to the terms set forth in Section 15.03 of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan as in effect on the Effective Date hereof; and

(iii) this Agreement shall otherwise terminate and there shall be no further rights with respect to the Executive hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as provided in Section 7.15. The payments to be made in this Section 4.1(c) shall be in addition to, rather than in lieu of, the entitlement of Executive or his estate to any other insurance or benefit proceeds as a result of his death or disability.

4.2 Termination by the Company for Cause . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment at any time for “ Cause ” if any of the following have occurred:

(a) the Executive’s conviction for (or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to) any felony, or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude;

 

5


(b) the Executive’s indictment for any felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, if such indictment is not discharged or otherwise resolved within eighteen (18) months;

(c) the Executive’s commission of an act of fraud, theft, dishonesty or breach of fiduciary duty related to the Company, its Business (as defined in Section 6.1) or the performance of the Executive’s duties hereunder;

(d) the continuing failure or habitual neglect by the Executive to perform the Executive’s duties hereunder, except that, if such failure or neglect is curable, the Executive shall have thirty (30) days from his receipt of a notice of such failure or neglect to cure such condition and, if the Executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board (such cure opportunity being available only once), then such failure or neglect shall not constitute Cause hereunder;

(e) any violation by the Executive of the Restrictive Covenants set forth in Section 6 except that, if such violation is not willful and is curable, the Executive shall first have thirty (30) days from his receipt of notice of such violation to cure such condition and, if the Executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board, such violation shall not constitute Cause hereunder; or

(f) the Executive’s material breach of this Agreement, except that, if such breach is curable, the Executive shall first have thirty (30) days from his receipt of such notice of such breach to cure such breach and, if the Executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board, such breach shall not constitute Cause hereunder.

If the Company terminates the Executive’s employment for Cause, the Executive shall have no right to receive any compensation or benefit hereunder on and after the effective date of the termination of employment, except that the Executive shall be entitled to receive the Executive’s Annual Salary, and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement prior to the date of termination, any Earned and Accrued Bonus, and reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination, provided, however, that if the Company terminates the Executive’s employment for Cause specifically pursuant to Section 4.2(a), (b), or (c) above, then no Earned and Accrued Bonus shall be payable hereunder. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

4.3 Termination by the Company without Cause . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment at any time without Cause upon sixty (60) days prior written notice to the Executive. If the Company terminates the Executive’s employment without the occurrence of any of the events constituting Cause and the termination is not due to the Executive’s death or disability or is not a Non-Renewal, then the termination by the Company is without Cause. If the Company terminates the Executive’s employment without Cause, then the Severance Package provisions of Section 5 shall apply, and this Agreement shall otherwise terminate and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

 

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4.4 Termination of Employment by the Executive for Good Reason . Subject to the notice and cure provisions set forth below, the Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment with the Company for Good Reason and receive the Severance Package provisions of Section 5 if any of the following have occurred without the Executive’s written consent (“ Good Reason ”):

(a) any material diminution in the Executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities (including without limitation the assignment of duties inconsistent with his position, or a significant adverse alteration of the nature or status of his responsibilities, or a significant adverse alteration of the conditions of his employment);

(b) after there has occurred a Change in Control, any of the following has occurred: (i) a duplication with other Company personnel of the Executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities; (ii) a significant reduction in the budget over which the Executive retains authority; (iii) or a duplication with other Company personnel of the title, authority, duties, or responsibilities of the supervisor to whom the Executive is required to report;

(c) any material reduction of the Executive’s Annual Salary;

(d) the Company’s material breach of this Agreement; or

(e) a determination by the Company to relocate its corporate headquarters to a new location that is more than fifty (50) miles from the current address of the Company’s corporate headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Notwithstanding the forgoing, the Executive shall not be deemed to have terminated this Agreement for Good Reason unless: (y) the Executive terminates this Agreement no later than six (6) months following the initial existence of the above referenced event or condition which is the basis for such termination (it being understood that each instance of any such event shall constitute a separate basis for such termination and a separate event or condition occurring on the date of such instance for purposes of calculating the six- (6)-month period); and (z) the Executive provides to the Company a written notice of the existence of the above referenced event or condition which is the basis for the termination within sixty (60) days following the initial existence of such event or condition, and the Company fails to remedy such event or condition within 30 days following the receipt of such notice. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

4.5 Termination of Employment by the Executive without Good Reason . The Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment with the Company at any time without Good Reason. If the Executive terminates his employment without the occurrence of any of the events constituting “ Good Reason ” and the termination is not due to the Executive’s death or disability, then the termination by the Executive is without Good Reason. If the Executive terminates the Executive’s employment with the Company without Good Reason, the Executive shall have no right to receive any compensation or benefit hereunder on and after the effective date of the termination of employment, except that the Executive shall be entitled to

 

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receive the Executive’s Annual Salary, and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement or under applicable Company benefit plans prior to the date of termination and reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

4.6 Termination upon Company Non-Renewal of Agreement . If the Company provides notice of Non-Renewal in accordance with the provisions of Section 1 and Section 7.6 hereof and the Executive resigns within ninety (90) days after receipt of the notice of Non-Renewal, the applicable Severance Package provisions of Section 5 shall apply. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon the termination of the Executive’s employment, and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

5. Severance Package for Certain Terminations of Employment . The Executive shall be entitled to certain rights and shall be bound by certain obligations as described in this Section 5 (the “ Severance Package ”) if the Executive’s employment terminates under any of the following conditions: (x) if the Executive resigns within ninety (90) days following receipt of a Non-Renewal by the Company; (y) if the Company terminates the Executive’s employment without Cause, or (z) if the Executive terminates the Executive’s employment for Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, the “ Severance Package ” shall consist of all of the following rights and obligations:

(a) The Executive shall be entitled to receive the Executive’s Annual Salary, and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement and under applicable Company benefit plans prior to the date of termination, any Earned and Accrued Bonus, and reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination;

(b) If the Executive signs the general release of claims in favor of the Company in the form set forth in Attachment “A” and the general release becomes irrevocably effective not later than forty-five (45) days after the date of the termination event, the Executive shall also be entitled to all of the following:

(i) a cash payment equal to one (1) times the sum of the Executive’s Annual Salary (as in effect on the effective date of such termination excluding any reduction not permitted by this Agreement), plus the greater of (A) the Annual Bonus compensation most recently earned by the Executive for a full year, whether paid or unpaid, and (B) the average Annual Bonus (with any partial years annualized) actually paid for the last three fiscal years (“ Average Annual Bonus ”), payable in equal installments over the period that corresponds to the period during which the covenants provided in Section 6.2 hereof are to be applicable in accordance with the Company’s usual and customary salary payroll practices. If, at the time of a termination to which this sub-subparagraph b(i) applies, at least three full fiscal years have not occurred, then to the extent necessary to calculate the Average Annual Bonus for the last three years as set forth above, the initial Target Level shall be used for the missing years). If the Executive resigns within ninety (90) days following receipt of notice of Non-Renewal by the Company, such payments shall equal one (1) times the sum of (AA) the

 

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Executive’s Annual Salary (as in effect on the effective date of such termination excluding any reduction not permitted by this Agreement) plus (BB) the Executive’s Average Annual Bonus compensation, which together shall be payable in equal installments over a twelve (12) month period in accordance with the Company’s usual and customary salary payroll practices (and made payable to the Executive’s estate in the event that the Executive dies prior to the expiration of such period). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Executive is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Tax Code, any payments of “deferred compensation” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(1), after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b)(12)), shall not commence until the first day of the seventh month beginning after the date of the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(h)) to avoid the imposition of the additional 20% tax under Section 409A of the Tax Code (and in the case of installment payments, the first payment shall include all installment payments required by this subsection that otherwise would have been made during such period); and

(ii) for a period of up to 18 months after such termination or the expiration of the period in which COBRA coverage must be provided, whichever is less, the Executive shall have the right to continue to participate (together with his dependents) in the Company’s group medical and dental plans to the extent permitted under COBRA, and the premium for such coverage shall be reimbursed on a monthly basis; provided, however , that the Company shall not be required to reimburse such premiums after such time as the Executive becomes entitled to participate in the health benefits program of another employer or recipient of the Executive’s services; and provided, further , that nothing in this clause (b)(ii) shall restrict the ability of the Company to generally amend or terminate the Company’s group medical and dental plans from time to time in its sole discretion; and

(iii) all of the Equity Compensation awarded to the Executive, to the extent not vested or to the extent subject to forfeiture restrictions as of the date of the termination of the Executive’s employment, shall immediately be deemed vested and any forfeiture restrictions shall immediately lapse (treating the performance criteria for the year of termination as fully satisfied), and any outstanding options to acquire shares of Company stock shall immediately be vested and shall be, as determined in the discretion of the Board, either (A) exercisable by the Executive or, in the case of the Executive’s death, by the beneficiaries of Executive’s estate, for one (1) year following the termination (or, if shorter, the balance of the regular term of the options), or (B) cashed out or cancelled, as if in accordance with a Change in Control event, pursuant to the terms set forth in Section 15.03 of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan as in effect on the Effective Date hereof.

Unless a later payment date is required under Code section 409A (as described above or pursuant to Section 7.20 of this Agreement), payments due under the Severance Package shall be paid to the Executive (or installment payments shall commence) on the fiftieth (50th) day following the date of the termination event. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights hereunder except for surviving provisions of this Agreement as provided in Section 7.15.

 

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6. Covenants of the Executive .

6.1 General Covenants of the Executive . The Executive acknowledges that (a) the principal business of the Company is the acquisition, rental and management of single-family residential properties (such business, and any and all other businesses that after the date hereof, and from time to time during the Term, become material with respect to the Company’s then-overall business, herein being collectively referred to as the “ Business ”) (for purposes of this Agreement, “ Single-family Residential REIT ” shall mean a company that invests in primarily single-family residential properties and that is qualified as a real estate investment trust for purposes of federal income taxation); (b) the Company knows of a limited number of persons who have developed the Business; (c) the Business is, in part, national in scope; (d) the Executive’s work for the Company and its subsidiaries has given and will continue to give the Executive access to the confidential affairs and proprietary information of the Company and to “trade secrets,” (as defined under the laws of the State of Arizona) of the Company and its subsidiaries; (e) the covenants and agreements of the Executive contained in this Section 6.1 are essential to the business and goodwill of the Company; and (f) the Company would not have entered into this Agreement but for the covenants and agreements set forth in this Section 6.1.

6.2 Covenant Against Competition . The covenant against competition herein described shall apply as follows:

(a) during the Term;

(b) for a period of one (1) year following a termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company under any of the conditions set forth in clauses (x), (y) or (z) of Section 5 of this Agreement;

(c) for a period of one-hundred eighty (180) days following a termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason; provided, however, that the Company shall have the option to extend the period for up to an additional one-hundred eighty (180) days if the Company pays the Executive his or her Annual Salary and a pro rated portion of his or her Annual Bonus at the then applicable Target Level as in effect on the date of termination during such extended period; and

(d) as to Section 6.2(bb) and (dd), at any time during and after the Executive’s employment with the Company and its subsidiaries (and the predecessors of either).

During the time periods for described hereinabove, the Executive covenants as follows:

(aa) The Executive shall not, directly or indirectly, own, manage, control or participate in the ownership, management, or control of, or be employed or engaged by or otherwise affiliated or associated as an employee, employer, consultant, agent, principal, partner, stockholder, corporate officer, director or in any other individual or representative capacity, engage or participate in any Single-family Residential REIT or other financial investment business which owns single-family residential properties as its primary business and that has assets in excess of Two Hundred Million and No/00 Dollars ($200,000,000), if such business is in competition in any manner whatsoever with the Business of the Company in any state or country or other jurisdiction in which the Company conducts its Business as of the date of termination; provided, however, that, notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the Executive may own

 

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or participate in the ownership of any entity which he owned or managed or participated in the ownership or management of prior to the Effective Date which ownership, management or participation has been disclosed to the Company; and (ii) the Executive may invest in securities of any entity, solely for investment purposes and without participating in the business thereof, if (A) such securities are traded on any national securities exchange or the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System or equivalent non-U.S. securities exchange, (B) the Executive is not a controlling person of, or a member of a group which controls, such entity and (C) the Executive does not, directly or indirectly, own one percent (1%) or more of any class of securities of such entity.

(bb) Except in connection with the business and affairs of the Company and its affiliates: the Executive shall keep secret and retain in strictest confidence, and shall not use for his benefit or the benefit of others, all confidential matters relating to the Business and the business of any of its affiliates and to the Company and any of its affiliates, learned by the Executive heretofore or hereafter directly or indirectly from the Company or any of its subsidiaries (or any predecessor of either) (the “ Confidential Company Information ”), including, without limitation, information with respect to the Business and any aspect thereof, profit or loss figures, and the Company’s or its affiliates’ (or any of their predecessors) properties, and shall not disclose such Confidential Company information to anyone outside of the Company except with the Company’s express written consent and except for Confidential Company Information which (i) at the time of receipt or thereafter becomes publicly known through no wrongful act of the Executive; (ii) is clearly obtainable in the public domain; (iii) was not acquired by the Executive in connection with the Executive’s employment or affiliation with the Company; (iv) was not acquired by the Executive from the Company or its representatives or from a third-party who has an agreement with the Company not to disclose such information; (v) was legally in the possession of or developed by the Executive prior to the Effective Date; or (vi) is required to be disclosed by rule of law or by order of a court or governmental body or agency. For purposes of this Agreement, “affiliate” means, with respect to the Company, any person, partnership, corporation or other entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company within the meaning of Rule 405 of Regulation C under the Securities Act of 1933, as now in effect or as hereafter amended.

(cc) The Executive shall not, without the Company’s prior written consent, directly or indirectly, (i) knowingly solicit or knowingly encourage to leave the employment or other service of the Company or any of its affiliates, any employee employed by the Company at the time of the termination thereof or knowingly hire (on behalf of the Executive or any other person or entity) any employee employed by the Company at the time of the termination who has left the employment or other service of the Company or any of its affiliates (or any predecessor of either) within one (1) year of the termination of such employee’s or independent contractor’s employment or other service with the Company and its affiliates; or (ii) whether for the Executive’s own account or for the account of any other person, firm, corporation or other business organization, intentionally interfere with the Company’s or any of its affiliates, relationship with, or endeavor to entice away from the Company or any of its affiliates, any person who during the Executive’s employment with the Company is or was a customer or client of the Company or any of its affiliates (or any predecessor of either). Notwithstanding the above, nothing shall prevent the Executive from soliciting loans, investment capital, or the provision of management services from third parties engaged in the Business if the activities of the Executive facilitated thereby do not otherwise adversely interfere with the operations of the Business.

(dd) All memoranda, notes, lists, records, property and any other tangible product and documents (and all copies thereof) made, produced or compiled by the Executive or made available to the Executive during the Term concerning the Business of the Company and its affiliates shall be the Company’s property and shall be delivered to the Company at any time on request. Notwithstanding the above, the Executive’s contacts and contact data base shall not be the Company’s property. Notwithstanding the above, software, methods and material developed by the Executive prior to the Term of the Agreement shall not be the Company’s property.

 

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6.3 Rights and Remedies upon Breach . The Executive acknowledges and agrees that any breach by him of any of the provisions of Sections 6.1 or 6.2 (the “ Restrictive Covenants ”) would result in irreparable injury and damage for which money damages would not provide an adequate remedy. Therefore, if the Executive breaches, or threatens to commit a breach of, any of the Restrictive Covenants, the Company and its affiliates shall have the right and remedy to have the Restrictive Covenants specifically enforced (without posting bond and without the need to prove damages) by any court having equity jurisdiction, including, without limitation, the right to an entry against the Executive of restraining orders and injunctions (preliminary, mandatory, temporary and permanent) against violations, threatened or actual, and whether or not then continuing, of such covenants. This right and remedy shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other rights and remedies available to the Company and its affiliates under law or in equity (including, without limitation, the recovery of damages). The existence of any claim or cause of action by the Executive, whether predicated on this Agreement or otherwise, shall not constitute a defense to the enforcement of the Restrictive Covenants. The Company has the right to cease making the payments provided as part of the Severance Package in the event of a material breach of any of the Restrictive Covenants that, if capable of cure and not willful, is not cured within thirty (30) days after receipt of notice thereof from the Company.

7. Other Provisions .

7.1 Severability . The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Executive has had an opportunity to seek advice of counsel in connection with this Agreement and that the Restrictive Covenants are reasonable in geographical and temporal scope and in all other respects. If it is determined that any of the provisions of this Agreement, including, without limitation, any of the Restrictive Covenants, or any part thereof, is invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of the provisions of this Agreement shall not thereby be affected and shall be given full effect, without regard to the invalid portions.

7.2 Duration and Scope of Covenants . If any court or other decision maker of competent jurisdiction determines that any of the Executive’s covenants contained in this Agreement, including, without limitation, any of the Restrictive Covenants, or any part thereof, are unenforceable because of the duration or geographical scope of such provision, then, after such determination has become final and unappealable, the duration or scope of such provision, as the case may be, shall be reduced so that such provision becomes enforceable and, in its reduced form, such provision shall then be enforceable and shall be enforced.

 

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7.3 Enforceability of Restrictive Covenants; Jurisdictions . The Company and the Executive intend to and hereby consent to jurisdiction to enforce the Restrictive Covenants upon the courts of any jurisdiction within the geographical scope of the Restrictive Covenants. If the courts of any one or more of such jurisdictions hold the Restrictive Covenants wholly unenforceable by reason of breadth of scope or otherwise it is the intention of the Company and the Executive that such determination not bar or in any way affect the Company’s right, or the right of any of its affiliates, to the relief provided above in the courts of any other jurisdiction within the geographical scope of such Restrictive Covenants, as to breaches of such Restrictive Covenants in such other respective jurisdictions, such Restrictive Covenants as they relate to each jurisdiction’s being, for this purpose, severable, diverse and independent covenants, subject, where appropriate, to the doctrine of res judicata .

7.4 Arbitration . Except with respect to any claims or disputes arising from or relating to the Restrictive Covenants or arising after a Change in Control, any disputes arising under or in connection with this Agreement shall be resolved by binding arbitration, to be held in Phoenix, Arizona in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules, as amended from time to time, of the American Arbitration Association (the “ AAA ”). The Company and the Executive will each select an arbitrator, and a third arbitrator will be selected jointly by the arbitrators selected by the Company and the Executive within 15 days after demand for arbitration is made by a Party. If the arbitrators selected by the Company and the Executive are unable to agree on a third arbitrator within that period, then either the Company or the Executive may request that the AAA select the third arbitrator. The arbitrators will possess substantive legal experience in the principle issues in dispute and will be independent of the Company and the Executive. To the extent permitted by applicable law and not prohibited by the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the Company will pay all expenses (including the reasonable expenses of the Executive, including his reasonable legal fees, if the Executive is the prevailing party in such arbitration) incurred in connection with arbitration and the fees and expenses of the arbitrators and will advance such expenses from time to time as required. Except as may otherwise be agreed in writing by the parties or as ordered by the arbitrators upon substantial justification shown, the hearing for the dispute will be held within 60 days of submission of the dispute to arbitration. The arbitrators will render their final award within 30 days following conclusion of the hearing and any required post-hearing briefing or other proceedings ordered by the arbitrators. The arbitrators will state the factual and legal basis for the award. The decision of the arbitrators will be final and binding and not subject to judicial review and final judgment may be entered upon such an award in any court of competent jurisdiction, but entry of such judgment will not be required to make such award effective.

7.5 Attorneys’ Fees . If litigation after a Change in Control shall be brought to enforce or interpret any provision contained herein, the Company, to the extent permitted by applicable law and not prohibited by the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, shall indemnify the Executive for the Executive’s reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements incurred in such litigation if the Executive is the prevailing party in such litigation.

 

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7.6 Notices . Any notice, consent or other communication required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be delivered personally, telegraphed, telexed, sent by facsimile transmission or sent by certified, registered or express mail, postage prepaid. Any such notice, consent or other communication shall be deemed given when so delivered personally, delivered by overnight courier, telexed or sent by facsimile transmission or, if mailed, five days after the date of deposit in the United States mails as follows:

 

(a)    If to the Company, to:
   American Residential Properties, Inc.
   7033 E Greenway Parkway Suite 210
   Scottsdale, AZ 85254
   Attention: Stephen G. Schmitz, CEO
   Fax: 480.264.2943 | Cell 480.266.9590
   Email:  steve.schmitz@americanresidentialproperties.com
   with copies, in the case of notice, to:
   Hunton & Williams LLP
   Riverfront Plaza, East Tower
   951 East Byrd Street
   Richmond, Virginia 23219
   Attention: Daniel M. LeBey, Esq.
   Fax: (804) 788-8218
   Email: dlebey@hunton.com
(b)    If to the Executive, to:
   Mr. Andrew G. Kent
  

 

  
  

 

  
   Fax:   

 

  
   Email:   

 

  
   with a copy in either case to:
  

 

  
  

 

  
  

 

  
   Fax:   

 

  
   Email:   

 

  

Any such person may by notice given in accordance with this Section to the other parties hereto designate another address or person for receipt by such person of notices hereunder.

7.7 Entire Agreement . This Agreement contains the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, written or oral, with the Company or its subsidiaries (or any predecessor of either).

7.8 Waivers and Amendments . This Agreement may be amended, superseded, canceled, renewed or extended, and the terms hereof may be waived, only by a written instrument signed by the parties or, in the case of a waiver, by the party waiving

 

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compliance. No delay on the part of any party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any waiver on the part of any party of any such right, power or privilege nor any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other such right, power or privilege.

7.9 GOVERNING LAW . THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED EXCLUSIVELY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF ARIZONA WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW. Subject to the parties’ obligations under Section 7.4, the Executive and the Company each hereby expressly consents to the exclusive venue and jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in Phoenix, Arizona, for any lawsuit arising from or relating to this Agreement.

7.10 Assignment . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the executors, administrators, heirs, successors and assigns of the parties; provided, however, that except as herein expressly provided, this Agreement shall not be assignable either by the Company (except to an affiliate of the Company, in which event the Company shall remain liable if the affiliate fails to meet any of the Company’s obligations hereunder, including without limitation to provide the employment opportunities offered hereby and to make payments or provide benefits or otherwise) or by the Executive. In the event that the Executive consents to the assignment of this Agreement to a successor in interest of the Company upon a Change in Control, such consent shall not be deemed to waive or diminish the Executive’s rights under Section 3.8.

7.11 Withholding . The Company shall be entitled to withhold from any payments or deemed payments any amount of withholding required by law. In the event that the Company determines that any federal, state, local or foreign tax or withholding payment is required relating to the vesting in or delivery of any Equity Compensation, the Company shall have the right to require such payments from the Executive or withhold such amounts from other payments due to the Executive from the Company or any affiliate, or to withhold such Equity Compensation that would otherwise have been issued to the Executive. The Executive shall have the right to recommend the manner in which such payments shall be made or withheld. No other taxes, fees, impositions, duties or other charges or offsets of any kind shall be deducted or withheld from amounts payable hereunder, unless otherwise required by law.

7.12 No Duty to Mitigate . The Executive shall not be required to mitigate damages or the amount of any payment provided for under this Agreement by seeking other employment or otherwise, nor will any payments hereunder be subject to offset in the event the Executive does mitigate.

7.13 Binding Effect . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors, permitted assigns, heirs, executors and legal representatives.

7.14 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original but all such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Each counterpart may consist of two copies hereof each signed by one of the parties hereto.

 

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7.15 Survival . The rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement, which by their nature would continue beyond the termination or expiration of this Agreement, shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement. The Company’s obligations hereunder shall not be terminated by reason of any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy, cessation of business, or similar event relating to the Company. This Agreement shall not be terminated by any merger or consolidation or other reorganization of the Company. In the event any such merger, consolidation or reorganization shall be accomplished by transfer of stock or by transfer of assets or otherwise, the provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the surviving or resulting corporation or person.

7.16 Existing Agreements . Executive represents to the Company that the Executive is not subject or a party to any employment or consulting agreement, non-competition covenant or other agreement, covenant or understanding which might prohibit the Executive from executing this Agreement or limit the Executive’s ability to fulfill the Executive’s responsibilities hereunder.

7.17 Headings . The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.

7.18 Parachute Provisions . If any amount payable to, or other benefit receivable by the Executive pursuant to this Agreement (taking into account payments and benefits under other agreements, plans and agreements) is deemed to constitute a “parachute payment” as defined in Section 280G of the Tax Code, then such payment or benefit shall be reduced in accordance with, and to the extent required by, the provisions of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

7.19 Indemnification; Directors and Officer’s Insurance . The Executive shall be entitled to indemnification in all instances in which the Executive is acting within the scope of his authority to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and not prohibited by the Company’s charter and bylaws, from and against any damages or liabilities, including reasonable attorney’s fees; provided, however, that the Executive shall not be entitled to indemnification for damages or liabilities which result from or arise out of the Executive’s willful misconduct or gross negligence. During the Term, the Company will maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in a coverage amount of not less than Ten Million and No/00 Dollars ($10,000,000).

7.20 409A . This Agreement and the amounts payable and other benefits hereunder are intended to comply with, or otherwise be exempt from, Section 409A of the Tax Code. This Agreement shall be administered, interpreted and construed in a manner consistent with Section 409A. If any provision of this Agreement is found not to comply with, or otherwise not to be exempt from, the provisions of Section 409A, it shall be modified and given effect, in the sole discretion of the Board or Compensation Committee thereof and without requiring the Executive’s consent, in such manner as the Board or Compensation Committee determines to be necessary or appropriate to comply with, or to effectuate an exemption from, Section 409A. Each payment under this Agreement shall be treated as a separate identified payment for

 

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purposes of Section 409A. The preceding provisions shall not constitute or be construed as a guarantee, representation or warranty by the Company of any particular favorable tax effect or result to the Executive of the payments and other benefits under this Agreement.

With respect to any reimbursement of expenses of, or any provision of in-kind benefits to, the Executive, as specified under this Agreement, such reimbursement of expenses or provision of in-kind benefits shall be subject to the following conditions: (a) the expenses eligible for reimbursement or the amount of in-kind benefits provided in one taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement or the amount of in-kind benefits provided in any other taxable year, except for any medical reimbursement arrangement providing for the reimbursement of expenses referred to in Section 105(b) of the Tax Code; (b) the reimbursement of an eligible expense shall be made no later than the end of the year after the year in which such expense was incurred; and (c) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

If a payment obligation under this Agreement arises on account of the Executive’s termination of employment and if such payment is subject to Section 409A, the payment shall be paid only in connection with the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined in Treas. Reg. Section 1.409A-1(h)). If a payment obligation under this Agreement arises on account of the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined under Treas. Reg. Section 1.409A-1(h)) while the Executive is a “specified employee” (as defined under Treas. Reg. Section 1.409A-1(h)), any payment of “deferred compensation” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(1), after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b)(12)) that is scheduled to be paid within six months after such separation from service shall accrue without interest and shall be paid on the first day of the seventh month beginning after the date of the Executive’s separation from service or, if earlier, within 15 days after the appointment of the personal representative or executor of the Executive’s estate following his death.

[Signature page follows.]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have signed their names to this Employment Agreement as of the day and year set forth below.

 

    COMPANY:
   

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.,

a Maryland corporation:

Date: April 19, 2013     By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

    Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
    Title:   Chief Executive Officer
    EXECUTIVE:
    ANDREW G. KENT
Date: April 19, 2013    

/s/ Andrew G. Kent

    Signature


ATTACHMENT “A”

to

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

ANDREW G. KENT

General Release of Claims

Consistent with Section 5 of the Employment Agreement dated April 19, 2013, effective as of January 1, 2013, between AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC. (the “Company”) and me (the “ Employment Agreement ”) and in consideration for and contingent upon my receipt of the Severance Package set forth in Sections 5(b) of the Employment Agreement, I, for myself, my attorneys, heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, do hereby fully and forever release and discharge the Company and its affiliated entities (as defined in the Employment Agreement), as well as their predecessors, successors, assigns, and their current or former directors, officers, partners, agents, employees, attorneys, and administrators from all suits, causes of action, and/or claims, demands or entitlements of any nature whatsoever, whether known, unknown, or unforeseen, which I have or may have against any of them arising out of or in connection with my employment by the Company, the Employment Agreement, the termination of my employment with the Company, or any event, transaction, or matter occurring or existing on or before the date of my signing of this General Release, except that I am not releasing any (a) right to indemnification that I may otherwise have, (b) right to Annual Salary and benefits under applicable benefit plans that are earned and accrued but unpaid as of the date of my signing this General Release, (c) right to reimbursement for business expenses incurred and not reimbursed as of the date of my signing this General Release, (d) right to any bonus payment(s) or other compensation due under the Employment Agreement, the Bonus Plan, any Company Incentive Plan that is earned and accrued for the most recent completed calendar year for which a bonus payment has not then been paid as of the date of my signing this General Release, or (e) claims arising after the date of my signing this General Release. I agree not to file or otherwise institute any claim, demand or lawsuit seeking damages or other relief and not to otherwise assert any claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I further hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive any and all rights to recover any relief or damages concerning the claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I represent and warrant that I have not previously filed or joined in any such claims, demands or entitlements against the Company or the other persons released herein and that I will indemnify and hold them harmless from all liabilities, claims, demands, costs, expenses and/or attorneys’ fees incurred as a result of any such claims, demands or lawsuits.

Except as otherwise expressly provided above, this General Release specifically includes, but is not limited to, all claims of breach of contract, employment discrimination (including any claims coming within the scope of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, and any comparable Arizona law, all as amended, or any other applicable federal, state, or local law), claims under the Employee

 

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Retirement Income Security Act, as amended, claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended (or any other applicable federal, state or local statute relating to payment of wages), claims concerning recruitment, hiring, termination, salary rate, severance pay, stock options, wages or benefits due, sick leave, holiday pay, vacation pay, life insurance, group medical insurance, any other fringe benefits, worker’s compensation, termination, employment status, libel, slander, defamation, intentional or negligent misrepresentation and/or infliction of emotional distress, together with any and all tort, contract, or other claims which might have been asserted by me or on my behalf in any suit, charge of discrimination, or claim against the Company or the persons released herein.

I acknowledge that I have been given an opportunity of twenty-one (21) days to consider this General Release and that I have been encouraged by the Company to discuss fully the terms of this General Release with legal counsel of my own choosing. Moreover, for a period of seven (7) days following my execution of this General Release, I shall have the right to revoke the waiver of claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, a federal statute that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees who are age 40 or over. If I elect to revoke this General Release within this seven-day period, I must inform the Company by delivering a written notice of revocation to the Company’s Director of Human Resources,                     , no later than 11:59 p.m. on the seventh calendar day after I sign this General Release. I understand that, if I elect to exercise this revocation right, this General Release shall be voided in its entirety and the Company shall be relieved of all obligations to make the portion of the Severance Package described in Section 5(b) of the Employment Agreement. I may, if I wish, elect to sign this General Release prior to the expiration of the 21-day consideration period, and I agree that if I elect to do so, my election is made freely and voluntarily and after having an opportunity to consult counsel.

 

AGREED:    
[Form of Agreement Only - Do Not Execute]    

 

   

 

 

    Date

 

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Exhibit 10.6

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

(LANI B PORTER)

THIS EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT (the “ Agreement ”) is entered into by and between AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC., a Maryland corporation (hereinafter referred to as the “ Company ”), and LANI B PORTER (hereinafter referred to as the “ Executive ”) and is effective as of the Effective Date defined in Section 1 below.

WHEREAS, the Company has hired the Executive to serve in the capacity as the Company’s Senior Vice President and the Company and the Executive now wish to enter into this Agreement setting forth the terms and conditions of the Executive’s employment by the Company. This Agreement shall be the only agreement between the Company and the Executive regarding the terms and conditions of the Executive’s employment by the Company.

Accordingly, the parties hereto agree as follows:

1. Term . The Company hereby employs the Executive and the Executive hereby accepts such employment on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement commencing as of January 1, 2013 (the “ Effective Date ”). The term of this Agreement shall end on December 31, 2015, unless sooner terminated in accordance with the provisions of Section 4 (the period during which the Executive is employed hereunder being hereinafter referred to as the “ Term ”). The Term shall be subject to automatic one (1) year renewals unless notice of non-renewal is provided between the parties in accordance with the notice provisions of Section 7.6, at least ninety (90) days prior to the end of any such Term (a “ Non-Renewal ”).

2. Duties . The Executive, in the Executive’s capacity as Senior Vice President, Operations of the Company, shall faithfully perform for the Company the duties of said office and shall perform such other duties of an executive, managerial or administrative nature as shall be specified and designated from time to time by the Chief Executive Officer of the Company (the “ Chief Executive Officer ”), the President of the Company, the Chief Financial Officer of the Company or the Board of Directors of the Company (the “ Board ”). Such duties may include, without limitation, the performance of services for, and serving as an officer or director of, any subsidiary of the Company without any additional compensation. The Executive shall devote substantially all of the Executive’s business time and effort to the performance of the Executive’s duties hereunder. Provided that the following activities do not interfere with the Executive’s duties to the Company and provided that the following activities do not violate the Executive’s covenant against competition as described at Section 6.2 hereof, during the Term the Executive may perform personal, charitable and other business activities, including, without limitation, serving as a member of one or more boards of directors of charitable or other professional organizations, and may serve on the boards of directors of other business organizations that are not engaged in any aspect of the residential real estate industry, provided, however , that service on the boards of directors of other business organizations shall require the consent of the Board.

 

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3. Compensation .

3.1 Salary . The Company shall pay the Executive during the Term a salary at the rate of Two Hundred Twenty Five Thousand and No/00 Dollars ($225,000) per annum (the “ Annual Salary ”), in accordance with the customary payroll practices of the Company applicable to senior executives generally. The Annual Salary may be increased from time to time by an amount and on such conditions as may be approved by the Board or the Compensation Committee of the Board (the “ Compensation Committee ”), and upon such increase, the increased amount shall thereafter be deemed to be the Annual Salary. Annual Salary will be paid in monthly or semi-monthly installments as determined by the Board, and no Annual Salary will be paid later than 75 days after the conclusion of any calendar year in which such Annual Salary is deemed earned and payable to the Executive.

3.2 Cash and Equity Bonus Compensation; Initial Awards .

(a) Annual Bonus and Other Discretionary Awards . The Executive will be eligible to receive annual cash bonuses (each an “ Annual Bonus ”) upon approval by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. The Compensation Committee shall approve a target level (the “ Target Level ”) each year for the Annual Bonus within 60 days after the beginning of the applicable year. The initial Target Level will be equal to 60% of the Annual Salary, subject to approval by the Compensation Committee in its discretion. Each Annual Bonus will be paid within 60 days after the end of the fiscal year to which such Annual Bonus relates. Additionally, the Executive will be eligible to participate in the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended (the “ 2012 Equity Incentive Plan ”) and any subsequent equity incentive plan approved by the Board (each and any of the foregoing is a “ Company Incentive Plan ”) for equity bonus compensation (any equity compensation granted to the Executive by the Company, whether under this Agreement, a Company Incentive Plan or otherwise approved by the Board, and whether in the form of restricted stock, stock options, long-term incentive plan units, stock appreciation rights or other equity or equity-linked awards, is, collectively, “ Equity Compensation ”). The terms of any Annual Bonus, any other bonus or Equity Compensation will be established by the Compensation Committee.

(b) Initial Equity Grant . On November 7, 2012, the Company granted the Executive 11,500 LTIP Units under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan with a grant date of November 7, 2012. These LTIP Units will be subject to forfeiture restrictions that will lapse in equal 1/3 installments on each of the first three anniversaries of the date of grant; namely, on November 7, 2013, November 7, 2014 and November 7, 2015.

(c) IPO Equity Grant . Upon completion of an initial public offering of the Company’s common stock (an “ IPO ”), the Company will grant the Executive a number of LTIP Units under the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan equal to that number of LTIP Units having an aggregate market value of $550,000 based on the public offering price of the Company’s common stock in the IPO. These LTIP Units will be subject to forfeiture restrictions that will lapse in equal 1/5 installments on each of the first five anniversaries of the date of grant, subject to the Executive’s continued employment and accelerated vesting as provided in Sections 4.1(c)(ii) and 5(b)(iii) of this Agreement to the extent the conditions for such accelerated vesting set forth in Section 4 or Section 5, as applicable, are satisfied.

 

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3.3 Benefits - In General . The Executive shall be permitted during the Term to participate in any group life, hospitalization or disability insurance plan, health program, pension and profit sharing plan, 401(k) plan, relocation program and similar benefits that may be available to other senior executives of the Company generally, on the same terms as may be applicable to such other executives (except as otherwise provided in this Section 3), in each case to the extent that the Executive is eligible under the terms of such plans or programs.

3.4 Paid Time Off . The Executive shall be entitled to no fewer than twenty (20) days of paid time off per year, plus Company-scheduled holidays. Any unused days of paid time off will be forfeited at the end of the year.

3.5 Disability Benefits and Life Insurance . To the extent the Company’s group life and disability insurance plans do not provide this level of benefits, the Executive shall be entitled to additional benefits so that his long-term disability coverage provides benefits (to continue for such period as is provided in the applicable disability plan or program, as amended from time to time, and with waiting periods and pre-existing condition exceptions waived to the extent such coverage is available on commercially reasonable terms) equal to seventy-five percent (75%) of his Annual Salary in the case of a covered disability, and life insurance coverage with a face amount equal to $1,000,000. Premiums on all primary or supplemental disability insurance policies and group life insurance provided by the Company under this Agreement shall be paid by the Company, provided that the value of such premiums shall be taxed as income to the Executive.

3.6 Expenses . The Company shall pay or reimburse the Executive for all ordinary and reasonable out-of-pocket expenses actually incurred and, in the case of reimbursement, actually paid by the Executive during the Term in connection with the performance of the Executive’s services under this Agreement, provided that the Executive shall submit such expenses in accordance with the policies applicable to senior executives of the Company generally.

3.7 Earned and Accrued Bonus . For purposes of this Agreement, with respect to “ Earned and Accrued Bonus ” payments to be made to the Executive in connection with the termination of his employment, Annual Bonus payments and other cash bonus payments and Equity Compensation awards shall be deemed to be “ earned and accrued ” (a) if the Executive is employed with the Company as of the date of the last day of the period for which a bonus payment shall be made or for which Equity Compensation is vested, if the Executive is employed with the Company as of the date such vested award or vesting is scheduled to occur; and (b) to the extent that the criteria or performance goals for determining the amount of such payment or award are objective and measurable criteria, and such objective and measurable criteria have been satisfied or achieved. Earned and Accrued Bonus specifically includes, without limitation, any bonus payments payable to Executive under any approved bonus plan or arrangement and any Equity Compensation that is awarded and vested. A pro rated portion of any Annual Bonus for the year in which termination occurs based on the Target Level for the year in which the termination occurs and the portion of the year that has elapsed as of the date of termination shall be deemed to be “earned and accrued” in the event of any termination of the Executive’s employment, other than termination by the Company for “Cause” (as defined below) or resignation by the Executive without “Good Reason” (as defined below).

 

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3.8 Acceleration of Rights upon Change in Control . Upon the occurrence of a “ Change in Control ” (as such term is defined in the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended and in effect as of the Effective Date hereof), all Equity Compensation awarded to the Executive under this Agreement, to the extent not vested as of the date of the Change in Control or to the extent that any such award is subject to forfeiture restrictions as of the date of the Change in Control, shall, immediately prior to the effectiveness of the Change in Control, be deemed vested and all forfeiture restrictions shall lapse (treating any applicable performance criteria as fully satisfied). Notwithstanding the foregoing, to the extent necessary for the Executive to avoid taxes and/or penalties under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Tax Code ”), a Change in Control shall not be deemed to occur unless it constitutes a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 1.409A-3(i)(5) of the Treasury Regulations promulgated under Section 409A of the Tax Code.

4. Termination of Employment . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment with or without Cause (as defined herein below). The Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment with the Company for Good Reason (as defined herein below) or without Good Reason. The Company or the Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment upon the Executive’s disability as provided in Section 4.1, or by Non-Renewal. The survival provisions of this Agreement described at Section 7.15 contemplate without limitation that, upon the termination of his employment, the Executive shall be subject to the provisions of the Covenant Against Competition set forth in Section 6.2.

4.1 Termination upon the Executive’s Death or Disability .

(a) If the Executive dies during the Term, the obligations of the Company to or with respect to the Executive shall terminate in their entirety except as otherwise provided in this Section 4.1 and except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

(b) If the Executive becomes eligible for disability benefits under the Company’s long-term disability plans and arrangements (or, if none applies, would have been so eligible under a competitive plan as reasonably determined by the Compensation Committee), the Company or the Executive shall have the right, to the extent permitted by law, to terminate the employment of the Executive upon at least ninety (90) days’ prior written notice to the other party, provided that the Company shall not have the right to terminate the Executive’s employment in accordance with this Section 4.1(b) if, (i) in the opinion of a qualified physician reasonably acceptable to both parties, it is reasonably certain that the Executive will be able to resume his or her duties on a regular full-time basis within one hundred eighty (180) days of the date that the notice of such termination is delivered, and (ii) upon the expiration of such one hundred eighty (180) day period, the Executive has resumed his or her duties on a regular full-time basis.

(c) Upon the Executive’s death or the termination of the Executive’s employment by virtue of disability, all of the following shall apply:

(i) the Executive, or the Executive’s estate or beneficiaries in the case of the death of the Executive, shall have no right to receive any compensation or benefit

 

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hereunder on and after the effective date of the termination of employment, except that the Company shall reimburse, on a monthly basis, Executive’s COBRA premium under the Company’s major medical group health and dental plan (including the costs of the Executive’s premium required to maintain coverage for his dependents) for a period of 18 months after such termination or the expiration of the period in which COBRA coverage must be provided, whichever is less. The Executive, or the Executive’s estate or beneficiaries in the case of the death of the Executive, shall be entitled to receive the Executive’s Annual Salary and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement prior to the date of such termination, the Executive’s Earned and Accrued Bonuses, vesting of or lapsing of any forfeiture restrictions on any Equity Compensation as provided in clause (ii) below, reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of such termination; provided, that if the Executive is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Tax Code, any payments of “deferred compensation” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(1), after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b)(12)), shall not commence until the first day of the seventh month beginning after the date of the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(h), or, if earlier, within 15 days after the appointment of the personal representative or executor of the Executive’s estate following his or her death if a delay in payment is required, to avoid the imposition of the additional 20% tax under Section 409A of the Tax Code (and in the case of installment payments, the first payment shall include all installment payments required by this subsection that otherwise would have been made during such period). If no deferral is required pursuant to the preceding sentence, the payment will be made within five (5) business days after the Date of Termination;

(ii) all of the Equity Compensation previously awarded to the Executive, to the extent not vested or to the extent subject to forfeiture restrictions, as of the date of the termination of the Executive’s employment, shall immediately be deemed vested and all forfeiture restrictions shall immediately lapse (treating any applicable performance criteria as fully satisfied), and any outstanding options to acquire shares of Company stock shall immediately be vested and shall be, as determined in the discretion of the Board, either (A) exercisable by the Executive or, in the case of the Executive’s death, by the beneficiaries of Executive’s estate, for one (1) year following the termination (or, if shorter, the balance of the regular term of the options), or (B) cashed out or cancelled, as if in accordance with a Change in Control event, pursuant to the terms set forth in Section 15.03 of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan as in effect on the Effective Date hereof; and

(iii) this Agreement shall otherwise terminate and there shall be no further rights with respect to the Executive hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as provided in Section 7.15. The payments to be made in this Section 4.1(c) shall be in addition to, rather than in lieu of, the entitlement of Executive or his estate to any other insurance or benefit proceeds as a result of his death or disability.

4.2 Termination by the Company for Cause . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment at any time for “ Cause ” if any of the following have occurred:

(a) the Executive’s conviction for (or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to) any felony, or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude;

 

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(b) the Executive’s indictment for any felony or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, if such indictment is not discharged or otherwise resolved within eighteen (18) months;

(c) the Executive’s commission of an act of fraud, theft, dishonesty or breach of fiduciary duty related to the Company, its Business (as defined in Section 6.1) or the performance of the Executive’s duties hereunder;

(d) the continuing failure or habitual neglect by the Executive to perform the Executive’s duties hereunder, except that, if such failure or neglect is curable, the Executive shall have thirty (30) days from his receipt of a notice of such failure or neglect to cure such condition and, if the Executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board (such cure opportunity being available only once), then such failure or neglect shall not constitute Cause hereunder;

(e) any violation by the Executive of the Restrictive Covenants set forth in Section 6 except that, if such violation is not willful and is curable, the Executive shall first have thirty (30) days from his receipt of notice of such violation to cure such condition and, if the Executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board, such violation shall not constitute Cause hereunder; or

(f) the Executive’s material breach of this Agreement, except that, if such breach is curable, the Executive shall first have thirty (30) days from his receipt of such notice of such breach to cure such breach and, if the Executive does so to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board, such breach shall not constitute Cause hereunder.

If the Company terminates the Executive’s employment for Cause, the Executive shall have no right to receive any compensation or benefit hereunder on and after the effective date of the termination of employment, except that the Executive shall be entitled to receive the Executive’s Annual Salary, and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement prior to the date of termination, any Earned and Accrued Bonus, and reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination, provided, however, that if the Company terminates the Executive’s employment for Cause specifically pursuant to Section 4.2(a), (b), or (c) above, then no Earned and Accrued Bonus shall be payable hereunder. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

4.3 Termination by the Company without Cause . The Company may terminate the Executive’s employment at any time without Cause upon sixty (60) days prior written notice to the Executive. If the Company terminates the Executive’s employment without the occurrence of any of the events constituting Cause and the termination is not due to the Executive’s death or disability or is not a Non-Renewal, then the termination by the Company is without Cause. If the Company terminates the Executive’s employment without Cause, then the Severance Package provisions of Section 5 shall apply, and this Agreement shall otherwise terminate and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

 

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4.4 Termination of Employment by the Executive for Good Reason . Subject to the notice and cure provisions set forth below, the Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment with the Company for Good Reason and receive the Severance Package provisions of Section 5 if any of the following have occurred without the Executive’s written consent (“ Good Reason ”):

(a) any material diminution in the Executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities (including without limitation the assignment of duties inconsistent with his position, or a significant adverse alteration of the nature or status of his responsibilities, or a significant adverse alteration of the conditions of his employment);

(b) after there has occurred a Change in Control, any of the following has occurred: (i) a duplication with other Company personnel of the Executive’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities; (ii) a significant reduction in the budget over which the Executive retains authority; (iii) or a duplication with other Company personnel of the title, authority, duties, or responsibilities of the supervisor to whom the Executive is required to report;

(c) any material reduction of the Executive’s Annual Salary;

(d) the Company’s material breach of this Agreement; or

(e) a determination by the Company to relocate its corporate headquarters to a new location that is more than fifty (50) miles from the current address of the Company’s corporate headquarters in Scottsdale, Arizona.

Notwithstanding the forgoing, the Executive shall not be deemed to have terminated this Agreement for Good Reason unless: (y) the Executive terminates this Agreement no later than six (6) months following the initial existence of the above referenced event or condition which is the basis for such termination (it being understood that each instance of any such event shall constitute a separate basis for such termination and a separate event or condition occurring on the date of such instance for purposes of calculating the six- (6)-month period); and (z) the Executive provides to the Company a written notice of the existence of the above referenced event or condition which is the basis for the termination within sixty (60) days following the initial existence of such event or condition, and the Company fails to remedy such event or condition within 30 days following the receipt of such notice. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

4.5 Termination of Employment by the Executive without Good Reason . The Executive may terminate the Executive’s employment with the Company at any time without Good Reason. If the Executive terminates his employment without the occurrence of any of the events constituting “ Good Reason ” and the termination is not due to the Executive’s death or disability, then the termination by the Executive is without Good Reason. If the Executive terminates the Executive’s employment with the Company without Good Reason, the Executive shall have no right to receive any compensation or benefit hereunder on and after the effective date of the termination of employment, except that the Executive shall be entitled to

 

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receive the Executive’s Annual Salary, and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement or under applicable Company benefit plans prior to the date of termination and reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

4.6 Termination upon Company Non-Renewal of Agreement . If the Company provides notice of Non-Renewal in accordance with the provisions of Section 1 and Section 7.6 hereof and the Executive resigns within ninety (90) days after receipt of the notice of Non-Renewal, the applicable Severance Package provisions of Section 5 shall apply. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon the termination of the Executive’s employment, and the Executive shall have no further rights or obligations hereunder except for the surviving provisions of this Agreement as described at Section 7.15.

5. Severance Package for Certain Terminations of Employment . The Executive shall be entitled to certain rights and shall be bound by certain obligations as described in this Section 5 (the “ Severance Package ”) if the Executive’s employment terminates under any of the following conditions: (x) if the Executive resigns within ninety (90) days following receipt of a Non-Renewal by the Company; (y) if the Company terminates the Executive’s employment without Cause, or (z) if the Executive terminates the Executive’s employment for Good Reason. For purposes of this Agreement, the “ Severance Package ” shall consist of all of the following rights and obligations:

(a) The Executive shall be entitled to receive the Executive’s Annual Salary, and other benefits that are earned and accrued under this Agreement and under applicable Company benefit plans prior to the date of termination, any Earned and Accrued Bonus, and reimbursement under this Agreement for expenses incurred prior to the date of termination;

(b) If the Executive signs the general release of claims in favor of the Company in the form set forth in Attachment “A” and the general release becomes irrevocably effective not later than forty-five (45) days after the date of the termination event, the Executive shall also be entitled to all of the following:

(i) a cash payment equal to one (1) times the sum of the Executive’s Annual Salary (as in effect on the effective date of such termination excluding any reduction not permitted by this Agreement), plus the greater of (A) the Annual Bonus compensation most recently earned by the Executive for a full year, whether paid or unpaid, and (B) the average Annual Bonus (with any partial years annualized) actually paid for the last three fiscal years (“ Average Annual Bonus ”), payable in equal installments over the period that corresponds to the period during which the covenants provided in Section 6.2 hereof are to be applicable in accordance with the Company’s usual and customary salary payroll practices. If, at the time of a termination to which this sub-subparagraph b(i) applies, at least three full fiscal years have not occurred, then to the extent necessary to calculate the Average Annual Bonus for the last three years as set forth above, the initial Target Level shall be used for the missing years). If the Executive resigns within ninety (90) days following receipt of notice of Non-Renewal by the Company, such payments shall equal one (1) times the sum of (AA) the

 

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Executive’s Annual Salary (as in effect on the effective date of such termination excluding any reduction not permitted by this Agreement) plus (BB) the Executive’s Average Annual Bonus compensation, which together shall be payable in equal installments over a twelve (12) month period in accordance with the Company’s usual and customary salary payroll practices (and made payable to the Executive’s estate in the event that the Executive dies prior to the expiration of such period). Notwithstanding the foregoing, if the Executive is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Tax Code, any payments of “deferred compensation” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(1), after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b)(12)), shall not commence until the first day of the seventh month beginning after the date of the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(h)) to avoid the imposition of the additional 20% tax under Section 409A of the Tax Code (and in the case of installment payments, the first payment shall include all installment payments required by this subsection that otherwise would have been made during such period); and

(ii) for a period of up to 18 months after such termination or the expiration of the period in which COBRA coverage must be provided, whichever is less, the Executive shall have the right to continue to participate (together with his dependents) in the Company’s group medical and dental plans to the extent permitted under COBRA, and the premium for such coverage shall be reimbursed on a monthly basis; provided, however , that the Company shall not be required to reimburse such premiums after such time as the Executive becomes entitled to participate in the health benefits program of another employer or recipient of the Executive’s services; and provided, further , that nothing in this clause (b)(ii) shall restrict the ability of the Company to generally amend or terminate the Company’s group medical and dental plans from time to time in its sole discretion; and

(iii) all of the Equity Compensation awarded to the Executive, to the extent not vested or to the extent subject to forfeiture restrictions as of the date of the termination of the Executive’s employment, shall immediately be deemed vested and any forfeiture restrictions shall immediately lapse (treating the performance criteria for the year of termination as fully satisfied), and any outstanding options to acquire shares of Company stock shall immediately be vested and shall be, as determined in the discretion of the Board, either (A) exercisable by the Executive or, in the case of the Executive’s death, by the beneficiaries of Executive’s estate, for one (1) year following the termination (or, if shorter, the balance of the regular term of the options), or (B) cashed out or cancelled, as if in accordance with a Change in Control event, pursuant to the terms set forth in Section 15.03 of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan as in effect on the Effective Date hereof.

Unless a later payment date is required under Code section 409A (as described above or pursuant to Section 7.20 of this Agreement), payments due under the Severance Package shall be paid to the Executive (or installment payments shall commence) on the fiftieth (50th) day following the date of the termination event. This Agreement shall otherwise terminate upon such termination of employment and the Executive shall have no further rights hereunder except for surviving provisions of this Agreement as provided in Section 7.15.

 

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6. Covenants of the Executive .

6.1 General Covenants of the Executive . The Executive acknowledges that (a) the principal business of the Company is the acquisition, rental and management of single-family residential properties (such business, and any and all other businesses that after the date hereof, and from time to time during the Term, become material with respect to the Company’s then-overall business, herein being collectively referred to as the “ Business ”) (for purposes of this Agreement, “ Single-family Residential REIT ” shall mean a company that invests in primarily single-family residential properties and that is qualified as a real estate investment trust for purposes of federal income taxation); (b) the Company knows of a limited number of persons who have developed the Business; (c) the Business is, in part, national in scope; (d) the Executive’s work for the Company and its subsidiaries has given and will continue to give the Executive access to the confidential affairs and proprietary information of the Company and to “trade secrets,” (as defined under the laws of the State of Arizona) of the Company and its subsidiaries; (e) the covenants and agreements of the Executive contained in this Section 6.1 are essential to the business and goodwill of the Company; and (f) the Company would not have entered into this Agreement but for the covenants and agreements set forth in this Section 6.1.

6.2 Covenant Against Competition . The covenant against competition herein described shall apply as follows:

(a) during the Term;

(b) for a period of one (1) year following a termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company under any of the conditions set forth in clauses (x), (y) or (z) of Section 5 of this Agreement;

(c) for a period of one-hundred eighty (180) days following a termination of the Executive’s employment by the Company for Cause or by the Executive without Good Reason; provided, however, that the Company shall have the option to extend the period for up to an additional one-hundred eighty (180) days if the Company pays the Executive his or her Annual Salary and a pro rated portion of his or her Annual Bonus at the then applicable Target Level as in effect on the date of termination during such extended period; and

(d) as to Section 6.2(bb) and (dd), at any time during and after the Executive’s employment with the Company and its subsidiaries (and the predecessors of either).

During the time periods for described hereinabove, the Executive covenants as follows:

(aa) The Executive shall not, directly or indirectly, own, manage, control or participate in the ownership, management, or control of, or be employed or engaged by or otherwise affiliated or associated as an employee, employer, consultant, agent, principal, partner, stockholder, corporate officer, director or in any other individual or representative capacity, engage or participate in any Single-family Residential REIT or other financial investment business which owns single-family residential properties as its primary business and that has assets in excess of Two Hundred Million and No/00 Dollars ($200,000,000), if such business is in competition in any manner whatsoever with the Business of the Company in any state or country or other jurisdiction in which the Company conducts its Business as of the date of termination; provided, however, that, notwithstanding the foregoing, (i) the Executive may own

 

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or participate in the ownership of any entity which he owned or managed or participated in the ownership or management of prior to the Effective Date which ownership, management or participation has been disclosed to the Company; and (ii) the Executive may invest in securities of any entity, solely for investment purposes and without participating in the business thereof, if (A) such securities are traded on any national securities exchange or the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation System or equivalent non-U.S. securities exchange, (B) the Executive is not a controlling person of, or a member of a group which controls, such entity and (C) the Executive does not, directly or indirectly, own one percent (1%) or more of any class of securities of such entity.

(bb) Except in connection with the business and affairs of the Company and its affiliates: the Executive shall keep secret and retain in strictest confidence, and shall not use for his benefit or the benefit of others, all confidential matters relating to the Business and the business of any of its affiliates and to the Company and any of its affiliates, learned by the Executive heretofore or hereafter directly or indirectly from the Company or any of its subsidiaries (or any predecessor of either) (the “ Confidential Company Information ”), including, without limitation, information with respect to the Business and any aspect thereof, profit or loss figures, and the Company’s or its affiliates’ (or any of their predecessors) properties, and shall not disclose such Confidential Company information to anyone outside of the Company except with the Company’s express written consent and except for Confidential Company Information which (i) at the time of receipt or thereafter becomes publicly known through no wrongful act of the Executive; (ii) is clearly obtainable in the public domain; (iii) was not acquired by the Executive in connection with the Executive’s employment or affiliation with the Company; (iv) was not acquired by the Executive from the Company or its representatives or from a third-party who has an agreement with the Company not to disclose such information; (v) was legally in the possession of or developed by the Executive prior to the Effective Date; or (vi) is required to be disclosed by rule of law or by order of a court or governmental body or agency. For purposes of this Agreement, “affiliate” means, with respect to the Company, any person, partnership, corporation or other entity that controls, is controlled by or is under common control with the Company within the meaning of Rule 405 of Regulation C under the Securities Act of 1933, as now in effect or as hereafter amended.

(cc) The Executive shall not, without the Company’s prior written consent, directly or indirectly, (i) knowingly solicit or knowingly encourage to leave the employment or other service of the Company or any of its affiliates, any employee employed by the Company at the time of the termination thereof or knowingly hire (on behalf of the Executive or any other person or entity) any employee employed by the Company at the time of the termination who has left the employment or other service of the Company or any of its affiliates (or any predecessor of either) within one (1) year of the termination of such employee’s or independent contractor’s employment or other service with the Company and its affiliates; or (ii) whether for the Executive’s own account or for the account of any other person, firm, corporation or other business organization, intentionally interfere with the Company’s or any of its affiliates, relationship with, or endeavor to entice away from the Company or any of its affiliates, any person who during the Executive’s employment with the Company is or was a customer or client of the Company or any of its affiliates (or any predecessor of either). Notwithstanding the above, nothing shall prevent the Executive from soliciting loans, investment capital, or the provision of management services from third parties engaged in the Business if the activities of the Executive facilitated thereby do not otherwise adversely interfere with the operations of the Business.

(dd) All memoranda, notes, lists, records, property and any other tangible product and documents (and all copies thereof) made, produced or compiled by the Executive or made available to the Executive during the Term concerning the Business of the Company and its affiliates shall be the Company’s property and shall be delivered to the Company at any time on request. Notwithstanding the above, the Executive’s contacts and contact data base shall not be the Company’s property. Notwithstanding the above, software, methods and material developed by the Executive prior to the Term of the Agreement shall not be the Company’s property.

 

11


6.3 Rights and Remedies upon Breach . The Executive acknowledges and agrees that any breach by him of any of the provisions of Sections 6.1 or 6.2 (the “ Restrictive Covenants ”) would result in irreparable injury and damage for which money damages would not provide an adequate remedy. Therefore, if the Executive breaches, or threatens to commit a breach of, any of the Restrictive Covenants, the Company and its affiliates shall have the right and remedy to have the Restrictive Covenants specifically enforced (without posting bond and without the need to prove damages) by any court having equity jurisdiction, including, without limitation, the right to an entry against the Executive of restraining orders and injunctions (preliminary, mandatory, temporary and permanent) against violations, threatened or actual, and whether or not then continuing, of such covenants. This right and remedy shall be in addition to, and not in lieu of, any other rights and remedies available to the Company and its affiliates under law or in equity (including, without limitation, the recovery of damages). The existence of any claim or cause of action by the Executive, whether predicated on this Agreement or otherwise, shall not constitute a defense to the enforcement of the Restrictive Covenants. The Company has the right to cease making the payments provided as part of the Severance Package in the event of a material breach of any of the Restrictive Covenants that, if capable of cure and not willful, is not cured within thirty (30) days after receipt of notice thereof from the Company.

7. Other Provisions .

7.1 Severability . The Executive acknowledges and agrees that the Executive has had an opportunity to seek advice of counsel in connection with this Agreement and that the Restrictive Covenants are reasonable in geographical and temporal scope and in all other respects. If it is determined that any of the provisions of this Agreement, including, without limitation, any of the Restrictive Covenants, or any part thereof, is invalid or unenforceable, the remainder of the provisions of this Agreement shall not thereby be affected and shall be given full effect, without regard to the invalid portions.

7.2 Duration and Scope of Covenants . If any court or other decision maker of competent jurisdiction determines that any of the Executive’s covenants contained in this Agreement, including, without limitation, any of the Restrictive Covenants, or any part thereof, are unenforceable because of the duration or geographical scope of such provision, then, after such determination has become final and unappealable, the duration or scope of such provision, as the case may be, shall be reduced so that such provision becomes enforceable and, in its reduced form, such provision shall then be enforceable and shall be enforced.

 

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7.3 Enforceability of Restrictive Covenants; Jurisdictions . The Company and the Executive intend to and hereby consent to jurisdiction to enforce the Restrictive Covenants upon the courts of any jurisdiction within the geographical scope of the Restrictive Covenants. If the courts of any one or more of such jurisdictions hold the Restrictive Covenants wholly unenforceable by reason of breadth of scope or otherwise it is the intention of the Company and the Executive that such determination not bar or in any way affect the Company’s right, or the right of any of its affiliates, to the relief provided above in the courts of any other jurisdiction within the geographical scope of such Restrictive Covenants, as to breaches of such Restrictive Covenants in such other respective jurisdictions, such Restrictive Covenants as they relate to each jurisdiction’s being, for this purpose, severable, diverse and independent covenants, subject, where appropriate, to the doctrine of res judicata .

7.4 Arbitration . Except with respect to any claims or disputes arising from or relating to the Restrictive Covenants or arising after a Change in Control, any disputes arising under or in connection with this Agreement shall be resolved by binding arbitration, to be held in Phoenix, Arizona in accordance with the Commercial Arbitration Rules, as amended from time to time, of the American Arbitration Association (the “ AAA ”). The Company and the Executive will each select an arbitrator, and a third arbitrator will be selected jointly by the arbitrators selected by the Company and the Executive within 15 days after demand for arbitration is made by a Party. If the arbitrators selected by the Company and the Executive are unable to agree on a third arbitrator within that period, then either the Company or the Executive may request that the AAA select the third arbitrator. The arbitrators will possess substantive legal experience in the principle issues in dispute and will be independent of the Company and the Executive. To the extent permitted by applicable law and not prohibited by the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, the Company will pay all expenses (including the reasonable expenses of the Executive, including his reasonable legal fees, if the Executive is the prevailing party in such arbitration) incurred in connection with arbitration and the fees and expenses of the arbitrators and will advance such expenses from time to time as required. Except as may otherwise be agreed in writing by the parties or as ordered by the arbitrators upon substantial justification shown, the hearing for the dispute will be held within 60 days of submission of the dispute to arbitration. The arbitrators will render their final award within 30 days following conclusion of the hearing and any required post-hearing briefing or other proceedings ordered by the arbitrators. The arbitrators will state the factual and legal basis for the award. The decision of the arbitrators will be final and binding and not subject to judicial review and final judgment may be entered upon such an award in any court of competent jurisdiction, but entry of such judgment will not be required to make such award effective.

7.5 Attorneys’ Fees . If litigation after a Change in Control shall be brought to enforce or interpret any provision contained herein, the Company, to the extent permitted by applicable law and not prohibited by the Company’s certificate of incorporation and bylaws, shall indemnify the Executive for the Executive’s reasonable attorneys’ fees and disbursements incurred in such litigation if the Executive is the prevailing party in such litigation.

 

13


7.6 Notices . Any notice, consent or other communication required or permitted hereunder shall be in writing and shall be delivered personally, telegraphed, telexed, sent by facsimile transmission or sent by certified, registered or express mail, postage prepaid. Any such notice, consent or other communication shall be deemed given when so delivered personally, delivered by overnight courier, telexed or sent by facsimile transmission or, if mailed, five days after the date of deposit in the United States mails as follows:

 

(a)    If to the Company, to:
  

American Residential Properties, Inc.

7033 E Greenway Parkway Suite 210

Scottsdale, AZ 85254

Attention: Stephen G. Schmitz, CEO

Fax: 480.264.2943 | Cell 480.266.9590

Email: steve.schmitz@americanresidentialproperties.com

   with copies, in the case of notice, to:   
  

Hunton & Williams LLP

Riverfront Plaza, East Tower

951 East Byrd Street

Richmond, Virginia 23219

Attention: Daniel M. LeBey, Esq.

Fax: (804) 788-8218

Email: dlebey@hunton.com

  
(b)    If to the Executive, to:
   Ms. Lani B Porter
  

 

  
  

 

  
   Fax:   

 

  
   Email:   

 

  
        
   with a copy in either case to:
  

 

  
  

 

  
  

 

  
   Fax:   

 

  
   Email:   

 

  

Any such person may by notice given in accordance with this Section to the other parties hereto designate another address or person for receipt by such person of notices hereunder.

7.7 Entire Agreement . This Agreement contains the entire agreement between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements, written or oral, with the Company or its subsidiaries (or any predecessor of either).

7.8 Waivers and Amendments . This Agreement may be amended, superseded, canceled, renewed or extended, and the terms hereof may be waived, only by a written instrument signed by the parties or, in the case of a waiver, by the party waiving

 

14


compliance. No delay on the part of any party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any waiver on the part of any party of any such right, power or privilege nor any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege, preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other such right, power or privilege.

7.9 GOVERNING LAW . THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED EXCLUSIVELY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF ARIZONA WITHOUT REGARD TO PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICTS OF LAW. Subject to the parties’ obligations under Section 7.4, the Executive and the Company each hereby expressly consents to the exclusive venue and jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in Phoenix, Arizona, for any lawsuit arising from or relating to this Agreement.

7.10 Assignment . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the executors, administrators, heirs, successors and assigns of the parties; provided, however, that except as herein expressly provided, this Agreement shall not be assignable either by the Company (except to an affiliate of the Company, in which event the Company shall remain liable if the affiliate fails to meet any of the Company’s obligations hereunder, including without limitation to provide the employment opportunities offered hereby and to make payments or provide benefits or otherwise) or by the Executive. In the event that the Executive consents to the assignment of this Agreement to a successor in interest of the Company upon a Change in Control, such consent shall not be deemed to waive or diminish the Executive’s rights under Section 3.8.

7.11 Withholding . The Company shall be entitled to withhold from any payments or deemed payments any amount of withholding required by law. In the event that the Company determines that any federal, state, local or foreign tax or withholding payment is required relating to the vesting in or delivery of any Equity Compensation, the Company shall have the right to require such payments from the Executive or withhold such amounts from other payments due to the Executive from the Company or any affiliate, or to withhold such Equity Compensation that would otherwise have been issued to the Executive. The Executive shall have the right to recommend the manner in which such payments shall be made or withheld. No other taxes, fees, impositions, duties or other charges or offsets of any kind shall be deducted or withheld from amounts payable hereunder, unless otherwise required by law.

7.12 No Duty to Mitigate . The Executive shall not be required to mitigate damages or the amount of any payment provided for under this Agreement by seeking other employment or otherwise, nor will any payments hereunder be subject to offset in the event the Executive does mitigate.

7.13 Binding Effect . This Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties and their respective successors, permitted assigns, heirs, executors and legal representatives.

7.14 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original but all such counterparts together shall constitute one and the same instrument. Each counterpart may consist of two copies hereof each signed by one of the parties hereto.

 

15


7.15 Survival . The rights and obligations of the parties under this Agreement, which by their nature would continue beyond the termination or expiration of this Agreement, shall survive the termination or expiration of this Agreement. The Company’s obligations hereunder shall not be terminated by reason of any liquidation, dissolution, bankruptcy, cessation of business, or similar event relating to the Company. This Agreement shall not be terminated by any merger or consolidation or other reorganization of the Company. In the event any such merger, consolidation or reorganization shall be accomplished by transfer of stock or by transfer of assets or otherwise, the provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the surviving or resulting corporation or person.

7.16 Existing Agreements . Executive represents to the Company that the Executive is not subject or a party to any employment or consulting agreement, non-competition covenant or other agreement, covenant or understanding which might prohibit the Executive from executing this Agreement or limit the Executive’s ability to fulfill the Executive’s responsibilities hereunder.

7.17 Headings . The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.

7.18 Parachute Provisions . If any amount payable to, or other benefit receivable by the Executive pursuant to this Agreement (taking into account payments and benefits under other agreements, plans and agreements) is deemed to constitute a “parachute payment” as defined in Section 280G of the Tax Code, then such payment or benefit shall be reduced in accordance with, and to the extent required by, the provisions of the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

7.19 Indemnification; Directors and Officer’s Insurance . The Executive shall be entitled to indemnification in all instances in which the Executive is acting within the scope of his authority to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law and not prohibited by the Company’s charter and bylaws, from and against any damages or liabilities, including reasonable attorney’s fees; provided, however, that the Executive shall not be entitled to indemnification for damages or liabilities which result from or arise out of the Executive’s willful misconduct or gross negligence. During the Term, the Company will maintain directors’ and officers’ liability insurance in a coverage amount of not less than Ten Million and No/00 Dollars ($10,000,000).

7.20 409A . This Agreement and the amounts payable and other benefits hereunder are intended to comply with, or otherwise be exempt from, Section 409A of the Tax Code. This Agreement shall be administered, interpreted and construed in a manner consistent with Section 409A. If any provision of this Agreement is found not to comply with, or otherwise not to be exempt from, the provisions of Section 409A, it shall be modified and given effect, in the sole discretion of the Board or Compensation Committee thereof and without requiring the Executive’s consent, in such manner as the Board or Compensation Committee determines to be necessary or appropriate to comply with, or to effectuate an exemption from, Section 409A. Each payment under this Agreement shall be treated as a separate identified payment for

 

16


purposes of Section 409A. The preceding provisions shall not constitute or be construed as a guarantee, representation or warranty by the Company of any particular favorable tax effect or result to the Executive of the payments and other benefits under this Agreement.

With respect to any reimbursement of expenses of, or any provision of in-kind benefits to, the Executive, as specified under this Agreement, such reimbursement of expenses or provision of in-kind benefits shall be subject to the following conditions: (a) the expenses eligible for reimbursement or the amount of in-kind benefits provided in one taxable year shall not affect the expenses eligible for reimbursement or the amount of in-kind benefits provided in any other taxable year, except for any medical reimbursement arrangement providing for the reimbursement of expenses referred to in Section 105(b) of the Tax Code; (b) the reimbursement of an eligible expense shall be made no later than the end of the year after the year in which such expense was incurred; and (c) the right to reimbursement or in-kind benefits shall not be subject to liquidation or exchange for another benefit.

If a payment obligation under this Agreement arises on account of the Executive’s termination of employment and if such payment is subject to Section 409A, the payment shall be paid only in connection with the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined in Treas. Reg. Section 1.409A-1(h)). If a payment obligation under this Agreement arises on account of the Executive’s “separation from service” (as defined under Treas. Reg. Section 1.409A-1(h)) while the Executive is a “specified employee” (as defined under Treas. Reg. Section 1.409A-1(h)), any payment of “deferred compensation” (as defined under Treasury Regulation Section 1.409A-1(b)(1), after giving effect to the exemptions in Treasury Regulation Sections 1.409A-1(b)(3) through (b)(12)) that is scheduled to be paid within six months after such separation from service shall accrue without interest and shall be paid on the first day of the seventh month beginning after the date of the Executive’s separation from service or, if earlier, within 15 days after the appointment of the personal representative or executor of the Executive’s estate following his death.

[Signature page follows.]

 

17


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have signed their names to this Employment Agreement as of the day and year set forth below.

 

    COMPANY:
   

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.,

a Maryland corporation:

Date: April 19, 2013     By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

    Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
    Title:   Chief Executive Officer
    EXECUTIVE:
Date: April 19, 2013     LANI B PORTER
   

/s/ Lani B Porter

    Signature


ATTACHMENT “A”

to

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT

LANI B PORTER

General Release of Claims

Consistent with Section 5 of the Employment Agreement dated April 19, 2013, effective as of January 1, 2013, between AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC. (the “Company”) and me (the “ Employment Agreement ”) and in consideration for and contingent upon my receipt of the Severance Package set forth in Sections 5(b) of the Employment Agreement, I, for myself, my attorneys, heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, do hereby fully and forever release and discharge the Company and its affiliated entities (as defined in the Employment Agreement), as well as their predecessors, successors, assigns, and their current or former directors, officers, partners, agents, employees, attorneys, and administrators from all suits, causes of action, and/or claims, demands or entitlements of any nature whatsoever, whether known, unknown, or unforeseen, which I have or may have against any of them arising out of or in connection with my employment by the Company, the Employment Agreement, the termination of my employment with the Company, or any event, transaction, or matter occurring or existing on or before the date of my signing of this General Release, except that I am not releasing any (a) right to indemnification that I may otherwise have, (b) right to Annual Salary and benefits under applicable benefit plans that are earned and accrued but unpaid as of the date of my signing this General Release, (c) right to reimbursement for business expenses incurred and not reimbursed as of the date of my signing this General Release, (d) right to any bonus payment(s) or other compensation due under the Employment Agreement, the Bonus Plan, any Company Incentive Plan that is earned and accrued for the most recent completed calendar year for which a bonus payment has not then been paid as of the date of my signing this General Release, or (e) claims arising after the date of my signing this General Release. I agree not to file or otherwise institute any claim, demand or lawsuit seeking damages or other relief and not to otherwise assert any claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I further hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive any and all rights to recover any relief or damages concerning the claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I represent and warrant that I have not previously filed or joined in any such claims, demands or entitlements against the Company or the other persons released herein and that I will indemnify and hold them harmless from all liabilities, claims, demands, costs, expenses and/or attorneys’ fees incurred as a result of any such claims, demands or lawsuits.

Except as otherwise expressly provided above, this General Release specifically includes, but is not limited to, all claims of breach of contract, employment discrimination (including any claims coming within the scope of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, and any comparable Arizona law, all as amended, or any other applicable federal, state, or local law), claims under the Employee

 

A-1


Retirement Income Security Act, as amended, claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended (or any other applicable federal, state or local statute relating to payment of wages), claims concerning recruitment, hiring, termination, salary rate, severance pay, stock options, wages or benefits due, sick leave, holiday pay, vacation pay, life insurance, group medical insurance, any other fringe benefits, worker’s compensation, termination, employment status, libel, slander, defamation, intentional or negligent misrepresentation and/or infliction of emotional distress, together with any and all tort, contract, or other claims which might have been asserted by me or on my behalf in any suit, charge of discrimination, or claim against the Company or the persons released herein.

I acknowledge that I have been given an opportunity of twenty-one (21) days to consider this General Release and that I have been encouraged by the Company to discuss fully the terms of this General Release with legal counsel of my own choosing. Moreover, for a period of seven (7) days following my execution of this General Release, I shall have the right to revoke the waiver of claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, a federal statute that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees who are age 40 or over. If I elect to revoke this General Release within this seven-day period, I must inform the Company by delivering a written notice of revocation to the Company’s Director of Human Resources,                     , no later than 11:59 p.m. on the seventh calendar day after I sign this General Release. I understand that, if I elect to exercise this revocation right, this General Release shall be voided in its entirety and the Company shall be relieved of all obligations to make the portion of the Severance Package described in Section 5(b) of the Employment Agreement. I may, if I wish, elect to sign this General Release prior to the expiration of the 21-day consideration period, and I agree that if I elect to do so, my election is made freely and voluntarily and after having an opportunity to consult counsel.

 

AGREED:    
[Form of Agreement Only - Do Not Execute]    

 

   

 

 

    Date

 

A-2

Exhibit 10.7

INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT

THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT (“ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of the      day of             , 20    , effective as of             , 20     (the “ Effective Date ”), by and between American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and                      (“ Indemnitee ”).

WHEREAS, at the request of the Company, Indemnitee [ will serve ] [ currently serves ] as [a director] [and] [an officer] of the Company and may, therefore, be subjected to claims, suits or proceedings arising as a result of [his][her] service; and

WHEREAS, as an inducement to Indemnitee to serve or continue to serve as [a director] [and] [an officer] , the Company has agreed to indemnify and to advance expenses and costs incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any such claims, suits or proceedings, to the maximum extent permitted by law; and

WHEREAS, the parties by this Agreement desire to set forth their agreement regarding indemnification and advance of expenses;

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants contained herein, the Company and Indemnitee do hereby covenant and agree as follows:

Section 1. Definitions . For purposes of this Agreement:

(a) “ Change in Control ” shall have the meaning ascribed to it by the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan or any equity incentive or stock compensation plan adopted by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholders of the Company that may later replace the 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

(b) “ Corporate Status ” means the status of a person as a present or former director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or as a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, real estate investment trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that such person is or was serving in such capacity at the request of the Company. As a clarification and without limiting the circumstances in which Indemnitee may be serving at the request of the Company, service by Indemnitee shall be deemed to be at the request of the Company: (i) if Indemnitee serves or served as a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust or other enterprise (1) of which a majority of the voting power or equity interest is owned directly or indirectly by the Company or (2) the management of which is controlled directly or indirectly by the Company and (ii) if, as a result of Indemnitee’s service to the Company or any of its affiliated entities, Indemnitee is subject to duties by, or required to perform services for, an employee benefit plan or its participants or beneficiaries, including as deemed fiduciary thereof.


(c) “ Disinterested Director ” means a director of the Company who is not and was not a party to the Proceeding in respect of which indemnification and/or advance of Expenses is sought by Indemnitee.

(d) “ Effective Date ” shall have the meaning ascribed to it in the first paragraph of this Agreement.

(e) “ Expenses ” means any and all reasonable and out-of-pocket attorneys’ fees and costs, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees, federal, state, local or foreign taxes imposed on Indemnitee as a result of the actual or deemed receipt of any payments under this Agreement, ERISA excise taxes and penalties and any other disbursements or expenses incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in or otherwise participating in a Proceeding. Expenses shall also include Expenses incurred in connection with any appeal resulting from any Proceeding including, without limitation, the premium, security for and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersedeas bond or other appeal bond or its equivalent.

(f) “Independent Counsel” means a law firm, or a member of a law firm, that is experienced in matters of corporation law and neither is, nor in the past five years has been, retained to represent: (i) the Company or Indemnitee in any matter material to either such party (other than with respect to matters concerning Indemnitee under this Agreement or of other indemnitees under similar indemnification agreements), or (ii) any other party to or participant or witness in the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification or advance of Expenses hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Independent Counsel” shall not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or Indemnitee in an action to determine Indemnitee’s rights under this Agreement.

(g) “Proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing or any other proceeding, whether brought by or in the right of the Company or otherwise and whether of a civil (including intentional or unintentional tort claims), criminal, administrative or investigative (formal or informal) nature, including any appeal therefrom, except one pending or completed on or before the Effective Date, unless otherwise specifically agreed in writing by the Company and Indemnitee. If Indemnitee reasonably believes that a given situation may lead to or culminate in the institution of a Proceeding, such situation shall also be considered a Proceeding.

Section 2. Services by Indemnitee . Indemnitee [will serve][serves] as [a director] [and] [an officer] of the Company. However, this Agreement shall not impose any independent obligation on Indemnitee or the Company to continue Indemnitee’s service to the Company. This Agreement shall not be deemed an employment contract between the Company (or any other entity) and Indemnitee.

 

-2-


Section 3. General . The Company shall indemnify, and advance Expenses to, Indemnitee (a) as provided in this Agreement and (b) otherwise to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law in effect on the Effective Date and as amended from time to time; provided, however, that no change in Maryland law shall have the effect of reducing the benefits available to Indemnitee hereunder based on Maryland law as in effect on the Effective Date. The rights of Indemnitee provided in this Section 3 shall include, without limitation, the rights set forth in the other sections of this Agreement, including any additional indemnification permitted by Section 2-418(g) of the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”).

Section 4. Standard for Indemnification . If, by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be, made a party to any Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection with any such Proceeding unless it is established that (a) the act or omission of Indemnitee was material to the matter giving rise to the Proceeding and (i) was committed in bad faith or (ii) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (b) Indemnitee actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (c) in the case of any criminal Proceeding, Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that [his][her] conduct was unlawful.

Section 5. Certain Limits on Indemnification . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement (other than Section 6), Indemnitee shall not be entitled to:

(a) indemnification hereunder if the Proceeding was one by or in the right of the Company and Indemnitee is adjudged, in a final adjudication of the Proceeding not subject to further appeal, to be liable to the Company;

(b) indemnification hereunder if Indemnitee is adjudged, in a final adjudication of the Proceeding not subject to further appeal, to be liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received in any Proceeding charging improper personal benefit to Indemnitee, whether or not involving action in the Indemnitee’s Corporate Status; or

(c) indemnification or advance of Expenses hereunder if the Proceeding was brought by Indemnitee, unless: (i) the Proceeding was brought to enforce indemnification under this Agreement, and then only to the extent in accordance with and as authorized by Section 12 of this Agreement, or (ii) the Company’s charter or Bylaws, a resolution of the stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors or of the Board of Directors or an agreement approved by the Board of Directors to which the Company is a party expressly provide otherwise.

Section 6. Court-Ordered Indemnification . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, a court of appropriate jurisdiction, upon application of Indemnitee and such notice as the court shall require, may order indemnification of Indemnitee by the Company in the following circumstances:

(a) if such court determines that Indemnitee is entitled to reimbursement under Section 2-418(d)(1) of the MGCL, the court shall order indemnification, in which case Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover the Expenses of securing such reimbursement; or

 

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(b) if such court determines that Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification in view of all the relevant circumstances, whether or not Indemnitee (i) has met the standards of conduct set forth in Section 2-418(b) of the MGCL or (ii) has been adjudged liable for receipt of an improper personal benefit under Section 2-418(c) of the MGCL, the court may order such indemnification as the court shall deem proper. However, indemnification with respect to any Proceeding by or in the right of the Company or in which liability shall have been adjudged in the circumstances described in Section 2-418(c) of the MGCL shall be limited to Expenses.

Section 7. Indemnification for Expenses of an Indemnitee Who is Wholly or Partially Successful . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, and without limiting any such provision, to the extent that Indemnitee was or is, by reason of [his][her] Corporate Status, made a party to (or otherwise becomes a participant in) any Proceeding and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of such Proceeding, Indemnitee shall be indemnified for all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee under this Section 7 for all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection with each such claim, issue or matter, allocated on a reasonable and proportionate basis. For purposes of this Section 7 and, without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result as to such claim, issue or matter.

Section 8. Advance of Expenses for Indemnitee . If, by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be, made a party to any Proceeding, the Company shall, without requiring a preliminary determination of Indemnitee’s ultimate entitlement to indemnification hereunder, advance all reasonable Expenses incurred by or on behalf of Indemnitee in connection with such Proceeding. Such advance or advances shall be made within ten days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements requesting such advance or advances from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding and may be in the form of, in the reasonable discretion of the Indemnitee (but without duplication) (a) payment of such Expenses directly to third parties on behalf of Indemnitee, (b) advancement to Indemnitee of funds in an amount sufficient to pay such Expenses or (c) reimbursement to Indemnitee for Indemnitee’s payment of such Expenses. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee and shall include or be preceded or accompanied by a written affirmation by Indemnitee of Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Company as authorized by law and by this Agreement has been met and a written undertaking by or on behalf of Indemnitee, in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit A or in such form as may be required under applicable law as in effect at the time of the execution thereof, to reimburse the portion of any Expenses advanced to Indemnitee relating to claims, issues or matters in the Proceeding as to which it shall ultimately be established that the standard of conduct has not been met by Indemnitee and which have not been successfully resolved as described in Section 7 of this Agreement. To the extent that Expenses advanced to Indemnitee do not relate to a specific claim, issue or matter in the Proceeding, such Expenses shall be allocated on a reasonable and proportionate basis. The undertaking required by this Section 8 shall be an unlimited general

 

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obligation by or on behalf of Indemnitee and shall be accepted without reference to Indemnitee’s financial ability to repay such advanced Expenses and without any requirement to post security therefor.

Section 9. Indemnification and Advance of Expenses as a Witness or Other Participant . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee is or may be, by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, made a witness or otherwise asked to participate in any Proceeding, whether instituted by the Company or any other party, and to which Indemnitee is not a party, Indemnitee shall be advanced all reasonable Expenses and indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on Indemnitee’s behalf in connection therewith within ten days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements requesting any such advance or indemnification from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of such Proceeding. Such statement or statements shall reasonably evidence the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee.

Section 10. Procedure for Determination of Entitlement to Indemnification .

(a) To obtain indemnification under this Agreement, Indemnitee shall submit to the Company a written request, including therein or therewith such documentation and information as is reasonably available to Indemnitee and is reasonably necessary to determine whether and to what extent Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification. Indemnitee may submit one or more such requests from time to time and at such time(s) as Indemnitee deems appropriate in Indemnitee’s sole discretion. The officer of the Company receiving any such request from Indemnitee shall, promptly upon receipt of such a request for indemnification, advise the Board of Directors in writing that Indemnitee has requested indemnification.

(b) Upon written request by Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to Section 10(a) above, a determination, if required by applicable law, with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement thereto shall promptly be made in the specific case: (i) if a Change in Control shall have occurred, by Independent Counsel, in a written opinion to the Board of Directors, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee, which Independent Counsel shall be selected by the Indemnitee and approved by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 2-418(e)(2)(ii) of the MGCL, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld; or (ii) if a Change in Control shall not have occurred, (A) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of Disinterested Directors or, if such a quorum cannot be obtained, then by a majority vote of a duly authorized committee of the Board of Directors consisting solely of one or more Disinterested Directors, (B) if Independent Counsel has been selected by the Board of Directors in accordance with Section 2-418(e)(2)(ii) of the MGCL and approved by the Indemnitee, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, by Independent Counsel, in a written opinion to the Board of Directors, a copy of which shall be delivered to Indemnitee or (C) if so directed by a majority of the members of the Board of Directors, by the stockholders of the Company. If it is so determined that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, payment to Indemnitee shall be made within ten days after such determination. Indemnitee shall cooperate with the person, persons or entity making such determination with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification, including providing to such person, persons or entity upon reasonable advance request any documentation or information which is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such

 

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determination in the discretion of the Board of Directors or Independent Counsel if retained pursuant to clause (ii)(B) of this Section 10(b). Any Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in so cooperating with the person, persons or entity making such determination shall be borne by the Company (irrespective of the determination as to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification) and the Company shall indemnify and hold Indemnitee harmless therefrom.

(c) The Company shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses of Independent Counsel, if one is appointed.

Section 11. Presumptions and Effect of Certain Proceedings .

(a) In making any determination with respect to entitlement to indemnification hereunder, the person or persons or entity making such determination shall presume that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under this Agreement if Indemnitee has submitted a request for indemnification in accordance with Section 10(a) of this Agreement, and the Company shall have the burden of proof to overcome that presumption in connection with the making of any determination contrary to that presumption.

(b) The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, does not create a presumption that Indemnitee did not meet the requisite standard of conduct described herein for indemnification.

(c) The knowledge and/or actions, or failure to act, of any other director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or any other director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise shall not be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining any other right to indemnification under this Agreement.

Section 12. Remedies of Indemnitee .

(a) If (i) a determination is made pursuant to Section 10(b) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advance of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Sections 8 or 9 of this Agreement, (iii) no determination of entitlement to indemnification shall have been made pursuant to Section 10(b) of this Agreement within 60 days after receipt by the Company of the request for indemnification, (iv) payment of indemnification is not made pursuant to Sections 7 or 9 of this Agreement within ten days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor, or (v) payment of indemnification pursuant to any other section of this Agreement or the charter or Bylaws of the Company is not made within ten days after a determination has been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication in an appropriate court located in the State of Maryland, or in any other court of competent jurisdiction, of Indemnitee’s entitlement to such indemnification or advance of Expenses. Alternatively, Indemnitee, at Indemnitee’s option, may seek an award in arbitration to be conducted by a single arbitrator pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association. Indemnitee shall commence a proceeding seeking an adjudication or an award in arbitration

 

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within 180 days following the date on which Indemnitee first has the right to commence such proceeding pursuant to this Section 12(a); provided, however, that the foregoing clause shall not apply to a proceeding brought by Indemnitee to enforce [his][her] rights under Section 7 of this Agreement. Except as set forth herein, the provisions of Maryland law (without regard to its conflicts of laws rules) shall apply to any such arbitration. The Company shall not oppose Indemnitee’s right to seek any such adjudication or award in arbitration.

(b) In any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 12, Indemnitee shall be presumed to be entitled to indemnification or advance of Expenses, as the case may be, under this Agreement and the Company shall have the burden of proving that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advance of Expenses, as the case may be. If Indemnitee commences a judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to this Section 12, Indemnitee shall not be required to reimburse the Company for any advances pursuant to Section 8 of this Agreement until a final determination is made with respect to Indemnitee’s entitlement to indemnification (as to which all rights of appeal have been exhausted or lapsed). The Company shall, to the fullest extent not prohibited by law, be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 12 that the procedures and presumptions of this Agreement are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in any such court or before any such arbitrator that the Company is bound by all of the provisions of this Agreement.

(c) If a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 10(b) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 12, absent a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitee’s statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification.

(d) In the event that Indemnitee is successful in seeking, pursuant to this Section 12, a judicial adjudication of or an award in arbitration to enforce Indemnitee’s rights under, or to recover damages for breach of, this Agreement, Indemnitee shall be entitled to recover from the Company, and shall be indemnified by the Company for, any and all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him in such judicial adjudication or arbitration. If it shall be determined in such judicial adjudication or arbitration that Indemnitee is entitled to receive part but not all of the indemnification or advance of Expenses sought, the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with such judicial adjudication or arbitration shall be appropriately prorated.

(e) Interest shall be paid by the Company to Indemnitee at the maximum rate allowed to be charged for judgments under the Courts and Judicial Proceedings Article of the Annotated Code of Maryland for amounts which the Company pays or is obligated to pay for the period (i) commencing with either the tenth day after the date on which the Company was requested to advance Expenses in accordance with Sections 8 or 9 of this Agreement or the 60 th day after the date on which the Company was requested to make the determination of entitlement to indemnification under Section 10(b) of this Agreement, as applicable, and (ii) ending on the date such payment is made to Indemnitee by the Company.

 

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Section 13. Defense of the Underlying Proceeding .

(a) Indemnitee shall notify the Company promptly in writing upon being served with any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, request or other document relating to any Proceeding which may result in the right to indemnification or the advance of Expenses hereunder and shall include with such notice a description of the nature of the Proceeding and a summary of the facts underlying the Proceeding. The failure to give any such notice shall not disqualify Indemnitee from the right, or otherwise affect in any manner any right of Indemnitee, to indemnification or the advance of Expenses under this Agreement unless the Company’s ability to defend in such Proceeding or to obtain proceeds under any insurance policy is materially and adversely prejudiced thereby, and then only to the extent the Company is thereby actually so prejudiced.

(b) Subject to the provisions of the last sentence of this Section 13(b) and of Section 13(c) below, the Company shall have the right to defend Indemnitee in any Proceeding which may give rise to indemnification hereunder; provided, however, that the Company shall notify Indemnitee of any such decision to defend within 15 calendar days following receipt of notice of any such Proceeding under Section 13(a) above. The Company shall not, without the prior written consent of Indemnitee, which shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed, consent to the entry of any judgment against Indemnitee or enter into any settlement or compromise which (i) includes an admission of fault of Indemnitee, (ii) does not include, as an unconditional term thereof, the full release of Indemnitee from all liability in respect of such Proceeding, which release shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Indemnitee or (iii) would impose any Expense, judgment, fine, penalty or limitation on Indemnitee. This Section 13(b) shall not apply to a Proceeding brought by Indemnitee under Section 12 of this Agreement.

(c) Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 13(b) above, if in a Proceeding to which Indemnitee is a party by reason of Indemnitee’s Corporate Status, (i) Indemnitee reasonably concludes, based upon an opinion of counsel approved by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, that Indemnitee may have separate defenses or counterclaims to assert with respect to any issue which may not be consistent with other defendants in such Proceeding, (ii) Indemnitee reasonably concludes, based upon an opinion of counsel approved by the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, that an actual or apparent conflict of interest or potential conflict of interest exists between Indemnitee and the Company, or (iii) if the Company fails to assume the defense of such Proceeding in a timely manner, Indemnitee shall be entitled to be represented by separate legal counsel of Indemnitee’s choice, subject to the prior approval of the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, at the expense of the Company. In addition, if the Company fails to comply with any of its obligations under this Agreement or in the event that the Company or any other person takes any action to declare this Agreement void or unenforceable, or institutes any Proceeding to deny or to recover from Indemnitee the benefits intended to be provided to Indemnitee hereunder, Indemnitee shall have the right to retain counsel of Indemnitee’s choice, subject to the prior approval of the Company, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld, at the expense of the Company (subject to Section 12(d) of this Agreement), to represent Indemnitee in connection with any such matter.

 

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Section 14. Non-Exclusivity; Survival of Rights; Subrogation .

(a) The rights of indemnification and advance of Expenses as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the charter or Bylaws of the Company, any agreement or a resolution of the stockholders entitled to vote generally in the election of directors or of the Board of Directors, or otherwise. Unless consented to in writing by Indemnitee, no amendment, alteration or repeal of this Agreement or of any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any right of Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in [his][her] Corporate Status prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal, regardless of whether a claim with respect to such action or inaction is raised prior or subsequent to such amendment, alteration or repeal. No right or remedy herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every other right or remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right or remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prohibit the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy.

(b) In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights.

 

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Section 15. Insurance .

(a) The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to acquire directors and officers liability insurance, on terms and conditions deemed appropriate by the Board of Directors, with the advice of counsel, covering Indemnitee or any claim made against Indemnitee by reason of [his][her] Corporate Status and covering the Company for any indemnification or advance of Expenses made by the Company to Indemnitee for any claims made against Indemnitee by reason of [his][her] Corporate Status. In the event of a Change in Control, the Company shall maintain in force any and all directors and officers liability insurance policies that were maintained by the Company immediately prior to the Change in Control for a period of six years with the insurance carrier or carriers and through the insurance broker in place at the time of the Change of Control; provided, however, (i) if the carriers will not offer the same policy and an expiring policy needs to be replaced, a policy substantially comparable in scope and amount shall be obtained and (ii) if any replacement insurance carrier is necessary to obtain a policy substantially comparable in scope and amount, such insurance carrier shall have an AM Best rating that is the same or better than the AM Best rating of existing insurance carrier; provided, further, however, in no event shall the Company be required to expend in the aggregate in excess of 250% of the annual premium or premiums paid by the Company for directors and officers liability insurance in effect on the date of the Change in Control. In the event that 250% of the annual premium paid by the Company for such existing directors and officers liability insurance is insufficient for such coverage, the Company shall spend up to that amount to purchase such lesser coverage as may be obtained with such amount.

(b) Without in any way limiting any other obligation under this Agreement, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee for any payment by Indemnitee arising out of the amount of any deductible or retention and the amount of any excess of the aggregate of all judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with a Proceeding over the coverage of any insurance referred to in the previous sentence. The purchase, establishment and maintenance of any such insurance shall not in any way limit or affect the rights or obligations of the Company or Indemnitee under this Agreement except as expressly provided herein, and the execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and the Indemnitee shall not in any way limit or affect the rights or obligations of the Company under any such insurance policies. If, at the time the Company receives notice from any source of a Proceeding to which Indemnitee is a party or a participant (as a witness or otherwise) the Company has director and officer liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of such Proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies.

Section 16. Coordination of Payments . The Company shall not be liable under this Agreement to make any payment of amounts otherwise indemnifiable or payable or reimbursable as Expenses hereunder if and to the extent that Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such payment under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise.

Section 17. Contribution . If the indemnification provided in this Agreement is unavailable in whole or in part and may not be paid to Indemnitee for any reason, other than for failure to satisfy the standard of conduct set forth in Section 4 or due to the provisions of Section 5, then, in respect to any Proceeding in which the Company is jointly liable with Indemnitee (or

 

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would be if joined in such Proceeding), to the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, the Company, in lieu or indemnifying and holding harmless Indemnitee, shall pay, in the first instance, the entire amount incurred by Indemnitee, whether for Expenses, judgments, penalties, and/or amounts paid or to be paid in settlement, in connection with any Proceeding without requiring Indemnitee to contribute to such payment, and the Company hereby waives and relinquished any right of contribution it may have at any time against Indemnitee.

Section 18. Reports to Stockholders . To the extent required by the MGCL, the Company shall report in writing to its stockholders the payment of any amounts for indemnification of, or advance of Expenses to, Indemnitee under this Agreement arising out of a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company with the notice of the meeting of stockholders of the Company next following the date of the payment of any such indemnification or advance of Expenses or prior to such meeting.

Section 19. Duration of Agreement; Binding Effect .

(a) This Agreement shall continue until and terminate on the later of (i) the date that Indemnitee shall have ceased to serve as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or as a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that such person is or was serving in such capacity at the request of the Company and (ii) the date that Indemnitee is no longer subject to any actual or possible Proceeding (including any rights of appeal thereto and any Proceeding commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 12 of this Agreement).

(b) The indemnification and advance of Expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Agreement shall be binding upon and be enforceable by the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns (including any direct or indirect successor by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise to all or substantially all of the business or assets of the Company), shall continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company or a director, trustee, officer, partner, manager, managing member, fiduciary, employee or agent of any other foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, limited liability company, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise that such person is or was serving in such capacity at the request of the Company, and shall inure to the benefit of Indemnitee and Indemnitee’s spouse, assigns, heirs, devisees, executors and administrators and other legal representatives.

(c) The Company shall require and cause any successor (whether direct or indirect by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise) to all, substantially all or a substantial part, of the business and/or assets of the Company, by written agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Indemnitee, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.

 

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(d) The Company and Indemnitee agree that a monetary remedy for breach of this Agreement, at some later date, may be inadequate, impracticable and difficult of proof, and further agree that such breach may cause Indemnitee irreparable harm. Accordingly, the parties hereto agree that Indemnitee may enforce this Agreement by seeking injunctive relief and/or specific performance hereof, without any necessity of showing actual damage or irreparable harm and that by seeking injunctive relief and/or specific performance, Indemnitee shall not be precluded from seeking or obtaining any other relief to which Indemnitee may be entitled. Indemnitee shall further be entitled to such specific performance and injunctive relief, including temporary restraining orders, preliminary injunctions and permanent injunctions, without the necessity of posting bonds or other undertakings in connection therewith. The Company acknowledges that, in the absence of a waiver, a bond or undertaking may be required of Indemnitee by a court, and the Company hereby waives any such requirement of such a bond or undertaking.

Section 20. Severability . If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any Section, paragraph or sentence of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall remain enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law; (b) such provision or provisions shall be deemed reformed to the extent necessary to conform to applicable law and to give the maximum effect to the intent of the parties hereto; and (c) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any Section, paragraph or sentence of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested thereby.

Section 21. Identical Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. One such counterpart signed by the party against whom enforceability is sought shall be sufficient to evidence the existence of this Agreement.

Section 22. Headings . The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof.

Section 23. Modification and Waiver . No supplement, modification or amendment of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by both of the parties hereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions hereof (whether or not similar) nor shall such waiver constitute a continuing waiver.

Section 24. Notices . All notices, requests, demands and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if (i) delivered by

 

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hand and receipted for by the party to whom said notice or other communication shall have been directed, on the day of such delivery, or (ii) mailed by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date on which it is so mailed:

(a) If to Indemnitee, to the address set forth on the signature page hereto.

(b) If to the Company, to:

American Residential Properties, Inc.

7047 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 350

Scottsdale, Arizona 85254

Attention: President

or to such other address as may have been furnished in writing to Indemnitee by the Company or to the Company by Indemnitee, as the case may be.

Section 25. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Maryland, without regard to its conflicts of laws rules.

[ Signatures appear on following page. ]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.

 

COMPANY:
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
By:  

 

Name:  
Title:  
INDEMNITEE

 

Name:  
Address:  

[Indemnification Agreement – directors and officers]


EXHIBIT A

AFFIRMATION AND UNDERTAKING TO REPAY EXPENSES ADVANCED

 

To: The Board of Directors of American Residential Properties, Inc.

 

Re: Affirmation and Undertaking

Ladies and Gentlemen:

This Affirmation and Undertaking is being provided pursuant to that certain Indemnification Agreement dated the      day of             , 20    , by and between American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and the undersigned Indemnitee (the “Indemnification Agreement”), pursuant to which I am entitled to advance of Expenses in connection with [Description of Proceeding] (the “Proceeding”).

Terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings specified in the Indemnification Agreement.

I am subject to the Proceeding by reason of my Corporate Status or by reason of alleged actions or omissions by me in such capacity. I hereby affirm my good faith belief that at all times, insofar as I was involved as [a director] [an officer] of the Company, in any of the facts or events giving rise to the Proceeding, I (1) did not act with bad faith or active or deliberate dishonesty, (2) did not receive any improper personal benefit in money, property or services and (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that any act or omission by me was unlawful.

In consideration of the advance of Expenses by the Company for reasonable attorneys’ fees and related Expenses incurred by me in connection with the Proceeding (the “Advanced Expenses”), I hereby agree that if, in connection with the Proceeding, it is established that (1) an act or omission by me was material to the matter giving rise to the Proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty or (2) I actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (3) in the case of any criminal proceeding, I had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful, then I shall promptly reimburse the portion of the Advanced Expenses relating to the claims, issues or matters in the Proceeding as to which the foregoing findings have been established.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have executed this Affirmation and Undertaking on this      day of             , 20    .

 

Name:  

 

Exhibit 10.8

[Event-based Vesting]

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Under the American Residential Properties, Inc.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Name of Grantee:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Number of LTIP Units:   125,986
Grant Date (Closing Date):   May 11, 2012
Final Acceptance Date:   May 11, 2012

Pursuant to the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”), as amended through the date hereof, and the Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of the Closing Date (as defined below) (the “ Partnership Agreement ”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ ARP OP ”), American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”) and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the general partner of ARP OP (the “ General Partner ”), and for the provision of services to or for the benefit of ARP OP in a partner capacity or in anticipation of being a partner, hereby grants to the Grantee named above an Other Equity-Based Award (as defined in the Plan) (an “ Award ”) in the form of, and by causing ARP OP to issue to the Grantee named above, the number of LTIP Units specified above having the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), the Grantee shall receive, effective as of the Closing Date, the number of LTIP Units specified above, subject to the restrictions and conditions set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Partnership Agreement, attached hereto as Annex A , or the Plan, as applicable, unless a different meaning is specified herein. Reference is made to that certain Employment Agreement entered into by and between the Company and the Grantee effective as of May 11, 2012 (the “ Employment Agreement ”).

1. Acceptance of Agreement . The Grantee shall have no rights with respect to this Agreement unless he or she shall have accepted this Agreement prior to the close of business on the Final Acceptance Date specified above by (i) signing and delivering to ARP OP a copy of this Agreement and (ii) unless the Grantee is already a Limited Partner, signing, as a Limited Partner, and delivering to ARP OP a counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Agreement by the Grantee, the Partnership Agreement shall be amended to reflect the issuance to the Grantee of the LTIP Units so accepted, effective as of the Closing Date. Thereupon, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner with respect to the number of LTIP Units specified above, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement, subject, however, to the restrictions and conditions specified in Section 2 below.


2. Restrictions and Conditions .

(a) The records of ARP OP evidencing the LTIP Units granted herein shall bear an appropriate legend, as determined by ARP OP in its sole discretion, to the effect that such LTIP Units are subject to restrictions as set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

(b) LTIP Units granted herein may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Grantee prior to vesting.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 below, any LTIP Units (and the proportionate amount of the Grantee’s Capital Account balance attributable to such LTIP Units) subject to this Award that have not become vested on or before the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) terminates shall be forfeited as of the date that such employment terminates.

3. Vesting of LTIP Units . The restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of this Agreement shall lapse with respect to all of the LTIP Units granted herein upon the first to occur of: (i) the date on which any shares of Common Stock become registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and listed on a national securities exchange; (ii) the date on which a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan) occurs; and (iii) the third anniversary of the Grant Date, in each case so long as the Grantee remains an employee of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until the date described in (i), (ii), or (iii) above, as applicable (each such date, a “ Vesting Date ”).

4. Acceleration of Vesting in Special Circumstances . All LTIP Units granted herein shall automatically become fully vested on the date specified below if the Grantee remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until such date:

(a) the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates ends on account of the Grantee’s termination of employment by the Company without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or the Grantee’s resignation with Good Reason (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or upon the Grantee’s resignation following receipt by the Grantee of notice by the Company of non-renewal of the Employment Agreement, so long as such resignation occurs within 90 days following the Grantee’s receipt of such notice of non-renewal; provided , that in each case the Grantee has satisfied the requirements of Section 5(b) of the Employment Agreement; or

(b) the date that the Grantee’s employment ends on account of the Grantee’s death or total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)).

5. Merger-Related Action . In contemplation of and subject to the consummation of a consolidation or merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in which outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities, cash, or other property of an unrelated corporation or business entity or in the event of a liquidation of the Company (in each case, a “ Transaction ”), the Board of Directors of the Company, or the board of trustees or

 

2


directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the Company (the “ Acquiror ”), may, in its discretion, take any one or more of the following actions, as to the outstanding LTIP Units subject to this Award: (i) provide that such LTIP Units shall be assumed or equivalent awards shall be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding entity (or an affiliate thereof), and/or (ii) upon prior written notice to the LTIP Unitholders (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of not less than 30 days, provide that such LTIP Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction. The right to take such actions (each, a “ Merger-Related Action ”) shall be subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

(a) if all LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are eligible, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, for conversion into Common Units (as defined in and in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) and the Grantee is afforded the opportunity to effect such conversion and receive, in consideration for the Common Units into which his LTIP Units shall have been converted, the same kind and amount of consideration as other holders of Common Units in connection with the Transaction, then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in (i) or (ii) above shall be permitted and available to the Company and the Acquiror;

(b) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and the acquiring or succeeding entity is itself, or has a subsidiary which is organized as a partnership or limited liability company (consisting of a so-called “UPREIT” or other structure substantially similar in purpose or effect to that of the Company and ARP OP), then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (i) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Acquiror with respect to all LTIP Units subject to this Award which are not so convertible at the time, whereby all such LTIP Units covered by this Award shall be assumed by the acquiring or succeeding entity, or equivalent awards shall be substituted by the acquiring or succeeding entity, and the acquiring or succeeding entity shall preserve with respect to the assumed LTIP Units or any securities to be substituted for such LTIP Units, as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances, the distribution, special allocation, conversion and other rights set forth in the Partnership Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders; and

(c) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and after exercise of reasonable commercial efforts the Company or the Acquiror is unable to treat the LTIP Units in accordance with Section 5(b) , then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (ii) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Company or the Acquiror, in which case such action shall be subject to a provision that the settlement of the terminated award of LTIP Units which are not convertible into Common Units requires a payment of the same kind and amount of consideration payable in connection with the Transaction to a holder of the number of Common Units into which the LTIP Units to be terminated could be converted or, if greater, the consideration payable to holders of the number of common shares into which such Common Units could be exchanged (including the right to make elections as to the type of consideration) if the Transaction were of a nature that permitted a revaluation of the Grantee’s capital account balance under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, as determined by the Committee in good faith in accordance with the Plan.

 

3


6. Distributions . Distributions on the LTIP Units shall be paid currently to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The right to distributions set forth in this Section 6 shall be deemed a Dividend Equivalent Right for purposes of the Plan.

7. Incorporation of Plan . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Award shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Partnership Agreement.

8. Covenants . The Grantee hereby covenants as follows:

(a) So long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, the Grantee shall disclose to ARP OP in writing such information as may be reasonably requested with respect to ownership of LTIP Units as ARP OP may deem reasonably necessary to ascertain and to establish compliance with provisions of the Code applicable to ARP OP or to comply with requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority.

(b) The Grantee hereby agrees to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code with respect to the LTIP Units awarded hereunder, and the Company hereby consents thereto. The Grantee has delivered with this Agreement a completed, executed copy of the election form attached hereto as Annex B . The Grantee agrees to file the election (or to permit ARP OP to file such election on the Grantee’s behalf) within thirty (30) days after the Closing Date with the IRS Service Center at which such Grantee files his personal income tax returns, and to file a copy of such election with the Grantee’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the LTIP Units are awarded to the Grantee.

(c) The Grantee hereby agrees that it does not have the intention to dispose of the LTIP Units subject to this Award within two years of receipt of such LTIP Units. ARP OP and the Grantee hereby agree to treat the Grantee as the owner of the LTIP Units from the Grant Date. The Grantee hereby agrees to take into account the distributive share of ARP OP income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with the LTIP Units in computing the Grantee’s income tax liability for the entire period during which the Grantee has the LTIP Units.

(d) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the IRS has proposed regulations under Sections 83 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations are finalized, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with ARP OP in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations.

(e) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would change the federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of LTIP Units.

 

4


9. Transferability . This Agreement is personal to the Grantee, is non-assignable and is not transferable in any manner, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, without the prior written consent of the Company.

10. Amendment . The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan may be amended or canceled or terminated in accordance with Article XVI thereof and that this Agreement may be amended or cancelled by the Committee, on behalf of ARP OP, for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under this Agreement without the Grantee’s written consent. The provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement applicable to the termination of the LTIP Units covered by this Award in connection with a Transaction (as defined in Section 5 of this Agreement) shall apply, mutatis mutandi to amendments, discontinuance or cancellation pursuant to this Section 10 or the Plan.

11. No Obligation to Continue Employment . Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company is obligated by or as a result of the Plan or this Agreement to continue the Grantee in employment and neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time.

12. Notices . Notices hereunder shall be mailed or delivered to ARP OP at its principal place of business and shall be mailed or delivered to the Grantee at the address on file with ARP OP or, in either case, at such other address as one party may subsequently furnish to the other party in writing.

13. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied without regard to conflict of law principles. The parties agree that any action or proceeding arising directly, indirectly or otherwise in connection with, out of , related to or from this Agreement, any breach hereof or any action covered hereby, shall be resolved within the State of Delaware and the parties hereto consent and submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona. The parties hereto further agree that any such action or proceeding brought by either party to enforce any right, assert any claim, obtain any relief whatsoever in connection with this Agreement shall be brought by such party exclusively in federal or state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

14. Closing Date . As used herein, “ Closing Date ” shall mean the date of the closing of issuance of common stock of the Company pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

[ Signatures appear on following page. ]

 

5


AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

a Maryland corporation

/s/ Laurie A. Hawkes

Name:   Laurie A. Hawkes
Title:   President
Date:   May 11, 2012
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.
a Delaware limited partnership
By:  

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC

its general partner

By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
  its sole member

/s/ Laurie A. Hawkes

Name:   Laurie A. Hawkes
Title:   President
Date:   May 11, 2012

The foregoing agreement is hereby accepted and the terms and conditions thereof hereby agreed to by the Grantee.

 

Date: May 11, 2012  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Grantee’s Signature
  Grantee’s name and address:
  Name: Stephen G. Schmitz
  Address:
 

 

 

 

 

 

[ Signature page to LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement – event-based ]


ANNEX A

FORM OF LIMITED PARTNER SIGNATURE PAGE

The Grantee, desiring to become one of the within named Partners of American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (“ ARP OP ”), hereby becomes a party to the Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “ Partnership Agreement ”) of ARP OP, by and among American Residential GP, LLC, as general partner (the “ General Partner ”), and the Limited Partners, effective as of the Closing Date (as defined in the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement, dated May 11, 2012, among the Grantee, ARP OP and the General Partner). The Grantee agrees to be bound by the Partnership Agreement. The Grantee also agrees that this signature page may be attached to, and hereby authorizes the General Partner to attach this signature page to, any counterpart of the Partnership Agreement.

 

Date: May 11, 2012  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Signature of Limited Partner
  Limited Partner’s name and address:
    Name: Stephen G. Schmitz
    Address:
   

 

   

 

   

 

Exhibit 10.9

[Event-based Vesting]

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Under the American Residential Properties, Inc.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Name of Grantee:   Laurie A. Hawkes
Number of LTIP Units:   125,986
Grant Date (Closing Date):   May 11, 2012
Final Acceptance Date:   May 11, 2012

Pursuant to the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”), as amended through the date hereof, and the Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of the Closing Date (as defined below) (the “ Partnership Agreement ”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ ARP OP ”), American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”) and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the general partner of ARP OP (the “ General Partner ”), and for the provision of services to or for the benefit of ARP OP in a partner capacity or in anticipation of being a partner, hereby grants to the Grantee named above an Other Equity-Based Award (as defined in the Plan) (an “ Award ”) in the form of, and by causing ARP OP to issue to the Grantee named above, the number of LTIP Units specified above having the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), the Grantee shall receive, effective as of the Closing Date, the number of LTIP Units specified above, subject to the restrictions and conditions set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Partnership Agreement, attached hereto as Annex A , or the Plan, as applicable, unless a different meaning is specified herein. Reference is made to that certain Employment Agreement entered into by and between the Company and the Grantee effective as of May 11, 2012 (the “ Employment Agreement ”).

1. Acceptance of Agreement . The Grantee shall have no rights with respect to this Agreement unless he or she shall have accepted this Agreement prior to the close of business on the Final Acceptance Date specified above by (i) signing and delivering to ARP OP a copy of this Agreement and (ii) unless the Grantee is already a Limited Partner, signing, as a Limited Partner, and delivering to ARP OP a counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Agreement by the Grantee, the Partnership Agreement shall be amended to reflect the issuance to the Grantee of the LTIP Units so accepted, effective as of the Closing Date. Thereupon, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner with respect to the number of LTIP Units specified above, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement, subject, however, to the restrictions and conditions specified in Section 2 below.


2. Restrictions and Conditions .

(a) The records of ARP OP evidencing the LTIP Units granted herein shall bear an appropriate legend, as determined by ARP OP in its sole discretion, to the effect that such LTIP Units are subject to restrictions as set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

(b) LTIP Units granted herein may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Grantee prior to vesting.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 below, any LTIP Units (and the proportionate amount of the Grantee’s Capital Account balance attributable to such LTIP Units) subject to this Award that have not become vested on or before the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) terminates shall be forfeited as of the date that such employment terminates.

3. Vesting of LTIP Units . The restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of this Agreement shall lapse with respect to all of the LTIP Units granted herein upon the first to occur of: (i) the date on which any shares of Common Stock become registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and listed on a national securities exchange; (ii) the date on which a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan) occurs; and (iii) the third anniversary of the Grant Date, in each case so long as the Grantee remains an employee of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until the date described in (i), (ii), or (iii) above, as applicable (each such date, a “ Vesting Date ”).

4. Acceleration of Vesting in Special Circumstances . All LTIP Units granted herein shall automatically become fully vested on the date specified below if the Grantee remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until such date:

(a) the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates ends on account of the Grantee’s termination of employment by the Company without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or the Grantee’s resignation with Good Reason (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or upon the Grantee’s resignation following receipt by the Grantee of notice by the Company of non-renewal of the Employment Agreement, so long as such resignation occurs within 90 days following the Grantee’s receipt of such notice of non-renewal; provided , that in each case the Grantee has satisfied the requirements of Section 5(b) of the Employment Agreement; or

(b) the date that the Grantee’s employment ends on account of the Grantee’s death or total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)).

5. Merger-Related Action . In contemplation of and subject to the consummation of a consolidation or merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in which outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities, cash, or other property of an unrelated corporation or business entity or in the event of a liquidation of the Company (in each case, a “ Transaction ”), the Board of Directors of the Company, or the board of trustees or

 

2


directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the Company (the “ Acquiror ”), may, in its discretion, take any one or more of the following actions, as to the outstanding LTIP Units subject to this Award: (i) provide that such LTIP Units shall be assumed or equivalent awards shall be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding entity (or an affiliate thereof), and/or (ii) upon prior written notice to the LTIP Unitholders (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of not less than 30 days, provide that such LTIP Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction. The right to take such actions (each, a “ Merger-Related Action ”) shall be subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

(a) if all LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are eligible, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, for conversion into Common Units (as defined in and in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) and the Grantee is afforded the opportunity to effect such conversion and receive, in consideration for the Common Units into which his LTIP Units shall have been converted, the same kind and amount of consideration as other holders of Common Units in connection with the Transaction, then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in (i) or (ii) above shall be permitted and available to the Company and the Acquiror;

(b) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and the acquiring or succeeding entity is itself, or has a subsidiary which is organized as a partnership or limited liability company (consisting of a so-called “UPREIT” or other structure substantially similar in purpose or effect to that of the Company and ARP OP), then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (i) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Acquiror with respect to all LTIP Units subject to this Award which are not so convertible at the time, whereby all such LTIP Units covered by this Award shall be assumed by the acquiring or succeeding entity, or equivalent awards shall be substituted by the acquiring or succeeding entity, and the acquiring or succeeding entity shall preserve with respect to the assumed LTIP Units or any securities to be substituted for such LTIP Units, as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances, the distribution, special allocation, conversion and other rights set forth in the Partnership Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders; and

(c) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and after exercise of reasonable commercial efforts the Company or the Acquiror is unable to treat the LTIP Units in accordance with Section 5(b) , then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (ii) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Company or the Acquiror, in which case such action shall be subject to a provision that the settlement of the terminated award of LTIP Units which are not convertible into Common Units requires a payment of the same kind and amount of consideration payable in connection with the Transaction to a holder of the number of Common Units into which the LTIP Units to be terminated could be converted or, if greater, the consideration payable to holders of the number of common shares into which such Common Units could be exchanged (including the right to make elections as to the type of consideration) if the Transaction were of a nature that permitted a revaluation of the Grantee’s capital account balance under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, as determined by the Committee in good faith in accordance with the Plan.

 

3


6. Distributions . Distributions on the LTIP Units shall be paid currently to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The right to distributions set forth in this Section 6 shall be deemed a Dividend Equivalent Right for purposes of the Plan.

7. Incorporation of Plan . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Award shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Partnership Agreement.

8. Covenants . The Grantee hereby covenants as follows:

(a) So long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, the Grantee shall disclose to ARP OP in writing such information as may be reasonably requested with respect to ownership of LTIP Units as ARP OP may deem reasonably necessary to ascertain and to establish compliance with provisions of the Code applicable to ARP OP or to comply with requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority.

(b) The Grantee hereby agrees to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code with respect to the LTIP Units awarded hereunder, and the Company hereby consents thereto. The Grantee has delivered with this Agreement a completed, executed copy of the election form attached hereto as Annex B . The Grantee agrees to file the election (or to permit ARP OP to file such election on the Grantee’s behalf) within thirty (30) days after the Closing Date with the IRS Service Center at which such Grantee files his personal income tax returns, and to file a copy of such election with the Grantee’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the LTIP Units are awarded to the Grantee.

(c) The Grantee hereby agrees that it does not have the intention to dispose of the LTIP Units subject to this Award within two years of receipt of such LTIP Units. ARP OP and the Grantee hereby agree to treat the Grantee as the owner of the LTIP Units from the Grant Date. The Grantee hereby agrees to take into account the distributive share of ARP OP income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with the LTIP Units in computing the Grantee’s income tax liability for the entire period during which the Grantee has the LTIP Units.

(d) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the IRS has proposed regulations under Sections 83 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations are finalized, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with ARP OP in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations.

(e) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would change the federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of LTIP Units.

 

4


9. Transferability . This Agreement is personal to the Grantee, is non-assignable and is not transferable in any manner, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, without the prior written consent of the Company.

10. Amendment . The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan may be amended or canceled or terminated in accordance with Article XVI thereof and that this Agreement may be amended or cancelled by the Committee, on behalf of ARP OP, for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under this Agreement without the Grantee’s written consent. The provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement applicable to the termination of the LTIP Units covered by this Award in connection with a Transaction (as defined in Section 5 of this Agreement) shall apply, mutatis mutandi to amendments, discontinuance or cancellation pursuant to this Section 10 or the Plan.

11. No Obligation to Continue Employment . Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company is obligated by or as a result of the Plan or this Agreement to continue the Grantee in employment and neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time.

12. Notices . Notices hereunder shall be mailed or delivered to ARP OP at its principal place of business and shall be mailed or delivered to the Grantee at the address on file with ARP OP or, in either case, at such other address as one party may subsequently furnish to the other party in writing.

13. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied without regard to conflict of law principles. The parties agree that any action or proceeding arising directly, indirectly or otherwise in connection with, out of , related to or from this Agreement, any breach hereof or any action covered hereby, shall be resolved within the State of Delaware and the parties hereto consent and submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona. The parties hereto further agree that any such action or proceeding brought by either party to enforce any right, assert any claim, obtain any relief whatsoever in connection with this Agreement shall be brought by such party exclusively in federal or state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

14. Closing Date . As used herein, “ Closing Date ” shall mean the date of the closing of issuance of common stock of the Company pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

[ Signatures appear on following page. ]

 

5


AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

a Maryland corporation

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
Date:   May 11, 2012
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.
a Delaware limited partnership
By:  

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC

its general partner

By:  

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

its sole member

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
Date:   May 11, 2012

The foregoing agreement is hereby accepted and the terms and conditions thereof hereby agreed to by the Grantee.

 

Date: May 11, 2012  

/s/ Laurie A. Hawkes

  Grantee’s Signature
  Grantee’s name and address:
  Name:     Laurie A. Hawkes
  Address:
 

 

 

 

 

 

[ Signature page to LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement – event-based ]


ANNEX A

FORM OF LIMITED PARTNER SIGNATURE PAGE

The Grantee, desiring to become one of the within named Partners of American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (“ ARP OP ”), hereby becomes a party to the Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “ Partnership Agreement ”) of ARP OP, by and among American Residential GP, LLC, as general partner (the “ General Partner ”), and the Limited Partners, effective as of the Closing Date (as defined in the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement, dated May 11, 2012, among the Grantee, ARP OP and the General Partner). The Grantee agrees to be bound by the Partnership Agreement. The Grantee also agrees that this signature page may be attached to, and hereby authorizes the General Partner to attach this signature page to, any counterpart of the Partnership Agreement.

 

Date: May 11, 2012  

/s/ Laurie A. Hawkes

  Signature of Limited Partner
  Limited Partner’s name and address:
    Name:     Laurie A. Hawkes
    Address:
   

 

   

 

   

 

Exhibit 10.10

[Additional LTIP Units for > 10M shares]

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Under the American Residential Properties, Inc.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Name of Grantee:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Number of LTIP Units:   10,489
Grant Date (Closing Date):   May 11, 2012
Final Acceptance Date:   May 11, 2012

Pursuant to the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”), as amended through the date hereof, and the Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of the Closing Date (as defined below) (the “ Partnership Agreement ”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ ARP OP ”), American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”) and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the general partner of ARP OP (the “ General Partner ”), and for the provision of services to or for the benefit of ARP OP in a partner capacity or in anticipation of being a partner , hereby grants to the Grantee named above an Other Equity-Based Award (as defined in the Plan) (an “ Award ”) in the form of, and by causing ARP OP to issue to the Grantee named above, the number of LTIP Units specified above having the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), the Grantee shall receive, effective as of the Closing Date, the number of LTIP Units specified above, subject to the restrictions and conditions set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Partnership Agreement, attached hereto as Annex A , or the Plan, as applicable, unless a different meaning is specified herein. Reference is made to that certain Employment Agreement entered into by and between the Company and the Grantee effective as of May 11, 2012 (the “ Employment Agreement ”).

1. Acceptance of Agreement . The Grantee shall have no rights with respect to this Agreement unless he or she shall have accepted this Agreement prior to the close of business on the Final Acceptance Date specified above by (i) signing and delivering to ARP OP a copy of this Agreement and (ii) unless the Grantee is already a Limited Partner, signing, as a Limited Partner, and delivering to ARP OP a counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Agreement by the Grantee, the Partnership Agreement shall be amended to reflect the issuance to the Grantee of the LTIP Units so accepted, effective as of the Closing Date. Thereupon, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner with respect to the number of LTIP Units specified above, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement, subject, however, to the restrictions and conditions specified in Section 2 below.


2. Restrictions and Conditions .

(a) The records of ARP OP evidencing the LTIP Units granted herein shall bear an appropriate legend, as determined by ARP OP in its sole discretion, to the effect that such LTIP Units are subject to restrictions as set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

(b) LTIP Units granted herein may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Grantee prior to vesting.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 below, any LTIP Units (and the proportionate amount of the Grantee’s Capital Account balance attributable to such LTIP Units) subject to this Award that have not become vested on or before the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) terminates shall be forfeited as of the date that such employment terminates.

3. Vesting of LTIP Units . 5,245 LTIP Units granted pursuant to this Agreement shall be vested upon grant and shall not be subject to the restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) . The restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of this Agreement shall lapse with respect to the remainder of the LTIP Units granted herein (the “ Unvested LTIP Units ”) upon the first to occur of: (i) the date on which any shares of Common Stock become registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and listed on a national securities exchange; (ii) the date on which a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan) occurs; and (3) the third anniversary of the Grant Date, in each case so long as the Grantee remains an employee of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until the date described in (i), (ii), or (iii) above, as applicable (each such date, a “ Vesting Date ”).

4. Acceleration of Vesting in Special Circumstances . All LTIP Units granted herein shall automatically become fully vested on the date specified below if the Grantee remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until such date:

(a) the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates ends on account of the Grantee’s termination of employment by the Company without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or the Grantee’s resignation with Good Reason (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or upon the Grantee’s resignation following receipt by the Grantee of notice by the Company of non-renewal of the Employment Agreement, so long as such resignation occurs within 90 days following the Grantee’s receipt of such notice of non-renewal; provided , that in each case the Grantee has satisfied the requirements of Section 5(b) of the Employment Agreement; or

(b) the date that the Grantee’s employment ends on account of the Grantee’s death or total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)).

 

2


5. Merger-Related Action . In contemplation of and subject to the consummation of a consolidation or merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in which outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities, cash, or other property of an unrelated corporation or business entity or in the event of a liquidation of the Company (in each case, a “ Transaction ”), the Board of Directors of the Company, or the board of trustees or directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the Company (the “ Acquiror ”), may, in its discretion, take any one or more of the following actions, as to the outstanding LTIP Units subject to this Award: (i) provide that such LTIP Units shall be assumed or equivalent awards shall be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding entity (or an affiliate thereof), and/or (ii) upon prior written notice to the LTIP Unitholders (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of not less than 30 days, provide that such LTIP Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction. The right to take such actions (each, a “ Merger-Related Action ”) shall be subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

(a) if all LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are eligible, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, for conversion into Common Units (as defined in and in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) and the Grantee is afforded the opportunity to effect such conversion and receive, in consideration for the Common Units into which his LTIP Units shall have been converted, the same kind and amount of consideration as other holders of Common Units in connection with the Transaction, then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in (i) or (ii) above shall be permitted and available to the Company and the Acquiror;

(b) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and the acquiring or succeeding entity is itself, or has a subsidiary which is organized as a partnership or limited liability company (consisting of a so-called “ UPREIT ” or other structure substantially similar in purpose or effect to that of the Company and ARP OP), then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (i) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Acquiror with respect to all LTIP Units subject to this Award which are not so convertible at the time, whereby all such LTIP Units covered by this Award shall be assumed by the acquiring or succeeding entity, or equivalent awards shall be substituted by the acquiring or succeeding entity, and the acquiring or succeeding entity shall preserve with respect to the assumed LTIP Units or any securities to be substituted for such LTIP Units, as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances, the distribution, special allocation, conversion and other rights set forth in the Partnership Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders; and

(c) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and after exercise of reasonable commercial efforts the Company or the Acquiror is unable to treat the LTIP Units in accordance with Section 5(b) , then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (ii) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Company or the Acquiror, in which case such action shall be subject to a provision that the settlement of the terminated award of LTIP Units which are not convertible into Common Units requires a payment of the same kind and amount of consideration payable in connection with the Transaction to a holder of the number of Common Units into which the

 

3


LTIP Units to be terminated could be converted or, if greater, the consideration payable to holders of the number of common shares into which such Common Units could be exchanged (including the right to make elections as to the type of consideration) if the Transaction were of a nature that permitted a revaluation of the Grantee’s capital account balance under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, as determined by the Committee in good faith in accordance with the Plan.

6. Distributions . Distributions on the LTIP Units shall be paid currently to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The right to distributions set forth in this Section 6 shall be deemed a Dividend Equivalent Right for purposes of the Plan.

7. Incorporation of Plan . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Award shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Partnership Agreement.

8. Covenants . The Grantee hereby covenants as follows:

(a) So long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, the Grantee shall disclose to ARP OP in writing such information as may be reasonably requested with respect to ownership of LTIP Units as ARP OP may deem reasonably necessary to ascertain and to establish compliance with provisions of the Code applicable to ARP OP or to comply with requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority.

(b) The Grantee hereby agrees to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code with respect to the Unvested LTIP Units awarded hereunder, and the Company hereby consents thereto. The Grantee has delivered with this Agreement a completed, executed copy of the election form attached hereto as Annex B . The Grantee agrees to file the election (or to permit ARP OP to file such election on the Grantee’s behalf) within thirty (30) days after the Closing Date with the IRS Service Center at which such Grantee files his personal income tax returns, and to file a copy of such election with the Grantee’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the LTIP Units are awarded to the Grantee.

(c) The Grantee hereby agrees that it does not have the intention to dispose of the LTIP Units subject to this Award within two years of receipt of such LTIP Units. ARP OP and the Grantee hereby agree to treat the Grantee as the owner of the LTIP Units from the Grant Date. The Grantee hereby agrees to take into account the distributive share of ARP OP income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with the LTIP Units in computing the Grantee’s income tax liability for the entire period during which the Grantee has the LTIP Units.

(d) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the IRS has proposed regulations under Sections 83 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations are finalized, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with ARP OP in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations.

(e) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would change the federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of LTIP Units.

 

4


9. Transferability . This Agreement is personal to the Grantee, is non-assignable and is not transferable in any manner, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, without the prior written consent of the Company.

10. Amendment . The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan may be amended or canceled or terminated in accordance with Article XVI thereof and that this Agreement may be amended or cancelled by the Committee, on behalf of ARP OP, for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under this Agreement without the Grantee’s written consent. The provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement applicable to the termination of the LTIP Units covered by this Award in connection with a Transaction (as defined in Section 5 of this Agreement) shall apply, mutatis mutandi to amendments, discontinuance or cancellation pursuant to this Section 10 or the Plan.

11. No Obligation to Continue Employment . Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company is obligated by or as a result of the Plan or this Agreement to continue the Grantee in employment and neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time.

12. Notices . Notices hereunder shall be mailed or delivered to ARP OP at its principal place of business and shall be mailed or delivered to the Grantee at the address on file with ARP OP or, in either case, at such other address as one party may subsequently furnish to the other party in writing.

13. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied without regard to conflict of law principles. The parties agree that any action or proceeding arising directly, indirectly or otherwise in connection with, out of , related to or from this Agreement, any breach hereof or any action covered hereby, shall be resolved within the State of Delaware and the parties hereto consent and submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona. The parties hereto further agree that any such action or proceeding brought by either party to enforce any right, assert any claim, obtain any relief whatsoever in connection with this Agreement shall be brought by such party exclusively in federal or state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

14. Closing Date . As used herein, “ Closing Date ” shall mean the date of the closing of issuance of common stock of the Company pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

[ Signatures appear on following page. ]

 

5


AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

a Maryland corporation

/s/ Laurie A. Hawkes

Name:   Laurie A. Hawkes
Title:   President
Date:   May 11, 2012

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.

a Delaware limited partnership

By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC
  its general partner
By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
  its sole member

/s/ Laurie A. Hawkes

Name:   Laurie A. Hawkes
Title:   President
Date:   May 11, 2012

The foregoing agreement is hereby accepted and the terms and conditions thereof hereby agreed to by the Grantee.

 

Date: May 11, 2012  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Grantee’s Signature
  Grantee’s name and address:
  Name:  Stephen G. Schmitz
  Address:
 

 

 

 

 

 

[ Signature page to LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement – half immediate, half event-based ]

Exhibit 10.11

[Additional LTIP Units for > 10M shares]

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Under the American Residential Properties, Inc.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Name of Grantee:   Laurie A. Hawkes
Number of LTIP Units:   10,489
Grant Date (Closing Date):   May 11, 2012
Final Acceptance Date:   May 11, 2012

Pursuant to the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”), as amended through the date hereof, and the Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of the Closing Date (as defined below) (the “ Partnership Agreement ”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ ARP OP ”), American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”) and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the general partner of ARP OP (the “ General Partner ”), and for the provision of services to or for the benefit of ARP OP in a partner capacity or in anticipation of being a partner , hereby grants to the Grantee named above an Other Equity-Based Award (as defined in the Plan) (an “ Award ”) in the form of, and by causing ARP OP to issue to the Grantee named above, the number of LTIP Units specified above having the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), the Grantee shall receive, effective as of the Closing Date, the number of LTIP Units specified above, subject to the restrictions and conditions set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Partnership Agreement, attached hereto as Annex A , or the Plan, as applicable, unless a different meaning is specified herein. Reference is made to that certain Employment Agreement entered into by and between the Company and the Grantee effective as of May 11, 2012 (the “ Employment Agreement ”).

1. Acceptance of Agreement . The Grantee shall have no rights with respect to this Agreement unless he or she shall have accepted this Agreement prior to the close of business on the Final Acceptance Date specified above by (i) signing and delivering to ARP OP a copy of this Agreement and (ii) unless the Grantee is already a Limited Partner, signing, as a Limited Partner, and delivering to ARP OP a counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Agreement by the Grantee, the Partnership Agreement shall be amended to reflect the issuance to the Grantee of the LTIP Units so accepted, effective as of the Closing Date. Thereupon, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner with respect to the number of LTIP Units specified above, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement, subject, however, to the restrictions and conditions specified in Section 2 below.


2. Restrictions and Conditions .

(a) The records of ARP OP evidencing the LTIP Units granted herein shall bear an appropriate legend, as determined by ARP OP in its sole discretion, to the effect that such LTIP Units are subject to restrictions as set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

(b) LTIP Units granted herein may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Grantee prior to vesting.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 below, any LTIP Units (and the proportionate amount of the Grantee’s Capital Account balance attributable to such LTIP Units) subject to this Award that have not become vested on or before the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) terminates shall be forfeited as of the date that such employment terminates.

3. Vesting of LTIP Units . 5,245 LTIP Units granted pursuant to this Agreement shall be vested upon grant and shall not be subject to the restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) . The restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of this Agreement shall lapse with respect to the remainder of the LTIP Units granted herein (the “ Unvested LTIP Units ”) upon the first to occur of: (i) the date on which any shares of Common Stock become registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section 5 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and listed on a national securities exchange; (ii) the date on which a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan) occurs; and (3) the third anniversary of the Grant Date, in each case so long as the Grantee remains an employee of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until the date described in (i), (ii), or (iii) above, as applicable (each such date, a “ Vesting Date ”).

4. Acceleration of Vesting in Special Circumstances . All LTIP Units granted herein shall automatically become fully vested on the date specified below if the Grantee remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until such date:

(a) the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates ends on account of the Grantee’s termination of employment by the Company without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or the Grantee’s resignation with Good Reason (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or upon the Grantee’s resignation following receipt by the Grantee of notice by the Company of non-renewal of the Employment Agreement, so long as such resignation occurs within 90 days following the Grantee’s receipt of such notice of non-renewal; provided , that in each case the Grantee has satisfied the requirements of Section 5(b) of the Employment Agreement; or

(b) the date that the Grantee’s employment ends on account of the Grantee’s death or total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)).

 

2


5. Merger-Related Action . In contemplation of and subject to the consummation of a consolidation or merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in which outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities, cash, or other property of an unrelated corporation or business entity or in the event of a liquidation of the Company (in each case, a “ Transaction ”), the Board of Directors of the Company, or the board of trustees or directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the Company (the “ Acquiror ”), may, in its discretion, take any one or more of the following actions, as to the outstanding LTIP Units subject to this Award: (i) provide that such LTIP Units shall be assumed or equivalent awards shall be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding entity (or an affiliate thereof), and/or (ii) upon prior written notice to the LTIP Unitholders (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of not less than 30 days, provide that such LTIP Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction. The right to take such actions (each, a “ Merger-Related Action ”) shall be subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

(a) if all LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are eligible, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, for conversion into Common Units (as defined in and in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) and the Grantee is afforded the opportunity to effect such conversion and receive, in consideration for the Common Units into which his LTIP Units shall have been converted, the same kind and amount of consideration as other holders of Common Units in connection with the Transaction, then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in (i) or (ii) above shall be permitted and available to the Company and the Acquiror;

(b) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and the acquiring or succeeding entity is itself, or has a subsidiary which is organized as a partnership or limited liability company (consisting of a so-called “ UPREIT ” or other structure substantially similar in purpose or effect to that of the Company and ARP OP), then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (i) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Acquiror with respect to all LTIP Units subject to this Award which are not so convertible at the time, whereby all such LTIP Units covered by this Award shall be assumed by the acquiring or succeeding entity, or equivalent awards shall be substituted by the acquiring or succeeding entity, and the acquiring or succeeding entity shall preserve with respect to the assumed LTIP Units or any securities to be substituted for such LTIP Units, as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances, the distribution, special allocation, conversion and other rights set forth in the Partnership Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders; and

(c) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and after exercise of reasonable commercial efforts the Company or the Acquiror is unable to treat the LTIP Units in accordance with Section 5(b) , then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (ii) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Company or the Acquiror, in which case such action shall be subject to a provision that the settlement of the terminated award of LTIP Units which are not convertible into Common Units requires a payment of the same kind and amount of consideration payable in connection with the Transaction to a holder of the number of Common Units into which the

 

3


LTIP Units to be terminated could be converted or, if greater, the consideration payable to holders of the number of common shares into which such Common Units could be exchanged (including the right to make elections as to the type of consideration) if the Transaction were of a nature that permitted a revaluation of the Grantee’s capital account balance under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, as determined by the Committee in good faith in accordance with the Plan.

6. Distributions . Distributions on the LTIP Units shall be paid currently to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The right to distributions set forth in this Section 6 shall be deemed a Dividend Equivalent Right for purposes of the Plan.

7. Incorporation of Plan . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Award shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Partnership Agreement.

8. Covenants . The Grantee hereby covenants as follows:

(a) So long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, the Grantee shall disclose to ARP OP in writing such information as may be reasonably requested with respect to ownership of LTIP Units as ARP OP may deem reasonably necessary to ascertain and to establish compliance with provisions of the Code applicable to ARP OP or to comply with requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority.

(b) The Grantee hereby agrees to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code with respect to the Unvested LTIP Units awarded hereunder, and the Company hereby consents thereto. The Grantee has delivered with this Agreement a completed, executed copy of the election form attached hereto as Annex B . The Grantee agrees to file the election (or to permit ARP OP to file such election on the Grantee’s behalf) within thirty (30) days after the Closing Date with the IRS Service Center at which such Grantee files his personal income tax returns, and to file a copy of such election with the Grantee’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the LTIP Units are awarded to the Grantee.

(c) The Grantee hereby agrees that it does not have the intention to dispose of the LTIP Units subject to this Award within two years of receipt of such LTIP Units. ARP OP and the Grantee hereby agree to treat the Grantee as the owner of the LTIP Units from the Grant Date. The Grantee hereby agrees to take into account the distributive share of ARP OP income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with the LTIP Units in computing the Grantee’s income tax liability for the entire period during which the Grantee has the LTIP Units.

(d) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the IRS has proposed regulations under Sections 83 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations are finalized, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with ARP OP in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations.

(e) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would change the federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of LTIP Units.

 

4


9. Transferability . This Agreement is personal to the Grantee, is non-assignable and is not transferable in any manner, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, without the prior written consent of the Company.

10. Amendment . The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan may be amended or canceled or terminated in accordance with Article XVI thereof and that this Agreement may be amended or cancelled by the Committee, on behalf of ARP OP, for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under this Agreement without the Grantee’s written consent. The provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement applicable to the termination of the LTIP Units covered by this Award in connection with a Transaction (as defined in Section 5 of this Agreement) shall apply, mutatis mutandi to amendments, discontinuance or cancellation pursuant to this Section 10 or the Plan.

11. No Obligation to Continue Employment . Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company is obligated by or as a result of the Plan or this Agreement to continue the Grantee in employment and neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time.

12. Notices . Notices hereunder shall be mailed or delivered to ARP OP at its principal place of business and shall be mailed or delivered to the Grantee at the address on file with ARP OP or, in either case, at such other address as one party may subsequently furnish to the other party in writing.

13. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied without regard to conflict of law principles. The parties agree that any action or proceeding arising directly, indirectly or otherwise in connection with, out of , related to or from this Agreement, any breach hereof or any action covered hereby, shall be resolved within the State of Delaware and the parties hereto consent and submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona. The parties hereto further agree that any such action or proceeding brought by either party to enforce any right, assert any claim, obtain any relief whatsoever in connection with this Agreement shall be brought by such party exclusively in federal or state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

14. Closing Date . As used herein, “ Closing Date ” shall mean the date of the closing of issuance of common stock of the Company pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

[ Signatures appear on following page. ]

 

5


AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

a Maryland corporation

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
Date:   May 11, 2012

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.

a Delaware limited partnership

By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC
  its general partner
By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
  its sole member

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   Chief Executive Officer
Date:   May 11, 2012

The foregoing agreement is hereby accepted and the terms and conditions thereof hereby agreed to by the Grantee.

 

Date: May 11, 2012    

/s/ Laurie A. Hawkes

    Grantee’s Signature
    Grantee’s name and address:
    Name:  Laurie A. Hawkes
    Address:
   

 

   

 

   

 

[ Signature page to LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement – half immediate, half event-based ]

Exhibit 10.12

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Under the American Residential Properties, Inc.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Name of Grantee: Shant Koumriqian
Number of LTIP Units: 5,000
Grant Date (Closing Date): November 7, 2012
Final Acceptance Date: November 7, 2012

Pursuant to the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”), as amended through the date hereof, and the Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of May 11, 2012 (the “ Partnership Agreement ”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ ARP OP ”), American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”) and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the general partner of ARP OP (the “ General Partner ”), and for the provision of services to or for the benefit of ARP OP in a partner capacity or in anticipation of being a partner , hereby grants to the Grantee named above an Other Equity-Based Award (as defined in the Plan) (an “ Award ”) in the form of, and by causing ARP OP to issue to the Grantee named above, the number of LTIP Units specified above having the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), the Grantee shall receive, effective as of the Grant Date, the number of LTIP Units specified above, subject to the restrictions and conditions set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Partnership Agreement, attached hereto as Annex A , or the Plan, as applicable, unless a different meaning is specified herein. Reference is made to that certain Employment Agreement entered into by and between the Company and the Grantee, effective as of October 15, 2012 (the “ Employment Agreement ”).

1.     Acceptance of Agreement . The Grantee shall have no rights with respect to this Agreement unless he or she shall have accepted this Agreement prior to the close of business on the Final Acceptance Date specified above by (i) signing and delivering to ARP OP a copy of this Agreement and (ii) unless the Grantee is already a Limited Partner, signing, as a Limited Partner, and delivering to ARP OP a counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Agreement by the Grantee, the Partnership Agreement shall be amended to reflect the issuance to the Grantee of the LTIP Units so accepted, effective as of the Grant Date. Thereupon, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner with respect to the number of LTIP Units specified above, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement, subject, however, to the restrictions and conditions specified in Section 2 below.


2.     Restrictions and Conditions .

(a) The records of ARP OP evidencing the LTIP Units granted herein shall bear an appropriate legend, as determined by ARP OP in its sole discretion, to the effect that such LTIP Units are subject to restrictions as set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

(b) LTIP Units granted herein may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Grantee prior to vesting.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 below, any LTIP Units (and the proportionate amount of the Grantee’s Capital Account balance attributable to such LTIP Units) subject to this Award that have not become vested on or before the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) terminates shall be forfeited as of the date that such employment terminates.

3.     Vesting of LTIP Units . The restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of this Agreement shall lapse with respect to the LTIP Units granted herein in the amounts and on the Vesting Dates specified below:

 

Number of

LTIP Units Vested

  

Vesting Dates

1,667

   November 7, 2012

1,667

   November 7, 2013

1,666

   November 7, 2014

4.     Acceleration of Vesting in Special Circumstances . All LTIP Units granted herein shall automatically become fully vested on the date specified below if the Grantee remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Grant Date until such date:

(a) the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates ends on account of the Grantee’s termination of employment by the Company without Cause (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or the Grantee’s resignation with Good Reason (as defined in the Employment Agreement) or upon the Grantee’s resignation following receipt by the Grantee of notice by the Company of non-renewal of the Employment Agreement, so long as such resignation occurs within 90 days following the Grantee’s receipt of such notice of non-renewal; provided , that in each case the Grantee has satisfied the requirements of Section 5(b) of the Employment Agreement; or

(b) the date that the Grantee’s employment ends on account of the Grantee’s death or total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)).

5.     Merger-Related Action . In contemplation of and subject to the consummation of a consolidation or merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in which outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities, cash, or other property of an

 

2


unrelated corporation or business entity or in the event of a liquidation of the Company (in each case, a “ Transaction ”), the Board of Directors of the Company, or the board of trustees or directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the Company (the “ Acquiror ”), may, in its discretion, take any one or more of the following actions, as to the outstanding LTIP Units subject to this Award: (i) provide that such LTIP Units shall be assumed or equivalent awards shall be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding entity (or an affiliate thereof), and/or (ii) upon prior written notice to the LTIP Unitholders (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of not less than 30 days, provide that such LTIP Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction. The right to take such actions (each, a “ Merger-Related Action ”) shall be subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

(a) if all LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are eligible, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, for conversion into Common Units (as defined in and in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) and the Grantee is afforded the opportunity to effect such conversion and receive, in consideration for the Common Units into which his LTIP Units shall have been converted, the same kind and amount of consideration as other holders of Common Units in connection with the Transaction, then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in (i) or (ii) above shall be permitted and available to the Company and the Acquiror;

(b) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and the acquiring or succeeding entity is itself, or has a subsidiary which is organized as a partnership or limited liability company (consisting of a so-called “UPREIT” or other structure substantially similar in purpose or effect to that of the Company and ARP OP), then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (i) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Acquiror with respect to all LTIP Units subject to this Award which are not so convertible at the time, whereby all such LTIP Units covered by this Award shall be assumed by the acquiring or succeeding entity, or equivalent awards shall be substituted by the acquiring or succeeding entity, and the acquiring or succeeding entity shall preserve with respect to the assumed LTIP Units or any securities to be substituted for such LTIP Units, as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances, the distribution, special allocation, conversion and other rights set forth in the Partnership Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders; and

(c) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and after exercise of reasonable commercial efforts the Company or the Acquiror is unable to treat the LTIP Units in accordance with Section 5(b) , then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (ii) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Company or the Acquiror, in which case such action shall be subject to a provision that the settlement of the terminated award of LTIP Units which are not convertible into Common Units requires a payment of the same kind and amount of consideration payable in connection with the Transaction to a holder of the number of Common Units into which the LTIP Units to be terminated could be converted or, if greater, the consideration payable to holders of the number of common shares into which such Common Units could be exchanged (including the right to make elections as to the type of consideration) if the Transaction were of a nature that permitted a revaluation of the Grantee’s capital account balance under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, as determined by the Committee in good faith in accordance with the Plan.

 

3


6.     Distributions . Distributions on the LTIP Units shall be paid currently to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The right to distributions set forth in this Section 6 shall be deemed a Dividend Equivalent Right for purposes of the Plan.

7.     Incorporation of Plan . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Award shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Partnership Agreement.

8.     Covenants . The Grantee hereby covenants as follows:

(a) So long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, the Grantee shall disclose to ARP OP in writing such information as may be reasonably requested with respect to ownership of LTIP Units as ARP OP may deem reasonably necessary to ascertain and to establish compliance with provisions of the Code applicable to ARP OP or to comply with requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority.

(b) The Grantee hereby agrees that it does not have the intention to dispose of the LTIP Units subject to this Award within two years of receipt of such LTIP Units. ARP OP and the Grantee hereby agree to treat the Grantee as the owner of the LTIP Units from the Grant Date. The Grantee hereby agrees to take into account the distributive share of ARP OP income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with the LTIP Units in computing the Grantee’s income tax liability for the entire period during which the Grantee has the LTIP Units.

(c) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the IRS has proposed regulations under Sections 83 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations are finalized, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with ARP OP in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations.

(d) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would change the federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of LTIP Units.

9.     Transferability . This Agreement is personal to the Grantee, is non-assignable and is not transferable in any manner, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, without the prior written consent of the Company.

10.     Amendment . The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan may be amended or canceled or terminated in accordance with Article XVI thereof and that this Agreement may be amended or cancelled by the Committee, on behalf of ARP OP, for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under this Agreement without the Grantee’s written consent. The

 

4


provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement applicable to the termination of the LTIP Units covered by this Award in connection with a Transaction (as defined in Section 5 of this Agreement) shall apply, mutatis mutandi to amendments, discontinuance or cancellation pursuant to this Section 10 or the Plan.

11.     No Obligation to Continue Employment . Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company is obligated by or as a result of the Plan or this Agreement to continue the Grantee in employment and neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time.

12.     Notices . Notices hereunder shall be mailed or delivered to ARP OP at its principal place of business and shall be mailed or delivered to the Grantee at the address on file with ARP OP or, in either case, at such other address as one party may subsequently furnish to the other party in writing.

13.     Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied without regard to conflict of law principles. The parties agree that any action or proceeding arising directly, indirectly or otherwise in connection with, out of , related to or from this Agreement, any breach hereof or any action covered hereby, shall be resolved within the State of Delaware and the parties hereto consent and submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona. The parties hereto further agree that any such action or proceeding brought by either party to enforce any right, assert any claim, obtain any relief whatsoever in connection with this Agreement shall be brought by such party exclusively in federal or state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

14.     Closing Date . As used herein, “ Closing Date ” shall mean the date of the closing of issuance of common stock of the Company pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

[ Signatures appear on following page. ]

 

5


AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

a Maryland corporation

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:  Stephen G. Schmitz

Title:    CEO

Date:    November 7, 2012

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.

a Delaware limited partnership

By:    AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC

its general partner

By:    AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

its sole member

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:  Stephen G. Schmitz

Title:    CEO

Date:    November 7, 2012

The foregoing agreement is hereby accepted and the terms and conditions thereof hereby agreed to by the Grantee.

 

Date: November 7, 2012           / s/ Shant Koumriqian
          Grantee’s Signature

 

Grantee’s name and address:

Name: Shant Koumriqian

Address:

   
   
   

[ Signature page to LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement – time-based – Steve and Laurie ]


ANNEX A

FORM OF LIMITED PARTNER SIGNATURE PAGE

The Grantee desiring to become one of the within named Partners of American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (“ ARP OP ”), hereby becomes a party to the Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “ Partnership Agreement ”) of ARP OP, by and among American Residential GP, LLC, as general partner (the “ General Partner ”), and the Limited Partners, effective as of the Grant Date. The Grantee agrees to be bound by the Partnership Agreement. The Grantee also agrees that this signature page may be attached to, and hereby authorizes the General Partner to attach this signature page to, any counterpart of the Partnership Agreement.

 

Date: November 7, 2012     /s/ Shant Koumriqian
    Signature of Limited Partner
    Limited Partner’s name and address:
    Name: Shant Koumriqian
    Address:
     
     
     

Exhibit 10.13

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Under the American Residential Properties, Inc.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Name of Grantee:    Andrew G. Kent
Number of LTIP Units:    2,500
Grant Date (Closing Date):    May 14, 2012
Final Acceptance Date:    May 14, 2012

Pursuant to the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”), as amended through the date hereof, and the Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of the Closing Date (as defined below) (the “ Partnership Agreement ”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ ARP OP ”), American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”) and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the general partner of ARP OP (the “ General Partner ”), and for the provision of services to or for the benefit of ARP OP in a partner capacity or in anticipation of being a partner , hereby grants to the Grantee named above an Other Equity-Based Award (as defined in the Plan) (an “ Award ”) in the form of, and by causing ARP OP to issue to the Grantee named above, the number of LTIP Units specified above having the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), the Grantee shall receive, effective as of the Closing Date, the number of LTIP Units specified above, subject to the restrictions and conditions set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Partnership Agreement, attached hereto as Annex A , or the Plan, as applicable, unless a different meaning is specified herein.

1. Acceptance of Agreement . The Grantee shall have no rights with respect to this Agreement unless he or she shall have accepted this Agreement prior to the close of business on the Final Acceptance Date specified above by (i) signing and delivering to ARP OP a copy of this Agreement and (ii) unless the Grantee is already a Limited Partner, signing, as a Limited Partner, and delivering to ARP OP a counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Agreement by the Grantee, the Partnership Agreement shall be amended to reflect the issuance to the Grantee of the LTIP Units so accepted, effective as of the Closing Date. Thereupon, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner with respect to the number of LTIP Units specified above, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement, subject, however, to the restrictions and conditions specified in Section 2 below.


2. Restrictions and Conditions .

(a) The records of ARP OP evidencing the LTIP Units granted herein shall bear an appropriate legend, as determined by ARP OP in its sole discretion, to the effect that such LTIP Units are subject to restrictions as set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

(b) LTIP Units granted herein may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Grantee prior to vesting.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 below, any LTIP Units (and the proportionate amount of the Grantee’s Capital Account balance attributable to such LTIP Units) subject to this Award that have not become vested on or before the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) terminates shall be forfeited as of the date that such employment terminates.

3. Vesting of LTIP Units . The restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of this Agreement shall lapse with respect to the LTIP Units granted herein in the amounts and on the Vesting Dates specified below:

 

Number of

LTIP Units Vested

  

Vesting Dates

834    May 14, 2013
833    May 14, 2014
833    May 14, 2015

4. Acceleration of Vesting in Special Circumstances . All LTIP Units granted herein shall automatically become fully vested on the date specified below if the Grantee remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until such date:

(a) the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates ends on account of the Grantee’s termination of employment by the Company without Cause (as defined below); provided that the Grantee signs the general release of claims in favor of the Company in the form set forth in Attachment A and the general release becomes irrevocably effective not later than 45 days after the date of the termination event;

(b) the date that the Grantee’s employment ends on account of the Grantee’s death or total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)); or

(c) on the date of a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan).

For purposes of the Award, the term “ Cause ” means the termination of the Grantee’s employment on account of (i) the Grantee’s conviction of (or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to) a felony or crime involving moral turpitude or (ii) an act or failure to act by the Grantee which in either case constitutes fraud involving assets of the Company, dishonesty involving assets of the Company or that is significantly detrimental to the business reputation of the Company.

 

2


5. Merger-Related Action . In contemplation of and subject to the consummation of a consolidation or merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in which outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities, cash, or other property of an unrelated corporation or business entity or in the event of a liquidation of the Company (in each case, a “ Transaction ”), the Board of Directors of the Company, or the board of trustees or directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the Company (the “ Acquiror ”), may, in its discretion, take any one or more of the following actions, as to the outstanding LTIP Units subject to this Award: (i) provide that such LTIP Units shall be assumed or equivalent awards shall be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding entity (or an affiliate thereof), and/or (ii) upon prior written notice to the LTIP Unitholders (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of not less than 30 days, provide that such LTIP Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction. The right to take such actions (each, a “ Merger-Related Action ”) shall be subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

(a) if all LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are eligible, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, for conversion into Common Units (as defined in and in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) and the Grantee is afforded the opportunity to effect such conversion and receive, in consideration for the Common Units into which his LTIP Units shall have been converted, the same kind and amount of consideration as other holders of Common Units in connection with the Transaction, then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in (i) or (ii) above shall be permitted and available to the Company and the Acquiror;

(b) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and the acquiring or succeeding entity is itself, or has a subsidiary which is organized as a partnership or limited liability company (consisting of a so-called “UPREIT” or other structure substantially similar in purpose or effect to that of the Company and ARP OP), then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (i) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Acquiror with respect to all LTIP Units subject to this Award which are not so convertible at the time, whereby all such LTIP Units covered by this Award shall be assumed by the acquiring or succeeding entity, or equivalent awards shall be substituted by the acquiring or succeeding entity, and the acquiring or succeeding entity shall preserve with respect to the assumed LTIP Units or any securities to be substituted for such LTIP Units, as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances, the distribution, special allocation, conversion and other rights set forth in the Partnership Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders; and

(c) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and after exercise of reasonable commercial efforts the Company or the Acquiror is unable to treat the LTIP Units in accordance with Section 5(b) , then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (ii) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Company or the Acquiror, in which case such action shall be subject to a provision that the settlement of the terminated award of LTIP Units which are not convertible into

 

3


Common Units requires a payment of the same kind and amount of consideration payable in connection with the Transaction to a holder of the number of Common Units into which the LTIP Units to be terminated could be converted or, if greater, the consideration payable to holders of the number of common shares into which such Common Units could be exchanged (including the right to make elections as to the type of consideration) if the Transaction were of a nature that permitted a revaluation of the Grantee’s capital account balance under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, as determined by the Committee in good faith in accordance with the Plan.

6. Distributions . Distributions on the LTIP Units shall be paid currently to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The right to distributions set forth in this Section 6 shall be deemed a Dividend Equivalent Right for purposes of the Plan.

7. Incorporation of Plan . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Award shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Partnership Agreement.

8. Covenants . The Grantee hereby covenants as follows:

(a) So long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, the Grantee shall disclose to ARP OP in writing such information as may be reasonably requested with respect to ownership of LTIP Units as ARP OP may deem reasonably necessary to ascertain and to establish compliance with provisions of the Code applicable to ARP OP or to comply with requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority.

(b) The Grantee hereby agrees to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code with respect to the LTIP Units awarded hereunder, and the Company hereby consents thereto. The Grantee has delivered with this Agreement a completed, executed copy of the election form attached hereto as Annex B . The Grantee agrees to file the election (or to permit ARP OP to file such election on the Grantee’s behalf) within thirty (30) days after the Closing Date with the IRS Service Center at which such Grantee files his personal income tax returns, and to file a copy of such election with the Grantee’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the LTIP Units are awarded to the Grantee.

(c) The Grantee hereby agrees that it does not have the intention to dispose of the LTIP Units subject to this Award within two years of receipt of such LTIP Units. ARP OP and the Grantee hereby agree to treat the Grantee as the owner of the LTIP Units from the Grant Date. The Grantee hereby agrees to take into account the distributive share of ARP OP income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with the LTIP Units in computing the Grantee’s income tax liability for the entire period during which the Grantee has the LTIP Units.

(d) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the IRS has proposed regulations under Sections 83 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations are finalized, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with ARP OP in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations.

 

4


(e) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would change the federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of LTIP Units.

9. Transferability . This Agreement is personal to the Grantee, is non-assignable and is not transferable in any manner, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, without the prior written consent of the Company.

10. Amendment . The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan may be amended or canceled or terminated in accordance with Article XVI thereof and that this Agreement may be amended or cancelled by the Committee, on behalf of ARP OP, for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under this Agreement without the Grantee’s written consent. The provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement applicable to the termination of the LTIP Units covered by this Award in connection with a Transaction (as defined in Section 5 of this Agreement) shall apply, mutatis mutandi to amendments, discontinuance or cancellation pursuant to this Section 10 or the Plan.

11. No Obligation to Continue Employment . Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company is obligated by or as a result of the Plan or this Agreement to continue the Grantee in employment and neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time.

12. Notices . Notices hereunder shall be mailed or delivered to ARP OP at its principal place of business and shall be mailed or delivered to the Grantee at the address on file with ARP OP or, in either case, at such other address as one party may subsequently furnish to the other party in writing.

13. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied without regard to conflict of law principles. The parties agree that any action or proceeding arising directly, indirectly or otherwise in connection with, out of , related to or from this Agreement, any breach hereof or any action covered hereby, shall be resolved within the State of Delaware and the parties hereto consent and submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona. The parties hereto further agree that any such action or proceeding brought by either party to enforce any right, assert any claim, obtain any relief whatsoever in connection with this Agreement shall be brought by such party exclusively in federal or state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

14. Closing Date . As used herein, “ Closing Date ” shall mean the date of the closing of issuance of common stock of the Company pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

[ Signatures appear on following page. ]

 

5


AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL

PROPERTIES, INC.

a Maryland corporation

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz
Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   CEO
Date:   May 14, 2012

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.

a Delaware limited partnership

By:    AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC

         its general partner

By:    AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

         its sole member

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz
Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   CEO
Date:   May 14, 2012

The foregoing agreement is hereby accepted and the terms and conditions thereof hereby agreed to by the Grantee.

 

Date: May 14, 2012             /s/ Andrew G. Kent
            Grantee’s Signature
           

Grantee’s name and address:

Name: Andrew G. Kent

Address:

             
             
             

[ Signature page to LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement – key employees ]


ANNEX A

FORM OF LIMITED PARTNER SIGNATURE PAGE

The Grantee desiring to become one of the within named Partners of American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (“ ARP OP ”), hereby becomes a party to the Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “ Partnership Agreement ”) of ARP OP, by and among American Residential GP, LLC, as general partner (the “ General Partner ”), and the Limited Partners, effective as of the Closing Date (as defined in the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement, dated May 14, 2012, among the Grantee, ARP OP and the General Partner). The Grantee agrees to be bound by the Partnership Agreement. The Grantee also agrees that this signature page may be attached to, and hereby authorizes the General Partner to attach this signature page to, any counterpart of the Partnership Agreement.

 

Date: May 14, 2012    

/s/ Andrew G. Kent

    Signature of Limited Partner
    Limited Partner’s name and address:
     

Name: Andrew G. Kent

Address:

     

 

     

 

     

 


ATTACHMENT “A”

to

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Andrew G. Kent

General Release of Claims

Consistent with Section 4 of the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement dated May 14, 2012, among AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC. (the “ Company ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P. and me (the “ LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement ”) and in consideration for and contingent upon my receipt of the accelerated vesting of LTIP Units set forth in Section 4(a) of the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement, I, for myself, my attorneys, heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, do hereby fully and forever release and discharge the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended through the date hereof (the “ Plan ”)), as well as their predecessors, successors, assigns, and their current or former directors, officers, partners, agents, employees, attorneys, and administrators from all suits, causes of action, and/or claims, demands or entitlements of any nature whatsoever, whether known, unknown, or unforeseen, which I have or may have against any of them arising out of or in connection with my employment by the Company, the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement, the termination of my employment with the Company, or any event, transaction, or matter occurring or existing on or before the date of my signing of this General Release, except that I am not releasing any (a) right to indemnification that I may otherwise have, (b) right to salary and benefits under applicable benefit plans that are earned and accrued but unpaid as of the date of my signing this General Release, (c) right to reimbursement for business expenses incurred and not reimbursed as of the date of my signing this General Release, (d) right to any bonus payment(s) or other compensation due to me under the Plan or any subsequent equity incentive plan approved by the Board that is earned and accrued for the most recent completed calendar year for which a bonus payment has not then been paid as of the date of my signing this General Release, or (e) claims arising after the date of my signing this General Release. I agree not to file or otherwise institute any claim, demand or lawsuit seeking damages or other relief and not to otherwise assert any claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I further hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive any and all rights to recover any relief or damages concerning the claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I represent and warrant that I have not previously filed or joined in any such claims, demands or entitlements against the Company or the other persons released herein and that I will indemnify and hold them harmless from all liabilities, claims, demands, costs, expenses and/or attorneys’ fees incurred as a result of any such claims, demands or lawsuits.

Except as otherwise expressly provided above, this General Release specifically includes, but is not limited to, all claims of breach of contract, employment discrimination (including any claims coming within the scope of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans


with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, and any comparable Arizona law, all as amended, or any other applicable federal, state, or local law), claims under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, as amended, claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended (or any other applicable federal, state or local statute relating to payment of wages), claims concerning recruitment, hiring, termination, salary rate, severance pay, stock options, wages or benefits due, sick leave, holiday pay, vacation pay, life insurance, group medical insurance, any other fringe benefits, worker’s compensation, termination, employment status, libel, slander, defamation, intentional or negligent misrepresentation and/or infliction of emotional distress, together with any and all tort, contract, or other claims which might have been asserted by me or on my behalf in any suit, charge of discrimination, or claim against the Company or the persons released herein.

I acknowledge that I have been given an opportunity of twenty-one (21) days to consider this General Release and that I have been encouraged by the Company to discuss fully the terms of this General Release with legal counsel of my own choosing. Moreover, for a period of seven (7) days following my execution of this General Release, I shall have the right to revoke the waiver of claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, a federal statute that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees who are age 40 or over. If I elect to revoke this General Release within this seven-day period, I must inform the Company by delivering a written notice of revocation to the Company’s Director of Human Resources or employee of the Company authorized to perform such function, no later than 11:59 p.m. on the seventh calendar day after I sign this General Release. I understand that, if I elect to exercise this revocation right, this General Release shall be voided in its entirety and the Company shall be relieved of all obligations to permit the acceleration of vesting of LTIP Units pursuant to Section 4(a) of the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement. I may, if I wish, elect to sign this General Release prior to the expiration of the 21-day consideration period, and I agree that if I elect to do so, my election is made freely and voluntarily and after having an opportunity to consult counsel.

 

AGREED:    
[Form of Agreement Only – Do Not Execute]    
           
        Date

Exhibit 10.14

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Under the American Residential Properties, Inc.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Name of Grantee:    Andrew Kent
Number of LTIP Units:    12,500
Grant Date (Closing Date):    November 7, 2012
Final Acceptance Date:    November 7, 2012

Pursuant to the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”), as amended through the date hereof, and the Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of the Closing Date (as defined below) (the “ Partnership Agreement ”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ ARP OP ”), American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”) and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the general partner of ARP OP (the “ General Partner ”), and for the provision of services to or for the benefit of ARP OP in a partner capacity or in anticipation of being a partner, hereby grants to the Grantee named above an Other Equity-Based Award (as defined in the Plan) (an “ Award ”) in the form of, and by causing ARP OP to issue to the Grantee named above, the number of LTIP Units specified above having the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), the Grantee shall receive, effective as of the Closing Date, the number of LTIP Units specified above, subject to the restrictions and conditions set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Partnership Agreement, attached hereto as Annex A , or the Plan, as applicable, unless a different meaning is specified herein.

1. Acceptance of Agreement . The Grantee shall have no rights with respect to this Agreement unless he or she shall have accepted this Agreement prior to the close of business on the Final Acceptance Date specified above by (i) signing and delivering to ARP OP a copy of this Agreement and (ii) unless the Grantee is already a Limited Partner, signing, as a Limited Partner, and delivering to ARP OP a counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Agreement by the Grantee, the Partnership Agreement shall be amended to reflect the issuance to the Grantee of the LTIP Units so accepted, effective as of the Closing Date. Thereupon, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner with respect to the number of LTIP Units specified above, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement, subject, however, to the restrictions and conditions specified in Section 2 below.

2. Restrictions and Conditions.

(a) The records of ARP OP evidencing the LTIP Units granted herein shall bear an appropriate legend, as determined by ARP OP in its sole discretion, to the effect that such LTIP Units are subject to restrictions as set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

(b) LTIP Units granted herein may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Grantee prior to vesting.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 below, any LTIP Units (and the proportionate amount of the Grantee’s Capital Account balance attributable to such LTIP Units) subject to this Award that have not become vested on or before the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) terminates shall be forfeited as of the date that such employment terminates.


3. Vesting of LTIP Units . The restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of this Agreement shall lapse with respect to the LTIP Units granted herein in the amounts and on the Vesting Dates specified below:

 

       Number of       

LTIP Units Vested

   Vesting Dates
4,166.67    November 7, 2013
4,166.67    November 7, 2014
4,166.66    November 7, 2015

4. Acceleration of Vesting in Special Circumstances . All LTIP Units granted herein shall automatically become fully vested on the date specified below if the Grantee remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until such date:

(a) the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates ends on account of the Grantee’s termination of employment by the Company without Cause (as defined below); provided that the Grantee signs the general release of claims in favor of the Company in the form set forth in Attachment A and the general release becomes irrevocably effective not later than 45 days after the date of the termination event;

(b) the date that the Grantee’s employment ends on account of the Grantee’s death or total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)); or

(c) on the date of a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan).

For purposes of the Award, the term “ Cause ” means the termination of the Grantee’s employment on account of (i) the Grantee’s conviction of (or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to) a felony or crime involving moral turpitude or (ii) an act or failure to act by the Grantee which in either case constitutes fraud involving assets of the Company, dishonesty involving assets of the Company or that is significantly detrimental to the business reputation of the Company.

5. Merger-Related Action . In contemplation of and subject to the consummation of a consolidation or merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in which outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities, cash, or other property of an unrelated corporation or business entity or in the event of a liquidation of the Company (in each case, a “ Transaction ”), the Board of Directors of the Company, or the board of trustees or directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the Company (the “ Acquiror ”), may, in its discretion, take any one or more of the following actions, as to the outstanding LTIP Units subject to this Award: (i) provide that such LTIP Units shall be assumed or equivalent awards shall be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding entity (or an affiliate thereof), and/or (ii) upon prior written notice to the LTIP Unitholders (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of not less than 30 days, provide that such LTIP Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction. The right to take such actions (each, a “ Merger-Related Action ”) shall be subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

(a) if all LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are eligible, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, for conversion into Common Units (as defined in and in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) and the Grantee is afforded the opportunity to effect such conversion and receive, in consideration for the Common Units into which his LTIP Units shall have been converted, the same kind and amount of consideration as other holders of Common Units in connection with the Transaction, then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in (i) or (ii) above shall be permitted and available to the Company and the Acquiror;

 

2


(b) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and the acquiring or succeeding entity is itself, or has a subsidiary which is organized as a partnership or limited liability company (consisting of a so-called “UPREIT” or other structure substantially similar in purpose or effect to that of the Company and ARP OP), then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (i) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Acquiror with respect to all LTIP Units subject to this Award which are not so convertible at the time, whereby all such LTIP Units covered by this Award shall be assumed by the acquiring or succeeding entity, or equivalent awards shall be substituted by the acquiring or succeeding entity, and the acquiring or succeeding entity shall preserve with respect to the assumed LTIP Units or any securities to be substituted for such LTIP Units, as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances, the distribution, special allocation, conversion and other rights set forth in the Partnership Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders; and

(c) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and after exercise of reasonable commercial efforts the Company or the Acquiror is unable to treat the LTIP Units in accordance with Section 5(b) , then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (ii) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Company or the Acquiror, in which case such action shall be subject to a provision that the settlement of the terminated award of LTIP Units which are not convertible into Common Units requires a payment of the same kind and amount of consideration payable in connection with the Transaction to a holder of the number of Common Units into which the LTIP Units to be terminated could be converted or, if greater, the consideration payable to holders of the number of common shares into which such Common Units could be exchanged (including the right to make elections as to the type of consideration) if the Transaction were of a nature that permitted a revaluation of the Grantee’s capital account balance under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, as determined by the Committee in good faith in accordance with the Plan.

6. Distributions . Distributions on the LTIP Units shall be paid currently to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The right to distributions set forth in this Section 6 shall be deemed a Dividend Equivalent Right for purposes of the Plan.

7. Incorporation of Plan . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Award shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Partnership Agreement.

8. Covenants . The Grantee hereby covenants as follows:

(a) So long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, the Grantee shall disclose to ARP OP in writing such information as may be reasonably requested with respect to ownership of LTIP Units as ARP OP may deem reasonably necessary to ascertain and to establish compliance with provisions of the Code applicable to ARP OP or to comply with requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority.

(b) The Grantee hereby agrees to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code with respect to the LTIP Units awarded hereunder, and the Company hereby consents thereto. The Grantee has delivered with this Agreement a completed, executed copy of the election form attached hereto as Annex B . The Grantee agrees to file the election (or to permit ARP OP to file such election on the Grantee’s behalf) within thirty (30) days after the Closing Date with the IRS Service Center at which such Grantee files his personal income tax returns, and to file a copy of such election with the Grantee’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the LTIP Units are awarded to the Grantee.

(c) The Grantee hereby agrees that it does not have the intention to dispose of the LTIP Units subject to this Award within two years of receipt of such LTIP Units. ARP OP and the Grantee hereby agree to treat the Grantee as the owner of the LTIP Units from the Grant Date. The Grantee hereby agrees to take into account the distributive share of ARP OP income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with the LTIP Units in computing the Grantee’s income tax liability for the entire period during which the Grantee has the LTIP Units.

 

3


(d) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the IRS has proposed regulations under Sections 83 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations are finalized, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with ARP OP in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations.

(e) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would change the federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of LTIP Units.

9. Transferability . This Agreement is personal to the Grantee, is non-assignable and is not transferable in any manner, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, without the prior written consent of the Company.

10. Amendment . The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan may be amended or canceled or terminated in accordance with Article XVI thereof and that this Agreement may be amended or cancelled by the Committee, on behalf of ARP OP, for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under this Agreement without the Grantee’s written consent. The provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement applicable to the termination of the LTIP Units covered by this Award in connection with a Transaction (as defined in Section 5 of this Agreement) shall apply, mutatis mutandi to amendments, discontinuance or cancellation pursuant to this Section 10 or the Plan.

11. No Obligation to Continue Employment . Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company is obligated by or as a result of the Plan or this Agreement to continue the Grantee in employment and neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time.

12. Notices . Notices hereunder shall be mailed or delivered to ARP OP at its principal place of business and shall be mailed or delivered to the Grantee at the address on file with ARP OP or, in either case, at such other address as one party may subsequently furnish to the other party in writing.

13. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied without regard to conflict of law principles. The parties agree that any action or proceeding arising directly, indirectly or otherwise in connection with, out of , related to or from this Agreement, any breach hereof or any action covered hereby, shall be resolved within the State of Delaware and the parties hereto consent and submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona. The parties hereto further agree that any such action or proceeding brought by either party to enforce any right, assert any claim, obtain any relief whatsoever in connection with this Agreement shall be brought by such party exclusively in federal or state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

14. Closing Date . As used herein, “ Closing Date ” shall mean the date of the closing of issuance of common stock of the Company pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

[Signatures appear on following page.]

 

4


  AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
  a Maryland corporation
 

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
  Title:   CEO and Chairman
  Date:   November 7, 2012
  AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.
  a Delaware limited partnership
  By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC
    its general partner
  By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
    its sole member
 

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
  Title:   CEO and Chairman
  Date:   November 7, 2012

The foregoing agreement is hereby accepted and the terms and conditions thereof hereby agreed to by the Grantee.

 

Date: November 7, 2012  

/s/ Andrew Kent

  Grantee’s Signature
  Grantee’s name and address:
  Name: Andrew Kent
  Address:
 

 

 

 

 

 

[Signature page to LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement – key employees]


ANNEX A

FORM OF LIMITED PARTNER SIGNATURE PAGE

The Grantee desiring to become one of the within named Partners of American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (“ ARP OP ”), hereby becomes a party to the Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “ Partnership Agreement ”) of ARP OP, by and among American Residential GP, LLC, as general partner (the “ General Partner ”), and the Limited Partners, effective as of the Closing Date (as defined in the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement, dated November 7, 2012, among the Grantee, ARP OP and the General Partner). The Grantee agrees to be bound by the Partnership Agreement. The Grantee also agrees that this signature page may be attached to, and hereby authorizes the General Partner to attach this signature page to, any counterpart of the Partnership Agreement.

 

Date: November 7, 2012  

/s/ Andrew Kent

  Signature of Limited Partner
  Limited Partner’s name and address:
  Name: Andrew Kent
  Address:
 

 

 

 

 

 


ATTACHMENT “A”

to

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Andrew Kent

General Release of Claims

Consistent with Section 4 of the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement dated November 7, 2012, among AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC. (the “ Company ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P. and me (the “ LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement ”) and in consideration for and contingent upon my receipt of the accelerated vesting of LTIP Units set forth in Section 4(a) of the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement, I, for myself, my attorneys, heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, do hereby fully and forever release and discharge the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended through the date hereof (the “ Plan ”)), as well as their predecessors, successors, assigns, and their current or former directors, officers, partners, agents, employees, attorneys, and administrators from all suits, causes of action, and/or claims, demands or entitlements of any nature whatsoever, whether known, unknown, or unforeseen, which I have or may have against any of them arising out of or in connection with my employment by the Company, the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement, the termination of my employment with the Company, or any event, transaction, or matter occurring or existing on or before the date of my signing of this General Release, except that I am not releasing any (a) right to indemnification that I may otherwise have, (b) right to salary and benefits under applicable benefit plans that are earned and accrued but unpaid as of the date of my signing this General Release, (c) right to reimbursement for business expenses incurred and not reimbursed as of the date of my signing this General Release, (d) right to any bonus payment(s) or other compensation due to me under the Plan or any subsequent equity incentive plan approved by the Board that is earned and accrued for the most recent completed calendar year for which a bonus payment has not then been paid as of the date of my signing this General Release, or (e) claims arising after the date of my signing this General Release. I agree not to file or otherwise institute any claim, demand or lawsuit seeking damages or other relief and not to otherwise assert any claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I further hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive any and all rights to recover any relief or damages concerning the claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I represent and warrant that I have not previously filed or joined in any such claims, demands or entitlements against the Company or the other persons released herein and that I will indemnify and hold them harmless from all liabilities, claims, demands, costs, expenses and/or attorneys’ fees incurred as a result of any such claims, demands or lawsuits.

Except as otherwise expressly provided above, this General Release specifically includes, but is not limited to, all claims of breach of contract, employment discrimination (including any claims coming within the scope of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, and any comparable Arizona law, all as amended, or any other applicable federal, state, or local law), claims under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, as amended, claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended (or any other applicable federal, state or local statute relating to payment of wages), claims concerning recruitment, hiring, termination, salary rate, severance pay, stock options, wages or benefits due, sick leave, holiday pay, vacation pay, life insurance, group medical insurance, any other fringe benefits, worker’s compensation, termination, employment status, libel, slander, defamation, intentional or negligent misrepresentation and/or infliction of emotional distress, together with any and all tort, contract, or other claims which might have been asserted by me or on my behalf in any suit, charge of discrimination, or claim against the Company or the persons released herein.


I acknowledge that I have been given an opportunity of twenty-one (21) days to consider this General Release and that I have been encouraged by the Company to discuss fully the terms of this General Release with legal counsel of my own choosing. Moreover, for a period of seven (7) days following my execution of this General Release, I shall have the right to revoke the waiver of claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, a federal statute that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees who are age 40 or over. If I elect to revoke this General Release within this seven-day period, I must inform the Company by delivering a written notice of revocation to the Company’s Director of Human Resources or employee of the Company authorized to perform such function, no later than 11:59 p.m. on the seventh calendar day after I sign this General Release. I understand that, if I elect to exercise this revocation right, this General Release shall be voided in its entirety and the Company shall be relieved of all obligations to permit the acceleration of vesting of LTIP Units pursuant to Section 4(a) of the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement. I may, if I wish, elect to sign this General Release prior to the expiration of the 21-day consideration period, and I agree that if I elect to do so, my election is made freely and voluntarily and after having an opportunity to consult counsel.

AGREED:

[Form of Agreement Only – Do Not Execute]

 

 

     

 

      Date

 

     

Exhibit 10.15

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Under the American Residential Properties, Inc.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Name of Grantee:    Lani Porter
Number of LTIP Units:    11,500
Grant Date (Closing Date):    November 7, 2012
Final Acceptance Date:    November 7, 2012

Pursuant to the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”), as amended through the date hereof, and the Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of the Closing Date (as defined below) (the “ Partnership Agreement ”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ ARP OP ”), American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”) and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the general partner of ARP OP (the “ General Partner ”), and for the provision of services to or for the benefit of ARP OP in a partner capacity or in anticipation of being a partner, hereby grants to the Grantee named above an Other Equity-Based Award (as defined in the Plan) (an “ Award ”) in the form of, and by causing ARP OP to issue to the Grantee named above, the number of LTIP Units specified above having the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), the Grantee shall receive, effective as of the Closing Date, the number of LTIP Units specified above, subject to the restrictions and conditions set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Partnership Agreement, attached hereto as Annex A , or the Plan, as applicable, unless a different meaning is specified herein.

1. Acceptance of Agreement . The Grantee shall have no rights with respect to this Agreement unless he or she shall have accepted this Agreement prior to the close of business on the Final Acceptance Date specified above by (i) signing and delivering to ARP OP a copy of this Agreement and (ii) unless the Grantee is already a Limited Partner, signing, as a Limited Partner, and delivering to ARP OP a counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Agreement by the Grantee, the Partnership Agreement shall be amended to reflect the issuance to the Grantee of the LTIP Units so accepted, effective as of the Closing Date. Thereupon, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner with respect to the number of LTIP Units specified above, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement, subject, however, to the restrictions and conditions specified in Section 2 below.

2. Restrictions and Conditions.

(a) The records of ARP OP evidencing the LTIP Units granted herein shall bear an appropriate legend, as determined by ARP OP in its sole discretion, to the effect that such LTIP Units are subject to restrictions as set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

(b) LTIP Units granted herein may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Grantee prior to vesting.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 below, any LTIP Units (and the proportionate amount of the Grantee’s Capital Account balance attributable to such LTIP Units) subject to this Award that have not become vested on or before the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) terminates shall be forfeited as of the date that such employment terminates.


3. Vesting of LTIP Units . The restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of this Agreement shall lapse with respect to the LTIP Units granted herein in the amounts and on the Vesting Dates specified below:

 

       Number of       

LTIP Units Vested

   Vesting Dates
3,833.34    November 7, 2013
3,833.34    November 7, 2014
3,833.32    November 7, 2015

4. Acceleration of Vesting in Special Circumstances . All LTIP Units granted herein shall automatically become fully vested on the date specified below if the Grantee remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until such date:

(a) the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates ends on account of the Grantee’s termination of employment by the Company without Cause (as defined below); provided that the Grantee signs the general release of claims in favor of the Company in the form set forth in Attachment A and the general release becomes irrevocably effective not later than 45 days after the date of the termination event;

(b) the date that the Grantee’s employment ends on account of the Grantee’s death or total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)); or

(c) on the date of a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan).

For purposes of the Award, the term “ Cause ” means the termination of the Grantee’s employment on account of (i) the Grantee’s conviction of (or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to) a felony or crime involving moral turpitude or (ii) an act or failure to act by the Grantee which in either case constitutes fraud involving assets of the Company, dishonesty involving assets of the Company or that is significantly detrimental to the business reputation of the Company.

5. Merger-Related Action . In contemplation of and subject to the consummation of a consolidation or merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in which outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities, cash, or other property of an unrelated corporation or business entity or in the event of a liquidation of the Company (in each case, a “ Transaction ”), the Board of Directors of the Company, or the board of trustees or directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the Company (the “ Acquiror ”), may, in its discretion, take any one or more of the following actions, as to the outstanding LTIP Units subject to this Award: (i) provide that such LTIP Units shall be assumed or equivalent awards shall be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding entity (or an affiliate thereof), and/or (ii) upon prior written notice to the LTIP Unitholders (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of not less than 30 days, provide that such LTIP Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction. The right to take such actions (each, a “ Merger-Related Action ”) shall be subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

(a) if all LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are eligible, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, for conversion into Common Units (as defined in and in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) and the Grantee is afforded the opportunity to effect such conversion and receive, in consideration for the Common Units into which his LTIP Units shall have been converted, the same kind and amount of consideration as other holders of Common Units in connection with the Transaction, then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in (i) or (ii) above shall be permitted and available to the Company and the Acquiror;

 

2


(b) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and the acquiring or succeeding entity is itself, or has a subsidiary which is organized as a partnership or limited liability company (consisting of a so-called “UPREIT” or other structure substantially similar in purpose or effect to that of the Company and ARP OP), then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (i) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Acquiror with respect to all LTIP Units subject to this Award which are not so convertible at the time, whereby all such LTIP Units covered by this Award shall be assumed by the acquiring or succeeding entity, or equivalent awards shall be substituted by the acquiring or succeeding entity, and the acquiring or succeeding entity shall preserve with respect to the assumed LTIP Units or any securities to be substituted for such LTIP Units, as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances, the distribution, special allocation, conversion and other rights set forth in the Partnership Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders; and

(c) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and after exercise of reasonable commercial efforts the Company or the Acquiror is unable to treat the LTIP Units in accordance with Section 5(b) , then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (ii) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Company or the Acquiror, in which case such action shall be subject to a provision that the settlement of the terminated award of LTIP Units which are not convertible into Common Units requires a payment of the same kind and amount of consideration payable in connection with the Transaction to a holder of the number of Common Units into which the LTIP Units to be terminated could be converted or, if greater, the consideration payable to holders of the number of common shares into which such Common Units could be exchanged (including the right to make elections as to the type of consideration) if the Transaction were of a nature that permitted a revaluation of the Grantee’s capital account balance under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, as determined by the Committee in good faith in accordance with the Plan.

6. Distributions . Distributions on the LTIP Units shall be paid currently to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The right to distributions set forth in this Section 6 shall be deemed a Dividend Equivalent Right for purposes of the Plan.

7. Incorporation of Plan . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Award shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Partnership Agreement.

8. Covenants . The Grantee hereby covenants as follows:

(a) So long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, the Grantee shall disclose to ARP OP in writing such information as may be reasonably requested with respect to ownership of LTIP Units as ARP OP may deem reasonably necessary to ascertain and to establish compliance with provisions of the Code applicable to ARP OP or to comply with requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority.

(b) The Grantee hereby agrees to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code with respect to the LTIP Units awarded hereunder, and the Company hereby consents thereto. The Grantee has delivered with this Agreement a completed, executed copy of the election form attached hereto as Annex B . The Grantee agrees to file the election (or to permit ARP OP to file such election on the Grantee’s behalf) within thirty (30) days after the Closing Date with the IRS Service Center at which such Grantee files his personal income tax returns, and to file a copy of such election with the Grantee’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the LTIP Units are awarded to the Grantee.

(c) The Grantee hereby agrees that it does not have the intention to dispose of the LTIP Units subject to this Award within two years of receipt of such LTIP Units. ARP OP and the Grantee hereby agree to treat the Grantee as the owner of the LTIP Units from the Grant Date. The Grantee hereby agrees to take into account the distributive share of ARP OP income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with the LTIP Units in computing the Grantee’s income tax liability for the entire period during which the Grantee has the LTIP Units.

 

3


(d) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the IRS has proposed regulations under Sections 83 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations are finalized, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with ARP OP in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations.

(e) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would change the federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of LTIP Units.

9. Transferability . This Agreement is personal to the Grantee, is non-assignable and is not transferable in any manner, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, without the prior written consent of the Company.

10. Amendment . The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan may be amended or canceled or terminated in accordance with Article XVI thereof and that this Agreement may be amended or cancelled by the Committee, on behalf of ARP OP, for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under this Agreement without the Grantee’s written consent. The provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement applicable to the termination of the LTIP Units covered by this Award in connection with a Transaction (as defined in Section 5 of this Agreement) shall apply, mutatis mutandi to amendments, discontinuance or cancellation pursuant to this Section 10 or the Plan.

11. No Obligation to Continue Employment . Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company is obligated by or as a result of the Plan or this Agreement to continue the Grantee in employment and neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time.

12. Notices . Notices hereunder shall be mailed or delivered to ARP OP at its principal place of business and shall be mailed or delivered to the Grantee at the address on file with ARP OP or, in either case, at such other address as one party may subsequently furnish to the other party in writing.

13. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied without regard to conflict of law principles. The parties agree that any action or proceeding arising directly, indirectly or otherwise in connection with, out of , related to or from this Agreement, any breach hereof or any action covered hereby, shall be resolved within the State of Delaware and the parties hereto consent and submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona. The parties hereto further agree that any such action or proceeding brought by either party to enforce any right, assert any claim, obtain any relief whatsoever in connection with this Agreement shall be brought by such party exclusively in federal or state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

14. Closing Date . As used herein, “ Closing Date ” shall mean the date of the closing of issuance of common stock of the Company pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

[Signatures appear on following page.]

 

4


  AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
  a Maryland corporation
 

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
  Title:   CEO and Chairman
  Date:   November 7, 2012
  AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.
  a Delaware limited partnership
  By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC
    its general partner
  By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
    its sole member
 

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
  Title:   CEO and Chairman
  Date:   November 7, 2012

The foregoing agreement is hereby accepted and the terms and conditions thereof hereby agreed to by the Grantee.

 

Date: November 7, 2012  

/s/ Lani Porter

  Grantee’s Signature
  Grantee’s name and address:
  Name: Lani Porter
  Address:
 

 

 

 

 

 

[Signature page to LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement – key employees]


ANNEX A

FORM OF LIMITED PARTNER SIGNATURE PAGE

The Grantee desiring to become one of the within named Partners of American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (“ ARP OP ”), hereby becomes a party to the Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “ Partnership Agreement ”) of ARP OP, by and among American Residential GP, LLC, as general partner (the “ General Partner ”), and the Limited Partners, effective as of the Closing Date (as defined in the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement, dated November 7, 2012, among the Grantee, ARP OP and the General Partner). The Grantee agrees to be bound by the Partnership Agreement. The Grantee also agrees that this signature page may be attached to, and hereby authorizes the General Partner to attach this signature page to, any counterpart of the Partnership Agreement.

 

Date: November 7, 2012  

/s/ Lani Porter

  Signature of Limited Partner
  Limited Partner’s name and address:
  Name: Lani Porter
  Address:
 

 

 

 

 

 


ATTACHMENT “A”

to

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Lani Porter

General Release of Claims

Consistent with Section 4 of the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement dated November 7, 2012, among AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC. (the “ Company ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P. and me (the “ LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement ”) and in consideration for and contingent upon my receipt of the accelerated vesting of LTIP Units set forth in Section 4(a) of the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement, I, for myself, my attorneys, heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, do hereby fully and forever release and discharge the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended through the date hereof (the “ Plan ”)), as well as their predecessors, successors, assigns, and their current or former directors, officers, partners, agents, employees, attorneys, and administrators from all suits, causes of action, and/or claims, demands or entitlements of any nature whatsoever, whether known, unknown, or unforeseen, which I have or may have against any of them arising out of or in connection with my employment by the Company, the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement, the termination of my employment with the Company, or any event, transaction, or matter occurring or existing on or before the date of my signing of this General Release, except that I am not releasing any (a) right to indemnification that I may otherwise have, (b) right to salary and benefits under applicable benefit plans that are earned and accrued but unpaid as of the date of my signing this General Release, (c) right to reimbursement for business expenses incurred and not reimbursed as of the date of my signing this General Release, (d) right to any bonus payment(s) or other compensation due to me under the Plan or any subsequent equity incentive plan approved by the Board that is earned and accrued for the most recent completed calendar year for which a bonus payment has not then been paid as of the date of my signing this General Release, or (e) claims arising after the date of my signing this General Release. I agree not to file or otherwise institute any claim, demand or lawsuit seeking damages or other relief and not to otherwise assert any claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I further hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive any and all rights to recover any relief or damages concerning the claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I represent and warrant that I have not previously filed or joined in any such claims, demands or entitlements against the Company or the other persons released herein and that I will indemnify and hold them harmless from all liabilities, claims, demands, costs, expenses and/or attorneys’ fees incurred as a result of any such claims, demands or lawsuits.

Except as otherwise expressly provided above, this General Release specifically includes, but is not limited to, all claims of breach of contract, employment discrimination (including any claims coming within the scope of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, and any comparable Arizona law, all as amended, or any other applicable federal, state, or local law), claims under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, as amended, claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended (or any other applicable federal, state or local statute relating to payment of wages), claims concerning recruitment, hiring, termination, salary rate, severance pay, stock options, wages or benefits due, sick leave, holiday pay, vacation pay, life insurance, group medical insurance, any other fringe benefits, worker’s compensation, termination, employment status, libel, slander, defamation, intentional or negligent misrepresentation and/or infliction of emotional distress, together with any and all tort, contract, or other claims which might have been asserted by me or on my behalf in any suit, charge of discrimination, or claim against the Company or the persons released herein.


I acknowledge that I have been given an opportunity of twenty-one (21) days to consider this General Release and that I have been encouraged by the Company to discuss fully the terms of this General Release with legal counsel of my own choosing. Moreover, for a period of seven (7) days following my execution of this General Release, I shall have the right to revoke the waiver of claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, a federal statute that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees who are age 40 or over. If I elect to revoke this General Release within this seven-day period, I must inform the Company by delivering a written notice of revocation to the Company’s Director of Human Resources or employee of the Company authorized to perform such function, no later than 11:59 p.m. on the seventh calendar day after I sign this General Release. I understand that, if I elect to exercise this revocation right, this General Release shall be voided in its entirety and the Company shall be relieved of all obligations to permit the acceleration of vesting of LTIP Units pursuant to Section 4(a) of the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement. I may, if I wish, elect to sign this General Release prior to the expiration of the 21-day consideration period, and I agree that if I elect to do so, my election is made freely and voluntarily and after having an opportunity to consult counsel.

AGREED:

[Form of Agreement Only – Do Not Execute]

 

 

     

 

      Date

 

     

Exhibit 10.16

[Directors – time-based vesting]

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Under the American Residential Properties, Inc.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Name of Grantee:

Number of LTIP Units:

Grant Date (Closing Date):

Final Acceptance Date:

 

 

2,500

            , 20

            , 20

Pursuant to the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”), as amended through the date hereof, and the Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of the Closing Date (as defined below) (the “ Partnership Agreement ”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ ARP OP ”), American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”) and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the general partner of ARP OP (the “ General Partner ”), and for the provision of services to or for the benefit of ARP OP in a partner capacity or in anticipation of being a partner , hereby grants to the Grantee named above an Other Equity-Based Award (as defined in the Plan) (an “ Award ”) in the form of, and by causing ARP OP to issue to the Grantee named above, the number of LTIP Units specified above having the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), the Grantee shall receive, effective as of the Closing Date, the number of LTIP Units specified above, subject to the restrictions and conditions set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Partnership Agreement, attached hereto as Annex A , or the Plan, as applicable, unless a different meaning is specified herein.

1. Acceptance of Agreement . The Grantee shall have no rights with respect to this Agreement unless he or she shall have accepted this Agreement prior to the close of business on the Final Acceptance Date specified above by (i) signing and delivering to ARP OP a copy of this Agreement and (ii) unless the Grantee is already a Limited Partner, signing, as a Limited Partner, and delivering to ARP OP a counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Agreement by the Grantee, the Partnership Agreement shall be amended to reflect the issuance to the Grantee of the LTIP Units so accepted, effective as of the Closing Date. Thereupon, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner with respect to the number of LTIP Units specified above, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement, subject, however, to the restrictions and conditions specified in Section 2 below.


2. Restrictions and Conditions .

(a) The records of ARP OP evidencing the LTIP Units granted herein shall bear an appropriate legend, as determined by ARP OP in its sole discretion, to the effect that such LTIP Units are subject to restrictions as set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

(b) LTIP Units granted herein may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Grantee prior to vesting.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 below, any LTIP Units (and the proportionate amount of the Grantee’s Capital Account balance attributable to such LTIP Units) subject to this Award that have not become vested on or before the date that the Grantee’s directorship with the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) terminates shall be forfeited as of the date that such directorship terminates.

3. Vesting of LTIP Units . On the date of the Company’s 2013 annual meeting of stockholders, the restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of this Agreement shall lapse with respect to all of the LTIP Units granted herein, so long as the Grantee has not resigned or been removed as a director of the Company prior to the date of such meeting (the “ Vesting Date ”).

4. Acceleration of Vesting in Special Circumstances . All LTIP Units granted herein shall automatically become fully vested on the date specified below if the Grantee remains a director of the Company from the Closing Date until such date:

(a) the date that the Grantee’s directorship ends on account of the Grantee’s death or total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)); or

(b) on a Control Change Date (as defined in the Plan).

5. Merger-Related Action . In contemplation of and subject to the consummation of a consolidation or merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in which outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities, cash, or other property of an unrelated corporation or business entity or in the event of a liquidation of the Company (in each case, a “ Transaction ”), the Board of Directors of the Company, or the board of trustees or directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the Company (the “ Acquiror ”), may, in its discretion, take any one or more of the following actions, as to the outstanding LTIP Units subject to this Award: (i) provide that such LTIP Units shall be assumed or equivalent awards shall be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding entity (or an affiliate thereof), and/or (ii) upon prior written notice to the LTIP Unitholders (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of not less than 30 days, provide that such LTIP Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction. The right to take such actions (each, a “ Merger-Related Action ”) shall be subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

(a) if all LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are eligible, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, for conversion into Common Units (as defined in and in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) and the Grantee is afforded the opportunity to effect such conversion and receive, in consideration for the Common Units into which his LTIP Units shall have been converted, the same kind and amount of consideration as other holders of Common Units in connection with the Transaction, then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in (i) or (ii) above shall be permitted and available to the Company and the Acquiror;

 

2


(b) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and the acquiring or succeeding entity is itself, or has a subsidiary which is organized as a partnership or limited liability company (consisting of a so-called “UPREIT” or other structure substantially similar in purpose or effect to that of the Company and ARP OP), then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (i) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Acquiror with respect to all LTIP Units subject to this Award which are not so convertible at the time, whereby all such LTIP Units covered by this Award shall be assumed by the acquiring or succeeding entity, or equivalent awards shall be substituted by the acquiring or succeeding entity, and the acquiring or succeeding entity shall preserve with respect to the assumed LTIP Units or any securities to be substituted for such LTIP Units, as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances, the distribution, special allocation, conversion and other rights set forth in the Partnership Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders; and

(c) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and after exercise of reasonable commercial efforts the Company or the Acquiror is unable to treat the LTIP Units in accordance with Section 5(b) , then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (ii) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Company or the Acquiror, in which case such action shall be subject to a provision that the settlement of the terminated award of LTIP Units which are not convertible into Common Units requires a payment of the same kind and amount of consideration payable in connection with the Transaction to a holder of the number of Common Units into which the LTIP Units to be terminated could be converted or, if greater, the consideration payable to holders of the number of common shares into which such Common Units could be exchanged (including the right to make elections as to the type of consideration) if the Transaction were of a nature that permitted a revaluation of the Grantee’s capital account balance under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, as determined by the Committee in good faith in accordance with the Plan.

6. Distributions . Distributions on the LTIP Units shall be paid currently to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The right to distributions set forth in this Section 6 shall be deemed a Dividend Equivalent Right for purposes of the Plan.

7. Incorporation of Plan . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Award shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Partnership Agreement.

 

3


8. Covenants . The Grantee hereby covenants as follows:

(a) So long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, the Grantee shall disclose to ARP OP in writing such information as may be reasonably requested with respect to ownership of LTIP Units as ARP OP may deem reasonably necessary to ascertain and to establish compliance with provisions of the Code applicable to ARP OP or to comply with requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority.

(b) The Grantee hereby agrees to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code with respect to the LTIP Units awarded hereunder, and the Company hereby consents thereto. The Grantee has delivered with this Agreement a completed, executed copy of the election form attached hereto as Annex B . The Grantee agrees to file the election (or to permit ARP OP to file such election on the Grantee’s behalf) within thirty (30) days after the Closing Date with the IRS Service Center at which such Grantee files his personal income tax returns, and to file a copy of such election with the Grantee’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the LTIP Units are awarded to the Grantee.

(c) The Grantee hereby agrees that it does not have the intention to dispose of the LTIP Units subject to this Award within two years of receipt of such LTIP Units. ARP OP and the Grantee hereby agree to treat the Grantee as the owner of the LTIP Units from the Grant Date. The Grantee hereby agrees to take into account the distributive share of ARP OP income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with the LTIP Units in computing the Grantee’s income tax liability for the entire period during which the Grantee has the LTIP Units.

(d) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the IRS has proposed regulations under Sections 83 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations are finalized, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with ARP OP in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations.

(e) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would change the federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of LTIP Units.

9. Transferability . This Agreement is personal to the Grantee, is non-assignable and is not transferable in any manner, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, without the prior written consent of the Company.

10. Amendment . The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan may be amended or canceled or terminated in accordance with Article XVI thereof and that this Agreement may be amended or cancelled by the Committee, on behalf of ARP OP, for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under this Agreement without the Grantee’s written consent. The provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement applicable to the termination of the LTIP Units covered by this Award in connection with a Transaction (as defined in Section 5 of this Agreement) shall apply, mutatis mutandi to amendments, discontinuance or cancellation pursuant to this Section 10 or the Plan.

 

4


11. No Obligation to Continue Directorship . Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company is obligated by or as a result of the Plan or this Agreement to continue the Grantee as a director of the Company and neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to terminate the directorship of the Grantee at any time.

12. Notices . Notices hereunder shall be mailed or delivered to ARP OP at its principal place of business and shall be mailed or delivered to the Grantee at the address on file with ARP OP or, in either case, at such other address as one party may subsequently furnish to the other party in writing.

13. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied without regard to conflict of law principles. The parties agree that any action or proceeding arising directly, indirectly or otherwise in connection with, out of , related to or from this Agreement, any breach hereof or any action covered hereby, shall be resolved within the State of Delaware and the parties hereto consent and submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona. The parties hereto further agree that any such action or proceeding brought by either party to enforce any right, assert any claim, obtain any relief whatsoever in connection with this Agreement shall be brought by such party exclusively in federal or state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

14. Closing Date . As used herein, “ Closing Date ” shall mean the date of the closing of issuance of common stock of the Company pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

[ Signatures appear on following page. ]

 

5


AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
a Maryland corporation

 

Name:  
Title:  
Date:  
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.
a Delaware limited partnership
By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC
  its general partner
By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
  its sole member

 

Name:  
Title:  
Date:  

The foregoing agreement is hereby accepted and the terms and conditions thereof hereby agreed to by the Grantee.

 

Date:                

 

      Grantee’s Signature
      Grantee’s name and address:
      Name:  

 

      Address:
     

 

     

 

     

 

[ Signature page to LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement – independent directors ]


ANNEX A

FORM OF LIMITED PARTNER SIGNATURE PAGE

The Grantee desiring to become one of the within named Partners of American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (“ ARP OP ”), hereby becomes a party to the Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “ Partnership Agreement ”) of ARP OP, by and among American Residential GP, LLC, as general partner (the “ General Partner ”), and the Limited Partners, effective as of the Closing Date (as defined in the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement, dated             , 20    , among the Grantee, ARP OP and the General Partner). The Grantee agrees to be bound by the Partnership Agreement. The Grantee also agrees that this signature page may be attached to, and hereby authorizes the General Partner to attach this signature page to, any counterpart of the Partnership Agreement.

 

Date:         

 

    Signature of Limited Partner
    Limited Partner’s name and address:
      Name:  

 

           Address:
     

 

     

 

     

 

Exhibit 10.17

[Employees – time-based vesting]

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN

UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

Under the American Residential Properties, Inc.

2012 Equity Incentive Plan

 

Name of Grantee:  

                                          

  
Number of LTIP Units:  

                                          

  
Grant Date (Closing Date):                                         , 20     
Final Acceptance Date:                                         , 20     

Pursuant to the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “ Plan ”), as amended through the date hereof, and the Agreement of Limited Partnership, dated as of the Closing Date (as defined below) (the “ Partnership Agreement ”), of American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ ARP OP ”), American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”) and the sole member of American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the general partner of ARP OP (the “ General Partner ”), and for the provision of services to or for the benefit of ARP OP in a partner capacity or in anticipation of being a partner , hereby grants to the Grantee named above an Other Equity-Based Award (as defined in the Plan) (an “ Award ”) in the form of, and by causing ARP OP to issue to the Grantee named above, the number of LTIP Units specified above having the rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption and conversion set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), the Grantee shall receive, effective as of the Closing Date, the number of LTIP Units specified above, subject to the restrictions and conditions set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned to such terms in the Partnership Agreement, attached hereto as Annex A , or the Plan, as applicable, unless a different meaning is specified herein.

1. Acceptance of Agreement . The Grantee shall have no rights with respect to this Agreement unless he or she shall have accepted this Agreement prior to the close of business on the Final Acceptance Date specified above by (i) signing and delivering to ARP OP a copy of this Agreement and (ii) unless the Grantee is already a Limited Partner, signing, as a Limited Partner, and delivering to ARP OP a counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement. Upon acceptance of this Agreement by the Grantee, the Partnership Agreement shall be amended to reflect the issuance to the Grantee of the LTIP Units so accepted, effective as of the Closing Date. Thereupon, the Grantee shall have all the rights of a Limited Partner with respect to the number of LTIP Units specified above, as set forth in the Partnership Agreement, subject, however, to the restrictions and conditions specified in Section 2 below.


2. Restrictions and Conditions .

(a) The records of ARP OP evidencing the LTIP Units granted herein shall bear an appropriate legend, as determined by ARP OP in its sole discretion, to the effect that such LTIP Units are subject to restrictions as set forth herein and in the Partnership Agreement.

(b) LTIP Units granted herein may not be sold, transferred, pledged, exchanged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Grantee prior to vesting.

(c) Subject to the provisions of Section 4 below, any LTIP Units (and the proportionate amount of the Grantee’s Capital Account balance attributable to such LTIP Units) subject to this Award that have not become vested on or before the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the Plan) terminates shall be forfeited as of the date that such employment terminates.

3. Vesting of LTIP Units . The restrictions and conditions in Sections 2(b) and 2(c) of this Agreement shall lapse with respect to the LTIP Units granted herein in the amounts and on the Vesting Dates specified below:

 

Number of

LTIP Units Vested

  

Vesting Dates

 
                          , 20        
                          , 20        
                          , 20        

4. Acceleration of Vesting in Special Circumstances . All LTIP Units granted herein shall automatically become fully vested on the date specified below if the Grantee remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Closing Date until such date:

(a) the date that the Grantee’s employment with the Company and its Affiliates ends on account of the Grantee’s termination of employment by the Company without Cause (as defined below); provided that the Grantee signs the general release of claims in favor of the Company in the form set forth in Attachment A and the general release becomes irrevocably effective not later than 45 days after the date of the termination event;

(b) the date that the Grantee’s employment ends on account of the Grantee’s death or total and permanent disability (as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”)); or

(c) on the date of a Change in Control (as defined in the Plan).

For purposes of the Award, the term “ Cause ” means the termination of the Grantee’s employment on account of (i) the Grantee’s conviction of (or pleading guilty or nolo contendere to) a felony or crime involving moral turpitude or (ii) an act or failure to act by the Grantee which in either case constitutes fraud involving assets of the Company, dishonesty involving assets of the Company or that is significantly detrimental to the business reputation of the Company.

 

2


5. Merger-Related Action . In contemplation of and subject to the consummation of a consolidation or merger or sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in which outstanding common stock are exchanged for securities, cash, or other property of an unrelated corporation or business entity or in the event of a liquidation of the Company (in each case, a “ Transaction ”), the Board of Directors of the Company, or the board of trustees or directors of any corporation assuming the obligations of the Company (the “ Acquiror ”), may, in its discretion, take any one or more of the following actions, as to the outstanding LTIP Units subject to this Award: (i) provide that such LTIP Units shall be assumed or equivalent awards shall be substituted, by the acquiring or succeeding entity (or an affiliate thereof), and/or (ii) upon prior written notice to the LTIP Unitholders (as defined in the Partnership Agreement) of not less than 30 days, provide that such LTIP Units shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of the Transaction. The right to take such actions (each, a “ Merger-Related Action ”) shall be subject to the following limitations and qualifications:

(a) if all LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are eligible, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, for conversion into Common Units (as defined in and in accordance with the Partnership Agreement) and the Grantee is afforded the opportunity to effect such conversion and receive, in consideration for the Common Units into which his LTIP Units shall have been converted, the same kind and amount of consideration as other holders of Common Units in connection with the Transaction, then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in (i) or (ii) above shall be permitted and available to the Company and the Acquiror;

(b) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and the acquiring or succeeding entity is itself, or has a subsidiary which is organized as a partnership or limited liability company (consisting of a so-called “UPREIT” or other structure substantially similar in purpose or effect to that of the Company and ARP OP), then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (i) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Acquiror with respect to all LTIP Units subject to this Award which are not so convertible at the time, whereby all such LTIP Units covered by this Award shall be assumed by the acquiring or succeeding entity, or equivalent awards shall be substituted by the acquiring or succeeding entity, and the acquiring or succeeding entity shall preserve with respect to the assumed LTIP Units or any securities to be substituted for such LTIP Units, as far as reasonably possible under the circumstances, the distribution, special allocation, conversion and other rights set forth in the Partnership Agreement for the benefit of the LTIP Unitholders; and

(c) if some or all of the LTIP Units awarded to the Grantee hereunder are not, as of the time of the Merger-Related Action, so eligible for conversion into Common Units (in accordance with the Partnership Agreement), and after exercise of reasonable commercial efforts the Company or the Acquiror is unable to treat the LTIP Units in accordance with Section 5(b) , then Merger-Related Action of the kind specified in clause (ii) of this Section 5 above must be taken by the Company or the Acquiror, in which case such action shall be subject to a provision that the settlement of the terminated award of LTIP Units which are not convertible into

 

3


Common Units requires a payment of the same kind and amount of consideration payable in connection with the Transaction to a holder of the number of Common Units into which the LTIP Units to be terminated could be converted or, if greater, the consideration payable to holders of the number of common shares into which such Common Units could be exchanged (including the right to make elections as to the type of consideration) if the Transaction were of a nature that permitted a revaluation of the Grantee’s capital account balance under the terms of the Partnership Agreement, as determined by the Committee in good faith in accordance with the Plan.

6. Distributions . Distributions on the LTIP Units shall be paid currently to the Grantee in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement. The right to distributions set forth in this Section 6 shall be deemed a Dividend Equivalent Right for purposes of the Plan.

7. Incorporation of Plan . Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, this Award shall be subject to all of the terms and conditions of the Plan and the Partnership Agreement.

8. Covenants . The Grantee hereby covenants as follows:

(a) So long as the Grantee holds any LTIP Units, the Grantee shall disclose to ARP OP in writing such information as may be reasonably requested with respect to ownership of LTIP Units as ARP OP may deem reasonably necessary to ascertain and to establish compliance with provisions of the Code applicable to ARP OP or to comply with requirements of any other appropriate taxing authority.

(b) The Grantee hereby agrees to make an election under Section 83(b) of the Code with respect to the LTIP Units awarded hereunder, and the Company hereby consents thereto. The Grantee has delivered with this Agreement a completed, executed copy of the election form attached hereto as Annex B . The Grantee agrees to file the election (or to permit ARP OP to file such election on the Grantee’s behalf) within thirty (30) days after the Closing Date with the IRS Service Center at which such Grantee files his personal income tax returns, and to file a copy of such election with the Grantee’s U.S. federal income tax return for the taxable year in which the LTIP Units are awarded to the Grantee.

(c) The Grantee hereby agrees that it does not have the intention to dispose of the LTIP Units subject to this Award within two years of receipt of such LTIP Units. ARP OP and the Grantee hereby agree to treat the Grantee as the owner of the LTIP Units from the Grant Date. The Grantee hereby agrees to take into account the distributive share of ARP OP income, gain, loss, deduction, and credit associated with the LTIP Units in computing the Grantee’s income tax liability for the entire period during which the Grantee has the LTIP Units.

(d) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the IRS has proposed regulations under Sections 83 and 704 of the Code that may affect the proper treatment of the LTIP Units for federal tax purposes. In the event that those proposed regulations are finalized, the Grantee hereby agrees to cooperate with ARP OP in amending this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement, and to take such other action as may be required, to conform to such regulations.

(e) The Grantee hereby recognizes that the U.S. Congress is considering legislation that would change the federal tax consequences of owning and disposing of LTIP Units.

 

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9. Transferability . This Agreement is personal to the Grantee, is non-assignable and is not transferable in any manner, by operation of law or otherwise, other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, without the prior written consent of the Company.

10. Amendment . The Grantee acknowledges that the Plan may be amended or canceled or terminated in accordance with Article XVI thereof and that this Agreement may be amended or cancelled by the Committee, on behalf of ARP OP, for the purpose of satisfying changes in law or for any other lawful purpose, provided that no such action shall adversely affect the Grantee’s rights under this Agreement without the Grantee’s written consent. The provisions of Section 5 of this Agreement applicable to the termination of the LTIP Units covered by this Award in connection with a Transaction (as defined in Section 5 of this Agreement) shall apply, mutatis mutandi to amendments, discontinuance or cancellation pursuant to this Section 10 or the Plan.

11. No Obligation to Continue Employment . Neither the Company nor any affiliate of the Company is obligated by or as a result of the Plan or this Agreement to continue the Grantee in employment and neither the Plan nor this Agreement shall interfere in any way with the right of the Company or any affiliate of the Company to terminate the employment of the Grantee at any time.

12. Notices . Notices hereunder shall be mailed or delivered to ARP OP at its principal place of business and shall be mailed or delivered to the Grantee at the address on file with ARP OP or, in either case, at such other address as one party may subsequently furnish to the other party in writing.

13. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, applied without regard to conflict of law principles. The parties agree that any action or proceeding arising directly, indirectly or otherwise in connection with, out of , related to or from this Agreement, any breach hereof or any action covered hereby, shall be resolved within the State of Delaware and the parties hereto consent and submit to the jurisdiction of the federal and state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona. The parties hereto further agree that any such action or proceeding brought by either party to enforce any right, assert any claim, obtain any relief whatsoever in connection with this Agreement shall be brought by such party exclusively in federal or state courts located within the City of Phoenix, Arizona.

14. Closing Date . As used herein, “ Closing Date ” shall mean the date of the closing of issuance of common stock of the Company pursuant to the initial offering and placement transaction between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

[ Signatures appear on following page. ]

 

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AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

a Maryland corporation

 

Name:

 

Title:

 

Date:

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.

a Delaware limited partnership

By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC
  its general partner
By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
  its sole member

 

Name:

 

Title:

 

Date:

 

The foregoing agreement is hereby accepted and the terms and conditions thereof hereby agreed to by the Grantee.

 

Date:  

 

  Grantee’s Signature
  Grantee’s name and address:
  Name:  

 

  Address:
 

 

 

 

 

 

[ Signature page to LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement – key employees ]


ANNEX A

FORM OF LIMITED PARTNER SIGNATURE PAGE

The Grantee desiring to become one of the within named Partners of American Residential Properties OP, L.P. (“ ARP OP ”), hereby becomes a party to the Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “ Partnership Agreement ”) of ARP OP, by and among American Residential GP, LLC, as general partner (the “ General Partner ”), and the Limited Partners, effective as of the Closing Date (as defined in the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement, dated                     , 20    , among the Grantee, ARP OP and the General Partner). The Grantee agrees to be bound by the Partnership Agreement. The Grantee also agrees that this signature page may be attached to, and hereby authorizes the General Partner to attach this signature page to, any counterpart of the Partnership Agreement.

 

Date:   

 

   Signature of Limited Partner
   Limited Partner’s name and address:

 

   Name:  

 

   Address:
  

 

  

 

  

 


ATTACHMENT “A”

to

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

LONG TERM INCENTIVE PLAN UNIT VESTING AGREEMENT

[Name of Grantee]

General Release of Claims

Consistent with Section 4 of the Long Term Incentive Plan Unit Vesting Agreement dated                     , 20    , among AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC. (the “ Company ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P. and me (the “ LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement ”) and in consideration for and contingent upon my receipt of the accelerated vesting of LTIP Units set forth in Section 4(a) of the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement, I, for myself, my attorneys, heirs, executors, administrators, successors, and assigns, do hereby fully and forever release and discharge the Company and its Affiliates (as defined in the American Residential Properties, Inc. 2012 Equity Incentive Plan, as amended through the date hereof (the “ Plan ”)), as well as their predecessors, successors, assigns, and their current or former directors, officers, partners, agents, employees, attorneys, and administrators from all suits, causes of action, and/or claims, demands or entitlements of any nature whatsoever, whether known, unknown, or unforeseen, which I have or may have against any of them arising out of or in connection with my employment by the Company, the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement, the termination of my employment with the Company, or any event, transaction, or matter occurring or existing on or before the date of my signing of this General Release, except that I am not releasing any (a) right to indemnification that I may otherwise have, (b) right to salary and benefits under applicable benefit plans that are earned and accrued but unpaid as of the date of my signing this General Release, (c) right to reimbursement for business expenses incurred and not reimbursed as of the date of my signing this General Release, (d) right to any bonus payment(s) or other compensation due to me under the Plan or any subsequent equity incentive plan approved by the Board that is earned and accrued for the most recent completed calendar year for which a bonus payment has not then been paid as of the date of my signing this General Release, or (e) claims arising after the date of my signing this General Release. I agree not to file or otherwise institute any claim, demand or lawsuit seeking damages or other relief and not to otherwise assert any claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I further hereby irrevocably and unconditionally waive any and all rights to recover any relief or damages concerning the claims, demands or entitlements that are lawfully released herein. I represent and warrant that I have not previously filed or joined in any such claims, demands or entitlements against the Company or the other persons released herein and that I will indemnify and hold them harmless from all liabilities, claims, demands, costs, expenses and/or attorneys’ fees incurred as a result of any such claims, demands or lawsuits.

Except as otherwise expressly provided above, this General Release specifically includes, but is not limited to, all claims of breach of contract, employment discrimination (including any claims coming within the scope of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, the Older Workers Benefit Protection Act, the Equal Pay Act, the Americans


with Disabilities Act, the Family and Medical Leave Act, and any comparable Arizona law, all as amended, or any other applicable federal, state, or local law), claims under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act, as amended, claims under the Fair Labor Standards Act, as amended (or any other applicable federal, state or local statute relating to payment of wages), claims concerning recruitment, hiring, termination, salary rate, severance pay, stock options, wages or benefits due, sick leave, holiday pay, vacation pay, life insurance, group medical insurance, any other fringe benefits, worker’s compensation, termination, employment status, libel, slander, defamation, intentional or negligent misrepresentation and/or infliction of emotional distress, together with any and all tort, contract, or other claims which might have been asserted by me or on my behalf in any suit, charge of discrimination, or claim against the Company or the persons released herein.

I acknowledge that I have been given an opportunity of twenty-one (21) days to consider this General Release and that I have been encouraged by the Company to discuss fully the terms of this General Release with legal counsel of my own choosing. Moreover, for a period of seven (7) days following my execution of this General Release, I shall have the right to revoke the waiver of claims arising under the Age Discrimination in Employment Act, a federal statute that prohibits employers from discriminating against employees who are age 40 or over. If I elect to revoke this General Release within this seven-day period, I must inform the Company by delivering a written notice of revocation to the Company’s Director of Human Resources or employee of the Company authorized to perform such function, no later than 11:59 p.m. on the seventh calendar day after I sign this General Release. I understand that, if I elect to exercise this revocation right, this General Release shall be voided in its entirety and the Company shall be relieved of all obligations to permit the acceleration of vesting of LTIP Units pursuant to Section 4(a) of the LTIP Unit Vesting Agreement. I may, if I wish, elect to sign this General Release prior to the expiration of the 21-day consideration period, and I agree that if I elect to do so, my election is made freely and voluntarily and after having an opportunity to consult counsel.

AGREED:

 

[Form of Agreement Only – Do Not Execute]      

 

     

 

 

      Date

Exhibit 10.18

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

Stock Award Agreement

THIS STOCK AWARD AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”), dated as of the ___ day of ___________ 201_, governs the Stock Award granted by AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), to ____________________ (the “Participant”), in accordance with and subject to the provisions of the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). A copy of the Plan has been made available to the Participant. All terms used in this Agreement that are defined in the Plan have the same meaning given them in the Plan.

1. Grant of Stock Award. In accordance with the Plan, and effective as of _________ __, 201_ (the “Date of Grant”), the Company granted to the Participant, subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Agreement, a Stock Award of ______ shares of Common Stock (the “Stock Award”).

2. Vesting. The Participant’s interest in the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award shall become vested and nonforfeitable to the extent provided in paragraphs (a), (b), (c) and (d) below.

(a) Continued Employment. The Participant’s interest in the number of Common Shares that most nearly equals (but does not exceed) one-third of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award shall become vested and nonforfeitable on the first anniversary of the Date of Grant if the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until such date. The Participant’s interest in an additional number of shares of Common Stock that most nearly equals (but does not exceed) one-third of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award shall become vested and nonforfeitable on the second anniversary of the Date of Grant if the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until such date. The Participant’s interest in the remaining shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award shall become vested and nonforfeitable on the third anniversary of the Date of Grant if the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until such date.

(b) Change in Control. The Participant’s interest in all of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award (if not sooner vested), shall become vested and nonforfeitable on a Control Change Date if the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until the Control Change Date.

(c) Death or Disability. The Participant’s interest in all of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award (if not sooner vested), shall become vested and nonforfeitable on the date that the Participant’s employment by the Company and its Affiliates ends if (i) such employment ends on account of the Participant’s death or because the Participant


is “disabled” (as defined in Code section 409A(a)(2)(c)) and (ii) the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until the date such employment ends on account of the Participant’s death or because the Participant is disabled.

(d) Termination of Employment Without Cause. The Participant’s interest in all of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award (if not sooner vested), shall become vested and nonforfeitable as of the date that the Participant’s employment by the Company and its Affiliates ends if (i) such employment is terminated by the Company or an Affiliate without Cause, (ii) the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until the date such employment ends on account of a termination by the Company or an Affiliate without Cause and (iii) the Participant signs a general release of claims in favor of the Company and its Affiliates and other releasees as set forth in a form provided by the Company (the “Release”) and the Release is effective and irrevocable no later than the forty-fifth (45 th ) day after such termination. For purposes of this Agreement, a termination of the Participant’s employment with the Company or an Affiliate is with Cause if such employment is terminated by action of the Company or an Affiliate on account of (i) the Participant’s conviction of (or pleading guilty or nolo contendre to) any felony or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude; (ii) the Participant’s indictment for any felony or being charged with a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude if such indictment or charge is not discharged or otherwise resolved within eighteen (18) months; (iii) the Participant’s commission of an act of fraud, theft, dishonesty or breach of fiduciary duty related to the Company or an Affiliate, the business of the Company or an Affiliate or the performance of the Participant’s duties to the Company or an Affiliate; (iv) the continuing failure to perform, or habitual neglect by the Participant in the performance of, the Participant’s duties to the Company or an Affiliate which, if such failure or neglect is curable, is not cured to the reasonable satisfaction of the Company of an Affiliate within thirty (30) days after the Participant’s receipt of notice of such failure or neglect; or (v) any breach by the Participant of a restrictive covenant or other written agreement between the Participant and the Company which, if such breach is curable, is not cured to the reasonable satisfaction of the Company or an Affiliate within thirty (30) days after the Participant’s receipt of notice of such violation.

Except as provided in this Section 2, any shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award that are not vested and nonforfeitable on or before the date that the Participant’s employment by the Company and its Affiliates ends shall be forfeited on the date that such employment terminates.

3. Transferability. Shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award that have not become vested and nonforfeitable as provided in Section 2 cannot be transferred. Shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award may be transferred, subject to the requirements of applicable securities laws, after they become vested and nonforfeitable as provided in Section 2.

4. Shareholder Rights. On and after the Date of Grant and prior to their forfeiture, the Participant shall have all of the rights of a shareholder of the Company with respect to the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award, including the right to vote the shares and to receive, free of all restrictions, all dividends declared and paid on the shares. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Company shall retain custody of any certificates evidencing the shares of Common Stock covered by the Share Award until the date that the shares of Common

 

2


Stock become vested and nonforfeitable and the Participant hereby appoints the Company’s Secretary as the Participant’s attorney in fact, with full power of substitution, with the power to transfer to the Company and cancel any shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award that are forfeited under Section 2.

5. No Right to Continued Employment. This Agreement and the grant of the Stock Award does not give the Participant any rights with respect to continued employment by the Company or an Affiliate. This Agreement and the grant of the Stock Award shall not interfere with the right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate the Participant’s employment.

6. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Maryland except to the extent that Maryland law would require the application of the laws of another State.

7. Conflicts. In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the Plan as in effect on the Date of Grant and this Agreement, the provisions of the Plan shall govern. All references herein to the Plan shall mean the Plan as in effect on the Date of Grant.

8. Participant Bound by Plan. The Participant hereby acknowledges that a copy of the Plan has been made available to the Participant and the Participant agrees to be bound by all the terms and provisions of the Plan.

9. Binding Effect. Subject to the limitations stated above and in the Plan, this Agreement shall be binding upon the Participant and the Participant’s successors in interest and the Company and any successors of the Company.

[signature page follows]

 

3


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and the Participant have executed this Agreement as of the date first set forth above.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.     [NAME OF PARTICIPANT]
By:          
Title:        

 

4

Exhibit 10.19

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

Stock Award Agreement

THIS STOCK AWARD AGREEMENT (the “Agreement”), dated as of the ___ day of __________ 201_, governs the Stock Award granted by AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), to ____________________ (the “Participant”), in accordance with and subject to the provisions of the Company’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan (the “Plan”). A copy of the Plan has been made available to the Participant. All terms used in this Agreement that are defined in the Plan have the same meaning given them in the Plan.

1. Grant of Stock Award. In accordance with the Plan, and effective as of _________ __, 201_ (the “Date of Grant”), the Company granted to the Participant, subject to the terms and conditions of the Plan and this Agreement, a Stock Award of ______ shares of Common Stock (the “Stock Award”).

2. Vesting. The Participant’s interest in the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award shall become vested and nonforfeitable to the extent provided in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) below.

(a) Continued Employment. The Participant’s interest in the number of Common Shares that most nearly equals (but does not exceed) one-third of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award shall become vested and nonforfeitable on the first anniversary of the Date of Grant if the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until such date. The Participant’s interest in an additional number of shares of Common Stock that most nearly equals (but does not exceed) one-third of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award shall become vested and nonforfeitable on the second anniversary of the Date of Grant if the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until such date. The Participant’s interest in the remaining shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award shall become vested and nonforfeitable on the third anniversary of the Date of Grant if the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until such date.

(b) Change in Control. The Participant’s interest in all of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award (if not sooner vested), shall become vested and nonforfeitable on a Control Change Date if the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until the Control Change Date.

(c) Death or Disability. The Participant’s interest in all of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award (if not sooner vested), shall become vested and nonforfeitable on the date that the Participant’s employment by the Company and its Affiliates ends if (i) such employment ends on account of the Participant’s death or because the Participant


is “disabled” (as defined in Code section 409A(a)(2)(c)) and (ii) the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until the date such employment ends on account of the Participant’s death or because the Participant is disabled.

(d) Termination of Employment Without Cause. The Participant’s interest in all of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award (if not sooner vested), shall become vested and nonforfeitable as of the date that the Participant’s employment by the Company and its Affiliates ends if (i) such employment is terminated by the Company or an Affiliate without Cause, (ii) the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until the date such employment ends on account of a termination by the Company or an Affiliate without Cause and (iii) the Participant signs a general release of claims in favor of the Company and its Affiliates and other releasees as set forth in a form provided by the Company (the “Release”) and the Release is effective and irrevocable no later than the forty-fifth (45 th ) day after such termination. For purposes of this Agreement, a termination of the Participant’s employment with the Company or an Affiliate is with Cause if such employment is terminated by action of the Board on account of (i) the Participant’s conviction of (or pleading guilty or nolo contendre to) any felony or a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude; (ii) the Participant’s indictment for any felony or being charged with a misdemeanor involving moral turpitude if such indictment or charge is not discharged or otherwise resolved within eighteen (18) months; (iii) the Participant’s commission of an act of fraud, theft, dishonesty or breach of fiduciary duty related to the Company or an Affiliate, the business of the Company or an Affiliate or the performance of the Participant’s duties to the Company or an Affiliate; (iv) the continuing failure to perform, or habitual neglect by the Participant in the performance of, the Participant’s duties to the Company or an Affiliate which, if such failure or neglect is curable, is not cured to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board within thirty (30) days after the Participant’s receipt of notice of such failure or neglect; or (v) any breach by the Participant of a restrictive covenant or other written agreement between the Participant and the Company which, if such breach is curable, is not cured to the reasonable satisfaction of the Board within thirty (30) days after the Participant’s receipt of notice of such violation.

(e) Resignation With Good Reason. The Participant’s interest in all of the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award (if not sooner vested) shall become vested and nonforfeitable as of the date that the Participant’s employment by the Company and its Affiliates ends if (i) such employment is terminated by the Participant with Good Reason, (ii) the Participant remains in the continuous employ of the Company or an Affiliate from the Date of Grant until the date such employment ends on account of the Participant’s resignation with Good Reason and (iii) the Participant signs a Release and the Release is effective and irrevocable no later than the forty-fifth (45 th ) day after such termination. For purposes of this Agreement, the Participant’s resignation is with Good Reason if the Participant resigns on account of (i) any material diminution in the Participant’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities (including without limitation the assignment of duties inconsistent with the Participant’s position or a significant adverse alteration of the nature or status of the Participant’s responsibilities or conditions of the Participant’s employment; (ii) any material diminution in the title, authority, duties or responsibilities of the supervisor to whom the Participant is required to report; (iii) after a Change in Control there occurs (x)  a duplication with other Company personnel of the Participant’s title, authorities, duties or responsibilities; (y)  a significant adverse alteration of the

 

2


budget over which the Participant retains authority; or (z)  a duplication with other Company personnel of the title, authority, duties or responsibilities of the supervisor to whom the Participant is required to report; (iv) a material reduction of the Participant’s base salary; (v) the Company’s material breach of a written agreement between the Participant and the Company; or (vi) a determination by the Company to relocate its corporate headquarters to a new location that is more than fifty (50) miles from its headquarters on the Date of Grant. The Participant’s resignation shall not be a resignation with Good Reason unless the Participant gives the Board written notice (delivered within sixty (60) days after the Participant knows of the event, action, etc. that the Participant asserts constitutes Good Reason), the event, action, etc. that the Participant asserts constitutes Good Reason is not cured, to the reasonable satisfaction of the Participant, within thirty (30) days after such notice and the Participant resigns effective not later than six (6) months after the date the Participant knows of the event, action, etc. that the Participant asserts constitutes Good Reason.

Except as provided in this Section 2, any shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award that are not vested and nonforfeitable on or before the date that the Participant’s employment by the Company and its Affiliates ends shall be forfeited on the date that such employment terminates.

3. Transferability. Shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award that have not become vested and nonforfeitable as provided in Section 2 cannot be transferred. Shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award may be transferred, subject to the requirements of applicable securities laws, after they become vested and nonforfeitable as provided in Section 2.

4. Shareholder Rights. On and after the Date of Grant and prior to their forfeiture, the Participant shall have all of the rights of a shareholder of the Company with respect to the shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award, including the right to vote the shares and to receive, free of all restrictions, all dividends declared and paid on the shares. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, the Company shall retain custody of any certificates evidencing the shares of Common Stock covered by the Share Award until the date that the shares of Common Stock become vested and nonforfeitable and the Participant hereby appoints the Company’s Secretary as the Participant’s attorney in fact, with full power of substitution, with the power to transfer to the Company and cancel any shares of Common Stock covered by the Stock Award that are forfeited under Section 2.

5. No Right to Continued Employment. This Agreement and the grant of the Stock Award does not give the Participant any rights with respect to continued employment by the Company or an Affiliate. This Agreement and the grant of the Stock Award shall not interfere with the right of the Company or an Affiliate to terminate the Participant’s employment.

6. Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Maryland except to the extent that Maryland law would require the application of the laws of another State.

 

3


7. Conflicts. In the event of any conflict between the provisions of the Plan as in effect on the Date of Grant and this Agreement, the provisions of the Plan shall govern. All references herein to the Plan shall mean the Plan as in effect on the Date of Grant.

8. Participant Bound by Plan. The Participant hereby acknowledges that a copy of the Plan has been made available to the Participant and the Participant agrees to be bound by all the terms and provisions of the Plan.

9. Binding Effect. Subject to the limitations stated above and in the Plan, this Agreement shall be binding upon the Participant and the Participant’s successors in interest and the Company and any successors of the Company.

[signature page follows]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company and the Participant have executed this Agreement as of the date first set forth above.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.     [NAME OF PARTICIPANT]
By:          
Title:        

 

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Exhibit 10.20

EXECUTION COPY

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

This Registration Rights Agreement (this “ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of May 11, 2012, between American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (together with any successor entity thereto, the “ Company ”), and FBR Capital Markets & Co., a Delaware corporation, as the initial purchaser/placement agent (“ FBR ”), for the benefit of FBR, the purchasers of up to an aggregate of 10,500,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “ Common Stock ”) and any additional shares of Common Stock purchased pursuant to the additional allotment option set forth in the Purchase/Placement Agreement, as participants (“ Participants ”) in the private placement by the Company of shares of its Common Stock (the “ Offering ”), and the direct and indirect transferees of FBR, and each of the Participants.

This Agreement is made pursuant to the Purchase/Placement Agreement (the “ Purchase/Placement Agreement ”), dated as of May 4, 2012, between the Company and FBR in connection with the purchase and sale or placement of an aggregate of 10,500,000 shares of Common Stock (plus an additional 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock to cover additional allotments, if any). In order to induce FBR to enter into the Purchase/Placement Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide the registration rights provided for in this Agreement to FBR, the Participants, and their respective direct and indirect transferees. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and FBR is a condition to the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase/Placement Agreement.

The parties hereby agree as follows:

 

1. Definitions

As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

Accredited Investor Shares:  Shares initially sold by the Company to “accredited investors” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) promulgated under the Securities Act) as Participants.

Affiliate:  As to any specified Person, (i) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding, with power to vote, ten percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person, (ii) any Person, ten percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held, with power to vote, by such other Person, (iii) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such other Person, (iv) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such Person and (v) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner. An indirect relationship shall include circumstances in which a Person’s spouse, children, parents, siblings or mother, father, sister- or brother-in-law share the same household with such Person or has the described relationship with such Person.

Agreement:  As defined in the preamble.


Board of Directors:  As defined in Section 3(b) hereof.

Business Day:  With respect to any act to be performed hereunder, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York or other applicable places where such act is to occur are authorized or obligated by applicable law, regulation or executive order to close.

Closing Date:  May 11, 2012 or such other time or such other date as FBR and the Company may agree.

Commission:  The Securities and Exchange Commission.

Common Stock:  As defined in the preamble.

Company:  As defined in the preamble.

Controlling Person:  As defined in Section 7(a) hereof.

End of Suspension Notice:  As defined in Section 6(b) hereof.

Exchange Act:  The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission pursuant thereto.

FBR:  As defined in the preamble.

FINRA:  The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, formerly the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.

Holder:  Each record owner of any Registrable Shares from time to time, including FBR and its Affiliates to the extent FBR or any such Affiliate holds any Registrable Shares.

Indemnified Party:  As defined in Section 7(c) hereof.

Indemnifying Party:  As defined in Section 7(c) hereof.

IPO Registration Statement:  As defined in Section 2(b) hereof.

Issuer Free Writing Prospectus:  As defined in Section 2(c) hereof.

Liabilities:  As defined in Section 7(a) hereof.

No Objections Letter:  As defined in Section 5(t) hereof.

Nominee:  As defined in Section 3(c) hereof.

 

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Offering:  As defined in the preamble.

Participants:  As defined in the preamble.

Person:  An individual, partnership, corporation, trust, limited liability company, unincorporated organization, government or agency or political subdivision thereof, or any other legal entity.

Proceeding:  An action (including a class action), claim, suit or proceeding (including without limitation, an investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or, to the knowledge of the Person subject thereto, threatened.

Prospectus:  The prospectus included in any Registration Statement, including any preliminary prospectus at the “time of sale” within the meaning of Rule 159 under the Securities Act and all other amendments and supplements to any such prospectus, including post-effective amendments, and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference, if any, in such prospectus.

Purchase/Placement Agreement:  As defined in the preamble.

Purchaser Indemnitee:  As defined in Section 7(a) hereof.

Registrable Shares:  The Rule 144A Shares, the Accredited Investor Shares, the Regulation S Shares, together with the Shares of Common Stock that will be issued to certain directors and officers of the Company in the Offering pursuant to a directed share program, upon original issuance thereof, and at all times subsequent thereto, including upon the transfer thereof by the original holder or any subsequent holder and any shares or other securities issued in respect of such Registrable Shares by reason of or in connection with any stock dividend, stock distribution, stock split, purchase in any rights offering or in connection with any exchange for or replacement of such Registrable Shares or any combination of shares, recapitalization, merger or consolidation, or any other equity securities issued pursuant to any other pro rata distribution with respect to the Common Stock, until the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which the resale of such shares has been registered pursuant to the Securities Act and such shares have been disposed of in accordance with the Registration Statement filed in connection therewith; (ii) the date on which such shares either have been transferred pursuant to Rule 144 (or any similar provision then in effect) or are freely saleable, without condition pursuant to Rule 144, including any current public information requirements, and are listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Global Market or a similar national securities exchange or (iii) the date on which such shares are sold to the Company or cease to be outstanding.

Registration Default:  As defined in Section 2(f) hereof.

Registration Expenses:  Any and all fees and expenses incident to the Company’s and FBR’s performance of or compliance with this Agreement, including, without limitation: (i) all Commission, securities exchange, FINRA or other registration, listing, inclusion and filing fees; (ii) all fees and expenses incurred in connection with compliance with international, federal or

 

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state securities or blue sky laws (including, without limitation, any registration, listing and filing fees and reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel in connection with blue sky qualification of any of the Registrable Shares and the preparation of a blue sky memorandum and compliance with the rules of FINRA); (iii) all expenses in preparing or assisting in preparing, word processing, duplicating, printing, delivering and distributing any Registration Statement, any Prospectus, any amendments or supplements thereto, any underwriting agreements, securities sales agreements, certificates and any other documents relating to the performance under and compliance with this Agreement; (iv) all fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing or inclusion of any of the Registrable Shares on any securities exchange pursuant to Section 5(n) of this Agreement; (v) the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company and of the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company (including, without limitation, the expenses of any special audit and “cold comfort” letters required by or incident to the performance of this Agreement); (vi) reasonable fees and disbursements of Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, or one such other counsel, reasonably acceptable to the Company, for FBR and the Holders, selected by FBR (such counsel, “ Selling Holders’ Counsel ”), provided that if such counsel is prevented from representing both FBR and the Holders, separate counsel shall be provided; and (vii) any fees and disbursements customarily paid in issues and sales of securities (including the fees and expenses of any experts retained by the Company in connection with any Registration Statement); provided, however , that Registration Expenses shall exclude brokers’ or underwriters’ discounts and commissions, if any, relating to the sale or disposition of Registrable Shares by a Holder.

Registration Statement:  Any registration statement of the Company that covers the resale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, including the Prospectus, amendments and supplements to such registration statement or Prospectus, including pre- and post-effective amendments, all exhibits thereto and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference, if any, in such registration statement.

Regulation S:  Regulation S (Rules 901-905) promulgated by the Commission under the Securities Act, as such rules may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such regulation.

Regulation S Shares:  Shares initially resold by FBR pursuant to the Purchase/Placement Agreement to “non-U.S. persons” (in accordance with Regulation S) in an “offshore transaction” (in accordance with Regulation S).

Rule 144:  Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 144A:  Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

 

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Rule 144A Shares:  Shares initially resold by FBR pursuant to the Purchase/Placement Agreement to “qualified institutional buyers” (as such term is defined in Rule 144A).

Rule 158:  Rule 158 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 159:  Rule 159 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 405:  Rule 405 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 415:  Rule 415 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 424:  Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 429:  Rule 429 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 433:  Rule 433 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Securities Act:  The Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder.

Selling Holders’ Counsel:  As defined in clause (vi) of the definition for Registration Expenses.

Shares:  The shares of Common Stock being offered and sold pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Purchase/Placement Agreement.

Shelf Registration Statement:  As defined in Section 2(a) hereof.

Special Election Meeting:  As defined in Section 3(a) hereof.

Suspension Event:  As defined in Section 6(b) hereof.

 

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Suspension Notice:  As defined in Section 6(b) hereof.

Trigger Date:  As defined in Section 3(a) hereof.

Underwritten Offering:  A sale of securities of the Company to an underwriter or underwriters for re-offering to the public.

 

2. Registration Rights

(a) Mandatory Shelf Registration. As set forth in Section 5 hereof, the Company agrees to file with the Commission as soon as reasonably practicable following the date of this Agreement (but in no event later than April 30, 2013) a shelf Registration Statement on Form S-11 or such other form under the Securities Act then available to the Company providing for the resale of any Registrable Shares pursuant to Rule 415 from time to time by the Holders (a “ Shelf Registration Statement ”). The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Shelf Registration Statement to be declared effective by the Commission as soon as practicable but in any event, subject to Section 2(b)(iii) below, within one hundred eighty (180) days after the initial filing thereof. Any Shelf Registration Statement shall provide for the resale from time to time, and pursuant to any method or combination of methods legally available (including, without limitation, an Underwritten Offering, a direct sale to purchasers or a sale through brokers or agents, which may include sales over the internet) by the Holders of any and all Registrable Shares.

(b) IPO Registration. If the Company proposes to file a registration statement on Form S-11 or such other form under the Securities Act providing for the initial public offering of shares of Common Stock (the “ IPO Registration Statement ”), the Company will notify in writing each Holder of the filing within five (5) Business Days after the initial filing and afford each Holder an opportunity to include in the IPO Registration Statement all or any part of the Registrable Shares then held by such Holder. Each Holder desiring to include in the IPO Registration Statement all or part of the Registrable Shares held by such Holder shall, within twenty (20) days after receipt of the above-described notice from the Company, so notify the Company in writing, and in such notice shall inform the Company of the number of Registrable Shares such Holder wishes to include in the IPO Registration Statement. Any election by any Holder to include any Registrable Shares in the IPO Registration Statement will not affect the inclusion of such Registrable Shares in the Shelf Registration Statement until such Registrable Shares have been sold under the IPO Registration Statement.

(i) Right to Terminate IPO Registration. The Company shall have the right to terminate or withdraw the IPO Registration Statement initiated by it and referred to in this Section 2(b) prior to the effectiveness of such registration whether or not any Holder has elected to include Registrable Shares in such registration; provided, however , the Company must provide each Holder that elected to include any Registrable Shares in such IPO Registration Statement prompt written notice of such termination or withdrawal. Furthermore, in the event the IPO Registration Statement is not declared effective within ninety (90) days following the initial filing of the IPO Registration Statement, unless a road show for the Underwritten Offering pursuant to the IPO

 

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Registration Statement is actually in progress at such time, the Company shall promptly provide a new written notice to all Holders giving them another opportunity to elect to include Registrable Shares in the pending IPO Registration Statement. Each Holder receiving such notice shall have the same election rights afforded such Holder as described in clause (b) above.

(ii) Selection of Underwriter. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in that certain engagement letter, dated March 23, 2012, by and between FBR and the Company, and any rights of FBR set forth therein, the Company shall have the right to select the managing underwriter(s) for its initial public offering, regardless of whether any Registrable Shares are included in the IPO Registration Statement or otherwise.

(iii) Filing of Shelf Registration Statement not Impacted by IPO Registration Statement. The Company’s obligation to file the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with Section 2(a) hereof shall not be affected by the filing or effectiveness of the IPO Registration Statement. In addition, the Company’s obligation to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Shelf Registration Statement to be declared effective by the Commission in accordance with Section 2(a) hereof shall not be affected by the filing or effectiveness of an IPO Registration Statement; provided, however , if the Company files an IPO Registration Statement before the effective date of the Shelf Registration Statement and the Company has used or is using commercially reasonable efforts to pursue the completion of such initial public offering, the Company shall have the right to defer causing the Commission to declare such Shelf Registration Statement effective until up to sixty (60) days after the closing date of its initial public offering pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement. Nothing in this Section 2(b)(iii) shall affect the Company’s obligation to hold a Special Election Meeting as provided in Section 3 of this Agreement.

(c) Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. The Company represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of Selling Holders’ Counsel or the consent of the managing underwriter in connection with any Underwritten Offering of Registrable Shares, and each Holder represents and agrees that, unless it obtains the prior consent of the Company and any such underwriter, it will not make any offer relating to the Shares that would constitute an “issuer free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 433 (an “ Issuer Free Writing Prospectus ”), or that would otherwise constitute a “free writing prospectus,” as defined in Rule 405, required to be filed with the Commission. The Company represents that any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus will not include any information that conflicts with the information contained in any Registration Statement or the related Prospectus, and any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, when taken together with the information in such Registration Statement and the related Prospectus, will not include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading.

(d) Underwriting. The Company shall advise all Holders of the lead managing underwriter for the Underwritten Offering proposed under the IPO Registration Statement. The right of any such Holder’s Registrable Shares to be included in the IPO Registration Statement

 

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pursuant to Section 2(b) shall be conditioned upon such Holder’s participation in such underwriting and the inclusion of such Holder’s Registrable Shares in the underwriting to the extent provided herein. All Holders proposing to distribute their Registrable Shares through such underwriting shall enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with the managing underwriter(s) selected for such underwriting and complete and execute any questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, custody agreements, securities escrow agreements and other documents, including opinions of counsel, reasonably required under the terms of such underwriting, and furnish to the Company such information as the Company may reasonably request in writing for inclusion in the Registration Statement; provided , however , that no Holder shall be required to make any representations or warranties to or agreements with the Company or the underwriters other than representations, warranties or agreements regarding such Holder and such Holder’s intended method of distribution and any other representation required by law or reasonably requested by the underwriters. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if the managing underwriter(s) determine(s) in good faith that marketing factors require a limitation on the number of shares to be included, then the managing underwriter(s) may exclude shares (including Registrable Shares) from the IPO Registration Statement and Underwritten Offering, and any shares included in such IPO Registration Statement and Underwritten Offering shall be allocated first , to the Company, and second , to each of the Holders requesting inclusion of their Registrable Shares in such IPO Registration Statement (on a pro rata basis based on the total number of Registrable Shares then held by each such Holder who is requesting inclusion); provided , however , that the number of Registrable Shares to be included in the IPO Registration Statement shall not be reduced unless all other securities of the Company held by (i) officers, directors, other employees of the Company and consultants and (ii) any other holders of the Company’s capital stock with registration rights that are inferior (with respect to such reduction) to the registration rights of each of the Holders set forth herein, are first entirely excluded from the underwriting and registration; provided , further , however , that Holders of Registrable Shares shall be permitted to include Registrable Shares comprising at least twenty-five percent (25%) of the total securities included in the Underwritten Offering proposed under the IPO Registration Statement.

By electing to include the Registrable Shares in the IPO Registration Statement, the Holder of such Registrable Shares shall be deemed to have agreed not to effect any public sale or distribution of securities of the Company of the same or similar class or classes of the securities included in the IPO Registration Statement or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities, including a sale pursuant to Rule 144 or Rule 144A under the Securities Act, during such periods as reasonably requested (but in no event for a period longer than thirty (30) days prior to and one hundred eighty (180) days following the effective date of the IPO Registration Statement) by the representatives of the underwriters, if an Underwritten Offering, or by the Company in any other registration.

If any Holder disapproves of the terms of any such underwriting, such Holder may elect to withdraw therefrom by written notice to the Company and the managing underwriter(s), delivered at least ten (10) Business Days prior to the effective date of the IPO Registration Statement. Any Registrable Shares excluded or withdrawn from such underwriting shall be excluded and withdrawn from the registration.

 

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(e) Expenses. The Company shall pay all Registration Expenses in connection with the registration of the Registrable Shares pursuant to this Agreement. Each Holder participating in a registration pursuant to this Section 2 shall bear such Holder’s proportionate share (based on the total number of Registrable Shares sold in such registration) of all discounts and commissions payable to underwriters or brokers and all transfer taxes and transfer fees in connection with a registration of Registrable Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

(f) Penalty Provisions . If the Company does not file a Registration Statement registering the resale of the Registrable Shares by April 30, 2013, other than as a result of the Commission being unable to accept such filings (a “Registration Default” ), then each of Stephen G. Schmitz and Laurie A. Hawkes, if employed by the Company and at any time is owed an annual and/or discretionary bonus with respect to services performed in 2012, whether under an employment agreement with the Company, a bonus plan or any other bonus arrangement, including any bonus compensation for which payment would otherwise be deferred until after that fiscal year, shall forfeit fifty percent (50%) of the amount that would otherwise be payable to him or her in respect of such bonus, and shall thereafter forfeit an additional ten percent (10%) of the amount that would otherwise be payable to him or her in respect of such bonus for each complete calendar month any such Registration Default continues after April 30, 2013 until the Shelf Registration Statement is filed. The Company acknowledges and agrees that that no bonuses, compensation, awards, equity compensation or other amounts shall be payable or granted in lieu of or to make Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes whole for any such forfeited bonuses.

 

3. Special Election Meeting.

(a) Subject to the last sentence of this Section 3(a), if either (i) a Shelf Registration Statement registering the resale of the Registrable Shares has not been declared effective by the Commission and the Company has not completed an initial public offering pursuant to an IPO Registration, or (ii) the Common Stock of the Company has not been listed for trading on a national securities exchange, before October 29, 2013 (the “ Trigger Date ”), a special meeting of stockholders (the “ Special Election Meeting ”) shall be called in accordance with the Bylaws of the Company; provided that the requirement to hold a Special Election Meeting may be waived or deferred upon the Company’s receipt of the consent, at a duly called meeting or by written consent, of Holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the outstanding Registrable Shares, may waive the requirement to hold the Special Election meeting (at a duly called meeting or by written consent); provided, however , that Registrable Shares that are owned, directly or indirectly, by an “executive officer” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act) of the Company shall not be deemed to be outstanding for this purpose. The Special Election Meeting shall occur as soon as reasonably practicable following the Trigger Date but in no event more than thirty (30) days after the Trigger Date. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company shall have no obligation to hold a Special Election Meeting pursuant to this Section 3 or the Bylaws of the Company if the Company has completed an initial public offering pursuant to an IPO Registration Statement and the Common Stock of the Company has been listed for trading on a national securities exchange before the Trigger Date.

 

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(b) Purposes of Meeting. The Special Election Meeting called in accordance with the Bylaws of the Company shall be called solely for the purposes of: (i) considering and voting upon proposals to remove each then-serving director of the Company and (ii) electing such number of directors as there are then vacancies on the board of directors of the Company (the “ Board of Directors ”) (including any vacancies created by the removal of any director pursuant to this Section 3(b)). The removal of any director pursuant to Section 3(b)(i) hereof shall be effective immediately upon the receipt of the final report of the Inspector of Elections for the Special Election Meeting that reports the receipt of the requisite vote to approve the proposal to remove such director.

(c) Nominations. Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors at the Special Election Meeting may only be made (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) upon receipt by the Company of written notice of Holders entitled to cast, or direct the casting of, not less than twenty percent (20%) of all the votes entitled to be cast at the Special Election Meeting and containing the information specified by Section 3(d) hereof, in addition to any other information required by the Company’s Bylaws. Each individual whose nomination is made in accordance with this Section 3(c) is hereinafter referred to as a “ Nominee .”

(d) Procedure for Stockholder Nominations. For nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors to be properly brought before the Special Election Meeting by Holders pursuant to Section 3(d) hereof, a Holder entitled to nominate individuals for election to the Board of Directors at the Special Election Meeting must have given notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Company not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the tenth (10 th ) calendar day after the Trigger Date. Such notice shall include each such proposed Nominee’s written consent to serve as a director, if elected, and shall specify, in addition to any information required by the Company’s Bylaws:

(i) as to each proposed Nominee, the name, age, business address and residence address of such proposed Nominee and all other information relating to such proposed Nominee that would be required, pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act (or any successor provision), to be disclosed in a contested solicitation of proxies with respect to the election of such individual as a director; and

(ii) as to each Holder giving the notice, the class, series and number of all shares of capital stock of the Company that are owned by such Holder, beneficially or of record.

(e) Notice. Not less than fifteen (15) nor more than twenty-five (25) days before the Special Election Meeting, the Secretary of the Company shall give to each stockholder entitled to vote at, or to receive notice of, such meeting at such stockholder’s address as it appears in the share transfer records of the Company, notice in writing setting forth (i) the time and place of the Special Election Meeting, (ii) the purposes for which the Special Election Meeting has been called and (iii) the name of each Nominee.

 

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4. Rules 144 and 144A Reporting

With a view to making available the benefits of certain rules and regulations of the Commission that may at any time permit the resale of the Registrable Shares to the public without registration, the Company agrees to:

(a) make and keep current public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, at all times after the effective date of the first registration statement under the Securities Act filed by the Company for an offering of its securities to the general public;

(b) to file with the Commission in a timely manner all reports and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (at any time after it has become subject to such reporting requirements);

(c) so long as a Holder owns any Registrable Shares, if the Company is not required to file reports and other documents under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, it will make available other information as required by, and so long as necessary to permit resales of Registrable Shares pursuant to, Rule 144 or Rule 144A, and in any event shall make available (either by mailing a copy thereof, by posting on the Company’s website, by inclusion in any registration statement filed by the Company with the Commission under the Securities Act, by press release or otherwise) to each Holder a copy of:

(i) the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements (including at least balance sheets, statements of profit and loss, statements of stockholders’ equity and statements of cash flows) prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, accompanied by an audit report of the Company’s independent accountants, no later than ninety (90) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company;

(ii) the Company’s unaudited quarterly financial statements (including at least balance sheets, statements of profit and loss, statements of stockholders’ equity and statements of cash flows) prepared in a manner consistent with the preparation of the Company’s annual financial statements, no later than forty-five (45) days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of the Company; and

(iii) any other information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act; and

(d) hold, a reasonable time after the availability of such financial statements (and in any event within sixty (60) days after the applicable fiscal quarter end and ninety (90) days after the applicable fiscal year end) and upon reasonable notice to the Holders and FBR (either by mail, by posting on the Company’s website, or by press release), a quarterly investor conference call to discuss such financial statements, which call will also include an opportunity for the Holders to ask questions of management with regard to such financial statements, and will also cooperate with, and make management reasonably available to, FBR personnel in connection with making Company information available to investors; and

(e) so long as a Holder owns any Registrable Shares, to furnish to the Holder promptly upon request (i) a written statement by the Company as to its compliance with the reporting requirements of Rule 144 (at any time after ninety (90) days after the effective date of the first registration statement filed by the Company for an offering of its securities to the general public), and of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (at any time after its has become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act), (ii) a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Company, and (iii) such other reports and documents of the Company, and take such further actions, as a Holder may reasonably request in availing itself of any rule or regulation of the Commission allowing a Holder to sell any such Registrable Shares without registration.

 

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5. Registration Procedures

In connection with the obligations of the Company with respect to any registration pursuant to this Agreement, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to effect or cause to be effected the registration of the Registrable Shares under the Securities Act to permit the sale of such Registrable Shares by the Holder or Holders in accordance with the Holder’s or Holders’ intended method or methods of distribution, and the Company shall:

(a) (i) notify FBR and Selling Holders’ Counsel, in writing, at least ten (10) Business Days prior to filing a Registration Statement, of its intention to file such Registration Statement with the Commission and, at least five (5) Business Days prior to filing, provide a copy of such Registration Statement to FBR, its counsel and Selling Holders’ Counsel for review and comment; (ii) prepare and file with the Commission, as specified in this Agreement, a Registration Statement(s), which Registration Statement(s) shall (x) comply as to form in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable form and include all financial statements required by the Commission to be filed therewith and (y) be acceptable to FBR, its counsel and Selling Holders’ Counsel; (iii) notify FBR and Selling Holders’ Counsel in writing, at least five (5) Business Days prior to filing of any amendment or supplement to such Registration Statement and, at least three (3) Business Days prior to filing, provide a copy of such amendment or supplement to FBR, its counsel and Selling Holders’ Counsel for review and comment; (iv) promptly following receipt from the Commission, provide to FBR, its counsel and Selling Holders’ Counsel copies of any comments made by the staff of the Commission relating to such Registration Statement and of the Company’s responses thereto for review and comment; and (v) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement to become effective as soon as practicable after filing and to remain effective, subject to Section 6 hereof, until the earlier of (A) such time as all Registrable Shares covered thereby have been sold in accordance with the intended distribution of such Registrable Shares, (B) such time as all of the Registrable Shares are eligible for sale without any volume or manner of sale restrictions or compliance by the Company with any current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144 (or any successor or analogous rule) under the Securities Act; (C) there are no Registrable Shares outstanding or (D) the first (1 st ) anniversary of the effective date of such Registration Statement (subject to extension as provided in Section 6(c) hereof and the condition

 

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that the Registrable Shares have been transferred to an unrestricted CUSIP, are listed or included on the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Global Market, pursuant to Section 5(n) of this Agreement, or on an alternative trading system with the Registrable Shares qualified under the applicable state securities or “blue sky” laws of all fifty (50) states), and can be sold under Rule 144 without limitation as to manner of sale or volume; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to cause the IPO Registration Statement to remain effective for any period longer than ninety (90) days following the effective date of the IPO Registration Statement (subject to extension as provided in Section 6(c) hereof); provided , further , that if the Company has an effective Shelf Registration Statement on Form S-11 (or other form then available to the Company) under the Securities Act and becomes eligible to use Form S-3 or such other short-form registration statement form under the Securities Act, the Company may, upon thirty (30) Business Days prior written notice to all Holders, register any Registrable Shares registered but not yet distributed under the effective Shelf Registration Statement on such a short-form Shelf Registration Statement and, once the short-form Shelf Registration Statement is declared effective, de-register such shares under the previous Shelf Registration Statement or transfer the filing fees from the previous Shelf Registration Statement (such transfer pursuant to Rule 429, if applicable) unless any Holder registered under the initial Shelf Registration Statement notifies the Company within fifteen (15) Business Days of receipt of the Company notice that such a registration under a new short-form Shelf Registration Statement and de-registration of the initial Shelf Registration Statement would interfere with its distribution of Registrable Shares already in progress, in which case, the Company shall delay the effectiveness of the new short-form Shelf Registration Statement and termination of the then-effective initial Shelf Registration Statement or any short-form Shelf Registration Statement for a period of not less than thirty (30) days from the date that the Company receives the notice from such Holders requesting a delay;

(b) subject to Section 5(i) hereof, (i) prepare and file with the Commission such amendments and post-effective amendments to each such Registration Statement as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective for the period described in Section 5(a) hereof; (ii) cause each Prospectus contained therein to be supplemented to the extent required by the Securities Act, and as so supplemented to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 or any similar rule that may be adopted under the Securities Act; and (iii) comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by each Registration Statement during the applicable period in accordance with the intended method or methods of distribution by the selling Holders thereof;

(c) furnish to the Holders, without charge, as many copies of each Prospectus, including each preliminary Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto and such other documents as such Holder may reasonably request, in order to facilitate the public sale or other disposition of the Registrable Shares; the Company consents, subject to Section 6 hereof, to the use of such Prospectus, including each preliminary Prospectus, by the Holders, if any, in connection with the offering and sale of the Registrable Shares covered by any such Prospectus;

(d) use its commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify, or obtain exemption from registration or qualification for, all Registrable Shares by the time the applicable Registration Statement is declared effective by the Commission under all applicable state

 

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securities or “blue sky” laws of such jurisdictions as FBR or any Holder of Registrable Shares covered by a Registration Statement shall reasonably request in writing, keep each such registration or qualification or exemption effective during the period such Registration Statement is required to be kept effective pursuant to Section 5(a) and do any and all other acts and things that may be reasonably necessary or advisable to enable such Holder to consummate the disposition in each such jurisdiction of such Registrable Shares owned by such Holder; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction or to register as a broker or dealer in such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 5(d) and except as may be required by the Securities Act, (ii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction, or (iii) submit to the general service of process in any such jurisdiction;

(e) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all Registrable Shares covered by such Registration Statement to be registered and approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to enable the Holders thereof to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Shares;

(f) (i) notify FBR and each Holder promptly and, if requested by FBR or any Holder, confirm such advice in writing (A) when a Registration Statement has become effective and when any post-effective amendments and supplements thereto become effective, (B) of the issuance by the Commission or any state securities authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement or the initiation of any Proceeding for that purpose, (C) of any request by the Commission or any other federal, state or foreign governmental authority for (1) amendments or supplements to a Registration Statement or related Prospectus or (2) additional information and (D) of the happening of any event during the period a Registration Statement is effective as a result of which such Registration Statement or the related Prospectus or any document incorporated by reference therein contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading (which information shall be accompanied by an instruction to suspend the use of the Prospectus until the requisite changes have been made); and (ii) at the request of any such Holder, promptly to furnish to such Holder a reasonable number of copies of a supplement to or an amendment of such Prospectus as may be necessary so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchaser of such securities, such Prospectus shall not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading;

(g) use its commercially reasonable efforts to avoid the issuance of, or if issued, to obtain the withdrawal of, any order enjoining or suspending the use or effectiveness of a Registration Statement or suspending the qualification of (or exemption from qualification of) any of the Registrable Shares for sale in any jurisdiction, as promptly as practicable;

(h) upon request, promptly furnish to each requesting Holder of Registrable Shares covered by a Registration Statement, without charge, at least one conformed copy of such Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment or supplement thereto (without documents incorporated therein by reference or exhibits thereto, unless requested);

 

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(i) except as provided in Section 6 hereof, upon the occurrence of any event contemplated by Section 5(f)(i)(D) hereof, use its commercially reasonable efforts to promptly prepare a supplement or post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement or the related Prospectus or any document incorporated therein by reference or file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of the Registrable Shares, such Prospectus will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

(j) if requested by the representative of the underwriters, if any, or any Holders of Registrable Shares being sold in connection with such offering, (i) promptly incorporate in a Prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment such information as the representative of the underwriters, if any, or such Holders indicate relates to them or that they reasonably request be included therein and (ii) make all required filings of such Prospectus supplement or such post-effective amendment as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company has received notification of the matters to be incorporated in such Prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment;

(k) in the case of an Underwritten Offering, use its commercially reasonable efforts to furnish to the underwriters: (i) an opinion of counsel for the Company, addressed to the underwriters, dated the date of each closing under the underwriting agreement, reasonably satisfactory to the underwriters; and (ii) a “comfort” letter, addressed to the underwriters and the Board of Directors, dated the effective date of such Registration Statement and the date of each closing under the underwriting agreement, signed by the independent public accountants who have certified the Company’s financial statements included in such Registration Statement, covering substantially the same matters with respect to such Registration Statement (and the Prospectus included therein) and with respect to events subsequent to the date of such financial statements, as are customarily covered in accountants’ letters delivered to underwriters in underwritten public offerings of securities and such other financial matters as the underwriters may reasonably request;

(l) enter into customary agreements (including in the case of an Underwritten Offering, an underwriting agreement in customary form and reasonably satisfactory to the Company) and take all other reasonable action in connection therewith in order to expedite or facilitate the distribution of the Registrable Shares included in such Registration Statement and, in the case of an Underwritten Offering, make representations and warranties to the underwriters in such form and scope as are customarily made by issuers to underwriters in underwritten offerings and confirm the same to the extent customary if and when requested;

(m) make available for inspection by representatives of the Holders and the representative of any underwriters participating in any disposition pursuant to a Registration Statement and any special counsel or accountants retained by such Holders or underwriters, all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company and cause the respective officers, directors and employees of the Company to supply all information reasonably requested by any such representatives, the representative of the underwriters, counsel thereto or accountants in connection with a Registration Statement; provided, however, that such

 

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records, documents or information that the Company determines, in good faith, to be confidential and notifies such representatives, representative of the underwriters, counsel thereto or accountants are confidential shall not be disclosed by such representatives, representative of the underwriters, counsel thereto or accountants unless (i) the disclosure of such records, documents or information is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in a Registration Statement or Prospectus, (ii) the release of such records, documents or information is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other order from a court of competent jurisdiction, or (iii) such records, documents or information have been generally made available to the public; provided, further , that the representatives of the Holders and any underwriters will use commercially reasonable efforts, to the extent practicable, to coordinate the foregoing inspection and information gathering and not materially disrupt the Company’s business operations; provided, further , that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Company shall not provide any material non-public information to any Holder without such Holder’s prior written agreement to keep such information confidential;

(n) use its commercially reasonable efforts (including, without limitation, seeking to cure any deficiencies cited by the exchange or market in the Company’s listing or inclusion application) to list or include all Registrable Shares on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Global Market or a similar national securities exchange;

(o) prepare and file in a timely manner all documents and reports required by the Exchange Act and, to the extent the Company’s obligation to file such reports pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act expires prior to the expiration of the effectiveness period of the Registration Statement as required by Section 5(a) hereof, the Company shall register the Registrable Shares under the Exchange Act and shall maintain such registration through the effectiveness period required by Section 5(a) hereof;

(p) provide a CUSIP number for all Registrable Shares, not later than the effective date of the Registration Statement;

(q) (i) otherwise use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the Commission, (ii) make generally available to its stockholders, as soon as reasonably practicable, earnings statements covering at least twelve (12) months beginning after the effective date of the Registration Statement that satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 (or any similar rule promulgated under the Securities Act) thereunder, but in no event later than forty-five (45) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company and (iii) not file any Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement to such Registration Statement or Prospectus to which any Holder of Registrable Shares covered by any Registration Statement shall have reasonably objected on the grounds that such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement does not comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, such Holder having been furnished with a copy thereof at least two (2) Business Days prior to the filing thereof;

(r) provide and cause to be maintained a registrar and transfer agent for all Registrable Shares covered by any Registration Statement from and after a date not later than the effective date of such Registration Statement;

 

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(s) in connection with any sale or transfer of the Registrable Shares (whether or not pursuant to a Registration Statement) that will result in the securities being delivered no longer being Registrable Shares, cooperate with the Holders and the representative of the underwriters, if any, to facilitate the timely, in the case of beneficial interests in Shares held through a depositary, transfer of such equivalent Registrable Shares with an unrestricted CUSIP, or in the case of certificated shares, preparation and delivery of certificates representing the Registrable Shares to be sold, which certificates shall not bear any restrictive transfer legends (other than as required by the Company’s charter) and to enable such Registrable Shares to be in such denominations and registered in such names as the representative of the underwriters, if any, or the Holders may request at least three (3) Business Days prior to any sale of the Registrable Shares;

(t) in connection with the initial filing of a Shelf Registration Statement and each amendment thereto with the Commission pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, cooperate with FBR in connection with the filing with FINRA of all forms and information required or requested by FINRA in order to obtain written confirmation from FINRA that FINRA does not object to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements (or any deemed underwriting terms and arrangements) (each such written confirmation, a “ No Objections Letter ”) relating to the resale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement, including, without limitation, information provided to FINRA through its COBRADesk system, and pay all costs, fees and expenses incident to FINRA’s review of the Shelf Registration Statement and the related underwriting terms and arrangements, including, without limitation, all filing fees associated with any filings or submissions to FINRA and the legal expenses, filing fees and other disbursements of FBR and any other FINRA member that is the Holder of, or is affiliated or associated with an owner of, Registrable Shares included in the Shelf Registration Statement (including in connection with any initial or subsequent member filing);

(u) in connection with the initial filing of a Shelf Registration Statement and each amendment thereto with the Commission pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, provide to FBR and its representatives, the opportunity to conduct due diligence, including, without limitation, an inquiry of the Company’s financial and other records, and make available members of its management for questions regarding information which FBR may request in order to fulfill any due diligence obligation on its part;

(v) upon effectiveness of the first Registration Statement filed under this Agreement, take such actions and make such filings as are necessary to effect the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act simultaneously with or immediately following the effectiveness of the Registration Statement; and

(w) in the case of an Underwritten Offering, use its commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate and assist in any filings required to be made with FINRA and in the performance of any due diligence investigation by any underwriter and its counsel (including any “qualified independent underwriter,” if applicable) that is required to be retained in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA.

 

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The Company may require the Holders to furnish (and each Holder shall furnish) to the Company such information regarding the proposed distribution by such Holder of such Registrable Shares as the Company may from time to time reasonably request in writing or as shall be required to effect the registration of the Registrable Shares, and no Holder shall be entitled to be named as a selling stockholder in any Registration Statement and no Holder shall be entitled to use the Prospectus forming a part thereof if such Holder does not provide such information to the Company. Any Holder that sells Registrable Shares pursuant to a Registration Statement or as a selling security holder pursuant to an Underwritten Offering shall be required to be named as a selling shareholder in the related prospectus and to deliver a prospectus to purchasers. Each Holder further agrees to furnish promptly to the Company in writing all information required from time to time to make the information previously furnished by such Holder not misleading.

Each Holder agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 5(f)(i)(B), 5(f)(i)(C) or 5(f)(i)(D) hereof, such Holder will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Shares pursuant to a Registration Statement until such Holder’s receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended Prospectus or the Company has otherwise provided notice to such Holder that dispositions of Registrable Shares may be resumed. If so directed by the Company, such Holder will deliver to the Company (at the expense of the Company) all copies in its possession, other than permanent file copies then in such Holder’s possession, of the Prospectus covering such Registrable Shares current at the time of receipt of such notice.

(x) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if the Commission or any rules, regulations or guidance thereof sets forth a limitation of the number of Registrable Shares or other shares of Common Stock permitted to be registered on a particular Shelf Registration Statement (and notwithstanding that the Company used diligent efforts to advocate with the Commission for the registration of all or a greater number of Registrable Shares), the number of Registrable Shares or other shares of Common Stock to be registered on such Shelf Registration Statement will be reduced as follows: first , the Company shall reduce or eliminate the shares of Common Stock to be included by any Person other than a Holder; second , the Company shall reduce or eliminate any shares of Common Stock to be included by the Company; and third , the Company shall reduce the number of Registrable Shares to be included by all other Holders on a pro rata basis based on the total number of unregistered Registrable Shares held by such Holders, subject to a determination by the Commission that certain Holders must be reduced before other Holders based on the number of Registrable Shares held by such Holders. In the event the Company amends the Shelf Registration Statement or files a Shelf Registration Statement, the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to file with the Commission, as promptly as allowed by Commission any rules, regulations or guidance thereof, one or more Shelf Registration Statements to register for resale those Registrable Shares that were not registered for resale on the Shelf Registration Statement.

 

6. Black-Out Period

(a) Subject to the provisions of this Section 6 and a good faith determination by a majority of the independent members of the Board of Directors that it is in the best interests of

 

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the Company to suspend the use of the Registration Statement following the effectiveness of a Registration Statement (and the filings with any international, federal or state securities commissions), the Company, by written notice to FBR and the Holders, may direct the Holders to suspend sales of the Registrable Shares pursuant to a Registration Statement for such times as the Company reasonably may determine is necessary and advisable (but in no event for more than an aggregate of ninety (90) days in any rolling twelve (12) month period commencing on the Closing Date or more than sixty (60) days in any rolling ninety (90) day period), if any of the following events shall occur: (i) the representative of the underwriters of an Underwritten Offering of primary shares by the Company has advised the Company that the sale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s primary Underwritten Offering; (ii) the majority of the independent members of the Board of Directors shall have determined in good faith that (A) the offer or sale of any Registrable Shares would materially impede, delay or interfere with any proposed financing, offer or sale of securities, acquisition, merger, tender offer, business combination, corporate reorganization or other significant transaction involving the Company, (B) after the advice of counsel, the sale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement would require disclosure of non-public material information not otherwise required to be disclosed under applicable law, and (C) either (x) the Company has a bona fide business purpose for preserving the confidentiality of such transaction, (y) disclosure would have a material adverse effect on the Company or the Company’s ability to consummate such transaction, or (z) the disclosure would render the Company unable to comply with Commission requirements, in each case under circumstances that would make it impractical or inadvisable to cause the Registration Statement (or such filings) to become effective or to promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement on a post-effective basis, as applicable; or (iii) the majority of the independent members of the Board of Directors shall have determined in good faith, after the advice of counsel, that it is required by law, rule or regulation or that it is in the best interests of the Company to supplement the Registration Statement or file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement in order to incorporate information into the Registration Statement for the purpose of (1) including in the Registration Statement any prospectus required under Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; (2) reflecting in the Prospectus included in the Registration Statement any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement or any misstatement or omission in the prospectus (or of the most recent post-effective amendment) that, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth therein; or (3) including in the Prospectus included in the Registration Statement any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information. Upon the occurrence of any such suspension, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Registration Statement to become effective or to promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement on a post-effective basis or to take such action as is necessary to make resumed use of the Registration Statement compatible with the Company’s best interests, as applicable, so as to permit the Holders to resume sales of the Registrable Shares as soon as possible.

(b) In the case of an event that causes the Company to suspend the use of a Registration Statement (a “ Suspension Event ”), the Company shall give written notice (a “ Suspension Notice ”) to FBR and the Holders to suspend sales of the Registrable Shares and such notice shall state generally the basis for the notice and that such suspension shall continue

 

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only for so long as the Suspension Event or its effect is continuing and the Company is using its commercially reasonable efforts and taking all reasonable steps to terminate suspension of the use of the Registration Statement as promptly as possible. The Holders shall not effect any sales of the Registrable Shares pursuant to such Registration Statement (or such filings) at any time after they have received a Suspension Notice from the Company and prior to receipt of an End of Suspension Notice (as defined below). If so directed by the Company, each Holder will deliver to the Company (at the expense of the Company) all copies other than permanent file copies then in such Holder’s possession of the Prospectus covering the Registrable Shares at the time of receipt of the Suspension Notice. The Holders may recommence effecting sales of the Registrable Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement (or such filings) following further notice to such effect (an “ End of Suspension Notice ”) from the Company, which End of Suspension Notice shall be given by the Company to the Holders and FBR in the manner described above promptly following the conclusion of any Suspension Event and its effect.

(c) Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, if the Company shall give a Suspension Notice pursuant to this Section 6, the Company agrees that it shall extend the period of time during which the applicable Registration Statement shall be maintained effective pursuant to this Agreement by the number of days during the period from the date of receipt by the Holders of the Suspension Notice to and including the date of receipt by the Holders of the End of Suspension Notice and provide copies of the supplemented or amended Prospectus necessary to resume sales.

 

7. Indemnification and Contribution

(a) The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless (i) each Holder of Registrable Shares and any underwriter (as determined in the Securities Act) for such Holder (including, if applicable, FBR), (ii) each Person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act) any such Person described in clause (i) (any of the Persons referred to in this clause (ii) being hereinafter referred to as a “ Controlling Person ”), and (iii) the respective officers, directors, partners, members, employees, representatives and agents of any such Person or any Controlling Person (any Person referred to in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above may hereinafter be referred to as a “ Purchaser Indemnitee ”), to the fullest extent lawful, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, judgments, actions, out-of-pocket expenses, and other liabilities (the “ Liabilities ”), including without limitation and as incurred, reimbursement of all reasonable costs of investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any claim or action, or any investigation or Proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel to any Purchaser Indemnitee, joint or several, directly or indirectly related to, based upon, arising out of or in connection with any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), any Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or any preliminary Prospectus or any other document used to sell the Shares, or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except insofar as such Liabilities arise out of or are based upon (i) any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance

 

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upon and in conformity with information relating to any Purchaser Indemnitee furnished to the Company or any underwriter in writing by such Purchaser Indemnitee expressly for use therein or (ii) sales of Registrable Shares made in violation of Section 6(b) hereof by any Holder who has received actual notice of the suspension prior to such sale. The Company shall notify FBR and the Holders promptly of the institution, threat or assertion of any claim, Proceeding (including any governmental investigation), or litigation of which it shall have become aware in connection with the matters addressed by this Agreement that involves the Company or a Purchaser Indemnitee. The indemnity provided for herein shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Purchaser Indemnitee.

(b) In connection with any Registration Statement in which a Holder of Registrable Shares is participating, and as a condition to such participation, such Holder agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and each Person who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act and their respective officers, directors, partners, members, employees, representatives and agents of such Person or Controlling Person to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to each Purchaser Indemnitee, but only with reference to untrue statements or omissions or alleged untrue statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in strict conformity with information relating to such Holder furnished to the Company in writing by such Holder expressly for use in such Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any preliminary Prospectus or Liability arising out of or based upon sales of Registrable Shares made by such Holder who has received actual notice of the suspension prior to such sale in violation of Section 6(b). Absent gross negligence or willful misconduct, the liability of any Holder pursuant to this paragraph shall in no event exceed the net proceeds received by such Holder from sales of Registrable Shares pursuant to such Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any preliminary Prospectus.

(c) If any suit, action, Proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against any Person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) above, such Person (the “ Indemnified Party ”) shall promptly notify the Person against whom such indemnity may be sought (the “ Indemnifying Party ”) in writing of the commencement thereof (but the failure to so notify an Indemnifying Party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have under this Section 7, except to the extent the Indemnifying Party is materially prejudiced by the failure to give notice), and the Indemnifying Party, upon request of the Indemnified Party, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party to represent the Indemnified Party and any others the Indemnifying Party may reasonably designate in such Proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses actually incurred by such counsel related to such Proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in any such Proceeding, any Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Party, unless (i) the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall have mutually agreed in writing to the contrary, (ii) the Indemnifying Party failed within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action to assume the defense and employ

 

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counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party, (iii) the Indemnifying Party and its counsel do not actively and vigorously pursue the defense of such action or (iv) the named parties to any such action (including any impleaded parties) include both such Indemnified Party and Indemnifying Party, or any Affiliate of the Indemnifying Party, and such Indemnified Party shall have been reasonably advised by counsel that, either (x) there may be one or more legal defenses available to it which are different from or additional to those available to the Indemnifying Party or such Affiliate of the Indemnifying Party or (y) a conflict may exist between such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party or such Affiliate of the Indemnifying Party (in which case the Indemnifying Party shall not have the right to assume nor direct the defense of such action on behalf of such Indemnified Party; it being understood, however, that the Indemnifying Party shall not, in connection with any one such action or separate but substantially similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys (in addition to any local counsel) for all such Indemnified Parties, which firm shall be designated in writing by those Indemnified Parties who sold a majority of the Registrable Shares sold by all such Indemnified Parties and any such separate firm for the Company, the directors, the officers and such control Persons of the Company as shall be designated in writing by the Company). The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any Proceeding effected without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, but if settled with such consent or if there is a final judgment for the plaintiff, the Indemnifying Party agrees to indemnify any Indemnified Party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. No Indemnifying Party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened Proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Party, unless such settlement (i) includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of, fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of the Indemnified Party.

(d) If the indemnification provided for in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 7 is for any reason held to be unavailable to an Indemnified Party in respect of any Liabilities referred to therein (other than by reason of the exceptions provided therein) or is insufficient to hold harmless a party indemnified thereunder, then each Indemnifying Party under such paragraphs, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Party thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such Liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits of the Indemnified Party on the one hand and the Indemnifying Party(ies) on the other in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such Liabilities, or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Indemnifying Party(ies) and the Indemnified Party, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the Company on the one hand and any Purchaser Indemnitees on the other shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by such Purchaser Indemnitees and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

 

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(e) The parties agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if such Indemnified Parties were treated as one entity for such purpose), or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in Section 7(d) above. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Party as a result of any Liabilities referred to in Section 7(d) above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any reasonable legal or other expenses actually incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, in no event shall a Purchaser Indemnitee be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the net proceeds received by such Purchaser Indemnitee from sales of Registrable Shares exceeds the amount of any damages that such Purchaser Indemnitee has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. For purposes of this Section 7, each Person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act) FBR or a Holder of Registrable Shares shall have the same rights to contribution as FBR or such Holder, as the case may be, and each Person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act) the Company, and each officer, director, partner, employee, representative, agent or manager of the Company shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company. Any party entitled to contribution will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action, suit or Proceeding against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made against another party or parties, notify each party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify such party or parties shall not relieve the party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any obligation it or they may have under this Section 7 or otherwise, except to the extent that any party is materially prejudiced by the failure to give notice. No Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

(f) The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this Section 7 will be in addition to any liability which the Indemnifying Parties may otherwise have to the Indemnified Parties referred to above. The Purchaser Indemnitee’s obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 7 are several in proportion to the respective number of Registrable Shares sold by each of the Purchaser Indemnitees hereunder and not joint.

 

8. Market Stand-off Agreement

Each Holder hereby agrees that it shall not, to the extent requested by the Company or an underwriter of securities of the Company, directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell (including without limitation any short sale), grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of any Registrable Shares or other shares of Common Stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock of the Company then owned by such Holder (other than to donees or partners of the Holder who agree to be similarly bound) for a period (x) in the case of the Company’s officers, directors, managers or

 

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employees, in each case to the extent such Holder holds shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock, beginning on the effective date of, and continuing for a period of up to one hundred eighty (180) days following the effective date of, the IPO Registration Statement of the Company; and (y) in the case of all other Holders, beginning on the effective date of, and continuing for a period of up to sixty (60) days following the effective date of the IPO Registration Statement of the Company; provided , however , that:

(a) the restrictions above shall not apply to Registrable Shares sold pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement;

(b) with respect to the Holders (other than the Company’s officers, directors, managers or employees), the restrictions above shall not apply to any shares of Common Stock of the Company acquired in the open market following the effective date of the IPO Registration Statement;

(c) all executive officers and directors of the Company then holding shares of Common Stock of the Company or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock of the Company enter into agreements that are no less restrictive;

(d) the Holders shall be allowed any concession or proportionate release allowed to any officer or director that entered into agreements that are no less restrictive (with such proportion being determined by dividing the number of shares being released with respect to such officer or director by the total number of issued and outstanding shares held by such officer or director); provided , that nothing in this Section 8(d) shall be construed as a right to proportionate release for the executive officers and directors of the Company upon the expiration of the sixty (60) day period applicable to all Holders other than the executive officers and directors of the Company;

(e) with respect to the restrictions set forth in clause (y) above, each Holder shall be allowed a proportionate release granted to any other Holder (with such proportion being determined by dividing the number of shares being released with respect to such Holder by the total number of issued and outstanding shares held by such Holder); and

(f) this Section 8 shall not be applicable if a Shelf Registration Statement of the Company filed under the Securities Act has been declared effective prior to the filing of an IPO Registration Statement.

In order to enforce the foregoing covenant, the Company shall have the right to place restrictive legends on the certificates representing the securities subject to this Section 8 and to impose stop transfer instructions with respect to the Registrable Shares and such other securities of each Holder (and the securities of every other Person subject to the foregoing restriction) until the end of such period.

 

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9. Termination of the Company’s Obligation

The Company shall have no obligation pursuant to this Agreement with respect to any shares of Common Stock proposed to be sold by a Holder in a registration pursuant to this Agreement if, in the opinion of counsel to the Company, all such shares proposed to be sold by a Holder cease to be Registrable Shares.

 

10. Limitations on Subsequent Registration Rights

After the date of this Agreement, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of Holders beneficially owning not less than a majority of the then outstanding Registrable Shares ( provided, however , that for purposes of this Section 10, Registrable Shares that are owned, directly or indirectly, by an Affiliate of the Company or by an “executive officer” (as defined in Rule 405) of the Company shall not be deemed to be outstanding), enter into any agreement with any holder or prospective holder of any securities of the Company that would allow such holder or prospective holder (a) to include such securities in any Registration Statement filed pursuant to the terms hereof, unless, under the terms of such agreement, such holder or prospective holder may include such securities in any such registration only to the extent that the inclusion of its securities will not reduce the amount of Registrable Shares of the Holders that is included, or (b) to have its securities registered on a registration statement that could be declared effective prior to, or within one hundred eighty (180) days of, the effective date of any registration statement filed pursuant to this Agreement. The limitations set forth in this Section 10 shall not apply to any registrations effected by the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of American Residential Properties OP, L.P.

 

11. Miscellaneous

(a) Remedies. In the event of a breach by the Company of any of its obligations under this Agreement, each of FBR and each Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or, in the case of FBR, in the Purchase/Placement Agreement, or granted by law, including the rights granted in Section 2(f) hereof and recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Agreement. Subject to Section 7, the Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of any of the provisions of this Agreement and hereby further agrees that, in the event of any action for specific performance in respect of such breach, it shall waive the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

(b) Amendments and Waivers. The provisions of this Agreement, including the provisions of this sentence, may not be amended, modified or supplemented, and waivers or consents to or departures from the provisions hereof may not be given, without the written consent of the Company and Holders beneficially owning not less than a majority of the then outstanding Registrable Shares; provided, however, that for purposes of this Section 11(b), Registrable Shares that are owned, directly or indirectly, by an Affiliate of the Company or by an “executive officer” (as defined in Rule 405) of the Company shall not be deemed to be outstanding. No amendment shall be deemed effective unless it applies uniformly to all Holders.

 

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Notwithstanding the foregoing, a waiver or consent to or departure from the provisions hereof with respect to a matter that relates exclusively to the rights of a Holder whose securities are being sold pursuant to a Registration Statement and that does not directly or indirectly affect, impair, limit or compromise the rights of other Holders may be given by such Holder; provided that the provisions of this sentence may not be amended, modified or supplemented except in accordance with the provisions of the first and second sentences of this paragraph.

(c) Notices. All notices and other communications, provided for or permitted hereunder, shall be made in writing and delivered by facsimile (with receipt confirmed), overnight courier or registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, or by telegram:

(i) if to a Holder, at the most current address given by the transfer agent and registrar of the Shares to the Company; and

(ii) if to the Company, at the offices of the Company at American Residential Properties, Inc., 7033 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 210, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254, Attention: Chief Executive Officer (facsimile: 480-264-2943), with a copy to Hunton & Williams LLP, 951 East Byrd Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, Attention: Daniel M. LeBey, Esq. (facsimile: 804-788-8218); and

(iii) if to FBR, at the offices of FBR at 1001 Nineteenth Street North, Arlington, Virginia 22209, Attention: William Ginivan, Esq. (facsimile: 703-469-1140); with a copy to Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, 101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20001, Attention: Jonathan H. Talcott, Esq. (facsimile: 202-712-2856).

(d) Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and assigns of each of the parties hereto, including, without limitation and without the need for an express assignment or assumption, subsequent Holders. The Company agrees that the Holders shall be third party beneficiaries to the agreements made hereunder by FBR and the Company, and each Holder shall have the right to enforce such agreements directly to the extent it deems such enforcement necessary or advisable to protect its rights hereunder; provided, however , that such Holder fulfills all of its obligations hereunder.

(e) Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

(f) Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.

(g) Governing Law. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AS APPLIED TO CONTRACTS MADE AND PERFORMED WITHIN THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS PRINCIPLES OTHER THAN SECTION 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATION LAW THAT

 

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WOULD REQUIRE THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF ANY OTHER STATE. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY STATE COURT IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK OR ANY FEDERAL COURT SITTING IN NEW YORK IN RESPECT OF ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, AND IRREVOCABLY ACCEPTS FOR ITSELF AND IN RESPECT OF ITS PROPERTY, GENERALLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY, THE JURISDICTION OF THE AFORESAID COURTS. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT IT MAY EFFECTIVELY DO SO UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT AND ANY CLAIM THAT ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT HAS BEEN BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM.

(h) Severability. If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties hereto that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.

(i) Entire Agreement. This Agreement, together with the Purchase/Placement Agreement, is intended by the parties hereto as a final expression of their agreement, and is intended to be a complete and exclusive statement of the agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein and therein.

(j) Registrable Shares Held by the Company or its Affiliates. Whenever the consent or approval of Holders of a specified percentage of Registrable Shares is required hereunder, Registrable Shares held by the Company or its Affiliates or by an “executive officer” (as defined in Rule 405) of the Company shall not be counted in determining whether such consent or approval was given by the Holders of such required percentage.

(k) Adjustment for Stock Splits, etc. Wherever in this Agreement there is a reference to a specific number of shares, then upon the occurrence of any subdivision, combination, or stock dividend of such shares, the specific number of shares so referenced in this Agreement shall automatically be proportionally adjusted to reflect the effect on the outstanding shares of such class or series of stock by such subdivision, combination, or stock dividend.

(l) Survival. This Agreement is intended to survive the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase/Placement Agreement. The indemnification and contribution obligations under Section 7 of this Agreement shall survive the termination of the Company’s obligations under Section 2 of this Agreement.

(m) Attorneys’ Fees. In any action or Proceeding brought to enforce any provision of this Agreement, or where any provision hereof is validly asserted as a defense, the prevailing party, as determined by the court, shall be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys’ fees in addition to any other available remedy.

[Signature page follows]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
By:  

/s/ Steve Schmitz

Name:   Steve Schmitz
Title:   CEO
FBR CAPITAL MARKETS & CO.
By:  

/s/ Paul Dellisola

Name:   Paul Dellisola
Title:   Senior Managing Director

[Signature Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

 

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Exhibit 10.21

EXECUTION COPY

REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

This Registration Rights Agreement (this “ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of December 21, 2012, between American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (together with any successor entity thereto, the “ Company ”), and FBR Capital Markets & Co., a Delaware corporation, as the initial purchaser/ placement agent (“FBR”), for the benefit of FBR, the purchasers of up to an aggregate of 6,250,000 shares of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “ Common Stock ”) and any additional shares of Common Stock purchased pursuant to the additional allotment option set forth in the Purchase/Placement Agreement, as participants (“ Participants ”) in the private offering by the Company of shares of its Common Stock (the “ Offering ”), and the direct and indirect transferees of FBR, and each of the Participants.

This Agreement is made pursuant to the Purchase/Placement Agreement (the “ Purchase/Placement Agreement ”), dated as of December 17, 2012, between the Company and FBR in connection with the purchase and sale or placement of an aggregate of 6,250,000 shares of Common Stock (plus up to an additional 937,500 shares of Common Stock to cover additional allotments, if any). In order to induce FBR to enter into the Purchase/Placement Agreement, the Company has agreed to provide the registration rights provided for in this Agreement to FBR, the Participants, and their respective direct and indirect transferees. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by the Company and FBR is a condition to the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase/Placement Agreement.

The parties hereby agree as follows:

 

1. Definitions

As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the following meanings:

Accredited Investor Shares : Shares initially sold by the Company to “accredited investors” (within the meaning of Rule 501(a) promulgated under the Securities Act) as Participants.

Affiliate : As to any specified Person, (i) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding, with power to vote, ten percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person, (ii) any Person, ten percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held, with power to vote, by such other Person, (iii) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such other Person, (iv) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such Person and (v) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner. An indirect relationship shall include circumstances in which a Person’s spouse, children, parents, siblings or mother, father, sister- or brother-in-law share the same household with such Person or has the described relationship with such Person.

Agreement : As defined in the preamble.

Board of Directors : As defined in Section 3(b) hereof.

Business Day : With respect to any act to be performed hereunder, each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday that is not a day on which banking institutions in New York, New York or other applicable places where such act is to occur are authorized or obligated by applicable law, regulation or executive order to close.

Closing Date : December 21, 2012 or such other time or such other date as FBR and the Company may agree.

Commission : The Securities and Exchange Commission.

Common Stock : As defined in the preamble.

Company : As defined in the preamble.


Controlling Person : As defined in Section 7(a) hereof.

End of Suspension Notice : As defined in Section 6(b) hereof.

Exchange Act : The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission pursuant thereto.

FBR : As defined in the preamble.

FINRA : The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, formerly the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc.

Holder : Each record owner of any Registrable Shares from time to time, including FBR and its Affiliates to the extent FBR or any such Affiliate holds any Registrable Shares.

Indemnified Party : As defined in Section 7(c) hereof.

Indemnifying Party : As defined in Section 7(c) hereof.

IPO Registration Statement : As defined in Section 2(b) hereof.

Liabilities : As defined in Section 7(a) hereof.

No Objections Letter : As defined in Section 5(t) hereof.

Nominee : As defined in Section 3(c) hereof.

Offering : As defined in the preamble.

Participants : As defined in the preamble.

Person : An individual, partnership, corporation, trust, limited liability company, unincorporated organization, government or agency or political subdivision thereof, or any other legal entity.

Proceeding : An action (including a class action), claim, suit or proceeding (including without limitation, an investigation or partial proceeding, such as a deposition), whether commenced or, to the knowledge of the Person subject thereto, threatened.

Prospectus : The prospectus included in any Registration Statement, including any preliminary prospectus at the “time of sale” within the meaning of Rule 159 under the Securities Act and all other amendments and supplements to any such prospectus, including post-effective amendments, and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference, if any, in such prospectus.

Purchase/Placement Agreement : As defined in the preamble.

Purchaser Indemnitee : As defined in Section 7(a) hereof.

Registrable Shares : The Rule 144A Shares, the Accredited Investor Shares, the Regulation S Shares, together with the Shares of Common Stock that will be issued to certain directors and officers of the Company in the Offering pursuant to a directed share program, upon original issuance thereof, and at all times subsequent thereto, including upon the transfer thereof by the original holder or any subsequent holder and any shares or other securities issued in respect of such Registrable Shares by reason of or in connection with any stock dividend, stock distribution, stock split, purchase in any rights offering or in connection with any exchange for or replacement of such Registrable Shares or any combination of shares, recapitalization, merger or consolidation, or any other equity securities issued pursuant to any other pro rata distribution with respect to the Common Stock, until the earliest to occur of: (i) the date on which the resale of such shares has been registered pursuant to the Securities Act and such

 

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shares have been disposed of in accordance with the Registration Statement filed in connection therewith; (ii) the date on which such shares either have been transferred pursuant to Rule 144 (or any similar provision then in effect) or are freely saleable, without condition pursuant to Rule 144, including any current public information requirements, and are listed for trading on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Global Market or a similar national securities exchange or (iii) the date on which such shares are sold to the Company or cease to be outstanding.

Registration Default : As defined in Section 2(f) hereof.

Registration Expenses : Any and all fees and expenses incident to the Company’s and FBR’s performance of or compliance with this Agreement, including, without limitation: (i) all Commission, securities exchange, FINRA or other registration, listing, inclusion and filing fees; (ii) all fees and expenses incurred in connection with compliance with international, federal or state securities or blue sky laws (including, without limitation, any registration, listing and filing fees and reasonable fees and disbursements of counsel in connection with blue sky qualification of any of the Registrable Shares and the preparation of a blue sky memorandum and compliance with the rules of FINRA); (iii) all expenses in preparing or assisting in preparing, word processing, duplicating, printing, delivering and distributing any Registration Statement, any Prospectus, any amendments or supplements thereto, any underwriting agreements, securities sales agreements, certificates and any other documents relating to the performance under and compliance with this Agreement; (iv) all fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing or inclusion of any of the Registrable Shares on any securities exchange pursuant to Section 5(n) of this Agreement; (v) the fees and disbursements of counsel for the Company and of the independent registered public accounting firm of the Company (including, without limitation, the expenses of any special audit and “cold comfort” letters required by or incident to the performance of this Agreement); (vi) reasonable fees and disbursements of Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, or one such other counsel, reasonably acceptable to the Company, for FBR and the Holders, selected by FBR (such counsel, “ Selling Holders’ Counsel ”), provided that if such counsel is prevented from representing both FBR and the Holders, separate counsel shall be provided; and (vii) any fees and disbursements customarily paid in issues and sales of securities (including the fees and expenses of any experts retained by the Company in connection with any Registration Statement); provided, however , that Registration Expenses shall exclude brokers’ or underwriters’ discounts and commissions, if any, relating to the sale or disposition of Registrable Shares by a Holder.

Registration Statement : Any registration statement of the Company that covers the resale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the provisions of this Agreement, including the Prospectus, amendments and supplements to such registration statement or Prospectus, including pre- and post-effective amendments, all exhibits thereto and all material incorporated by reference or deemed to be incorporated by reference, if any, in such registration statement.

Regulation S : Regulation S (Rules 901-905) promulgated by the Commission under the Securities Act, as such rules may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such regulation.

Regulation S Shares : Shares initially resold by FBR pursuant to the Purchase/Placement Agreement to “non-U.S. persons” (in accordance with Regulation S) in an “offshore transaction” (in accordance with Regulation S).

Rule 144 : Rule 144 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 144A : Rule 144A promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 144A Shares : Shares initially resold by FBR pursuant to the Purchase/Placement Agreement to “qualified institutional buyers” (as such term is defined in Rule 144A).

 

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Rule 158 : Rule 158 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 159 : Rule 159 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 405 : Rule 405 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 415 : Rule 415 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 424 : Rule 424 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 429 : Rule 429 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Rule 433 : Rule 433 promulgated by the Commission pursuant to the Securities Act, as such rule may be amended from time to time, or any similar rule or regulation hereafter adopted by the Commission as a replacement thereto having substantially the same effect as such rule.

Securities Act : The Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated by the Commission thereunder.

Selling Holders’ Counsel : As defined in clause (vi) of the definition for Registration Expenses.

Shares : The shares of Common Stock being offered and sold pursuant to the terms and conditions of the Purchase/Placement Agreement.

Shelf Registration Statement : As defined in Section 2(a) hereof.

Special Election Meeting : As defined in Section 3(a) hereof.

Suspension Event : As defined in Section 6(b) hereof. Suspension Notice: As defined in Section 6(b) hereof.

Trigger Date : As defined in Section 3(a) hereof.

Underwritten Offering : A sale of securities of the Company to an underwriter or underwriters for re-offering to the public.

 

2. Registration Rights

 

  (a)

Mandatory Shelf Registration . As set forth in Section 5 hereof, the Company agrees to file with the Commission as soon as reasonably practicable following the date of this Agreement (but in no event later than April 30, 2013) a shelf Registration Statement on Form S-11 or such other form under the Securities Act then available to the Company providing for the resale of any Registrable Shares pursuant to Rule 415 from time to time by the Holders (a “ Shelf Registration Statement ”). The Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Shelf Registration Statement to be declared effective by the

 

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  Commission as soon as practicable but in any event, subject to Section 2(b)(iii) below, within one hundred eighty (180) days after the initial filing thereof. Any Shelf Registration Statement shall provide for the resale from time to time, and pursuant to any method or combination of methods legally available (including, without limitation, an Underwritten Offering, a direct sale to purchasers or a sale through brokers or agents, which may include sales over the internet) by the Holders of any and all Registrable Shares.

 

  (b) Filing of Shelf Registration Statement not Impacted by IPO Registration Statement . The Company’s obligation to file the Shelf Registration Statement in accordance with Section 2(a) hereof shall not be affected by the filing or effectiveness of a registration statement filed by the Company with respect to the initial public offering of its common stock (an “ IPO Registration Statement ”). In addition, the Company’s obligation to use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Shelf Registration Statement to be declared effective by the Commission in accordance with Section 2(a) hereof shall not be affected by the filing or effectiveness of an IPO Registration Statement; provided, however , if the Company files an IPO Registration Statement before the effective date of the Shelf Registration Statement and the Company has used or is using commercially reasonable efforts to pursue the completion of such initial public offering, the Company shall have the right to defer causing the Commission to declare such Shelf Registration Statement effective until up to sixty (60) days after the closing date of its initial public offering pursuant to the IPO Registration Statement. Nothing in this Section 2(b)(iii) shall affect the Company’s obligation to hold a Special Election Meeting as provided in Section 3 of this Agreement.

 

  (c) Expenses . The Company shall pay all Registration Expenses in connection with the registration of the Registrable Shares pursuant to this Agreement. Each Holder participating in a registration pursuant to this Section 2 shall bear such Holder’s proportionate share (based on the total number of Registrable Shares sold in such registration) of all discounts and commissions payable to underwriters or brokers and all transfer taxes and transfer fees in connection with a registration of Registrable Shares pursuant to this Agreement.

 

  (d) Penalty Provisions . If the Company does not file a Registration Statement registering the resale of the Registrable Shares by April 30, 2013, other than as a result of the Commission being unable to accept such filings (a “ Registration Default ”), then each of Stephen G. Schmitz and Laurie A. Hawkes, if employed by the Company and at any time is owed an annual and/or discretionary bonus with respect to services performed in 2012, whether under an employment agreement with the Company, a bonus plan or any other bonus arrangement, including any bonus compensation for which payment would otherwise be deferred until after that fiscal year, shall forfeit fifty percent (50%) of the amount that would otherwise be payable to him or her in respect of such bonus, and shall thereafter forfeit an additional ten percent (10%) of the amount that would otherwise be payable to him or her in respect of such bonus for each complete calendar month any such Registration Default continues after April 30, 2013 until the Shelf Registration Statement is filed. The Company acknowledges and agrees that that no bonuses, compensation, awards, equity compensation or other amounts shall be payable or granted in lieu of or to make Mr. Schmitz and Ms. Hawkes whole for any such forfeited bonuses.

 

3. Special Election Meeting.

 

  (a)

Subject to the last sentence of this Section 3(a), if either (i) a Shelf Registration Statement registering the resale of the Registrable Shares has not been declared effective by the Commission and the Company has not completed an initial public offering pursuant to an IPO Registration, or (ii) the Common Stock of the Company has not been listed for trading on a national securities exchange, before October 29, 2013 (the “ Trigger Date ”), a special meeting of stockholders (the “ Special Election Meeting ”) shall be called in accordance with the Bylaws of the Company; provided that the requirement to hold a Special Election Meeting may be waived or deferred upon the Company’s receipt of the consent, at a duly called meeting or by written consent, of Holders of at least seventy-five percent (75%) of the outstanding Registrable Shares, may waive the requirement to hold the Special Election meeting (at a duly called meeting or by written consent); provided, however , that Registrable Shares that are owned, directly or indirectly, by an “executive officer” (as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act) of the Company shall not be deemed to be

 

5


  outstanding for this purpose. The Special Election Meeting shall occur as soon as reasonably practicable following the Trigger Date but in no event more than thirty (30) days after the Trigger Date. For the avoidance of doubt, the Company shall have no obligation to hold a Special Election Meeting pursuant to this Section 3 or the Bylaws of the Company if the Company has completed an initial public offering pursuant to an IPO Registration Statement and the Common Stock of the Company has been listed for trading on a national securities exchange before the Trigger Date.

 

  (b) Purposes of Meeting . The Special Election Meeting called in accordance with the Bylaws of the Company shall be called solely for the purposes of: (i) considering and voting upon proposals to remove each then-serving director of the Company and (ii) electing such number of directors as there are then vacancies on the board of directors of the Company (the “ Board of Directors ”) (including any vacancies created by the removal of any director pursuant to this Section 3(b)). The removal of any director pursuant to Section 3(b)(i) hereof shall be effective immediately upon the receipt of the final report of the Inspector of Elections for the Special Election Meeting that reports the receipt of the requisite vote to approve the proposal to remove such director.

 

  (c) Nominations . Nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors at the Special Election Meeting may only be made (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) upon receipt by the Company of written notice of Holders entitled to cast, or direct the casting of, not less than twenty percent (20%) of all the votes entitled to be cast at the Special Election Meeting and containing the information specified by Section 3(d) hereof, in addition to any other information required by the Company’s Bylaws. Each individual whose nomination is made in accordance with this Section 3(c) is hereinafter referred to as a “ Nominee .”

 

  (d)

Procedure for Stockholder Nominations . For nominations of individuals for election to the Board of Directors to be properly brought before the Special Election Meeting by Holders pursuant to Section 3(d) hereof, a Holder entitled to nominate individuals for election to the Board of Directors at the Special Election Meeting must have given notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Company not later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the tenth (10 th ) calendar day after the Trigger Date. Such notice shall include each such proposed Nominee’s written consent to serve as a director, if elected, and shall specify, in addition to any information required by the Company’s Bylaws:

 

  (i) as to each proposed Nominee, the name, age, business address and residence address of such proposed Nominee and all other information relating to such proposed Nominee that would be required, pursuant to Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act (or any successor provision), to be disclosed in a contested solicitation of proxies with respect to the election of such individual as a director; and

 

  (ii) as to each Holder giving the notice, the class, series and number of all shares of capital stock of the Company that are owned by such Holder, beneficially or of record.

 

  (e) Notice . Not less than fifteen (15) nor more than twenty-five (25) days before the Special Election Meeting, the Secretary of the Company shall give to each stockholder entitled to vote at, or to receive notice of, such meeting at such stockholder’s address as it appears in the share transfer records of the Company, notice in writing setting forth (i) the time and place of the Special Election Meeting, (ii) the purposes for which the Special Election Meeting has been called and (iii) the name of each Nominee.

 

4. Rules 144 and 144A Reporting

With a view to making available the benefits of certain rules and regulations of the Commission that may at any time permit the resale of the Registrable Shares to the public without registration, the Company agrees to:

 

  (a) make and keep current public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, at all times after the effective date of the first registration statement under the Securities Act filed by the Company for an offering of its securities to the general public;

 

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  (b) to file with the Commission in a timely manner all reports and other documents required to be filed by the Company under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (at any time after it has become subject to such reporting requirements);

 

  (c) so long as a Holder owns any Registrable Shares, if the Company is not required to file reports and other documents under the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, it will make available other information as required by, and so long as necessary to permit resales of Registrable Shares pursuant to, Rule 144 or Rule 144A, and in any event shall make available (either by mailing a copy thereof, by posting on the Company’s website, by inclusion in any registration statement filed by the Company with the Commission under the Securities Act, by press release or otherwise) to each Holder a copy of:

 

  (i) the Company’s annual consolidated financial statements (including at least balance sheets, statements of profit and loss, statements of stockholders’ equity and statements of cash flows) prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, accompanied by an audit report of the Company’s independent accountants, no later than ninety (90) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company;

 

  (ii) the Company’s unaudited quarterly financial statements (including at least balance sheets, statements of profit and loss, statements of stockholders’ equity and statements of cash flows) prepared in a manner consistent with the preparation of the Company’s annual financial statements, no later than forty-five (45) days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of the Company; and

 

  (iii) any other information required to be delivered pursuant to Rule 144A(d)(4) under the Securities Act; and

 

  (d) hold, a reasonable time after the availability of such financial statements (and in any event within sixty (60) days after the applicable fiscal quarter end and ninety (90) days after the applicable fiscal year end) and upon reasonable notice to the Holders and FBR (either by mail, by posting on the Company’s website, or by press release), a quarterly investor conference call to discuss such financial statements, which call will also include an opportunity for the Holders to ask questions of management with regard to such financial statements, and will also cooperate with, and make management reasonably available to, FBR personnel in connection with making Company information available to investors; and

 

  (e) so long as a Holder owns any Registrable Shares, to furnish to the Holder promptly upon request (i) a written statement by the Company as to its compliance with the reporting requirements of Rule 144 (at any time after ninety (90) days after the effective date of the first registration statement filed by the Company for an offering of its securities to the general public), and of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act (at any time after its has become subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act), (ii) a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of the Company, and (iii) such other reports and documents of the Company, and take such further actions, as a Holder may reasonably request in availing itself of any rule or regulation of the Commission allowing a Holder to sell any such Registrable Shares without registration.

 

5. Registration Procedures

In connection with the obligations of the Company with respect to any registration pursuant to this Agreement, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to effect or cause to be effected the registration of the Registrable Shares under the Securities Act to permit the sale of such Registrable Shares by the Holder or Holders in accordance with the Holder’s or Holders’ intended method or methods of distribution, and the Company shall:

 

  (a)

(i) notify FBR and Selling Holders’ Counsel, in writing, at least ten (10) Business Days prior to filing a Registration Statement, of its intention to file such Registration Statement with the Commission and, at least five (5) Business Days prior to filing, provide a copy of such Registration Statement to FBR, its counsel and Selling Holders’ Counsel for review and comment; (ii) prepare and file with the Commission, as specified in

 

7


  this Agreement, a Registration Statement(s), which Registration Statement(s) shall (x) comply as to form in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act and the applicable form and include all financial statements required by the Commission to be filed therewith and (y) be acceptable to FBR, its counsel and Selling Holders’ Counsel; (iii) notify FBR and Selling Holders’ Counsel in writing, at least five (5) Business Days prior to filing of any amendment or supplement to such Registration Statement and, at least three (3) Business Days prior to filing, provide a copy of such amendment or supplement to FBR, its counsel and Selling Holders’ Counsel for review and comment; (iv) promptly following receipt from the Commission, provide to FBR, its counsel and Selling Holders’ Counsel copies of any comments made by the staff of the Commission relating to such Registration Statement and of the Company’s responses thereto for review and comment; and (v) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such Registration Statement to become effective as soon as practicable after filing and to remain effective, subject to Section 6 hereof, until the earlier of (A) such time as all Registrable Shares covered thereby have been sold in accordance with the intended distribution of such Registrable Shares, (B) such time as all of the Registrable Shares are eligible for sale without any volume or manner of sale restrictions or compliance by the Company with any current public information requirements pursuant to Rule 144 (or any successor or analogous rule) under the Securities Act; (C) there are no Registrable Shares outstanding or (D) the first (1st) anniversary of the effective date of such Registration Statement (subject to extension as provided in Section 6(c) hereof and the condition that the Registrable Shares have been transferred to an unrestricted CUSIP, are listed or included on the New York Stock Exchange or the Nasdaq Global Market, pursuant to Section 5(n) of this Agreement, or on an alternative trading system with the Registrable Shares qualified under the applicable state securities or “blue sky” laws of all fifty (50) states), and can be sold under Rule 144 without limitation as to manner of sale or volume; provided, however , that if the Company has an effective Shelf Registration Statement on Form S-11 (or other form then available to the Company) under the Securities Act and becomes eligible to use Form S-3 or such other short-form registration statement form under the Securities Act, the Company may, upon thirty (30) Business Days prior written notice to all Holders, register any Registrable Shares registered but not yet distributed under the effective Shelf Registration Statement on such a short-form Shelf Registration Statement and, once the short-form Shelf Registration Statement is declared effective, de-register such shares under the previous Shelf Registration Statement or transfer the filing fees from the previous Shelf Registration Statement (such transfer pursuant to Rule 429, if applicable) unless any Holder registered under the initial Shelf Registration Statement notifies the Company within fifteen (15) Business Days of receipt of the Company notice that such a registration under a new short-form Shelf Registration Statement and de-registration of the initial Shelf Registration Statement would interfere with its distribution of Registrable Shares already in progress, in which case, the Company shall delay the effectiveness of the new short-form Shelf Registration Statement and termination of the then-effective initial Shelf Registration Statement or any short-form Shelf Registration Statement for a period of not less than thirty (30) days from the date that the Company receives the notice from such Holders requesting a delay;

 

  (b) subject to Section 5(i) hereof, (i) prepare and file with the Commission such amendments and post- effective amendments to each such Registration Statement as may be necessary to keep such Registration Statement effective for the period described in Section 5(a) hereof; (ii) cause each Prospectus contained therein to be supplemented to the extent required by the Securities Act, and as so supplemented to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 or any similar rule that may be adopted under the Securities Act; and (iii) comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the disposition of all securities covered by each Registration Statement during the applicable period in accordance with the intended method or methods of distribution by the selling Holders thereof;

 

  (c) furnish to the Holders, without charge, as many copies of each Prospectus, including each preliminary Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto and such other documents as such Holder may reasonably request, in order to facilitate the public sale or other disposition of the Registrable Shares; the Company consents, subject to Section 6 hereof, to the use of such Prospectus, including each preliminary Prospectus, by the Holders, if any, in connection with the offering and sale of the Registrable Shares covered by any such Prospectus;

 

  (d)

use its commercially reasonable efforts to register or qualify, or obtain exemption from registration or qualification for, all Registrable Shares by the time the applicable Registration Statement is declared effective by the Commission under all applicable state securities or “blue sky” laws of such jurisdictions as

 

8


  FBR or any Holder of Registrable Shares covered by a Registration Statement shall reasonably request in writing, keep each such registration or qualification or exemption effective during the period such Registration Statement is required to be kept effective pursuant to Section 5(a) and do any and all other acts and things that may be reasonably necessary or advisable to enable such Holder to consummate the disposition in each such jurisdiction of such Registrable Shares owned by such Holder; provided, however , that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify generally to do business in any jurisdiction or to register as a broker or dealer in such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 5(d) and except as may be required by the Securities Act, (ii) subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction, or (iii) submit to the general service of process in any such jurisdiction;

 

  (e) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all Registrable Shares covered by such Registration Statement to be registered and approved by such other governmental agencies or authorities as may be necessary to enable the Holders thereof to consummate the disposition of such Registrable Shares;

 

  (f) (i) notify FBR and each Holder promptly and, if requested by FBR or any Holder, confirm such advice in writing (A) when a Registration Statement has become effective and when any post-effective amendments and supplements thereto become effective, (B) of the issuance by the Commission or any state securities authority of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of a Registration Statement or the initiation of any Proceeding for that purpose, (C) of any request by the Commission or any other federal, state or foreign governmental authority for (1) amendments or supplements to a Registration Statement or related Prospectus or (2) additional information and (D) of the happening of any event during the period a Registration Statement is effective as a result of which such Registration Statement or the related Prospectus or any document incorporated by reference therein contains any untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state any material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading (which information shall be accompanied by an instruction to suspend the use of the Prospectus until the requisite changes have been made); and (ii) at the request of any such Holder, promptly to furnish to such Holder a reasonable number of copies of a supplement to or an amendment of such Prospectus as may be necessary so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchaser of such securities, such Prospectus shall not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading;

 

  (g) use its commercially reasonable efforts to avoid the issuance of, or if issued, to obtain the withdrawal of, any order enjoining or suspending the use or effectiveness of a Registration Statement or suspending the qualification of (or exemption from qualification of) any of the Registrable Shares for sale in any jurisdiction, as promptly as practicable;

 

  (h) upon request, promptly furnish to each requesting Holder of Registrable Shares covered by a Registration Statement, without charge, at least one conformed copy of such Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment or supplement thereto (without documents incorporated therein by reference or exhibits thereto, unless requested);

 

  (i) except as provided in Section 6 hereof, upon the occurrence of any event contemplated by Section 5(f)(i)(D) hereof, use its commercially reasonable efforts to promptly prepare a supplement or post-effective amendment to a Registration Statement or the related Prospectus or any document incorporated therein by reference or file any other required document so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of the Registrable Shares, such Prospectus will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading;

 

  (j) if requested by the representative of the underwriters, if any, or any Holders of Registrable Shares being sold in connection with such offering, (i) promptly incorporate in a Prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment such information as the representative of the underwriters, if any, or such Holders indicate relates to them or that they reasonably request be included therein and (ii) make all required filings of such Prospectus supplement or such post-effective amendment as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company has received notification of the matters to be incorporated in such Prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment;

 

9


  (k) in the case of an Underwritten Offering, use its commercially reasonable efforts to furnish to the underwriters: (i) an opinion of counsel for the Company, addressed to the underwriters, dated the date of each closing under the underwriting agreement, reasonably satisfactory to the underwriters; and (ii) a “comfort” letter, addressed to the underwriters and the Board of Directors, dated the effective date of such Registration Statement and the date of each closing under the underwriting agreement, signed by the independent public accountants who have certified the Company’s financial statements included in such Registration Statement, covering substantially the same matters with respect to such Registration Statement (and the Prospectus included therein) and with respect to events subsequent to the date of such financial statements, as are customarily covered in accountants’ letters delivered to underwriters in underwritten public offerings of securities and such other financial matters as the underwriters may reasonably request;

 

  (l) enter into customary agreements (including in the case of an Underwritten Offering, an underwriting agreement in customary form and reasonably satisfactory to the Company) and take all other reasonable action in connection therewith in order to expedite or facilitate the distribution of the Registrable Shares included in such Registration Statement and, in the case of an Underwritten Offering, make representations and warranties to the underwriters in such form and scope as are customarily made by issuers to underwriters in underwritten offerings and confirm the same to the extent customary if and when requested;

 

  (m) make available for inspection by representatives of the Holders and the representative of any underwriters participating in any disposition pursuant to a Registration Statement and any special counsel or accountants retained by such Holders or underwriters, all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of the Company and cause the respective officers, directors and employees of the Company to supply all information reasonably requested by any such representatives, the representative of the underwriters, counsel thereto or accountants in connection with a Registration Statement; provided, however , that such records, documents or information that the Company determines, in good faith, to be confidential and notifies such representatives, representative of the underwriters, counsel thereto or accountants are confidential shall not be disclosed by such representatives, representative of the underwriters, counsel thereto or accountants unless (i) the disclosure of such records, documents or information is necessary to avoid or correct a misstatement or omission in a Registration Statement or Prospectus, (ii) the release of such records, documents or information is ordered pursuant to a subpoena or other order from a court of competent jurisdiction, or (iii) such records, documents or information have been generally made available to the public; provided, further , that the representatives of the Holders and any underwriters will use commercially reasonable efforts, to the extent practicable, to coordinate the foregoing inspection and information gathering and not materially disrupt the Company’s business operations; provided, further , that, notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Agreement, the Company shall not provide any material non-public information to any Holder without such Holder’s prior written agreement to keep such information confidential;

 

  (n) use its commercially reasonable efforts (including, without limitation, seeking to cure any deficiencies cited by the exchange or market in the Company’s listing or inclusion application) to list or include all Registrable Shares on the New York Stock Exchange, the Nasdaq Global Market or a similar national securities exchange;

 

  (o) prepare and file in a timely manner all documents and reports required by the Exchange Act and, to the extent the Company’s obligation to file such reports pursuant to Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act expires prior to the expiration of the effectiveness period of the Registration Statement as required by Section 5(a) hereof, the Company shall register the Registrable Shares under the Exchange Act and shall maintain such registration through the effectiveness period required by Section 5(a) hereof;

 

  (p) provide a CUSIP number for all Registrable Shares, not later than the effective date of the Registration Statement;

 

  (q)

(i) otherwise use its commercially reasonable efforts to comply with all applicable rules and regulations of the Commission, (ii) make generally available to its stockholders, as soon as reasonably practicable, earnings statements covering at least twelve (12) months beginning after the effective date of the Registration Statement that satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 (or

 

10


  any similar rule promulgated under the Securities Act) thereunder, but in no event later than forty- five (45) days after the end of each fiscal year of the Company and (iii) not file any Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement to such Registration Statement or Prospectus to which any Holder of Registrable Shares covered by any Registration Statement shall have reasonably objected on the grounds that such Registration Statement or Prospectus or amendment or supplement does not comply in all material respects with the requirements of the Securities Act, such Holder having been furnished with a copy thereof at least two (2) Business Days prior to the filing thereof;

 

  (r) provide and cause to be maintained a registrar and transfer agent for all Registrable Shares covered by any Registration Statement from and after a date not later than the effective date of such Registration Statement;

 

  (s) in connection with any sale or transfer of the Registrable Shares (whether or not pursuant to a Registration Statement) that will result in the securities being delivered no longer being Registrable Shares, cooperate with the Holders and the representative of the underwriters, if any, to facilitate the timely, in the case of beneficial interests in Shares held through a depositary, transfer of such equivalent Registrable Shares with an unrestricted CUSIP, or in the case of certificated shares, preparation and delivery of certificates representing the Registrable Shares to be sold, which certificates shall not bear any restrictive transfer legends (other than as required by the Company’s charter) and to enable such Registrable Shares to be in such denominations and registered in such names as the representative of the underwriters, if any, or the Holders may request at least three (3) Business Days prior to any sale of the Registrable Shares;

 

  (t) in connection with the initial filing of a Shelf Registration Statement and each amendment thereto with the Commission pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, cooperate with FBR in connection with the filing with FINRA of all forms and information required or requested by FINRA in order to obtain written confirmation from FINRA that FINRA does not object to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements (or any deemed underwriting terms and arrangements) (each such written confirmation, a “ No Objections Letter ”) relating to the resale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement, including, without limitation, information provided to FINRA through its COBRADesk system, and pay all costs, fees and expenses incident to FINRA’s review of the Shelf Registration Statement and the related underwriting terms and arrangements, including, without limitation, all filing fees associated with any filings or submissions to FINRA and the legal expenses, filing fees and other disbursements of FBR and any other FINRA member that is the Holder of, or is affiliated or associated with an owner of, Registrable Shares included in the Shelf Registration Statement (including in connection with any initial or subsequent member filing);

 

  (u) in connection with the initial filing of a Shelf Registration Statement and each amendment thereto with the Commission pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof, provide to FBR and its representatives, the opportunity to conduct due diligence, including, without limitation, an inquiry of the Company’s financial and other records, and make available members of its management for questions regarding information which FBR may request in order to fulfill any due diligence obligation on its part;

 

  (v) upon effectiveness of the first Registration Statement filed under this Agreement, take such actions and make such filings as are necessary to effect the registration of the Common Stock under the Exchange Act simultaneously with or immediately following the effectiveness of the Registration Statement; and

 

  (w) in the case of an Underwritten Offering, use its commercially reasonable efforts to cooperate and assist in any filings required to be made with FINRA and in the performance of any due diligence investigation by any underwriter and its counsel (including any “qualified independent underwriter,” if applicable) that is required to be retained in accordance with the rules and regulations of FINRA.

The Company may require the Holders to furnish (and each Holder shall furnish) to the Company such information regarding the proposed distribution by such Holder of such Registrable Shares as the Company may from time to time reasonably request in writing or as shall be required to effect the registration of the Registrable Shares, and no Holder shall be entitled to be named as a selling stockholder in any Registration Statement and no Holder shall be entitled to use the Prospectus forming a part thereof if such Holder does not provide such

 

11


information to the Company. Any Holder that sells Registrable Shares pursuant to a Registration Statement or as a selling security holder pursuant to an Underwritten Offering shall be required to be named as a selling shareholder in the related prospectus and to deliver a prospectus to purchasers. Each Holder further agrees to furnish promptly to the Company in writing all information required from time to time to make the information previously furnished by such Holder not misleading.

Each Holder agrees that, upon receipt of any notice from the Company of the happening of any event of the kind described in Section 5(f)(i)(B), 5(f)(i)(C) or 5(f)(i)(D) hereof, such Holder will immediately discontinue disposition of Registrable Shares pursuant to a Registration Statement until such Holder’s receipt of the copies of the supplemented or amended Prospectus or the Company has otherwise provided notice to such Holder that dispositions of Registrable Shares may be resumed. If so directed by the Company, such Holder will deliver to the Company (at the expense of the Company) all copies in its possession, other than permanent file copies then in such Holder’s possession, of the Prospectus covering such Registrable Shares current at the time of receipt of such notice.

 

  (x) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, if the Commission or any rules, regulations or guidance thereof sets forth a limitation of the number of Registrable Shares or other shares of Common Stock permitted to be registered on a particular Shelf Registration Statement (and notwithstanding that the Company used diligent efforts to advocate with the Commission for the registration of all or a greater number of Registrable Shares), the number of Registrable Shares or other shares of Common Stock to be registered on such Shelf Registration Statement will be reduced as follows: first , the Company shall reduce or eliminate the shares of Common Stock to be included by any Person other than a Holder; second , the Company shall reduce or eliminate any shares of Common Stock to be included by the Company; and third , the Company shall reduce the number of Registrable Shares to be included by all other Holders on a pro rata basis based on the total number of unregistered Registrable Shares held by such Holders, subject to a determination by the Commission that certain Holders must be reduced before other Holders based on the number of Registrable Shares held by such Holders. In the event the Company amends the Shelf Registration Statement or files a Shelf Registration Statement, the Company will use its commercially reasonable efforts to file with the Commission, as promptly as allowed by Commission any rules, regulations or guidance thereof, one or more Shelf Registration Statements to register for resale those Registrable Shares that were not registered for resale on the Shelf Registration Statement.

 

6. Black-Out Period

 

  (a)

Subject to the provisions of this Section 6 and a good faith determination by a majority of the independent members of the Board of Directors that it is in the best interests of the Company to suspend the use of the Registration Statement following the effectiveness of a Registration Statement (and the filings with any international, federal or state securities commissions), the Company, by written notice to FBR and the Holders, may direct the Holders to suspend sales of the Registrable Shares pursuant to a Registration Statement for such times as the Company reasonably may determine is necessary and advisable (but in no event for more than an aggregate of ninety (90) days in any rolling twelve (12) month period commencing on the Closing Date or more than sixty (60) days in any rolling ninety (90) day period), if any of the following events shall occur: (i) the representative of the underwriters of an Underwritten Offering of primary shares by the Company has advised the Company that the sale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement would have a material adverse effect on the Company’s primary Underwritten Offering; (ii) the majority of the independent members of the Board of Directors shall have determined in good faith that (A) the offer or sale of any Registrable Shares would materially impede, delay or interfere with any proposed financing, offer or sale of securities, acquisition, merger, tender offer, business combination, corporate reorganization or other significant transaction involving the Company, (B) after the advice of counsel, the sale of Registrable Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement would require disclosure of non-public material information not otherwise required to be disclosed under applicable law, and (C) either (x) the Company has a bona fide business purpose for preserving the confidentiality of such transaction, (y) disclosure would have a material adverse effect on the Company or the Company’s ability to consummate such transaction, or (z) the disclosure would render the Company unable to comply with Commission requirements, in each case under circumstances that would make it impractical or inadvisable to cause the Registration Statement (or such filings) to become effective or to promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement on a post-effective basis, as applicable; or (iii) the majority of the

 

12


  independent members of the Board of Directors shall have determined in good faith, after the advice of counsel, that it is required by law, rule or regulation or that it is in the best interests of the Company to supplement the Registration Statement or file a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement in order to incorporate information into the Registration Statement for the purpose of (1) including in the Registration Statement any prospectus required under Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act; (2) reflecting in the Prospectus included in the Registration Statement any facts or events arising after the effective date of the Registration Statement or any misstatement or omission in the prospectus (or of the most recent post-effective amendment) that, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth therein; or (3) including in the Prospectus included in the Registration Statement any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not disclosed in the Registration Statement or any material change to such information. Upon the occurrence of any such suspension, the Company shall use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause the Registration Statement to become effective or to promptly amend or supplement the Registration Statement on a post-effective basis or to take such action as is necessary to make resumed use of the Registration Statement compatible with the Company’s best interests, as applicable, so as to permit the Holders to resume sales of the Registrable Shares as soon as possible.

 

  (b) In the case of an event that causes the Company to suspend the use of a Registration Statement (a “ Suspension Event ”), the Company shall give written notice (a “ Suspension Notice ”) to FBR and the Holders to suspend sales of the Registrable Shares and such notice shall state generally the basis for the notice and that such suspension shall continue only for so long as the Suspension Event or its effect is continuing and the Company is using its commercially reasonable efforts and taking all reasonable steps to terminate suspension of the use of the Registration Statement as promptly as possible. The Holders shall not effect any sales of the Registrable Shares pursuant to such Registration Statement (or such filings) at any time after they have received a Suspension Notice from the Company and prior to receipt of an End of Suspension Notice (as defined below). If so directed by the Company, each Holder will deliver to the Company (at the expense of the Company) all copies other than permanent file copies then in such Holder’s possession of the Prospectus covering the Registrable Shares at the time of receipt of the Suspension Notice. The Holders may recommence effecting sales of the Registrable Shares pursuant to the Registration Statement (or such filings) following further notice to such effect (an “ End of Suspension Notice ”) from the Company, which End of Suspension Notice shall be given by the Company to the Holders and FBR in the manner described above promptly following the conclusion of any Suspension Event and its effect.

 

  (c) Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, if the Company shall give a Suspension Notice pursuant to this Section 6, the Company agrees that it shall extend the period of time during which the applicable Registration Statement shall be maintained effective pursuant to this Agreement by the number of days during the period from the date of receipt by the Holders of the Suspension Notice to and including the date of receipt by the Holders of the End of Suspension Notice and provide copies of the supplemented or amended Prospectus necessary to resume sales.

 

7. Indemnification and Contribution

 

  (a)

The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless (i) each Holder of Registrable Shares and any underwriter (as determined in the Securities Act) for such Holder (including, if applicable, FBR), (ii) each Person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act) any such Person described in clause (i) (any of the Persons referred to in this clause (ii) being hereinafter referred to as a “ Controlling Person ”), and (iii) the respective officers, directors, partners, members, employees, representatives and agents of any such Person or any Controlling Person (any Person referred to in clause (i), (ii) or (iii) above may hereinafter be referred to as a “ Purchaser Indemnitee ”), to the fullest extent lawful, from and against any and all losses, claims, damages, judgments, actions, out-of-pocket expenses, and other liabilities (the “ Liabilities ”), including without limitation and as incurred, reimbursement of all reasonable costs of investigating, preparing, pursuing or defending any claim or action, or any investigation or Proceeding by any governmental agency or body, commenced or threatened, including the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel to any Purchaser Indemnitee, joint or several, directly or indirectly related to, based upon, arising out of or in connection with any untrue statement or

 

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  alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), any Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or any preliminary Prospectus or any other document used to sell the Shares, or any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, except insofar as such Liabilities arise out of or are based upon (i) any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Purchaser Indemnitee furnished to the Company or any underwriter in writing by such Purchaser Indemnitee expressly for use therein or (ii) sales of Registrable Shares made in violation of Section 6(b) hereof by any Holder who has received actual notice of the suspension prior to such sale. The Company shall notify FBR and the Holders promptly of the institution, threat or assertion of any claim, Proceeding (including any governmental investigation), or litigation of which it shall have become aware in connection with the matters addressed by this Agreement that involves the Company or a Purchaser Indemnitee. The indemnity provided for herein shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Purchaser Indemnitee.

 

  (b) In connection with any Registration Statement in which a Holder of Registrable Shares is participating, and as a condition to such participation, such Holder agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and each Person who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act and their respective officers, directors, partners, members, employees, representatives and agents of such Person or Controlling Person to the same extent as the foregoing indemnity from the Company to each Purchaser Indemnitee, but only with reference to untrue statements or omissions or alleged untrue statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in strict conformity with information relating to such Holder furnished to the Company in writing by such Holder expressly for use in such Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any preliminary Prospectus or Liability arising out of or based upon sales of Registrable Shares made by such Holder who has received actual notice of the suspension prior to such sale in violation of Section 6(b). Absent gross negligence or willful misconduct, the liability of any Holder pursuant to this paragraph shall in no event exceed the net proceeds received by such Holder from sales of Registrable Shares pursuant to such Registration Statement (or any amendment thereto), Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), Issuer Free Writing Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) or any preliminary Prospectus.

 

  (c)

If any suit, action, Proceeding (including any governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against any Person in respect of which indemnity may be sought pursuant to paragraph (a) or (b) above, such Person (the “ Indemnified Party ”) shall promptly notify the Person against whom such indemnity may be sought (the “ Indemnifying Party ”) in writing of the commencement thereof (but the failure to so notify an Indemnifying Party shall not relieve it from any liability which it may have under this Section 7, except to the extent the Indemnifying Party is materially prejudiced by the failure to give notice), and the Indemnifying Party, upon request of the Indemnified Party, shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party to represent the Indemnified Party and any others the Indemnifying Party may reasonably designate in such Proceeding and shall pay the reasonable fees and expenses actually incurred by such counsel related to such Proceeding. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in any such Proceeding, any Indemnified Party shall have the right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Party, unless (i) the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall have mutually agreed in writing to the contrary, (ii) the Indemnifying Party failed within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action to assume the defense and employ counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Party, (iii) the Indemnifying Party and its counsel do not actively and vigorously pursue the defense of such action or (iv) the named parties to any such action (including any impleaded parties) include both such Indemnified Party and Indemnifying Party, or any Affiliate of the Indemnifying Party, and such Indemnified Party shall have been reasonably advised by counsel that, either (x) there may be one or more legal defenses available to it which are different from or additional to those available to the Indemnifying Party or such Affiliate of the Indemnifying Party or (y) a conflict may exist between such Indemnified Party and the Indemnifying Party or such Affiliate of the Indemnifying Party (in which case the Indemnifying Party shall not have the right to assume nor direct the

 

14


  defense of such action on behalf of such Indemnified Party; it being understood, however, that the Indemnifying Party shall not, in connection with any one such action or separate but substantially similar or related actions in the same jurisdiction arising out of the same general allegations or circumstances, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm of attorneys (in addition to any local counsel) for all such Indemnified Parties, which firm shall be designated in writing by those Indemnified Parties who sold a majority of the Registrable Shares sold by all such Indemnified Parties and any such separate firm for the Company, the directors, the officers and such control Persons of the Company as shall be designated in writing by the Company). The Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any settlement of any Proceeding effected without its written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, but if settled with such consent or if there is a final judgment for the plaintiff, the Indemnifying Party agrees to indemnify any Indemnified Party from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement or judgment. No Indemnifying Party shall, without the prior written consent of the Indemnified Party, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened Proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Party is or could have been a party and indemnity could have been sought hereunder by such Indemnified Party, unless such settlement (i) includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such Proceeding and (ii) does not include a statement as to or an admission of, fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of the Indemnified Party.

 

  (d) If the indemnification provided for in paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Section 7 is for any reason held to be unavailable to an Indemnified Party in respect of any Liabilities referred to therein (other than by reason of the exceptions provided therein) or is insufficient to hold harmless a party indemnified thereunder, then each Indemnifying Party under such paragraphs, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Party thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Party as a result of such Liabilities (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits of the Indemnified Party on the one hand and the Indemnifying Party(ies) on the other in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such Liabilities, or (ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of the Indemnifying Party(ies) and the Indemnified Party, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault of the Company on the one hand and any Purchaser Indemnitees on the other shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company or by such Purchaser Indemnitees and the parties’ relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.

 

  (e)

The parties agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 7 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if such Indemnified Parties were treated as one entity for such purpose), or by any other method of allocation that does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in Section 7(d) above. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Party as a result of any Liabilities referred to in Section 7(d) above shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any reasonable legal or other expenses actually incurred by such Indemnified Party in connection with investigating or defending any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 7, in no event shall a Purchaser Indemnitee be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the net proceeds received by such Purchaser Indemnitee from sales of Registrable Shares exceeds the amount of any damages that such Purchaser Indemnitee has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. For purposes of this Section 7, each Person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act) FBR or a Holder of Registrable Shares shall have the same rights to contribution as FBR or such Holder, as the case may be, and each Person, if any, who controls (within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act or Section 20(a) of the Exchange Act) the Company, and each officer, director, partner, employee, representative, agent or manager of the Company shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company. Any party entitled to contribution will, promptly after receipt of notice of commencement of any action, suit or Proceeding against such party in respect of which a claim for contribution may be made against another party or parties, notify each party or parties from whom contribution may be sought, but the omission to so notify such party or parties shall not relieve the party or parties from whom contribution may be sought from any obligation it or they may have under this Section 7 or otherwise, except to the extent that

 

15


  any party is materially prejudiced by the failure to give notice. No Person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any Person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation.

 

  (f) The indemnity and contribution agreements contained in this Section 7 will be in addition to any liability which the Indemnifying Parties may otherwise have to the Indemnified Parties referred to above. The Purchaser Indemnitee’s obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 7 are several in proportion to the respective number of Registrable Shares sold by each of the Purchaser Indemnitees hereunder and not joint.

 

8. Market Stand-off Agreement

Each Holder hereby agrees that it shall not, to the extent requested by the Company or an underwriter of securities of the Company, directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell (including without limitation any short sale), grant any option or otherwise transfer or dispose of any Registrable Shares or other shares of Common Stock of the Company or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock of the Company then owned by such Holder (other than to donees or partners of the Holder who agree to be similarly bound) for a period (x) in the case of the Company’s officers, directors, managers or employees, in each case to the extent such Holder holds shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock, beginning on the effective date of, and continuing for a period of up to one hundred eighty (180) days following the effective date of, the IPO Registration Statement of the Company; and (y) in the case of all other Holders, beginning on the effective date of, and continuing for a period of up to sixty (60) days following the effective date of, the IPO Registration Statement of the Company; provided , however , that:

 

  (a) with respect to the Holders (other than the Company’s officers, directors, managers or employees), the restrictions above shall not apply to any shares of Common Stock of the Company acquired in the open market following the effective date of the IPO Registration Statement;

 

  (b) all executive officers and directors of the Company then holding shares of Common Stock of the Company or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for shares of Common Stock of the Company enter into agreements that are no less restrictive;

 

  (c) the Holders shall be allowed any concession or proportionate release allowed to any officer or director that entered into agreements that are no less restrictive (with such proportion being determined by dividing the number of shares being released with respect to such officer or director by the total number of issued and outstanding shares held by such officer or director); provided , that nothing in this Section 8(d) shall be construed as a right to proportionate release for the executive officers and directors of the Company upon the expiration of the sixty (60) day period applicable to all Holders other than the executive officers and directors of the Company; and

 

  (d) with respect to the restrictions set forth in clause (y) above, each Holder shall be allowed a proportionate release granted to any other Holder (with such proportion being determined by dividing the number of shares being released with respect to such Holder by the total number of issued and outstanding shares held by such Holder).

In order to enforce the foregoing covenant, the Company shall have the right to place restrictive legends on the certificates representing the securities subject to this Section 8 and to impose stop transfer instructions with respect to the Registrable Shares and such other securities of each Holder (and the securities of every other Person subject to the foregoing restriction) until the end of such period.

 

9. Termination of the Company’s Obligation

The Company shall have no obligation pursuant to this Agreement with respect to any shares of Common Stock proposed to be sold by a Holder in a registration pursuant to this Agreement if, in the opinion of counsel to the Company, all such shares proposed to be sold by a Holder cease to be Registrable Shares.

 

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10. Limitations on Subsequent Registration Rights

After the date of this Agreement, the Company shall not, without the prior written consent of Holders beneficially owning not less than a majority of the then outstanding Registrable Shares ( provided, however , that for purposes of this Section 10, Registrable Shares that are owned, directly or indirectly, by an Affiliate of the Company or by an “executive officer” (as defined in Rule 405) of the Company shall not be deemed to be outstanding), enter into any agreement with any holder or prospective holder of any securities of the Company that would allow such holder or prospective holder (a) to include such securities in any Registration Statement filed pursuant to the terms hereof, unless, under the terms of such agreement, such holder or prospective holder may include such securities in any such registration only to the extent that the inclusion of its securities will not reduce the amount of Registrable Shares of the Holders that is included, or (b) to have its securities registered on a registration statement that could be declared effective prior to, or within one hundred eighty (180) days of, the effective date of any registration statement filed pursuant to this Agreement. The limitations set forth in this Section 10 shall not apply to any registrations effected by the Company in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Amended and Restated Agreement of Limited Partnership of American Residential Properties OP, L.P.

 

11. Miscellaneous

 

  (a) Remedies . In the event of a breach by the Company of any of its obligations under this Agreement, each of FBR and each Holder, in addition to being entitled to exercise all rights provided herein or, in the case of FBR, in the Purchase/Placement Agreement, or granted by law, including the rights granted in Section 2(f) hereof and recovery of damages, will be entitled to specific performance of its rights under this Agreement. Subject to Section 7, the Company agrees that monetary damages would not be adequate compensation for any loss incurred by reason of a breach by it of any of the provisions of this Agreement and hereby further agrees that, in the event of any action for specific performance in respect of such breach, it shall waive the defense that a remedy at law would be adequate.

 

  (b) Amendments and Waivers . The provisions of this Agreement, including the provisions of this sentence, may not be amended, modified or supplemented, and waivers or consents to or departures from the provisions hereof may not be given, without the written consent of the Company and Holders beneficially owning not less than a majority of the then outstanding Registrable Shares; provided, however , that for purposes of this Section 11(b), Registrable Shares that are owned, directly or indirectly, by an Affiliate of the Company or by an “executive officer” (as defined in Rule 405) of the Company shall not be deemed to be outstanding. No amendment shall be deemed effective unless it applies uniformly to all Holders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a waiver or consent to or departure from the provisions hereof with respect to a matter that relates exclusively to the rights of a Holder whose securities are being sold pursuant to a Registration Statement and that does not directly or indirectly affect, impair, limit or compromise the rights of other Holders may be given by such Holder; provided that the provisions of this sentence may not be amended, modified or supplemented except in accordance with the provisions of the first and second sentences of this paragraph.

 

  (c) Notices . All notices and other communications, provided for or permitted hereunder, shall be made in writing and delivered by facsimile (with receipt confirmed), overnight courier or registered or certified mail, return receipt requested, or by telegram:

 

  (i) if to a Holder, at the most current address given by the transfer agent and registrar of the Shares to the Company; and

 

  (ii) if to the Company, at the offices of the Company at American Residential Properties, Inc., 7047 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 350, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254, Attention: Chief Executive Officer (facsimile: 480-264-2943), with a copy to Hunton & Williams LLP, 951 East Byrd Street, Richmond, Virginia 23219, Attention: Daniel M. LeBey, Esq. (facsimile: 804-788-8218); and

 

  (iii) if to FBR, at the offices of FBR at 1001 Nineteenth Street North, Arlington, Virginia 22209, Attention: Gavin Beske, Esq. (facsimile: 703-469-1140); with a copy to Nelson Mullins Riley & Scarborough LLP, 101 Constitution Avenue, NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC 20001, Attention: Jonathan H. Talcott, Esq. (facsimile: 202-712-2856).

 

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  (d) Successors and Assigns . This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the successors and assigns of each of the parties hereto, including, without limitation and without the need for an express assignment or assumption, subsequent Holders. The Company agrees that the Holders shall be third party beneficiaries to the agreements made hereunder by FBR and the Company, and each Holder shall have the right to enforce such agreements directly to the extent it deems such enforcement necessary or advisable to protect its rights hereunder; provided, however , that such Holder fulfills all of its obligations hereunder.

 

  (e) Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

 

  (f) Headings . The headings in this Agreement are for convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the meaning hereof.

 

  (g) Governing Law . THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, AS APPLIED TO CONTRACTS MADE AND PERFORMED WITHIN THE STATE OF NEW YORK, WITHOUT REGARD TO CONFLICTS OF LAWS PRINCIPLES OTHER THAN SECTION 5-1401 AND 5-1402 OF THE NEW YORK GENERAL OBLIGATION LAW THAT WOULD REQUIRE THE APPLICATION OF THE LAW OF ANY OTHER STATE. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF ANY STATE COURT IN THE STATE OF NEW YORK OR ANY FEDERAL COURT SITTING IN NEW YORK IN RESPECT OF ANY SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT, AND IRREVOCABLY ACCEPTS FOR ITSELF AND IN RESPECT OF ITS PROPERTY, GENERALLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY, THE JURISDICTION OF THE AFORESAID COURTS. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT IT MAY EFFECTIVELY DO SO UNDER APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF THE VENUE OF ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT AND ANY CLAIM THAT ANY SUCH SUIT, ACTION OR PROCEEDING BROUGHT IN ANY SUCH COURT HAS BEEN BROUGHT IN AN INCONVENIENT FORUM.

 

  (h) Severability . If any term, provision, covenant or restriction of this Agreement is held by a court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable, the remainder of the terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions set forth herein shall remain in full force and effect and shall in no way be affected, impaired or invalidated, and the parties hereto shall use their commercially reasonable efforts to find and employ an alternative means to achieve the same or substantially the same result as that contemplated by such term, provision, covenant or restriction. It is hereby stipulated and declared to be the intention of the parties hereto that they would have executed the remaining terms, provisions, covenants and restrictions without including any of such that may be hereafter declared invalid, illegal, void or unenforceable.

 

  (i) Entire Agreement . This Agreement, together with the Purchase/Placement Agreement, is intended by the parties hereto as a final expression of their agreement, and is intended to be a complete and exclusive statement of the agreement and understanding of the parties hereto in respect of the subject matter contained herein and therein.

 

  (j) Registrable Shares Held by the Company or its Affiliates . Whenever the consent or approval of Holders of a specified percentage of Registrable Shares is required hereunder, Registrable Shares held by the Company or its Affiliates or by an “executive officer” (as defined in Rule 405) of the Company shall not be counted in determining whether such consent or approval was given by the Holders of such required percentage.

 

18


  (k) Adjustment for Stock Splits, etc . Wherever in this Agreement there is a reference to a specific number of shares, then upon the occurrence of any subdivision, combination, or stock dividend of such shares, the specific number of shares so referenced in this Agreement shall automatically be proportionally adjusted to reflect the effect on the outstanding shares of such class or series of stock by such subdivision, combination, or stock dividend.

 

  (l) Survival . This Agreement is intended to survive the consummation of the transactions contemplated by the Purchase/Placement Agreement. The indemnification and contribution obligations under Section 7 of this Agreement shall survive the termination of the Company’s obligations under Section 2 of this Agreement.

 

  (m) Attorneys’ Fees . In any action or Proceeding brought to enforce any provision of this Agreement, or where any provision hereof is validly asserted as a defense, the prevailing party, as determined by the court, shall be entitled to recover its reasonable attorneys’ fees in addition to any other available remedy.

[Signature page follows]

 

19


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
By:  

/s/ Laurie A. Hawkes

Name:   Laurie A. Hawkes
Title:   President
FBR CAPITAL MARKETS & CO.
By:  

/s/ Paul Dellisola

Name:   Paul Dellisola
Title:   Senior Managing Director

 

[Signature Page to Registration Rights Agreement]

Exhibit 10.22

CONTRIBUTION AND SALE AGREEMENT

by and among

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.,

S TEPHEN G. SCHMITZ

(Solely for the purpose of Section 5.6 hereof), and

L AURIE A. H AWKES

(Solely for the purpose of Section 5.6 hereof),

and

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.

dated as of May 11, 2012


CONTRIBUTION AND SALE AGREEMENT

This CONTRIBUTION AND SALE AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”) is made and entered into as of May 11, 2012, by and between AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL MANAGEMENT, INC., a Delaware corporation (“ Contributor ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ Acquirer ”) and, solely for the purpose of Section 5.6 hereof, STEPHEN G. SCHMITZ (“ Schmitz ”) and Laurie A. Hawkes (“ Hawkes ”).

BACKGROUND

The Contributor is engaged in the business of managing the acquisition, renovation and management of single-family houses as investment properties for rental as more fully described in the Offering Memorandum, dated as May 4, 2012, relating to the private offering of 10,500,000 shares of the common stock of American Residential Properties, Inc. (the “ Business ”) and in connection therewith has developed a proprietary, vertically integrated real estate acquisition and management platform designed for high volume acquisition activity and focused on the single-family housing sector (the “ Platform ”). Stephen G. Schmitz (“ Schmitz ”) and Laurie A. Hawkes (“ Hawkes ”) are the record and beneficial owners of 100% of the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Contributor. The Contributor desires to contribute substantially all of the assets and assign certain contracts used in connection with the Business and related to the Platform to the Acquirer, and the Acquirer desires to acquire such assets and assume such contracts from the Contributor, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth. In connection therewith, the Acquirer is willing to assume certain liabilities relating to the Platform.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the representations, warranties, covenants and other agreements set forth herein, the parties hereby agree as follows:

ARTICLE I

CONTRIBUTION OF ASSETS; ASSUMPTION OF LIABILITIES

Section 1.1 Contribution of Assets . Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, Contributor shall contribute, sell, assign, transfer, convey and deliver to the Acquirer, and the Acquirer shall accept and acquire from the Contributor, all of the Contributor’s right, title and interest in and to all of the assets related to the Business and the Platform (the “ Contributed Assets ”), free and clear of any mortgage, pledge, lien, charge, security interest, claim or other encumbrance (“ Encumbrance ”) other than (a) liens for taxes not yet due and payable or being contested in good faith by appropriate procedures and (b) mechanics’, carriers’, workmens’, repairmen’s or other similar liens arising or incurred in the ordinary course of business consistent with past practice and which are not material to the Contributed Assets (collectively “ Permitted Encumbrances ”).

Section 1.2 Excluded Assets . Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Contributed Assets shall not include the assets set forth on Schedule 1.2 (the “ Excluded Assets ”).

Section 1.3 Assignment of Contracts and Assumption of Liabilities . Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, the Contributor shall assign, and the Acquirer shall assume,


each of the Assigned Contracts (as defined in Section 3.6), and Acquirer shall assume and agree to pay, perform and discharge the liabilities and obligations set forth on Schedule 1.3 arising after the Closing (as defined herein), but only to the extent that such liabilities and obligations do not relate to any breach, default or violation by the Contributor of any Assigned Contract or of any other contract or obligation on or prior to the Closing (collectively, the “ Assumed Liabilities ”).

Section 1.4 Excluded Liabilities . Other than the Assumed Liabilities, the Acquirer shall not assume any liabilities or obligations of the Contributor of any kind, whether known or unknown, contingent, matured or otherwise, whether currently existing or hereinafter created.

Section 1.5 Consideration for the Contributed Assets .

(a) At the Closing, in consideration for the Contributed Assets that constitute furniture, fixtures and equipment (“ FF&E ”), the Acquirer shall pay the Contributor a cash payment in the amount of $85,574.

(b) At the Closing, in consideration for the remaining Contributed Assets and the assumption by the Acquirer of the Assumed Liabilities, the Acquirer shall issue to the Contributor an aggregate of 175,000 common units of limited partnership interest in the Acquirer (“ Common Units ”), consisting of 87,500 Common Units that are fully vested and unrestricted, other than restrictions on redemption as set forth in Section 8.04 of the Acquirer’s Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “ Partnership Agreement ”) as of the Closing Date (the “ Vested Units ”) and 87,500 Common Units that are subject to the transfer restrictions described in Section 1.5(d) below (the “ Restricted Units ” and, together with the Vested Units, the “ Units ”). The transfer restrictions described in Section 1.5(d) below are referred to as the “ Restrictions ” and the period during which the Restricted Units are subject to the Restrictions is referred to as the “ Restriction Period .” For the avoidance of doubt, during the Restriction Period, distributions on the Restricted Units shall be paid currently to the Contributor in accordance with the terms of the Partnership Agreement.

(c) The Contributor’s interest in the Restricted Units shall become vested, the Restrictions shall lapse and the Restricted Period shall end, upon the first to occur of the events described in sections (1), (2) and (3) below:

(1) On May 11, 2015, which is the third anniversary of the Closing Date.

(2) Upon a Change in Control of American Residential Properties, Inc. (“ ARP ”), as the term “Change in Control” is defined in ARP’s 2012 Equity Incentive Plan.

(3) Upon the effectiveness of a registration statement under which shares of ARP’s common stock are registered for sale or resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), or the listing of ARP’s common stock on a national securities exchange.

(d) During the Restriction Period, the Restricted Units may not be sold, transferred, pledged, redeemed or exchanged (including a redemption pursuant to Section 8.04 of the Partnership Agreement), hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by the Contributor.

 

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Notwithstanding the immediately preceding sentence, the Restricted Units may be transferred to Schmitz and Hawkes subject to the terms and conditions of the Acquirer’s Partnership Agreement.

Section 1.6 Tax Treatment of the Contribution . Contributor and Acquirer agree to treat (i) the contribution of the Contributed Assets (other than the FF&E) to the Acquirer in exchange for the Units as a tax-deferred contribution of property to Acquirer in exchange for partnership interests under Section 721 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”), and (ii) the exchange of the FF&E for the cash consideration described in Section 1.5(a) as a taxable exchange. Contributor and Acquirer shall take no positions inconsistent with the treatment described in the preceding sentence. Acquirer shall use the “traditional method” (without curative allocations) under Treasury Regulations section 1.704-3(c) for purposes of making all allocations under Section 704(c) of the Code with respect to the Contributed Assets (other than the FF&E).

ARTICLE II

CLOSING

Section 2.1 Closing . The closing of all the transactions contemplated by Sections 1.1 through Section 1.5 of this Agreement (the “ Closing ”) will take place on the date hereof (the “ Closing Date ”) simultaneously with the closing of the transactions contemplated by that certain Purchase/Placement Agreement, dated as of the date hereof, by and between the Company and FBR Capital Markets & Co.

Section 2.2 Closing Deliverables .

(a) Contributor’s Closing Deliverables . At the Closing, the Contributor shall deliver to the Acquirer the following:

(1) a bill of sale in the form of Exhibit A hereto (the “ Bill of Sale ”) and duly executed by the Contributor, transferring the FF&E to the Acquirer;

(2) an assignment and assumption agreement in the form of Exhibit B hereto (the “ Assignment and Assumption Agreement ”) and duly executed by the Contributor, effecting the assignment to and assumption by the Acquirer of the remaining Contributed Assets (other than certain Intellectual Property) and the Assumed Liabilities;

(3) an IP assignment and assumption agreement in the form of Exhibit C hereto (the “ IP Assignment and Assumption Agreement ”) and duly executed by the Contributor, effecting the assignment to and assumption by the Acquirer of the Purchased IP (as defined in Section 3.5(b));

(4) an Assignment and Assumption of Lease in the form of Exhibit D hereto (the “ Assignment and Assumption of Lease ”) and duly executed by the Contributor;

(5) copies of all consents, approvals, waivers and authorizations referred to in Schedule 2.2(a)(5) ;

 

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(6) a certificate pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 1.1445-2(b) that the Contributor is not a foreign person within the meaning of Section 1445 of the Code and duly executed by the Contributor;

(7) a certificate of the Secretary or Assistant Secretary (or equivalent officer) of the Contributor in form and substance satisfactory to the Acquirer;

(8) such other customary instruments of transfer, assumption, filings or documents, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Acquirer; and

(9) an executed counterpart signature page of the Acquirer’s Agreement of Limited Partnership (the “ Partnership Agreement ”).

(b) Acquirer’s Closing Deliverables . At the Closing, the Acquirer shall deliver to the Contributor the following:

(1) the Units;

(2) the Assignment and Assumption Agreement duly executed by the Acquirer;

(3) the IP Assignment and Assumption Agreement duly executed by the Acquirer;

(4) the Assignment and Assumption of Lease duly executed by the Acquirer;

(5) a certificate of the general partner of the Acquirer in form and substance reasonably acceptable to the Contributor; and

(6) an executed counterpart signature page to the Partnership Agreement.

ARTICLE III

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE CONTRIBUTOR

Contributor represents and warrants to Acquirer that the statements contained in this Article III are true and correct as of the date hereof. For purposes of this Article III, “Contributor’s knowledge,” “knowledge of Contributor” and any similar phrases shall mean the actual or constructive knowledge of Schmitz and Hawkes.

Section 3.1 Organization and Authority of Contributor; Enforceability . Contributor is a corporation duly incorporated, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of Arizona. Contributor has full corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder, to carry out its obligations hereunder and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution, delivery and performance by Contributor of this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of Contributor. This Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder have been duly executed and delivered by Contributor, and (assuming due

 

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authorization, execution and delivery by Acquirer) this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of Contributor, enforceable against Contributor in accordance with their respective terms.

Section 3.2 No Conflicts; Consents . The execution, delivery and performance by Contributor of this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, do not and will not: (a) violate or conflict with the organizational documents of Contributor; (b) violate or conflict with any judgment, order, decree, statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to Contributor or the Contributed Assets; (c) conflict with, or result in (with or without notice or lapse of time or both) any violation of, or default under, or give rise to a right of termination, acceleration or modification of any obligation or loss of any benefit under any contract or other instrument to which Contributor is a party or to which any of the Contributed Assets are subject; or (d) result in the creation or imposition of any Encumbrance on the Contributed Assets. No consent, approval, waiver or authorization is required to be obtained by Contributor from any person or entity (including any governmental authority) in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by Contributor of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby. No consent, approval, waiver or authorization is required to be obtained by Contributor from any person or entity (including any governmental authority) in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by Contributor of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

Section 3.3 Title to Contributed Assets . Contributor owns and has good title to the Contributed Assets, free and clear of Encumbrances.

Section 3.4 Condition of Assets . The tangible personal property included in the Contributed Assets is in good condition and is adequate for the uses to which it is being put, and none of such tangible personal property is in need of maintenance or repairs except for ordinary, routine maintenance and repairs that are not material in nature or cost.

Section 3.5 Intellectual Property .

(a) “ Intellectual Property ” means any and all of the following in any jurisdiction throughout the world: (i) trademarks and service marks, including all applications and registrations and the goodwill connected with the use of and symbolized by the foregoing; (ii) copyrights, including all applications and registrations related to the foregoing; (iii) trade secrets and confidential know-how; (iv) patents and patent applications; (v) internet domain name registrations; and (vi) other intellectual property and related proprietary rights, interests and protections (including all rights to sue and recover and retain damages, costs and attorneys’ fees for past, present and future infringement and any other rights relating to any of the foregoing).

(b) Schedule 3.5 lists all Intellectual Property included in the Contributed Assets (“ Purchased IP ”). Contributor owns or has adequate, valid and enforceable rights to use all the Purchased IP, free and clear of all Encumbrances. Contributor is not bound by any outstanding judgment, injunction, order or decree restricting the use of the Purchased IP, or restricting the licensing thereof to any person or entity.

 

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(c) Contributor’s prior and current use of the Purchased IP has not and does not infringe, violate, dilute or misappropriate the Intellectual Property of any person or entity and there are no claims pending or threatened by any person or entity with respect to the ownership, validity, enforceability, effectiveness or use of the Purchased IP. No person or entity is infringing, misappropriating, diluting or otherwise violating any of the Purchased IP, and neither Contributor nor any affiliate of Contributor has made or asserted any claim, demand or notice against any person or entity alleging any such infringement, misappropriation, dilution or other violation.

Section 3.6 Assigned Contracts . Schedule 3.6 includes each contract included in the Contributed Assets and being assigned to and assumed by Acquirer (the “ Assigned Contracts ”). Each Assigned Contract is valid and binding on Contributor in accordance with its terms and is in full force and effect. None of Contributor or, to Contributor’s knowledge, any other party thereto is in breach of or default under (or is alleged to be in breach of or default under), or has provided or received any notice of any intention to terminate, any Assigned Contract. No event or circumstance has occurred that, with or without notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute an event of default under any Assigned Contract or result in a termination thereof or would cause or permit the acceleration or other changes of any right or obligation or the loss of benefit thereunder. Complete and correct copies of each Assigned Contract have been made available to Acquirer. There are no disputes pending or threatened under any Assigned Contract.

Section 3.7 Permits . Schedule 3.7 lists all permits, licenses, franchises, approvals, authorizations, registrations, certificates, variances and similar rights obtained from governmental authorities included in the Contributed Assets (the “ Transferred Permits ”). The Transferred Permits are valid and in full force and effect. All fees and charges with respect to such Transferred Permits as of the date hereof have been paid in full. No event has occurred that, with or without notice or lapse of time or both, would reasonably be expected to result in the revocation, suspension, lapse or limitation of any Transferred Permit.

Section 3.8 Non-foreign Status . Contributor is not a “foreign person” as that term is used in Treasury Regulations Section 1.1445-2.

Section 3.9 Compliance With Laws . Contributor has complied, and is now complying, in all material respects with all applicable federal, state and local laws and regulations applicable to ownership and use of the Contributed Assets.

Section 3.10 Legal Proceedings . There is no claim, action, suit, proceeding or governmental investigation (“ Action ”) of any nature pending or, to Contributor’s knowledge, threatened against or by Contributor (a) relating to or affecting the Contributed Assets or the Assumed Liabilities; or (b) that challenges or seeks to prevent, enjoin or otherwise delay the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. No event has occurred or circumstances exist that may give rise to, or serve as a basis for, any such Action.

Section 3.11 Brokers . No broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Contributor.

 

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Section 3.12 Securities Matters .

(a) Contributor is an “accredited investor” as defined in Rule 501 of Regulation D promulgated under the Securities Act and is acquiring the Units for Contributor’s own benefit and account for investment only and not with a view to, or for resale in connection with, a public offering or distribution thereof.

(b) Contributor acknowledges and agrees as follows:

(1) No market for the resale of the Units currently exists, and no such market may ever exist. Accordingly, Contributor must bear the economic and financial risk of an investment in the Units for an indefinite period of time.

(2) The Units have not been registered under the Securities Act or the securities laws of any other jurisdiction and the offer and sale of the Units are being made in reliance on one or more exemptions for private offerings under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act and applicable securities laws. Accordingly, no transfer or other disposition of (whether with or without consideration and whether voluntarily or involuntarily or by operation of law) of any of the Units is permitted unless such transfer is registered under the Securities Act and other applicable securities laws, or an exemption from such registration is available.

(3) The Units are subject to restrictions on transfer set forth herein and the Acquirer’s Partnership Agreement. Accordingly, no transfer of any of the Units is permitted unless such transfer complies with the applicable provisions of this Agreement and the Partnership Agreement.

Section 3.13 Full Disclosure . No representation or warranty by Contributor in this Agreement and no statement contained in any schedule attached to this Agreement or any certificate or other document furnished or to be furnished to Acquirer pursuant to this Agreement contains any untrue statement of a material fact, or omits to state a material fact necessary to make the statements contained therein, in light of the circumstances in which they are made, not misleading.

ARTICLE IV

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE ACQUIRER

Acquirer represents and warrants to Contributor that the statements contained in this Article IV are true and correct as of the date hereof. For purposes of this Article IV, “Acquirer’s knowledge,” “knowledge of Acquirer” and any similar phrases shall mean the actual or constructive knowledge of any director or officer of Acquirer, after due inquiry.

Section 4.1 Organization and Authority of Acquirer; Enforceability . Acquirer is a limited partnership duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the state of Delaware. Acquirer has full limited partnership power and authority to enter into this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder, to carry out its obligations hereunder and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. The execution, delivery and performance by Acquirer of this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all

 

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requisite corporate action on the part of Acquirer. This Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder have been duly executed and delivered by Acquirer, and (assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by Contributor) this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder constitute legal, valid and binding obligations of Acquirer enforceable against Acquirer in accordance with their respective terms.

Section 4.2 No Conflicts; Consents . The execution, delivery and performance by Acquirer of this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder, and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, do not and will not: (a) violate or conflict with the organizational documents of Acquirer; or (b) violate or conflict with any judgment, order, decree, statute, law, ordinance, rule or regulation applicable to Acquirer. No consent, approval, waiver or authorization is required to be obtained by Acquirer from any person or entity (including any governmental authority) in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by Acquirer of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.

Section 4.3 Legal Proceedings . There is no Action of any nature pending or, to Acquirer’s knowledge, threatened against or by Acquirer that challenges or seeks to prevent, enjoin or otherwise delay the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. No event has occurred or circumstances exist that may give rise to, or serve as a basis for, any such Action.

Section 4.4 Brokers . No broker, finder or investment banker is entitled to any brokerage, finder’s or other fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Acquirer.

Section 4.5 Valid Issuance of Units . The Units have been duly authorized and, when issued and paid for in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, will be validly issued to Contributor free of any Encumbrances, except for restrictions on transfer provided for herein, in the Partnership Agreement or under the Securities Act or other applicable securities laws.

ARTICLE V

COVENANTS

Section 5.1 Transferred Employees . At the Closing, Acquirer shall offer employment to those employees of the Contributor identified on Schedule 5.1 (the “ Offered Employees ”). Such offers of employment shall be effected at the Closing for the Offered Employees. Nothing in this Agreement shall interfere with the right of the Acquirer to terminate the employment of any employee thereof, including any Offered Employees who accepts employment with and is employed by the Acquirer effective as of the Closing Date (each, a “ Transferred Employee ”), at any time, with or without notice and for any or no reason, or to restrict the Acquirer in modifying in any way the terms or conditions of employment, including wages, salaries, duties and responsibilities, of any such employee, including any Transferred Employee, after the Closing. Contributor shall cooperate in all reasonable respects with the Acquirer to assume the payroll processing and systems with respect to the Transferred Employees on the Closing Date.

 

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Section 5.2 Employee Benefits Plans .

(a) Schedule 5.2 sets forth a complete list of (i) all “employee benefit plans,” as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA, (ii) all other severance pay, salary continuation, bonus, incentive, stock option, or other equity, retirement, pension, profit sharing, welfare, fringe benefit or deferred compensation plans, contracts, programs, funds, or arrangements of any kind, and (iii) all other employee benefit plans, contracts, programs, funds, or arrangements (whether written or oral, qualified or nonqualified, funded or unfunded, foreign or domestic, currently effective or terminated) and any trust, escrow, or similar agreement related thereto, in respect of any Transferred Employees or former employees, directors, officers, shareholders, members, managers, consultants, or independent contractors of Contributor (all of the above being hereinafter individually or collectively referred to as “ Employee Plan ” or “ Employee Plans ,” respectively).

(b) True and complete copies of the following materials have been delivered or made available to Acquirer: (i) the plan documents for each Employee Plan and all amendments thereto, (ii) all determination letters from the IRS with respect to each Employee Plan intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code, (iii) all current and prior summary plan descriptions, summaries of material modifications, annual reports, summary annual reports, and any other documents used to communicate the Employee Plans to employees, (iv) all trust agreements, insurance contracts, and other documents relating to the funding or payment of benefits under any Employee Plan, (v) all documents, including without limitations, Form 5500, relating to any Employee Plan required to have been filed prior to the date hereof with respect to each Employee Plan, (vi) any communication, opinion, ruling or determination from any Governmental Authority, including the IRS, Department of Labor, or Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation with respect to any Employee Plan, (vii) financial statements and actuarial reports, if any, for each Employee Plan for the three most recently completed plan years or such shorter period as such Employee plan may have been in effect, and (viii) any other documents, forms or other instruments relating to any Employee Plan reasonably requested by Acquirer.

(c) Each Employee Plan has, in all material respects, been maintained, operated, and administered in material compliance with its terms and any related documents or agreements and in compliance with all applicable Laws.

(d) Each Employee Plan intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and has received a favorable determination letter from the IRS as to the qualification and the tax exempt status of each trust thereunder, and such determination letter remains in effect and has not been revoked; provided, however, no such determination letter has been received or is in effect as to any such plan which is based on an IRS-approved prototype or mass submitter document. Nothing has occurred that could reasonably be expected to result in the loss of the qualification of any such Employee Plan or trust under Section 401(a) or 501(a) of the Code.

(e) Neither Contributor nor any ERISA Affiliate currently has and at no time in the past has had an obligation to contribute to a “defined benefit plan” as defined in Section 3(35) of ERISA, a pension plan subject to the funding standards of Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 or 426 of the Code, a “multiemployer plan” as defined in Section 3(37) of ERISA or Section 414(f) of the Code, or a “multiple employer plan” within the meaning of Section 210(a) of ERISA or Section 413(c) of the Code.

 

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(f) With respect to each Employee Plan that is a group health plan benefitting any current or former employee of Contributor or any ERISA Affiliate that is subject to Section 4980B of the Code, or was subject to Section 162(k) of the Code, Seller and each ERISA Affiliate has complied, in all material respects, with (i) the continuation coverage requirements of Section 4980B of the Code and Section 162(k) of the Code, as applicable, and Part 6 of Subtitle B of Title I of ERISA and (ii) the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended.

(g) No Employee Plan provides benefits, including death or medical benefits, beyond termination of service or retirement other than retirement benefits under a pension plan, or continuation healthcare coverage mandated by law.

(h) None of the Acquirer nor any of its Affiliates has any obligation to reimburse, pay or make whole any Person for adverse tax consequences or any related costs (including interest, penalties or additional excise taxes), including consequences or costs arising under Section 409A, Section 280G or Section 4999 of the Code relating to any payment made, provision of, omission from or operation of any Employee Plan.

(i) Each Employee Plan that is subject to Section 409A of the Code materially complies in form and in operation with paragraphs (2), (3) and (4) of Code Section 409A(a).

(j) Except as required by law, neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement nor the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereunder, will, either alone or together with some other event, (i) result in any material payment (including severance, unemployment compensation, golden parachute or otherwise) becoming due to any director, officer or any employee under any Employee Plan or otherwise, (ii) materially increase any benefits otherwise payable under any Employee Plan, or (iii) result in any acceleration of the time of payment or vesting of any such benefits to any material extent.

(k) At the Closing or as soon as reasonably practicable thereafter, the Acquirer will assume each of the Employee Plans, or establish substantially similar replacement plans, at no cost or expense to the Transferred Employees or their respective spouses or dependents. Contributor shall cooperate with the Acquirer in all respects to effectuate the transfer to Acquirer of the Transferred Employees and any Employee Plans to be assumed by Acquirer.

Section 5.3 Public Announcements . Unless otherwise required by applicable law, neither party shall make any public announcements regarding this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby without the prior written consent of the other party (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed).

Section 5.4 Bulk Sales Laws . The parties hereby waive compliance with the provisions of any bulk sales, bulk transfer or similar laws of any jurisdiction that may otherwise be applicable with respect to the sale of any or all of the Contributed Assets to Acquirer.

 

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Section 5.5 Transfer Taxes . All transfer, documentary, sales, use, stamp, registration, value added and other such taxes and fees (including any penalties and interest) incurred in connection with this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder shall be borne and paid by Acquirer when due. Acquirer shall, at its own expense, timely file any tax return or other document with respect to such taxes or fees (and Contributor shall cooperate with respect thereto as necessary).

Section 5.6 Further Assurances . Following the Closing, each of the parties hereto shall execute and deliver such additional documents, instruments, conveyances and assurances and take such further actions as may be reasonably required to carry out the provisions hereof and give effect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder. In addition, following the Closing, Schmitz and Hawkes covenant and agree to take, or to cause their affiliates to take, all actions within their power as may be reasonably necessary or advisable in order to ensure that all of the material assets relating to the Platform and necessary for the operation of the Business, other than the Excluded Assets, have been or are transferred, assigned and conveyed to the Acquirer pursuant to this Agreement as soon as reasonably possible.

ARTICLE VI

MISCELLANEOUS

Section 6.1 Expenses . All costs and expenses incurred in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby shall be paid by Acquirer.

Section 6.2 Notices . All notices, requests, consents, claims, demands, waivers and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been given (a) when delivered by hand (with written confirmation of receipt); (b) when received by the addressee if sent by a nationally recognized overnight courier (receipt requested); (c) on the date sent by facsimile or e-mail of a PDF document (with confirmation of transmission) if sent during normal business hours of the recipient, and on the next business day if sent after normal business hours of the recipient; or (d) on the third day after the date mailed, by certified or registered mail, return receipt requested, postage prepaid. Such communications must be sent to the respective parties at the following addresses (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified in a notice given in accordance with this Section 6.2):

 

If to Contributor:   

American Residential Management, Inc.

7033 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 210

Scottsdale, Arizona 85254

Facsimile: 480-264-2943

E-mail: steve.schmitz@americanresidentialproperties.com

Attention: Stephen G. Schmitz

If to Acquirer.

Schmitz or

Hawkes:

  

American Residential Properties OP, L.P.

7033 East Greenway Parkway, Suite 210

Scottsdale, Arizona 85254

Facsimile: 480-264-2943

E-mail: steve.schmitz@americanresidentialproperties.com

Attention: Stephen G. Schmitz

 

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with a copy to:   

Hunton & Williams LLP

Riverfront Plaza, East Tower

951 East Byrd Street

Richmond, Virginia 23219

Facsimile: (804) 343-4543

Email: dlebey@hunton.com

Attention: Daniel M. LeBey

Section 6.3 Headings . The headings in this Agreement are for reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement.

Section 6.4 Severability . If any term or provision of this Agreement is invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other term or provision of this Agreement or invalidate or render unenforceable such term or provision in any other jurisdiction.

Section 6.5 Entire Agreement . This Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder constitute the sole and entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement with respect to the subject matter contained herein, and supersede all prior and contemporaneous understandings and agreements, both written and oral, with respect to such subject matter. In the event of any inconsistency between the statements in the body of this Agreement and the documents to be delivered hereunder, the Exhibits and Schedules (other than an exception expressly set forth as such in the Schedules), the statements in the body of this Agreement will control.

Section 6.6 Successors and Assigns . This Agreement shall be binding upon and shall inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns. Neither party may assign its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the other party, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. No assignment shall relieve the assigning party of any of its obligations hereunder.

Section 6.7 No Third-party Beneficiaries . This Agreement is for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and permitted assigns and nothing herein, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other person or entity any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.

Section 6.8 Amendment and Modification . This Agreement may only be amended, modified or supplemented by an agreement in writing signed by each party hereto.

Section 6.9 Waiver . No waiver by any party of any of the provisions hereof shall be effective unless explicitly set forth in writing and signed by the party so waiving. No waiver by any party shall operate or be construed as a waiver in respect of any failure, breach or default not expressly identified by such written waiver, whether of a similar or different character, and whether occurring before or after that waiver. No failure to exercise, or delay in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege arising from this Agreement shall operate or be construed as a

 

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waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege.

Section 6.10 Governing Law . This Agreement and the transactions contemplated herein, and all disputes between the parties under or related to this Agreement or the facts and circumstances leading to its execution or performance, whether in contract, tort or otherwise, shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, without reference to the conflict of laws principles thereof (other than Sections 5-1401 and 5-1402 of the New York General Obligations Law).

Section 6.11 Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, e-mail or other means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Agreement.

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement or caused this Agreement to be executed by their respective duly authorized representatives as of the date first written above.

 

CONTRIBUTOR :
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   President

 

ACQUIRER :
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.
By:  

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC, its general partner

  By:   AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC., its sole member
    By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

    Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
    Title:   Chief Executive Officer
SCHMITZ : (solely for purposes of section 5.6)

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Stephen G. Schmitz
HAWKES : (solely for purposes of section 5.6)

/s/ Laurie A. Hawkes

Laurie A. Hawkes

[Contribution and Sale Agreement]


Exhibit A

Bill of Sale

[Attached]


BILL OF SALE

For good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, American Residential Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Seller ”), does hereby grant, bargain, transfer, sell, assign, convey and deliver to American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ Buyer ”), all of its right, title and interest in and to the FF&E, as such term is defined in the contribution and sale agreement, dated as of May 11, 2012 (the “ Contribution and Sale Agreement ”), by and among Seller, Buyer, Stephen G. Schmitz (solely for purposes of Section 5.6 thereof) and Laurie A. Hawkes solely for purposes of Section 5.6 thereof), to have and to hold the same unto Buyer, its successors and assigns, forever.

Buyer acknowledges that Seller makes no representation or warranty with respect to the assets being conveyed hereby except as specifically set forth in the Contribution and Sale Agreement.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Seller has duly executed this Bill of Sale as of May 11, 2012.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   President


Exhibit B

Assignment and Assumption Agreement

[Attached]


ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION AGREEMENT

This Assignment and Assumption Agreement (this “ Agreement ”), effective as of May 11, 2012 (the “ Effective Date ”), is by and between American Residential Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Seller ”), and American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ Buyer ”).

WHEREAS, Seller and Buyer have entered into a certain contribution and sale agreement, dated as of May 11, 2012 (the “ Contribution and Sale Agreement ”), by and among Seller, Buyer, Stephen G. Schmitz (solely for purposes of Section 5.6 thereof) and Laurie A. Hawkes solely for purposes of Section 5.6 thereof), pursuant to which, among other things, Seller has agreed to assign all of its rights, title and interests in, and Buyer has agreed to assume all of Seller’s duties and obligations under, the Contributed Assets (as defined in the Contribution and Sale Agreement) (other than the assets transferred or assigned and assumed pursuant to the Bill of Sale and the IP Assignment and Assumption Agreement (each as defined in the Contribution and Sale Agreement)) and the Assumed Liabilities (as defined in the Contribution and Sale Agreement) (other than the Lease Agreement listed therein by and between Bataa/Kierland II, LLC, an Arizona limited liability company, and Seller) (together, the “ Assets and Contracted Liabilities ”).

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the mutual covenants, terms and conditions set forth herein, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties agree as follows:

 

1. Definitions . All capitalized terms used in this Agreement but not otherwise defined herein are given the meanings set forth in the Contribution and Sale Agreement.

 

2. Assignment and Assumption . Seller hereby sells, assigns, grants, conveys and transfers to Buyer all of Seller’s right, title and interest in and to the Assets and Contracted Liabilities. Buyer hereby accepts such assignment and assumes all of Seller’s duties and obligations under the Assets and Contracted Liabilities and agrees to pay, perform and discharge, as and when due, all of the obligations of Seller under the Assets and Contracted Liabilities accruing on and after the Effective Date.

 

3.

Terms of the Contribution and Sale Agreement . The terms of the Contribution and Sale Agreement, including, but not limited to, the representations, warranties, covenants, agreements and indemnities relating to the Assets and Contracted Liabilities are incorporated herein by this reference. The parties hereto acknowledge and agree that the representations, warranties, covenants, agreements and indemnities contained in the Contribution and Sale Agreement shall not be superseded hereby but shall remain in full


  force and effect to the full extent provided therein. In the event of any conflict or inconsistency between the terms of the Contribution and Sale Agreement and the terms hereof, the terms of the Contribution and Sale Agreement shall govern.

 

4. Governing Law . This Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York without giving effect to any choice or conflict of law provision or rule (whether of the State of New York or any other jurisdiction) that would cause the application of laws of any jurisdiction other than those of the State of New York.

 

5. Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall be deemed to be one and the same agreement. A signed copy of this Agreement delivered by facsimile, email or other means of electronic transmission shall be deemed to have the same legal effect as delivery of an original signed copy of this Agreement.

[SIGNATURE PAGE FOLLOWS]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement to be effective as of the date first above written.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   President
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.
By: American Residential GP, LLC, its general partner
By: American Residential Properties, Inc., its sole member
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   Chief Executive Officer

[Assignment and Assumption Agreement – Exh B of Contribution and Sale Agreement]


Exhibit C

IP Assignment and Assumption Agreement

[Attached]


IP ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION AGREEMENT

This IP Assignment and Assumption Agreement (hereinafter “ Assignment ”), is made and entered into this 11th day of May, 2012 (the “ Effective Date ”), by and between American Residential Management, Inc., a Delaware corporation (hereinafter “ Assignor ”), and American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (hereinafter “ Assignee ”).

WHEREAS, Assignor is the sole owner of certain software and the Real Estate Platform and processes as set forth on Exhibit A , attached hereto and incorporated herein, including all copyrights, trade secrets and other intellectual property rights within such software and software platforms and other related assets, rights, property or equipment (“ Assets ”); and

WHEREAS, the parties intended that all right, title and interest in any Assets be owned by Assignee as of the Effective Date.

NOW THEREFORE, in consideration of the good and valuable consideration furnished by Assignee to Assignor pursuant to that certain Contribution and Sale Agreement between Assignor and Assignee of even date herewith, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, and intending to be legally bound, the parties hereby covenant and agree as follows:

1. Assignment and Assumption . Assignor hereby assigns, transfers, and conveys as of the Effective Date to Assignee, its successors, assigns, or other legal representatives, without the necessity of any additional consideration, all right, title, and interest in and to the Assets throughout the world. This assignment is operative with respect to all intellectual property rights in and to the Assets, including without limitation, (a) all trade secrets in the United States and elsewhere, (b) all copyrights in the United States and elsewhere, including without limitation all rights of registration and publication, rights to create derivative works, and all other rights incident to copyright ownership, (c) all patents in the United States and elsewhere, including without limitation all patent applications and preparations for patent applications owned by Assignor, any foreign or domestic counterparts of the foregoing, and any respective inventions disclosed, claimed or represented therein, and all other patent rights that may be based thereon, and any renewals, revivals, substitutes, divisions, reissues, reexaminations, continuations, continuations-in-part and extensions thereof, and all patents that may issue on any of the foregoing, and (d) all causes of action for trade secret, copyright, patent or any other intellectual property right infringement arising prior to the Effective Date or the date of this Assignment and all damages, profits, penalties and other recoveries related thereto. Assignee hereby accepts the foregoing assignment, transfer and conveyance of the Assets and assumes all rights and obligations incident thereto.

2. Future Cooperation . Assignor further agrees to execute and deliver all requested applications, assignments and other documents, and take such other measures as Assignee shall reasonably request in order to confirm, perfect or evidence more clearly Assignee’s rights in the Assets, and hereby appoints the Assignee its attorney to execute and deliver any such documents on Assignor’s behalf in the event the Assignor fails or refuses to execute and deliver any such documents.


3. Representations . Assignor represents and warrants that it is the sole lawful owner of all rights, title and interest in and to the Assets, that it has the right and authority to sell, assign and transfer same to Assignee and that it has neither made nor entered into any assignment, sale, agreement or encumbrance that would conflict with this Assignment or the matters contemplated hereby.

[ Signatures appear on following page. ]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the parties have executed this Assignment Agreement as of the date first above written.

 

ASSIGNOR
American Residential Management, Inc.
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   President
ASSIGNEE
American Residential Properties OP, L.P.
By: American Residential GP, LLC, its general partner
By: American Residential Properties, Inc., its sole member
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
Title:   Chief Executive Officer

[IP Assignment and Assumption Agreement – Exh C of Contribution and Sale Agreement]


Exhibit A

Assets Description

Assets include the entire Real Estate Production Platform and all pipeline processes developed by Assignor and its predecessors, including but not limited to, all software, systems, research methodology and infrastructure related to acquisition strategies, criteria and models; property screening, sorting and evaluation processes; pricing algorithms and metrics; renovation specifications and bidding processes; quality control protocol; tenant underwriting and evaluation methodology; leasing policies, procedures and management; tracking of market comparables and market rents; property repair and maintenance implementation; HOA interface; property management; accounting and financial management; and all information of a technical nature, prototypes, and pipeline documents, including analytical tools, filing processes and analyses.

Assets also include all: (i) trademarks and service marks, including all applications and registrations and the goodwill connected with the use of and symbolized by the foregoing; (ii) copyrights, including all applications and registrations related to the foregoing; (iii) trade secrets and confidential know-how; (iv) patents and patent applications; (v) internet domain name registrations; and (vi) other intellectual property and related proprietary rights, interests and protections (including all rights to sue and recover and retain damages, costs and attorneys’ fees for past, present and future infringement and any other rights relating to any of the foregoing), in each case containing or relating to the phrases “American Residential Properties” and “American Residential” and the letters “ARP” and all related logos.


Exhibit D

Assignment and Assumption of Lease

[Attached]


ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION OF LEASE

THIS ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION OF LEASE (this “ Assignment ”) is made and entered effective this 11th day of May, 2012, by and between AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL MANAGEMENT, INC. , a Delaware corporation (“ Assignor ”), and AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P. , a Delaware limited partnership (“ Assignee ”).

W I T N E S S E T H:

WHEREAS, Assignor is the lessee pursuant to that certain Lease Agreement dated December 13, 2011, between Bataa/Kierland II, LLC, an Arizona limited liability company, as lessor (“ Lessor ”), and Assignor, or lessee for the leased office suite(s) designated as Suite 210, which is a part of the office building located at 7033 East Greenway Parkway, Scottsdale, Arizona 85254 (as amended or modified, collectively, the “ Lease ”).

WHEREAS, Assignor has agreed, pursuant to a certain Contribution and Sale Agreement dated May 11, 2012, by and among Assignor, Stephen G. Schmitz (solely for the purpose of Section 5.6 thereof), Laurie A. Hawkes (solely for the purpose of Section 5.6 thereof) and Assignee, to, inter alia , assign the Lease to Assignee as provided herein and to contribute certain of Assignor’s assets to Assignee.

WHEREAS, Assignee has agreed to accept the assignment and to assume Assignor’s obligations under the Lease as set forth herein and Lessor has agreed to consent to this Assignment pursuant to Section 21.1 of the Lease.

NOW, THEREFORE, for and in consideration of the conveyance described above, and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which is hereby acknowledged, Assignor and Assignee hereby agree as follows:

1. Assignment . Assignor does hereby grant, bargain, sell, convey, assign, transfer and set over to Assignee all its right, title and interest in and to the Lease.

2. Assumption . Assignee hereby accepts the assignment made herein and assumes and agrees to perform the obligations and agreements of Assignor under the Lease accruing on and after the date of this Assignment. It is acknowledged and agreed that Assignor shall remain responsible and liable for any and all obligations, agreements and liabilities accruing under the Lease before the date of this Assignment.

3. Execution by Counterparts . To facilitate execution and delivery of this Assignment, the parties may execute and exchange counterparts of the signature page by facsimile or other electronic format. The signature of any party to any counterpart may be appended to any other counterpart.

4. Miscellaneous . This Assignment shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their successors and assigns. This Assignment shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of Arizona.

[Signature page follows.]


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , Assignor and Assignee have caused this Assignment to be duly executed and to be effective as of the date first above written.

 

ASSIGNOR :
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL MANAGEMENT, INC.,
a Delaware corporation
  By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
  Its:   President

 

ASSIGNEE :

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.,

a Delaware limited partnership

 

By: American Residential GP, LLC,

its general partner

   

By: American Residential REIT, Inc.,

its sole member

      By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

      Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
      Its:   Chief Executive Officer

IN WITNESS WHEREOF , Lessor has, pursuant to Section 21.1 of the Lease, consented to this Assignment effective as of the date first above written.

 

LESSOR :

BATAA/KIERLAND II, LLC,

an Arizona limited liability company

  By: Bataa Oil, Inc., sole member/manager
    By:  

/s/ David J. Calvin

    Name:   David J. Calvin
    Its:   Owner

[Assignment and Assumption of Lease – Exh D Contribution and Sale Agreement]

Exhibit 10.23

 

 

 

EXECUTION COPY

Published CUSIP Number: 02926HAA7

CREDIT AGREEMENT

Dated as of January 18, 2013

among

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL LEASING COMPANY, LLC,

as the Borrower,

and

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRS, LLC

and

THE SUBSIDIARIES OF

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.

FROM TIME TO TIME PARTY HERETO,

as Guarantors,

and

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. ,

as Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and as a Lender,

and

The Other Lenders Party Hereto

and

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH INCORPORATED,

as

Sole Bookrunner and Sole Lead Arranger

 

 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

Section

       Page  

ARTICLE I.

 

DEFINITIONS AND ACCOUNTING TERMS

     1   

1.01

 

Defined Terms

     1   

1.02

 

Other Interpretive Provisions

     36   

1.03

 

Accounting Terms

     37   

1.04

 

Rounding

     38   

1.05

 

Times of Day

     38   

1.06

 

Letter of Credit Amounts

     38   

ARTICLE II.

 

THE COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT EXTENSIONS

     38   

2.01

 

Revolving Credit Loans

     38   

2.02

 

Borrowings, Conversions and Continuations of Committed Loans

     38   

2.03

 

Letters of Credit

     40   

2.04

 

Prepayments of Revolving Credit Loans

     48   

2.05

 

Termination or Reduction of Commitments

     49   

2.06

 

Repayment of Revolving Credit Loans

     50   

2.07

 

Interest

     50   

2.08

 

Fees

     50   

2.09

 

Computation of Interest and Fees; Retroactive Adjustments of Applicable Rate

     51   

2.10

 

Evidence of Debt

     51   

2.11

 

Payments Generally; Administrative Agent’s Clawback

     52   

2.12

 

Sharing of Payments by Lenders

     54   

2.13

 

Extension of Maturity Date

     55   

2.14

 

Increase in Commitments

     56   

2.15

 

Cash Collateral

     58   

2.16

 

Defaulting Lenders

     59   

2.17

 

Borrowing Base Eligibility Criteria; Sales and other Removals of Investment Properties Included in the Borrowing Base Amount; Valuation Reports

     61   

ARTICLE III.

 

TAXES, YIELD PROTECTION AND ILLEGALITY

     65   

3.01

 

Taxes

     65   

3.02

 

Illegality

     70   

3.03

 

Inability to Determine Rates

     70   

3.04

 

Increased Costs; Reserves on Eurodollar Rate Loans

     71   

3.05

 

Compensation for Losses

     72   

3.06

 

Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders

     73   

3.07

 

Survival

     73   

 

i


ARTICLE IV.

 

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO CREDIT EXTENSIONS

     74   

4.01

 

Conditions of Initial Credit Extension

     74   

4.02

 

Conditions to all Credit Extensions

     76   

ARTICLE V.

 

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

     78   

5.01

 

Existence, Qualification and Power

     78   

5.02

 

Authorization; No Contravention

     78   

5.03

 

Governmental Authorization; Other Consents

     78   

5.04

 

Binding Effect

     78   

5.05

 

Financial Statements; No Material Adverse Effect

     78   

5.06

 

Litigation

     79   

5.07

 

No Default

     79   

5.08

 

Ownership of Property; Liens

     79   

5.09

 

Environmental Compliance

     79   

5.10

 

Insurance

     80   

5.11

 

Taxes

     80   

5.12

 

ERISA Compliance

     80   

5.13

 

Subsidiaries; Equity Interests

     81   

5.14

 

Margin Regulations; Investment Company Act

     81   

5.15

 

Disclosure

     82   

5.16

 

Compliance with Laws

     82   

5.17

 

Taxpayer Identification Number

     82   

5.18

 

Intellectual Property; Licenses, Etc.

     82   

5.19

 

OFAC

     82   

5.20

 

Solvency

     83   

5.21

 

Casualty, Etc.

     83   

5.22

 

Labor Matters

     83   

5.23

 

Collateral Documents

     83   

5.24

 

REIT Status; Stock Exchange Listing

     83   

5.25

 

Subsidiary Guarantors

     83   

ARTICLE VI.

 

AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS

     84   

6.01

 

Financial Statements

     84   

6.02

 

Certificates; Other Information

     85   

6.03

 

Notices

     88   

6.04

 

Payment of Obligations

     88   

6.05

 

Preservation of Existence, Etc.

     89   

6.06

 

Maintenance of Properties

     89   

6.07

 

Maintenance of Insurance

     89   

6.08

 

Compliance with Laws

     90   

6.09

 

Books and Records

     90   

6.10

 

Inspection Rights

     90   

6.11

 

Use of Proceeds

     91   

6.12

 

Additional Collateral; Additional Guarantors

     91   

6.13

 

Compliance with Environmental Laws

     92   

6.14

 

Further Assurances

     92   

 

ii


6.15

 

Maintenance of REIT Status; New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ Listing

     93   

6.16

 

Information Regarding Collateral

     93   

6.17

 

Lien Searches

     94   

6.18

 

Material Contracts

     94   

6.19

 

Minimum Amount and Value of Eligible Investment Properties

     94   

ARTICLE VII.

 

NEGATIVE COVENANTS

     94   

7.01

 

Liens

     94   

7.02

 

Investments

     96   

7.03

 

Indebtedness

     97   

7.04

 

Fundamental Changes

     98   

7.05

 

Dispositions

     99   

7.06

 

Restricted Payments

     99   

7.07

 

Change in Nature of Business

     100   

7.08

 

Transactions with Affiliates

     100   

7.09

 

Burdensome Agreements

     101   

7.10

 

Use of Proceeds

     101   

7.11

 

Financial Covenants

     101   

7.12

 

Accounting Changes

     102   

7.13

 

Amendment, Waivers and Terminations of Certain Agreements

     102   

7.14

 

Prepayments, Etc. of Indebtedness

     102   

7.15

 

Sanctions

     102   

7.16

 

Subsidiaries of Parent

     102   

ARTICLE VIII.

 

EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES

     102   

8.01

 

Events of Default

     102   

8.02

 

Remedies Upon Event of Default

     105   

8.03

 

Application of Funds

     106   

ARTICLE IX.

 

ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT

     107   

9.01

 

Appointment and Authority

     107   

9.02

 

Rights as a Lender

     107   

9.03

 

Exculpatory Provisions

     107   

9.04

 

Reliance by Administrative Agent

     108   

9.05

 

Delegation of Duties

     109   

9.06

 

Resignation of Administrative Agent

     109   

9.07

 

Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders

     110   

9.08

 

No Other Duties, Etc.

     110   

9.09

 

Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim

     111   

9.10

 

Collateral and Guaranty Matters

     111   

ARTICLE X.

 

CONTINUING GUARANTY

     112   

10.01

 

Guaranty

     112   

 

iii


10.02

 

Rights of Lenders

     113   

10.03

 

Certain Waivers

     113   

10.04

 

Obligations Independent

     114   

10.05

 

Subrogation

     114   

10.06

 

Termination; Reinstatement

     114   

10.07

 

Subordination

     114   

10.08

 

Stay of Acceleration

     115   

10.09

 

Condition of the Borrower

     115   

10.10

 

Limitations on Enforcement

     115   

10.11

 

Contribution

     115   

ARTICLE XI.

 

MISCELLANEOUS

     116   

11.01

 

Amendments, Etc.

     116   

11.02

 

Notices; Effectiveness; Electronic Communication

     118   

11.03

 

No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies; Enforcement

     120   

11.04

 

Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver

     121   

11.05

 

Payments Set Aside

     123   

11.06

 

Successors and Assigns

     123   

11.07

 

Treatment of Certain Information; Confidentiality

     127   

11.08

 

Right of Setoff

     128   

11.09

 

Interest Rate Limitation

     129   

11.10

 

Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness

     129   

11.11

 

Survival of Representations and Warranties

     130   

11.12

 

Severability

     130   

11.13

 

Replacement of Lenders

     130   

11.14

 

Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Etc.

     131   

11.15

 

Waiver of Jury Trial

     132   

11.16

 

No Advisory or Fiduciary Responsibility

     132   

11.17

 

Electronic Execution of Assignments and Certain Other Documents

     133   

11.18

 

USA PATRIOT Act

     133   

11.19

 

Termination of Availability Period

     134   

SIGNATURES

       S-1   

 

iv


SCHEDULES

 

I

  

Excluded Subsidiaries

II

  

Excluded Pledge Subsidiaries

III

  

Subsidiary Guarantors

IV

  

Initial Eligible Investment Properties

2.01

  

Commitments and Applicable Percentages

5.12(d)

  

Pension Plans

5.13

  

Subsidiaries; Equity Interests

7.01

  

Existing Liens

11.02

  

Administrative Agent’s Office; Certain Addresses for Notices

EXHIBITS

 

  

Form of

A

  

Loan Notice

B

  

Note

C

  

Compliance Certificate

D-1

  

Assignment and Assumption

D-2

  

Administrative Questionnaire

E

  

Pledge Agreement

F

  

Solvency Certificate

G

  

U.S. Tax Compliance Certificates

H

  

Availability Certificate

I-1

  

Perfection Certificate

I-2

  

Perfection Certificate Supplement

J

  

Investment Property Descriptions

 

v


CREDIT AGREEMENT

This CREDIT AGREEMENT (“ Agreement ”) is entered into as of January 18, 2013, among AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL LEASING COMPANY, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Borrower ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC., a Maryland corporation (the “ Parent ”), as a Guarantor, AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential GP ”), as a Guarantor, AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), as a Guarantor, AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), as a Guarantor, CERTAIN SUBSIDIARIES OF THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP, as Guarantors, each lender from time to time party hereto (collectively, the “ Lenders ” and individually, a “ Lender ”), and BANK OF AMERICA, N.A. , as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer.

The Borrower has requested that the Lenders provide a revolving credit facility, and the Lenders are willing to do so on the terms and conditions set forth herein.

In consideration of the mutual covenants and agreements herein contained, the parties hereto covenant and agree as follows:

ARTICLE I. DEFINITIONS AND ACCOUNTING TERMS

1.01 Defined Terms . As used in this Agreement, the following terms shall have the meanings set forth below:

Acceptable Management Company ” means, with respect to any Eligible NNN Leased Investment Property that is not managed by the applicable Approved NNN Lessee or an Affiliate thereof, a management company this is reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent.

Acceptable Management Agreement ” means, with respect to any Eligible NNN Investment Property, an agreement setting forth the terms and conditions pursuant to which an Acceptable Management Company manages such Investment Property, which agreement shall be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent.

Acquired Lease Intangible ” means an intangible asset that, in accordance with GAAP purchase accounting, is required to be set forth on a consolidated balance sheet of the Consolidated Group as a result of the acquisition by the Parent or a Subsidiary thereof of an Investment Property subject to an existing lease.

Adjusted Net Operating Income ” means, with respect to any Eligible Investment Property for any fiscal month of the Parent, an amount equal to (i) the Net Operating Income of such Eligible Investment Property for such period, less (to the extent not already included in calculation of such Net Operating Income, and without duplication), the sum of (x) the aggregate amount of maintenance Capital Expenditures made in respect of such Eligible Investment Property during such period and (y) the aggregate amount of homeowners association fees paid or payable during such period in respect of such Eligible Investment Property, multiplied by (ii) twelve (12).


Administrative Agent ” means Bank of America in its capacity as administrative agent under any of the Loan Documents, or any successor administrative agent.

Administrative Agent’s Office ” means the Administrative Agent’s address and, as appropriate, account as set forth on Schedule 11.02 , or such other address or account as the Administrative Agent may from time to time notify to the Borrower and the Lenders.

Administrative Questionnaire ” means an Administrative Questionnaire in substantially the form of Exhibit D-2 or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent.

Affiliate ” means, with respect to a specified Person, another Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls or is Controlled by or is under common Control with the Person specified.

Aggregate Commitments ” means, at any time, the aggregate amount of the Lenders’ Commitments at such time. On the Closing Date, the Aggregate Commitments are $150,000,000.

Aggregate Deficit Amount ” has the meaning specified in Section 10.11 .

Aggregate Excess Amount ” has the meaning specified in Section 10.11 .

Agreement ” means this Credit Agreement.

American Residential GP ” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereto.

American Residential TRS ” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereto.

Applicable Fee Rate ” means, with respect to any day, the per annum fee rate set forth opposite the Line Usage for such day in the following pricing grid:

 

Applicable Fee Rate

 

Pricing Level

  

Line Usage

   

Applicable Fee
Rate

 

1

     < 50     0.45

2

     >  50     0.35

Applicable Percentage ” means with respect to any Lender at any time, the percentage (carried out to the ninth decimal place) of the Aggregate Commitments represented by such Lender’s Commitment at such time, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 2.16 . If the commitment of each Lender to make Revolving Credit Loans and the obligation of the L/C

 

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Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions have been terminated pursuant to Section 8.02 or if the Aggregate Commitments have expired, then the Applicable Percentage of each Lender shall be determined based on the Applicable Percentage of such Lender most recently in effect, giving effect to any subsequent assignments made in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The initial Applicable Percentage of each Lender is set forth opposite the name of such Lender on Schedule 2.01 or in the Assignment and Assumption or New Lender Joinder Agreement pursuant to which such Lender becomes a party hereto, as applicable.

Applicable Rate ” means the applicable percentage per annum set forth below determined by reference to the ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Asset Value as set forth in the most recent Compliance Certificate received by the Administrative Agent and the Lenders pursuant to Section 6.02(b) :

 

Applicable Rate

 

Pricing Level

  

Ratio of Total
Indebtedness to Total
Asset Value

    

Eurodollar Rate
(Letters of
Credit)

   

Base Rate

 

I

     £  45%         2.50     1.50

II

     > 45% but  £  50%         2.75     1.75

III

     > 50% but  £  55%         3.00     2.00

IV

     > 55%         3.25     2.25

Any increase or decrease in the Applicable Rate resulting from a change in the ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Asset Value shall become effective as of the first Business Day immediately following the date a Compliance Certificate is delivered pursuant to Section 6.02(b) ; provided , however , that if a Compliance Certificate is not delivered when due in accordance with such Section, then Pricing Level IV shall apply as of the first Business Day after the date on which such Compliance Certificate was required to have been delivered and shall remain in effect until the date on which such Compliance Certificate is delivered.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this definition, (i) from the Closing Date to the date on which the Administrative Agent and the Lenders receive a Compliance Certificate pursuant to Section 6.02(b) for the fiscal quarter of the Parent ending December 31, 2012, the Pricing Level determined based on the ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Asset Value as set forth in the Pro Forma Closing Date Compliance Certificate shall apply and (ii) the determination of the Applicable Rate for any period shall be subject to the provisions of Section 2.09(b) .

Approved Fund ” means any Fund that is administered or managed by (a) a Lender, (b) an Affiliate of a Lender or (c) an entity or an Affiliate of an entity that administers or manages a Lender.

 

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Approved NNN Lessee ” means, at any time, any Person that, together with its affiliates, are lessees at such time under NNN Lease Agreements with respect to Eligible NNN Leased Investment Properties (i) having an aggregate Investment Property Value of $20,000,000 or less or (ii) having an aggregate Investment Property Value of more than $20,000,000 so long as such Person shall have been approved in writing by the Required Lenders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, solely with respect to the Investment Properties that are included in the Mack Portfolio, Mack Industries, Ltd., an Illinois corporation, shall be deemed as an Approved NNN Lessee.

Approved Third Party Managed Investment Property ” means, at any time, an Investment Property that is subject to an Approved Third Party Management Agreement at such time (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any ARP Managed Investment Property, any NNN Leased Investment Property and any Legacy Managed Investment Property).

Approved Third Party Management Agreement ” means, at any time, a management agreement with respect to an Investment Property that is with a manager, and is on terms and conditions, reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent.

ARP Managed Property ” means an Investment Property that is managed by the Borrower or an affiliate thereof (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any Approved Third Party Managed Investment Property, any NNN Leased Investment Property and any Legacy Managed Property).

Arranger ” means Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, in its capacity as sole lead arranger and sole book manager for the credit facility provided under this Agreement.

Assignment and Assumption ” means an assignment and assumption entered into by a Lender and an Eligible Assignee (with the consent of any party whose consent is required by Section 11.06(b) ), and accepted by the Administrative Agent, in substantially the form of Exhibit D-1 or any other form (including electronic documentation generated by MarkitClear or other electronic platform) approved by the Administrative Agent.

Attributable Indebtedness ” means, on any date, (a) in respect of any capital lease of any Person, the capitalized amount thereof that would appear on a balance sheet of such Person prepared as of such date in accordance with GAAP, and (b) in respect of any Synthetic Lease Obligation, the capitalized amount of the remaining lease payments under the relevant lease that would appear on a balance sheet of such Person prepared as of such date in accordance with GAAP if such lease were accounted for as a capital lease.

Availability ” means, at any time, the lesser of (a) the Aggregate Commitments in effect at such time and (b) the Borrowing Base Amount at such time minus , in the case of each of clauses (a) and (b) above, the sum of (i) Total Outstandings at such time and (ii) the Outstanding Recourse Indebtedness Amount at such time.

Availability Certificate ” means a certificate executed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower, substantially in the form of Exhibit H (or another form acceptable to the Administrative Agent) setting forth the calculation of Availability, in such detail as shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. All calculations of Availability in

 

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connection with the preparation of any Availability Certificate shall originally be made by the Borrower and certified to the Administrative Agent; provided , that the Administrative Agent shall have the right to review and adjust, in consultation with the Borrower, any such calculation (x) to reflect any discrepancies in any of the components of the amounts set forth therein with any information received by the Administrative Agent and (y) to the extent the Administrative Agent determines that such calculation contains errors or is not otherwise in accordance with this Agreement.

Availability Period ” means the period from and including the Closing Date to the earliest of (a) the Maturity Date, (b) the date of termination of the Aggregate Commitments pursuant to Section 2.05 , and (c) the date of termination of the commitment of each Lender to make Loans and of the obligation of the L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions pursuant to Section 8.02 or Section 11.19 .

Bank of America ” means Bank of America, N.A. and its successors.

Bankruptcy Code ” means Title 11 of the United States Code (11 U.S.C. §101 et seq.).

Base Rate ” means for any day a fluctuating rate per annum equal to the highest of (a) the Federal Funds Rate plus 1/2 of 1%, (b) the rate of interest in effect for such day as publicly announced from time to time by Bank of America as its “prime rate,” and (c) the Eurodollar Rate plus 1.00%. The “prime rate” is a rate set by Bank of America based upon various factors including Bank of America’s costs and desired return, general economic conditions and other factors, and is used as a reference point for pricing some loans, which may be priced at, above, or below such announced rate. Any change in such prime rate announced by Bank of America shall take effect at the opening of business on the day specified in the public announcement of such change.

Base Rate Loan ” means a Revolving Credit Loan that bears interest based on the Base Rate.

Borrower ” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereto.

Borrower Materials ” has the meaning specified in Section 6.02 .

Borrowing ” means a borrowing consisting of simultaneous Revolving Credit Loans of the same Type and, in the case of Eurodollar Rate Loans, having the same Interest Period made by each Lender pursuant to Section 2.01 .

Borrowing Base Amount ” means, at any time, an amount equal to the sum of

(a) the aggregate Borrowing Base Values of all Eligible Transitional Investment Properties at such time, (b) the lesser of (1) the aggregate Borrowing Base Values of all Eligible Leased Investment Properties and Eligible Unleased Investment Properties at such time and (2) the Debt Yield Amount at such time for all Eligible Leased Investment Properties and Eligible Unleased Investment Properties and (c) the lesser of (1) the aggregate Borrowing Base Values of all Eligible NNN Leased Investment Properties at such time and (2) the Debt Yield Amount at such time for all Eligible NNN Leased Investment Properties, provided , that

 

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(i) not more than 25% of the Borrowing Base Amount at any time may be in respect of Eligible Investment Properties that are located in any one county (except that Eligible Investment Properties that are located in Maricopa County, Arizona may at any time constitute up to the Permitted Maricopa Percentage of the Borrowing Base Amount at such time), with any excess over the foregoing limit being excluded from the Borrowing Base Amount unless otherwise consented to in writing by the Required Lenders,

(ii) not more than 25% of the Borrowing Base Amount at any time may be in respect of Eligible Investment Properties that are not single family detached houses, with any excess over the foregoing limit being excluded from the Borrowing Base Amount unless otherwise consented to in writing by the Required Lenders,

(iii) not more than (A) 40% of the Borrowing Base Amount at any time during the six month period commencing on the Closing Date may be in respect of Eligible Transitional Investment Properties, (B) 30% of the Borrowing Base Amount at any time during the immediately succeeding six month period may be in respect of Eligible Transitional Investment Properties, (C) 20% of the Borrowing Base Amount at any time during the immediately succeeding six month period may be in respect of Eligible Transitional Investment Properties and (D) 15% of the Borrowing Base Amount at any time thereafter may be in respect of Eligible Transitional Investment Properties, in each case with any excess over any of the foregoing limits being excluded from the Borrowing Base Amount unless otherwise consented to in writing by the Required Lenders,

(iv) not more than 15% of the Borrowing Base Amount at any time may be in respect of Short Term Leased Investment Properties, with any excess over the foregoing limit being excluded from the Borrowing Base Amount unless otherwise consented to in writing by the Required Lenders,

(v) not more than 50% of the Borrowing Base Amount at any time may be in respect of Investment Properties that are not ARP Managed Properties, with any excess over the foregoing limit being excluded from the Borrowing Base Amount except to the extent otherwise consented to by the Required Lenders,

(vi) not more than 10% of the Borrowing Base Amount at any time may be in respect of Legacy Managed Investment Properties, with any excess over the foregoing limit being excluded from the Borrowing Base Amount except to the extent otherwise consented to by the Required Lenders, and

(vii) except with respect to the Mack Portfolio, not more than 10% of the Borrowing Base Amount at any time may be in respect of NNN Leased Investment Properties that are leased to any one lessee or affiliated group of lessees (whether pursuant to one or more than one NNN Lease Agreement), with any excess over the foregoing limit being excluded from the Borrowing Base Amount except to the extent otherwise consented to by the Required Lenders.

Borrowing Base Eligibility Criteria ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.17(a) .

 

6


Borrowing Base Inclusion Period ” means the period commencing on the Closing Date and ending on January 18, 2015.

Borrowing Base Loan Party ” means (i) the Borrower or (ii) any other Wholly Owned Domestic Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership so long as (x) such Wholly Owned Domestic Subsidiary is a Subsidiary Guarantor, and any Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that directly or indirectly owns any Equity Interests of such Wholly Owned Domestic Subsidiary is the Borrower or a Subsidiary Guarantor and (y) 100% of the Equity Interests of such Wholly-Owned Domestic Subsidiary (together with all of the Equity Interests of any Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that directly or indirectly owns any Equity Interests of such Wholly Owned Domestic Subsidiary) have been pledged as Collateral in favor of the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, pursuant to the Collateral Documents.

Borrowing Base Value ” means:

(1) prior to the Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Date,

(a) in the case of any Eligible Transitional Investment Property, an amount equal to (i) at any time during the period commencing on the date such Eligible Transitional Investment Property is acquired by the applicable Loan Party from a third party that is not an Affiliate of Parent (or the Closing Date with respect to each Eligible Transitional Investment Property that is an Initial Eligible Investment Property) and ending 120 days thereafter, forty percent (40%) of the Investment Property Cost of such Eligible Transitional Investment Property at such time and (ii) at all times thereafter, $0,

(b) in the case of any Eligible Leased Investment Property or Eligible NNN Leased Investment Property (i) at any time on or prior to the Initial Maturity Date, an amount equal to forty percent (40%) of the Investment Property Cost of such Investment Property at such time and (ii) at any time after the Initial Maturity Date, an amount equal to the lesser of (x) forty percent (40%) of the Investment Property Cost of such Investment Property at such time and (y) forty percent (40%) of the Reported Value of such Investment Property (as set forth in the Valuation Report relating to such Investment Property delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 2.13(b)(vii) ), and

(c) in the case of any Eligible Unleased Investment Property, (i) if on or prior to the Initial Maturity Date, an amount equal to (x) at any time during the period commencing on the date such Investment Property becomes an Eligible Unleased Investment Property and ending 90 days thereafter, forty percent (40%) of the Investment Property Cost of such Eligible Unleased Investment Property at such time and (y) at all times thereafter, $0 and (ii) if after the Initial Maturity Date, an amount equal to (x) at any time during the period commencing on the date such Investment Property becomes an Eligible Unleased Investment Property and ending 90 days thereafter, the lesser of (A) forty percent (40%) of the Investment Property Cost of such Eligible Unleased Investment Property at such time and (B) forty percent (40%) of the Reported Value of such Eligible Unleased Investment Property (as set forth in the Valuation Report relating to such Eligible Unleased Investment Property delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 2.13(b)(vii) ) and (y) at all times thereafter, $0; and

 

7


(2) on and after the Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Date,

(a) in the case of any Eligible Transitional Investment Property, an amount equal to (i) at any time during the period commencing on the date such Eligible Transitional Investment Property is acquired by the applicable Loan Party from a third party that is not an Affiliate of Parent (or the Closing Date with respect to each Eligible Transitional Investment Property that is an Initial Eligible Investment Property) and ending 120 days thereafter, forty-five percent (45%) of the Investment Property Cost of such Eligible Transitional Investment Property at such time and (ii) at all times thereafter, $0,

(b) in the case of any Eligible Leased Investment Property or Eligible NNN Leased Investment Property, an amount equal to the lesser of (i) fifty percent (50%) of the Investment Property Cost of such Investment Property at such time and (ii) fifty percent (50%) of the Reported Value of such Investment Property (as set forth in the then most recent Valuation Report relating to such Investment Property delivered to the Administrative Agent in connection with a Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Certificate or pursuant to Section 2.13(b)(vii) , 2.17(a) or 2.17(d) ), and

(c) in the case of any Eligible Unleased Investment Property, an amount equal to (i) at any time during the period commencing on the date such Investment Property becomes an Eligible Unleased Investment Property and ending 90 days thereafter, the lesser of (x) fifty percent (50%) of the Investment Property Cost of such Eligible Unleased Investment Property at such time and (y) fifty percent (50%) of the Reported Value of such Eligible Unleased Investment Property (as set forth in the then most recent Valuation Report relating to such Eligible Unleased Investment Property delivered to the Administrative Agent delivered to the Administrative Agent in connection with a Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Certificate or pursuant to Section 2.13(b)(vii) , 2.17(a) or 2.17(d) )) and (ii) at all times thereafter, $0.

Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Certificate ” has the meaning specified in the definition of “Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Date”.

Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Date ” means the first Business Day following the date on which (i) the aggregate Investment Property Values of all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is greater than or equal to $300,000,000, (ii) the Borrower has delivered to the Administrative Agent an Availability Certificate showing that Availability as of such Business Day is greater than or equal to $0, and a certificate (a “ Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Certificate ”) executed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower (x) certifying that the aggregate Investment Property Values of all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is greater than or equal to $300,000,000 and (y) notifying the Administrative Agent that the Borrower has irrevocably elected to have the Borrowing Base Value of each Eligible Investment Property calculated in accordance with clause (2) of the definition of “Borrowing Base Value” at all times thereafter and (iii) the Borrower has delivered to the Administrative Agent a Valuation Report with respect to each then existing Eligible Investment Property, in each case dated not earlier than 10 days prior to the date of such Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Certificate.

 

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Business Day ” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which commercial banks are authorized to close under the Laws of, or are in fact closed in, the state where the Administrative Agent’s Office is located and, if such day relates to any Eurodollar Rate Loan, means any such day that is also a London Banking Day.

Capital Expenditures ” means, for any period, all expenditures made or costs incurred (whether made in the form of cash or other property), for the acquisition, improvement or repair of fixed or capital assets of a Person, in each case that are required to be set forth in a consolidated statement of cash flows of such Person for such period prepared in accordance with GAAP as capital expenditures.

Cash Collateralize ” means to pledge and deposit with or deliver to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of one or more of the L/C Issuer or the Lenders, as collateral for L/C Obligations or obligations of the Lenders to fund participations in respect of L/C Obligations, cash or deposit account balances or, if the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer shall agree in their sole discretion, other credit support, in each case pursuant to documentation in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer. “Cash Collateral” shall have a meaning correlative to the foregoing and shall include the proceeds of such cash collateral and other credit support.

Cash Equivalents ” means:

(a) United States dollars (including such dollars as are held as overnight bank deposits and demand deposits with banks);

(b) marketable direct obligations issued by, or unconditionally guaranteed by, the United States Government or issued by any agency or instrumentality thereof and backed by the full faith and credit of the United States of America, in each case maturing within one year from the date of acquisition thereof;

(c) marketable direct obligations issued by any State of the United States of America or any political subdivision of any such State or any public instrumentality thereof maturing within one year from the date of acquisition thereof and, at the time of acquisition, having a rating of at least A-2 from S&P or at least P-2 of Moody’s;

(d) commercial paper maturing no more than one year from the date of creation thereof and, at the time of acquisition, having a rating of at least A-2 from S&P or at least P-2 from Moody’s;

(e) time deposits, demand deposits, certificates of deposit, Eurodollar time deposits, time deposit accounts, term deposit accounts or bankers’ acceptances maturing within one year from the date of acquisition thereof or overnight bank deposits, in each case, issued by any bank organized under the laws of the United States of America or any State thereof or the District of Columbia or any U.S. branch of a foreign bank having at the date of acquisition thereof combined capital and surplus of not less than $1,000,000,000; and

(f) investments in money market funds which invest substantially all their assets in securities of the types described in clauses (a)  through (e)  above.

 

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CERCLA ” means the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980.

CERCLIS ” means the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Information System maintained by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.

Change in Law ” means the occurrence, after the date of this Agreement, of any of the following: (a) the adoption or taking effect of any law, rule, regulation or treaty, (b) any change in any law, rule, regulation or treaty or in the administration, interpretation, implementation or application thereof by any Governmental Authority or (c) the making or issuance of any request, rule, guideline or directive (whether or not having the force of law) by any Governmental Authority; provided that notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, (x) the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and all requests, rules, guidelines or directives thereunder or issued in connection therewith and (y) all requests, rules, guidelines or directives promulgated by the Bank for International Settlements, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (or any successor or similar authority) or the United States or foreign regulatory authorities, in each case pursuant to Basel III, shall in each case be deemed to be a “Change in Law”, regardless of the date enacted, adopted or issued.

Change of Control ” means an event or series of events by which:

(a) any “person” or “group” (as such terms are used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, but excluding any employee benefit plan of such person or its subsidiaries, and any person or entity acting in its capacity as trustee, agent or other fiduciary or administrator of any such plan) becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rules 13d-3 and 13d-5 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, except that a person or group shall be deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of all securities that such person or group has the right to acquire, whether such right is exercisable immediately or only after the passage of time (such right, an “ option right ”)), directly or indirectly, of 25% or more of the equity securities of the Parent entitled to vote for members of the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the Parent on a fully-diluted basis (and taking into account all such securities that such person or group has the right to acquire pursuant to any option right);

(b) during any period of 12 consecutive months, a majority of the members of the board of directors or other equivalent governing body of the Parent cease to be composed of individuals (i) who were members of that board or equivalent governing body on the first day of such period, (ii) whose election or nomination to that board or equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clause (i)  above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body or (iii) whose election or nomination to that board or other equivalent governing body was approved by individuals referred to in clauses (i)  and (ii)  above constituting at the time of such election or nomination at least a majority of that board or equivalent governing body (excluding, in the case of both clause (ii)  and clause

 

10


(iii) , any individual whose initial nomination for, or assumption of office as, a member of that board or equivalent governing body occurs as a result of an actual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents for the election or removal of one or more directors by any person or group other than a solicitation for the election of one or more directors by or on behalf of the board of directors);

(c) the passage of thirty days from the date upon which any Person or two or more Persons acting in concert shall have acquired by contract or otherwise, or shall have entered into a contract or arrangement that, upon consummation thereof, will result in its or their acquisition of the power to exercise, directly or indirectly, a controlling influence over the management or policies of the Parent, or control over the equity securities of the Parent entitled to vote for members of the board of directors or equivalent governing body of the Parent on a fully-diluted basis (and taking into account all such securities that such Person or group has the right to acquire pursuant to any option right) representing 25% or more of the combined voting power of such securities;

(d) the REIT shall cease to own, directly, 100% of the Equity Interests of American Residential GP, free and clear of all Liens (other than Liens permitted under clause (a) of Section 7.01 );

(e) American Residential GP shall cease to be the sole general partner of the Operating Partnership or shall cease to own, directly, 100% of the general partnership interests of the Operating Partnership, free and clear of all Liens (other than Liens permitted under clause (a) of Section 7.01 );

(f) (i) the REIT and American Residential GP shall cease to collectively own, directly, Equity Interests of the Operating Partnership representing at least 51% of the total economic interests of the Equity Interests of the Operating Partnership, free and clear of all Liens (other than Liens permitted under Section 7.1(a) ) or (ii) any holder of a limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership is provided with or obtains voting rights with respect to such limited partnership interest that are more expansive in any respect than the voting rights afforded to limited partners of the Operating Partnership under the Organization Documents of the Operating Partnership in effect on the Closing Date;

(g) the Operating Partnership shall cease to own, directly, 100% of the Equity Interests of the Borrower, free and clear of all Liens (other than Liens permitted under clause (a) of Section 7.01 ); or

(h) the Operating Partnership shall cease to own, directly or indirectly, 100% of the Equity Interests of each Subsidiary Guarantor (or, with respect to any Subsidiary Guarantor that is not a Wholly-Owned Subsidiary on the date it becomes a Subsidiary Guarantor, such lesser percentage of the Equity Interests of such Subsidiary Guarantor, directly or indirectly, owned by the Operating Partnership on the date such Subsidiary became a Subsidiary Guarantor), except for the Disposition of a Subsidiary Guarantor expressly permitted under this Agreement.

 

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Closing Date ” means the first date all the conditions precedent in Section 4.01 are satisfied or waived in accordance with Section 11.01 .

Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986.

Collateral ” means all of the “Collateral” referred to in the Collateral Documents (including, without limitation, all of the Equity Interests of the Borrower and each Subsidiary of the Borrower (other than an Excluded Pledge Subsidiary), and all proceeds thereof) and all of the other property that is or is intended under the terms of the Collateral Documents to be subject to Liens in favor of the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties.

Collateral Documents ” means, collectively, the Pledge Agreement and each of the other agreements, instruments or documents that creates or perfects or purports to create or perfect a Lien in favor of the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties.

Commitment ” means, as to each Lender, its obligation to (a) make Revolving Credit Loans to the Borrower pursuant to Section 2.01 and (b) purchase participations in L/C Obligations in an aggregate principal amount at any one time outstanding not to exceed the amount set forth opposite such Lender’s name on Schedule 2.01 or in the Assignment and Assumption or New Lender Joinder Agreement pursuant to which such Lender becomes a party hereto, as applicable, as such amount may be adjusted from time to time in accordance with this Agreement.

Compliance Certificate ” means a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit C .

Connection Income Taxes ” means Other Connection Taxes that are imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated) or that are franchise Taxes or branch profits Taxes.

Consolidated Group ” means, collectively, the Loan Parties and their Consolidated Subsidiaries.

Consolidated Group Pro Rata Share ” means, with respect to any Unconsolidated Affiliate, the percentage interest held by the Consolidated Group, in the aggregate, in such Unconsolidated Affiliate determined by calculating the percentage of Equity Interests of such Unconsolidated Affiliate owned by the Consolidated Group.

Consolidated Subsidiaries ” means, as to any Person, all Subsidiaries of such Person that are consolidated with such Person for financial reporting purposes under GAAP.

Contractual Obligation ” means, as to any Person, any provision of any security issued by such Person or of any agreement, instrument or other undertaking to which such Person is a party or by which it or any of its property is bound.

Control ” means the possession, directly or indirectly, of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management or policies of a Person, whether through the ability to exercise voting power, by contract or otherwise. “ Controlling ” and “ Controlled ” have meanings correlative thereto.

 

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Credit Extension ” means each of the following: (a) a Borrowing and (b) an L/C Credit Extension.

Debtor Relief Laws ” means the Bankruptcy Code, and all other liquidation, conservatorship, bankruptcy, assignment for the benefit of creditors, moratorium, rearrangement, receivership, insolvency, reorganization, or similar debtor relief Laws of the United States or other applicable jurisdictions from time to time in effect.

Debt Yield Amount ” means, at any time, (1) with respect to Eligible Leased Investment Properties and Eligible Unleased Investment Properties, an amount equal to (a) the sum of the Adjusted Net Operating Income of each Eligible Leased Investment Property and each Eligible Unleased Investment Property for the then most recently ended fiscal month of Parent for which rent rolls have been delivered to the Administrative Agent, divided by (b) the Debt Yield Threshold Percentage, and (2) with respect to Eligible NNN Leased Investment Properties, an amount equal to (a) the lesser of (i) the sum of the Adjusted Net Operating Income of each Eligible NNN Leased Investment Property for the then most recently ended fiscal month of Parent for which rent rolls and statements of operations have been delivered to the Administrative Agent and (ii) the aggregate monthly rental payments paid to one or more Loan Parties under all NNN Lease Agreements during the then most recently ended fiscal month of Parent for which rent rolls have been delivered to the Administrative Agent, divided by (b) the Debt Yield Threshold Percentage.

Debt Yield Threshold Percentage ” means (i) at all times prior to the Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Date, 14% and (ii) at all times on and after the Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Date, 11%.

Default ” means any event or condition that constitutes an Event of Default or that, with the giving of any notice, the passage of time, or both, would be an Event of Default.

Default Rate ” means (a) when used with respect to Obligations other than Letter of Credit Fees, an interest rate equal to (i) the Base Rate, plus (ii) the Applicable Rate for Base Rate Loans (assuming that Pricing Level IV applied in the pricing grid set forth in the definition of “Applicable Rate”), plus (iii) 2% per annum; provided , however , that with respect to a Eurodollar Rate Loan, the Default Rate shall be an interest rate equal to (i) the Eurodollar Rate, plus (ii) the Applicable Rate for Eurodollar Rate Loans (assuming that Pricing Level IV applied in the pricing grid set forth in the definition of “Applicable Rate”), plus (iii) 2% per annum, and (b) when used with respect to Letter of Credit Fees, a rate equal to the Applicable Rate then applicable to Letter of Credit Fees plus 2% per annum.

Defaulting Lender ” means, subject to Section 2.16(b) , any Lender that (a) has failed to (i) fund all or any portion of its Revolving Credit Loans within two Business Days of the date such Revolving Credit Loans were required to be funded hereunder unless such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower in writing that such failure is the result of such Lender’s determination that one or more conditions precedent to funding (each of which conditions precedent, together with any applicable default, shall be specifically identified in such writing) has not been satisfied, or (ii) pay to the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer or any Lender any other amount required to be paid by it hereunder (including in respect of its

 

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participation in Letters of Credit and amounts payable pursuant to Section 11.04(c) ) within two Business Days of the date when due, (b) has notified the Borrower, the Administrative Agent or the L/C Issuer in writing that it does not intend to comply with its funding obligations hereunder, or has made a public statement to that effect (unless such writing or public statement relates to such Lender’s obligation to fund a Revolving Credit Loan hereunder and states that such position is based on such Lender’s determination that a condition precedent to funding (which condition precedent, together with any applicable default, shall be specifically identified in such writing or public statement) cannot be satisfied), (c) has failed, within three Business Days after written request by the Administrative Agent or the Borrower, to confirm in writing to the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that it will comply with its prospective funding obligations hereunder ( provided that such Lender shall cease to be a Defaulting Lender pursuant to this clause (c)  upon receipt of such written confirmation by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower), or (d) has, or has a direct or indirect parent company that has, (i) become the subject of a proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law, or (ii) had appointed for it a receiver, custodian, conservator, trustee, administrator, assignee for the benefit of creditors or similar Person charged with reorganization or liquidation of its business or assets, including the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other state or federal regulatory authority acting in such a capacity; provided that a Lender shall not be a Defaulting Lender solely by virtue of the ownership or acquisition of any Equity Interest in that Lender or any direct or indirect parent company thereof by a Governmental Authority so long as such ownership interest does not result in or provide such Lender with immunity from the jurisdiction of courts within the United States or from the enforcement of judgments or writs of attachment on its assets or permit such Lender (or such Governmental Authority) to reject, repudiate, disavow or disaffirm any contracts or agreements made with such Lender. Any determination by the Administrative Agent that a Lender is a Defaulting Lender under any one or more of clauses (a)  through (d)  above, and of the effective date of such status, shall be conclusive and binding absent manifest error, and such Lender shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender (subject to Section 2.16(b) ) as of the date established therefor by the Administrative Agent in a written notice of such determination, which shall be delivered by the Administrative Agent to the Borrower, the L/C Issuer and each Lender promptly following such determination.

Designated Jurisdiction ” means any country or territory to the extent that such country or territory itself is the subject of any Sanction.

Disposition ” or “ Dispose ” means the sale, transfer, license, lease or other disposition (including any sale and leaseback transaction) of any property by any Person, including any sale, assignment, transfer or other disposal, with or without recourse, of any notes or accounts receivable or any rights and claims associated therewith.

Dollar ” and “ $ ” mean lawful money of the United States.

Domestic Subsidiary ” means any Subsidiary that is organized under the laws of any political subdivision of the United States.

EBITDA ” means, with respect to the Consolidated Group for any period, the sum of (a) Net Income for such period, in each case, excluding (without duplication), (i) any non recurring or extraordinary gains and losses for such period, (ii) any income or gain and any loss in each

 

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case resulting from the early extinguishment of indebtedness during such period, (iii) any net income or gain or any loss resulting from a Swap Contract (including by virtue of a termination thereof) during such period and (iv) any non-cash equity compensation expense incurred during such period, plus (b) an amount which, in the determination of Net Income for such period pursuant to clause (a) above, has been deducted for or in connection with: (i) Interest Expense ( plus , amortization of deferred financing costs, to the extent included in the determination of Interest Expense in accordance with GAAP), (ii) income taxes and (iii) depreciation and amortization, all as determined in accordance with GAAP for such period, plus (c) the Consolidated Group Pro Rata Share of the foregoing items attributable to the Consolidated Group’s interests in Unconsolidated Affiliates.

Eligible Assignee ” means any Person that meets the requirements to be an assignee under Section 11.06(b)(iii) , and (v)  (subject to such consents, if any, as may be required under Section 11.06(b)(iii) ).

Eligible Investment Properties ” means, collectively at any time, the Initial Eligible Investment Properties and any other Investment Property which, in each case, at such time satisfies each of the Borrowing Base Eligibility Criteria.

Eligible Leased Investment Property ” means, at any time, any Leased Investment Property that is an Eligible Investment Property at such time.

Eligible NNN Leased Investment Property ” at any time means any NNN Investment Property that is an Eligible Investment Property at such time.

Eligible Transitional Investment Property ” means, at any time, any Transitional Investment Property that is an Eligible Investment Property at such time.

Eligible Unleased Investment Property ” means, at any time, any Unleased Investment Property that is an Eligible Investment Property at such time.

Environmental Laws ” means any and all Federal, state, local, and foreign statutes, laws, regulations, ordinances, rules, judgments, orders, decrees, permits, concessions, grants, franchises, licenses, agreements or governmental restrictions relating to pollution and the protection of the environment or the release of any materials into the environment, including those related to hazardous substances or wastes, air emissions and discharges to waste or public systems.

Environmental Liability ” means any liability, contingent or otherwise (including any liability for damages, costs of environmental remediation, fines, penalties or indemnities), of the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any of their respective Subsidiaries directly or indirectly resulting from or based upon (a) violation of any Environmental Law, (b) the generation, use, handling, transportation, storage, treatment or disposal of any Hazardous Materials, (c) exposure to any Hazardous Materials, (d) the release or threatened release of any Hazardous Materials into the environment or (e) any contract, agreement or other consensual arrangement pursuant to which liability is assumed or imposed with respect to any of the foregoing.

 

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Environmental Permit ” means any permit, approval, identification number, license or other authorization required under any Environmental Law.

Equity Interests ” means, with respect to any Person, all of the shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the warrants, options or other rights for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person, all of the securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of capital stock of (or other ownership or profit interests in) such Person or warrants, rights or options for the purchase or acquisition from such Person of such shares (or such other interests), and all of the other ownership or profit interests in such Person (including partnership, member or trust interests therein), whether voting or nonvoting, and whether or not such shares, warrants, options, rights or other interests are outstanding on any date of determination.

ERISA ” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974.

ERISA Affiliate ” means any trade or business (whether or not incorporated) under common control with the Borrower within the meaning of Section 414(b) or (c) of the Code (and Sections 414(m) and (o) of the Code for purposes of provisions relating to Section 412 of the Code).

ERISA Event ” means (a) a Reportable Event with respect to a Pension Plan; (b) the withdrawal of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from a Pension Plan subject to Section 4063 of ERISA during a plan year in which such entity was a “substantial employer” as defined in Section 4001(a)(2) of ERISA or a cessation of operations that is treated as such a withdrawal under Section 4062(e) of ERISA; (c) a complete or partial withdrawal by the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate from a Multiemployer Plan or notification that a Multiemployer Plan is in reorganization; (d) the filing of a notice of intent to terminate, the treatment of a Pension Plan amendment as a termination under Section 4041 or 4041A of ERISA; (e) the institution by the PBGC of proceedings to terminate a Pension Plan; (f) any event or condition which constitutes grounds under Section 4042 of ERISA for the termination of, or the appointment of a trustee to administer, any Pension Plan; (g) the determination that any Pension Plan is considered an at-risk plan or a plan in endangered or critical status within the meaning of Sections 430, 431 and 432 of the Code or Sections 303, 304 and 305 of ERISA; or (h) the imposition of any liability under Title IV of ERISA, other than for PBGC premiums due but not delinquent under Section 4007 of ERISA, upon the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate.

Eurodollar Rate ” means:

(a) for any Interest Period with respect to a Eurodollar Rate Loan, the rate per annum equal to (i) the British Bankers Association LIBOR Rate or the successor thereto if the British Bankers Association is no longer making a LIBOR rate available (“ LIBOR ”), as published by Reuters (or such other commercially available source providing quotations of LIBOR as may be designated by the Administrative Agent from time to time) at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time, two London Banking Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period, for Dollar deposits (for delivery on the first day of such Interest Period) with a term equivalent to such Interest Period or, (ii) if such rate is not available at such time for any reason, the rate per annum determined by the Administrative Agent to be the rate at which deposits in Dollars for delivery

 

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on the first day of such Interest Period in same day funds in the approximate amount of the Eurodollar Rate Loan being made, continued or converted and with a term equivalent to such Interest Period would be offered by Bank of America’s London Branch to major banks in the London interbank eurodollar market at their request at approximately 11:00 a.m. (London time) two London Banking Days prior to the commencement of such Interest Period; and

(b) for any interest calculation with respect to a Base Rate Loan on any date, the rate per annum equal to (i) LIBOR, at approximately 11:00 a.m., London time determined two London Banking Days prior to such date for Dollar deposits being delivered in the London interbank market for a term of one month commencing that day or (ii) if such published rate is not available at such time for any reason, the rate per annum determined by the Administrative Agent to be the rate at which deposits in Dollars for delivery on the date of determination in same day funds in the approximate amount of the Base Rate Loan being made or maintained and with a term equal to one month would be offered by Bank of America’s London Branch to major banks in the London interbank Eurodollar market at their request at the date and time of determination.

Eurodollar Rate Loan ” means a Revolving Credit Loan that bears interest at a rate based on clause (a)  of the definition of “Eurodollar Rate.”

Event of Default ” has the meaning specified in Section 8.01 .

Excluded Pledge Subsidiary ” means (a) an Excluded Subsidiary that (i) has Secured Indebtedness which by its terms does not permit the Equity Interests in such Excluded Subsidiary to be pledged as collateral to secure the Obligations and (ii) is designated as an “Excluded Pledge Subsidiary” on Schedule II hereto or in a written notice executed by a Responsible Officer of the Parent and delivered to the Administrative Agent, and (b) American Residential TRS, but only so long as American Residential TRS does not (i) own any portion of any Eligible Investment Property, (ii) own any Subsidiaries, or (iii) manage, directly or indirectly, any portion of any Eligible Investment Property.

Excluded Subsidiary ” means any Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that (a) does not own any portion of any Eligible Investment Property and (b) does not, directly or indirectly, own any portion of the Equity Interests of any Subsidiary that owns an Eligible Investment Property; provided , that (i) such Subsidiary has Indebtedness that (x) is owed to a Person that is not an Affiliate of the Parent or any Subsidiary thereof, (y) is Secured Indebtedness and (z) by its terms does not permit such Subsidiary to guarantee the Obligations and (ii) such Subsidiary has been designated as an “Excluded Subsidiary” on Schedule I hereto or in a written notice executed by a Responsible Officer of the Parent and delivered to the Administrative Agent.

Excluded Taxes ” means any of the following Taxes imposed on or with respect to any Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to a Recipient, (a) Taxes imposed on or measured by net income (however denominated), franchise Taxes, and branch profits Taxes, in each case, (i) imposed as a result of such Recipient being organized under the laws of, or having its principal office or, in the case of any Lender, its Lending Office located in, the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (or any political subdivision thereof) or (ii) that are Other Connection Taxes, (b) in the case of a Lender, U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed on

 

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amounts payable to or for the account of such Lender with respect to an applicable interest in a Revolving Credit Loan or Commitment pursuant to a law in effect on the date on which (i) such Lender acquires such interest in the Revolving Credit Loan or Commitment (other than pursuant to an assignment request by the Borrower under Section 11.13 ) or (ii) such Lender changes its Lending Office, except in each case to the extent that, pursuant to Section 3.01(a)(ii) , (a)(iii) or (c) , amounts with respect to such Taxes were payable either to such Lender’s assignor immediately before such Lender became a party hereto or to such Lender immediately before it changed its Lending Office, (c) Taxes attributable to such Recipient’s failure to comply with Section 3.01(e) and (d) any U.S. federal withholding Taxes imposed pursuant to FATCA.

Extension Notice ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.13(a) .

FASB ASC ” means the Accounting Standards Codification of the Financial Accounting Standards Board.

FATCA ” means Sections 1471 through 1474 of the Code, as of the date of this Agreement (or any amended or successor version that is substantively comparable and not materially more onerous to comply with), any current or future regulations or official interpretations thereof and any agreements entered into pursuant to Section 1471(b)(1) of the Code.

Federal Funds Rate ” means, for any day, the rate per annum equal to the weighted average of the rates on overnight Federal funds transactions with members of the Federal Reserve System arranged by Federal funds brokers on such day, as published by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York on the Business Day next succeeding such day; provided that (a) if such day is not a Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate for such day shall be such rate on such transactions on the next preceding Business Day as so published on the next succeeding Business Day, and (b) if no such rate is so published on such next succeeding Business Day, the Federal Funds Rate for such day shall be the average rate (rounded upward, if necessary, to a whole multiple of 1/100 of 1%) charged to Bank of America on such day on such transactions as determined by the Administrative Agent.

Fee Letter ” means the letter agreement, dated November 8, 2012, among the Parent, the Administrative Agent and the Arranger.

Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio ” means (a) with respect to each fiscal quarter of the Parent ending prior to March 31, 2014, the ratio as of the last day of such fiscal quarter of (i) EBITDA for such fiscal quarter to (ii) Fixed Charges for such fiscal quarter and (b) with respect to each fiscal quarter of the Parent ending on or after March 31, 2014, the ratio as of the last day of such fiscal quarter of (i) EBITDA for the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Parent ending on such day to (ii) Fixed Charges for such four consecutive fiscal quarter period.

Fixed Charges ” means, with respect to the Consolidated Group for any period, an amount equal to the sum, without duplication, of (i) Interest Expense for such period (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs, to the extent included in the determination of Interest Expense in accordance with GAAP), (ii) scheduled payments of principal on Total Indebtedness made or required be made during such period (excluding any balloon payments payable on

 

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maturity of any such Total Indebtedness), (iii) the amount of dividends or distributions paid or required to be paid by any member of the Consolidated Group to any Person that is not a member of the Consolidated Group during such period in respect of its preferred Equity Interests and (iv) the Consolidated Group Pro Rata Share of the foregoing items attributable to the Consolidated Group’s interests in Unconsolidated Affiliates.

Foreign Lender ” means a Lender that is not a U.S. Person.

FRB ” means the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System of the United States.

Fronting Exposure ” means, at any time there is a Defaulting Lender, such Defaulting Lender’s Applicable Percentage of the outstanding L/C Obligations other than L/C Obligations as to which such Defaulting Lender’s participation obligation has been reallocated to other Lenders or Cash Collateralized in accordance with the terms hereof.

Fund ” means any Person (other than a natural Person) that is (or will be) engaged in making, purchasing, holding or otherwise investing in commercial loans and similar extensions of credit in the ordinary course of its activities.

Funds From Operations ” means, with respect to any period and without double counting, an amount equal to the Net Income for such period, excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures; provided that “Funds From Operations” shall exclude impairment charges, charges from the early extinguishment of indebtedness and other non-cash charges as evidenced by a certification of a Responsible Officer of the Parent containing calculations in reasonable detail satisfactory to the Administrative Agent. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect “Funds From Operations” on the same basis. In addition, “Funds from Operations” shall be adjusted to remove any impact of the expensing of acquisition costs pursuant to FAS 141 (revised), as issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board in December of 2007, and effective January 1, 2009, including, without limitation, (i) the addition to Net Income of costs and expenses related to ongoing consummated acquisition transactions during such period; and (ii) the subtraction from Net Income of costs and expenses related to acquisition transactions terminated during such period.

GAAP ” means generally accepted accounting principles in the United States set forth in the opinions and pronouncements of the Accounting Principles Board and the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and statements and pronouncements of the Financial Accounting Standards Board or such other principles as may be approved by a significant segment of the accounting profession in the United States, that are applicable to the circumstances as of the date of determination, consistently applied.

Governmental Authority ” means the government of the United States or any other nation, or of any political subdivision thereof, whether state or local, and any agency, authority, instrumentality, regulatory body, court, central bank or other entity exercising executive, legislative, judicial, taxing, regulatory or administrative powers or functions of or pertaining to government (including any supra-national bodies such as the European Union or the European Central Bank).

 

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Guarantee ” means, as to any Person, (a) any obligation, contingent or otherwise, of such Person guaranteeing or having the economic effect of guaranteeing any Indebtedness or other obligation payable or performable by another Person (the “primary obligor”) in any manner, whether directly or indirectly, and including any obligation of such Person, direct or indirect, (i) to purchase or pay (or advance or supply funds for the purchase or payment of) such Indebtedness or other obligation, (ii) to purchase or lease property, securities or services for the purpose of assuring the obligee in respect of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment or performance of such Indebtedness or other obligation, (iii) to maintain working capital, equity capital or any other financial statement condition or liquidity or level of income or cash flow of the primary obligor so as to enable the primary obligor to pay such Indebtedness or other obligation, or (iv) entered into for the purpose of assuring in any other manner the obligee in respect of such Indebtedness or other obligation of the payment or performance thereof or to protect such obligee against loss in respect thereof (in whole or in part), or (b) any Lien on any assets of such Person securing any Indebtedness or other obligation of any other Person, whether or not such Indebtedness or other obligation is assumed by such Person (or any right, contingent or otherwise, of any holder of such Indebtedness to obtain any such Lien). The amount of any Guarantee shall be deemed to be an amount equal to the stated or determinable amount of the related primary obligation, or portion thereof, in respect of which such Guarantee is made or, if not stated or determinable, the maximum reasonably anticipated liability in respect thereof as determined by the guaranteeing Person in good faith. The term “Guarantee” as a verb has a corresponding meaning.

Guarantors ” means, collectively, (i) the Parent, (ii) American Residential GP, (iii) the Operating Partnership, (iv) American Residential TRS and (v) each Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership listed on Schedule III and each other Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that becomes a guarantor of the Obligations in accordance with Section 6.12(b) , in each case to the extent such Subsidiary is not released from its guarantee of the Obligations by the Administrative Agent in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement.

Guaranty ” means the Guaranty made by the Guarantors under Article X in favor of the Secured Parties.

Hazardous Materials ” means all explosive or radioactive substances or wastes and all hazardous or toxic substances, wastes or other pollutants, including petroleum or petroleum distillates, asbestos or asbestos-containing materials, polychlorinated biphenyls, radon gas, infectious or medical wastes, lead-based paint, Toxic Mold, volatile substances emitted from building materials, and all other substances or wastes of any nature regulated pursuant to any Environmental Law.

Historical Financial Statements ” means the unaudited consolidated balance sheet of the Consolidated Group for the fiscal quarter of the Parent ended September 30, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income or operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows for such fiscal quarter of the Parent, including the notes thereto.

 

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Improvement Costs ” means, with respect to any Investment Property as of any date of determination, all non-maintenance Capital Expenditures incurred through such date, including rehabilitation costs, which shall only include those actual out-of-pocket expenditures for hard costs incurred to repair or improve such Investment Property; provided , that any such expenditure with respect to an Eligible Investment Property shall not be included as an Improvement Cost if, after effect to the inclusion of such expenditure as an Improvement Cost, the aggregate amount of Improvement Costs for all Investment Properties that are Eligible Investment Properties at such time would exceed 10% of the aggregate Purchase Prices of all such Eligible Investment Properties.

Increase Effective Date ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.14(d) .

Indebtedness ” means, as to any Person at a particular time, without duplication, all of the following, whether or not included as indebtedness or liabilities in accordance with GAAP:

(a) all obligations of such Person for borrowed money and all obligations of such Person evidenced by bonds, debentures, notes, loan agreements or other similar instruments;

(b) all direct or contingent obligations of such Person arising under letters of credit (including standby and commercial), bankers’ acceptances and similar instruments (including bank guaranties, surety bonds, comfort letters, keep-well agreements and capital maintenance agreements) to the extent such instruments or agreements support financial, rather than performance, obligations;

(c) net obligations of such Person under any Swap Contract;

(d) all obligations of such Person to pay the deferred purchase price of property or services;

(e) indebtedness (excluding prepaid interest thereon) secured by a Lien on property owned or being purchased by such Person (including indebtedness arising under conditional sales or other title retention agreements), whether or not such indebtedness shall have been assumed by such Person or is limited in recourse;

(f) capital leases, Synthetic Lease Obligations and Synthetic Debt;

(g) all obligations of such Person to purchase, redeem, retire, defease or otherwise make any payment in respect of any Equity Interest in such Person or any other Person, valued, in the case of a redeemable preferred interest, at the greater of its voluntary or involuntary liquidation preference plus accrued and unpaid dividends; and

(h) all Guarantees of such Person in respect of any of the foregoing.

For all purposes hereof: (a) the Indebtedness of any Person shall include the Indebtedness of any partnership or joint venture (other than a joint venture that is itself a corporation or limited liability company) in which such Person is a general partner or a joint venturer, unless such Indebtedness is expressly made non-recourse to such Person, (b) the Indebtedness of the Consolidated Group shall include the Consolidated Group Pro Rata Share of

 

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the foregoing items and components thereof attributable to Indebtedness of Unconsolidated Affiliates, (c) the amount of any net obligation under any Swap Contract on any date shall be deemed to be the Swap Termination Value thereof as of such date and (d) the amount of any capital lease or Synthetic Lease Obligation as of any date shall be deemed to be the amount of Attributable Indebtedness in respect thereof as of such date.

Indemnified Taxes ” means (a) Taxes, other than Excluded Taxes, imposed on or with respect to any payment made by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party under any Loan Document and (b) to the extent not otherwise described in (a), Other Taxes.

Indemnitees ” has the meaning specified in Section 11.04(b) .

Information ” has the meaning specified in Section 11.07 .

Initial Eligible Investment Properties ” means those Eligible Investment Properties set forth on Schedule IV hereto which have been approved by the Administrative Agent as of the Closing Date for inclusion in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount.

Initial Maturity Date ” means January 18, 2015.

Initial Public Offering ” means the issuance by the Parent of its common Equity Interests in an underwritten primary public offering (other than a public offering pursuant to a registration statement on Form S-8) pursuant to an effective registration statement filed with the SEC in accordance with the Securities Act of 1933.

Interest Expense ” means, for any period, without duplication, total interest expense of the Consolidated Group for such period determined in accordance with GAAP (including interest expense attributable to the Consolidated Group’s ownership interests in Unconsolidated Affiliates and, for the avoidance of doubt, capitalized interest).

Interest Payment Date ” means, (a) as to any Revolving Credit Loan other than a Base Rate Loan, the last day of each Interest Period applicable to such Revolving Credit Loan and the Maturity Date; provided , however , that if any Interest Period for a Eurodollar Rate Loan exceeds three months, the respective dates that fall every three months after the beginning of such Interest Period shall also be Interest Payment Dates; and (b) as to any Base Rate Loan, the last Business Day of each March, June, September and December and the Maturity Date.

Interest Period ” means as to each Eurodollar Rate Loan, the period commencing on the date such Eurodollar Rate Loan is disbursed or converted to or continued as a Eurodollar Rate Loan and ending on the date one, two, three or six months thereafter, as selected by the Borrower in its Loan Notice; provided that:

(i) any Interest Period that would otherwise end on a day that is not a Business Day shall be extended to the next succeeding Business Day unless, in the case of a Eurodollar Rate Loan, such Business Day falls in another calendar month, in which case such Interest Period shall end on the next preceding Business Day;

 

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(ii) any Interest Period pertaining to a Eurodollar Rate Loan that begins on the last Business Day of a calendar month (or on a day for which there is no numerically corresponding day in the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period) shall end on the last Business Day of the calendar month at the end of such Interest Period; and

(iii) no Interest Period shall extend beyond the Maturity Date.

Investment ” means, as to any Person, any direct or indirect acquisition or investment by such Person, whether by means of (a) the purchase or other acquisition of capital stock or other securities of another Person, (b) a loan, advance or capital contribution to, Guarantee or assumption of debt of, or purchase or other acquisition of any other debt or equity participation or interest in, another Person, including any partnership or joint venture interest in such other Person and any arrangement pursuant to which the investor Guarantees Indebtedness of such other Person, or (c) the purchase or other acquisition (in one transaction or a series of transactions) of assets of another Person that constitute a business unit. For purposes of covenant compliance, the amount of any Investment shall be the amount actually invested, without adjustment for subsequent increases or decreases in the value of such Investment.

Investment Property ” means real property consisting of a single family detached house, condominium, townhouse, cooperative, duplex, tri-plex or four-plex acquired by (or transferred by the Parent or a Subsidiary to) the Borrower or a Subsidiary Guarantor.

Investment Property Cost ” means, at any time with respect to any Investment Property, an amount equal to the sum of (x) the Purchase Price paid for such Investment Property and (y) the aggregate amount of Improvement Costs incurred by the Loan Parties with respect to such Investment Property on or prior to such time.

Investment Property Value ” means, with respect to any Investment Property, (a) at any time prior to the earlier of (i) the Initial Maturity Date and (ii) the Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Date, an amount equal to the Investment Property Cost at such time and (b) at any time thereafter, an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the Reported Value of such Investment Property at such time (as set forth in the then most recent Valuation Report relating to such Investment Property delivered to the Administrative Agent in connection with a Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Certificate or pursuant to Section 2.13(b)(vii) , 2.17(a) or 2.17(d) ) and (ii) the Investment Property Cost at such time.

IP Rights ” has the meaning specified in Section 5.18 .

IRS ” means the United States Internal Revenue Service.

ISP ” means, with respect to any Letter of Credit, the “International Standby Practices 1998” published by the Institute of International Banking Law & Practice, Inc. (or such later version thereof as may be in effect at the time of issuance).

Issuer Documents ” means with respect to any Letter of Credit, the Letter of Credit Application, and any other document, agreement and instrument entered into by the L/C Issuer and the Borrower (or any Subsidiary) or in favor of the L/C Issuer and relating to such Letter of Credit.

 

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Laws ” means, collectively, all international, foreign, Federal, state and local statutes, treaties, rules, guidelines, regulations, ordinances, codes and administrative or judicial precedents or authorities, including the interpretation or administration thereof by any Governmental Authority charged with the enforcement, interpretation or administration thereof, and all applicable administrative orders, directed duties, requests, licenses, authorizations and permits of, and agreements with, any Governmental Authority, in each case whether or not having the force of law.

L/C Advance ” means, with respect to each Lender, such Lender’s funding of its participation in any L/C Borrowing in accordance with its Applicable Percentage.

L/C Borrowing ” means an extension of credit resulting from a drawing under any Letter of Credit which has not been reimbursed on the date when made or refinanced as a Borrowing.

L/C Credit Extension ” means, with respect to any Letter of Credit, the issuance thereof or extension of the expiry date thereof, or the increase of the amount thereof.

L/C Issuer ” means Bank of America in its capacity as issuer of Letters of Credit hereunder, or any successor issuer of Letters of Credit hereunder.

L/C Obligations ” means, as at any date of determination, the aggregate amount available to be drawn under all outstanding Letters of Credit plus the aggregate of all Unreimbursed Amounts, including all L/C Borrowings. For purposes of computing the amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.06 . For all purposes of this Agreement, if on any date of determination a Letter of Credit has expired by its terms but any amount may still be drawn thereunder by reason of the operation of Rule 3.14 of the ISP, such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be “outstanding” in the amount so remaining available to be drawn.

Leased Investment Property ” means, at any time, an Investment Property that is subject to a lease agreement (other than an NNN Lease Agreement) with one or more tenants at such time under which such tenant(s) have (i) begun paying rent to a Loan Party and (ii) are not more than two months in arrears on their rent payments due thereunder.

Legacy Managed Investment Property ” means, at any time, an Investment Property that is subject to a Legacy Management Agreement at such time (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any ARP Managed Investment Property, any Approved Third Party Managed Property and any NNN Leased Investment Property).

Legacy Management Agreement ” means a management agreement with respect to an Investment Property which agreement (i) was in effect at the time such Investment Property was acquired by the Borrower or an affiliate thereof from a Person that is not an affiliate of the Parent and (ii) is not an Approved Third Party Management Agreement.

Lender ” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereto.

 

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Lending Office ” means, as to any Lender, the office or offices of such Lender described as such in such Lender’s Administrative Questionnaire, or such other office or offices as a Lender may from time to time notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent.

Letter of Credit ” means any standby letter of credit issued hereunder providing for the payment of cash upon the honoring of a presentation thereunder.

Letter of Credit Application ” means an application and agreement for the issuance or amendment of a Letter of Credit in the form from time to time in use by the L/C Issuer.

Letter of Credit Expiration Date ” means the day that is seven days prior to the Maturity Date then in effect (or, if such day is not a Business Day, the next preceding Business Day).

Letter of Credit Fee ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.03(h) .

Letter of Credit Sublimit ” means an amount equal to $10,000,000, as such amount may be increased in accordance with Section 2.14(f) . The Letter of Credit Sublimit is part of, and not in addition to, the Aggregate Commitments.

Letter of Credit Sublimit Increase Notice ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.14(f) .

Lien ” means any mortgage, deed of trust, pledge, hypothecation, assignment, deposit arrangement, encumbrance, lien (statutory or other), charge, or preference, priority or other security interest or preferential arrangement in the nature of a security interest of any kind or nature whatsoever (including any conditional sale or other title retention agreement, any easement, right of way or other encumbrance on title to real property, and any financing lease having substantially the same economic effect as any of the foregoing).

Line Usage ” means, with respect to any day, the ratio (expressed as a percentage) of (a) the sum of (i) the Outstanding Amount of Revolving Credit Loans on such day and (ii) the Outstanding Amount of L/C Obligations on such day to (b) the Aggregate Commitments in effect on such day.

Loan Documents ” means this Agreement, each Note, each Issuer Document, any agreement creating or perfecting rights in Cash Collateral pursuant to the provisions of Section 2.16 of this Agreement, the Fee Letter and the Collateral Documents.

Loan Notice ” means a notice of (a) a Borrowing, (b) a conversion of Revolving Credit Loans from one Type to the other, or (c) a continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans, in each case pursuant to Section 2.02(a) , and which, if in writing, shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit A .

Loan Parties ” means, collectively, the Borrower and the Guarantors.

London Banking Day ” means any day on which dealings in Dollar deposits are conducted by and between banks in the London interbank eurodollar market.

 

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Mack Portfolio ” means a portfolio of Investment Properties owned by one or more Borrowing Base Loan Parties having an aggregate initial Purchase Price of $27,570,000, which Investment Properties are leased to Mack Industries, Ltd. pursuant to an NNN Lease Agreement.

Material Adverse Effect ” means (a) a material adverse change in, or a material adverse effect upon, the operations, business, assets, properties, liabilities (actual or contingent), or condition (financial or otherwise) of the Parent and its Subsidiaries, or the Borrower and its Subsidiaries, taken as a whole; (b) a material adverse effect on the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent or any Lender under any Loan Document, or of the ability of the Loan Parties taken as a whole to perform their obligations under any Loan Document; or (c) a material adverse effect upon the legality, validity, binding effect or enforceability against any Loan Party of any Loan Document to which it is a party.

Material Contract ” means, with respect to any Person, each contract to which such Person is a party involving aggregate consideration payable to or by such Person of $5,000,000 or more in any year or otherwise material to the business, condition (financial or otherwise), operations, performance, properties or prospects of such Person.

Maturity Date ” means, the later of (a) the Initial Maturity Date and (b) if the Initial Maturity Date is extended pursuant to Section 2.13 , such extended maturity date as determined pursuant to such Section; provided , however , that, in each case, if such date is not a Business Day, the Maturity Date shall be the next preceding Business Day.

Maximum NNN Lease Termination Amount ” means, with respect to any NNN Leased Investment Property, an amount equal to fifteen percent (15%) of the remainder of (a) the gross sales price for such Investment Property received in cash by a Loan Party upon disposition thereof, less the aggregate of all transaction and closing costs incurred by any Loan Party in connection with the disposition of such Investment Property, minus (b) the greater of (x) the Purchase Price of such Investment Property and (y) the allocated purchase price (or similar term) with respect to such Investment Property under the applicable NNN Lease Agreement.

Minimum Collateral Amount ” means, at any time, (i) with respect to Cash Collateral consisting of cash or deposit account balances provided to reduce or eliminate Fronting Exposure during the existence of a Defaulting Lender, an amount equal to 105% of the Fronting Exposure of the L/C Issuer with respect to Letters of Credit issued and outstanding at such time, (ii) with respect to Cash Collateral consisting of cash or deposit account balances provided in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.15(a)(i), (a)(ii) or (a)(iii) , an amount equal to 105% of the Outstanding Amount of all LC Obligations, and (iii) otherwise, an amount determined by the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer in their sole discretion.

Moody’s ” means Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. and any successor thereto.

Multiemployer Plan ” means any employee benefit plan of the type described in Section 4001(a)(3) of ERISA, to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate makes or is obligated to make contributions, or during the preceding five plan years, has made or been obligated to make contributions.

 

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Multiple Employer Plan ” means a Plan which has two or more contributing sponsors (including the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate) at least two of whom are not under common control, as such a plan is described in Section 4064 of ERISA.

Net Cash Proceeds ” means, with respect to any issuance or sale by the Parent of any of its Equity Interests, the excess of (i) the sum of the cash and Cash Equivalents received by the Parent in connection with such issuance or sale, less (ii) underwriting discounts and commissions, and other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses, incurred by the Parent in connection with such issuance or sale, other than any such amounts paid or payable to an Affiliate of the Parent.

Net Income ” means, for any period, the net income (or loss) of the Consolidated Group for such period; provided , however , that Net Income shall exclude (a) extraordinary gains and extraordinary losses for such period, (b) the net income of any Subsidiary of the Parent during such period to the extent that the declaration or payment of dividends or similar distributions by such Subsidiary of such income is not permitted by operation of the terms of its Organization Documents or any agreement, instrument or Law applicable to such Subsidiary during such period, except that the Parent’s equity in any net loss of any such Subsidiary for such period shall be included in determining Net Income, and (c) any income (or loss) for such period of any Person if such Person is not a Subsidiary of the Parent, except that the Parent’s equity in the net income of any such Person for such period shall be included in Net Income up to the aggregate amount of cash actually distributed by such Person during such period to the Parent or a Subsidiary thereof as a dividend or other distribution (and in the case of a dividend or other distribution to a Subsidiary of the Parent, such Subsidiary is not precluded from further distributing such amount to the Parent as described in clause (b) of this proviso).

Net Operating Income ” means, with respect to any Investment Property for any period, an amount equal to (a) the aggregate gross revenues of the Consolidated Group derived from the operation of such Investment Property during such period from tenants in occupancy and paying rent, minus (b) the sum of all expenses and other proper charges incurred in connection with the operation and management of such Investment Property during such period (including accruals for real estate taxes and insurance, rollover costs and management expenses (including allocations of corporate overhead, if any) (which management expenses shall be an amount equal to the greater of (x) three percent (3%) of the rent payable in respect of such Investment Property during such period and (y) the aggregate amount of any actual management, advisory or similar fees paid during such period), but excluding debt service charges, income taxes, depreciation and amortization), which expenses and accruals shall be calculated in accordance with GAAP.

New Lender Joinder Agreement ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.14(c) .

NNN Lease Agreement ” means, at any time, a triple net, master lease agreement between one or more Loan Parties, as lessor(s), and a third party that is not an Affiliate of Parent, as lessee, with respect to one or more Investment Properties, which lease agreement provides inter alia, that the lessor(s) party thereto have the right at any time to sell or otherwise dispose of any or all Investment Properties subject to such lease agreement, and to terminate such lease agreement as it applies to each such Investment Property upon such sale or other disposal without payment to the lessee of any amounts as a result of such termination other than amounts with respect to any such Investment Property that in the aggregate do not exceed the Maximum NNN Lease Termination Amount applicable to such Investment Property.

 

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NNN Leased Investment Property ” means, at any time, an Investment Property that is subject to an NNN Lease Agreement at such time (excluding, for the avoidance of doubt, any ARP Managed Investment Property, any Approved Third Party Managed Property and any Legacy Managed Investment Property).

Non-Consenting Lender ” means any Lender that does not approve any consent, waiver or amendment that (i) requires the approval of all Lenders or all affected Lenders in accordance with the terms of Section 11.01 and (ii) has been approved by the Required Lenders.

Non-Defaulting Lender ” means, at any time, each Lender that is not a Defaulting Lender at such time.

Non-Recourse Indebtedness ” means, with respect to a Person, (a) Indebtedness in respect of which recourse for payment (except for customary exceptions for fraud, misapplication of funds, environmental indemnities, voluntary bankruptcy, collusive involuntary bankruptcy and other similar customary exceptions to nonrecourse liability) is contractually limited to specific assets of such Person encumbered by a Lien securing such Indebtedness, (b) if such Person is a Single Asset Entity, any Indebtedness of such Person (other than Indebtedness described in the immediately following clause (c)), or (c) if such Person is a Single Asset Holding Company, any Indebtedness (“Holdco Indebtedness”) of such Single Asset Holding Company resulting from a Guarantee of, or Lien securing, Indebtedness of a Single Asset Entity that is a Subsidiary of such Single Asset Holding Company, so long as, in each case, either (i) recourse for payment of such Holdco Indebtedness (except for customary exceptions for fraud, misapplication of funds, environmental indemnities, voluntary bankruptcy, collusive involuntary bankruptcy and other similar customary exceptions to nonrecourse liability) is contractually limited to the Equity Interests held by such Single Asset Holding Company in such Single Asset Entity or (ii) such Single Asset Holding Company has no assets other than Equity Interests in such Single Asset Entity and cash and other assets of nominal value incidental to the ownership of the such Single Asset Entity.

Note ” means a promissory note made by the Borrower in favor of a Lender evidencing the Revolving Credit Loans made by such Lender, substantially in the form of Exhibit B .

NPL ” means the National Priorities List under CERCLA.

Obligations ” means all advances to, and debts, liabilities, obligations, covenants and duties of, any Loan Party arising under any Loan Document or otherwise with respect to any Revolving Credit Loan or Letter of Credit, whether direct or indirect (including those acquired by assumption), absolute or contingent, due or to become due, now existing or hereafter arising and including interest and fees that accrue after the commencement by or against any Loan Party or any Affiliate thereof of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws naming such Person as the debtor in such proceeding, regardless of whether such interest and fees are allowed claims in such proceeding.

 

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OFAC ” means the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the United States Department of the Treasury.

Operating Partnership ” has the meaning specified in the introductory paragraph hereto.

Organization Documents ” means, (a) with respect to any corporation, the certificate or articles of incorporation and the bylaws (or equivalent or comparable constitutive documents with respect to any non-U.S. jurisdiction); (b) with respect to any limited liability company, the certificate or articles of formation or organization and operating agreement; and (c) with respect to any partnership, joint venture, trust or other form of business entity, the partnership, joint venture or other applicable agreement of formation or organization and any agreement, instrument, filing or notice with respect thereto filed in connection with its formation or organization with the applicable Governmental Authority in the jurisdiction of its formation or organization and, if applicable, any certificate or articles of formation or organization of such entity.

Other Connection Taxes ” means, with respect to any Recipient, Taxes imposed as a result of a present or former connection between such Recipient and the jurisdiction imposing such Tax (other than connections arising from such Recipient having executed, delivered, become a party to, performed its obligations under, received payments under, received or perfected a security interest under, engaged in any other transaction pursuant to or enforced any Loan Document, or sold or assigned an interest in any Loan or Loan Document).

Other Taxes ” means all present or future stamp, court or documentary, intangible, recording, filing or similar Taxes that arise from any payment made under, from the execution, delivery, performance, enforcement or registration of, from the receipt or perfection of a security interest under, or otherwise with respect to, any Loan Document, except any such Taxes that are Other Connection Taxes imposed with respect to an assignment (other than an assignment made pursuant to Section 3.06 ).

Outstanding Amount ” means (i) with respect to any Revolving Credit Loan on any date, the aggregate outstanding principal amount thereof after giving effect to any borrowings and prepayments or repayments of Revolving Credit Loans occurring on such date; and (ii) with respect to any L/C Obligations on any date, the amount of such L/C Obligations on such date after giving effect to any L/C Credit Extension occurring on such date and any other changes in the aggregate amount of the L/C Obligations as of such date, including as a result of any reimbursements by the Borrower of Unreimbursed Amounts.

Outstanding Recourse Indebtedness Amount ” means, at any time, the aggregate principal amount of all Recourse Indebtedness (other than Recourse Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.03(e) ) outstanding at such time, including the aggregate principal amount of all Indebtedness incurred by any Loan Party pursuant to Section 7.03(d) that is outstanding at such time.

Participant ” has the meaning specified in Section 11.06(d) .

Participant Register ” has the meaning specified in Section 11.06(d) .

 

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PBGC ” means the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation.

Pension Act ” means the Pension Protection Act of 2006.

Pension Funding Rules ” means the rules of the Code and ERISA regarding minimum required contributions (including any installment payment thereof) to Pension Plans and set forth in, with respect to plan years ending prior to the effective date of the Pension Act, Section 412 of the Code and Section 302 of ERISA, each as in effect prior to the Pension Act and, thereafter, Section 412, 430, 431, 432 and 436 of the Code and Sections 302, 303, 304 and 305 of ERISA.

Pension Plan ” means any employee pension benefit plan (including a Multiple Employer Plan or a Multiemployer Plan) that is maintained or is contributed to by the Borrower and any ERISA Affiliate and is either covered by Title IV of ERISA or is subject to the minimum funding standards under Section 412 of the Code.

Perfection Certificate ” shall mean a certificate in the form of Exhibit I-1 or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent, as the same shall be supplemented from time to time by a Perfection Certificate Supplement or otherwise.

Perfection Certificate Supplement ” shall mean a certificate supplement in the form of Exhibit I-2 or any other form approved by the Administrative Agent.

Permitted Maricopa Percentage ” means, (i) during the period commencing on the Closing Date and ending January 18, 2014, 60% and (ii) at any time thereafter, 45%.

Permitted Self Insurance ” has the meaning specified in Section 6.07(a) .

Person ” means any natural person, corporation, limited liability company, trust, joint venture, association, company, partnership, Governmental Authority or other entity.

Plan ” means any employee benefit plan within the meaning of Section 3(3) of ERISA (including a Pension Plan), maintained for employees of the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate or any such Plan to which the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate is required to contribute on behalf of any of its employees.

Platform ” has the meaning specified in Section 6.02 .

Pledge Agreement ” means the Pledge Agreement among the Loan Parties and the Administrative Agent, dated as of the Closing Date, substantially in the form of Exhibit E .

Pro Forma Closing Date Compliance Certificate ” has the meaning specified in Section 4.01(a)(xii) .

Public Lender ” has the meaning specified in Section 6.02 .

Purchase Agreement ” means, with respect to any Eligible Investment Property, the purchase and sale agreement or other similar purchase document pursuant to which such Eligible Investment Property was acquired by the Borrower or any Affiliate thereof from a third party that is not an Affiliate of the Parent.

 

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Purchase Price ” means, with respect to any Eligible Investment Property, the contractual purchase price that was paid by the Borrower or an Affiliate thereof for the acquisition of such Eligible Investment Property from a third party that is not an Affiliate of the Parent, which purchase amount shall be set forth in the Purchase Agreement relating to such Eligible Investment Property.

Recipient ” means the Administrative Agent, any Lender, the L/C Issuer or any other recipient of any payment to be made by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party hereunder.

Recourse Indebtedness ” means, with respect to any Person, Indebtedness of such Person other than Non-Recourse Indebtedness of such Person and Indebtedness under the Loan Documents.

Register ” has the meaning specified in Section 11.06(c) .

Related Parties ” means, with respect to any Person, such Person’s Affiliates and the partners, directors, officers, employees, agents, trustees, administrators, managers, advisors and representatives of such Person and of such Person’s Affiliates.

Reportable Event ” means any of the events set forth in Section 4043(c) of ERISA, other than events for which the 30 day notice period has been waived.

Reported Value ” means, with respect to any Eligible Investment Property, the estimated value of such Eligible Investment Property as set forth in a Valuation Report relating to such Eligible Investment Property delivered to the Administrative Agent hereunder.

Request for Credit Extension ” means (a) with respect to a Borrowing, conversion or continuation of Revolving Credit Loans, a Loan Notice and (b) with respect to an L/C Credit Extension, a Letter of Credit Application.

Required Lenders ” means, as of any date of determination, Lenders having at least 66-2/3% of the Aggregate Commitments or, if the commitment of each Lender to make Revolving Credit Loans has been terminated, Lenders holding in the aggregate at least 66-2/3% of the Total Outstandings; provided that the Commitment of, and the portion of the Total Outstandings held or deemed held by, any Defaulting Lender shall be excluded for purposes of making a determination of Required Lenders.

Responsible Officer ” means the chief executive officer, president, chief financial officer, treasurer, assistant treasurer or controller of a Loan Party and solely for purposes of the delivery of incumbency certificates pursuant to Section 4.01 , the secretary or any assistant secretary of a Loan Party. Any document delivered hereunder that is signed by a Responsible Officer of a Loan Party shall be conclusively presumed to have been authorized by all necessary corporate, partnership and/or other action on the part of such Loan Party and such Responsible Officer shall be conclusively presumed to have acted on behalf of such Loan Party.

 

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Restricted Payment ” means any dividend or other distribution (whether in cash, securities or other property) with respect to any capital stock or other Equity Interest of any Person or any Subsidiary thereof, or any payment (whether in cash, securities or other property), including any sinking fund or similar deposit, on account of the purchase, redemption, retirement, acquisition, cancellation or termination of any such capital stock or other Equity Interest, or on account of any return of capital to such Person’s stockholders, partners or members (or the equivalent Person thereof).

Revolving Credit Exposure ” means, as to any Lender at any time, the aggregate principal amount at such time of its outstanding Revolving Credit Loans and such Lender’s participation in L/C Obligations at such time.

Revolving Credit Loan ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.01 .

Sanction(s) ” means any international economic sanction administered or enforced by OFAC, the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, Her Majesty’s Treasury or other relevant sanctions authority.

S&P ” means Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC, a subsidiary of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. and any successor thereto.

SEC ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission, or any Governmental Authority succeeding to any of its principal functions.

Secured Indebtedness ” means, with respect to any Person, all Indebtedness of such Person that is secured by a Lien.

Secured Non-Recourse Indebtedness ” means, with respect to any Person, all Non-Recourse Indebtedness of such Person that is secured by a Lien.

Secured Parties ” means, collectively, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders, the L/C Issuer, each co-agent or sub-agent appointed by the Administrative Agent from time to time pursuant to Section 9.05 , and the other Persons the Obligations owing to which are or are purported to be secured by the Collateral under the terms of the Collateral Documents.

Self Insurance ” has the meaning specified in Section 6.07(a) .

Short-Term Leased Investment Property ” means, at any time, a Leased Investment Property that is subject to a Short Term Lease at such time.

Short-Term Lease ” means, at any time, a written lease agreement that (i) had an initial lease term of at least 12 months, which initial lease term expired on or prior to such time and (ii) has no minimum lease term at such time, but is instead month-to-month, as a result of the initial lease term having been extended on such basis.

Single Asset Entity ” means a Person (other than an individual) that (a) only owns a single Investment Property and/or cash and other assets of nominal value incidental to such Person’s ownership of such Investment Property; (b) is engaged only in the business of owning,

 

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developing and/or leasing such Investment Property; and (c) receives substantially all of its gross revenues from such Investment Property. In addition, if the assets of a Person consist solely of (i) Equity Interests in one or more other Single Asset Entities and (ii) cash and other assets of nominal value incidental to such Person’s ownership of the other Single Asset Entities, such Person shall also be deemed to be a Single Asset Entity for purposes of this Agreement (such an entity, a “Single Asset Holding Company”).

Single Asset Holding Company ” has the meaning given that term in the definition of Single Asset Entity.

Solvent ” and “ Solvency ” mean, with respect to any Person on any date of determination, that on such date (a) the fair value of the property of such Person is greater than the total amount of liabilities, including contingent liabilities, of such Person, (b) the present fair salable value of the assets of such Person is not less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability of such Person on its debts as they become absolute and matured, (c) such Person does not intend to, and does not believe that it will, incur debts or liabilities beyond such Person’s ability to pay such debts and liabilities as they mature, (d) such Person is not engaged in business or a transaction, and is not about to engage in business or a transaction, for which such Person’s property would constitute an unreasonably small capital, and (e) such Person is able to pay its debts and liabilities, contingent obligations and other commitments as they mature in the ordinary course of business. The amount of contingent liabilities at any time shall be computed as the amount that, in the light of all the facts and circumstances existing at such time, represents the amount that can reasonably be expected to become an actual or matured liability.

Solvency Certificate ” means a Solvency Certificate of the chief financial officer of the Parent, substantially in the form of Exhibit F .

Subsidiary ” of a Person means a corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company or other business entity of which a majority of the shares of securities or other interests having ordinary voting power for the election of directors or other governing body (other than securities or interests having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency) are at the time beneficially owned, or the management of which is otherwise controlled, directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, or both, by such Person. Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to a “Subsidiary” or to “Subsidiaries” shall refer to a Subsidiary or Subsidiaries of the Parent.

Subsidiary Guarantors ” means, collectively, all of the Guarantors other than the Parent.

Swap Contract ” means (a) any and all rate swap transactions, basis swaps, credit derivative transactions, forward rate transactions, commodity swaps, commodity options, forward commodity contracts, equity or equity index swaps or options, bond or bond price or bond index swaps or options or forward bond or forward bond price or forward bond index transactions, interest rate options, forward foreign exchange transactions, cap transactions, floor transactions, collar transactions, currency swap transactions, cross-currency rate swap transactions, currency options, spot contracts, or any other similar transactions or any combination of any of the foregoing (including any options to enter into any of the foregoing), whether or not any such transaction is governed by or subject to any master agreement, and (b)

 

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any and all transactions of any kind, and the related confirmations, which are subject to the terms and conditions of, or governed by, any form of master agreement published by the International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc., any International Foreign Exchange Master Agreement, or any other master agreement (any such master agreement, together with any related schedules, a “ Master Agreement ”), including any such obligations or liabilities under any Master Agreement.

Swap Termination Value ” means, in respect of any one or more Swap Contracts, after taking into account the effect of any legally enforceable netting agreement relating to such Swap Contracts, (a) for any date on or after the date such Swap Contracts have been closed out and termination value(s) determined in accordance therewith, such termination value(s), and (b) for any date prior to the date referenced in clause (a) , the amount(s) determined as the mark-to-market value(s) for such Swap Contracts, as determined based upon one or more mid-market or other readily available quotations provided by any recognized dealer in such Swap Contracts (which may include a Lender or any Affiliate of a Lender).

Synthetic Debt ” means, with respect to any Person as of any date of determination thereof, all obligations of such Person in respect of transactions entered into by such Person that are intended to function primarily as a borrowing of funds (including any minority interest transactions that function primarily as a borrowing) but are not otherwise included in the definition of “Indebtedness” or as a liability on the consolidated balance sheet of such Person and its Subsidiaries in accordance with GAAP.

Synthetic Lease Obligation ” means the monetary obligation of a Person under (a) a so-called synthetic, off-balance sheet or tax retention lease, or (b) an agreement for the use or possession of property creating obligations that do not appear on the balance sheet of such Person but which, upon the insolvency or bankruptcy of such Person, would be characterized as the indebtedness of such Person (without regard to accounting treatment).

Tangible Net Worth ” means, for the Consolidated Group as of any date of determination, (a) total equity of the Consolidated Group, minus (b) all intangible assets (other than Acquired Lease Intangibles) of the Consolidated Group, plus (c) all accumulated depreciation and amortization of Acquired Lease Intangibles of the Consolidated Group, in each case on a consolidated basis determined in accordance with GAAP.

Taxes ” means all present or future taxes, levies, imposts, duties, deductions, withholdings (including backup withholding), assessments, fees or other charges imposed by any Governmental Authority, including any interest, additions to tax or penalties applicable thereto.

Third Party Insurance Companies ” has the meaning specified in Section 6.07(a) .

Threshold Amount ” means $10,000,000.

Total Asset Value ” means, with respect to the Consolidated Group as at any date of determination, (i) the book value of the total assets of the Consolidated Group on such date, plus (ii) all accumulated depreciation and amortization of Acquired Lease Intangibles of the Consolidated Group as of such date, in each case as determined in accordance with GAAP.

 

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Total Credit Exposure ” means, as to any Lender at any time, the unused Commitments and Revolving Credit Exposure of such Lender at such time.

Total Indebtedness ” means, as at any date of determination, the aggregate amount of all Indebtedness of the Consolidated Group on such date determined on a consolidated basis.

Total Outstandings ” means the aggregate Outstanding Amount of all Revolving Credit Loans and all L/C Obligations.

Toxic Mold ” means fungi that reproduce through the release of spores or the splitting of cells or other means that may pose a risk to human health or the environment or negatively affect the value of real property, including, but not limited to, mold, mildew, fungi, fungal spores, fragments and metabolites such as mycotoxins and microbial volatile organic compounds.

Transitional Investment Property ” means, at any time, an Investment Property (other than an Investment Property that is, or that at any time on or following the acquisition thereof by a Loan Party was, a Leased Investment Property or an NNN Leased Investment Property) in respect of which the Borrower or applicable Subsidiary Guarantor that owns such Investment Property is engaging in any of the following activities at such time in order to prepare such Investment Property to be leased: (i) undergoing proceedings to have each Person evicted that was occupying such Investment Property at the time such Investment Property was acquired by the Borrower or such Subsidiary Guarantor, (ii) having repairs and/or other improvements made to such Investment Property in order to improve the condition of such Investment Property from that which existed at the time such Investment was acquired by the Borrower or such Subsidiary Guarantor and/or (iii) advertising such Investment Property for lease or engaging in other customary activities to identify one or more tenants to lease such Investment Property. For the avoidance of doubt, an Investment Property shall cease to be a Transitional Investment Property on the first date to occur following the acquisition of such Investment Property by a Loan Party that such Investment Property becomes subject to a lease agreement with one or more lessees under which such lessees have begun paying rent to a Loan Party.

Type ” means, with respect to a Revolving Credit Loan, its character as a Base Rate Loan or a Eurodollar Rate Loan.

UCP ” means, with respect to any Letter of Credit, the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, International Chamber of Commerce (“ ICC ”) Publication No. 600 (or such later version thereof as may be in effect at the time of issuance).

Unconsolidated Affiliate ” means, at any date, any Person (x) in which the Consolidated Group, directly or indirectly, holds an Equity Interest, which investment is accounted for in the consolidated financial statements of the Consolidated Group on an equity basis of accounting and (y) whose financial results are not consolidated with the financial results of the Consolidated Group under GAAP.

Unleased Investment Property ” means, at any time, an Investment Property that was a Leased Investment Property prior to such time but is not a Leased Investment Property at such time by virtue of such Investment Property (i) not being subject to a lease agreement with one or more tenants under which rent is payable to a Loan Party and/or (ii) being subject to a lease agreement with one or more tenants under which such tenant(s) are more than two months in arrears on their rent payments due thereunder.

 

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United States ” and “ U.S. ” mean the United States of America.

Unreimbursed Amount ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.03(c)(i) .

Unrestricted Cash ” means, at any time, (a) the aggregate amount of cash and Cash Equivalents of the Parent and its Subsidiaries at such time that are not subject to any pledge, Lien or control agreement (excluding statutory Liens in favor of any depositary bank where such cash and Cash Equivalents are maintained), minus (b) the sum of amounts included in the foregoing clause (a) that are held by a Person other than the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries as a deposit or security for Contractual Obligations.

Unused Fee ” has the meaning specified in Section 2.08(a) .

U.S. Person ” means any Person that is a “United States Person” as defined in Section 7701(a)(30) of the Code.

U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate ” has the meaning specified in Section 3.01(e)(ii)(B)(III) .

Valuation Report ” means a written AVM valuation report, in form satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, and from a provider that is acceptable to the Administrative Agent, setting forth the estimated value of one or more Investment Properties.

Wholly Owned Domestic Subsidiary ” means any Domestic Subsidiary of the Borrower that is a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of the Borrower.

Wholly Owned Subsidiary ” means, as to any Person, (a) any corporation 100% of whose Equity Interests (other than directors’ qualifying shares) is at the time owned by such Person and/or one or more Wholly Owned Subsidiaries of such Person and (b) any partnership, association, joint venture, limited liability company or other entity in which such Person and/or one or more Wholly Owned Subsidiaries of such Person have a 100% equity interest at such time.

1.02 Other Interpretive Provisions . With reference to this Agreement and each other Loan Document, unless otherwise specified herein or in such other Loan Document:

(a) The definitions of terms herein shall apply equally to the singular and plural forms of the terms defined. Whenever the context may require, any pronoun shall include the corresponding masculine, feminine and neuter forms. The words “ include ,” “ includes ” and “ including ” shall be deemed to be followed by the phrase “without limitation.” The word “ will ” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect as the word “ shall .” Unless the context requires otherwise, (i) any definition of or reference to any agreement, instrument or other document (including any Organization Document) shall be construed as referring to such agreement, instrument or other document as from time to time amended, supplemented or otherwise modified (subject to any restrictions on such amendments, supplements or

 

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modifications set forth herein or in any other Loan Document), (ii) any reference herein to any Person shall be construed to include such Person’s successors and assigns, (iii) the words “ hereto ,” “ herein ,” “ hereof ” and “ hereunder ,” and words of similar import when used in any Loan Document, shall be construed to refer to such Loan Document in its entirety and not to any particular provision thereof, (iv) all references in a Loan Document to Articles, Sections, Exhibits and Schedules shall be construed to refer to Articles and Sections of, and Exhibits and Schedules to, the Loan Document in which such references appear, (v) any reference to any law shall include all statutory and regulatory provisions consolidating, amending, replacing or interpreting such law and any reference to any law or regulation shall, unless otherwise specified, refer to such law or regulation as amended, modified or supplemented from time to time, and (vi) the words “ asset ” and “ property ” shall be construed to have the same meaning and effect and to refer to any and all tangible and intangible assets and properties, including cash, securities, accounts and contract rights.

(b) In the computation of periods of time from a specified date to a later specified date, the word “ from ” means “ from and including ;” the words “ to ” and “ until ” each mean “ to but excluding ;” and the word “ through ” means “ to and including .”

(c) Section headings herein and in the other Loan Documents are included for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of this Agreement or any other Loan Document.

1.03 Accounting Terms .

(a) Generally . All accounting terms not specifically or completely defined herein shall be construed in conformity with, and all financial data (including financial ratios and other financial calculations) required to be submitted pursuant to this Agreement shall be prepared in conformity with, GAAP applied on a consistent basis, as in effect from time to time, applied in a manner consistent with that used in preparing the Historical Financial Statements, except as otherwise specifically prescribed herein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, for purposes of determining compliance with any covenant (including the computation of any financial covenant) contained herein, Indebtedness of the Parent and its Subsidiaries shall be deemed to be carried at 100% of the outstanding principal amount thereof, and the effects of FASB ASC 825 and FASB ASC 470-20 on financial liabilities shall be disregarded.

(b) Changes in GAAP . If at any time any change in GAAP would affect the computation of any financial ratio or requirement set forth in any Loan Document, and either the Borrower or the Required Lenders shall so request, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the Borrower shall negotiate in good faith to amend such ratio or requirement to preserve the original intent thereof in light of such change in GAAP (subject to the approval of the Required Lenders); provided that, until so amended, (A) such ratio or requirement shall continue to be computed in accordance with GAAP prior to such change therein and (B) the Borrower shall provide to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders financial statements and other documents required under this Agreement or as reasonably requested hereunder setting forth a reconciliation between calculations of such ratio or requirement made before and after giving effect to such change in GAAP. Without limiting the foregoing, leases shall continue to be classified and accounted for on a basis consistent with that reflected in the Historical Financial Statements for

 

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all purposes of this Agreement, notwithstanding any change in GAAP relating thereto, unless the parties hereto shall enter into a mutually acceptable amendment addressing such changes, as provided for above.

(c) Consolidation of Variable Interest Entities . All references herein to consolidated financial statements of the Consolidated Group or to the determination of any amount for the Consolidated Group on a consolidated basis or any similar reference shall, in each case, be deemed to include each variable interest entity that the Parent is required to consolidate pursuant to FASB ASC 810 as if such variable interest entity were a Subsidiary as defined herein.

1.04 Rounding . Any financial ratios required to be maintained by one or more Loan Parties pursuant to this Agreement shall be calculated by dividing the appropriate component by the other component, carrying the result to one place more than the number of places by which such ratio is expressed herein and rounding the result up or down to the nearest number (with a rounding-up if there is no nearest number).

1.05 Times of Day .

Unless otherwise specified, all references herein to times of day shall be references to Eastern time (daylight or standard, as applicable).

1.06 Letter of Credit Amounts . Unless otherwise specified herein, the amount of a Letter of Credit at any time shall be deemed to be the stated amount of such Letter of Credit in effect at such time; provided, however, that with respect to any Letter of Credit that, by its terms or the terms of any Issuer Document related thereto, provides for one or more automatic increases in the stated amount thereof, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be the maximum stated amount of such Letter of Credit after giving effect to all such increases, whether or not such maximum stated amount is in effect at such time.

ARTICLE II. THE COMMITMENTS AND CREDIT EXTENSIONS

2.01 Revolving Credit Loans . Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, each Lender severally agrees to make loans (each such loan, a “ Revolving Credit Loan ”) to the Borrower from time to time, on any Business Day during the Availability Period, in an aggregate amount not to exceed at any time outstanding the amount of such Lender’s Commitment; provided , however , that after giving effect to any Borrowing, (i) Availability shall be greater than or equal to $0, and (ii) the Revolving Credit Exposure of any Lender shall not exceed such Lender’s Commitment. Within the limits of each Lender’s Commitment, and subject to the other terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower may borrow under this Section 2.01 , prepay under Section 2.04 , and reborrow under this Section 2.01 . Revolving Credit Loans may be Base Rate Loans or Eurodollar Rate Loans, as further provided herein.

2.02 Borrowings, Conversions and Continuations of Committed Loans .

(a) Each Borrowing, each conversion of Revolving Credit Loans from one Type to the other, and each continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans shall be made upon the Borrower’s irrevocable notice to the Administrative Agent, which may be given by telephone. Each such notice must be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 12:00 noon (i) three Business

 

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Days prior to the requested date of any Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans or of any conversion of Eurodollar Rate Loans to Base Rate Loans, and (ii) on the requested date of any Borrowing of Base Rate Loans. Each telephonic notice by the Borrower pursuant to this Section 2.02(a) must be confirmed promptly by delivery to the Administrative Agent of a written Loan Notice, appropriately completed and signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower. Each Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans shall be in a principal amount of $1,000,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof. Except as provided in Section 2.03(c) , each Borrowing of or conversion to Base Rate Loans shall be in a principal amount of $500,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof. Each Loan Notice (whether telephonic or written) shall specify (i) whether the Borrower is requesting a Borrowing, a conversion of Revolving Credit Loans from one Type to the other, or a continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans, (ii) the requested date of the Borrowing, conversion or continuation, as the case may be (which shall be a Business Day), (iii) the principal amount of Revolving Credit Loans to be borrowed, converted or continued, (iv) the Type of Revolving Credit Loans to be borrowed or to which existing Revolving Credit Loans are to be converted, and (v) if applicable, the duration of the Interest Period with respect thereto. If the Borrower fails to specify a Type of Revolving Credit Loan in a Loan Notice or if the Borrower fails to give a timely notice requesting a conversion or continuation, then the applicable Revolving Credit Loans shall be made as, or converted to, Base Rate Loans. Any such automatic conversion to Base Rate Loans shall be effective as of the last day of the Interest Period then in effect with respect to the applicable Eurodollar Rate Loans. If the Borrower requests a Borrowing of, conversion to, or continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans in any such Loan Notice, but fails to specify an Interest Period, it will be deemed to have specified an Interest Period of one month.

(b) Following receipt of a Loan Notice, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Lender of the amount of its Applicable Percentage of the applicable Revolving Credit Loans, and if no timely notice of a conversion or continuation is provided by the Borrower, the Administrative Agent shall notify each Lender of the details of any automatic conversion to Base Rate Loans described in the preceding subsection. In the case of a Borrowing, each Lender shall make the amount of its Revolving Credit Loan available to the Administrative Agent in immediately available funds at the Administrative Agent’s Office not later than 2:00 p.m. on the Business Day specified in the applicable Loan Notice. Upon satisfaction of the applicable conditions set forth in Section 4.02 (and, if such Borrowing is the initial Credit Extension, Section 4.01 ), the Administrative Agent shall make all funds so received available to the Borrower in like funds as received by the Administrative Agent either by (i) crediting the account of the Borrower on the books of Bank of America with the amount of such funds or (ii) wire transfer of such funds, in each case in accordance with instructions provided to (and reasonably acceptable to) the Administrative Agent by the Borrower; provided , however , that if, on the date the Loan Notice with respect to such Borrowing is given by the Borrower, there are L/C Borrowings outstanding, then the proceeds of such Borrowing, first , shall be applied to the payment in full of any such L/C Borrowings, and second , shall be made available to the Borrower as provided above.

(c) Except as otherwise provided herein, a Eurodollar Rate Loan may be continued or converted only on the last day of an Interest Period for such Eurodollar Rate Loan. During the existence of a Default, no Revolving Credit Loans may be requested as, converted to or continued as Eurodollar Rate Loans without the consent of the Required Lenders.

 

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(d) The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the Borrower and the Lenders of the interest rate applicable to any Interest Period for Eurodollar Rate Loans upon determination of such interest rate. At any time that Base Rate Loans are outstanding, the Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrower and the Lenders of any change in Bank of America’s prime rate used in determining the Base Rate promptly following the public announcement of such change.

(e) After giving effect to all Borrowings, all conversions of Revolving Credit Loans from one Type to the other, and all continuations of Revolving Credit Loans as the same Type, there shall not be more than seven (7) Interest Periods in effect with respect to Revolving Credit Loans.

2.03 Letters of Credit .

(a) The Letter of Credit Commitment .

(i) Subject to the terms and conditions set forth herein, (A) the L/C Issuer agrees, in reliance upon the agreements of the Lenders set forth in this Section 2.03 , (1) from time to time on any Business Day during the period from the Closing Date until the Letter of Credit Expiration Date, to issue Letters of Credit for the account of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries, and to amend or extend Letters of Credit previously issued by it, in accordance with subsection (b)  below, and (2) to honor drawings under the Letters of Credit; and (B) the Lenders severally agree to participate in Letters of Credit issued for the account of the Borrower or its Subsidiaries and any drawings thereunder; provided that after giving effect to any L/C Credit Extension with respect to any Letter of Credit, (x) Availability shall be greater than or equal to $0, (y) the Revolving Credit Exposure of any Lender shall not exceed such Lender’s Commitment, and (z) the Outstanding Amount of the L/C Obligations shall not exceed the Letter of Credit Sublimit. Each request by the Borrower for the issuance or amendment of a Letter of Credit shall be deemed to be a representation by the Borrower that the L/C Credit Extension so requested complies with the conditions set forth in the proviso to the preceding sentence. Within the foregoing limits, and subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the Borrower’s ability to obtain Letters of Credit shall be fully revolving, and accordingly the Borrower may, during the foregoing period, obtain Letters of Credit to replace Letters of Credit that have expired or that have been drawn upon and reimbursed.

(ii) The L/C Issuer shall not issue any Letter of Credit, if:

(A) subject to Section 2.03(b)(iii), the expiry date of the requested Letter of Credit would occur more than twelve months after the date of issuance or last extension, unless the Required Lenders have approved such expiry date; or

(B) the expiry date of the requested Letter of Credit would occur after the Letter of Credit Expiration Date, unless all the Lenders have approved such expiry date.

 

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(iii) The L/C Issuer shall not be under any obligation to issue any Letter of Credit if:

(A) any order, judgment or decree of any Governmental Authority or arbitrator shall by its terms purport to enjoin or restrain the L/C Issuer from issuing the Letter of Credit, or any Law applicable to the L/C Issuer or any request or directive (whether or not having the force of law) from any Governmental Authority with jurisdiction over the L/C Issuer shall prohibit, or request that the L/C Issuer refrain from, the issuance of letters of credit generally or the Letter of Credit in particular or shall impose upon the L/C Issuer with respect to the Letter of Credit any restriction, reserve or capital requirement (for which the L/C Issuer is not otherwise compensated hereunder) not in effect on the Closing Date, or shall impose upon the L/C Issuer any unreimbursed loss, cost or expense which was not applicable on the Closing Date and which the L/C Issuer in good faith deems material to it;

(B) the issuance of the Letter of Credit would violate one or more policies of the L/C Issuer applicable to letters of credit generally;

(C) except as otherwise agreed by the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer, the Letter of Credit is in an initial stated amount less than $500,000;

(D) the Letter of Credit is to be denominated in a currency other than Dollars;

(E) any Lender is at that time a Defaulting Lender, unless the L/C Issuer has entered into arrangements, including the delivery of Cash Collateral, satisfactory to the L/C Issuer (in its sole discretion) with the Borrower or such Lender to eliminate the L/C Issuer’s actual or potential Fronting Exposure (after giving effect to Section 2.16(a)(iv )) with respect to the Defaulting Lender arising from either the Letter of Credit then proposed to be issued or that Letter of Credit and all other L/C Obligations as to which the L/C Issuer has actual or potential Fronting Exposure, as it may elect in its sole discretion; or

(F) the Letter of Credit contains any provisions for automatic reinstatement of the stated amount of any drawing thereunder.

(iv) The L/C Issuer shall not amend any Letter of Credit if the L/C Issuer would not be permitted at such time to issue the Letter of Credit in its amended form under the terms hereof.

(v) The L/C Issuer shall be under no obligation to amend any Letter of Credit if (A) the L/C Issuer would have no obligation at such time to issue the Letter of Credit in its amended form under the terms hereof, or (B) the beneficiary of the Letter of Credit does not accept the proposed amendment to the Letter of Credit.

(vi) The L/C Issuer shall act on behalf of the Lenders with respect to any Letters of Credit issued by it and the documents associated therewith, and the L/C Issuer

 

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shall have all of the benefits and immunities (A) provided to the Administrative Agent in Article IX with respect to any acts taken or omissions suffered by the L/C Issuer in connection with Letters of Credit issued by it or proposed to be issued by it and Issuer Documents pertaining to such Letters of Credit as fully as if the term “Administrative Agent” as used in Article IX included the L/C Issuer with respect to such acts or omissions, and (B) as additionally provided herein with respect to the L/C Issuer.

(b) Procedures for Issuance and Amendment of Letters of Credit; Auto-Extension Letters of Credit .

(i) Each Letter of Credit shall be issued or amended, as the case may be, upon the request of the Borrower delivered to the L/C Issuer (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) in the form of a Letter of Credit Application, appropriately completed and signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower. Such Letter of Credit Application may be sent by facsimile, by United States mail, by overnight courier, by electronic transmission using the system provided by the L/C Issuer, by personal delivery or by any other means acceptable to the L/C Issuer. Such Letter of Credit Application must be received by the L/C Issuer and the Administrative Agent not later than 12:00 noon at least two Business Days (or such later date and time as the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer may agree in a particular instance in their sole discretion) prior to the proposed issuance date or date of amendment, as the case may be. In the case of a request for an initial issuance of a Letter of Credit, such Letter of Credit Application shall specify in form and detail satisfactory to the L/C Issuer: (A) the proposed issuance date of the requested Letter of Credit (which shall be a Business Day); (B) the amount thereof; (C) the expiry date thereof; (D) the name and address of the beneficiary thereof; (E) the documents to be presented by such beneficiary in case of any drawing thereunder; (F) the full text of any certificate to be presented by such beneficiary in case of any drawing thereunder; (G) the purpose and nature of the requested Letter of Credit; and (H) such other matters as the L/C Issuer may reasonably require. In the case of a request for an amendment of any outstanding Letter of Credit, such Letter of Credit Application shall specify in form and detail satisfactory to the L/C Issuer (A) the Letter of Credit to be amended; (B) the proposed date of amendment thereof (which shall be a Business Day); (C) the nature of the proposed amendment; and (D) such other matters as the L/C Issuer may reasonably require. Additionally, the Borrower shall furnish to the L/C Issuer and the Administrative Agent such other documents and information pertaining to such requested Letter of Credit issuance or amendment, including any Issuer Documents, as the L/C Issuer or the Administrative Agent may reasonably require.

(ii) Promptly after receipt of any Letter of Credit Application, the L/C Issuer will confirm with the Administrative Agent (by telephone or in writing) that the Administrative Agent has received a copy of such Letter of Credit Application from the Borrower and, if not, the L/C Issuer will provide the Administrative Agent with a copy thereof. Unless the L/C Issuer has received written notice from any Lender, the Administrative Agent or any Loan Party, at least one Business Day prior to the requested date of issuance or amendment of the applicable Letter of Credit, that one or more applicable conditions contained in Article IV shall not then be satisfied, then, subject to the terms and conditions hereof, the L/C Issuer shall, on the requested date, issue a Letter

 

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of Credit for the account of the Borrower (or the applicable Subsidiary) or enter into the applicable amendment, as the case may be, in each case in accordance with the L/C Issuer’s usual and customary business practices. Immediately upon the issuance of each Letter of Credit, each Lender shall be deemed to, and hereby irrevocably and unconditionally agrees to, purchase from the L/C Issuer a risk participation in such Letter of Credit in an amount equal to the product of such Lender’s Applicable Percentage times the amount of such Letter of Credit.

(iii) If the Borrower so requests in any applicable Letter of Credit Application, the L/C Issuer may, in its sole discretion, agree to issue a Letter of Credit that has automatic extension provisions (each, an “ Auto-Extension Letter of Credit ”); provided that any such Auto-Extension Letter of Credit must permit the L/C Issuer to prevent any such extension at least once in each twelve-month period (commencing with the date of issuance of such Letter of Credit) by giving prior notice to the beneficiary thereof not later than a day (the “ Non-Extension Notice Date ”) in each such twelve-month period to be agreed upon at the time such Letter of Credit is issued. Unless otherwise directed by the L/C Issuer, the Borrower shall not be required to make a specific request to the L/C Issuer for any such extension. Once an Auto-Extension Letter of Credit has been issued, the Lenders shall be deemed to have authorized (but may not require) the L/C Issuer to permit the extension of such Letter of Credit at any time to an expiry date not later than the Letter of Credit Expiration Date; provided , however , that the L/C Issuer shall not permit any such extension if (A) the L/C Issuer has determined that it would not be permitted, or would have no obligation, at such time to issue such Letter of Credit in its revised form (as extended) under the terms hereof (by reason of the provisions of clause (ii)  or (iii)  of Section 2.03(a) or otherwise), or (B) it has received notice (which may be by telephone or in writing) on or before the day that is seven Business Days before the Non-Extension Notice Date (1) from the Administrative Agent that the Required Lenders have elected not to permit such extension or (2) from the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the Borrower that one or more of the applicable conditions specified in Section 4.02 is not then satisfied, and in each such case directing the L/C Issuer not to permit such extension.

(iv) Promptly after its delivery of any Letter of Credit or any amendment to a Letter of Credit to an advising bank with respect thereto or to the beneficiary thereof, the L/C Issuer will also deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent a true and complete copy of such Letter of Credit or amendment.

(c) Drawings and Reimbursements; Funding of Participations .

(i) Upon receipt from the beneficiary of any Letter of Credit of any notice of a drawing under such Letter of Credit, the L/C Issuer shall notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent thereof. Not later than 12:00 noon on the date of any payment by the L/C Issuer under a Letter of Credit (each such date, an “ Honor Date ”), the Borrower shall reimburse the L/C Issuer through the Administrative Agent in an amount equal to the amount of such drawing. If the Borrower fails to so reimburse the L/C Issuer by such time, the Administrative Agent shall promptly notify each Lender of the Honor Date, the amount of the unreimbursed drawing (the “ Unreimbursed Amount ”), and the amount of

 

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such Lender’s Applicable Percentage thereof. In such event, the Borrower shall be deemed to have requested a Borrowing of Base Rate Loans to be disbursed on the Honor Date in an amount equal to the Unreimbursed Amount, without regard to the minimum and multiples specified in Section 2.02 for the principal amount of Base Rate Loans, but subject to the amount of the unutilized portion of the Aggregate Commitments and the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 (other than the delivery of a Loan Notice). Any notice given by the L/C Issuer or the Administrative Agent pursuant to this Section 2.03(c)(i) may be given by telephone if immediately confirmed in writing; provided that the lack of such an immediate confirmation shall not affect the conclusiveness or binding effect of such notice.

(ii) Each Lender shall upon any notice pursuant to Section 2.03(c)(i) make funds available (and the Administrative Agent may apply Cash Collateral provided for this purpose) for the account of the L/C Issuer at the Administrative Agent’s Office in an amount equal to its Applicable Percentage of the Unreimbursed Amount not later than 12:00 noon on the Business Day specified in such notice by the Administrative Agent, whereupon, subject to the provisions of Section 2.03(c)(iii) , each Lender that so makes funds available shall be deemed to have made a Base Rate Loan to the Borrower in such amount. The Administrative Agent shall remit the funds so received to the L/C Issuer.

(iii) With respect to any Unreimbursed Amount that is not fully refinanced by a Borrowing of Base Rate Loans because the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 cannot be satisfied or for any other reason, the Borrower shall be deemed to have incurred from the L/C Issuer an L/C Borrowing in the amount of the Unreimbursed Amount that is not so refinanced, which L/C Borrowing shall be due and payable on demand (together with interest) and shall bear interest at the Default Rate. In such event, each Lender’s payment to the Administrative Agent for the account of the L/C Issuer pursuant to Section 2.03(c)(ii) shall be deemed payment in respect of its participation in such L/C Borrowing and shall constitute an L/C Advance from such Lender in satisfaction of its participation obligation under this Section 2.03 .

(iv) Until each Lender funds its Revolving Credit Loan or L/C Advance pursuant to this Section 2.03(c) to reimburse the L/C Issuer for any amount drawn under any Letter of Credit, interest in respect of such Lender’s Applicable Percentage of such amount shall be solely for the account of the L/C Issuer.

(v) Each Lender’s obligation to make Revolving Credit Loans or L/C Advances to reimburse the L/C Issuer for amounts drawn under Letters of Credit, as contemplated by this Section 2.03(c) , shall be absolute and unconditional and shall not be affected by any circumstance, including (A) any setoff, counterclaim, recoupment, defense or other right which such Lender may have against the L/C Issuer, the Borrower or any other Person for any reason whatsoever; (B) the occurrence or continuance of a Default, or (C) any other occurrence, event or condition, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing; provided , however , that each Lender’s obligation to make Revolving Credit Loans pursuant to this Section 2.03(c) is subject to the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 (other than delivery by the Borrower of a Loan Notice). No such making of an L/C Advance shall relieve or otherwise impair the obligation of the Borrower to reimburse the L/C Issuer for the amount of any payment made by the L/C Issuer under any Letter of Credit, together with interest as provided herein.

 

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(vi) If any Lender fails to make available to the Administrative Agent for the account of the L/C Issuer any amount required to be paid by such Lender pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.03(c) by the time specified in Section 2.03(c)(ii) , then, without limiting the other provisions of this Agreement, the L/C Issuer shall be entitled to recover from such Lender (acting through the Administrative Agent), on demand, such amount with interest thereon for the period from the date such payment is required to the date on which such payment is immediately available to the L/C Issuer at a rate per annum equal to the greater of the Federal Funds Rate and a rate determined by the L/C Issuer in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation, plus any administrative, processing or similar fees customarily charged by the L/C Issuer in connection with the foregoing. If such Lender pays such amount (with interest and fees as aforesaid), the amount so paid shall constitute such Lender’s Revolving Credit Loan included in the relevant Borrowing or L/C Advance in respect of the relevant L/C Borrowing, as the case may be. A certificate of the L/C Issuer submitted to any Lender (through the Administrative Agent) with respect to any amounts owing under this clause (vi)  shall be conclusive absent manifest error.

(d) Repayment of Participations .

(i) At any time after the L/C Issuer has made a payment under any Letter of Credit and has received from any Lender such Lender’s L/C Advance in respect of such payment in accordance with Section 2.03(c) , if the Administrative Agent receives for the account of the L/C Issuer any payment in respect of the related Unreimbursed Amount or interest thereon (whether directly from the Borrower or otherwise, including proceeds of Cash Collateral applied thereto by the Administrative Agent), the Administrative Agent will distribute to such Lender its Applicable Percentage thereof in the same funds as those received by the Administrative Agent.

(ii) If any payment received by the Administrative Agent for the account of the L/C Issuer pursuant to Section 2.03(c)(i) is required to be returned under any of the circumstances described in Section 11.05 (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the L/C Issuer in its discretion), each Lender shall pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of the L/C Issuer its Applicable Percentage thereof on demand of the Administrative Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such amount is returned by such Lender, at a rate per annum equal to the Federal Funds Rate from time to time in effect. The obligations of the Lenders under this clause shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of this Agreement.

(e) Obligations Absolute . The obligation of the Borrower to reimburse the L/C Issuer for each drawing under each Letter of Credit and to repay each L/C Borrowing shall be absolute, unconditional and irrevocable, and shall be paid strictly in accordance with the terms of this Agreement under all circumstances, including the following:

(i) any lack of validity or enforceability of such Letter of Credit, this Agreement, or any other Loan Document;

 

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(ii) the existence of any claim, counterclaim, setoff, defense or other right that the Borrower or any Subsidiary may have at any time against any beneficiary or any transferee of such Letter of Credit (or any Person for whom any such beneficiary or any such transferee may be acting), the L/C Issuer or any other Person, whether in connection with this Agreement, the transactions contemplated hereby or by such Letter of Credit or any agreement or instrument relating thereto, or any unrelated transaction;

(iii) any draft, demand, certificate or other document presented under such Letter of Credit proving to be forged, fraudulent, invalid or insufficient in any respect or any statement therein being untrue or inaccurate in any respect; or any loss or delay in the transmission or otherwise of any document required in order to make a drawing under such Letter of Credit;

(iv) waiver by the L/C Issuer of any requirement that exists for the L/C Issuer’s protection and not the protection of the Borrower or any waiver by the L/C Issuer which does not in fact materially prejudice the Borrower;

(v) honor of a demand for payment presented electronically even if such Letter of Credit requires that demand be in the form of a draft;

(vi) any payment made by the L/C Issuer in respect of an otherwise complying item presented after the date specified as the expiration date of, or the date by which documents must be received under such Letter of Credit if presentation after such date is authorized by the UCC, the ISP or the UCP, as applicable;

(vii) any payment by the L/C Issuer under such Letter of Credit against presentation of a draft or certificate that does not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit; or any payment made by the L/C Issuer under such Letter of Credit to any Person purporting to be a trustee in bankruptcy, debtor-in-possession, assignee for the benefit of creditors, liquidator, receiver or other representative of or successor to any beneficiary or any transferee of such Letter of Credit, including any arising in connection with any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law; or

(viii) any other circumstance or happening whatsoever, whether or not similar to any of the foregoing, including any other circumstance that might otherwise constitute a defense available to, or a discharge of, any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof.

The Borrower shall promptly examine a copy of each Letter of Credit and each amendment thereto that is delivered to it and, in the event of any claim of noncompliance with the Borrower’s instructions or other irregularity, the Borrower will immediately notify the L/C Issuer. The Borrower shall be conclusively deemed to have waived any such claim against the L/C Issuer and its correspondents unless such notice is given as aforesaid.

(f) Role of L/C Issuer . Each Lender and the Borrower agree that, in paying any drawing under a Letter of Credit, the L/C Issuer shall not have any responsibility to obtain any

 

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document (other than any sight draft, certificates and documents expressly required by the Letter of Credit) or to ascertain or inquire as to the validity or accuracy of any such document or the authority of the Person executing or delivering any such document. None of the L/C Issuer, the Administrative Agent, any of their respective Related Parties nor any correspondent, participant or assignee of the L/C Issuer shall be liable to any Lender for (i) any action taken or omitted in connection herewith at the request or with the approval of the Lenders or the Required Lenders, as applicable; (ii) any action taken or omitted in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct; or (iii) the due execution, effectiveness, validity or enforceability of any document or instrument related to any Letter of Credit or Issuer Document. The Borrower hereby assumes all risks of the acts or omissions of any beneficiary or transferee with respect to its use of any Letter of Credit; provided , however , that this assumption is not intended to, and shall not, preclude the Borrower’s pursuing such rights and remedies as it may have against the beneficiary or transferee at law or under any other agreement. None of the L/C Issuer, the Administrative Agent, any of their respective Related Parties nor any correspondent, participant or assignee of the L/C Issuer shall be liable or responsible for any of the matters described in clauses (i)  through (viii)  of Section 2.03(e) ; provided , however , that anything in such clauses to the contrary notwithstanding, the Borrower may have a claim against the L/C Issuer, and the L/C Issuer may be liable to the Borrower, to the extent, but only to the extent, of any direct, as opposed to consequential or exemplary, damages suffered by the Borrower which the Borrower proves were caused by the L/C Issuer’s willful misconduct or gross negligence or the L/C Issuer’s willful failure to pay under any Letter of Credit after the presentation to it by the beneficiary of a sight draft and certificate(s) strictly complying with the terms and conditions of a Letter of Credit. In furtherance and not in limitation of the foregoing, the L/C Issuer may accept documents that appear on their face to be in order, without responsibility for further investigation, regardless of any notice or information to the contrary, and the L/C Issuer shall not be responsible for the validity or sufficiency of any instrument transferring or assigning or purporting to transfer or assign a Letter of Credit or the rights or benefits thereunder or proceeds thereof, in whole or in part, which may prove to be invalid or ineffective for any reason. The L/C Issuer may send a Letter of Credit or conduct any communication to or from the beneficiary via the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (“ SWIFT ”) message or overnight courier, or any other commercially reasonable means of communicating with a beneficiary.

(g) Applicability of ISP and UCP; Limitation of Liability . Unless otherwise expressly agreed by the L/C Issuer and the Borrower when a Letter of Credit is issued, the rules of the ISP shall apply to each Letter of Credit. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the L/C Issuer shall not be responsible to the Borrower for, and the L/C Issuer’s rights and remedies against the Borrower shall not be impaired by, any action or inaction of the L/C Issuer required or permitted under any law, order, or practice that is required or permitted to be applied to any Letter of Credit or this Agreement, including the Law or any order of a jurisdiction where the L/C Issuer or the beneficiary is located, the practice stated in the ISP or UCP, as applicable, or in the decisions, opinions, practice statements, or official commentary of the ICC Banking Commission, the Bankers Association for Finance and Trade - International Financial Services Association (BAFT-IFSA), or the Institute of International Banking Law & Practice, whether or not any Letter of Credit chooses such law or practice.

(h) Letter of Credit Fees . The Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Lender in accordance, subject to Section 2.16 , with its Applicable Percentage a

 

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Letter of Credit fee (the “ Letter of Credit Fee ”) for each Letter of Credit equal to the Applicable Rate times the daily amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit. For purposes of computing the daily amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.06 . Letter of Credit Fees shall be (i) due and payable on the first Business Day after the end of each March, June, September and December, commencing with the first such date to occur after the issuance of such Letter of Credit, on the Letter of Credit Expiration Date and thereafter on demand and (ii) computed on a quarterly basis in arrears. If there is any change in the Applicable Rate during any quarter, the daily amount available to be drawn under each Letter of Credit shall be computed and multiplied by the Applicable Rate separately for each period during such quarter that such Applicable Rate was in effect. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, upon the request of the Required Lenders, while any Event of Default exists, all Letter of Credit Fees shall accrue at the Default Rate.

(i) Fronting Fee and Documentary and Processing Charges Payable to L/C Issuer . The Borrower shall pay directly to the L/C Issuer for its own account a fronting fee with respect to each Letter of Credit, at the rate per annum specified in the Fee Letter, computed on the daily amount available to be drawn under such Letter of Credit on a quarterly basis in arrears. Such fronting fee shall be due and payable on the tenth Business Day after the end of each March, June, September and December in respect of the most recently-ended quarterly period (or portion thereof, in the case of the first payment), commencing with the first such date to occur after the issuance of such Letter of Credit, on the Letter of Credit Expiration Date and thereafter on demand. For purposes of computing the daily amount available to be drawn under any Letter of Credit, the amount of such Letter of Credit shall be determined in accordance with Section 1.06 . In addition, the Borrower shall pay directly to the L/C Issuer for its own account the customary issuance, presentation, amendment and other processing fees, and other standard costs and charges, of the L/C Issuer relating to letters of credit as from time to time in effect. Such customary fees and standard costs and charges are due and payable on demand and are nonrefundable.

(j) Conflict with Issuer Documents . In the event of any conflict between the terms hereof and the terms of any Issuer Document, the terms hereof shall control.

(k) Letters of Credit Issued for Subsidiaries . Notwithstanding that a Letter of Credit issued or outstanding hereunder is in support of any obligations of, or is for the account of, a Subsidiary of the Borrower, the Borrower shall be obligated to reimburse the L/C Issuer hereunder for any and all drawings under such Letter of Credit. The Borrower hereby acknowledges that the issuance of Letters of Credit for the account of its Subsidiaries inures to the benefit of the Borrower, and that the Borrower’s business derives substantial benefits from the businesses of such Subsidiaries.

2.04 Prepayments of Revolving Credit Loans .

(a) Optional Prepayments . The Borrower may, upon notice to the Administrative Agent, at any time or from time to time voluntarily prepay Revolving Credit Loans in whole or in part without premium or penalty; provided that (i) such notice must be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 12:00 noon (A) three Business Days prior to any date of

 

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prepayment of Eurodollar Rate Loans and (B) on the date of prepayment of Base Rate Loans; (ii) any prepayment of Eurodollar Rate Loans shall be in a principal amount of $1,000,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof; and (iii) any prepayment of Base Rate Loans shall be in a principal amount of $500,000 or a whole multiple of $100,000 in excess thereof or, in each case, if less, the entire principal amount thereof then outstanding. Each such notice shall specify the date and amount of such prepayment and the Type(s) of Revolving Credit Loans to be prepaid and, if Eurodollar Rate Loans are to be prepaid, the Interest Period(s) of such Revolving Credit Loans. The Administrative Agent will promptly notify each Lender of its receipt of each such notice, and of the amount of such Lender’s Applicable Percentage of such prepayment. If such notice is given by the Borrower, the Borrower shall make such prepayment and the payment amount specified in such notice shall be due and payable on the date specified therein. Any prepayment of a Eurodollar Rate Loan shall be accompanied by all accrued interest on the amount prepaid, together with any additional amounts required pursuant to Section 3.05 . Subject to Section 2.16 , each such prepayment shall be applied to the Revolving Credit Loans of the Lenders in accordance with their respective Applicable Percentages.

(b) Mandatory Prepayments .

(i) If for any reason Availability is at any time less than $0, the Borrower shall immediately prepay Loans and L/C Borrowings and/or Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations (other than the L/C Borrowings) in an aggregate amount necessary to cause Availability to be greater than or equal to $0 at such time.

(ii) Prepayments made pursuant to Section 2.04(b)(i) , Section 2.17(b) , or Section 2.17(c) , first , shall be applied ratably to the L/C Borrowings, second , shall be applied ratably to the outstanding Revolving Credit Loans, and third , shall be used to Cash Collateralize the remaining L/C Obligations. Upon a drawing under any Letter of Credit that has been Cash Collateralized, the funds held as Cash Collateral shall be applied (without any further action by or notice to or from the Borrower or any other Loan Party) to reimburse the L/C Issuer or the Lenders, as applicable.

2.05 Termination or Reduction of Commitments . The Borrower may, upon notice to the Administrative Agent, terminate the Aggregate Commitments, or from time to time permanently reduce the Aggregate Commitments; provided that (i) any such notice shall be received by the Administrative Agent not later than 12:00 noon five Business Days prior to the date of termination or reduction, (ii) any such partial reduction shall be in an aggregate amount of $5,000,000 or any whole multiple of $1,000,000 in excess thereof, (iii) the Borrower shall not terminate or reduce the Aggregate Commitments if, after giving effect thereto and to any concurrent prepayments hereunder, Availability would be less than $0, and (iv) if, after giving effect to any reduction of the Aggregate Commitments, the Letter of Credit Sublimit exceeds the amount of the Aggregate Commitments, the Letter of Credit Sublimit shall be automatically reduced by the amount of such excess. The Administrative Agent will promptly notify the Lenders of any such notice of termination or reduction of the Aggregate Commitments. Any reduction of the Aggregate Commitments shall be applied to the Commitment of each Lender according to its Applicable Percentage. All fees accrued until the effective date of any termination of the Aggregate Commitments shall be paid on the effective date of such termination.

 

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2.06 Repayment of Revolving Credit Loans . The Borrower shall repay to the Lenders on the Maturity Date the aggregate principal amount of Revolving Credit Loans outstanding on such date.

2.07 Interest .

(a) Subject to the provisions of subsection (b)  below, (i) each Eurodollar Rate Loan shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof for each Interest Period at a rate per annum equal to the Eurodollar Rate for such Interest Period plus the Applicable Rate and (ii) each Base Rate Loan shall bear interest on the outstanding principal amount thereof from the applicable borrowing date at a rate per annum equal to the Base Rate plus the Applicable Rate.

(b) (i) While any Event of Default exists under Section 8.01(a)(i) or Section 8.01(f) , the Borrower shall pay interest on the principal amount of all outstanding Obligations hereunder at a fluctuating interest rate per annum at all times equal to the Default Rate to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Laws.

(ii) Upon the request of the Required Lenders, while any Event of Default exists (other than as set forth in clause (b)(i) above), the Borrower shall pay interest on the principal amount of all outstanding Obligations hereunder at a fluctuating interest rate per annum at all times equal to the Default Rate to the fullest extent permitted by applicable Laws.

(iii) Accrued and unpaid interest on past due amounts (including interest on past due interest) shall be due and payable upon demand.

(c) Interest on each Revolving Credit Loan shall be due and payable in arrears on each Interest Payment Date applicable thereto and at such other times as may be specified herein. Interest hereunder shall be due and payable in accordance with the terms hereof before and after judgment, and before and after the commencement of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law.

2.08 Fees . In addition to certain fees described in subsections (h)  and (i)  of Section 2.03 and in Sections 2.13(b)(v) and 2.14(e) :

(a) Unused Fee . The Borrower shall pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of each Lender in accordance with its Applicable Percentage, an unused line fee (the “ Unused Fee ”) equal to the Applicable Fee Rate times the actual daily amount by which the Aggregate Commitments exceed the sum of (i) the Outstanding Amount of Revolving Credit Loans and (ii) the Outstanding Amount of L/C Obligations, subject to adjustment as provided in Section 2.16 . The Unused Fee shall accrue at all times during the Availability Period, including at any time during which one or more of the conditions in Article IV is not met, and shall be due and payable quarterly in arrears on the last Business Day of each March, June, September and December, commencing with the first such date to occur after the Closing Date, and on the last day of the Availability Period. The Unused Fee shall be calculated quarterly in arrears, and if there is any change in the Applicable Fee Rate during any quarter, the actual daily amount shall be computed and multiplied by the Applicable Fee Rate separately for each period during such quarter that such Applicable Fee Rate was in effect.

 

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(b) Other Fees . (i) The Parent and the Borrower shall pay to the Arranger and the Administrative Agent for their own respective accounts fees in the amounts and at the times specified in the Fee Letter. Such fees shall be fully earned when paid and shall not be refundable for any reason whatsoever.

(ii) The Borrower shall pay to the Lenders such fees as shall have been separately agreed upon in writing in the amounts and at the times so specified. Such fees shall be fully earned when paid and shall not be refundable for any reason whatsoever.

2.09 Computation of Interest and Fees; Retroactive Adjustments of Applicable Rate .

(a) All computations of interest for Base Rate Loans (including Base Rate Loans determined by reference to the Eurodollar Rate) shall be made on the basis of a year of 365 or 366 days, as the case may be, and actual days elapsed. All other computations of fees and interest shall be made on the basis of a 360-day year and actual days elapsed (which results in more fees or interest, as applicable, being paid than if computed on the basis of a 365-day year). Interest shall accrue on each Revolving Credit Loan for the day on which such Revolving Credit Loan is made, and shall not accrue on such Revolving Credit Loan, or any portion thereof, for the day on which such Revolving Credit Loan or such portion is paid, provided that any Revolving Credit Loan that is repaid on the same day on which it is made shall, subject to Section 2.11(a) , bear interest for one day. Each determination by the Administrative Agent of an interest rate or fee hereunder shall be conclusive and binding for all purposes, absent manifest error.

(b) If, as a result of any restatement of or other adjustment to the financial statements of the Parent or for any other reason, the Borrower, the Administrative Agent or the Required Lenders determine that (i) the ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Asset Value as calculated by the Borrower as of any applicable date was inaccurate and (ii) a proper calculation of the ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Asset Value would have resulted in higher pricing for such period, the Borrower shall immediately and retroactively be obligated to pay to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, promptly on demand by the Administrative Agent (or, after the occurrence of an actual or deemed entry of an order for relief with respect to the Parent or any other Loan Party under any Debtor Relief Laws, automatically and without further action by the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the L/C Issuer), an amount equal to the excess of the amount of interest and fees that should have been paid for such period over the amount of interest and fees actually paid for such period. This paragraph shall not limit the rights of the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, under Section  2.03(c)(iii) , 2.03(h) or 2.07(b) or under Article VIII . The Borrower’s obligations under this paragraph shall survive the termination of the Aggregate Commitments and the repayment of all other Obligations hereunder.

2.10 Evidence of Debt .

(a) The Credit Extensions made by each Lender shall be evidenced by one or more accounts or records maintained by such Lender and by the Administrative Agent in the ordinary course of business. The accounts or records maintained by the Administrative Agent and each

 

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Lender shall be conclusive absent manifest error of the amount of the Credit Extensions made by the Lenders to the Borrower and the interest and payments thereon. Any failure to so record or any error in doing so shall not, however, limit or otherwise affect the obligation of the Borrower hereunder to pay any amount owing with respect to the Obligations. In the event of any conflict between the accounts and records maintained by any Lender and the accounts and records of the Administrative Agent in respect of such matters, the accounts and records of the Administrative Agent shall control in the absence of manifest error. Upon the request of any Lender made through the Administrative Agent, the Borrower shall execute and deliver to such Lender (through the Administrative Agent) a Note, which shall evidence such Lender’s Revolving Credit Loans in addition to such accounts or records. Each Lender may attach schedules to its Note and endorse thereon the date, Type (if applicable), amount and maturity of its Revolving Credit Loans and payments with respect thereto.

(b) In addition to the accounts and records referred to in subsection (a)  above, each Lender and the Administrative Agent shall maintain in accordance with its usual practice accounts or records evidencing the purchases and sales by such Lender of participations in Letters of Credit. In the event of any conflict between the accounts and records maintained by the Administrative Agent and the accounts and records of any Lender in respect of such matters, the accounts and records of the Administrative Agent shall control in the absence of manifest error.

2.11 Payments Generally; Administrative Agent’s Clawback .

(a) General . All payments to be made by the Borrower shall be made free and clear of and without condition or deduction for any counterclaim, defense, recoupment or setoff. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, all payments by the Borrower hereunder shall be made to the Administrative Agent, for the account of the respective Lenders to which such payment is owed, at the Administrative Agent’s Office in Dollars and in immediately available funds not later than 2:00 p.m. on the date specified herein. The Administrative Agent will promptly distribute to each Lender its Applicable Percentage (or other applicable share as provided herein) of such payment in like funds as received by wire transfer to such Lender’s Lending Office. All payments received by the Administrative Agent after 2:00 p.m. shall be deemed received on the next succeeding Business Day and any applicable interest or fee shall continue to accrue. If any payment to be made by the Borrower shall come due on a day other than a Business Day, payment shall be made on the next following Business Day, and such extension of time shall be reflected in computing interest or fees, as the case may be.

(b) (i) Funding by Lenders; Presumption by Administrative Agent . Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from a Lender prior to the proposed date of any Borrowing of Eurodollar Rate Loans (or, in the case of any Borrowing of Base Rate Loans, prior to 2:00 p.m. on the date of such Borrowing) that such Lender will not make available to the Administrative Agent such Lender’s share of such Borrowing, the Administrative Agent may assume that such Lender has made such share available on such date in accordance with Section 2.02 (or, in the case of a Borrowing of Base Rate Loans, that such Lender has made such share available in accordance with and at the time required by Section 2.02 ) and may, in reliance upon such assumption, make available to the Borrower a corresponding amount. In such event, if a Lender has not in fact made its share of the applicable Borrowing available to the Administrative

 

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Agent, then the applicable Lender and the Borrower severally agree to pay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand such corresponding amount in immediately available funds with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is made available to the Borrower to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at (A) in the case of a payment to be made by such Lender, the greater of the Federal Funds Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation, plus any administrative, processing or similar fees customarily charged by the Administrative Agent in connection with the foregoing, and (B) in the case of a payment to be made by the Borrower, the interest rate applicable to Base Rate Loans. If the Borrower and such Lender shall pay such interest to the Administrative Agent for the same or an overlapping period, the Administrative Agent shall promptly remit to the Borrower the amount of such interest paid by the Borrower for such period. If such Lender pays its share of the applicable Borrowing to the Administrative Agent, then the amount so paid shall constitute such Lender’s Revolving Credit Loan included in such Borrowing. Any payment by the Borrower shall be without prejudice to any claim the Borrower may have against a Lender that shall have failed to make such payment to the Administrative Agent.

(ii) Payments by Borrower; Presumptions by Administrative Agent . Unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from the Borrower prior to the date on which any payment is due to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lenders or the L/C Issuer hereunder that the Borrower will not make such payment, the Administrative Agent may assume that the Borrower has made such payment on such date in accordance herewith and may, in reliance upon such assumption, distribute to the Lenders or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, the amount due. In such event, if the Borrower has not in fact made such payment, then each of the Lenders or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, severally agrees to repay to the Administrative Agent forthwith on demand the amount so distributed to such Lender or the L/C Issuer, in immediately available funds with interest thereon, for each day from and including the date such amount is distributed to it to but excluding the date of payment to the Administrative Agent, at the greater of the Federal Funds Rate and a rate determined by the Administrative Agent in accordance with banking industry rules on interbank compensation.

A notice of the Administrative Agent to any Lender or the Borrower with respect to any amount owing under this subsection (b)  shall be conclusive, absent manifest error.

(c) Failure to Satisfy Conditions Precedent . If any Lender makes available to the Administrative Agent funds for any Revolving Credit Loan to be made by such Lender as provided in the foregoing provisions of this Article II , and such funds are not made available to the Borrower by the Administrative Agent because the conditions to the applicable Credit Extension set forth in Article IV are not satisfied or waived in accordance with the terms hereof, the Administrative Agent shall return such funds (in like funds as received from such Lender) to such Lender, without interest.

(d) Obligations of Lenders Several . The obligations of the Lenders hereunder to make Revolving Credit Loans, to fund participations in Letters of Credit and to make payments pursuant to Section 11.04(c) are several and not joint. The failure of any Lender to make any

 

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Revolving Credit Loan, to fund any such participation or to make any payment under Section 11.04(c) on any date required hereunder shall not relieve any other Lender of its corresponding obligation to do so on such date, and no Lender shall be responsible for the failure of any other Lender to so make its Revolving Loan, to purchase its participation or to make its payment under Section 11.04(c) .

(e) Funding Source . Nothing herein shall be deemed to obligate any Lender to obtain the funds for any Revolving Credit Loan in any particular place or manner or to constitute a representation by any Lender that it has obtained or will obtain the funds for any Revolving Credit Loan in any particular place or manner.

2.12 Sharing of Payments by Lenders . If any Lender shall, by exercising any right of setoff or counterclaim or otherwise, obtain payment in respect of any principal of or interest on any of the Revolving Credit Loans made by it, or the participations in L/C Obligations held by it resulting in such Lender’s receiving payment of a proportion of the aggregate amount of such Revolving Credit Loans or participations and accrued interest thereon greater than its pro rata share thereof as provided herein, then the Lender receiving such greater proportion shall (a) notify the Administrative Agent of such fact, and (b) purchase (for cash at face value) participations in the Revolving Credit Loans and subparticipations in L/C Obligations of the other Lenders, or make such other adjustments as shall be equitable, so that the benefit of all such payments shall be shared by the Lenders ratably in accordance with the aggregate amount of principal of and accrued interest on their respective Revolving Credit Loans and other amounts owing them, provided that:

(i) if any such participations or subparticipations are purchased and all or any portion of the payment giving rise thereto is recovered, such participations or subparticipations shall be rescinded and the purchase price restored to the extent of such recovery, without interest; and

(ii) the provisions of this Section shall not be construed to apply to (x) any payment made by or on behalf of the Borrower pursuant to and in accordance with the express terms of this Agreement (including the application of funds arising from the existence of a Defaulting Lender), (y) the application of Cash Collateral provided for in Section 2.15 , or (z) any payment obtained by a Lender as consideration for the assignment of or sale of a participation in any of its Revolving Loans or subparticipations in L/C Obligations to any assignee or participant, other than an assignment to the Borrower or any Affiliate thereof (as to which the provisions of this Section shall apply).

Each Loan Party consents to the foregoing and agrees, to the extent it may effectively do so under applicable law, that any Lender acquiring a participation pursuant to the foregoing arrangements may exercise against such Loan Party rights of setoff and counterclaim with respect to such participation as fully as if such Lender were a direct creditor of such Loan Party in the amount of such participation.

 

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2.13 Extension of Maturity Date .

(a) Request for Extension . The Borrower may, by written notice to the Administrative Agent (such notice, an “ Extension Notice ”) not earlier than 90 days and not later than 30 days prior to the Initial Maturity Date, request that the Lenders extend the Maturity Date for an additional twelve (12) months from the Initial Maturity Date. The Administrative Agent shall distribute any such Extension Notice to the Lenders promptly following its receipt thereof.

(b) Conditions Precedent to Effectiveness of Maturity Date Extension . As conditions precedent to the effectiveness of such extension of the Maturity Date, each of the following requirements shall be satisfied:

(i) The Administrative Agent shall have received an Extension Notice within the period required under subsection (a) above;

(ii) On the date of such Extension Notice and both immediately before and immediately after giving effect to such extension of the Maturity Date, no Default or Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing;

(iii) On or prior to the date of such Extension Notice, Parent shall have consummated an Initial Public Offering with Net Cash Proceeds received by the Parent in respect thereof in an amount not less than $150,000,000;

(iv) On the date of such Extension Notice and on the date of such extension of the Maturity Date, at least one class of common Equity Interests of the Parent shall be listed on the New York Stock Exchange or The NASDAQ Stock Market;

(v) The Borrower shall have paid to the Administrative Agent, for the pro rata benefit of the Lenders based on their Applicable Percentages as of the Initial Maturity Date, an extension fee in an amount equal 0.25% of the Aggregate Commitments in effect on the Initial Maturity Date, it being agreed that such fee shall be fully earned when paid and shall not be refundable for any reason;

(vi) The Administrative Agent shall have received a certificate of each Loan Party dated as of the Initial Maturity Date signed by a Responsible Officer of such Loan Party certifying that, before and after giving effect to such extension, (A) the representations and warranties contained in Article V and the other Loan Documents are true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Initial Maturity Date, except (x) to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct as of such earlier date, (y) any representation or warranty that is already by its terms qualified as to “materiality”, “Material Adverse Effect” or similar language shall be true and correct in all respects as of such date after giving effect to such qualification and (z) for purposes of this Section 2.13 , the representation and warranty contained in subsection (a) of Section 5.05 shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of Section 6.01 (except, if the most recent statements were furnished pursuant to Section 6.01(a) , the qualification in Section 5.05(a) as to the absence of footnotes and normal year-end audit adjustments shall not apply to such statements), and (B) no Default exists;

 

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(vii) The Administrative Agent shall have received a Valuation Report with respect to each then existing Eligible Investment Property, in each case dated not earlier than ten (10) days prior to the date of the Extension Notice;

(viii) The Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent a Solvency Certificate executed on behalf of each of the Loan Parties (with respect to the Solvency of each such Loan Party both before and after giving effect to such extension); and

(ix) The Borrower and the other Loan Parties shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent such reaffirmations of their respective obligations under the Loan Documents (after giving effect to the extension), and acknowledgments and certifications that they have no claims, offsets or defenses with respect to the payment or performance of any of the Obligations, including, without limitation, reaffirmations of each of the Pledge Agreement and Guaranty, executed by the Loan Parties party thereto.

2.14 Increase in Commitments .

(a) Request for Increase . Provided there exists no Default, upon written notice to the Administrative Agent, the Borrower may from time to time request an increase in the Aggregate Commitments by an amount (in the aggregate for all such requests) not exceeding $150,000,000; provided that (i) any such request for an increase shall be in a minimum amount of $50,000,000, (ii) the Borrower may make a maximum of three such requests and (iii) the written consent of the Administrative Agent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld) shall be required for any such increase in the Aggregate Commitments. If the Administrative Agent consents to the Borrower’s request for an increase in the Aggregate Commitments, the Administrative Agent shall promptly inform the Lenders of such request made by the Borrower. On or prior to the time that the Administrative Agent informs the Lenders of the Borrower’s request for an increase in the Aggregate Commitments, the Borrower (in consultation with the Administrative Agent) shall specify the time period within which each Lender is requested to respond (which shall in no event be less than ten Business Days from the date of delivery of such notice to the Lenders).

(b) Lender Elections to Increase . Each Lender shall notify the Administrative Agent within such time period whether or not it agrees to increase its Commitment and, if so, whether by an amount equal to, greater than, or less than its Applicable Percentage of such requested increase. Any Lender not responding within such time period shall be deemed to have declined to increase its Commitment.

(c) Notification by Administrative Agent; Additional Lenders . The Administrative Agent shall notify the Borrower and each Lender of the Lenders’ responses to each request made hereunder. To achieve the full amount of a requested increase and subject to the approval of the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer, the Borrower may also invite additional Eligible Assignees to become Lenders pursuant to a joinder agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and its counsel (a “ New Lender Joinder Agreement ”).

(d) Effective Date and Allocations . If the Aggregate Commitments are increased in accordance with this Section, the Administrative Agent and the Borrower shall determine the effective date (the “ Increase Effective Date ”) and the final allocation of such increase. The Administrative Agent shall promptly notify the Borrower and the Lenders of the final allocation of such increase and the Increase Effective Date.

 

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(e) Conditions to Effectiveness of Increase . As conditions precedent to such increase, (i) the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a certificate of each Loan Party dated as of the Increase Effective Date (in sufficient copies for each Lender) signed by a Responsible Officer of such Loan Party (x) certifying and attaching the resolutions adopted by such Loan Party approving or consenting to such increase, and (y) in the case of the Borrower, certifying that, before and after giving effect to such increase, (A) the representations and warranties contained in Article V and the other Loan Documents are true and correct in all material respects on and as of the Increase Effective Date, except to the extent that (1) such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct as of such earlier date, (2) any representation or warranty that is already by its terms qualified as to “materiality”, “Material Adverse Effect” or similar language shall be true and correct in all respects as of such date after giving effect to such qualification and (3) that for purposes of this Section 2.14 , the representation and warranty contained in subsection (a) of Section 5.05 shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of Section 6.01 (except, if the most recent statements were furnished pursuant to Section 6.01(a) , the qualification in Section 5.05(a) as to the absence of footnotes and normal year-end audit adjustments shall not apply to such statements), and (B) no Default exists, (ii) the Administrative Agent shall have received (x) a New Lender Joinder Agreement duly executed by the Borrower and each Eligible Assignee that is becoming a Lender in connection with such increase, which New Lender Joinder Agreement shall be acknowledged and consented to in writing by the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer and (y) written confirmation from each existing Lender, if any, participating in such increase of the amount by which its Commitment will be increased, which confirmation shall be acknowledged and consented to in writing by the L/C Issuer and (iii) the Borrower shall have paid to the Arranger the fee required to be paid pursuant to the Fee Letter in connection therewith. The Borrower shall prepay any Revolving Credit Loans outstanding on the Increase Effective Date (and pay any additional amounts required pursuant to Section 3.05 ) to the extent necessary to keep the outstanding Revolving Credit Loans ratable with any revised Applicable Percentages arising from any nonratable increase in the Commitments under this Section.

(f) Increase in Letter of Credit Sublimit in connection with Increase in Aggregate Commitments . In connection with any increase in the Aggregate Commitments to an amount equal to at least $200,000,000 consummated pursuant to this Section 2.14 , the Borrower may increase the Letter of Credit Sublimit to an amount not to exceed $25,000,000 by providing the Administrative Agent with written notice thereof (such notice, a “ Letter of Credit Sublimit Increase Notice ”) on or prior to the applicable Increase Effective Date. If a Letter of Credit Sublimit Increase Notice is provided to the Administrative Agent in accordance with this Section 2.14(f) , (i) the Administrative Agent shall promptly inform the Lenders thereof and (ii) the Letter of Credit Sublimit shall be increased to the amount requested in such Letter of Credit Sublimit Increase Notice (but in no event to an amount greater than $25,000,000) on the effective date of the related increase in the Aggregate Commitments.

(g) Conflicting Provisions . This Section shall supersede any provisions in Section 2.12 or 11.01 to the contrary.

 

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2.15 Cash Collateral .

(a) Certain Credit Support Events . If (i) the L/C Issuer has honored any full or partial drawing request under any Letter of Credit and such drawing has resulted in an L/C Borrowing, (ii) as of the Letter of Credit Expiration Date, any L/C Obligation for any reason remains outstanding, (iii) the Borrower shall be required to provide Cash Collateral pursuant to Section 8.02(c) , or (iv) there shall exist a Defaulting Lender, the Borrower shall immediately (in the case of clause (iii)  above) or within one Business Day (in all other cases) following any request by the Administrative Agent or the L/C Issuer, provide Cash Collateral in an amount not less than the applicable Minimum Collateral Amount (determined in the case of Cash Collateral provided pursuant to clause (iv)  above, after giving effect to Section 2.16(a)(iv) and any Cash Collateral provided by the Defaulting Lender).

(b) Grant of Security Interest . The Borrower, and to the extent provided by any Defaulting Lender, such Defaulting Lender, hereby grants to (and subjects to the control of) the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer and the Lenders, and agrees to maintain, a first priority security interest in all such cash, deposit accounts and all balances therein, and all other property so provided as collateral pursuant hereto, and in all proceeds of the foregoing, all as security for the obligations to which such Cash Collateral may be applied pursuant to Section 2.15(c) . If at any time the Administrative Agent determines that Cash Collateral is subject to any right or claim of any Person other than the Administrative Agent or the L/C Issuer as herein provided, or that the total amount of such Cash Collateral is less than the Minimum Collateral Amount, the Borrower will, promptly upon demand by the Administrative Agent, pay or provide to the Administrative Agent additional Cash Collateral in an amount sufficient to eliminate such deficiency. All Cash Collateral (other than credit support not constituting funds subject to deposit) shall be maintained in blocked, non-interest bearing deposit accounts at Bank of America. The Borrower shall pay on demand therefor from time to time all customary account opening, activity and other administrative fees and charges in connection with the maintenance and disbursement of Cash Collateral.

(c) Application . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, Cash Collateral provided under any of this Section 2.15 or Sections 2.03 , 2.04 , 2.16 or 8.02 in respect of Letters of Credit shall be held and applied to the satisfaction of the specific L/C Obligations, obligations to fund participations therein (including, as to Cash Collateral provided by a Defaulting Lender, any interest accrued on such obligation) and other obligations for which the Cash Collateral was so provided, prior to any other application of such property as may otherwise be provided for herein.

(d) Release . Cash Collateral (or the appropriate portion thereof) provided to reduce Fronting Exposure or to secure other obligations shall be released promptly following (i) the elimination of the applicable Fronting Exposure or other obligations giving rise thereto (including by the termination of Defaulting Lender status of the applicable Lender (or, as appropriate, its assignee following compliance with Section 11.06(b)(vi) )) or (ii) the determination by the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer that there exists excess Cash Collateral; provided , however, the Person providing Cash Collateral and the L/C Issuer may agree that Cash Collateral shall not be released but instead held to support future anticipated Fronting Exposure or other obligations.

 

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2.16 Defaulting Lenders .

(a) Adjustments . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, if any Lender becomes a Defaulting Lender, then, until such time as that Lender is no longer a Defaulting Lender, to the extent permitted by applicable Law:

(i) Waivers and Amendments . Such Defaulting Lender’s right to approve or disapprove any amendment, waiver or consent with respect to this Agreement shall be restricted as set forth in the definition of “Required Lenders” and Section 11.01 .

(ii) Defaulting Lender Waterfall . Any payment of principal, interest, fees or other amounts received by the Administrative Agent for the account of such Defaulting Lender (whether voluntary or mandatory, at maturity, pursuant to Article VIII or otherwise) or received by the Administrative Agent from a Defaulting Lender pursuant to Section 11.08 shall be applied at such time or times as may be determined by the Administrative Agent as follows: first , to the payment of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent hereunder; second , to the payment on a pro rata basis of any amounts owing by such Defaulting Lender to the L/C Issuer; third , to Cash Collateralize the L/C Issuer’s Fronting Exposure with respect to such Defaulting Lender in accordance with Section 2.15 ; fourth , as the Borrower may request (so long as no Default or Event of Default exists), to the funding of any Revolving Credit Loan in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has failed to fund its portion thereof as required by this Agreement, as determined by the Administrative Agent; fifth , if so determined by the Administrative Agent and the Borrower, to be held in a deposit account and released pro rata in order to (x) satisfy such Defaulting Lender’s potential future funding obligations with respect to Revolving Credit Loans under this Agreement and (y) Cash Collateralize the L/C Issuer’s future Fronting Exposure with respect to such Defaulting Lender with respect to future Letters of Credit issued under this Agreement, in accordance with Section 2.15 ; sixth , to the payment of any amounts owing to the Lenders or the L/C Issuer as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by any Lender or the L/C Issuer against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lender’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement; seventh , so long as no Default or Event of Default exists, to the payment of any amounts owing to the Borrower as a result of any judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction obtained by the Borrower against such Defaulting Lender as a result of such Defaulting Lender’s breach of its obligations under this Agreement; and eighth , to such Defaulting Lender or as otherwise directed by a court of competent jurisdiction; provided that if (x) such payment is a payment of the principal amount of any Revolving Credit Loans or L/C Borrowings in respect of which such Defaulting Lender has not fully funded its appropriate share, and (y) such Revolving Credit Loans were made or the related Letters of Credit were issued at a time when the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 were satisfied or waived, such payment shall be applied solely to pay the Revolving Credit Loans of, and L/C Obligations owed to, all Non-Defaulting Lenders on a pro rata basis prior to being applied to the payment of any Revolving Credit Loans of, or L/C Obligations owed to, such Defaulting Lender until such time as all Revolving Credit Loans and funded and unfunded participations in L/C Obligations are held by the Lenders pro rata in accordance with the Commitments hereunder without giving effect to Section 2.16(a)(iv) . Any

 

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payments, prepayments or other amounts paid or payable to a Defaulting Lender that are applied (or held) to pay amounts owed by a Defaulting Lender or to post Cash Collateral pursuant to this Section 2.16(a)(ii) shall be deemed paid to and redirected by such Defaulting Lender, and each Lender irrevocably consents hereto.

(iii) Certain Fees .

(A) No Defaulting Lender shall be entitled to receive any fee payable under Section 2.08(a) for any period during which that Lender is a Defaulting Lender (and the Borrower shall not be required to pay any such fee that otherwise would have been required to have been paid to that Defaulting Lender).

(B) Each Defaulting Lender shall be entitled to receive Letter of Credit Fees for any period during which that Lender is a Defaulting Lender only to the extent allocable to its Applicable Percentage of the stated amount of Letters of Credit for which it has provided Cash Collateral pursuant to Section 2.15 .

(C) With respect to any Letter of Credit Fee not required to be paid to any Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (B)  above, the Borrower shall (x) pay to each Non-Defaulting Lender that portion of any such fee otherwise payable to such Defaulting Lender with respect to such Defaulting Lender’s participation in L/C Obligations that has been reallocated to such Non-Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (iv)  below, (y) pay to the L/C Issuer the amount of any such fee otherwise payable to such Defaulting Lender to the extent allocable to such L/C Issuer’s Fronting Exposure to such Defaulting Lender, and (z) not be required to pay the remaining amount of any such fee.

(iv) Reallocation of Applicable Percentages to Reduce Fronting Exposure . All or any part of such Defaulting Lender’s participation in L/C Obligations shall be reallocated among the Non-Defaulting Lenders in accordance with their respective Applicable Percentages (calculated without regard to such Defaulting Lender’s Commitment) but only to the extent that (x) the conditions set forth in Section 4.02 are satisfied at the time of such reallocation (and, unless the Borrower shall have otherwise notified the Administrative Agent at such time, the Borrower shall be deemed to have represented and warranted that such conditions are satisfied at such time), and (y) such reallocation does not cause the aggregate Revolving Credit Exposure of any Non-Defaulting Lender to exceed such Non-Defaulting Lender’s Commitment. No reallocation hereunder shall constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder against a Defaulting Lender arising from that Lender having become a Defaulting Lender, including any claim of a Non-Defaulting Lender as a result of such Non-Defaulting Lender’s increased exposure following such reallocation.

(v) Cash Collateral . If the reallocation described in clause (a)(iv) above cannot, or can only partially, be effected, the Borrower shall, without prejudice to any right or remedy available to it hereunder or under applicable Law, Cash Collateralize the L/C Issuers’ Fronting Exposure in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 2.15 .

 

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(b) Defaulting Lender Cure . If the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer agree in writing that a Lender is no longer a Defaulting Lender, the Administrative Agent will so notify the parties hereto, whereupon as of the effective date specified in such notice and subject to any conditions set forth therein (which may include arrangements with respect to any Cash Collateral), that Lender will, to the extent applicable, purchase at par that portion of outstanding Revolving Credit Loans of the other Lenders or take such other actions as the Administrative Agent may determine to be necessary to cause the Revolving Credit Loans and funded and unfunded participations in Letters of Credit to be held on a pro rata basis by the Lenders in accordance with their Applicable Percentages (without giving effect to Section 2.16(a)(iv) ), whereupon such Lender will cease to be a Defaulting Lender; provided that no adjustments will be made retroactively with respect to fees accrued or payments made by or on behalf of the Borrower while that Lender was a Defaulting Lender; and provided , further , that except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the affected parties, no change hereunder from Defaulting Lender to Lender will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from that Lender’s having been a Defaulting Lender.

2.17 Borrowing Base Eligibility Criteria; Sales and other Removals of Investment Properties Included in the Borrowing Base Amount; Valuation Reports .

(a) Requirements for Investment Properties to be Included in the Borrowing Base Amount . Investment Properties may be added to the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount on any Business Day during the Borrowing Base Inclusion Period; provided that prior to any Investment Property being included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount (and, in the case of the requirements set forth in clauses (ii) through (xiii) below, at all times that such Investment Property is included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount as provided in Section 2.17(b) ), each of the following requirements shall have been satisfied with respect to such Investment Property (such requirements being referred to herein as the “ Borrowing Base Eligibility Criteria ”):

(i) At least three Business Days (or such shorter period of time as agreed to by the Administrative Agent in writing) prior to the inclusion of such Investment Property in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount, the Borrower shall have provided the Administrative Agent with a written request for such Investment Property to be included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount, which request shall be accompanied by (x) (1) reasonably detailed property diligence materials, including (x) if such request is submitted on or after the Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Date, a Valuation Report with respect to such Investment Property, dated as of a date not earlier than ten (10) Business Days prior to the date of such request and (y) a representation and warranty made by the Borrower as to the Purchase Price paid for such Investment Property, (2) a description of such Investment Property and the cost of all improvements (if any) made thereto by the applicable Borrowing Base Loan Party, (3) a title search report with respect to such Investment Property (after giving effect to the applicable Borrowing Base Loan Party’s ownership of such Investment Property), dated as of a date not earlier than ten (10) Business Days prior to the date of such request, (4) a reasonably detailed description of the Capital Expenditures (including the estimated amount thereof) expected to be made by the applicable Borrowing Base Loan Party with respect to such Investment Property in the twelve month period following its inclusion in the calculation

 

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of the Borrowing Base Amount (such description, together with the descriptions with respect to such Investment Property contemplated in subclause (2) of this clause (i), shall be in the form of Exhibit J or another form acceptable to the Administrative Agent) and (5) such additional documents and information as reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent (such written request, together with the accompanying materials specified herein, is referred to herein as the “ Borrowing Base Inclusion Request ”) and (y) Borrowing Base Inclusion Requests for at least twenty (20) other additional Investment Properties to also be included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount at such time.

(ii) Such Investment Property shall consist of a single family detached house, or a condominium, townhouse, cooperative, duplex, tri-plex or four-plex.

(iii) Such Investment Property shall be wholly-owned and controlled by a Borrowing Base Loan Party.

(iv) The Borrowing Base Loan Party that owns such Investment Property must have its principal place of business and chief executive office located in, the United States of America, any State thereof or the District of Columbia.

(v) Such Investment Property shall be located in the continental United States.

(vi) Such Investment Property shall be free and clear of all negative pledges and/or encumbrances or restrictions on the ability of the Borrowing Base Loan Party that owns such Investment Property to transfer or encumber such Investment Property or any income therefrom or proceeds thereof. For the avoidance of doubt, the right of a lessee under an NNN Lease Agreement to receive a payment upon disposition of an Investment Property subject to such lease shall not constitute an encumbrance or restriction on the ability of a Borrowing Base Loan Party to transfer such Investment Property or any income therefrom or proceeds thereof so long as the amount to which such lessee is entitled in respect of such disposition does not exceed the Maximum NNN Lease Termination Amount with respect to such Investment Property.

(vii) There shall not exist any Lien or other encumbrance on (x) such Investment Property (or any income therefrom or proceeds thereof), other than Liens permitted under Section 7.01(a ), (c) , (d) , (g) , (j)  or (k) , (y) any other assets or property of the Borrowing Base Loan Party that owns such Investment Property, other than Liens permitted under Section 7.01 or (z) any of the Equity Interests of the Borrowing Base Loan Party that owns such Investment Property (or any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Borrower that owns any Equity Interests of such Borrowing Base Loan Party), including any right to receive distributions or other amounts in respect of such Equity Interests, other than Liens permitted under Section 7.01(a) .

(viii) The Borrowing Base Loan Party that owns such Investment Property shall not have any Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.03(a) or Section 7.03(d) (subject to the proviso at the end of Section 7.03 )) and shall be Solvent and not subject to any proceedings under any Debtor Relief Law.

 

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(ix) If such Investment Property is a Leased Investment Property, such Investment Property shall either be subject to a lease with a minimum lease term of at least twelve (12) months or subject to a Short Term Lease; provided , that the aggregate contribution to the Borrowing Base Amount from Short Term Leased Investment Properties shall be limited as set forth in clause (iv) of the proviso to the definition of Borrowing Base Amount;

(x) Such Investment Property shall be in compliance with all insurance requirements set forth in Section 6.07 , and if requested by the Administrative Agent at any time, the Borrower shall have provided the Administrative Agent with evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent of such insurance compliance.

(xi) There shall not be any real estate taxes or homeowners association fees with respect to such Investment Property that are past due.

(xii) Such Investment Property must be an ARP Managed Property, an NNN Leased Investment Property, an Approved Third Party Managed Investment Property or a Legacy Managed Investment Property.

(xiii) If such Investment Property is an NNN Leased Investment Property, (A) the lessee under the NNN Lease Agreement with respect to such NNN Leased Investment Property shall be an Approved NNN Lessee and (B) the manager of such NNN Leased Investment Property shall be either the Approved NNN Lessee party to the applicable NNN Lease Agreement or an Acceptable Management Company.

(xiv) The Administrative Agent shall have received an Availability Certificate from the Borrower showing that Availability after giving effect to the inclusion of such Investment Property in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is greater than or equal to $0, together with the information contemplated in clauses (i) through (ix) of Section 6.02(h) .

(xv) The Administrative Agent shall have received a copy of the limited liability company operating agreement, partnership agreement, bylaws or other similar organizational documents of the Borrowing Base Loan Party that owns such Investment Property and each Subsidiary of the Borrower that directly or indirectly owns any Equity Interests in such Borrowing Base Loan Party, which organizational documents shall be (x) in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and (y) certified by a Responsible Officer of the Parent as being true, correct and complete.

(xvi) The Administrative Agent shall have received such additional information regarding such Investment Asset as reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent (on behalf of itself or any Lender).

(b) Removal of Investment Properties from the Borrowing Base Amount for Failure to Satisfy Borrowing Base Eligibility Criteria . If at any time any Investment Property included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount no longer satisfies all of the Borrowing Base Eligibility Criteria set forth in Section 2.17(a)(ii) through (xiii) , then (i) such Investment Property shall be automatically removed from the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount

 

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and (ii) the Borrower shall, within two (2) Business Days after becoming aware that such Investment Property no longer satisfies any such Borrowing Base Eligibility Criteria, provide the Administrative Agent and the Lenders with written notice thereof, together with (x) an Availability Certificate setting forth the calculation of Availability (giving effect to the removal of such Investment Property from the Borrowing Base Amount) and (y) the information contemplated in clauses (i) through (ix) of Section 6.02(h) . If, after giving effect to any such removal of the applicable Investment Property from the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount, Availability is less than $0, the Borrower shall immediately prepay Revolving Credit Loans and L/C Borrowings and/or Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations (other than the L/C Borrowings) in an aggregate amount necessary to cause Availability to be greater than or equal to $0 in the manner specified in Section 2.04(b)(ii) .

(c) Removal of Investment Properties Included in the Borrowing Base Amount . The Borrower may remove an Investment Property from the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount (including, without limitation, in connection with a Disposition of such Investment Property) (each such transaction being referred to herein as a “ Borrowing Base Release Transaction ”) upon the completion of the following conditions precedent to the satisfaction of the Administrative Agent:

(i) The Borrower shall have delivered to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders written notice of their desire to consummate such Borrowing Base Release Transaction on or prior to the date that is three (3) Business Days (or such shorter period of time as agreed to by the Administrative Agent in writing) prior to the date on which such Borrowing Base Release Transaction is to be effected;

(ii) On or before the date that is three (3) Business Days (or such shorter period of time as agreed to by the Administrative Agent in writing) prior to the date of the proposed Borrowing Base Release Transaction, the Borrower shall have submitted to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders (x) an Availability Certificate giving pro forma effect to the proposed Borrowing Base Release Transaction, together with the information contemplated in clauses (i) through (ix) of Section 6.02(h) , (y) a certificate executed by a Responsible Officer of the Parent certifying to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that (A) immediately before and after giving effect to such Borrowing Base Release Transaction, no Default or Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and (B) after giving effect to such Borrowing Base Release Transaction, (1) the Loan Parties are in compliance on a pro forma basis with all covenants contained in Section 7.11 , (2) the total number of Investment Assets included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is not less than 800 and (3) the aggregate Investment Property Values of all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is not less than $100,000,000; and

(iii) If, after giving effect to the proposed Borrowing Base Release Transaction, Availability is less than $0, the Borrower shall have, simultaneously with or prior to the consummation of such release, prepaid Revolving Credit Loans and L/C Borrowings and/or Cash Collateralized the L/C Obligations (other than the L/C Borrowings) in an aggregate amount necessary to cause Availability to be greater than or equal to $0 in the manner specified in Section 2.04(b)(ii) .

(d) Valuation Reports . The Borrowing Base Loan Parties shall, within ten (10) Business Days after the end of each fiscal quarter of the Parent ending on or after the Borrowing Base Value Adjustment Date, deliver to the Administrative Agent a Valuation Report, dated as of a date no earlier than ten (10) days prior to the date of such delivery, with respect to each Investment Property included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount at such time. Upon receipt by the Administrative Agent of a Valuation Report with respect to any Leased Investment Property or Unleased Investment Property pursuant to this Section 2.17(d) , the Reported Value of such Leased Investment Property set forth in such Valuation Report shall be used in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Value of such Leased Investment Property.

 

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ARTICLE III. TAXES, YIELD PROTECTION AND ILLEGALITY

3.01 Taxes .

(a) Payments Free of Taxes; Obligation to Withhold; Payments on Account of Taxes .

(i) Any and all payments by or on account of any obligation of any Loan Party under any Loan Document shall be made without deduction or withholding for any Taxes, except as required by applicable Laws. If any applicable Laws (as determined in the good faith discretion of the Administrative Agent) require the deduction or withholding of any Tax from any such payment by the Administrative Agent or a Loan Party, then the Administrative Agent or such Loan Party shall be entitled to make such deduction or withholding, upon the basis of the information and documentation to be delivered pursuant to subsection (e) below.

(ii) If any Loan Party or the Administrative Agent shall be required by the Code to withhold or deduct any Taxes, including both United States Federal backup withholding and withholding taxes, from any payment, then (A) the Administrative Agent shall withhold or make such deductions as are determined by the Administrative Agent to be required based upon the information and documentation it has received pursuant to subsection (e)  below, (B) the Administrative Agent shall timely pay the full amount withheld or deducted to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with the Code, and (C) to the extent that the withholding or deduction is made on account of Indemnified Taxes, the sum payable by the applicable Loan Party shall be increased as necessary so that after any required withholding or the making of all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 3.01 ) the applicable Recipient receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such withholding or deduction been made.

(iii) If any Loan Party or the Administrative Agent shall be required by any applicable Laws other than the Code to withhold or deduct any Taxes from any payment, then (A) such Loan Party or the Administrative Agent, as required by such Laws, shall withhold or make such deductions as are determined by it to be required based upon the information and documentation it has received pursuant to subsection (e)  below, (B) such Loan Party or the Administrative Agent, to the extent required by such Laws, shall timely pay the full amount withheld or deducted to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with such Laws, and (C) to the extent that the withholding or deduction is

 

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made on account of Indemnified Taxes, the sum payable by the applicable Loan Party shall be increased as necessary so that after any required withholding or the making of all required deductions (including deductions applicable to additional sums payable under this Section 3.01 ) the applicable Recipient receives an amount equal to the sum it would have received had no such withholding or deduction been made.

(b) Payment of Other Taxes by the Borrower . Without limiting the provisions of subsection (a)  above, the Loan Parties shall timely pay to the relevant Governmental Authority in accordance with applicable law, or at the option of the Administrative Agent timely reimburse it for the payment of, any Other Taxes.

(c) Tax Indemnifications . (i)   Each of the Loan Parties shall, and does hereby, jointly and severally indemnify each Recipient, and shall make payment in respect thereof within 10 days after demand therefor, for the full amount of any Indemnified Taxes (including Indemnified Taxes imposed or asserted on or attributable to amounts payable under this Section 3.01 ) payable or paid by such Recipient or required to be withheld or deducted from a payment to such Recipient, and any penalties, interest and reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Indemnified Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to the Borrower by a Lender or the L/C Issuer (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), or by the Administrative Agent on its own behalf or on behalf of a Lender or the L/C Issuer, shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Each of the Loan Parties shall, and does hereby, jointly and severally indemnify the Administrative Agent, and shall make payment in respect thereof within 10 days after demand therefor, for any amount which a Lender or the L/C Issuer for any reason fails to pay indefeasibly to the Administrative Agent as required pursuant to Section 3.01(c)(ii) below.

(ii) Each Lender and the L/C Issuer shall, and does hereby, severally indemnify, and shall make payment in respect thereof within 10 days after demand therefor, ( x ) the Administrative Agent against any Indemnified Taxes attributable to such Lender or the L/C Issuer (but only to the extent that any Loan Party has not already indemnified the Administrative Agent for such Indemnified Taxes and without limiting the obligation of the Loan Parties to do so), ( y ) the Administrative Agent and the Loan Parties, as applicable, against any Taxes attributable to such Lender’s failure to comply with the provisions of Section 11.06(d) relating to the maintenance of a Participant Register and ( z ) the Administrative Agent and the Loan Parties, as applicable, against any Excluded Taxes attributable to such Lender or the L/C Issuer, in each case, that are payable or paid by the Administrative Agent or a Loan Party in connection with any Loan Document, and any reasonable expenses arising therefrom or with respect thereto, whether or not such Taxes were correctly or legally imposed or asserted by the relevant Governmental Authority. A certificate as to the amount of such payment or liability delivered to any Lender by the Administrative Agent shall be conclusive absent manifest error. Each Lender and the L/C Issuer hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent to set off and apply any and all amounts at any time owing to such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, under this Agreement or any other Loan Document against any amount due to the Administrative Agent under this clause (ii) .

 

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(d) Evidence of Payments . Upon request by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, as the case may be, after any payment of Taxes by the Borrower or by the Administrative Agent to a Governmental Authority as provided in this Section 3.01 , the Borrower shall deliver to the Administrative Agent or the Administrative Agent shall deliver to the Borrower, as the case may be, the original or a certified copy of a receipt issued by such Governmental Authority evidencing such payment, a copy of any return required by Laws to report such payment or other evidence of such payment reasonably satisfactory to the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, as the case may be.

(e) Status of Lenders; Tax Documentation .

(i) Any Lender that is entitled to an exemption from or reduction of withholding Tax with respect to payments made under any Loan Document shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, at the time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, such properly completed and executed documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will permit such payments to be made without withholding or at a reduced rate of withholding. In addition, any Lender, if reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent, shall deliver such other documentation prescribed by applicable law or reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as will enable the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine whether or not such Lender is subject to backup withholding or information reporting requirements. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the preceding two sentences, the completion, execution and submission of such documentation (other than such documentation set forth in Section 3.01(e)(ii)(A) , (ii)(B) and (ii)(D) below) shall not be required if in the Lender’s reasonable judgment such completion, execution or submission would subject such Lender to any material unreimbursed cost or expense or would materially prejudice the legal or commercial position of such Lender.

(ii) Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in the event that the Borrower is a U.S. Person,

(A) any Lender that is a U.S. Person shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent on or prior to the date on which such Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed originals of IRS Form W-9 certifying that such Lender is exempt from U.S. federal backup withholding tax;

(B) any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), whichever of the following is applicable:

(I) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of an income tax treaty to which the United States is a party (x) with respect to payments of interest under any Loan Document, executed originals of IRS Form W-8BEN establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “interest” article of such tax treaty and (y) with respect to any other applicable payments under any Loan Document, IRS Form W-8BEN establishing an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. federal withholding Tax pursuant to the “business profits” or “other income” article of such tax treaty;

 

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(II) executed originals of IRS Form W-8ECI;

(III) in the case of a Foreign Lender claiming the benefits of the exemption for portfolio interest under Section 881(c) of the Code, (x) a certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit G-1 to the effect that such Foreign Lender is not a “bank” within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, a “10 percent shareholder” of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(B) of the Code, or a “controlled foreign corporation” described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code (a “ U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate ”) and (y) executed originals of IRS Form W-8BEN; or

(IV) to the extent a Foreign Lender is not the beneficial owner, executed originals of IRS Form W-8IMY, accompanied by IRS Form W-8ECI, IRS Form W-8BEN, a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit G-2 or Exhibit G-3 , IRS Form W-9, and/or other certification documents from each beneficial owner, as applicable; provided that if the Foreign Lender is a partnership and one or more direct or indirect partners of such Foreign Lender are claiming the portfolio interest exemption, such Foreign Lender may provide a U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate substantially in the form of Exhibit G-4 on behalf of each such direct and indirect partner;

(C) any Foreign Lender shall, to the extent it is legally entitled to do so, deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative Agent (in such number of copies as shall be requested by the recipient) on or prior to the date on which such Foreign Lender becomes a Lender under this Agreement (and from time to time thereafter upon the reasonable request of the Borrower or the Administrative Agent), executed originals of any other form prescribed by applicable law as a basis for claiming exemption from or a reduction in U.S. federal withholding Tax, duly completed, together with such supplementary documentation as may be prescribed by applicable law to permit the Borrower or the Administrative Agent to determine the withholding or deduction required to be made; and

(D) if a payment made to a Lender under any Loan Document would be subject to U.S. federal withholding Tax imposed by FATCA if such Lender were to fail to comply with the applicable reporting requirements of FATCA (including those contained in Section 1471(b) or 1472(b) of the Code, as applicable), such Lender shall deliver to the Borrower and the Administrative

 

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Agent at the time or times prescribed by law and at such time or times reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent such documentation prescribed by applicable law (including as prescribed by Section 1471(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Code) and such additional documentation reasonably requested by the Borrower or the Administrative Agent as may be necessary for the Borrower and the Administrative Agent to comply with their obligations under FATCA and to determine that such Lender has complied with such Lender’s obligations under FATCA or to determine the amount to deduct and withhold from such payment. Solely for purposes of this clause (D), “FATCA” shall include any amendments made to FATCA after the date of this Agreement.

(iii) Each Lender agrees that if any form or certification it previously delivered pursuant to this Section 3.01 expires or becomes obsolete or inaccurate in any respect, it shall update such form or certification or promptly notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent in writing of its legal inability to do so.

(f) Treatment of Certain Refunds . Unless required by applicable Laws, at no time shall the Administrative Agent have any obligation to file for or otherwise pursue on behalf of a Lender or the L/C Issuer, or have any obligation to pay to any Lender or the L/C Issuer, any refund of Taxes withheld or deducted from funds paid for the account of such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be. If any Recipient determines, in its sole discretion exercised in good faith, that it has received a refund of any Taxes as to which it has been indemnified by any Loan Party or with respect to which any Loan Party has paid additional amounts pursuant to this Section 3.01 , it shall pay to such Loan Party an amount equal to such refund (but only to the extent of indemnity payments made, or additional amounts paid, by a Loan Party under this Section 3.01 with respect to the Taxes giving rise to such refund), net of all out-of-pocket expenses (including Taxes) incurred by such Recipient, and without interest (other than any interest paid by the relevant Governmental Authority with respect to such refund), provided that such Loan Party, upon the request of the Recipient, agrees to repay the amount paid over to the such Loan Party (plus any penalties, interest or other charges imposed by the relevant Governmental Authority) to the Recipient in the event the Recipient is required to repay such refund to such Governmental Authority. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this subsection, in no event will the applicable Recipient be required to pay any amount to any Loan Party pursuant to this subsection the payment of which would place the Recipient in a less favorable net after-Tax position than such Recipient would have been in if the Tax subject to indemnification and giving rise to such refund had not been deducted, withheld or otherwise imposed and the indemnification payments or additional amounts with respect to such Tax had never been paid. This subsection shall not be construed to require any Recipient to make available its tax returns (or any other information relating to its taxes that it deems confidential) to any Loan Party or any other Person.

(g) Survival . Each party’s obligations under this Section 3.01 shall survive the resignation or replacement of the Administrative Agent or any assignment of rights by, or the replacement of, a Lender or the L/C Issuer, the termination of the Commitments and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all other Obligations.

 

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3.02 Illegality . If any Lender determines that any Law has made it unlawful, or that any Governmental Authority has asserted that it is unlawful, for any Lender or its Lending Office to make, maintain or fund Revolving Credit Loans whose interest is determined by reference to the Eurodollar Rate, or to determine or charge interest rates based upon the Eurodollar Rate, or any Governmental Authority has imposed material restrictions on the authority of such Lender to purchase or sell, or to take deposits of, Dollars in the London interbank market, then, on notice thereof by such Lender to the Borrower through the Administrative Agent, (i) any obligation of such Lender to make or continue Eurodollar Rate Loans or to convert Base Rate Loans to Eurodollar Rate Loans shall be suspended, and (ii) if such notice asserts the illegality of such Lender making or maintaining Base Rate Loans the interest rate on which is determined by reference to the Eurodollar Rate component of the Base Rate, the interest rate on which Base Rate Loans of such Lender shall, if necessary to avoid such illegality, be determined by the Administrative Agent without reference to the Eurodollar Rate component of the Base Rate, in each case until such Lender notifies the Administrative Agent and the Borrower that the circumstances giving rise to such determination no longer exist. Upon receipt of such notice, (x) the Borrower shall, upon demand from such Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent), prepay or, if applicable, convert all Eurodollar Rate Loans of such Lender to Base Rate Loans (the interest rate on which Base Rate Loans of such Lender shall, if necessary to avoid such illegality, be determined by the Administrative Agent without reference to the Eurodollar Rate component of the Base Rate), either on the last day of the Interest Period therefor, if such Lender may lawfully continue to maintain such Eurodollar Rate Loans to such day, or immediately, if such Lender may not lawfully continue to maintain such Eurodollar Rate Loans and (y) if such notice asserts the illegality of such Lender determining or charging interest rates based upon the Eurodollar Rate, the Administrative Agent shall during the period of such suspension compute the Base Rate applicable to such Lender without reference to the Eurodollar Rate component thereof until the Administrative Agent is advised in writing by such Lender that it is no longer illegal for such Lender to determine or charge interest rates based upon the Eurodollar Rate. Upon any such prepayment or conversion, the Borrower shall also pay accrued interest on the amount so prepaid or converted.

3.03 Inability to Determine Rates . If the Required Lenders determine that for any reason in connection with any request for a Eurodollar Rate Loan or a conversion to or continuation thereof that (a) Dollar deposits are not being offered to banks in the London interbank eurodollar market for the applicable amount and Interest Period of such Eurodollar Rate Loan, (b) adequate and reasonable means do not exist for determining the Eurodollar Rate for any requested Interest Period with respect to a proposed Eurodollar Rate Loan or in connection with an existing or proposed Base Rate Loan, or (c) the Eurodollar Rate for any requested Interest Period with respect to a proposed Eurodollar Rate Loan does not adequately and fairly reflect the cost to such Lenders of funding such Revolving Credit Loan, the Administrative Agent will promptly so notify the Borrower and each Lender. Thereafter, (x) the obligation of the Lenders to make or maintain Eurodollar Rate Loans shall be suspended, and (y) in the event of a determination described in the preceding sentence with respect to the Eurodollar Rate component of the Base Rate, the utilization of the Eurodollar Rate component in determining the Base Rate shall be suspended, in each case until the Administrative Agent (upon the instruction of the Required Lenders) revokes such notice. Upon receipt of such notice, the Borrower may revoke any pending request for a Borrowing of, conversion to or continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans or, failing that, will be deemed to have converted such request into a request for a Borrowing of Base Rate Loans in the amount specified therein.

 

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3.04 Increased Costs; Reserves on Eurodollar Rate Loans .

(a) Increased Costs Generally . If any Change in Law shall:

(i) impose, modify or deem applicable any reserve, special deposit, compulsory loan, insurance charge or similar requirement against assets of, deposits with or for the account of, or credit extended or participated in by, any Lender (except any reserve requirement contemplated by Section 3.04(e) ) or the L/C Issuer;

(ii) subject any Recipient to any Taxes (other than (A) Indemnified Taxes, (B) Taxes described in clauses (b) through (d) of the definition of Excluded Taxes and (C) Connection Income Taxes) on its loans, loan principal, letters of credit, commitments, or other obligations, or its deposits, reserves, other liabilities or capital attributable thereto; or

(iii) impose on any Lender or the L/C Issuer or the London interbank market any other condition, cost or expense affecting this Agreement or Eurodollar Rate Loans made by such Lender or any Letter of Credit or participation therein;

and the result of any of the foregoing shall be to increase the cost to such Lender of making, converting to, continuing or maintaining any Revolving Credit Loan the interest on which is determined by reference to the Eurodollar Rate (or of maintaining its obligation to make any such Revolving Credit Loan), or to increase the cost to such Lender or the L/C Issuer of participating in, issuing or maintaining any Letter of Credit (or of maintaining its obligation to participate in or to issue any Letter of Credit), or to reduce the amount of any sum received or receivable by such Lender or the L/C Issuer hereunder (whether of principal, interest or any other amount) then, upon request of such Lender or the L/C Issuer, the Borrower will pay to such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, for such additional costs incurred or reduction suffered.

(b) Capital Requirements . If any Lender or the L/C Issuer determines that any Change in Law affecting such Lender or the L/C Issuer or any Lending Office of such Lender or such Lender’s or the L/C Issuer’s holding company, if any, regarding capital or liquidity requirements has or would have the effect of reducing the rate of return on such Lender’s or the L/C Issuer’s capital or on the capital of such Lender’s or the L/C Issuer’s holding company, if any, as a consequence of this Agreement, the Commitments of such Lender or the Revolving Credit Loans made by, or participations in Letters of Credit held by, such Lender, or the Letters of Credit issued by the L/C Issuer, to a level below that which such Lender or the L/C Issuer or such Lender’s or the L/C Issuer’s holding company could have achieved but for such Change in Law (taking into consideration such Lender’s or the L/C Issuer’s policies and the policies of such Lender’s or the L/C Issuer’s holding company with respect to capital adequacy), then from time to time the Borrower will pay to such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, such additional amount or amounts as will compensate such Lender or the L/C Issuer or such Lender’s or the L/C Issuer’s holding company for any such reduction suffered.

 

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(c) Certificates for Reimbursement . A certificate of a Lender or the L/C Issuer setting forth the amount or amounts necessary to compensate such Lender or the L/C Issuer or its holding company, as the case may be, as specified in subsection (a)  or (b)  of this Section and delivered to the Borrower shall be conclusive absent manifest error. The Borrower shall pay such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, the amount shown as due on any such certificate within 10 days after receipt thereof.

(d) Delay in Requests . Failure or delay on the part of any Lender or the L/C Issuer to demand compensation pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.04 shall not constitute a waiver of such Lender’s or the L/C Issuer’s right to demand such compensation, provided that the Borrower shall not be required to compensate a Lender or the L/C Issuer pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this Section for any increased costs incurred or reductions suffered more than nine months prior to the date that such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, notifies the Borrower of the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions and of such Lender’s or the L/C Issuer’s intention to claim compensation therefor (except that, if the Change in Law giving rise to such increased costs or reductions is retroactive, then the nine-month period referred to above shall be extended to include the period of retroactive effect thereof).

(e) Reserves on Eurodollar Rate Loans . The Borrower shall pay to each Lender, as long as such Lender shall be required to maintain reserves with respect to liabilities or assets consisting of or including Eurocurrency funds or deposits (currently known as “Eurocurrency liabilities”), additional interest on the unpaid principal amount of each Eurodollar Rate Loan equal to the actual costs of such reserves allocated to such Revolving Credit Loan by such Lender (as determined by such Lender in good faith, which determination shall be conclusive), which shall be due and payable on each date on which interest is payable on such Revolving Credit Loan, provided the Borrower shall have received at least 10 days’ prior notice (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) of such additional interest from such Lender. If a Lender fails to give notice 10 days prior to the relevant Interest Payment Date, such additional interest shall be due and payable 10 days from receipt of such notice.

3.05 Compensation for Losses . Upon demand of any Lender (with a copy to the Administrative Agent) from time to time, the Borrower shall promptly compensate such Lender for and hold such Lender harmless from any loss, cost or expense incurred by it as a result of:

(a) any continuation, conversion, payment or prepayment of any Revolving Credit Loan other than a Base Rate Loan on a day other than the last day of the Interest Period for such Revolving Credit Loan (whether voluntary, mandatory, automatic, by reason of acceleration, or otherwise);

(b) any failure by the Borrower (for a reason other than the failure of such Lender to make a Revolving Credit Loan) to prepay, borrow, continue or convert any Revolving Credit Loan other than a Base Rate Loan on the date or in the amount notified by the Borrower; or

(c) any assignment of a Eurodollar Rate Loan on a day other than the last day of the Interest Period therefor as a result of a request by the Borrower pursuant to Section 11.13 ;

 

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including any any loss or expense arising from the liquidation of funds obtained by it to maintain such Revolving Credit Loan or from fees payable to terminate the deposits from which such funds were obtained, but excluding lost profit or consequential damages. The Borrower shall also pay any customary administrative fees charged by such Lender in connection with the foregoing.

For purposes of calculating amounts payable by the Borrower to the Lenders under this Section 3.05 , each Lender shall be deemed to have funded each Eurodollar Rate Loan made by it at the Eurodollar Rate for such Revolving Credit Loan by a matching deposit or other borrowing in the London interbank eurodollar market for a comparable amount and for a comparable period, whether or not such Eurodollar Rate Loan was in fact so funded.

3.06 Mitigation Obligations; Replacement of Lenders .

(a) Designation of a Different Lending Office . If any Lender requests compensation under Section 3.04 , or requires the Borrower to pay any Indemnified Taxes or additional amounts to any Lender, the L/C Issuer, or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender or the L/C Issuer pursuant to Section 3.01 , or if any Lender gives a notice pursuant to Section 3.02 , then at the request of the Borrower such Lender or the L/C Issuer shall, as applicable, use reasonable efforts to designate a different Lending Office for funding or booking its Revolving Credit Loans hereunder or to assign its rights and obligations hereunder to another of its offices, branches or affiliates, if, in the judgment of such Lender or the L/C Issuer, such designation or assignment (i) would eliminate or reduce amounts payable pursuant to Section 3.01 or 3.04 , as the case may be, in the future, or eliminate the need for the notice pursuant to Section 3.02 , as applicable, and (ii) in each case, would not subject such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be, to any unreimbursed cost or expense and would not otherwise be disadvantageous to such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as the case may be. The Borrower hereby agrees to pay all reasonable costs and expenses incurred by any Lender or the L/C Issuer in connection with any such designation or assignment.

(b) Replacement of Lenders . If any Lender requests compensation under Section 3.04 , or if the Borrower is required to pay any Indemnified Taxes or additional amounts to any Lender or any Governmental Authority for the account of any Lender pursuant to Section 3.01 and, in each case, such Lender has declined or is unable to designate a different lending office in accordance with Section 3.06(a) , the Borrower may replace such Lender in accordance with Section 11.13 .

3.07 Survival . All of the Borrower’s obligations under this Article III shall survive termination of the Aggregate Commitments, repayment of all other Obligations hereunder, and resignation of the Administrative Agent.

 

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ARTICLE IV. CONDITIONS PRECEDENT TO CREDIT EXTENSIONS

4.01 Conditions of Initial Credit Extension . The effectiveness of this Agreement and the obligation of the L/C Issuer and each Lender to make its initial Credit Extension hereunder is subject to satisfaction of the following conditions precedent:

(a) The Administrative Agent’s receipt of the following, each of which shall be originals or telecopies (followed promptly by originals) unless otherwise specified, each properly executed by a Responsible Officer of the signing Loan Party, each dated the Closing Date (or, in the case of certificates of governmental officials, a recent date before the Closing Date) and each in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and each of the Lenders:

(i) executed counterparts of this Agreement, sufficient in number for distribution to the Administrative Agent, each Lender and the Borrower;

(ii) a Note executed by the Borrower in favor of each Lender requesting a Note;

(iii) the Pledge Agreement, duly executed by the applicable Loan Parties, together with:

(A) certificates or instruments representing the Certificated Securities (as defined in the Pledge Agreement) accompanied by all endorsements and/or powers required by the Pledge Agreement,

(B) evidence that all proper financing statements have been or contemporaneously therewith will be duly filed under the Uniform Commercial Code of all jurisdictions that the Administrative Agent reasonably may deem necessary or desirable in order to perfect the Liens created under the Pledge Agreement, covering the Collateral described in the Pledge Agreement,

(C) completed requests for information listing all effective financing statements filed in the jurisdictions referred to in clause (B) above that name any Loan Party as debtor, together with copies of such other financing statements, and

(D) a Perfection Certificate duly executed by the Parent;

(iv) such certificates of resolutions or other action, incumbency certificates and/or other certificates of Responsible Officers of each Loan Party as the Administrative Agent may require evidencing the identity, authority and capacity of each Responsible Officer thereof authorized to act as a Responsible Officer in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents to which such Loan Party is a party;

(v) such documents and certifications as the Administrative Agent may reasonably require to evidence that each Loan Party is duly organized or formed, and that each Loan Party is validly existing, in good standing and qualified to engage in business in (A) its jurisdiction of organization and (B) each jurisdiction where its ownership, lease or operation of properties or the conduct of its business requires such qualification, except to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

(vi) intentionally omitted;

 

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(vii) a favorable opinion of Hunton & Williams LLP, counsel to the Loan Parties, addressed to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, as to the matters concerning the Loan Parties and the Loan Documents as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request;

(viii) a certificate of a Responsible Officer of each Loan Party either (A) attaching copies of all consents, licenses and approvals required in connection with the execution, delivery and performance by such Loan Party and the validity against such Loan Party of the Loan Documents to which it is a party, and such consents, licenses and approvals shall be in full force and effect, or (B) stating that no such consents, licenses or approvals are so required;

(ix) a certificate signed by a Responsible Officer of the Borrower (x) certifying that (A) the conditions specified in this Section 4.01 have been satisfied (other than those conditions contingent upon the satisfaction of the Administrative Agent and/or the Lenders with respect to certain items received by them under this Section 4.01), (B) that there has been no event or circumstance since September 30, 2012 that has had or would be reasonably expected to have, either individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect and (C) no action, suit, investigation or proceeding is pending or, to the knowledge of any Loan Party, threatened in any court or before any arbitrator or Governmental Authority that (1) relates to this Agreement or any other Loan Document, or any of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, or (2) would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and (y) attaching copies of the operating agreements, partnership agreements or other applicable organizational documents of each Person (other than a Loan Party) whose Equity Interests are included in the Collateral, which organizational documents shall (1) in the reasonable opinion of the Administrative Agent, permit the Administrative Agent to realize on such Collateral upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default and (2) otherwise be in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent;

(x) a Solvency Certificate from the Parent certifying that, after giving effect to the transactions to occur on the Closing Date (including, without limitation, all Credit Extensions to occur on the Closing Date), each Loan Party is, individually and together with its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, Solvent;

(xi) a Compliance Certificate, giving pro forma effect to the transactions to occur on the Closing Date (including, without limitation, all Credit Extensions to occur on the Closing Date)(such Compliance Certificate, the “ Pro Forma Closing Date Compliance Certificate ”);

(xii) the financial statements referenced in Sections 5.05(a) ; and

(xiii) such other assurances, certificates, documents, consents or opinions as the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer, the Arranger or the Required Lenders reasonably may require.

 

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(b) Any fees required hereunder or under the Fee Letter to be paid on or before the Closing Date shall have been paid.

(c) Completion of all due diligence with respect to the Borrower, Guarantors, Investment Assets and Collateral in scope and determination satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, the Arranger and Lenders in their sole discretion;

(d) Unless waived by the Administrative Agent, the Borrower shall have paid all fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent (directly to such counsel if requested by the Administrative Agent) to the extent invoiced (which invoice may be in summary form) prior to or on the Closing Date, plus such additional amounts of such fees, charges and disbursements as shall constitute its reasonable estimate of such fees, charges and disbursements incurred or to be incurred by it through the closing proceedings ( provided that such estimate shall not thereafter preclude a final settling of accounts between the Borrower and the Administrative Agent).

(e) The representations and warranties of the Borrower and each other Loan Party contained in Article V or any other Loan Document, or which are contained in any document furnished at any time under or in connection herewith or therewith, shall be true and correct as of the Closing Date (except to the extent any such representation or warranty only speaks of a different date).

(f) No Default shall exist, or would result from the making of any Credit Extension on the proposed Closing Date or from the application of the proceeds thereof.

Without limiting the generality of the provisions of the last paragraph of Section 9.03 , for purposes of determining compliance with the conditions specified in this Section 4.01 , each Lender that has signed this Agreement shall be deemed to have consented to, approved or accepted or to be satisfied with, each document or other matter required thereunder to be consented to or approved by or acceptable or satisfactory to a Lender unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice from such Lender prior to the proposed Closing Date specifying its objection thereto.

4.02 Conditions to all Credit Extensions . The obligation of each Lender to honor any Request for Credit Extension (other than a Loan Notice requesting only a conversion of Revolving Credit Loans to the other Type, or a continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans) is subject to the following conditions precedent:

(a) The representations and warranties of the Borrower and each other Loan Party contained in Article V or any other Loan Document, or which are contained in any document furnished at any time under or in connection herewith or therewith, shall be true and correct on and as of the date of such Credit Extension, except (i) to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, in which case they shall be true and correct in all material respects as of such earlier date, (ii) any representation or warranty that is already by its terms qualified as to “materiality”, “Material Adverse Effect” or similar language shall be true and correct in all respects as of such date after giving effect to such qualification and (iii) for purposes of this Section 4.02 , the representation and warranty contained in subsection (a) of

 

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Section 5.05 shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of Section 6.01 (except, if the most recent statements were furnished pursuant to Section 6.01(a) , the qualification in Section 5.05(a) as to the absence of footnotes and normal year-end audit adjustments shall not apply to such statements).

(b) No Default shall exist, or would result from, such proposed Credit Extension or from the application of the proceeds thereof.

(c) The Administrative Agent and, if applicable, the L/C Issuer shall have received a Request for Credit Extension in accordance with the requirements hereof.

(d) After giving effect to the proposed Credit Extension, Availability shall be greater than or equal to $0.

(e) With respect to the initial Credit Extension, the Administrative Agent shall have received evidence reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent that at the time of the initial Credit Extension (A) the total number of Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is not less than 800 and (B) the aggregate Investment Property Values of all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is not less than $100,000,000.

(f) With respect to the initial Credit Extension, the Administrative Agent shall have received an Availability Certificate, together with the information contemplated in clauses (i) through (ix) of Section 6.02(h) .

(g) With respect to the initial Credit Extension, the Administrative Agent shall have received evidence that all insurance required to be maintained pursuant to the Loan Documents has been obtained and is in effect (and the amount, types and terms and conditions of all such insurance shall be satisfactory to the Administrative Agent), together with the certificates of insurance and endorsements, naming the Administrative Agent, on behalf of the Secured Parties, as an additional insured under each policy of liability insurance maintained with respect to each Initial Eligible Investment Property.

(h) The initial Credit Extension hereunder shall have occurred on or prior to March 19, 2013.

Each Request for Credit Extension (other than a Loan Notice requesting only a conversion of Revolving Credit Loans to the other Type or a continuation of Eurodollar Rate Loans) submitted by the Borrower shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty that the conditions specified in Sections 4.02(a) , (b)  and (d)  have been satisfied on and as of the date of the applicable Credit Extension.

 

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ARTICLE V. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES

Each Loan Party represents and warrants to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that:

5.01 Existence, Qualification and Power . Each Loan Party and each Subsidiary thereof (a) is duly organized or formed, validly existing and, as applicable, in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation or organization, (b) has all requisite power and authority and all requisite governmental licenses, authorizations, consents and approvals to (i) own or lease its assets and carry on its business and (ii) execute, deliver and perform its obligations under the Loan Documents to which it is a party, and (c) is duly qualified and is licensed and, as applicable, in good standing under the Laws of each jurisdiction where its ownership, lease or operation of properties or the conduct of its business requires such qualification or license; except in each case referred to in clause (b)(i) or (c) , to the extent that failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

5.02 Authorization; No Contravention . The execution, delivery and performance by each Loan Party of each Loan Document to which such Person is party, have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other organizational action, and do not and will not (a) contravene the terms of any of such Person’s Organization Documents; (b) conflict with or result in any breach or contravention of, or the creation of any Lien under, or require any payment to be made under (i) any Contractual Obligation to which such Person is a party or affecting such Person or the properties of such Person or any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) any order, injunction, writ or decree of any Governmental Authority or any arbitral award to which such Person or its property is subject; or (c) violate any Law.

5.03 Governmental Authorization; Other Consents . No approval, consent, exemption, authorization, or other action by, or notice to, or filing with, any Governmental Authority or any other Person is necessary or required in connection with (a) the execution, delivery or performance by, or enforcement against, any Loan Party of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (b) the grant by any Loan Party of the Liens granted by it pursuant to the Collateral Documents, (c) except for the filing of UCC financing statements, the perfection or maintenance of the Liens created under the Collateral Documents (including the first priority nature thereof) or (d) the exercise by the Administrative Agent or any Lender of its rights under the Loan Documents or the remedies in respect of the Collateral pursuant to the Collateral Documents.

5.04 Binding Effect . This Agreement has been, and each other Loan Document, when delivered hereunder, will have been, duly executed and delivered by each Loan Party that is party thereto. This Agreement constitutes, and each other Loan Document when so delivered will constitute, a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Loan Party, enforceable against each Loan Party that is party thereto in accordance with its terms.

5.05 Financial Statements; No Material Adverse Effect .

(a) The Historical Financial Statements (i) were prepared in accordance with GAAP consistently applied throughout the period covered thereby, except as otherwise expressly noted therein, (ii) fairly present in all material respects the financial condition of the Consolidated Group as of the date thereof and their results of operations for the period covered thereby, subject, in the case of clauses (i)  and (ii) , to the absence of footnotes and to normal year-end audit adjustments and (iii) show all material indebtedness and other liabilities, direct or contingent, of the Consolidated Group as of the date thereof, including liabilities for taxes, material commitments and Indebtedness.

 

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(b) Since the date of the Historical Financial Statements, there has been no event or circumstance, either individually or in the aggregate, that has had or would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

(c) The consolidated forecasted balance sheet and statements of income and cash flows of the Consolidated Group delivered pursuant to Section 6.01(c) were prepared in good faith on the basis of the assumptions stated therein, which assumptions were fair in light of the conditions existing at the time of delivery of such forecasts, and represented, at the time of delivery, the Parent’s best estimate of its future financial condition and performance.

5.06 Litigation . There are no actions, suits, proceedings, claims or disputes pending or, to the knowledge of any Loan Party after due and diligent investigation, threatened or contemplated, at law, in equity, in arbitration or before any Governmental Authority, by or against any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries or against any of their properties or revenues that (a) purport to affect or pertain to this Agreement or any other Loan Document, or any of the transactions contemplated hereby, or (b) either individually or in the aggregate , if determined adversely, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

5.07 No Default . Neither any Loan Party nor any Subsidiary thereof is in default under or with respect to any Contractual Obligation that could, either individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. No Default has occurred and is continuing or would result from the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or any other Loan Document.

5.08 Ownership of Property; Liens . Each Loan Party and each of its Subsidiaries has good record and marketable title in fee simple to, or valid leasehold interests in, all real property necessary or used in the ordinary conduct of its business, except for such defects in title as could not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The property of each Loan Party and its Subsidiaries is subject to no Liens, other than Liens permitted by Section 7.01 .

5.09 Environmental Compliance . To the Loan Parties’ knowledge:

(a) None of the properties currently or formerly owned or operated by any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries is listed or proposed for listing on the NPL or on the CERCLIS or any analogous foreign, state or local list or is adjacent to any such property; there are no and never have been any underground or above-ground storage tanks or any surface impoundments, septic tanks, pits, sumps or lagoons in which Hazardous Materials are being or have been treated, stored or disposed on any property currently owned or operated by any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries or, to the best of the knowledge of the Loan Parties, on any property formerly owned or operated by any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries; there is no asbestos or asbestos-containing material on any property currently owned or operated by any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries; and Hazardous Materials have not been released, discharged or disposed of on any property currently or formerly owned or operated by any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries.

(b) Neither any Loan Party nor any of its Subsidiaries is undertaking, and has not completed, either individually or together with other potentially responsible parties, any investigation or assessment or remedial or response action relating to any actual or threatened release, discharge or disposal of Hazardous Materials at any site, location or operation, either voluntarily or pursuant to the order of any Governmental Authority or the requirements of any Environmental Law; and all Hazardous Materials generated, used, treated, handled or stored at, or transported to or from, any property currently or formerly owned or operated by any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries have been disposed of in a manner not reasonably expected to result in material liability to any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries.

 

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5.10 Insurance . The properties of the Parent and its Subsidiaries are insured with one or more Third Party Insurance Companies and/or pursuant Permitted Self Insurance, in such amounts, with such deductibles and covering such risks as are customarily carried by companies engaged in similar businesses and owning similar properties in localities where the Parent or the applicable Subsidiary operates.

5.11 Taxes . The Parent and each of its Subsidiaries have filed all Federal, state and other material tax returns and reports required to be filed, and have paid all Federal, state and other material taxes, assessments, fees and other governmental charges levied or imposed upon them or their properties, income or assets otherwise due and payable, except those which are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and for which adequate reserves have been provided in accordance with GAAP. There is no proposed tax assessment against the Parent or any Subsidiary thereof that would, if made, have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither any Loan Party nor any Subsidiary thereof is party to any tax sharing agreement.

5.12 ERISA Compliance .

(a) Each Plan is in compliance in all material respects with the applicable provisions of ERISA, the Code and other Federal or state laws. Each Pension Plan that is intended to be a qualified plan under Section 401(a) of the Code has received a favorable determination letter from the Internal Revenue Service to the effect that the form of such Plan is qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code and the trust related thereto has been determined by the Internal Revenue Service to be exempt from federal income tax under Section 501(a) of the Code, or an application for such a letter is currently being processed by the Internal Revenue Service. To the best knowledge of each Loan Party, nothing has occurred that would prevent or cause the loss of such tax-qualified status.

(b) There are no pending or, to the best knowledge of each Party, threatened claims, actions or lawsuits, or action by any Governmental Authority, with respect to any Plan that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. There has been no prohibited transaction or violation of the fiduciary responsibility rules with respect to any Plan that has resulted or would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect.

(c) (i) No ERISA Event has occurred, and neither any Loan Party nor any ERISA Affiliate is aware of any fact, event or circumstance that would reasonably be expected to constitute or result in an ERISA Event with respect to any Pension Plan; (ii) each Loan Party and

 

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each ERISA Affiliate has met all applicable requirements under the Pension Funding Rules in respect of each Pension Plan, and no waiver of the minimum funding standards under the Pension Funding Rules has been applied for or obtained; (iii) as of the most recent valuation date for any Pension Plan, the funding target attainment percentage (as defined in Section 430(d)(2) of the Code) is 60% or higher and neither any Loan Party nor any ERISA Affiliate knows of any facts or circumstances that could reasonably be expected to cause the funding target attainment percentage for any such plan to drop below 60% as of the most recent valuation date; (iv) neither any Loan Party nor any ERISA Affiliate has incurred any liability to the PBGC other than for the payment of premiums, and there are no premium payments which have become due that are unpaid; (v) neither any Loan Party nor any ERISA Affiliate has engaged in a transaction that could be subject to Section 4069 or Section 4212(c) of ERISA; and (vi) no Pension Plan has been terminated by the plan administrator thereof nor by the PBGC, and no event or circumstance has occurred or exists that could reasonably be expected to cause the PBGC to institute proceedings under Title IV of ERISA to terminate any Pension Plan.

(d) Neither the Borrower or any ERISA Affiliate maintains or contributes to, or has any unsatisfied obligation to contribute to, or liability under, any active or terminated Pension Plan other than (A) on the Closing Date, those listed on Schedule 5.12(d) hereto and (B) thereafter, Pension Plans not otherwise prohibited by this Agreement.

5.13 Subsidiaries; Equity Interests . As of the Closing Date, no Loan Party has any Subsidiaries other than as specifically disclosed in Part (a) of Schedule 5.13 , and all of the outstanding Equity Interests in such Subsidiaries have been validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and are owned by a Loan Party or a Subsidiary thereof in the amounts specified on Part (a) of Schedule 5.13 free and clear of all Liens other than Liens permitted to exist under Section 7.01(a) . All of the outstanding Equity Interests in each Loan Party have been validly issued and are fully paid and nonassessable. Set forth on Part (b) of Schedule 5.13 is a complete and accurate list of all Loan Parties, showing as of the Closing Date (as to each Loan Party) the jurisdiction of its incorporation and the address of its principal place of business. As of the Closing Date, the copy of the charter of each Loan Party and each amendment thereto provided pursuant to subsection (a)(iv) of Section 4.01 is a true and correct copy of each such document, each of which is valid and in full force and effect.

5.14 Margin Regulations; Investment Company Act .

(a) Such Loan Party is not engaged and will not engage, principally or as one of its important activities, in the business of purchasing or carrying margin stock (within the meaning of Regulation U issued by the FRB), or extending credit for the purpose of purchasing or carrying margin stock. Following the application of the proceeds of each Borrowing or drawing under each Letter of Credit, not more than 25% of the value of the assets (either of such Loan Party only or of the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis) subject to the provisions of Section 7.01 or Section 7.05 or subject to any restriction contained in any agreement or instrument between such Loan Party and any Lender or any Affiliate of any Lender relating to Indebtedness and within the scope of Section 8.01(e) will be margin stock.

(b) None of the Parent, any Person Controlling the Parent, or any Subsidiary of the Parent is or is required to be registered as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940.

 

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5.15 Disclosure . Each Loan Party has disclosed to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders all agreements, instruments and corporate or other restrictions to which it or any of its Subsidiaries is subject, and all other matters known to it, that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect. No report, financial statement, certificate or other information furnished (whether in writing or orally) by or on behalf of any Loan Party to the Administrative Agent or any Lender in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby and the negotiation of this Agreement or delivered hereunder or under any other Loan Document (in each case, as modified or supplemented by other information so furnished) contains any material misstatement of fact or omits to state any material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; provided that, with respect to projected financial information, each Loan Party represents only that such information was prepared in good faith based upon assumptions believed to be reasonable at the time.

5.16 Compliance with Laws . Each Loan Party and each Subsidiary thereof is in compliance in all material respects with the requirements of all Laws and all orders, writs, injunctions and decrees applicable to it or to its properties, except in such instances in which (a) such requirement of Law or order, writ, injunction or decree is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted or (b) the failure to comply therewith, either individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

5.17 Taxpayer Identification Number . Each Loan Party’s true and correct U.S. taxpayer identification number (or the equivalent thereof, in the case of a Loan Party that is not organized under the laws of the United States, any State thereof or the District of Columbia) is set forth on Schedule 11.02 (or, in the case of a Subsidiary that becomes a Loan Party after the Closing Date, is set forth in the information provided to the Administrative Agent with respect to such Subsidiary pursuant to Section 6.12(b) ).

5.18 Intellectual Property; Licenses, Etc . The Parent and its Subsidiaries own, or possess the right to use, all of the trademarks, service marks, trade names, copyrights, patents, patent rights, franchises, licenses and other intellectual property rights (collectively, “ IP Rights ”) that are reasonably necessary for the operation of their respective businesses, without conflict with the rights of any other Person. To the best knowledge of the Loan Parties, no slogan or other advertising device, product, process, method, substance, part or other material now employed, or now contemplated to be employed, by any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof infringes upon any rights held by any other Person. No claim or litigation regarding any of the foregoing is pending or, to the best knowledge of any Loan Party, threatened, which, either individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

5.19 OFAC . No Loan Party, nor any Related Party, (i) is currently the subject of any Sanctions, (ii) is located, organized or residing in any Designated Jurisdiction, or (iii) is or has

 

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been (within the previous five (5) years) engaged in any transaction with any Person who is now or was then the subject of Sanctions or who is located, organized or residing in any Designated Jurisdiction. No Revolving Credit Loan, nor the proceeds from any Revolving Credit Loan, has been used, directly or indirectly, to lend, contribute, provide or has otherwise made available to fund any activity or business in any Designated Jurisdiction or to fund any activity or business of any Person located, organized or residing in any Designated Jurisdiction or who is the subject of any Sanctions, or in any other manner that will result in any violation by any Person (including any Lender, the Arranger, the Administrative Agent or the L/C Issuer) of Sanctions.

5.20 Solvency . Each Loan Party is, individually and together with its Subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, Solvent.

5.21 Casualty, Etc . Neither the businesses nor the properties of any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries are affected by any fire, explosion, accident, strike, lockout or other labor dispute, drought, storm, hail, earthquake, embargo, act of God or of the public enemy or other casualty (whether or not covered by insurance) that, either individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

5.22 Labor Matters .

There are no collective bargaining agreements or Multiemployer Plans covering the employees of the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries as of the Closing Date and neither the Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries has suffered any strikes, walkouts, work stoppages or other material labor difficulty within the last five years.

5.23 Collateral Documents . The provisions of the Collateral Documents are effective to create in favor of the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties a legal, valid and enforceable first priority Lien (subject to Liens permitted by Section 7.01 ) on all right, title and interest of the respective Loan Parties in the Collateral described therein. Except for filings completed prior to the Closing Date and as contemplated hereby and by the Collateral Documents, no filing or other action will be necessary to perfect or protect such Liens.

5.24 REIT Status; Stock Exchange Listing .

(a) Commencing with the REIT’s initial taxable year ending December 31, 2012, the Parent has been organized and has operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT.

(b) At all times on and after the date, if any, of the Borrower’s delivery of an Extension Notice pursuant to Section 2.13 (or, if earlier, on and after the first date on which any common Equity Interests of the Parent are listed on the New York Stock Exchange or The NASDAQ Stock Market), at least one class of common Equity Interests of the Parent is listed on the New York Stock Exchange or The NASDAQ Stock Market.

5.25 Subsidiary Guarantors . On the Closing Date, each Subsidiary of the Borrower (other than an Excluded Subsidiary listed on Schedule II ) is a Subsidiary Guarantor.

 

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ARTICLE VI. AFFIRMATIVE COVENANTS

So long as any Lender shall have any Commitment hereunder, any Revolving Credit Loan or other Obligation hereunder shall remain unpaid or unsatisfied, or any Letter of Credit shall remain outstanding, each Loan Party shall, and shall (except in the case of the covenants set forth in Sections 6.01 , 6.02 , 6.03 , 6.11, 6.12, 6.15, 6.16 and 6.17 ) cause each Subsidiary thereof to:

6.01 Financial Statements . Deliver to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, in form and detail satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders:

(a) as soon as available, but in any event within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Parent (or, if earlier, 15 days after the date required to be filed with the SEC (without giving effect to any extension permitted by the SEC)) (commencing with the fiscal year ending December 31, 2012, a consolidated balance sheet of the Consolidated Group as at the end of such fiscal year, and the related consolidated statements of income or operations, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for such fiscal year, setting forth in each case in comparative form the figures for the previous fiscal year, all in reasonable detail and prepared in accordance with GAAP, audited and accompanied by a report and opinion of an independent certified public accountant of nationally recognized standing reasonably acceptable to the Required Lenders, which report and opinion shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and shall not be subject to any “going concern” or like qualification or exception or any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit; and

(b) as soon as available, but in any event within 45 days after the end of each of the first three fiscal quarters of each fiscal year of the Parent (or, if earlier, 5 days after the date required to be filed with the SEC) (commencing with the fiscal quarter ending March 31, 2013), a consolidated balance sheet of the Consolidated Group as at the end of such fiscal quarter, the related consolidated statements of income or operations for such fiscal quarter and for the portion of the Parent’s fiscal year then ended, and the related consolidated statements of changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for the portion of the Parent’s fiscal year then ended, in each case setting forth in comparative form, as applicable, the figures for the corresponding fiscal quarter of the previous fiscal year and the corresponding portion of the previous fiscal year, all in reasonable detail, certified by the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, treasurer or controller of the Parent as fairly presenting the financial condition, results of operations, shareholders’ equity and cash flows of the Consolidated Group in accordance with GAAP, subject only to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes; and

(c) as soon as available, but in any event at least 15 days before the end of each fiscal year of the Parent, forecasts prepared by management of the Parent, in form satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders, of consolidated balance sheets and statements of income or operations and cash flows of the Consolidated Group on a monthly basis for the immediately following fiscal year (including the fiscal year in which the Maturity Date occurs);

(d) as soon as available, and no later than thirty (30) days after the last day of each fiscal month of the Parent, a rent roll schedule that includes a separate reference to each Leased Investment Property, each Eligible Unleased Investment Property and each NNN Leased

 

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Investment Property included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount at such time, which rent roll schedule shall be certified by the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, treasurer or controller of the Parent as being true and correct in all material respects; and

(e) as soon as available, but in any event within 90 days after the Closing Date (or such later date as agreed to in writing by the Administrative Agent), a consolidated balance sheet of the Consolidated Group as at September 30, 2012, and the related consolidated statements of income or operations, changes in shareholders’ equity, and cash flows for such fiscal year, all in reasonable detail and prepared in accordance with GAAP, audited and accompanied by a report and opinion of Ernst & Young, or such other independent certified public accounting firm of nationally recognized standing reasonably acceptable to the Required Lenders, which report and opinion shall be prepared in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards and shall not be subject to any “going concern” or like qualification or exception or any qualification or exception as to the scope of such audit.

As to any information contained in materials furnished pursuant to Section 6.02(d) , the Loan Parties shall not be separately required to furnish such information under subsection (a)  or (b)  above, but the foregoing shall not be in derogation of the obligation of the Loan Parties to furnish the information and materials described in subsections (a)  and (b)  above at the times specified therein.

6.02 Certificates; Other Information . Deliver to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, in form and detail satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the Required Lenders:

(a) concurrently with the delivery of the financial statements referred to in Section 6.01(a) , a certificate of its independent certified public accountants certifying such financial statements and stating that in making the examination necessary therefor no knowledge was obtained of any Default under the financial covenants set forth herein or, if any such Default shall exist, stating the nature and status of such event;

(b) concurrently with the delivery of the financial statements referred to in Sections 6.01(a) and (b)  (commencing with the delivery of the financial statements for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2012) , a duly completed Compliance Certificate signed by the chief executive officer, chief financial officer, treasurer or controller of the Parent (which delivery may, unless the Administrative Agent, or a Lender requests executed originals, be by electronic communication including fax or email and shall be deemed to be an original authentic counterpart thereof for all purposes);

(c) promptly after any request by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, copies of any detailed audit reports, management letters or recommendations submitted to the board of directors (or similar governing body) (or the audit committee of the board of directors or similar governing body) of any Loan Party by independent accountants in connection with the accounts or books of any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries, or any audit of any of them;

(d) promptly after the same are available, (x) copies of each annual report, proxy or financial statement or other report or communication sent to the stockholders or other equityholders of the Parent, (y) copies of each annual report, proxy, financial statement or other

 

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financial report sent to the limited partners of the Borrower, and (z) copies of all annual, regular, periodic and special reports and registration statements which any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof files with the SEC under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or with any national securities exchange, and in any case not otherwise required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent pursuant hereto;

(e) promptly after the furnishing thereof, copies of any statement or report furnished to any holder of debt securities of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof pursuant to the terms of any indenture, loan or credit or similar agreement and not otherwise required to be furnished to the Lenders pursuant to Section 6.01 or any other clause of this Section 6.02 ; provided , that the provisions of this clause (e) shall not apply to any debt securities issued pursuant to an indenture, loan or credit or similar agreement in which the aggregate outstanding principal amount of all debt securities issued under such agreement is less than $10,000,000;

(f) promptly, and in any event within five Business Days after receipt thereof by any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof, copies of each notice or other correspondence received from the SEC (or comparable agency in any applicable non-U.S. jurisdiction) concerning any investigation or possible investigation or other inquiry by such agency regarding financial or other operational results of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof;

(g) promptly after the assertion or occurrence thereof, notice of any action or proceeding against or of any noncompliance by any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries with any Environmental Law or Environmental Permit that would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect;

(h) concurrently with the delivery of the rent roll and operating statement referred to in Section 6.01(d) , or more frequently if requested by the Administrative Agent upon the occurrence and during the continuance of a Default, an Availability Certificate, together with a calculation (certified by a Responsible Officer of the Parent) of (i) the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount at such time from all Eligible Investment Properties located in each individual county as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount at such time, (ii) the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount from Eligible Investment Properties that are not single family detached houses as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount at such time, (iii) the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount at such time from all Eligible Transitional Investment Properties as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount at such time, (iv) the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount at such time from all Short Term Leased Investment Properties as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount at such time, (v) the number of Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount at such time, and the aggregate Investment Property Value of all such Investment Properties, (vi) the aggregate amount of Improvement Costs incurred by the Loan Parties for all Investment Properties that are Eligible Investment Properties at such time as a percentage of the aggregate Purchase Prices for all such Eligible Investment Properties at such time, (vii) the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount at such time from all Investment Properties that are not ARP Managed Investment Properties as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount at such time, (viii) the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount at such time from all Investment Properties that are Legacy Managed Investment Properties as a percentage of the

 

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total Borrowing Base Amount at such time and (ix) the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount at such time from all Investment Properties that are NNN Leased Investment Properties (other than NNN Leased Investment Properties included in the Mack Portfolio) leased to any one lessee or affiliated group of lessees (whether pursuant to one or more than one NNN Lease Agreement) as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount at such time;

(i) as soon as available, but in any event within 30 days after the end of each fiscal year of the Parent, a report summarizing the insurance coverage (specifying type, amount and carrier) in effect for each Loan Party and containing such additional information as the Administrative Agent, or any Lender through the Administrative Agent, may reasonably specify (including certificates of insurance evidencing all such insurance);

(j) promptly, such additional information regarding the business, financial or corporate affairs of the any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof, or compliance with the terms of the Loan Documents, as the Administrative Agent or any Lender may from time to time reasonably request.

Documents required to be delivered pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or (b)  or Section 6.02(d) (to the extent any such documents are included in materials otherwise filed with the SEC) may be delivered electronically and if so delivered, shall be deemed to have been delivered on the date (i) on which the Parent posts such documents, or provides a link thereto on the Parent’s website on the Internet at the website address listed on Schedule 11.02 ; or (ii) on which such documents are posted on the Parent’s behalf on an Internet or intranet website, if any, to which each Lender and the Administrative Agent have access (whether a commercial, third-party website or whether sponsored by the Administrative Agent); provided that: (i) the Parent shall deliver paper copies of such documents to the Administrative Agent or any Lender upon its request to the Parent to deliver such paper copies until a written request to cease delivering paper copies is given by the Administrative Agent or such Lender and (ii) the Parent shall notify the Administrative Agent and each Lender (by facsimile or electronic mail) of the posting of any such documents and provide to the Administrative Agent by electronic mail electronic versions ( i.e. , soft copies) of such documents. The Administrative Agent shall have no obligation to request the delivery of or to maintain paper copies of the documents referred to above, and in any event shall have no responsibility to monitor compliance by the Parent with any such request by a Lender for delivery, and each Lender shall be solely responsible for requesting delivery to it or maintaining its copies of such documents.

Each Loan Party hereby acknowledges that (a) the Administrative Agent and/or the Arranger may, but shall not be obligated to, make available to the Lenders and the L/C Issuer materials and/or information provided by or on behalf of the Parent or the Borrower hereunder (collectively, “ Borrower Materials ”) by posting the Borrower Materials on Debt Domain, IntraLinks, Syndtrak or another similar electronic system (the “ Platform ”) and (b) certain of the Lenders (each, a “ Public Lender ”) may have personnel who do not wish to receive material non-public information with respect to the Parent or its Affiliates, or the respective securities of any of the foregoing, and who may be engaged in investment and other market-related activities with respect to such Persons’ securities. Each Loan Party hereby agrees that (w) all Borrower Materials that are to be made available to Public Lenders shall be clearly and conspicuously

 

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marked “PUBLIC” which, at a minimum, shall mean that the word “PUBLIC” shall appear prominently on the first page thereof; (x) by marking Borrower Materials “PUBLIC,” each Loan Party shall be deemed to have authorized the Administrative Agent, the Arranger, the L/C Issuer and the Lenders to treat such Borrower Materials as not containing any material non-public information with respect to the Loan Parties or their respective securities for purposes of United States Federal and state securities laws ( provided , however , that to the extent such Borrower Materials constitute Information, they shall be treated as set forth in Section  11.07 ); (y) all Borrower Materials marked “PUBLIC” are permitted to be made available through a portion of the Platform designated “Public Side Information;” and (z) the Administrative Agent and the Arranger shall be entitled to treat any Borrower Materials that are not marked “PUBLIC” as being suitable only for posting on a portion of the Platform not designated “Public Side Information.”

6.03 Notices . Promptly notify the Administrative Agent and each Lender:

(a) of the occurrence of any Default;

(b) of any matter that has resulted or would reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Effect, including (i) breach or non-performance of, or any default under, a Contractual Obligation of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof; (ii) any dispute, litigation, investigation, proceeding or suspension between any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof and any Governmental Authority; or (iii) the commencement of, or any material development in, any litigation or proceeding affecting Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof, including pursuant to any applicable Environmental Laws;

(c) of the occurrence of any ERISA Event; and

(d) of any material change in accounting policies or financial reporting practices by any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof, including any determination by the Parent or the Borrower referred to in Section 2.10(b) .

Each notice pursuant to this Section 6.03 shall be accompanied by a statement of a Responsible Officer of the Borrower setting forth details of the occurrence referred to therein and stating what action the Borrower has taken and proposes to take with respect thereto. Each notice pursuant to Section 6.03(a) shall describe with particularity any and all provisions of this Agreement and any other Loan Document that have been breached.

6.04 Payment of Obligations . Pay and discharge all its obligations and liabilities, including (a) all tax liabilities, assessments and governmental charges or levies upon it or its properties or assets prior to the time when any penalty or fine shall be incurred with respect thereto, unless the same are being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted and adequate reserves in accordance with GAAP are being maintained by such Loan Party or such Subsidiary; (b) all lawful claims which, if unpaid, would by law become a Lien upon its property; and (c) all Indebtedness, as and when due and payable, but subject to any subordination provisions contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing such Indebtedness.

 

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6.05 Preservation of Existence, Etc . (a) Preserve, renew and maintain in full force and effect its legal existence and good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization except in a transaction permitted by Section 7.04 or 7.05 ; (b) take all reasonable action to maintain all rights, privileges, permits, licenses and franchises necessary or desirable in the normal conduct of its business, except to the extent that failure to do so would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (c) preserve or renew all of its registered patents, trademarks, trade names and service marks, the non-preservation of which would reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

6.06 Maintenance of Properties . (a) Maintain, preserve and protect, or cause to be maintained, preserved and protected, all of its material properties and equipment necessary in the operation of its business in good working order and condition, ordinary wear and tear excepted; (b) make all necessary repairs thereto and renewals and replacements thereof except where the failure to do so could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect and (c) use the standard of care typical in the industry in the operation and maintenance of its facilities.

6.07 Maintenance of Insurance .

(a) Maintain (or, in the case of NNN Leased Investment Properties, cause to be maintained) with financially sound and reputable insurance companies that are not Affiliates of the Parent and that have a minimum of AM Best Rating A- VII or better (“ Third Party Insurance Companies ”), insurance under a standard fire and extended perils coverage form to include Named Storm and Earthquake as reasonably deemed necessary by the Administrative Agent with respect to its properties and business against loss or damage of the kinds customarily insured against, and in similar fashion as, Persons engaged in the same or similar business, of such types as are customarily carried under similar circumstances by such other Persons and covering not less than 100% of full replacement cost; provided , that the Loan Parties and their Subsidiaries may, with the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent, maintain such insurance under a plan by self-insurance, or a large deductible program, or a captive insurance arrangement (collectively, “ Self-Insurance ”) instead of with one or more Third Party Insurance Companies if (but only if): (i) Tangible Net Worth exceeds $250,000,000 at the time such Self Insurance arrangement is entered into by any Loan Party or Subsidiary thereof and, subject to the immediately following proviso, at all times that such Self Insurance is maintained, (ii) the Loan Parties’ and their Subsidiaries’ “self insurance” does not at any time exceed a limit of $500,000 and (iii) commercial general liability Self Insurance, if any, shall be no less restrictive than an ISO standard CG 00 01 policy form (any such Self Insurance maintained by a Loan Party or Subsidiary satisfying the requirements of clauses (i) - (iii) being referred to herein as “ Permitted Self Insurance ”); provided , further , that (i) if Tangible Net Worth becomes less than $250,000,000 (but greater than or equal to $200,000,000) on any date during the period in which any Loan Party maintains Self Insurance, the Loan Parties shall, within ninety (90) days from such date, terminate such Self Insurance and cause all such insurance to be provided by one or more Third Party Insurance Company until such time as Tangible Net Worth equals at least $250,000,000 and (ii) if Tangible Net Worth becomes less than $200,000,000 on any date during the period in which any Loan Party maintains Self Insurance, the Loan Parties shall, within ten (10) days from such date (or such longer period as the Administrative Agent may agree), terminate such Self Insurance and cause all such insurance to be provided by one or more Third Party Insurance Company until such time as Tangible Net Worth equals at least $250,000,000.

 

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(b) Cause all liability insurance maintained by a Loan Party with respect to an Eligible Investment Property to (i) provide for not less than 30 days’ (or 10 days in the case of termination for failure to pay premiums) prior notice to the Administrative Agent of termination, lapse or cancellation of such insurance and (ii) name the Administrative Agent as additional insured on behalf of the Secured Parties (which additional insured status shall, in the case of Self Insurance, be provided via endorsement no less restrictive than ISO endorsement CG 20 10 07 04).

(c) Without limiting the foregoing, each Loan Party shall (i) maintain fully paid flood hazard insurance on all or any portion of an Eligible Investment Property that is located in a federally designated flood hazard zone, on such terms and in such amounts as required by The National Flood Insurance Reform Act of 1994 and as otherwise mandated under applicable law, (ii) upon request of the Administrative Agent, furnish to the Administrative Agent evidence of the renewal (and payment of renewal premiums therefor) of all such policies prior to the expiration or lapse thereof, and (iii) furnish to the Administrative Agent prompt written notice of any redesignation of any Eligible Investment Property into or out of a federally designated flood hazard zone.

(d) Each Loan Party shall indemnify, protect, defend and hold each Indemnitee harmless from and against claims (alleged or real), actions, damages, liabilities and expenses (including court costs and reasonable attorneys’ fees) arising out of, relating to or in any manner connected with such Loan Party’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ failure to maintain the policies of insurance required by this Agreement, which indemnity will cover, among other matters, any amount of exposure resulting from: (i) such Loan Party’s or Subsidiary’s election to maintain Self-Insurance for any coverage required by this Agreement, (ii) the deductible amount under any insurance coverage for which such Loan Party or Subsidiary is responsible under this Agreement, (iii) liability in excess of the amount of any insurance coverage for which such Loan Party or Subsidiary is responsible under this Agreement, or (iv) any other uninsured or underinsured liability for which such Loan Party or Subsidiary is responsible under this Agreement.

6.08 Compliance with Laws . Comply in all material respects with the requirements of all Laws and all orders, writs, injunctions and decrees applicable to it or to its business or property, except in such instances in which (a) such requirement of Law or order, writ, injunction or decree is being contested in good faith by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted; or (b) the failure to comply therewith would not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

6.09 Books and Records . (a) Maintain proper books of record and account, in which full, true and correct entries in conformity with GAAP consistently applied shall be made of all financial transactions and matters involving the assets and business of such Loan Party or such Subsidiary, as the case may be; and (b) maintain such books of record and account in material conformity with all applicable requirements of any Governmental Authority having regulatory jurisdiction over such Loan Party or such Subsidiary, as the case may be.

6.10 Inspection Rights . Permit representatives and independent contractors of the Administrative Agent and each Lender to visit and inspect (subject to rights of tenants) any of its

 

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properties, to examine its corporate, financial and operating records, and make copies thereof or abstracts therefrom, and to discuss its affairs, finances and accounts with its directors, officers, and independent public accountants, all at the expense of the Borrower and at such reasonable times during normal business hours and as often as may be reasonably desired, upon reasonable advance notice to the Borrower; provided , however , that when an Event of Default exists the Administrative Agent or any Lender (or any of their respective representatives or independent contractors) may do any of the foregoing at the expense of the Borrower at any time during normal business hours and without advance notice.

6.11 Use of Proceeds . Use the proceeds of the Credit Extensions solely for general corporate purposes, including working capital, the payment of capital expenses, to finance Investment Properties, and to pay fees, costs and expenses incurred by any Loan Party in connection with preparing any Investment Property to be leased (including, without limitation, any fees, costs and expenses incurred in respect of repairs and improvements made to such Investment Property, in identifying one or more tenants to lease such Investment Property, and in activities of the type specified in clauses (i) through (iii) of the definition of “Transitional Investment Property” with respect to any Investment Property), in each case not in contravention of any Law or of any Loan Document.

6.12 Additional Collateral; Additional Guarantors .

(a) Additional Collateral . With respect to (i) any property acquired after the Closing Date that is intended to be Collateral subject to the Lien created by any of the Collateral Documents but is not so subject (including, without limitation, all Equity Interests held by the Operating Partnership, the Borrower or any Subsidiary Guarantor in any newly-formed or acquired Subsidiary (other than an Excluded Pledge Subsidiary) of the Operating Partnership) and/or (ii) all Equity Interests of a Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that ceases to be an Excluded Pledge Subsidiary after the Closing Date, promptly (and in any event within 10 days after the acquisition thereof or the date on which such Subsidiary ceases to be an Excluded Pledge Subsidiary, as applicable) (i) execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent such amendments or supplements to the relevant Collateral Documents or such other documents as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably deem necessary or advisable to grant to the Administrative Agent, for its benefit and for the benefit of the other Secured Parties, a Lien on such property or Equity Interests subject to no Liens other than Liens permitted under Section 7.01(a) , and (ii) take all actions necessary to cause such Lien to be duly perfected in accordance with all applicable Laws, including, without limitation, the delivery of the certificates representing any Equity Interests to be included in the Collateral (together with undated stock powers or other appropriate instruments of transfer executed and delivered in blank by a duly authorized officer of the holder(s) of such Equity Interests) and the filing of financing statements in such jurisdictions as may be reasonably requested by the Administrative Agent. Each Loan Party shall otherwise take such actions and execute and/or deliver to the Administrative Agent such documents as the Administrative Agent shall reasonably require to confirm the validity, perfection and priority of the Lien of the Collateral Documents on any such properties or Equity Interests.

(b) Additional Guarantors . With respect to (i) any Person (other than the Borrower) that is or becomes a Subsidiary (other than an Excluded Subsidiary) of the Operating Partnership

 

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after the Closing Date, and/or (ii) any Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that ceases to be an Excluded Subsidiary after the Closing Date, on or prior to such time that such Person becomes a Subsidiary (other than an Excluded Subsidiary) or ceases to be an Excluded Subsidiary, as applicable, (x) deliver to the Administrative Agent the certificates, if any, representing all of the Equity Interests of such Subsidiary owned by the Loan Parties, together with undated stock powers or other appropriate instruments of transfer executed and delivered in blank by a duly authorized officer of the holder(s) of such Equity Interests and (y) (1) cause such Subsidiary to execute a joinder agreement to the Guaranty in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, (2) cause such Subsidiary to execute a joinder agreement to the Pledge Agreement in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, (3) deliver to the Administrative Agent (A) the items referenced in Section 4.01(a)(iii)(A)-(C) , (iv) , (v) , (viii)  and (ix)(y) with respect to such Subsidiary and (B) a favorable opinion of counsel (which counsel shall be reasonably acceptable to the Administrative Agent), addressed to the Administrative Agent and each Lender, as to such matters concerning Subsidiary and the Loan Documents to which Subsidiary is a party as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request¸ (4) provide the Administrative Agent with the U.S. taxpayer identification for such Subsidiary (or the equivalent thereof, in the event such Subsidiary is not organized under the laws of the United State, any State thereof or the District of Columbia), (5) deliver to the Administrative Agent a Perfection Certificate Supplement, (6) take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable in the opinion of the Administrative Agent to cause the Lien created by the Pledge Agreement to be duly perfected in accordance with all applicable Laws and (7) provide the Administrative Agent and each Lender with all documentation and other information that the Administrative Agent or such Lender requests in order to comply with its obligations under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the Act, and the results of any such “know your customer” or similar investigation conducted by the Administrative Agent or any Lender shall be satisfactory to the Administrative Agent or such Lender in all respects.

6.13 Compliance with Environmental Laws . Comply, and cause all lessees and other Persons operating or occupying its properties to comply, in all material respects, with all applicable Environmental Laws and Environmental Permits; obtain and renew all Environmental Permits necessary for its operations and properties; and conduct any investigation, study, sampling and testing, and undertake any cleanup, removal, remedial or other action necessary to remove and clean up all Hazardous Materials from any of its properties, in accordance with the requirements of all Environmental Laws; provided , however , that neither the Parent nor any of its Subsidiaries shall be required to undertake any such cleanup, removal, remedial or other action to the extent that its obligation to do so is being contested in good faith and by proper proceedings and appropriate reserves are being maintained with respect to such circumstances in accordance with GAAP.

6.14 Further Assurances . Promptly upon request by the Administrative Agent, or any Lender through the Administrative Agent, (a) correct any material defect or error that may be discovered in any Loan Document or in the execution, acknowledgment, filing or recordation thereof, and (b) do, execute, acknowledge, deliver, record, re-record, file, re-file, register and re-register any and all such further acts, deeds, certificates, assurances and other instruments as the Administrative Agent, or any Lender through the Administrative Agent, may reasonably require from time to time in order to (i) carry out more effectively the purposes of the Loan Documents,

 

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(ii) to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, subject any Loan Party’s or any of its Subsidiaries’ properties, assets, rights or interests to the Liens now or hereafter intended to be covered by any of the Collateral Documents, (iii) perfect and maintain the validity, effectiveness and priority of any of the Collateral Documents and any of the Liens intended to be created thereunder and (iv) assure, convey, grant, assign, transfer, preserve, protect and confirm more effectively unto the Secured Parties the rights granted or now or hereafter intended to be granted to the Secured Parties under any Loan Document or under any other instrument executed in connection with any Loan Document to which any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries is or is to be a party, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to do so.

6.15 Maintenance of REIT Status; New York Stock Exchange or NASDAQ Listing .

(a) The Parent will elect to be taxed as a REIT for its taxable year ending December 31, 2012, and will at all times continue to qualify for taxation as a REIT.

(b) The Parent will at all times on and after the date, if any, of the Borrower’s delivery of an Extension Notice pursuant to Section 2.13 (or, if earlier, on and after the first date on which any common Equity Interests of the Parent are listed on the New York Stock Exchange or The NASDAQ Stock Market) cause at least one class of its common Equity Interests to be listed on the New York Stock Exchange or The NASDAQ Stock Market.

6.16 Information Regarding Collateral .

(a) Not effect any change (i) in any Loan Party’s legal name, (ii) in the location of any Loan Party’s chief executive office, (iii) in any Loan Party’s identity or organizational structure, (iv) in any Loan Party’s Federal Taxpayer Identification Number (or equivalent thereof) or organizational identification number, if any, or (v) in any Loan Party’s jurisdiction of organization (in each case, including by merging with or into any other entity, reorganizing, dissolving, liquidating, reorganizing or organizing in any other jurisdiction), until (A) it shall have given the Administrative Agent not less than ten Business Days’ prior written notice (in the form of certificate signed by a Responsible Officer), or such lesser notice period agreed to by the Administrative Agent, of its intention so to do, clearly describing such change and providing such other information in connection therewith as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request and (B) it shall have taken all action reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent to maintain the perfection and priority of the security interest of the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties in the Collateral, if applicable. The Loan Parties hereby agree to promptly provide the Administrative Agent with certified Organization Documents reflecting any of the changes described in the preceding sentence. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else to the contrary contained herein or in any other Loan Document, the Parent, American Residential GP, LLC, the Operating Partnership and the Borrower hereby agrees that it will at all times maintain its jurisdiction of organization as Delaware or one of the other States within the United State of America.

(b) Concurrently with each delivery of financial statements pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or (b) , deliver to the Administrative Agent a Perfection Certificate Supplement and a certificate of a Responsible Officer of the Parent and the chief legal officer of the Parent

 

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certifying that all actions required to be taken under the Collateral Documents to protect and perfect the security interests and Liens under the Collateral Documents for a period of not less than 18 months after the date of such certificate (including without limitation, the filing of all UCC financing statements or other appropriate filings, recordings or registrations, including all refilings, rerecordings and reregistrations, containing a description of the Collateral in each appropriate governmental, municipal or other office) have been taken (except as noted therein with respect to any continuation statements of lien filings to be filed within such period).

6.17 Lien Searches . Promptly following receipt of the acknowledgment copy of any financing statements filed under the Uniform Commercial Code in any jurisdiction by or on behalf of the Secured Parties, deliver to the Administrative Agent completed requests for information listing such financing statement and all other effective financing statements filed in such jurisdiction that name any Loan Party as debtor, together with copies of such other financing statements.

6.18 Material Contracts . Perform and observe all the terms and provisions of each Material Contract to be performed or observed by it, in all material respects, use commercially reasonable efforts to enforce each such Material Contract in accordance with its terms, take all such action to such end as may be from time to time requested by the Administrative Agent and, upon request of the Administrative Agent, make to each other party to each such Material Contract such demands and requests for information and reports or for action as any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries is entitled to make under such Material Contract, and cause each of its Subsidiaries to do so, except, in any case, where the failure to do so, either individually or in the aggregate, could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

6.19 Minimum Amount and Value of Eligible Investment Properties . Upon and at all times following the initial Credit Extension under this Agreement, the Borrower shall cause (i) the total number of Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount to be not less than 800 and (ii) the aggregate Investment Property Values of all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount to be not less than $100,000,000.

ARTICLE VII. NEGATIVE COVENANTS

So long as any Lender shall have any Commitment hereunder, any Revolving Credit Loan or other Obligation hereunder shall remain unpaid or unsatisfied, or any Letter of Credit shall remain outstanding, no Loan Party shall, nor shall it permit any of its Subsidiaries to, directly or indirectly:

7.01 Liens . Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Lien upon any of its property, assets or revenues, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, other than the following:

(a) Liens pursuant to any Loan Document;

(b) Liens existing on the date hereof and listed on Schedule 7.01 ;

 

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(c) Liens for taxes not yet due or which are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted, if adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the applicable Person in accordance with GAAP;

(d) carriers’, warehousemen’s, mechanics’, materialmen’s, repairmen’s or other like Liens arising in the ordinary course of business which are not overdue for a period of more than 30 days or which are being contested in good faith and by appropriate proceedings diligently conducted, if adequate reserves with respect thereto are maintained on the books of the applicable Person;

(e) pledges or deposits in the ordinary course of business in connection with workers’ compensation, unemployment insurance and other social security legislation, other than any Lien imposed by ERISA;

(f) deposits to secure the performance of bids, trade contracts and leases (other than Indebtedness), statutory obligations, surety and appeal bonds, performance bonds and other obligations of a like nature incurred in the ordinary course of business;

(g) easements, rights-of-way, restrictions and other similar encumbrances affecting real property, which do not in any case materially detract from the value of the property subject thereto or materially interfere with the ordinary conduct of the business of the applicable Person;

(h) Liens securing judgments for the payment of money not constituting an Event of Default under Section 8.01(h) ;

(i) Liens securing Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.03(c) ; provided , that (i) such Liens do not at any time encumber any Collateral or any Eligible Investment Property (or any income therefrom or proceeds thereof), (ii) such Liens do not encumber any property other than the property financed by such Indebtedness and any assets, rights or interests related thereto and (iii) the Indebtedness secured thereby does not exceed the cost or fair market value of the property encumbered thereby, whichever is lower;

(j) the rights of tenants under leases and subleases entered into in the ordinary course of business; provided , that (i) such leases and subleases contain market terms and conditions (excluding rent) and (ii) such Liens do not secure any Indebtedness; or

(k) Liens not otherwise permitted under this Section 7.01 encumbering any Investment Property; provided that (i) in the case of any individual Investment Property, the aggregate outstanding amount of all obligations secured by such Liens does not exceed $5,000 at any time and any such Lien is terminated and discharged in full, or fully bonded over, within ninety (90) days after the date such Lien arises and (ii) the aggregate outstanding amount of all obligations secured by all such Liens encumbering Investment Properties does not exceed $50,000 at any time.

provided , that notwithstanding the foregoing clauses of this Section 7.01 , in no event shall (i) any Liens (other than Liens permitted by clauses (a), (c), (d), (g), (j) and (k) of this Section 7.01 ) encumber any of the Eligible Investment Properties (or any income therefrom or proceeds thereof) and (ii) any Liens (other than Liens permitted under clause (a) of this Section 7.01 ) encumber any Collateral (or any income therefrom or proceeds thereof).

 

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7.02 Investments . Make any Investments, except:

(a) Investments held by the Parent and its Subsidiaries in the form of cash or Cash Equivalents;

(b) Investments by (i) any Loan Party or Subsidiary thereof in any Loan Party (other than the Parent) or (ii) any Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party in any other Subsidiary that is not a Loan Party;

(c) Investments received in connection with the bankruptcy or reorganization of, or settlement of delinquent accounts and disputes with, customers and suppliers, in each case in the ordinary course of business;

(d) Investments in any Investment Property owned by the Borrower or a Subsidiary Guarantor,

(e) the purchase or other acquisition of all of the Equity Interests of any Person that owns an Investment Property; provided that such Person becomes a Subsidiary Guarantor to the extent required under the provisions of Section 6.12(b) ;

(f) Investments in Swap Contracts permitted under Section 7.03(b) entered into in the ordinary course of business for the purpose of directly mitigating risks associated with liabilities, commitments, investments, assets or property held or reasonably anticipated by such Person, or changes in the value of securities issued by such Person, and not for purposes of speculation or taking a “market view”; and

(g) Investments consisting of (i) loans and advances made by the Operating Partnership or an Excluded Subsidiary in the ordinary course of business to any Person engaged in the business of purchasing and reselling real estate in order to finance such Person’s activities related to such real estate purchases and resales and (ii) mortgage loans acquired by the Operating Partnership or an Excluded Subsidiary that were originated by one or more third parties to an owner-occupant of residential real estate; provided , that the aggregate outstanding amount of all Investments under subclauses (i) and (ii) of this clause (g) shall not at time exceed 30% of the Total Asset Value at such time;

provided , that notwithstanding the foregoing, in no event shall any Investment pursuant to clause (e) or (g) of this Section 7.02 be consummated if, immediately before or immediately after giving effect thereto, an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing or would result therefrom.

 

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7.03 Indebtedness . Create, incur, assume or suffer to exist any Indebtedness, except:

(a) Indebtedness under the Loan Documents;

(b) obligations (contingent or otherwise) existing or arising under any Swap Contract, provided that (i) such obligations are (or were) entered into by such Person in the ordinary course of business for the purpose of directly mitigating risks associated with fluctuations in interest rates or foreign exchange rates and (ii) such Swap Contract does not contain any provision exonerating the non-defaulting party from its obligation to make payments to the defaulting party on outstanding transactions;

(c) Non-Recourse Indebtedness of the Parent and its Subsidiaries; provided , that:

(i) after giving pro forma effect to the incurrence thereof, the Loan Parties are in compliance with the financial covenants contained in Section 7.11 (which compliance shall, in the case of the financial covenants contained in Sections 7.11(a) and 7.11(c) , be tested as of the last day of the then most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Parent for which financial statements have been provided to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or (b)  and, in the case of the financial covenant contained in Section 7.11(c) , shall be calculated as if such Non-Recourse Indebtedness was incurred on the first day of such fiscal quarter and any Indebtedness retired or repaid in connection therewith had been repaid or retired as of the first day of such fiscal quarter),

(ii) after giving pro forma effect to the incurrence thereof, the aggregate outstanding amount of all Secured Non-Recourse Indebtedness incurred in reliance on this Section 7.03(c) shall not exceed $50,000,000 unless the aggregate Investment Property Value for all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount at such time is at least $300,000,000, and

(iii) the aggregate outstanding amount of Secured Non-Recourse Indebtedness, the proceeds of which are used directly or indirectly to fund Investments of the type described in Section 7.02(g) , shall not at any time exceed 50% of the aggregate outstanding amount of such Investments at such time.

(d) senior unsecured Indebtedness of any of the Loan Parties or Subsidiaries thereof issued to investors pursuant to a private transaction not subject to registration under the Securities Act of 1933; provided , that (i) the aggregate outstanding principal amount of all such Indebtedness shall not at any time exceed $50,000,000, (ii) the Loan Parties, after giving pro forma effect to the incurrence thereof, shall be in compliance with all of the financial covenants set forth in Section 7.11 (which compliance shall, in the case of the financial covenants contained in Sections 7.11(a) and 7.11(c) , be tested as of the last day of the then most recently ended fiscal quarter of the Parent for which financial statements have been provided to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or (b)  and, in the case of the financial covenant contained in Section 7.11(c) , shall be calculated as if such senior unsecured Indebtedness was incurred on the first day of the period of four consecutive fiscal quarters ending on the last day of such fiscal quarter and any Indebtedness retired or repaid in connection

 

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therewith had been repaid or retired as of the first day of such four consecutive fiscal quarter period), (iii) any such Indebtedness does not mature earlier than the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date, (iv) there exists neither immediately prior to or after giving effect to the issuance of such Indebtedness any Default or Event of Default and (v) any such Indebtedness (x) shall not have any cross-defaults to this Agreement or requirements for mandatory prepayments based on a Default under this Agreement; provided that such Indebtedness may, if customary at such time, contain a cross-acceleration to this Agreement or a cross-payment default to this Agreement giving effect to any applicable grace period herein contained therefor and (y) shall not contain covenants or “Events of Default” (or other comparable term) taken as a whole materially more restrictive to the issuer of such Indebtedness or any guarantor thereof than those contained in this Agreement, except such that are reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent; and

(e) intercompany loans and advances to the extent expressly permitted under Section 7.02(b) ; provided that all such intercompany Indebtedness owed by any Loan Party shall be unsecured and subordinated in right of payment to the payment in full of the Obligations pursuant to the terms of any applicable promissory notes or an intercompany subordination agreement, in each case, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to Administrative Agent;

provided , that notwithstanding the foregoing clauses of this Section 7.03 , in no event shall (i) the Parent or any Subsidiary thereof incur any Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness permitted under clause (a) or (c)(ii) of this Section 7.03 ) at any time that the aggregate Investment Property Values for all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is less than $300,000,000 and (ii) any Borrowing Base Loan Party that owns an Eligible Investment Property be an obligor with respect to any Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness permitted under clause (a) or (d) of this Section 7.03 ).

7.04 Fundamental Changes . Merge, dissolve, liquidate, consolidate with or into another Person, or Dispose of (whether in one transaction or in a series of transactions) all or substantially all of its assets (whether now owned or hereafter acquired) to or in favor of any Person, except that, so long as no Default exists or would result therefrom:

(a) any Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership (other than the Borrower) may merge with (i) the Operating Partnership, provided that the Operating Partnership shall be the continuing or surviving Person or (ii) any one or more other Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership (other than the Borrower), provided that if any Subsidiary Guarantor is merging with another Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that is not a Subsidiary Guarantor, the Subsidiary Guarantor party to such merger shall be the continuing or surviving Person;

(b) any Subsidiary of the Borrower may merge with the Borrower, provided that the Borrower shall be the continuing or surviving Person;

(c) any Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership (other than the Borrower) may Dispose of all or substantially all of its assets (upon voluntary liquidation or otherwise) to the Operating Partnership or another Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership; provided that (i) if the transferor in such a transaction is a Subsidiary Guarantor, then the transferee must be the Borrower, the Operating Partnership or a Subsidiary Guarantor and (ii) if the property subject to such Disposition includes any Collateral, then, after giving effect to such Disposition, such property shall continue to constitute Collateral; and

(d) Dispositions permitted by Section 7.05(d) , (e)  or (f)  shall be permitted under this Section 7.04 .

 

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7.05 Dispositions . Make any Disposition or enter into any agreement to make any Disposition, or, in the case of any Subsidiary of the Parent, issue, sell or otherwise dispose of any of such Subsidiary’s Equity Interests to any Person, except:

(a) Dispositions of obsolete or worn out equipment, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, in the ordinary course of business;

(b) Dispositions by any Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership (other than the Borrower) to the Operating Partnership or another Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership; provided that (i) if the transferor is a Subsidiary Guarantor, then the transferee must be the Borrower, the Operating Partnership or a Subsidiary Guarantor and (ii) if the property subject to such Disposition includes any Collateral, then, after giving effect to such Disposition, such property shall continue to constitute Collateral;

(c) Dispositions permitted by Section 7.04(a) or (b) ;

(d) (i) the Disposition of an Investment Property constituting an Eligible Investment Property, but only to the extent that such Investment Property is removed from the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount in accordance with Section 2.17(c) concurrently with such Disposition;

(e) Dispositions of assets (other than Equity Interests of any Subsidiary of the Parent) not constituting an Eligible Investment Property;

(f) the sale or other Disposition of all, but not less than all, of the issued and outstanding Equity Interests of any Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership (other than the Borrower) that does not own (i) any Eligible Investment Property or (ii) Equity Interests, directly or indirectly, of any Borrowing Base Loan Party that owns any Eligible Investment Property; and

(g) the issuance, sale or other Disposition of limited partnership interests of the Operating Partnership as consideration for the purchase by a Subsidiary of the Parent of an Investment Property, but solely to the extent that such issuance, sale or other Disposition does not result in a Change of Control.

7.06 Restricted Payments . Declare or make, directly or indirectly, any Restricted Payment, or incur any obligation (contingent or otherwise) to do so, except that the following shall be permitted:

(a) each Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership may make Restricted Payments pro rata to the holders of its Equity Interests;

 

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(b) the Parent and each Subsidiary thereof may declare and make dividend payments or other distributions payable solely in the common stock or other common Equity Interests of such Person;

(c) (i) the Parent and each Subsidiary thereof may purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire Equity Interests or warrants or options to obtain such Equity Interests issued by it with the proceeds received from the substantially concurrent issue of new shares of its or its direct or indirect parent’s common stock or other common Equity Interests and (ii) the Parent and/or the Operating Partnership may purchase, redeem or otherwise acquire limited partnership interests of the Borrower held by a limited partner thereof in exchange for Equity Interests of the Parent so long as, after giving effect to any such purchase, redemption or other acquisition, a Change of Control does not occur;

(d) the Operating Partnership shall be permitted to declare and pay pro rata dividends on its Equity Interests or make pro rata distributions with respect thereto, in an amount for any fiscal year of the Parent equal to the greater of (i) 95% of Funds From Operations for such fiscal year and (ii) such amount that will result in the Parent receiving the necessary amount of funds required to be distributed to its equityholders in order for the Parent to (x) maintain its status as a REIT for federal and state income tax purposes and (y) avoid the payment of federal or state income or excise tax; provided , however , (1) if an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing or would result therefrom, the Operating Partnership shall only be permitted to declare and pay pro rata dividends on its Equity Interests or make pro rata distributions with respect thereto in an amount that will result in the Parent receiving the minimum amount of funds required to be distributed to its equityholders in order for the Parent to maintain its status as a REIT for federal and state income tax purposes and (2) notwithstanding clause (1) of this proviso, no Restricted Payments shall be permitted under this clause (d) following an acceleration of the Obligations pursuant to Section 8.02 or following the occurrence of an Event of Default under Section 8.01(f) or (g) ; and

(e) the Parent and American Residential GP shall be permitted to make Restricted Payments with any amounts received by them from the Operating Partnership pursuant to Section 7.06(d) .

7.07 Change in Nature of Business . Engage in any material line of business other than (a) the acquisition, ownership, leasing (as lessor), rehabilitation and sale of Investment Properties, (b) making loans to Persons engaged in the business of purchasing and reselling real estate to finance such Persons’ activities related to such real estate purchases and resales and (c) acquiring mortgage loans that were originated by one or more third parties to owner-occupants of residential real estate.

7.08 Transactions with Affiliates . Enter into any transaction of any kind with any Affiliate of the Parent, whether or not in the ordinary course of business, other than on fair and reasonable terms substantially as favorable to the Parent or a Subsidiary thereof as would be obtainable by the Parent or such Subsidiary at the time in a comparable arm’s length transaction with a Person other than an Affiliate; provided that the foregoing restriction shall not apply to (i) transactions between or among the Loan Parties, (ii) transactions between or among Subsidiaries that are not Loan Parties and (iii) Investments and Restricted Payments expressly permitted hereunder.

 

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7.09 Burdensome Agreements . Enter into any Contractual Obligation (other than this Agreement or any other Loan Document) that limits the ability of (i) any Subsidiary to make Restricted Payments to any Borrower or Guarantor or to otherwise transfer property to any Borrower or Guarantor; provided , however , that this clause (i) shall not prohibit any limitation on Restricted Payments by a Subsidiary of the Operating Partnership that is not the Borrower or a Subsidiary Guarantor in favor of any holder of Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.3(c) , (ii) the Parent or any Subsidiary thereof (other than an Excluded Subsidiary) to Guarantee the Obligations or (iii) any Loan Party to create, incur, assume or suffer to exist Liens on property of such Person to secure the Obligations; provided , however , that this clause (iii) shall not prohibit any negative pledge incurred or provided in favor of any holder of Indebtedness permitted under Section 7.03(c) solely to the extent any such negative pledge relates to the property financed by or the subject of such Indebtedness (but in no event shall any such negative pledge relate to (x) any Collateral, (y) any Eligible Investment Property or (z) any Loan Party that owns, directly or indirectly, all or any portion of any Eligible Investment Property (or any direct or indirect parent of such Loan Party).

7.10 Use of Proceeds . Use the proceeds of any Credit Extension, whether directly or indirectly, and whether immediately, incidentally or ultimately, to purchase or carry margin stock (within the meaning of Regulation U of the FRB) or to extend credit to others for the purpose of purchasing or carrying margin stock or to refund indebtedness originally incurred for such purpose.

7.11 Financial Covenants .

(a) Maximum Leverage Ratio . Permit Total Indebtedness to exceed (i) during any period in which the aggregate Investment Property Values for all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is less than $300,000,000, 40% of the Total Asset Value as of the last day of each fiscal quarter of the Parent and (ii) during any period in which the aggregate Investment Property Values for all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is greater than or equal to $300,000,000, 60% of the Total Asset Value as of the last day of each fiscal quarter of the Parent.

(b) Minimum Tangible Net Worth . Permit Tangible Net Worth at any time to be less than the sum of (i) $258,780,000 and (ii) 75% of the Net Cash Proceeds received by the Parent from issuances and sales of Equity Interests of the Parent occurring after the Closing Date (other than any such Net Cash Proceeds received from Subsidiaries of the Parent or in connection with any dividend reinvestment program).

(c) Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio . Permit the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio to be less than (i) 1.00 to 1.00 as of the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Parent ending September 30, 2013, (ii) 1.50 to 1.00 as of the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Parent ending December 31, 2013 and (iii) 1.75 to 1.0 as of the last day of each fiscal quarter of the Parent ending on or after March 31, 2014.

(d) Minimum Liquidity . Permit Unrestricted Cash to be less than (i) $15,000,000 at any time prior to the date of delivery by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent of a Compliance Certificate for the fiscal quarter of the Parent ending March 31, 2014 demonstrating that the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for such fiscal quarter is at least 1.75 to 1.00 and (ii) $10,000,000 at any time thereafter.

 

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7.12 Accounting Changes . Make any change in (a) accounting policies or reporting practices, except as required or permitted by GAAP, or (b) fiscal year.

7.13 Amendment, Waivers and Terminations of Certain Agreements . Directly or indirectly, consent to, approve, authorize or otherwise suffer or permit any amendment, change, cancellation, termination or waiver in any respect of (i) the terms of any Organization Document of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof, other than amendments, changes and modifications that are not adverse in any material respect to the Parent, any of the other Loan Parties, any Subsidiary thereof, the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer or the Lenders or (ii) the terms of any Contractual Obligation of any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof, except as could not reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect.

7.14 Prepayments, Etc. of Indebtedness . Prepay, redeem, purchase, defease or otherwise satisfy prior to the scheduled maturity thereof in any manner any Indebtedness that is subordinated in right of payment to the Obligations.

7.15 Sanctions . Permit any Revolving Credit Loan or the proceeds of any Revolving Credit Loan, directly or indirectly, (i) to be lent, contributed or otherwise made available to fund any activity or business in any Designated Jurisdiction; (ii) to fund any activity or business of any Person located, organized or residing in any Designated Jurisdiction or who is the subject of any Sanctions; or (iii) in any other manner that will result in any violation by any Person (including any Lender, Arranger, Administrative Agent or L/C Issuer) of any Sanctions.

7.16 Subsidiaries of Parent . Permit (i) the Parent to have any Subsidiaries that are directly owned by the Parent, other than the Operating Partnership and American Residential GP or (ii) American Residential GP to own Equity Interests in any Person other than the Operating Partnership.

ARTICLE VIII. EVENTS OF DEFAULT AND REMEDIES

8.01 Events of Default . Any of the following shall constitute an Event of Default:

(a) Non-Payment . The Borrower or any other Loan Party fails to pay (i) when and as required to be paid herein, any amount of principal of any Revolving Credit Loan or any L/C Obligation or deposit any funds as Cash Collateral in respect of L/C Obligations, or (ii) within three days after the same becomes due, any interest on any Revolving Credit Loan or on any L/C Obligation, or any fee due hereunder, or (iii) within five days after the same becomes due, any other amount payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document; or

(b) Specific Covenants . The Borrower or any other Loan Party fails to perform or observe any term, covenant or agreement contained in any of 2.17(d) , 6.01 , 6.02 , 6.03 , 6.05 , 6.07 , 6.10 , 6.11 , 6.12 , 6.15 , 6.16 , 6.17 , 6.19 , Article VII or Article X , or any of the Loan Parties fails to perform or observe any term, covenant or agreement contained in the Guaranty or any Collateral Document; or

 

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(c) Other Defaults . Any Loan Party fails to perform or observe any other covenant or agreement (not specified in subsection (a)  or (b)  above) contained in any Loan Document on its part to be performed or observed and such failure continues for 30 days; or

(d) Representations and Warranties . Any representation, warranty, certification or statement of fact made or deemed made by or on behalf of the Borrower or any other Loan Party herein, in any other Loan Document, or in any document delivered in connection herewith or therewith shall be incorrect or misleading when made or deemed made; or

(e) Cross-Default .

(i) (x) The Parent (A) fails to make any payment when due (whether by scheduled maturity, required prepayment, acceleration, demand, or otherwise) in respect of any Recourse Indebtedness of the Parent or Guarantee of Recourse Indebtedness made by the Parent (other than Recourse Indebtedness hereunder and Recourse Indebtedness under Swap Contracts), or (B) fails to observe or perform any other agreement or condition relating to any of its Recourse Indebtedness or Guarantee of Recourse Indebtedness or contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing, securing or relating thereto, or any other event occurs, the effect of which default or other event is to cause, or to permit the holder or holders of such Recourse Indebtedness or the beneficiary or beneficiaries of such Guarantee (or a trustee or agent on behalf of such holder or holders or beneficiary or beneficiaries) to cause, with the giving of notice if required, such Recourse Indebtedness to be demanded or to become due or to be repurchased, prepaid, defeased or redeemed (automatically or otherwise), or an offer to repurchase, prepay, defease or redeem such Recourse Indebtedness to be made, prior to its stated maturity, or such Guarantee to become payable or cash collateral in respect thereof to be demanded; or (y) there occurs under any Swap Contract an Early Termination Date (as defined in such Swap Contract) resulting from (A) any event of default under such Swap Contract as to which the Parent is the Defaulting Party (as defined in such Swap Contract) or (B) any Termination Event (as so defined) under such Swap Contract as to which the Parent is an Affected Party (as so defined) and, in either event, the Swap Termination Value owed by Parent as a result thereof is greater than the Threshold Amount; or

(ii) (x) Any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof (A) fails to make any payment when due (whether by scheduled maturity, required prepayment, acceleration, demand, or otherwise) in respect of any Indebtedness or Guarantee of Indebtedness (other than Indebtedness hereunder and Indebtedness under Swap Contracts) having an aggregate principal amount (including undrawn committed or available amounts and including amounts owing to all creditors under any combined or syndicated credit arrangement) of more than the Threshold Amount, or (B) fails to observe or perform any other agreement or condition relating to any such Indebtedness or Guarantee or contained in any instrument or agreement evidencing, securing or relating thereto, or any other event occurs, the effect of which default or other event is to cause, or to permit the holder

 

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or holders of such Indebtedness or the beneficiary or beneficiaries of such Guarantee (or a trustee or agent on behalf of such holder or holders or beneficiary or beneficiaries) to cause, with the giving of notice if required, such Indebtedness to be demanded or to become due or to be repurchased, prepaid, defeased or redeemed (automatically or otherwise), or an offer to repurchase, prepay, defease or redeem such Indebtedness to be made, prior to its stated maturity, or such Guarantee to become payable or cash collateral in respect thereof to be demanded; or (y) there occurs under any Swap Contract an Early Termination Date (as defined in such Swap Contract) resulting from (A) any event of default under such Swap Contract as to which any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof is the Defaulting Party (as defined in such Swap Contract) or (B) any Termination Event (as so defined) under such Swap Contract as to which any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof is an Affected Party (as so defined) and, in either event, the Swap Termination Value owed by such Loan Party or such Subsidiary as a result thereof is greater than the Threshold Amount; or

(f) Insolvency Proceedings, Etc. Any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof institutes or consents to the institution of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law, or makes an assignment for the benefit of creditors; or applies for or consents to the appointment of any receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator or similar officer for it or for all or any material part of its property; or any receiver, trustee, custodian, conservator, liquidator, rehabilitator or similar officer is appointed without the application or consent of such Person and the appointment continues undischarged or unstayed for 60 calendar days; or any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law relating to any such Person or to all or any material part of its property is instituted without the consent of such Person and continues undismissed or unstayed for 60 calendar days, or an order for relief is entered in any such proceeding; or

(g) Inability to Pay Debts; Attachment . (i) Any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof becomes unable or admits in writing its inability or fails generally to pay its debts as they become due, or (ii) any writ or warrant of attachment or execution or similar process is issued or levied against all or any material part of the property of any such Person and is not released, vacated or fully bonded within 30 days after its issue or levy; or

(h) Judgments . There is entered against any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof (i) one or more final judgments or orders for the payment of money in an aggregate amount (as to all such judgments and orders) exceeding the Threshold Amount (to the extent not covered by independent third-party insurance as to which the insurer is rated at least “A” by A.M. Best Company, has been notified of the potential claim and does not dispute coverage), or (ii) any one or more non-monetary final judgments that have, or would reasonably be expected to have, individually or in the aggregate, a Material Adverse Effect and, in either case, (A) enforcement proceedings are commenced by any creditor upon such judgment or order, or (B) there is a period of 10 consecutive days during which a stay of enforcement of such judgment, by reason of a pending appeal or otherwise, is not in effect; or

(i) ERISA . (i) An ERISA Event occurs with respect to a Pension Plan or Multiemployer Plan which has resulted or would reasonably be expected to result in liability of any Loan Party under Title IV of ERISA to the Pension Plan, Multiemployer Plan or the PBGC in an aggregate amount in excess of the Threshold Amount, or (ii) any Loan Party or any ERISA

 

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Affiliate fails to pay when due, after the expiration of any applicable grace period, any installment payment with respect to its withdrawal liability under Section 4201 of ERISA under a Multiemployer Plan in an aggregate amount in excess of the Threshold Amount; or

(j) Invalidity of Loan Documents . Any provision of any Loan Document, at any time after its execution and delivery and for any reason other than as expressly permitted hereunder or thereunder or satisfaction in full of all the Obligations, ceases to be in full force and effect; or any Loan Party or any other Person contests in any manner the validity or enforceability of any provision of any Loan Document; or any Loan Party denies that it has any or further liability or obligation under any provision of any Loan Document, or purports to revoke, terminate or rescind any provision of any Loan Document; or

(k) Change of Control . There occurs any Change of Control; or

(l) Collateral Documents . Any Collateral Document after delivery thereof shall for any reason cease to create a valid and perfected first priority Lien (subject to Liens permitted by Section 7.01(a) ) on the Collateral purported to be covered thereby; or

(m) REIT Status . The Parent shall, for any reason, fail to maintain its status as a REIT, after taking into account any cure provisions set forth in the Code that are complied with by the Parent; or

(n) Stock Exchange Listing . The Parent shall, at any time on or after the date, if any, of the Borrower’s delivery of an Extension Notice pursuant to Section 2.13 (or, if earlier, on or after the first date on which any common Equity Interests of the Parent are listed on the New York Stock Exchange or The NASDAQ Stock Market) fail to have at least one class of its common Equity Interests listed on the New York Stock Exchange or The NASDAQ Stock Market.

8.02 Remedies Upon Event of Default . If any Event of Default occurs and is continuing, the Administrative Agent shall, at the request of, or may, with the consent of, the Required Lenders, take any or all of the following actions:

(a) declare the commitment of each Lender to make Revolving Credit Loans and any obligation of the L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions to be terminated, whereupon such commitments and obligation shall be terminated;

(b) declare the unpaid principal amount of all outstanding Revolving Credit Loans, all interest accrued and unpaid thereon, and all other amounts owing or payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document to be immediately due and payable, without presentment, demand, protest or other notice of any kind, all of which are hereby expressly waived by the Loan Parties;

(c) require that the Borrower Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations (in an amount equal to the Minimum Collateral Amount with respect thereto); and

(d) exercise on behalf of itself, the Lenders and the L/C Issuer all rights and remedies available to it, the Lenders and the L/C Issuer under the Loan Documents;

 

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provided , however , that upon the occurrence of an actual or deemed entry of an order for relief with respect to any Loan Party under the Bankruptcy Code, the obligation of each Lender to make Revolving Credit Loans and any obligation of the L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions shall automatically terminate, the unpaid principal amount of all outstanding Revolving Credit Loans and all interest and other amounts as aforesaid shall automatically become due and payable, and the obligation of the Borrower to Cash Collateralize the L/C Obligations as aforesaid shall automatically become effective, in each case without further act of the Administrative Agent or any Lender.

8.03 Application of Funds . After the exercise of remedies provided for in Section 8.02 (or after the Revolving Credit Loans have automatically become immediately due and payable and the L/C Obligations have automatically been required to be Cash Collateralized as set forth in the proviso to Section 8.02 ), any amounts received on account of the Obligations shall, subject to the provisions of Sections 2.15 and 2.16 , be applied by the Administrative Agent in the following order:

First , to payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting fees, indemnities, expenses and other amounts (including fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the Administrative Agent and amounts payable under Article III ) payable to the Administrative Agent in its capacity as such;

Second , to payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting fees, indemnities and other amounts (other than principal, interest and Letter of Credit Fees) payable to the Lenders and the L/C Issuer (including fees, charges and disbursements of counsel to the respective Lenders and the L/C Issuer (including fees and time charges for attorneys who may be employees of any Lender or the L/C Issuer) and amounts payable under Article III ), ratably among them in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Second payable to them;

Third , to payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting accrued and unpaid Letter of Credit Fees and interest on the Revolving Credit Loans, L/C Borrowings and other Obligations, ratably among the Lenders and the L/C Issuer in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Third payable to them;

Fourth , to payment of that portion of the Obligations constituting unpaid principal of the Revolving Credit Loans and L/C Borrowings, ratably among the Lenders and the L/C Issuer in proportion to the respective amounts described in this clause Fourth held by them;

Fifth , to the Administrative Agent for the account of the L/C Issuer, to Cash Collateralize that portion of L/C Obligations comprised of the aggregate undrawn amount of Letters of Credit to the extent not otherwise Cash Collateralized by the Borrower pursuant to Sections 2.03 and 2.15 ; and

Last , the balance, if any, after all of the Obligations have been indefeasibly paid in full, to the Borrower or as otherwise required by Law.

Subject to Sections 2.03(c) and 2.15 , amounts used to Cash Collateralize the aggregate undrawn amount of Letters of Credit pursuant to clause Fifth above shall be applied to satisfy drawings

 

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under such Letters of Credit as they occur. If any amount remains on deposit as Cash Collateral after all Letters of Credit have either been fully drawn or expired, such remaining amount shall be applied to the other Obligations, if any, in the order set forth above.

ARTICLE IX. ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT

9.01 Appointment and Authority . Each of the Lenders and the L/C Issuer hereby irrevocably appoints Bank of America to act on its behalf as the Administrative Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents and authorizes the Administrative Agent to take such actions on its behalf and to exercise such powers as are delegated to the Administrative Agent by the terms hereof or thereof, together with such actions and powers as are reasonably incidental thereto. The provisions of this Article are solely for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuer, and neither the Borrower nor any other Loan Party shall have rights as a third party beneficiary of any of such provisions. It is understood and agreed that the use of the term “agent” herein or in any other Loan Documents (or any other similar term) with reference to the Administrative Agent is not intended to connote any fiduciary or other implied (or express) obligations arising under agency doctrine of any applicable Law. Instead such term is used as a matter of market custom, and is intended to create or reflect only an administrative relationship between contracting parties.

9.02 Rights as a Lender . The Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder shall have the same rights and powers in its capacity as a Lender as any other Lender and may exercise the same as though it were not the Administrative Agent and the term “Lender” or “Lenders” shall, unless otherwise expressly indicated or unless the context otherwise requires, include the Person serving as the Administrative Agent hereunder in its individual capacity. Such Person and its Affiliates may accept deposits from, lend money to, own securities of, act as the financial advisor or in any other advisory capacity for and generally engage in any kind of business with any Loan Party or any Subsidiary or other Affiliate thereof as if such Person were not the Administrative Agent hereunder and without any duty to account therefor to the Lenders.

9.03 Exculpatory Provisions . The Administrative Agent shall not have any duties or obligations except those expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, and its duties hereunder shall be administrative in nature. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Administrative Agent:

(a) shall not be subject to any fiduciary or other implied duties, regardless of whether a Default has occurred and is continuing;

(b) shall not have any duty to take any discretionary action or exercise any discretionary powers, except discretionary rights and powers expressly contemplated hereby or by the other Loan Documents that the Administrative Agent is required to exercise as directed in writing by the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be expressly provided for herein or in the other Loan Documents), provided that the Administrative Agent shall not be required to take any action that, in its opinion or the opinion of its counsel, may expose the Administrative Agent to liability or that is contrary to any Loan Document or applicable law, including for the avoidance of doubt any action that may be in violation of the automatic stay under any Debtor Relief Law or that may effect a forfeiture, modification or termination of property of a Defaulting Lender in violation of any Debtor Relief Law; and

(c) shall not, except as expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents, have any duty to disclose, and shall not be liable for the failure to disclose, any information relating to any Loan Party or any of its Affiliates that is communicated to or obtained by the Person serving as the Administrative Agent or any of its Affiliates in any capacity.

 

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The Administrative Agent shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it (i) with the consent or at the request of the Required Lenders (or such other number or percentage of the Lenders as shall be necessary, or as the Administrative Agent shall believe in good faith shall be necessary, under the circumstances as provided in Sections 11.01 and 8.02 ) or (ii) in the absence of its own gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment. The Administrative Agent shall be deemed not to have knowledge of any Default unless and until notice describing such Default is given in writing to the Administrative Agent by the Borrower, a Lender or the L/C Issuer.

The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have any duty to ascertain or inquire into (i) any statement, warranty or representation made in or in connection with this Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the contents of any certificate, report or other document delivered hereunder or thereunder or in connection herewith or therewith, (iii) the performance or observance of any of the covenants, agreements or other terms or conditions set forth herein or therein or the occurrence of any Default, (iv) the validity, enforceability, effectiveness or genuineness of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any other agreement, instrument or document or (v) the satisfaction of any condition set forth in Article IV or elsewhere herein, other than to confirm receipt of items expressly required to be delivered to the Administrative Agent.

9.04 Reliance by Administrative Agent . The Administrative Agent shall be entitled to rely upon, and shall not incur any liability for relying upon, any notice, request, certificate, consent, statement, instrument, document or other writing (including any electronic message, Internet or intranet website posting or other distribution) believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed, sent or otherwise authenticated by the proper Person. The Administrative Agent also may rely upon any statement made to it orally or by telephone and believed by it to have been made by the proper Person, and shall not incur any liability for relying thereon. In determining compliance with any condition hereunder to the making of a Revolving Credit Loan, or the issuance, extension, renewal or increase of a Letter of Credit, that by its terms must be fulfilled to the satisfaction of a Lender or the L/C Issuer, the Administrative Agent may presume that such condition is satisfactory to such Lender or the L/C Issuer unless the Administrative Agent shall have received notice to the contrary from such Lender or the L/C Issuer prior to the making of such Revolving Credit Loan or the issuance of such Letter of Credit. The Administrative Agent may consult with legal counsel (who may be counsel for any Loan Party), independent accountants and other experts selected by it, and shall not be liable for any action taken or not taken by it in accordance with the advice of any such counsel, accountants or experts.

 

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9.05 Delegation of Duties . The Administrative Agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers hereunder or under any other Loan Document by or through any one or more sub-agents appointed by the Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent and any such sub-agent may perform any and all of its duties and exercise its rights and powers by or through their respective Related Parties. The exculpatory provisions of this Article shall apply to any such sub-agent and to the Related Parties of the Administrative Agent and any such sub-agent, and shall apply to their respective activities in connection with the syndication of the credit facilities provided for herein as well as activities as Administrative Agent. The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for the negligence or misconduct of any sub-agents except to the extent that a court of competent jurisdiction determines in a final and non appealable judgment that the Administrative Agent acted with gross negligence or willful misconduct in the selection of such sub-agents.

9.06 Resignation of Administrative Agent .

(a) The Administrative Agent may at any time give notice of its resignation to the Lenders, the L/C Issuer and the Borrower. Upon receipt of any such notice of resignation, the Required Lenders shall have the right, in consultation with the Borrower, to appoint a successor, which shall be a bank with an office in the United States, or an Affiliate of any such bank with an office in the United States. If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days after the retiring Administrative Agent gives notice of its resignation (or such earlier day as shall be agreed by the Required Lenders) (the “ Resignation Effective Date ”), then the retiring Administrative Agent may (but shall not be obligated to) on behalf of the Lenders and the L/C Issuer, appoint a successor Administrative Agent meeting the qualifications set forth above. Whether or not a successor has been appointed, such resignation shall become effective in accordance with such notice on the Resignation Effective Date.

(b) If the Person serving as Administrative Agent is a Defaulting Lender pursuant to clause (d)  of the definition thereof, the Required Lenders may, to the extent permitted by applicable law, by notice in writing to the Borrower and such Person remove such Person as Administrative Agent and, in consultation with the Borrower, appoint a successor. If no such successor shall have been so appointed by the Required Lenders and shall have accepted such appointment within 30 days (or such earlier day as shall be agreed by the Required Lenders) (the “ Removal Effective Date ”), then such removal shall nonetheless become effective in accordance with such notice on the Removal Effective Date.

(c) With effect from the Resignation Effective Date or the Removal Effective Date (as applicable) (1) the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall be discharged from its duties and obligations hereunder and under the other Loan Documents (except that in the case of any collateral security held by the Administrative Agent on behalf of the Lenders or the L/C Issuer under any of the Loan Documents, the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall continue to hold such collateral security until such time as a successor Administrative Agent is appointed) and (2) except for any indemnity payments or other amounts then owed to the retiring or removed Administrative Agent, all payments, communications and determinations provided to be made by, to or through the Administrative Agent shall instead be made by or to each Lender and the L/C Issuer directly, until such time, if any, as the Required Lenders appoint a successor

 

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Administrative Agent as provided for above. Upon the acceptance of a successor’s appointment as Administrative Agent hereunder, such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring (or removed) Administrative Agent (other than as provided in Section 3.01(g) and other than any rights to indemnity payments or other amounts owed to the retiring or removed Administrative Agent as of the Resignation Effective Date or the Removal Effective Date, as applicable), and the retiring or removed Administrative Agent shall be discharged from all of its duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents (if not already discharged therefrom as provided above in this Section). The fees payable by the Borrower to a successor Administrative Agent shall be the same as those payable to its predecessor unless otherwise agreed between the Borrower and such successor. After the retiring or removed Administrative Agent’s resignation or removal hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, the provisions of this Article and Section 11.04 shall continue in effect for the benefit of such retiring or removed Administrative Agent, its sub-agents and their respective Related Parties in respect of any actions taken or omitted to be taken by any of them while the retiring or removed Administrative Agent was acting as Administrative Agent.

(d) Any resignation by Bank of America as Administrative Agent pursuant to this Section shall also constitute its resignation as L/C Issuer. If Bank of America resigns as an L/C Issuer, it shall retain all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the L/C Issuer hereunder with respect to all Letters of Credit outstanding as of the effective date of its resignation as L/C Issuer and all L/C Obligations with respect thereto, including the right to require the Lenders to make Base Rate Loans or fund risk participations in Unreimbursed Amounts pursuant to Section 2.03(c). Upon the appointment by the Borrower of a successor L/C Issuer hereunder (which successor shall in all cases be a Lender other than a Defaulting Lender), (a) such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring L/C Issuer, (b) the retiring L/C Issuer shall be discharged from all of its duties and obligations hereunder or under the other Loan Documents, and (c) the successor L/C Issuer shall issue letters of credit in substitution for the Letters of Credit, if any, outstanding at the time of such succession or make other arrangements satisfactory to Bank of America to effectively assume the obligations of Bank of America with respect to such Letters of Credit.

9.07 Non-Reliance on Administrative Agent and Other Lenders . Each Lender and the L/C Issuer acknowledges that it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Agreement. Each Lender and the L/C Issuer also acknowledges that it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender or any of their Related Parties and based on such documents and information as it shall from time to time deem appropriate, continue to make its own decisions in taking or not taking action under or based upon this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any related agreement or any document furnished hereunder or thereunder.

9.08 No Other Duties, Etc . Anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding, the Arranger shall not have any powers, duties or responsibilities under this Agreement or any of the other Loan Documents.

 

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9.09 Administrative Agent May File Proofs of Claim . In case of the pendency of any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law or any other judicial proceeding relative to any Loan Party, the Administrative Agent (irrespective of whether the principal of any Loan or L/C Obligation shall then be due and payable as herein expressed or by declaration or otherwise and irrespective of whether the Administrative Agent shall have made any demand on the Borrower) shall be entitled and empowered, by intervention in such proceeding or otherwise

(a) to file and prove a claim for the whole amount of the principal and interest owing and unpaid in respect of the Revolving Credit Loans, L/C Obligations and all other Obligations that are owing and unpaid and to file such other documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Lenders, the L/C Issuer and the Administrative Agent (including any claim for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Lenders, the L/C Issuer and the Administrative Agent and their respective agents and counsel and all other amounts due the Lenders, the L/C Issuer and the Administrative Agent under Sections 2.03(i) and (j) , 2.08 and 11.04 ) allowed in such judicial proceeding; and

(b) to collect and receive any monies or other property payable or deliverable on any such claims and to distribute the same;

and any custodian, receiver, assignee, trustee, liquidator, sequestrator or other similar official in any such judicial proceeding is hereby authorized by each Lender and the L/C Issuer to make such payments to the Administrative Agent and, in the event that the Administrative Agent shall consent to the making of such payments directly to the Lenders and the L/C Issuer, to pay to the Administrative Agent any amount due for the reasonable compensation, expenses, disbursements and advances of the Administrative Agent and its agents and counsel, and any other amounts due the Administrative Agent under Sections 2.08 and 11.04 .

Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Administrative Agent to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Lender or the L/C Issuer any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Obligations or the rights of any Lender or the L/C Issuer to authorize the Administrative Agent to vote in respect of the claim of any Lender or the L/C Issuer in any such proceeding.

9.10 Collateral and Guaranty Matters . Without limiting the provisions of Section 9.09 , the Lenders and the L/C Issuer irrevocably authorize the Administrative Agent, at its option and in its discretion,

(a) to release any Lien on any property granted to or held by the Administrative Agent under any Loan Document (i) upon termination of the Aggregate Commitments and payment in full of all Obligations (other than contingent indemnification obligations for which no claim has been made) and the expiration or termination of all Letters of Credit (other than Letters of Credit as to which other arrangements satisfactory to the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer shall have been made), (ii) that is sold or otherwise disposed of or to be sold or otherwise disposed of as part of or in connection with any sale or other disposition permitted hereunder or under any other Loan Document to a Person that is not a Loan Party or Affiliate thereof, (iii)

 

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that is granted by, or consists of Equity Interests in, a Subsidiary that becomes Excluded Subsidiary or (iv) subject to Section 11.01 , if approved, authorized or ratified in writing by the Required Lenders; and

(b) to release any Subsidiary Guarantor from its obligations under the Guaranty if such Person (i) ceases to be a Subsidiary of the Borrower as a result of a transaction permitted hereunder or (ii) becomes an Excluded Subsidiary.

Upon request by the Administrative Agent at any time, the Required Lenders will confirm in writing the Administrative Agent’s authority to release its interest in any Collateral or to release any Subsidiary Guarantor from its obligations under the Guaranty pursuant to this Section 9.10 . In each case as specified in this Section 9.10 , the Administrative Agent will, at the Borrower’s expense, execute and deliver to the applicable Loan Party such documents as such Loan Party may reasonably request to evidence the release of such item of Collateral from the assignment and security interest granted under the Collateral Documents, or to release such Subsidiary Guarantor from its obligations under the Guaranty, in each case in accordance with the terms of the Loan Documents and this Section 9.10 .

The Administrative Agent shall not be responsible for or have a duty to ascertain or inquire into any representation or warranty regarding the existence, value or collectability of the Collateral, the existence, priority or perfection of the Administrative Agent’s Lien thereon, or any certificate prepared by any Loan Party in connection therewith, nor shall the Administrative Agent be responsible or liable to the Lenders for any failure to monitor or maintain any portion of the Collateral.

ARTICLE X. CONTINUING GUARANTY

10.01 Guaranty . Each Guarantor hereby absolutely and unconditionally guarantees, jointly and severally, as a guaranty of payment and performance and not merely as a guaranty of collection, prompt payment when due, whether at stated maturity, by required prepayment, upon acceleration, demand or otherwise, and at all times thereafter, of any and all of the Obligations, whether for principal, interest, premiums, fees, indemnities, damages, costs, expenses or otherwise, of the Borrower to the Secured Parties, and whether arising hereunder or under any other Loan Document (including all renewals, extensions, amendments, refinancings and other modifications thereof and all costs, attorneys’ fees and expenses incurred by the Secured Parties in connection with the collection or enforcement thereof). The Administrative Agent’s books and records showing the amount of the Obligations shall be admissible in evidence in any action or proceeding, and shall be binding upon each Guarantor, and conclusive for the purpose of establishing the amount of the Obligations absent demonstrable error. This Guaranty shall not be affected by the genuineness, validity, regularity or enforceability of the Obligations or any instrument or agreement evidencing any Obligations, or by the existence, validity, enforceability, perfection, non-perfection or extent of any collateral therefor, or by any fact or circumstance relating to the Obligations which might otherwise constitute a defense to the obligations of any Guarantor under this Guaranty, and each Guarantor hereby irrevocably waives any defenses it may now have or hereafter acquire in any way relating to any or all of the foregoing.

 

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Anything contained in this Guaranty to the contrary notwithstanding, it is the intention of each Guarantor and the Secured Parties that the obligations of each Guarantor (other than the Parent) hereunder at any time shall be limited to an aggregate amount equal to the largest amount that would not render its obligations hereunder subject to avoidance as a fraudulent transfer or conveyance under Section 548 of the Bankruptcy Code or any comparable provisions of any similar federal or state law. To that end, but only in the event and to the extent that after giving effect to Section 10.11 , such Guarantor’s obligations with respect to the Obligations or any payment made pursuant to such Obligations would, but for the operation of the first sentence of this paragraph, be subject to avoidance or recovery in any such proceeding under applicable Debtor Relief Laws after giving effect to Section 10.11 , the amount of such Guarantor’s obligations with respect to the Obligations shall be limited to the largest amount which, after giving effect thereto, would not, under applicable Debtor Relief Laws, render such Guarantor’s obligations with respect to the Obligations unenforceable or avoidable or otherwise subject to recovery under applicable Debtor Relief Laws. To the extent any payment actually made pursuant to the Obligations exceeds the limitation of the first sentence of this paragraph and is otherwise subject to avoidance and recovery in any such proceeding under applicable Debtor Relief Laws, the amount subject to avoidance shall in all events be limited to the amount by which such actual payment exceeds such limitation, and the Obligations as limited by the first sentence of this paragraph shall in all events remain in full force and effect and be fully enforceable against such Guarantor. The first sentence of this paragraph is intended solely to preserve the rights of the Secured Parties hereunder against such Guarantor in such proceeding to the maximum extent permitted by applicable Debtor Relief Laws and neither such Guarantor, the Borrower, any other Guarantor nor any other Person shall have any right or claim under such sentence that would not otherwise be available under applicable Debtor Relief Laws in such proceeding.

10.02 Rights of Lenders . Each Guarantor consents and agrees that the Secured Parties may, at any time and from time to time, without notice or demand, and without affecting the enforceability or continuing effectiveness hereof: (a) amend, extend, renew, compromise, discharge, accelerate or otherwise change the time for payment or the terms of the Obligations or any part thereof; (b) take, hold, exchange, enforce, waive, release, fail to perfect, sell, or otherwise dispose of any security for the payment of this Guaranty or any Obligations; (c) apply such security and direct the order or manner of sale thereof as the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in their sole discretion may determine; and (d) release or substitute one or more of any endorsers or other guarantors of any of the Obligations. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, each Guarantor consents to the taking of, or failure to take, any action which might in any manner or to any extent vary the risks of such Guarantor under this Guaranty or which, but for this provision, might operate as a discharge of such Guarantor.

10.03 Certain Waivers . Each Guarantor waives (a) any defense arising by reason of any disability or other defense of the Borrower or any other guarantor, or the cessation from any cause whatsoever (including any act or omission of any Secured Party, but excluding satisfaction thereof by way of payment) of the liability of the Borrower; (b) any defense based on any claim that such Guarantor’s obligations exceed or are more burdensome than those of the Borrower; (c) the benefit of any statute of limitations affecting such Guarantor’s liability hereunder; (d) any right to proceed against the Borrower, proceed against or exhaust any security for the Obligations, or pursue any other remedy in the power of any Secured Party whatsoever; (e) any

 

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benefit of and any right to participate in any security now or hereafter held by any Secured Party; and (f) to the fullest extent permitted by law, any and all other defenses or benefits that may be derived from or afforded by applicable law limiting the liability of or exonerating guarantors or sureties. Each Guarantor expressly waives all setoffs and counterclaims and all presentments, demands for payment or performance, notices of nonpayment or nonperformance, protests, notices of protest, notices of dishonor and all other notices or demands of any kind or nature whatsoever with respect to the Obligations, and all notices of acceptance of this Guaranty or of the existence, creation or incurrence of new or additional Obligations.

10.04 Obligations Independent . The obligations of each Guarantor hereunder are those of a primary obligor, and not merely as surety, and are independent of the Obligations and the obligations of any other guarantor, and a separate action may be brought against each Guarantor to enforce this Guaranty whether or not the Borrower or any other Person or entity is joined as a party.

10.05 Subrogation . Each Guarantor shall not exercise any right of subrogation, contribution, indemnity, reimbursement or similar rights with respect to any payments it makes under this Guaranty until all Commitments have been terminated, all of the Obligations and any amounts payable under this Guaranty have been indefeasibly paid and performed in full and all Letters or Credit have been cancelled, have expired or terminated or have been collateralized to the satisfaction of the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer. If any amounts are paid to any Guarantor in violation of the foregoing limitation, then such amounts shall be held in trust for the benefit of the Secured Parties and shall forthwith be paid to the Secured Parties to reduce the amount of the Obligations, whether matured or unmatured.

10.06 Termination; Reinstatement . This Guaranty is a continuing and irrevocable guaranty of all Obligations now or hereafter existing and shall remain in full force and effect until all Commitments are terminated, all Obligations and any other amounts payable under this Guaranty are indefeasibly paid in full in cash and all Letters or Credit have been cancelled, have expired or terminated or have been collateralized to the satisfaction of the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer. Notwithstanding the foregoing, this Guaranty shall continue in full force and effect or be revived, as the case may be, if any payment by or on behalf of the Borrower or any other Guarantor is made, or any of the Secured Parties exercises its right of setoff, in respect of the Obligations and such payment or the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by any of the Secured Parties in their discretion) to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party, in connection with any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws or otherwise, all as if such payment had not been made or such setoff had not occurred and whether or not the Secured Parties are in possession of or have released this Guaranty and regardless of any prior revocation, rescission, termination or reduction. The obligations of the Guarantors under this paragraph shall survive termination of this Guaranty.

10.07 Subordination . Each Guarantor hereby subordinates the payment of all obligations and indebtedness of the Borrower owing to such Guarantor, whether now existing or hereafter arising, including but not limited to any obligation of the Borrower to such Guarantor as subrogee of the Secured Parties or resulting from such Guarantor’s performance under this

 

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Guaranty, to the indefeasible payment in full in cash of all Obligations. If the Secured Parties so request, any such obligation or indebtedness of the Borrower to such Guarantor shall be enforced and performance received by such Guarantor as trustee for the Secured Parties and the proceeds thereof shall be paid over to the Secured Parties on account of the Obligations, but without reducing or affecting in any manner the liability of any Guarantor under this Guaranty.

10.08 Stay of Acceleration . If acceleration of the time for payment of any of the Obligations is stayed, in connection with any case commenced by or against any Guarantor or the Borrower under any Debtor Relief Laws, or otherwise, all such amounts shall nonetheless be payable by a Guarantor immediately upon demand by the Secured Parties.

10.09 Condition of the Borrower . Each Guarantor acknowledges and agrees that it has the sole responsibility for, and has adequate means of, obtaining from the Borrower and any other guarantor such information concerning the financial condition, business and operations of the Borrower and any such other guarantor as such Guarantor requires, and that none of the Secured Parties has any duty, and such Guarantor is not relying on the Secured Parties at any time, to disclose to such Guarantor any information relating to the business, operations or financial condition of the Borrower or any other guarantor (each Guarantor waiving any duty on the part of the Secured Parties to disclose such information and any defense relating to the failure to provide the same).

10.10 Limitations on Enforcemen t . If, in any action to enforce this Guaranty or any proceeding to allow or adjudicate a claim under this Guaranty, a court of competent jurisdiction determines that enforcement of this Guaranty against any Guarantor for the full amount of the Obligations is not lawful under, or would be subject to avoidance under, Section 548 of the Bankruptcy Code or any applicable provision of comparable state law, the liability of such Guarantor under this Guaranty shall be limited to the maximum amount lawful and not subject to avoidance under such law.

10.11 Contribution . At any time a payment in respect of the Obligations is made under this Guaranty, the right of contribution of each Guarantor (other than the Parent) against each other Guarantor (other than the Parent) shall be determined as provided in the immediately following sentence, with the right of contribution of each Guarantor to be revised and restated as of each date on which a payment (a “ Relevant Payment ”) is made on the Obligations under this Guaranty. At any time that a Relevant Payment is made by a Guarantor (other than the Parent) that results in the aggregate payments made by such Guarantor in respect of the Obligations to and including the date of the Relevant Payment exceeding such Guarantor’s Contribution Percentage (as defined below) of the aggregate payments made by all Guarantors (other than the Parent) in respect of the Obligations to and including the date of the Relevant Payment (such excess, the “ Aggregate Excess Amount ”), each such Guarantor shall have a right of contribution against each other Guarantor (other than the Parent) who either has not made any payments or has made payments in respect of the Obligations to and including the date of the Relevant Payment in an aggregate amount less than such other Guarantor’s Contribution Percentage of the aggregate payments made to and including the date of the Relevant Payment by all Guarantors (other than the Parent) in respect of the Obligations (the aggregate amount of such deficit, the “ Aggregate Deficit Amount ”) in an amount equal to (x) a fraction the numerator of which is the Aggregate Excess Amount of such Guarantor and the denominator of which is the Aggregate

 

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Excess Amount of all Guarantors (other than the Parent) multiplied by (y) the Aggregate Deficit Amount of such other Guarantor. A Guarantor’s right of contribution pursuant to the preceding sentences shall arise at the time of each computation, subject to adjustment at the time of each computation; provided , that no Guarantor may take any action to enforce such right until all of the Obligations and any amounts payable under this Guaranty have been indefeasibly paid and performed in full in immediately available funds, all Commitments are terminated and all Letters or Credit have been cancelled, have expired or terminated or have been collateralized to the satisfaction of the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer, it being expressly recognized and agreed by all parties hereto that any Guarantor’s right of contribution arising pursuant to this Section 10.11 against any other Guarantor shall be expressly junior and subordinate to such other Guarantor’s obligations and liabilities in respect of the Obligations and any other obligations owing under this Guaranty. As used in this Section 10.11 , (i) each Guarantor’s “ Contribution Percentage ” shall mean the percentage obtained by dividing (x) the Adjusted Net Worth (as defined below) of such Guarantor by (y) the aggregate Adjusted Net Worth of all Guarantors; (ii) the “ Adjusted Net Worth ” of each Guarantor shall mean the greater of (x) the Net Worth (as defined below) of such Guarantor and (y) zero; and (iii) the “ Net Worth ” of each Guarantor shall mean the amount by which the fair saleable value of such Guarantor’s assets on the date of any Relevant Payment exceeds its existing debts and other liabilities (including contingent liabilities, but without giving effect to any Obligations arising under this Guaranty) on such date. All parties hereto recognize and agree that, except for any right of contribution arising pursuant to this Section 10.11 , each Guarantor who makes any payment in respect of the Obligations shall have no right of contribution or subrogation against any other Guarantor in respect of such payment until all of the Obligations have been indefeasibly paid and performed in full in cash, all Commitments are terminated and all Letters or Credit have been cancelled, have expired or terminated or have been collateralized to the satisfaction of the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer . Each of the Guarantors recognizes and acknowledges that the rights to contribution arising hereunder shall constitute an asset in favor of the party entitled to such contribution. In this connection, each Guarantor has the right to waive its contribution right against any Guarantor to the extent that after giving effect to such waiver such Guarantor would remain solvent, in the determination of the Required Lenders.

ARTICLE XI . MISCELLANEOUS

11.01 Amendments, Etc . No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, and no consent to any departure by the Borrower or any other Loan Party therefrom, shall be effective unless in writing signed by the Required Lenders and the Borrower or the applicable Loan Party, as the case may be, and acknowledged by the Administrative Agent, and each such waiver or consent shall be effective only in the specific instance and for the specific purpose for which given; provided , however , that no such amendment, waiver or consent shall:

(a) waive any condition set forth in Section 4.01(a) without the written consent of each Lender;

(b) extend (except as provided in Section 2.13 ) or increase the Commitment of any Lender (or reinstate any Commitment terminated pursuant to Section 8.02 ) without the written consent of such Lender;

 

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(c) postpone any date fixed by this Agreement or any other Loan Document for any payment (excluding mandatory prepayments) of principal, interest, fees or other amounts due to the Lenders (or any of them) hereunder or under any other Loan Document without the written consent of each Lender directly affected thereby;

(d) reduce the principal of, or the rate of interest specified herein on, any Loan or L/C Borrowing, or (subject to clause (iii)  of the second proviso to this Section 11.01 ) any fees or other amounts payable hereunder or under any other Loan Document without the written consent of each Lender directly affected thereby; provided , however , that only the consent of the Required Lenders shall be necessary (i) to amend the definition of “Default Rate” or to waive any obligation of the Borrower to pay interest or Letter of Credit Fees at the Default Rate or (ii) to amend any financial covenant hereunder (or any defined term used therein) even if the effect of such amendment would be to reduce the rate of interest on any Loan or L/C Borrowing or to reduce any fee payable hereunder;

(e) change any of the terms or provisions in any Loan Document requiring pro rata payments, distributions, commitment reductions or sharing of payments without the consent of each Lender; provided , that with the consent of the Required Lenders, such terms and provisions may be amended on customary terms in connection with an “amend and extend” transaction, but only if all Lenders that consent to such “amend and extend” transaction are treated on a pro rata basis;

(f) change any provision of this Section or the definition of “Required Lenders” or any other provision hereof specifying the number or percentage of Lenders required to amend, waive or otherwise modify any rights hereunder or make any determination or grant any consent hereunder, without the written consent of each Lender;

(g) release the Borrower or any Guarantor from its obligations under this Agreement or any other Loan Document, without the written consent of each Lender, except as expressly provided in the Loan Documents; or

(h) release all or substantially all of the Collateral in any transaction or series of related transactions, without the written consent of each Lender;

and, provided further , that (i) no amendment, waiver or consent shall, unless in writing and signed by the L/C Issuer in addition to the Lenders required above, affect the rights or duties of the L/C Issuer under this Agreement or any Issuer Document relating to any Letter of Credit issued or to be issued by it; (ii) no amendment, waiver or consent shall, unless in writing and signed by the Administrative Agent in addition to the Lenders required above, affect the rights or duties of the Administrative Agent under this Agreement or any other Loan Document; and (iii) the Fee Letter may be amended, or rights or privileges thereunder waived, in a writing executed only by the parties thereto. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary herein, no Defaulting Lender shall have any right to approve or disapprove any amendment, waiver or consent hereunder (and any amendment, waiver or consent which by its terms requires the consent of all Lenders or each affected Lender may be effected with the consent of the applicable Lenders other than Defaulting Lenders), except that (x) the Commitment of any Defaulting Lender may not be increased or extended (except as provided in Section 2.13 ) without the consent of such

 

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Lender and (y) any waiver, amendment or modification requiring the consent of all Lenders or each affected Lender that by its terms affects any Defaulting Lender disproportionately adversely relative to other affected Lenders shall require the consent of such Defaulting Lender.

Notwithstanding any provision herein to the contrary, this Agreement may be amended with the written consent of the Required Lenders, the Administrative Agent and the Borrower (i) to add one or more additional revolving credit or term loan facilities to this Agreement and to permit the extensions of credit and all related obligations and liabilities arising in connection therewith from time to time outstanding to share ratably (or on a basis subordinated to the existing facilities hereunder) in the benefits of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents with the obligations and liabilities from time to time outstanding in respect of the existing facilities hereunder, and (ii) in connection with the foregoing, to permit, as deemed appropriate by the Administrative Agent and approved by the Required Lenders, the Lenders providing such additional credit facilities to participate in any required vote or action required to be approved by the Required Lenders or by any other number, percentage or class of Lenders hereunder.

11.02 Notices; Effectiveness; Electronic Communication .

(a) Notices Generally . Except in the case of notices and other communications expressly permitted to be given by telephone (and except as provided in subsection (b)  below), all notices and other communications provided for herein shall be in writing and shall be delivered by hand or overnight courier service, mailed by certified or registered mail or sent by facsimile as follows, and all notices and other communications expressly permitted hereunder to be given by telephone shall be made to the applicable telephone number, as follows:

(i) if to the Borrower or any other Loan Party, the Administrative Agent or the L/C Issuer, to the address, facsimile number, electronic mail address or telephone number specified for such Person on Schedule 11.02 ; and

(ii) if to any other Lender, to the address, facsimile number, electronic mail address or telephone number specified in its Administrative Questionnaire (including, as appropriate, notices delivered solely to the Person designated by a Lender on its Administrative Questionnaire then in effect for the delivery of notices that may contain material non-public information relating to the Borrower).

Notices and other communications sent by hand or overnight courier service, or mailed by certified or registered mail, shall be deemed to have been given when received; notices and other communications sent by facsimile shall be deemed to have been given when sent (except that, if not given during normal business hours for the recipient, shall be deemed to have been given at the opening of business on the next Business Day for the recipient). Notices and other communications delivered through electronic communications to the extent provided in subsection (b)  below, shall be effective as provided in such subsection (b) .

(b) Electronic Communications . Notices and other communications to the Lenders and the L/C Issuer hereunder may be delivered or furnished by electronic communication (including e-mail and Internet or intranet websites) pursuant to procedures approved by the Administrative Agent, provided that the foregoing shall not apply to notices to any Lender or the

 

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L/C Issuer pursuant to Article II if such Lender or the L/C Issuer, as applicable, has notified the Administrative Agent that it is incapable of receiving notices under such Article by electronic communication. The Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer or any Loan Party may each, in its discretion, agree to accept notices and other communications to it hereunder by electronic communications pursuant to procedures approved by it, provided that approval of such procedures may be limited to particular notices or communications.

Unless the Administrative Agent otherwise prescribes, (i) notices and other communications sent to an e-mail address shall be deemed received upon the sender’s receipt of an acknowledgement from the intended recipient (such as by the “return receipt requested” function, as available, return e-mail or other written acknowledgement), and (ii) notices or communications posted to an Internet or intranet website shall be deemed received upon the deemed receipt by the intended recipient at its e-mail address as described in the foregoing clause (i) of notification that such notice or communication is available and identifying the website address therefor; provided that, for both clauses (i)  and (ii) , if such notice, email or other communication is not sent during the normal business hours of the recipient, such notice, email or communication shall be deemed to have been sent at the opening of business on the next business day for the recipient.

(c) The Platform . THE PLATFORM IS PROVIDED “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE.” THE AGENT PARTIES (AS DEFINED BELOW) DO NOT WARRANT THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE BORROWER MATERIALS OR THE ADEQUACY OF THE PLATFORM, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM LIABILITY FOR ERRORS IN OR OMISSIONS FROM THE BORROWER MATERIALS. NO WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING ANY WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, NON-INFRINGEMENT OF THIRD PARTY RIGHTS OR FREEDOM FROM VIRUSES OR OTHER CODE DEFECTS, IS MADE BY ANY AGENT PARTY IN CONNECTION WITH THE BORROWER MATERIALS OR THE PLATFORM. In no event shall the Administrative Agent or any of its Related Parties (collectively, the “ Agent Parties ”) have any liability to the Borrower, any Lender, the L/C Issuer or any other Person for losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses of any kind (whether in tort, contract or otherwise) arising out of the Borrower’s, any Loan Party’s or the Administrative Agent’s transmission of Borrower Materials through the Internet.

(d) Change of Address, Etc. Each Loan Party, the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer may change its address, facsimile or telephone number for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the other parties hereto. Each other Lender may change its address, facsimile or telephone number for notices and other communications hereunder by notice to the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer. In addition, each Lender agrees to notify the Administrative Agent from time to time to ensure that the Administrative Agent has on record (i) an effective address, contact name, telephone number, facsimile number and electronic mail address to which notices and other communications may be sent and (ii) accurate wire instructions for such Lender. Furthermore, each Public Lender agrees to cause at least one individual at or on behalf of such Public Lender to at all times have selected the “Private Side Information” or similar designation on the content declaration screen of the Platform in order to enable such Public Lender or its delegate, in accordance with such Public

 

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Lender’s compliance procedures and applicable Law, including United States Federal and state securities Laws, to make reference to Borrower Materials that are not made available through the “Public Side Information” portion of the Platform and that may contain material non-public information with respect to the Borrower or its securities for purposes of United States Federal or state securities laws.

(e) Reliance by Administrative Agent, L/C Issuer and Lenders . The Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer and the Lenders shall be entitled to rely and act upon any notices (including telephonic or electronic Loan Notices and Letter of Credit Applications) purportedly given by or on behalf of the Borrower even if (i) such notices were not made in a manner specified herein, were incomplete or were not preceded or followed by any other form of notice specified herein, or (ii) the terms thereof, as understood by the recipient, varied from any confirmation thereof. Each Loan Party shall jointly and severally indemnify the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer, each Lender and the Related Parties of each of them from all losses, costs, expenses and liabilities resulting from the reliance by such Person on each notice purportedly given by or on behalf of the Borrower. All telephonic notices to and other telephonic communications with the Administrative Agent may be recorded by the Administrative Agent, and each of the parties hereto hereby consents to such recording.

11.03 No Waiver; Cumulative Remedies; Enforcement . No failure by any Lender, the L/C Issuer or the Administrative Agent to exercise, and no delay by any such Person in exercising, any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder or under any other Loan Document shall operate as a waiver thereof; nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege hereunder preclude any other or further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other right, remedy, power or privilege. The rights, remedies, powers and privileges herein provided, and provided under each other Loan Document, are cumulative and not exclusive of any rights, remedies, powers and privileges provided by law.

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or in any other Loan Document, the authority to enforce rights and remedies hereunder and under the other Loan Documents against the Loan Parties or any of them shall be vested exclusively in, and all actions and proceedings at law in connection with such enforcement shall be instituted and maintained exclusively by, the Administrative Agent in accordance with Section 8.02 for the benefit of all the Lenders and the L/C Issuer; provided , however , that the foregoing shall not prohibit (a) the Administrative Agent from exercising on its own behalf the rights and remedies that inure to its benefit (solely in its capacity as Administrative Agent) hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, (b) the L/C Issuer from exercising the rights and remedies that inure to its benefit (solely in its capacity as L/C Issuer) hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, (c) any Lender from exercising setoff rights in accordance with Section 11.08 (subject to the terms of Section 2.12 ), or (d) any Lender from filing proofs of claim or appearing and filing pleadings on its own behalf during the pendency of a proceeding relative to any Loan Party under any Debtor Relief Law; and provided , further , that if at any time there is no Person acting as Administrative Agent hereunder and under the other Loan Documents, then (i) the Required Lenders shall have the rights otherwise ascribed to the Administrative Agent pursuant to Section 8.02 and (ii) in addition to the matters set forth in clauses (b) , (c)  and (d)  of the preceding proviso and subject to Section 2.12 , any Lender may, with the consent of the Required Lenders, enforce any rights and remedies available to it and as authorized by the Required Lenders.

 

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11.04 Expenses; Indemnity; Damage Waiver .

(a) Costs and Expenses . Each Loan Party shall jointly and severally pay (i) all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent and its Affiliates (including the reasonable fees, charges and disbursements of counsel for the Administrative Agent), in connection with the syndication of the credit facilities provided for herein, the preparation, negotiation, execution, delivery and administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents or any amendments, modifications or waivers of the provisions hereof or thereof (whether or not the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby shall be consummated), (ii) all reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the L/C Issuer in connection with the issuance, amendment, renewal or extension of any Letter of Credit or any demand for payment thereunder and (iii) all out-of-pocket expenses incurred by the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the L/C Issuer (including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the L/C Issuer), and shall pay all fees and time charges for attorneys who may be employees of the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the L/C Issuer, in connection with the enforcement or protection of its rights (A) in connection with this Agreement and the other Loan Documents, including its rights under this Section, or (B) in connection with the Revolving Credit Loans made or Letters of Credit issued hereunder, including all such out-of-pocket expenses incurred during any workout, restructuring or negotiations in respect of such Loans or Letters of Credit.

(b) Indemnification by the Loan Parties . Each Loan Party shall jointly and severally indemnify the Administrative Agent (and any sub-agent thereof), each Lender and the L/C Issuer, and each Related Party of any of the foregoing Persons (each such Person being called an “ Indemnitee ”) against, and hold each Indemnitee harmless from, any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities and related expenses (including the fees, charges and disbursements of any counsel for any Indemnitee), and shall indemnify and hold harmless each Indemnitee from all fees and time charges and disbursements for attorneys who may be employees of any Indemnitee, incurred by any Indemnitee or asserted against any Indemnitee by any Person (including the Borrower or any other Loan Party) other than such Indemnitee and its Related Parties arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of (i) the execution or delivery of this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby or thereby, the performance by the parties hereto of their respective obligations hereunder or thereunder, the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, or, in the case of the Administrative Agent (and any sub-agent thereof) and its Related Parties only, the administration of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents (including in respect of any matters addressed in Section 3.01), (ii) any Revolving Credit Loan or Letter of Credit or the use or proposed use of the proceeds therefrom (including any refusal by the L/C Issuer to honor a demand for payment under a Letter of Credit if the documents presented in connection with such demand do not strictly comply with the terms of such Letter of Credit), (iii) any actual or alleged presence or release of Hazardous Materials on or from any property owned or operated by any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries, or any Environmental Liability related in any way to any Loan Party or any of its Subsidiaries, or (iv) any actual or prospective claim, litigation, investigation or proceeding relating to any of the foregoing, whether based on contract, tort or any other theory, whether brought by a third party or by the Borrower or any other Loan Party, and regardless of whether any Indemnitee is a party thereto; provided that such indemnity shall not, as to any Indemnitee, be available to the extent that such losses, claims, damages, liabilities

 

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or related expenses (x) are determined by a court of competent jurisdiction by final and nonappealable judgment to have resulted from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee or (y) result from a claim brought by the Borrower or any other Loan Party against an Indemnitee for breach in bad faith of such Indemnitee’s obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document, if the Borrower or such Loan Party has obtained a final and nonappealable judgment in its favor on such claim as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction. Without limiting the provisions of Section 3.01(c), this Section 11.4(b) shall not apply with respect to Taxes other than any Taxes that represent losses, claims, damages, etc. arising from any non-Tax claim.

(c) Reimbursement by Lenders . To the extent that the Loan Parties for any reason fail to indefeasibly pay any amount required under subsection (a) or  (b) of this Section to be paid by them to the Administrative Agent (or any sub-agent thereof), the L/C Issuer or any Related Party of any of the foregoing, each Lender severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent), the L/C Issuer or such Related Party, as the case may be, such Lender’s pro rata share (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought based on each Lender’s share of the Total Credit Exposure at such time) of such unpaid amount (including any such unpaid amount in respect of a claim asserted by such Lender), such payment to be made severally among them based on such Lenders’ Applicable Percentage (determined as of the time that the applicable unreimbursed expense or indemnity payment is sought), provided, further that, the unreimbursed expense or indemnified loss, claim, damage, liability or related expense, as the case may be, was incurred by or asserted against the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent) or the L/C Issuer in its capacity as such, or against any Related Party of any of the foregoing acting for the Administrative Agent (or any such sub-agent) or the L/C Issuer in connection with such capacity. The obligations of the Lenders under this subsection (c) are subject to the provisions of Section 2.12(d) .

(d) Waiver of Consequential Damages, Etc. To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, each Loan Party shall not assert, and hereby waives, and acknowledges that no other Person shall have, any claim against any Indemnitee, on any theory of liability, for special, indirect, consequential or punitive damages (as opposed to direct or actual damages) arising out of, in connection with, or as a result of, this Agreement, any other Loan Document or any agreement or instrument contemplated hereby, the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby, any Revolving Credit Loan or Letter of Credit or the use of the proceeds thereof. No Indemnitee referred to in subsection (b)  above shall be liable for any damages arising from the use by unintended recipients of any information or other materials distributed to such unintended recipients by such Indemnitee through telecommunications, electronic or other information transmission systems in connection with this Agreement or the other Loan Documents or the transactions contemplated hereby or thereby other than for direct or actual damages resulting from the gross negligence or willful misconduct of such Indemnitee as determined by a final and nonappealable judgment of a court of competent jurisdiction.

(e) Payments . All amounts due under this Section shall be payable not later than ten Business Days after demand therefor.

(f) Survival . The agreements in this Section and the indemnity provisions of Section 11.02(e) shall survive the resignation of the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer, the replacement of any Lender, the termination of the Aggregate Commitments and the repayment, satisfaction or discharge of all the other Obligations.

 

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11.05 Payments Set Aside . To the extent that any payment by or on behalf of the Borrower is made to the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer or any Lender, or the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer or any Lender exercises its right of setoff, and such payment or the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer or such Lender in its discretion) to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party, in connection with any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Law or otherwise, then (a) to the extent of such recovery, the obligation or part thereof originally intended to be satisfied shall be revived and continued in full force and effect as if such payment had not been made or such setoff had not occurred, and (b) each Lender and the L/C Issuer severally agrees to pay to the Administrative Agent upon demand its applicable share (without duplication) of any amount so recovered from or repaid by the Administrative Agent, plus interest thereon from the date of such demand to the date such payment is made at a rate per annum equal to the Federal Funds Rate from time to time in effect. The obligations of the Lenders and the L/C Issuer under clause (b)  of the preceding sentence shall survive the payment in full of the Obligations and the termination of this Agreement.

11.06 Successors and Assigns .

(a) Successors and Assigns Generally . The provisions of this Agreement shall be binding upon and inure to the benefit of the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, except that neither the Borrower nor any other Loan Party may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent and each Lender and no Lender may assign or otherwise transfer any of its rights or obligations hereunder except (i) to an assignee in accordance with the provisions of subsection (b)  of this Section, (ii) by way of participation in accordance with the provisions of subsection (d)  of this Section, or (iii) by way of pledge or assignment of a security interest subject to the restrictions of subsection (f)  of this Section (and any other attempted assignment or transfer by any party hereto shall be null and void). Nothing in this Agreement, expressed or implied, shall be construed to confer upon any Person (other than the parties hereto, their respective successors and assigns permitted hereby, Participants to the extent provided in subsection (d)  of this Section and, to the extent expressly contemplated hereby, the Related Parties of each of the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer and the Lenders) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or by reason of this Agreement.

(b) Assignments by Lenders . Any Lender may at any time assign to one or more assignees all or a portion of its rights and obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and the Revolving Credit Loans (including for purposes of this subsection (b) , participations in L/C Obligations) at the time owing to it); provided that any such assignment shall be subject to the following conditions:

(i) Minimum Amounts .

(A) in the case of an assignment of the entire remaining amount of the assigning Lender’s Commitment and/or the Revolving Credit Loans at the time owing to it or contemporaneous assignments to related Approved Funds that equal at least the amount specified in paragraph (b)(i)(B) of this Section in the aggregate or in the case of an assignment to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund, no minimum amount need be assigned; and

 

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(B) in any case not described in subsection (b)(i)(A) of this Section, the aggregate amount of the Commitment (which for this purpose includes Revolving Credit Loans outstanding thereunder) or, if the Commitment is not then in effect, the principal outstanding balance of the Revolving Credit Loans of the assigning Lender subject to each such assignment, determined as of the date the Assignment and Assumption with respect to such assignment is delivered to the Administrative Agent or, if “Trade Date” is specified in the Assignment and Assumption, as of the Trade Date, shall not be less than $2,500,000 unless each of the Administrative Agent and, so long as no Event of Default has occurred and is continuing, the Borrower otherwise consents (each such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed).

(ii) Proportionate Amounts . Each partial assignment shall be made as an assignment of a proportionate part of all the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement with respect to the Revolving Credit Loans or the Commitment assigned, except that this clause (ii)  shall not prohibit any Lender from assigning all or a portion of its rights and obligations among the revolving credit facility provided hereunder and any separate revolving credit or term loan facilities provided pursuant to the last paragraph of Section 11.01 on a non-pro rata basis;

(iii) Required Consents . No consent shall be required for any assignment except to the extent required by subsection (b)(i)(B) of this Section and, in addition:

(A) the consent of the Borrower (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required unless (1) an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing at the time of such assignment or (2) such assignment is to a Lender, an Affiliate of a Lender or an Approved Fund; provided that the Borrower shall be deemed to have consented to any such assignment unless it shall object thereto by written notice to the Administrative Agent within five (5) Business Days after having received notice thereof;

(B) the consent of the Administrative Agent (such consent not to be unreasonably withheld or delayed) shall be required if such assignment is to a Person that is not a Lender; and

(C) the consent of the L/C Issuer shall be required for any assignment.

(iv) Assignment and Assumption . The parties to each assignment shall execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent an Assignment and Assumption, together with a processing and recordation fee in the amount of $3,500; provided , however , that

 

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the Administrative Agent may, in its sole discretion, elect to waive such processing and recordation fee in the case of any assignment. The assignee, if it is not a Lender, shall deliver to the Administrative Agent an Administrative Questionnaire.

(v) No Assignment to Certain Persons . No such assignment shall be made (A) to any Loan Party or any Loan Party’s Affiliates or Subsidiaries, (B) to any Defaulting Lender or any of its Subsidiaries, or any Person who, upon becoming a Lender hereunder, would constitute any of the foregoing Persons described in this clause (B) , or (C) to a natural Person.

(vi) Certain Additional Payments . In connection with any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder, no such assignment shall be effective unless and until, in addition to the other conditions thereto set forth herein, the parties to the assignment shall make such additional payments to the Administrative Agent in an aggregate amount sufficient, upon distribution thereof as appropriate (which may be outright payment, purchases by the assignee of participations or subparticipations, or other compensating actions, including funding, with the consent of the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, the applicable pro rata share of Revolving Credit Loans previously requested but not funded by the Defaulting Lender, to each of which the applicable assignee and assignor hereby irrevocably consent), to (x) pay and satisfy in full all payment liabilities then owed by such Defaulting Lender to the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer or any Lender hereunder (and interest accrued thereon) and (y) acquire (and fund as appropriate) its full pro rata share of all Revolving Credit Loans and participations in Letters of Credit in accordance with its Applicable Percentage. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that any assignment of rights and obligations of any Defaulting Lender hereunder shall become effective under applicable Law without compliance with the provisions of this paragraph, then the assignee of such interest shall be deemed to be a Defaulting Lender for all purposes of this Agreement until such compliance occurs.

Subject to acceptance and recording thereof by the Administrative Agent pursuant to subsection (c)  of this Section, from and after the effective date specified in each Assignment and Assumption, the assignee thereunder shall be a party to this Agreement and, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, have the rights and obligations of a Lender under this Agreement, and the assigning Lender thereunder shall, to the extent of the interest assigned by such Assignment and Assumption, be released from its obligations under this Agreement (and, in the case of an Assignment and Assumption covering all of the assigning Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement, such Lender shall cease to be a party hereto) but shall continue to be entitled to the benefits of Sections 3.01 , 3.04 , 3.05 , and 11.04 with respect to facts and circumstances occurring prior to the effective date of such assignment; provided , that except to the extent otherwise expressly agreed by the affected parties, no assignment by a Defaulting Lender will constitute a waiver or release of any claim of any party hereunder arising from that Lender’s having been a Defaulting Lender. Upon request, the Borrower (at its expense) shall execute and deliver a Note to the assignee Lender. Any assignment or transfer by a Lender of rights or obligations under this Agreement that does not comply with this subsection shall be treated for purposes of this Agreement as a sale by such Lender of a participation in such rights and obligations in accordance with subsection (d)  of this Section.

 

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(c) Register . The Administrative Agent, acting solely for this purpose as an agent of the Borrower (and such agency being solely for tax purposes), shall maintain at the Administrative Agent’s Office a copy of each Assignment and Assumption delivered to it (or the equivalent thereof in electronic form) and a register for the recordation of the names and addresses of the Lenders, and the Commitments of, and principal amounts (and stated interest) of the Revolving Credit Loans and L/C Obligations owing to, each Lender pursuant to the terms hereof from time to time (the “ Register ”). The entries in the Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and the Borrower, the Administrative Agent and the Lenders shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Register pursuant to the terms hereof as a Lender hereunder for all purposes of this Agreement. The Register shall be available for inspection by the Borrower and any Lender, at any reasonable time and from time to time upon reasonable prior notice.

(d) Participations . Any Lender may at any time, without the consent of, or notice to, the Borrower, the Administrative Agent or the L/C Issuer, sell participations to any Person (other than a natural Person, a Defaulting Lender or the Borrower or any of the Borrower’s Affiliates or Subsidiaries) (each, a “ Participant ”) in all or a portion of such Lender’s rights and/or obligations under this Agreement (including all or a portion of its Commitment and/or the Revolving Credit Loans (including such Lender’s participations in L/C Obligations) owing to it); provided that (i) such Lender’s obligations under this Agreement shall remain unchanged, (ii) such Lender shall remain solely responsible to the other parties hereto for the performance of such obligations and (iii) the Borrower, the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuer shall continue to deal solely and directly with such Lender in connection with such Lender’s rights and obligations under this Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, each Lender shall be responsible for the indemnity under Section 11.04(c) without regard to the existence of any participation.

Any agreement or instrument pursuant to which a Lender sells such a participation shall provide that such Lender shall retain the sole right to enforce this Agreement and to approve any amendment, modification or waiver of any provision of this Agreement; provided that such agreement or instrument may provide that such Lender will not, without the consent of the Participant, agree to any amendment, waiver or other modification described in the first proviso to Section 11.01 that affects such Participant. The Borrower agrees that each Participant shall be entitled to the benefits of Sections 3.01 , 3.04 and 3.05 to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to subsection (b)  of this Section (it being understood that the documentation required under Section 3.01(e) shall be delivered to the Lender who sells the participation) to the same extent as if it were a Lender and had acquired its interest by assignment pursuant to paragraph (b) of this Section; provided that such Participant (A) agrees to be subject to the provisions of Sections 3.06 and 11.13 as if it were an assignee under paragraph (b) of this Section and (B) shall not be entitled to receive any greater payment under Sections 3.01 or 3.04 , with respect to any participation, than the Lender from whom it acquired the applicable participation would have been entitled to receive, except to the extent such entitlement to receive a greater payment results from a Change in Law that occurs after the Participant acquired the applicable participation. Each Lender that sells a participation agrees, at the Borrower’s request and expense, to use reasonable efforts to cooperate with the Borrower to

 

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effectuate the provisions of Section 3.06 with respect to any Participant. To the extent permitted by law, each Participant also shall be entitled to the benefits of Section 11.08 as though it were a Lender; provided that such Participant agrees to be subject to Section 2.13 as though it were a Lender. Each Lender that sells a participation shall, acting solely for this purpose as a non-fiduciary agent of the Borrower, maintain a register on which it enters the name and address of each Participant and the principal amounts (and stated interest) of each Participant’s interest in the Loans or other obligations under the Loan Documents (the “ Participant Register ”); provided that no Lender shall have any obligation to disclose all or any portion of the Participant Register (including the identity of any Participant or any information relating to a Participant’s interest in any commitments, loans, letters of credit or its other obligations under any Loan Document) to any Person except to the extent that such disclosure is necessary to establish that such commitment, loan, letter of credit or other obligation is in registered form under Section 5f.103-1(c) of the United States Treasury Regulations. The entries in the Participant Register shall be conclusive absent manifest error, and such Lender shall treat each Person whose name is recorded in the Participant Register as the owner of such participation for all purposes of this Agreement notwithstanding any notice to the contrary. For the avoidance of doubt, the Administrative Agent (in its capacity as Administrative Agent) shall have no responsibility for maintaining a Participant Register.

(e) Certain Pledges . Any Lender may at any time pledge or assign a security interest in all or any portion of its rights under this Agreement (including under its Note, if any) to secure obligations of such Lender, including any pledge or assignment to secure obligations to a Federal Reserve Bank; provided that no such pledge or assignment shall release such Lender from any of its obligations hereunder or substitute any such pledgee or assignee for such Lender as a party hereto.

(f) Resignation as L/C Issuer after Assignment . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, if at any time Bank of America assigns all of its Commitment and Revolving Credit Loans pursuant to subsection (b)  above, Bank of America may, upon 30 days’ notice to the Borrower and the Lenders, resign as L/C Issuer. In the event of any such resignation as L/C Issuer, the Borrower shall be entitled to appoint from among the Lenders a successor L/C Issuer hereunder; provided , however , that no failure by the Borrower to appoint any such successor shall affect the resignation of Bank of America as L/C Issuer. If Bank of America resigns as L/C Issuer, it shall retain all the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the L/C Issuer hereunder with respect to all Letters of Credit outstanding as of the effective date of its resignation as L/C Issuer and all L/C Obligations with respect thereto (including the right to require the Lenders to make Base Rate Loans or fund risk participations in Unreimbursed Amounts pursuant to Section 2.03(c) ). Upon the appointment of a successor L/C Issuer, (a) such successor shall succeed to and become vested with all of the rights, powers, privileges and duties of the retiring L/C Issuer, and (b) the successor L/C Issuer shall issue letters of credit in substitution for the Letters of Credit, if any, outstanding at the time of such succession or make other arrangements satisfactory to Bank of America to effectively assume the obligations of Bank of America with respect to such Letters of Credit.

11.07 Treatment of Certain Information; Confidentiality . Each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuer agrees to maintain the confidentiality of the Information (as defined below), except that Information may be disclosed (a) to its Affiliates

 

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and to its Related Parties (it being understood that the Persons to whom such disclosure is made will be informed of the confidential nature of such Information and instructed to keep such Information confidential), (b) to the extent required or requested by any regulatory authority purporting to have jurisdiction over such Person or its Related Parties (including any self-regulatory authority, such as the National Association of Insurance Commissioners), (c) to the extent required by applicable laws or regulations or by any subpoena or similar legal process, (d) to any other party hereto, (e) in connection with the exercise of any remedies hereunder or under any other Loan Document or any action or proceeding relating to this Agreement or any other Loan Document or the enforcement of rights hereunder or thereunder, (f) subject to an agreement containing provisions substantially the same as those of this Section, to (i) any assignee of or Participant in, or any prospective assignee of or Participant in, any of its rights and obligations under this Agreement or any Eligible Assignee invited to be a Lender pursuant to Section 2.14(c) or Section 11.01 or (ii) any actual or prospective party (or its Related Parties) to any swap, derivative or other transaction under which payments are to be made by reference to the Borrower and its obligations, this Agreement or payments hereunder, (g) on a confidential basis to (i) any rating agency in connection with rating the Parent or its Subsidiaries or the credit facilities provided hereunder or (ii) the CUSIP Service Bureau or any similar agency in connection with the issuance and monitoring of CUSIP numbers or other market identifiers with respect to the credit facilities provided hereunder, (h) with the consent of the Borrower or (i) to the extent such Information (x) becomes publicly available other than as a result of a breach of this Section or (y) becomes available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender, the L/C Issuer or any of their respective Affiliates on a nonconfidential basis from a source other than a Loan Party. For purposes of this Section, “Information” means all information received from the Parent or any Subsidiary thereof relating to the Parent or any Subsidiary thereof or any of their respective businesses, other than any such information that is available to the Administrative Agent, any Lender or the L/C Issuer on a nonconfidential basis prior to disclosure by the Parent or any Subsidiary thereof, provided that, in the case of information received from the Parent or any Subsidiary thereof after the date hereof, such information is clearly identified at the time of delivery as confidential. Any Person required to maintain the confidentiality of Information as provided in this Section shall be considered to have complied with its obligation to do so if such Person has exercised the same degree of care to maintain the confidentiality of such Information as such Person would accord to its own confidential information.

Each of the Administrative Agent, the Lenders and the L/C Issuer acknowledges that (a) the Information may include material non-public information concerning the Parent or a Subsidiary thereof, as the case may be, (b) it has developed compliance procedures regarding the use of material non-public information and (c) it will handle such material non-public information in accordance with applicable Law, including United States Federal and state securities Laws.

11.08 Right of Setoff . If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, each Lender, the L/C Issuer and each of their respective Affiliates is hereby authorized at any time and from time to time, after obtaining the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent, to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, to set off and apply any and all deposits (general or special, time or demand, provisional or final, in whatever currency) at any time held and other obligations (in whatever currency) at any time owing by such Lender, the L/C Issuer or any such Affiliate to or for the credit or the account of the Borrower or any other Loan Party against any

 

128


and all of the obligations of the Borrower or such Loan Party now or hereafter existing under this Agreement or any other Loan Document to such Lender or the L/C Issuer or their respective Affiliates, irrespective of whether or not such Lender, L/C Issuer or Affiliate shall have made any demand under this Agreement or any other Loan Document and although such obligations of the Borrower or such Loan Party may be contingent or unmatured or are owed to a branch, office or Affiliate of such Lender or the L/C Issuer different from the branch, office or Affiliate holding such deposit or obligated on such indebtedness; provided, that in the event that any Defaulting Lender shall exercise any such right of setoff, (x) all amounts so set off shall be paid over immediately to the Administrative Agent for further application in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.16 and, pending such payment, shall be segregated by such Defaulting Lender from its other funds and deemed held in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the L/C Issuer and the Lenders, and (y) the Defaulting Lender shall provide promptly to the Administrative Agent a statement describing in reasonable detail the Obligations owing to such Defaulting Lender as to which it exercised such right of setoff. The rights of each Lender, the L/C Issuer and their respective Affiliates under this Section are in addition to other rights and remedies (including other rights of setoff) that such Lender, the L/C Issuer or their respective Affiliates may have. Each Lender and the L/C Issuer agrees to notify the Borrower and the Administrative Agent promptly after any such setoff and application, provided that the failure to give such notice shall not affect the validity of such setoff and application.

11.09 Interest Rate Limitation . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in any Loan Document, the interest paid or agreed to be paid under the Loan Documents shall not exceed the maximum rate of non-usurious interest permitted by applicable Law (the “ Maximum Rate ”). If the Administrative Agent or any Lender shall receive interest in an amount that exceeds the Maximum Rate, the excess interest shall be applied to the principal of the Revolving Credit Loans or, if it exceeds such unpaid principal, refunded to the Borrower. In determining whether the interest contracted for, charged, or received by the Administrative Agent or a Lender exceeds the Maximum Rate, such Person may, to the extent permitted by applicable Law, (a) characterize any payment that is not principal as an expense, fee, or premium rather than interest, (b) exclude voluntary prepayments and the effects thereof, and (c) amortize, prorate, allocate, and spread in equal or unequal parts the total amount of interest throughout the contemplated term of the Obligations hereunder.

11.10 Counterparts; Integration; Effectiveness . This Agreement may be executed in counterparts (and by different parties hereto in different counterparts), each of which shall constitute an original, but all of which when taken together shall constitute a single contract. This Agreement, the other Loan Documents, and any separate letter agreements with respect to fees payable to the Administrative Agent or the L/C Issuer, constitute the entire contract among the parties relating to the subject matter hereof and supersede any and all previous agreements and understandings, oral or written, relating to the subject matter hereof. Except as provided in Section 4.01 , this Agreement shall become effective when it shall have been executed by the Administrative Agent and when the Administrative Agent shall have received counterparts hereof that, when taken together, bear the signatures of each of the other parties hereto. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Agreement by facsimile or other electronic imaging means (e.g. “pdf” or “tif”) shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.

 

129


11.11 Survival of Representations and Warranties . All representations and warranties made hereunder and in any other Loan Document or other document delivered pursuant hereto or thereto or in connection herewith or therewith shall survive the execution and delivery hereof and thereof. Such representations and warranties have been or will be relied upon by the Administrative Agent and each Lender, regardless of any investigation made by the Administrative Agent or any Lender or on their behalf and notwithstanding that the Administrative Agent or any Lender may have had notice or knowledge of any Default at the time of any Credit Extension, and shall continue in full force and effect as long as any Revolving Credit Loan or any other Obligation hereunder shall remain unpaid or unsatisfied or any Letter of Credit shall remain outstanding.

11.12 Severability . If any provision of this Agreement or the other Loan Documents is held to be illegal, invalid or unenforceable, (a) the legality, validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement and the other Loan Documents shall not be affected or impaired thereby and (b) the parties shall endeavor in good faith negotiations to replace the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions with valid provisions the economic effect of which comes as close as possible to that of the illegal, invalid or unenforceable provisions. The invalidity of a provision in a particular jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction. Without limiting the foregoing provisions of this Section 11.12 , if and to the extent that the enforceability of any provisions in this Agreement relating to Defaulting Lenders shall be limited by Debtor Relief Laws, as determined in good faith by the Administrative Agent or the L/C Issuer, as applicable, then such provisions shall be deemed to be in effect only to the extent not so limited.

11.13 Replacement of Lenders . If (i) the Borrower is entitled to replace a Lender pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.06 , or (ii) any Lender is a Defaulting Lender or a Non-Consenting Lender, (iii) a Lender refuses to fund all or any portion of its Revolving Credit Loans within two Business Days of the date such Revolving Credit Loans were required to be funded hereunder as a result of such Lender’s determination that one or more conditions precedent to funding same have not been satisfied, notwithstanding that the Required Lenders have determined that such conditions precedent have been satisfied, and such refusal continues for more than ninety (90) consecutive days or (iv) a Lender has notified the Borrower, the Administrative Agent or the L/C Issuer in writing that it does not intend to comply with its funding obligations hereunder, or has made a public statement to that effect, as a result of such Lender’s determination that one or more conditions precedent to funding same cannot be satisfied, notwithstanding that the Required Lenders have determined that such conditions precedent can be satisfied, and such notice or statement (as applicable) is not revoked or otherwise superseded within ninety (90) days of the date furnished or made (as applicable), then the Borrower may, at its sole expense and effort, upon notice to such Lender and the Administrative Agent, require such Lender to assign and delegate, without recourse (in accordance with and subject to the restrictions contained in, and consents required by, Section 11.06 ), all of its interests, rights (other than its existing rights to payments pursuant to Sections 3.01 and 3.04 ) and obligations under this Agreement and the related Loan Documents to an Eligible Assignee that shall assume such obligations (which assignee may be another Lender, if a Lender accepts such assignment), provided that:

(a) the Borrower shall have paid to the Administrative Agent the assignment fee (if any) specified in Section 11.06(b) ;

 

130


(b) such Lender shall have received payment of an amount equal to the outstanding principal of its Revolving Credit Loans and L/C Advances, accrued interest thereon, accrued fees and all other amounts payable to it hereunder and under the other Loan Documents (including any amounts under Section 3.05 ) from the assignee (to the extent of such outstanding principal and accrued interest and fees) or the Borrower (in the case of all other amounts);

(c) in the case of any such assignment resulting from a claim for compensation under Section 3.04 or payments required to be made pursuant to Section 3.01 , such assignment will result in a reduction in such compensation or payments thereafter;

(d) such assignment does not conflict with applicable Laws; and

(e) in the case of an assignment resulting from a Lender becoming a Non-Consenting Lender, the applicable assignee shall have consented to the applicable amendment, waiver or consent.

A Lender shall not be required to make any such assignment or delegation if, prior thereto, as a result of a waiver by such Lender or otherwise, the circumstances entitling the Borrower to require such assignment and delegation cease to apply.

11.14 Governing Law; Jurisdiction; Etc.

(a) GOVERNING LAW . THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS AND ANY CLAIMS, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT (EXCEPT, AS TO ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT, AS EXPRESSLY SET FORTH THEREIN) AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY AND THEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

(b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION . THE BORROWER AND EACH OTHER LOAN PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT COMMENCE ANY ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING OF ANY KIND OR DESCRIPTION, WHETHER IN LAW OR EQUITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR IN TORT OR OTHERWISE, AGAINST THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ANY LENDER, THE L/C ISSUER, OR ANY RELATED PARTY OF THE FOREGOING IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS RELATING HERETO OR THERETO, IN ANY FORUM OTHER THAN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SITTING IN NEW YORK COUNTY AND OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND

 

131


DETERMINED IN SUCH NEW YORK STATE COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT OR IN ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ANY LENDER OR THE L/C ISSUER MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT AGAINST THE BORROWER OR ANY OTHER LOAN PARTY OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION.

(c) WAIVER OF VENUE . THE BORROWER AND EACH OTHER LOAN PARTY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH (B) OF THIS SECTION. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT.

(d) SERVICE OF PROCESS . EACH PARTY HERETO IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR NOTICES IN SECTION 11.02 . NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT WILL AFFECT THE RIGHT OF ANY PARTY HERETO TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY OTHER MANNER PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.

11.15 Waiver of Jury Trial . EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR ANY OTHER LOAN DOCUMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY OR THEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION.

11.16 No Advisory or Fiduciary Responsibility . In connection with all aspects of each transaction contemplated hereby (including in connection with any amendment, waiver or other modification hereof or of any other Loan Document), the Borrower and each other Loan

 

132


Party acknowledges and agrees, and acknowledges its Affiliates’ understanding, that: (i) (A) the arranging and other services regarding this Agreement provided by the Administrative Agent , the Arranger, and the Lenders are arm’s-length commercial transactions between the Borrower, each other Loan Party and their respective Affiliates, on the one hand, and the Administrative Agent , the Arranger, and the Lenders, on the other hand, (B) the Borrower and the other Loan Parties has consulted its own legal, accounting, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent it has deemed appropriate, and (C) the Borrower and each other Loan Party is capable of evaluating, and understands and accepts, the terms, risks and conditions of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the other Loan Documents; (ii) (A) the Administrative Agent , the Arranger and each Lender is and has been acting solely as a principal and, except as expressly agreed in writing by the relevant parties, has not been, is not, and will not be acting as an advisor, agent or fiduciary for the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any of their respective Affiliates, or any other Person and (B) neither the Administrative Agent , the Arranger nor any Lender has any obligation to the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any of their respective Affiliates with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby except those obligations expressly set forth herein and in the other Loan Documents; and (iii) the Administrative Agent , the Arranger and the Lenders and their respective Affiliates may be engaged in a broad range of transactions that involve interests that differ from those of the Borrower, the other Loan Parties and their respective Affiliates, and neither the Administrative Agent , the Arranger, nor any Lender has any obligation to disclose any of such interests to the Borrower, any other Loan Party or any of their respective Affiliates. To the fullest extent permitted by law, the Borrower and each other Loan Party hereby waives and releases any claims that it may have against the Administrative Agent , the Arranger or any Lender with respect to any breach or alleged breach of agency or fiduciary duty in connection with any aspect of any transaction contemplated hereby.

11.17 Electronic Execution of Assignments and Certain Other Documents . The words “execute,” “execution,” “signed,” “signature,” and words of like import in any Assignment and Assumption or in any amendment or other modification hereof (including waivers and consents) shall be deemed to include electronic signatures, the electronic matching of assignment terms and contract formations on electronic platforms approved by the Administrative Agent, or the keeping of records in electronic form, each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or enforceability as a manually executed signature or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, to the extent and as provided for in any applicable law, including the Federal Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act, the New York State Electronic Signatures and Records Act, or any other similar state laws based on the Uniform Electronic Transactions Act.

11.18 USA PATRIOT Act . Each Lender that is subject to the Act (as hereinafter defined) and the Administrative Agent (for itself and not on behalf of any Lender) hereby notifies the Loan Parties that pursuant to the requirements of the USA PATRIOT Act (Title III of Pub. L. 107-56 (signed into law October 26, 2001)) (the “ Act ”), it is required to obtain, verify and record information that identifies each Loan Party, which information includes the name and address of each Loan Party and other information that will allow such Lender or the Administrative Agent, as applicable, to identify each Loan Party in accordance with the Act. The Loan Parties shall, promptly following a request by the Administrative Agent or any Lender, provide all documentation and other information that the Administrative Agent or such Lender requests in order to comply with its ongoing obligations under applicable “know your customer” and anti-money laundering rules and regulations, including the Act.

 

133


11.19 Termination of Availability Period . Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein or elsewhere, the commitment of each Lender to make Revolving Credit Loans and any obligation of the L/C Issuer to make L/C Credit Extensions under this Agreement shall terminate on March 19, 2013 if the initial Credit Extension does not occur prior to such time.

 

134


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be duly executed as of the date first above written.

 

BORROWER:
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL LEASING COMPANY, LLC
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:  

Stephen G. Schmitz

Title:  

Chief Executive Officer

GUARANTORS:
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:  

Stephen G. Schmitz

Title:  

Chief Executive Officer

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:  

Stephen G. Schmitz

Title:  

Chief Executive Officer

 

S - 1


AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.
By: American Residential GP, LLC, its general partner
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:  

Stephen G. Schmitz

Title:  

Chief Executive Officer

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

Name:  

Stephen G. Schmitz

Title:  

Chief Executive Officer

 

S - 2


BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as
Administrative Agent
By:  

/s/ Michael W. Edwards

Name:  

Michael W. Edwards

Title:  

Senior Vice President

 

S - 3


BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as a Lender and L/C Issuer
By:  

/s/ Michael W. Edwards

Name:  

Michael W. Edwards

Title:  

Senior Vice President

 

S - 4


MORGAN STANLEY SENIOR FUNDING, INC. , as a Lender
By:  

/s/ Michael King

Name:  

Michael King

Title:  

Vice President

 

S - 5


JEFFERIES GROUP, INC. , as a Lender
By:  

/s/ John Stacconi

Name:  

John Stacconi

Title:  

Global Treasurer

 

S - 6


RAYMOND JAMES BANK, N.A. , as a Lender
By:  

/s/ James M. Armstrong

Name:  

James M. Armstrong

Title:  

Senior Vice President

 

S - 7


EXHIBIT A

FORM OF LOAN NOTICE

Date:             ,         

 

To:    Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is made to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “ Agreement ;” the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Borrower ”), American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer.

The undersigned hereby requests (select one):

 

   ¨ A Borrowing of Revolving Credit Loans
   ¨ A conversion or continuation of Revolving Credit Loans

1.

           On                                                               (a Business Day).

2.

           In the amount of $         .

3.

           Comprised of                                                              .
                                        [Type of Revolving Credit Loan requested]

4. For Eurodollar Rate Loans: with an Interest Period of      months.

5. The Revolving Credit Loans, if any, borrowed hereunder shall be disbursed to the following deposit account:

                                         

                                         

                                         

The Borrowing, if any, requested herein complies with the proviso to Section 2.01 of the Agreement.

 

A-1 -1

Form of Loan Notice


[The Borrower hereby represents and warrants that the conditions specified in Sections 4.02(a) , (b) , and (d)  have been satisfied on and as of the date of the proposed Credit Extension.] 1

 

[BORROWER]
By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title:  

 

 

1  

Only applicable to a Borrowing

 

A-1 -2

Form of Loan Notice


EXHIBIT B

FORM OF NOTE

 

                    

FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned (the “ Borrower ”), hereby promises to pay to                      or registered assigns (the “ Lender ”), in accordance with the provisions of the Agreement (as hereinafter defined), the principal amount of each Revolving Credit Loan from time to time made by the Lender to the Borrower under that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “ Agreement ;” the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among the Borrower, American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer.

The Borrower promises to pay interest on the unpaid principal amount of each Revolving Credit Loan from the date of such Revolving Credit Loan until such principal amount is paid in full, at such interest rates and at such times as provided in the Agreement. All payments of principal and interest shall be made to the Administrative Agent for the account of the Lender in Dollars in immediately available funds at the Administrative Agent’s Office. If any amount is not paid in full when due hereunder, such unpaid amount shall bear interest, to be paid upon demand, from the due date thereof until the date of actual payment (and before as well as after judgment) computed at the per annum rate set forth in the Agreement.

This Note is one of the Notes referred to in the Agreement, is entitled to the benefits thereof and may be prepaid in whole or in part subject to the terms and conditions provided therein. This Note is also entitled to the benefits of the Guaranty and is secured by the Collateral. Upon the occurrence and continuation of one or more of the Events of Default specified in the Agreement, all amounts then remaining unpaid on this Note shall become, or may be declared to be, immediately due and payable all as provided in the Agreement. Revolving Credit Loans made by the Lender shall be evidenced by one or more loan accounts or records maintained by the Lender in the ordinary course of business. The Lender may also attach schedules to this Note and endorse thereon the date, amount and maturity of its Revolving Credit Loans and payments with respect thereto.

The Borrower, for itself, its successors and assigns, hereby waives diligence, presentment, protest and demand and notice of protest, demand, dishonor and non-payment of this Note.

 

B -1

Form of Note


THIS NOTE SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL LEASING COMPANY, LLC
By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title:  

 

 

B -2

Form of Note


REVOLVING CREDIT LOANS AND PAYMENTS WITH RESPECT THERETO

 

Date

 

Type of
Revolving
Credit Loan
Made

 

Amount of
Revolving
Credit Loan
Made

 

End of
Interest
Period

 

Amount of
Principal
or Interest
Paid This
Date

 

Outstanding
Principal
Balance
This Date

 

Notation
Made By

           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           
           

 

B -3

Form of Note


EXHIBIT C

FORM OF COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

Financial Statement Date:                     ,

 

To:    Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent

Ladies and Gentlemen:

Reference is made to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “ Agreement ;” the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Parent ”), American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential GP ”), American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Borrower ”), American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer.

The undersigned Responsible Officer hereby certifies as of the date hereof that he/she is the                                          of the Borrower, and that, as such, he/she is authorized to execute and deliver this Certificate to the Administrative Agent on the behalf of the Borrower, and that:

[Use following paragraph 1 for fiscal year-end financial statements]

1. The Loan Parties have delivered the year-end audited financial statements required by Section 6.01(a) of the Agreement for the fiscal year of the Parent ended as of the above date, together with the report and opinion of an independent certified public accountant required by such section.

[Use following paragraph 1 for fiscal quarter-end financial statements]

1. The Loan Parties have delivered the unaudited financial statements required by Section 6.01(b) of the Agreement for the fiscal quarter of the Parent ended as of the above date. Such financial statements fairly present the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the Consolidated Group in accordance with GAAP as at such date and for such period, subject only to normal year-end audit adjustments and the absence of footnotes.

2. The undersigned has reviewed and is familiar with the terms of the Agreement and has made, or has caused to be made under his/her supervision, a detailed review of the transactions and condition (financial or otherwise) of the Loan Parties during the accounting period covered by such financial statements.

3. A review of the activities of the Loan Parties during such fiscal period has been made under the supervision of the undersigned with a view to determining whether during such fiscal period the Loan Parties performed and observed all its Obligations under the Loan Documents, and

[select one:]

 

C -1

Form of Compliance Certificate


[to the best knowledge of the undersigned, during such fiscal period each Loan Party performed and observed each covenant and condition of the Loan Documents applicable to it, and no Default has occurred and is continuing.]

—or—

[to the best knowledge of the undersigned, during such fiscal period the following covenants or conditions have not been performed or observed and the following is a list of each such Default and its nature and status:]

4. The representations and warranties of the Parent and the Borrowers contained in Article V of the Agreement, and any representations and warranties of any Loan Party that are contained in any document furnished at any time under or in connection with the Loan Documents, are true and correct on and as of the date hereof, except to the extent that such representations and warranties specifically refer to an earlier date, in which case they are true and correct as of such earlier date, and except that for purposes of this Compliance Certificate, the representation and warranty contained in subsection (a) of Section 5.05 shall be deemed to refer to the most recent statements furnished pursuant to subsection (a) or (b) of Section 6.01 (except, if the most recent statements were furnished pursuant to Section 6.01(a) , the qualification in Section 5.05(a) as to the absence of footnotes and normal year-end audit adjustments shall not apply to such statements), including the statements in connection with which this Compliance Certificate is delivered.

5. The financial covenant analyses and information set forth on Schedule 1 attached hereto are true and accurate on and as of the date of this Certificate.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned has executed this Certificate as of             ,         .

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL LEASING COMPANY, LLC
By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title:  

 

 

C -2

Form of Compliance Certificate


For the Quarter/Year ended                                          (“ Statement Date ”)

SCHEDULE 1

to the Compliance Certificate

($ in 000’s)

 

I.    Section 7.11(a) – Maximum Leverage Ratio.   
   A.    Total Indebtedness at Statement Date:      $               
   B.    Total Asset Value at Statement Date:   
      1.    Book value of the total assets of the Consolidated Group on Statement Date determined in accordance with GAAP:      $               
      2.    All accumulated depreciation and amortization of Acquired Lease Intangibles of the Consolidated Group as of Statement Date determined in accordance with GAAP:      $               
      3.    Total Asset Value as at Statement Date (Line I.B.1. + Line I.B.2.) :      $               
           
   C.    Maximum Total Indebtedness Permitted:   
      [40% of Total Asset Value at Statement Date (40% of Line I.B.3.)] 2 [60% of Total Asset Value at Statement Date (60% of Line I.B.3.)] 3 :      $               
   Excess (deficient) for covenant compliance (Line I.C. - I.A.):   
   D.    Ratio of Total Indebtedness to Total Asset Value   
      (Line A/Line B):   
II.    Section 7.11(b) – Minimum Tangible Net Worth.   
   A.    Tangible Net Worth at Statement Date:   
      1.    Total Equity of the Consolidate Group at Statement Date:      $               
      2.    All intangible assets (other than Acquired Lease Intangibles) of the Consolidated Group at Statement Date:      $               

 

2   To be used if on the Statement Date the aggregate Investment Property Values for all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is less than $300,000,000
3   To be used if on the Statement Date the aggregate Investment Property Values for all Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount is less than $300,000,000

 

C -3

Form of Compliance Certificate


      3.    all accumulated depreciation and amortization of Acquired Lease Intangibles of the Consolidated Group at Statement Date:      $               
      4.    Tangible Net Worth at Statement Date (Line II.A.1. - (Line II.A.2.) + Line II.A.3) :      $               
   B.    75% of Net Cash Proceeds received by the Parent from issuances and sales of Equity Interests of the Parent occurring after the Closing Date and on or prior to Statement Date (other than any such Net Cash Proceeds received from Subsidiaries of the Parent or in connection with any dividend reinvestment program):      $               
   C.    Minimum required Consolidated Tangible Net Worth   
      (Lines II.B + plus $258,780,000):   
      Excess (deficient) for covenant compliance (Line II.A.4.-II.C.) :      $               
III.    Section 7.11 (c) – Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio.   
   A.    EBITDA for the [fiscal quarter of the Parent ending on Statement Date (“ Subject Period ”)] 4 [period of four consecutive fiscal quarters of the Parent ending on Statement Date (“ Subject Period ”)] 5 :   
      1.    Net Income for Subject Period:      $               
      2.    Non-recurring or extraordinary losses for Subject Period:      $               
      3.    Any loss resulting from the early extinguishment of indebtedness during Subject Period:      $               
      4.    Net loss resulting from a Swap Contract (including by virtue of a termination thereof) during Subject Period:      $               
      5.    Non-recurring or extraordinary gains for Subject Period:      $               
      6.    Non-cash equity compensation expense incurred during Subject Period:      $               
      7.    Income or gain resulting from the early extinguishment of indebtedness during Subject Period:      $               

 

4   To be used for each Statement Date occurring prior to March 31, 2014
5   To be used for each Statement Date occurring on or after March 31, 2014

 

C -4

Form of Compliance Certificate


      8.    Net income or gain resulting from a Swap Contract (including by virtue of a termination thereof) during Subject Period:      $               
      9.    An amount which, in the determination of Net Income pursuant to clauses 1. - 7. of this Line III.A for Subject Period, has been deducted for or in connection with:   
        

a.       Interest Expense determined in accordance with GAAP (plus, amortization of deferred financing costs, to the extent included in the determination of Interest Expense in accordance with GAAP) for Subject Period:

     $               
        

b.       Income taxes determined in accordance with GAAP for Subject Period:

     $               
        

c.       Depreciation determined in accordance with GAAP for Subject Period:

     $               
        

d.       Amortization determined in accordance with GAAP for Subject Period:

     $               
        

e.       Specified EBITDA addbacks (Line III.A.9.a. + Line III.A.9.b + Line III.A.9.c. + Line III.A.9.d.):

     $               
      10.    Consolidated Group Pro Rata Share of the items listed in Lines III.A.1. - III.A.9. attributable to the Consolidated Group’s interests in Unconsolidated Affiliates:      $               
      11.    EBITDA for Subject Period (Line III.A.1. + Line III.A.2. + Line III.A.3. + Line III.A.4. + Line III.A.5. - Line III.A.6. - Line III.A.7. - Line III.A.8. - Line III.A.9.e. + Line III.A.10:      $               
   B.    Fixed Charges for Subject Period:   
      1.    Interest Expense for Subject Period (excluding amortization of deferred financing costs, to the extent included in the determination of Interest Expense in accordance with GAAP:      $               
      2.    Scheduled payments of principal on Total Indebtedness made or required to be made during Subject Period (excluding any balloon payments payable on maturity of any such Total Indebtedness):      $               
      3.    Amount of dividends or distributions paid or required to be paid by any member of the Consolidated Group [to any Person that is not a member of the Consolidated Group] during Subject Period in respect of its preferred Equity Interests:      $               

 

C -5

Form of Compliance Certificate


      4.    Consolidated Group Pro Rata Share of the items listed in Lines III.B.1. - 3. attributable to the Consolidated Group’s interests in Unconsolidated Affiliates:      $               
      5.    Consolidated Fixed Charges (Line III.B.1 + Line III.B.2. + Line III.B.3. + Line III.B.4.)):      $               
   C.    Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio (Line III.A.10. ÷ Line III.B.5.):                   to 1   
      Minimum required: [1.00 to 1.00] 6 [1.50 to 1.50] 7 [1.75 to 1.00] 8   
IV.    Section 7.11(d) – Minimum Liquidity.   
   A.    Unrestricted Cash on Statement Date:   
      1.    Aggregate amount of cash and Cash Equivalents of the Parent and its Subsidiaries on Statement Date that are not subject to any pledge, Lien or control agreement (excluding statutory Liens in favor of any depositary bank where such cash and Cash Equivalents are maintained):      $               
      2.    Sum of amounts included in the foregoing clause (1) that are held by a Person other than the Parent or any of its Subsidiaries as a deposit or security for Contractual Obligations:      $               
      3.    Unrestricted Cash (Line IV.A.1 - Line IV.A.2.):      $               
         Minimum required:   
      [$15,000,000] 9 [$10,000,000] 10   

 

6   Minimum amount required for the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Parent ending September 30, 2013
7   Minimum amount required for the last day of the fiscal quarter of the Parent ending December 31, 2013
8   Minimum amount required for the last day of each fiscal quarter of the Parent ending on or after March 31, 2014
9   Minimum required at all times prior to the date of delivery by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent of a Compliance Certificate for the fiscal quarter of the Parent ending March 31, 2014 demonstrating that the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for such fiscal quarter is at least 1.75 to 1.00
10   Minimum required at all times on and after the date of delivery by the Borrower to the Administrative Agent of a Compliance Certificate for the fiscal quarter of the Parent ending March 31, 2014 demonstrating that the Fixed Charge Coverage Ratio for such fiscal quarter is at least 1.75 to 1.00

 

C -6

Form of Compliance Certificate


EXHIBIT D-1

ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION

This Assignment and Assumption (this “ Assignment and Assumption ”) is dated as of the Effective Date set forth below and is entered into by and between [the][each] 11 Assignor identified in item 1 below ([the][each, an] “ Assignor ”) and [the][each] 12 Assignee identified in item 2 below ([the][each, an] “ Assignee ”). [It is understood and agreed that the rights and obligations of [the Assignors][the Assignees] 13 hereunder are several and not joint.] 14 Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement identified below (as amended, the “ Credit Agreement ”), receipt of a copy of which is hereby acknowledged by the Assignee. The Standard Terms and Conditions set forth in Annex 1 attached hereto are hereby agreed to and incorporated herein by reference and made a part of this Assignment and Assumption as if set forth herein in full.

For an agreed consideration, [the][each] Assignor hereby irrevocably sells and assigns to [the Assignee][the respective Assignees], and [the][each] Assignee hereby irrevocably purchases and assumes from [the Assignor][the respective Assignors], subject to and in accordance with the Standard Terms and Conditions and the Credit Agreement, as of the Effective Date inserted by the Administrative Agent as contemplated below (i) all of [the Assignor’s][the respective Assignors’] rights and obligations in [its capacity as a Lender][their respective capacities as Lenders] under the Credit Agreement and any other documents or instruments delivered pursuant thereto in the amount[s] and equal to the percentage interest[s] identified below of all the outstanding rights and obligations under the respective facilities identified below (including, without limitation, the Letters of Credit included in such facilities) and (ii) to the extent permitted to be assigned under applicable law, all claims, suits, causes of action and any other right of [the Assignor (in its capacity as a Lender)][the respective Assignors (in their respective capacities as Lenders)] against any Person, whether known or unknown, arising under or in connection with the Credit Agreement, any other documents or instruments delivered pursuant thereto or the loan transactions governed thereby or in any way based on or related to any of the foregoing, including, but not limited to, contract claims, tort claims, malpractice claims, statutory claims and all other claims at law or in equity related to the rights and obligations sold and assigned pursuant to clause (i) above (the rights and obligations sold and assigned by [the][any] Assignor to [the][any] Assignee pursuant to clauses (i) and (ii) above being referred to herein collectively as [the][an] “ Assigned Interest ”). Each such sale and assignment is without recourse to [the][any] Assignor and, except as expressly provided in this Assignment and Assumption, without representation or warranty by [the][any] Assignor.

 

1.      Assignor[s] :                                             
                                                 

 

11  

For bracketed language here and elsewhere in this form relating to the Assignor(s), if the assignment is from a single Assignor, choose the first bracketed language. If the assignment is from multiple Assignors, choose the second bracketed language.

12  

For bracketed language here and elsewhere in this form relating to the Assignee(s), if the assignment is to a single Assignee, choose the first bracketed language. If the assignment is to multiple Assignees, choose the second bracketed language.

13  

Select as appropriate.

14  

Include bracketed language if there are either multiple Assignors or multiple Assignees.

 

D-1 - 1

Form of Assignment and Assumption


[Assignor [is] [is not] a Defaulting Lender]

 

2.   Assignee[s] :                                               
                                                
  [for each Assignee, indicate [Affiliate][Approved Fund] of [ identify Lender ]]

 

3. Borrower : American Residential Leasing Company, LLC

 

4. Administrative Agent : Bank of America, N.A., as the administrative agent under the Credit Agreement

 

5. Credit Agreement : Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013, among American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), Borrower, American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer

 

6. Assigned Interest[s] :

 

Assignor[s] 15

  Assignee[s] 16   Facility
Assigned
  Aggregate
Amount of
Commitment/

Revolving
Credit Loans
for all
Lenders 17
    Amount of
Commitment/

Revolving
Credit Loans
Assigned
    Percentage
Assigned of
Commitment/
Revolving
Credit
Loans 18
    CUSIP
Number
      $                   $                                   
      $        $                        
      $        $                        

 

[7. Trade Date :                                                ] 19

Effective Date:             , 20     [TO BE INSERTED BY ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AND WHICH SHALL BE THE EFFECTIVE DATE OF RECORDATION OF TRANSFER IN THE REGISTER THEREFOR.]

 

15  

List each Assignor, as appropriate.

16  

List each Assignee and, if available, its market entity identifier, as appropriate.

17  

Amounts in this column and in the column immediately to the right to be adjusted by the counterparties to take into account any payments or prepayments made between the Trade Date and the Effective Date.

18  

Set forth, to at least 9 decimals, as a percentage of the Commitment/Revolving Credit Loans of all Lenders thereunder.

19  

To be completed if the Assignor and the Assignee intend that the minimum assignment amount is to be determined as of the Trade Date.

 

D-1 - 2

Form of Assignment and Assumption


The terms set forth in this Assignment and Assumption are hereby agreed to:

 

ASSIGNOR[S] 20
[NAME OF ASSIGNOR]
By:  

 

[NAME OF ASSIGNOR]
By:  

 

  Title:
ASSIGNEE[S] 21
[NAME OF ASSIGNEE]
By:  

 

  Title:
[NAME OF ASSIGNEE]
By:  

 

  Title:

 

20  

Add additional signature blocks as needed. Include both Fund/Pension Plan and manager making the trade (if applicable).

21  

Add additional signature blocks as needed. Include both Fund/Pension Plan and manager making the trade (if applicable).

 

D-1 - 3

Form of Assignment and Assumption


[Consented to and] 22 Accepted:
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent
By:  

 

  Title:
BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as L/C Issuer
By:  

 

  Title:
[Consented to:] 23
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL LEASING COMPANY, LLC
By:  

 

  Title:

 

22  

To be added only if the consent of the Administrative Agent and/or L/C Issuer is required by the terms of the Credit Agreement.

23  

To be added only if the consent of the Borrower is required by the terms of the Credit Agreement.

 

D-1 - 4

Form of Assignment and Assumption


ANNEX 1 TO ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION

STANDARD TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR

ASSIGNMENT AND ASSUMPTION

1. Representations and Warranties .

1.1. Assignor . [The][Each] Assignor (a) represents and warrants that (i) it is the legal and beneficial owner of [the][[the relevant] Assigned Interest, (ii) [the][such] Assigned Interest is free and clear of any lien, encumbrance or other adverse claim, (iii) it has full power and authority, and has taken all action necessary, to execute and deliver this Assignment and Assumption and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and (iv) it is [not] a Defaulting Lender; and (b) assumes no responsibility with respect to (i) any statements, warranties or representations made in or in connection with the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, (ii) the execution, legality, validity, enforceability, genuineness, sufficiency or value of the Loan Documents or any collateral thereunder, (iii) the financial condition of the Borrower, any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any other Person obligated in respect of any Loan Document or (iv) the performance or observance by the Borrower, any of its Subsidiaries or Affiliates or any other Person of any of their respective obligations under any Loan Document.

1.2. Assignee . [The][Each] Assignee (a) represents and warrants that (i) it has full power and authority, and has taken all action necessary, to execute and deliver this Assignment and Assumption and to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby and to become a Lender under the Credit Agreement, (ii) it meets all the requirements to be an assignee under Section 10.06(b)(iii) and (v)  of the Credit Agreement (subject to such consents, if any, as may be required under Section 10.06(b)(iii) of the Credit Agreement), (iii) from and after the Effective Date, it shall be bound by the provisions of the Credit Agreement as a Lender thereunder and, to the extent of [the][the relevant] Assigned Interest, shall have the obligations of a Lender thereunder, (iv) it is sophisticated with respect to decisions to acquire assets of the type represented by [the][such] Assigned Interest and either it, or the Person exercising discretion in making its decision to acquire [the][such] Assigned Interest, is experienced in acquiring assets of such type, (v) it has received a copy of the Credit Agreement, and has received or has been accorded the opportunity to receive copies of the most recent financial statements delivered pursuant to Section 6.01(a) or (b) thereof, as applicable, and such other documents and information as it deems appropriate to make its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Assignment and Assumption and to purchase [the][such] Assigned Interest, (vi) it has, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent or any other Lender and based on such documents and information as it has deemed appropriate, made its own credit analysis and decision to enter into this Assignment and Assumption and to purchase [the][such] Assigned Interest, and (vii) if it is a Foreign Lender, attached hereto is any documentation required to be delivered by it pursuant to the terms of the Credit Agreement, duly completed and executed by [the][such] Assignee; and (b) agrees that (i) it will, independently and without reliance upon the Administrative Agent, [the][any] Assignor or any other Lender, and based on such documents and information as it shall deem appropriate at the time, continue to make its own credit decisions in taking or not taking action under the Loan Documents, and (ii) it will perform in accordance with their terms all of the obligations which by the terms of the Loan Documents are required to be performed by it as a Lender.

 

D-1 - 5

Form of Assignment and Assumption


2. Payments . From and after the Effective Date, the Administrative Agent shall make all payments in respect of [the][each] Assigned Interest (including payments of principal, interest, fees and other amounts) to [the][the relevant] Assignor for amounts which have accrued to but excluding the Effective Date and to [the][the relevant] Assignee for amounts which have accrued from and after the Effective Date. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Administrative Agent shall make all payments of interest, fees or other amounts paid or payable in kind from and after the Effective Date to [the][the relevant] Assignee.

3. General Provisions . This Assignment and Assumption shall be binding upon, and inure to the benefit of, the parties hereto and their respective successors and assigns. This Assignment and Assumption may be executed in any number of counterparts, which together shall constitute one instrument. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page of this Assignment and Assumption by telecopy shall be effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Assignment and Assumption. This Assignment and Assumption shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the law of the State of New York.

 

D-1 - 6

Form of Assignment and Assumption


EXHIBIT D-2

FORM OF ADMINISTRATIVE QUESTIONNAIRE

(See attached)

 

D-2 - 1

Form of Administrative Questionnaire


EXHIBIT E

FORM OF PLEDGE AGREEMENT

(SEE ATTACHED)

 

E - 1

Form of Pledge Agreement


PLEDGE AGREEMENT

PLEDGE AGREEMENT, dated as of January 18, 2013 (as amended, restated, modified and/or supplemented from time to time, this “ Agreement ”), made by each of the undersigned pledgors (together with any other entity that becomes a party hereto pursuant to Section 24 hereof, each a “ Pledgor ” and, collectively, the “ Pledgors ”), in favor of BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent (in such capacity, together with any successors and assigns in such capacity, the “ Administrative Agent ”) for the benefit of the Secured Parties.

W I T N E S S E T H :

WHEREAS, American Residential Properties, Inc. a Maryland corporation (the “ Parent ”), American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Borrower ”), American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the lenders from time to time party thereto (the “ Lenders ”) and the Administrative Agent have entered into a Credit Agreement, dated as of the date hereof (as amended, modified, restated and/or supplemented from time to time, the “ Credit Agreement ”), providing for the making of Revolving Credit Loans to, and the issuance of Letters of Credit for the account of, the Borrower and one or more of its Subsidiaries, all as contemplated therein.

WHEREAS, it is a condition precedent to the effectiveness of the Credit Agreement and the making of Revolving Credit Loans and other Credit Extensions thereunder that each Pledgor shall have executed and delivered to the Administrative Agent this Agreement.

WHEREAS, each Pledgor desires to execute this Agreement to satisfy the condition described in the preceding paragraph.

NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the benefits accruing to each Pledgor, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, each Pledgor hereby makes the following representations and warranties to the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, and hereby covenants and agrees with the Administrative Agent, for the benefit of the Secured Parties, as follows:

1. SECURITY FOR OBLIGATIONS . This Agreement is made by each Pledgor for the benefit of the Secured Parties to secure the Obligations.

2. DEFINITIONS . All capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings specified in the Credit Agreement. The following capitalized terms used herein shall have the definitions specified below:

Certificated Security ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 8-102(a)(4) of the UCC.

Clearing Corporation ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 8-102(a)(5) of the UCC.


Collateral ” shall have the meaning provided in Section 3.1.

Collateral Accounts ” shall mean, collectively, (i) any and all accounts established and maintained by the Administrative Agent in the name of any Pledgor to which Collateral may be credited and (ii) any and all deposit accounts in which Cash Collateral is deposited and/or maintained.

Control Agreement ” shall mean an agreement, in form and substance satisfactory to the Administrative Agent, establishing the Administrative Agent’s control (as defined in the UCC) with respect to any Collateral Account.

Financial Asset ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 8-102(a)(9) of the UCC.

Instrument ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 9-102(a)(47) of the UCC.

Investment Property ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 9-102(a)(49) of the UCC.

Location ” of any Pledgor shall have the meaning given such term in Section 9-307 of the UCC.

Membership Interest ” shall mean the entire membership interest at any time owned by any Pledgor in any limited liability company (other than a limited liability company that is an Excluded Pledge Subsidiary).

Partnership Interest ” shall mean the entire partnership interest (whether general and/or limited partnership interests) at any time owned by any Pledgor in any partnership (other a partnership that is an Excluded Pledge Subsidiary).

Pledge Agreement Joinder ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 24 of this Agreement.

Pledged LLC ” shall mean any limited liability company (other than an Excluded Pledge Subsidiary) in which any Pledgor owns a membership interest.

Pledged Membership Interests ” shall mean all Membership Interests at any time pledged or required to be pledged hereunder.

Pledged Partnership ” shall mean any partnership (other than an Excluded Pledge Subsidiary) in which any Pledgor owns a partnership interest.

Pledged Partnership Interests ” shall mean all Partnership Interests at any time pledged or required to be pledged hereunder.

Pledged Securities ” shall mean all Pledged Stock, Pledged Partnership Interests and Pledged Membership Interests.

 

2


Pledged Stock ” shall mean all Stock at any time pledged or required to be pledged hereunder.

Proceeds ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 9-102(a)(64) of the UCC.

Securities ” shall mean all of the Stock, Partnership Interests and Membership Interests.

Securities Intermediary ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 8-102(14) of the UCC.

Security Entitlement ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 8-102(a)(17) of the UCC.

Stock ” shall mean all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock at any time owned by any Pledgor in any corporation (other than a corporation that is an Excluded Pledge Subsidiary).

Termination Date ” has the meaning specified in Section 18(a) hereof.

UCC ” shall mean the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of New York from time to time; provided that all references herein to specific Sections or subsections of the UCC are references to such Sections or subsections, as the case may be, of the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the State of New York on the date hereof.

Uncertificated Security ” shall have the meaning given such term in Section 8-102(a)(18) of the UCC.

3. PLEDGE OF SECURITIES, ETC.

3.1 Pledge . As security for the payment and performance in full of the Obligations, each Pledgor does hereby grant, pledge, hypothecate, mortgage, charge and assign to the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties, and does hereby grant and create a continuing security interest in favor of the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties in, all of its right, title and interest in and to the following, whether now existing or hereafter from time to time acquired (collectively, the “ Collateral ”):

(i) all of the Securities owned or held by such Pledgor from time to time and all options and warrants owned by such Pledgor from time to time to purchase Securities (and all certificates or instruments evidencing such Securities);

(ii) each Collateral Account, including any and all assets of whatever type or kind deposited in any such Collateral Account, whether now owned or hereafter acquired, existing or arising (including, without limitation, all Financial Assets, Investment Property, monies, checks, drafts, Instruments or interests therein of any type or nature deposited or required by the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document to be deposited in such Collateral Account, and all investments and all certificates and other

 

3


instruments (including depository receipts, if any) from time to time representing or evidencing the same, and all dividends, interest, distributions, cash and other property from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all of the foregoing);

(iii) all of such Pledgor’s (x) Partnership Interests and all of such Pledgor’s right, title and interest in each Pledged Partnership and (y) Membership Interests and all of such Pledgor’s right, title and interest in each Pledged LLC, in each case including, without limitation:

(a) all the capital thereof and its interest in all profits, losses and other distributions to which such Pledgor shall at any time be entitled in respect of such Partnership Interests and/or Membership Interests;

(b) all other payments due or to become due to such Pledgor in respect of such Partnership Interests and/or Membership Interests, whether under any partnership agreement, limited liability company agreement or otherwise, whether as contractual obligations, damages, insurance proceeds or otherwise;

(c) all of its claims, rights, powers, privileges, authority, options, security interests, liens and remedies, if any, under any partnership agreement, limited liability company agreement or at law or otherwise in respect of such Partnership Interests, Membership Interests, Pledged Partnership and/or Pledged LLC;

(d) all present and future claims, if any, of such Pledgor against any Pledged Partnership and any Pledged LLC for moneys loaned or advanced, for services rendered or otherwise;

(e) all of such Pledgor’s rights under any partnership agreement or limited liability company agreement or at law to exercise and enforce every right, power, remedy, authority, option and privilege of such Pledgor relating to the Partnership Interests and/or Membership Interests, including any power to terminate, cancel or modify any partnership agreement or any limited liability company agreement, to execute any instruments and to take any and all other action on behalf of and in the name of such Pledgor in respect of any Partnership Interests or Membership Interests and any Pledged Partnership and any Pledged LLC to make determinations, to exercise any election (including, but not limited to, election of remedies) or option or to give or receive any notice, consent, amendment, waiver or approval, together with full power and authority to demand, receive, enforce or collect any of the foregoing, to enforce or execute any checks or other instruments or orders, to file any claims and to take any action in connection with any of the foregoing; and

(f) all other property hereafter delivered in substitution for or in addition to any of the foregoing, all certificates and instruments representing or evidencing such other property and all cash, securities, interest, dividends, rights and other property at any time and from time to time received, receivable or otherwise distributed in respect of or in exchange for any or all thereof;

 

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(iv) all Security Entitlements owned by such Pledgor from time to time in any and all of the foregoing; and

(v) all Proceeds of any and all of the foregoing.

3.2 Procedures . (a) To the extent that any Pledgor at any time or from time to time owns, acquires or obtains any right, title or interest in any Collateral, such Collateral shall automatically (and without the taking of any action by such Pledgor) be pledged pursuant to Section 3.1 of this Agreement and, in addition thereto, such Pledgor shall forthwith take the following actions as set forth below:

(i) with respect to a Certificated Security (other than a Certificated Security credited on the books of a Clearing Corporation or Securities Intermediary), such Pledgor shall physically deliver such Certificated Security to the Administrative Agent, endorsed to the Administrative Agent or endorsed in blank;

(ii) with respect to an Uncertificated Security (other than an Uncertificated Security credited on the books of a Clearing Corporation or Securities Intermediary), such Pledgor shall cause the issuer of such Uncertificated Security to duly authorize, execute, and deliver to the Administrative Agent, an agreement for the benefit of the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties substantially in the form of Annex D hereto (appropriately completed to the satisfaction of the Administrative Agent and with such modifications, if any, as shall be reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent) pursuant to which such issuer agrees to comply with any and all instructions originated by the Administrative Agent without further consent by the registered owner and not to comply with instructions regarding such Uncertificated Security (and any Partnership Interests and Membership Interests issued by such issuer) originated by any other Person other than a court of competent jurisdiction;

(iii) with respect to any Collateral consisting of a Certificated Security, Uncertificated Security, Partnership Interest or Membership Interest credited on the books of a Clearing Corporation or Securities Intermediary (including a Federal Reserve Bank, Participants Trust Company or The Depository Trust Company), such Pledgor shall promptly notify the Administrative Agent thereof and shall promptly take (x) all actions required (i) to comply with the applicable rules of such Clearing Corporation or Securities Intermediary and (ii) to perfect the security interest of the Administrative Agent under applicable law (including, in any event, under Sections 9-314(a), (b) and (c), 9-106 and 8-106(d) of the UCC) and (y) such other actions as the Administrative Agent deems necessary or desirable to effect the foregoing; and

(iv) with respect to a Partnership Interest or a Membership Interest (other than a Partnership Interest or Membership Interest credited on the books of a Clearing Corporation or Securities Intermediary), (1) if such Partnership Interest or Membership Interest is represented by a certificate and is a Security for purposes of the UCC, the

 

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procedure set forth in Section 3.2(a)(i) hereof; and (2) if such Partnership Interest or Membership Interest is not represented by a certificate or is not a Security for purposes of the UCC, the procedure set forth in Section 3.2(a)(ii) hereof; and

(b) In addition to the actions required to be taken pursuant to Section 3.2(a) hereof, each Pledgor shall take the following additional actions with respect to the Collateral:

(i) with respect to all Collateral of such Pledgor whereby or with respect to which the Administrative Agent may obtain “control” thereof within the meaning of Section 8-106 of the UCC (or under any provision of the UCC as same may be amended or supplemented from time to time, or under the laws of any relevant State other than the State of New York), such Pledgor shall take all actions as may be requested from time to time by the Administrative Agent so that “control” of such Collateral is obtained and at all times held by the Administrative Agent; and

(ii) each Pledgor shall from time to time cause appropriate financing statements (on appropriate forms) under the Uniform Commercial Code as in effect in the various relevant States, covering all Collateral hereunder (with the form of such financing statements to be satisfactory to the Administrative Agent), to be filed in the relevant filing offices so that at all times the Administrative Agent’s security interest in all Investment Property constituting Collateral and other Collateral which can be perfected by the filing of such financing statements (in each case to the maximum extent perfection by filing may be obtained under the laws of the relevant States, including, without limitation, Section 9-312(a) of the UCC) is so perfected.

3.3 Subsequently Acquired Collateral . If any Pledgor shall acquire (by purchase, dividend or otherwise) any additional Collateral at any time or from time to time after the date hereof, such Pledgor will forthwith thereafter take (or cause to be taken) all action with respect to such Collateral in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 3.2 hereof, and will deliver to the Administrative Agent all information and other items required to be provided under Section 6.12(a) of the Credit Agreement with respect thereto within the time periods specified therein.

3.4 Certain Representations and Warranties Concerning the Collateral . Each Pledgor represents and warrants that on the date hereof: (a) each Subsidiary of such Pledgor whose Equity Interests are required to be pledged hereunder, and the direct ownership thereof, is listed on Annex A hereto; (b) the Stock held by such Pledgor consists of the number and type of shares of the capital stock of the corporations as described in Annex B hereto; (c) such Stock constitutes that percentage of the issued and outstanding capital stock of the issuing corporation as set forth in Annex B hereto; (d) such Pledgor is the holder of record and sole beneficial owner of the Stock held by such Pledgor and there exists no options or preemption rights in respect of any of the Stock; (e) the Partnership Interests and Membership Interests, as the case may be, held by such Pledgor constitute that percentage of the entire interest of the respective Pledged Partnership or Pledged LLC, as the case may be, as is set forth under its name in Annex C hereto; and (f) the Pledgor has complied with the respective procedure set forth in Section 3.2(a) hereof with respect to each item of Collateral described in Annexes B and C hereto.

 

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4. APPOINTMENT OF SUB-AGENTS; ENDORSEMENTS, ETC. The Administrative Agent shall have the right to appoint one or more sub-agents for the purpose of retaining physical possession of the Pledged Securities, which may be held (in the discretion of the Administrative Agent) in the name of the relevant Pledgor, endorsed or assigned in blank or in favor of the Administrative Agent or any nominee or nominees of the Administrative Agent or a sub-agent appointed by the Administrative Agent.

5. VOTING, ETC., WHILE NO EVENT OF DEFAULT . Unless and until there shall have occurred and be continuing an Event of Default, each Pledgor shall be entitled to exercise all voting and other rights attaching to any and all Pledged Securities owned by it, and to give consents, waivers or ratifications in respect thereof, provided that no vote shall be cast or any consent, waiver or ratification given or any action taken which would violate, result in breach of any covenant contained in, or be inconsistent with, any of the terms of this Agreement, the Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, or which would have the effect of impairing the value of the Collateral or any part thereof or the position or interests of the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party therein. All such rights of a Pledgor to vote and to give consents, waivers and ratifications shall cease upon the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, whereupon Section 7 hereof shall become applicable.

6. DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS . Unless and until an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, all cash dividends, distributions or other amounts payable in respect of the Pledged Securities shall be paid to the respective Pledgor if and to the extent permitted to be paid to such Pledgor under the Credit Agreement. The Administrative Agent shall also be entitled to receive directly, and to retain as part of the Collateral:

(i) all other or additional stock, notes, membership interests, partnership interests or other securities or property (other than cash) paid or distributed by way of dividend or otherwise in respect of the Collateral;

(ii) all other or additional stock, membership interests, partnership interests or other securities or property (including cash) paid or distributed in respect of the Collateral by way of stock-split, spin-off, split-up, reclassification, combination of shares or similar rearrangement; and

(iii) all other or additional stock, membership interests, partnership interests or other securities or property (including cash) which may be paid in respect of the Collateral by reason of any consolidation, merger, exchange of stock, conveyance of assets, liquidation or similar corporate reorganization.

Nothing contained in this Section 6 shall limit or restrict in any way the Administrative Agent’s right to receive the proceeds of the Collateral in any form in accordance with Section 3 of this Agreement. All dividends, distributions or other payments which are received by the respective Pledgor contrary to the provisions of this Section 6 or Section 7 shall be received in trust for the benefit of the Administrative Agent, shall be segregated from other property or funds of such Pledgor and shall be forthwith paid over to the Administrative Agent as Collateral in the same form as so received (with any necessary endorsement).

 

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7. REMEDIES IN CASE OF AN EVENT OF DEFAULT . (a) If an Event of Default shall have occurred and be continuing, the Administrative Agent shall be entitled to exercise all of the rights, powers and remedies (whether vested in it by this Agreement or any other Loan Document or by law) for the protection and enforcement of its rights in respect of the Collateral, including, without limitation, all the rights and remedies of a secured creditor upon default under the UCC, and the Administrative Agent shall be entitled, without limitation, to exercise any or all of the following rights:

(i) to receive all amounts payable in respect of the Collateral otherwise payable under Section 6 to such Pledgor,

(ii) [intentionally omitted];

(iii) to vote all or any part of the Collateral (whether or not transferred into the name of the Administrative Agent) and give all consents, waivers and ratifications in respect of the Collateral and otherwise act with respect thereto as though it were the outright owner thereof (each Pledgor hereby irrevocably constituting and appointing the Administrative Agent the proxy and attorney-in-fact of such Pledgor, with full power of substitution to do so);

(iv) to set off any and all Collateral against any and all Obligations, and to withdraw any and all cash or other Collateral from any and all Collateral Accounts and to apply such cash and other Collateral to the payment of any and all Obligations; and

(v) at any time or from time to time to sell, assign and deliver, or grant options to purchase, all or any part of the Collateral, or any interest therein, at any public or private sale, without demand of performance, advertisement or notice of intention to sell or of the time or place of sale or adjournment thereof or to redeem or otherwise (all of which are hereby waived by each Pledgor), for cash, on credit or for other property, for immediate or future delivery without any assumption of credit risk, and for such price or prices and on such terms as the Administrative Agent in its absolute discretion may determine, provided that at least 10 days’ notice of the time and place of any such sale shall be given to such Pledgor. The Administrative Agent shall not be obligated to make such sale of Collateral regardless of whether any such notice of sale has theretofore been given. Each purchaser at any such sale shall hold the property so sold absolutely free from any claim or right on the part of any Pledgor, and each Pledgor hereby waives and releases to the full extent permitted by law any right or equity redemption with respect to the Collateral, whether before or after sale hereunder, all rights, if any, of marshalling the Collateral and any other security for the Obligations or otherwise, and all rights, if any, of stay and/or appraisal which it now has or may at any time in the future have under rule of law or statute now existing or hereafter enacted. At any such sale, unless prohibited by applicable law, the Administrative Agent on behalf of all Secured Parties (or certain of them) may bid for and purchase (by bidding in Obligations or otherwise) all or any part of the Collateral so sold free from any such right or equity of redemption. Neither the Administrative Agent nor any Secured Party shall be liable for failure to collect or realize upon any or all of the Collateral or for any delay in so doing nor shall it be under any obligation to take any action whatsoever with regard thereto.

 

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8. REMEDIES, ETC., CUMULATIVE . Each right, power and remedy of the Administrative Agent provided for in this Agreement or any other Loan Document, or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or by statute shall be cumulative and concurrent and shall be in addition to every other such right, power or remedy. The exercise or beginning of the exercise by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party of any one or more of the rights, powers or remedies provided for in this Agreement or any other Loan Document or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or by statute or otherwise shall not preclude the simultaneous or later exercise by the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party of all such other rights, powers or remedies, and no failure or delay on the part of the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party to exercise any such right, power or remedy shall operate as a waiver thereof. Unless otherwise required by the Loan Documents, no notice to or demand on any Pledgor in any case shall entitle it to any other or further notice or demand in similar other circumstances or constitute a waiver of any of the rights of the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party to any other further action in any circumstances without demand or notice. This Agreement may be enforced only by the action of the Administrative Agent and no other Secured Party shall have any right individually to seek to enforce or to enforce this Agreement or to realize upon the security to be granted hereby.

9. APPLICATION OF PROCEEDS . (a) All moneys collected by the Administrative Agent upon any sale or other disposition of the Collateral, together with all other moneys received by the Administrative Agent hereunder, shall be applied in accordance with Section 8.03 of the Credit Agreement.

(b) It is understood that each Pledgor shall remain jointly and severally liable to the extent of any deficiency between (x) the amount of the Obligations for which it is liable directly or as a Guarantor that are satisfied with proceeds of the Collateral and (y) the aggregate outstanding amount of the Obligations.

10. PURCHASERS OF COLLATERAL . Upon any sale of the Collateral by the Administrative Agent hereunder (whether by virtue of the power of sale herein granted, pursuant to judicial process or otherwise), the receipt of the Administrative Agent shall be a sufficient discharge to the purchaser or purchasers of the Collateral so sold, and such purchaser or purchasers shall not be obligated to see to the application of any part of the purchase money paid over to the Administrative Agent or be answerable in any way for the misapplication or nonapplication thereof.

11. INDEMNITY . Each Pledgor jointly and severally agrees to (i) indemnify and hold harmless the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties from and against any and all claims, demands, losses, judgments and liabilities (including liabilities for penalties) of whatsoever kind or nature, and (ii) reimburse the Administrative Agent for all reasonable out-of-pocket costs and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, arising in connection with any amendment, waiver or modification to this Agreement and the administration hereof and the Administrative Agent and the other Secured Parties for all out-of-pocket costs and expenses (including attorney’s fees) growing out of or resulting from the exercise by the Administrative Agent of any right or remedy granted to it hereunder or under any other Loan Document except, with respect to clause (i) above, for those arising from such Person’s gross negligence or willful misconduct as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final and non-appealable

 

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decision. In no event shall the Administrative Agent be liable, in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct on its part as determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final and non-appealable decision, for any matter or thing in connection with this Agreement other than to account for moneys or other property actually received by it in accordance with the terms hereof. If and to the extent that the obligations of any Pledgor under this Section 11 are unenforceable for any reason, such Pledgor hereby agrees to make the maximum contribution to the payment and satisfaction of such obligations which is permissible under applicable law.

12. FURTHER ASSURANCES; POWER OF ATTORNEY . (a) Each Pledgor agrees that it will join with the Administrative Agent in executing and, at such Pledgor’s own expense, file and refile under the UCC such financing statements, continuation statements and other documents in such offices as the Administrative Agent may reasonably deem necessary or appropriate and wherever required or permitted by law in order to perfect and preserve the Administrative Agent’s security interest in the Collateral hereunder and hereby authorizes the Administrative Agent to file financing statements and amendments thereto relative to all or any part of the Collateral without the signature of such Pledgor where permitted by law, and agrees to do such further acts and things and to execute and deliver to the Administrative Agent such additional conveyances, assignments, agreements and instruments as the Administrative Agent may reasonably require or deem advisable to carry into effect the purposes of this Agreement or to further assure and confirm unto the Administrative Agent its rights, powers and remedies hereunder or thereunder.

(b) Each Pledgor hereby appoints the Administrative Agent as such Pledgor’s attorney-in-fact, with full authority in the place and stead of such Pledgor and in the name of such Pledgor or otherwise, from time to time after the occurrence and during the continuance of an Event of Default, in the Administrative Agent’s reasonable discretion to take any action and to execute any instrument which the Administrative Agent may reasonably deem necessary or advisable to accomplish the purposes of this Agreement.

13. THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT AS COLLATERAL AGENT . The Administrative Agent will hold in accordance with this Agreement all items of the Collateral at any time received under this Agreement. It is expressly understood and agreed that the obligations of the Administrative Agent as holder of the Collateral and interests therein and with respect to the disposition thereof, and otherwise under this Agreement, are only those expressly set forth in this Agreement. The Administrative Agent shall act hereunder on the terms and conditions set forth herein and in Article IX of the Credit Agreement. If any Pledgor fails to perform or comply with any of its agreements contained in this Agreement and the Administrative Agent, as provided for by the terms of this Agreement or any other Loan Document, shall itself perform or comply, or otherwise cause performance or compliance, with such agreement, the expenses of the Administrative Agent incurred in connection with such performance or compliance, together with interest thereon at the rate then in effect in respect of Revolving Credit Loans that are Base Rate Loans, shall be payable by such Pledgor to the Administrative Agent on demand and shall constitute Obligations secured by the Collateral.

14. TRANSFER BY THE PLEDGORS . No Pledgor will sell or otherwise dispose of, grant any option with respect to, or mortgage, pledge or otherwise encumber any of the Collateral or any interest therein, except as otherwise allowed under the Credit Agreement.

 

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15. REPRESENTATIONS, WARRANTIES AND COVENANTS OF THE PLEDGORS . Each Pledgor represents, warrants and covenants that:

(i) it is, or at the time when pledged hereunder will be, the legal, beneficial and record owner of, and has (or will have) good and marketable title to, all Securities pledged by it hereunder, subject to no pledge, lien, mortgage, hypothecation, security interest, charge, option or other encumbrance whatsoever, except Liens permitted under clauses (a) of Section 7.01 of the Credit Agreement;

(ii) it has full power, authority and legal right to pledge all the Collateral pledged by it pursuant to this Agreement;

(iii) this Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by such Pledgor and constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Pledgor enforceable against such Pledgor in accordance with its terms, except to the extent that the enforceability thereof may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws generally affecting creditors’ rights and by equitable principles (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in equity or at law);

(iv) except to the extent already obtained or made, no consent of any other party (including, without limitation, any stockholder, limited or general partner, member or creditor of such Pledgor) and no consent, license, permit, approval or authorization of, exemption by, notice or report to, or registration, filing or declaration with, any governmental authority is required to be obtained by such Pledgor in connection with (a) the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement (including, without limitation, the granting by such Pledgor of the Liens granted by it pursuant to this Agreement), (b) the validity or enforceability of this Agreement, (c) the perfection or enforceability of the Administrative Agent’s security interest in the Collateral, except for filings and recordings required under the UCC or (d) except for compliance with or as may be required by applicable securities laws, the exercise by the Administrative Agent of any of its rights or remedies provided herein;

(v) the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by such Pledgor has been duly authorized by all necessary corporate or other organizational action, and does not and will not (a) contravene the terms of any of such Pledgor’s Organization Documents; (b) conflict with or result in any breach or contravention of, or the creation of any Lien under, or require any payment to be made under (i) any material Contractual Obligation to which such Pledgor is a party or affecting such Pledgor or the properties of such Pledgor or any of its Subsidiaries or (ii) any order, injunction, writ or decree of any Governmental Authority or any arbitral award to which such Pledgor or its property is subject; or (c) violate any applicable Laws;

(vi) all the shares of Stock constituting Collateral have been duly and validly issued, are fully paid and non-assessable and are subject to no options to purchase or similar rights;

 

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(vii) the pledge, assignment and delivery to the Administrative Agent of Securities that are Certificated Securities pursuant to this Agreement creates a valid and perfected first priority Lien in the Securities and the proceeds thereof, subject to no other Lien or to any agreement purporting to grant to any third party a Lien on the property or assets of such Pledgor which would include the Securities;

(viii) it has the unqualified right to pledge and grant a security interest in the Partnership Interests and Membership Interests as herein provided without the consent of any other Person, firm, association or entity which has not been obtained;

(ix) the Partnership Interests and the Membership Interests pledged by it pursuant to this Agreement have been validly acquired and are fully paid for and are duly and validly pledged hereunder;

(x) it is not in default in the payment of any portion of any mandatory capital contribution, if any, required to be made under any partnership agreement of any Pledged Partnership or limited liability company agreement of any Pledged LLC, and such Pledgor is not in violation of any other material provisions of any partnership agreement of any Pledged Partnership or limited liability company agreement of any Pledged LLC, or otherwise in default or violation thereunder, no Partnership Interest or Membership Interest is subject to any defense, offset or counterclaim, nor have any of the foregoing been asserted or alleged against such Pledgor by any Person with respect thereto and as of the Closing Date, there are no certificates, instruments, documents or other writings (other than the partnership agreements, operating agreements and certificates, if any, delivered to the Administrative Agent) which evidence any Partnership Interest or Membership Interest pledged hereunder;

(xi) the pledge and assignment of the Partnership Interests and the Membership Interests pursuant to this Agreement, together with the relevant filings, consents or recordings (which filings, consents and recordings have been made or obtained), creates a valid, perfected and continuing first priority security interest in such Partnership Interests and Membership Interest and the proceeds thereof, subject to no prior Lien or to any agreement purporting to grant to any third party a Lien on the property or assets of such Pledgor which would include the Collateral;

(xii) there are no currently effective financing statements under the UCC covering any property which is now or hereafter may be included in the Collateral and such Pledgor will not, without the prior written consent of the Administrative Agent, execute and, until the Termination Date (as hereinafter defined), authorize there to be on file in any public office, any enforceable financing statement or statements covering any or all of the Collateral, except financing statements filed or to be filed in favor of the Administrative Agent as secured party;

(xiii) it shall give the Administrative Agent prompt notice of any written claim relating to the Collateral and shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a copy of each other demand, notice or document received by it which may adversely affect the Administrative Agent’s interest in the Collateral promptly upon, but in any event within 10 days after, such Pledgor’s receipt thereof;

 

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(xiv) it shall not withdraw as a partner of any Pledged Partnership or member of any Pledged LLC, or file or pursue or take any action which may, directly or indirectly, cause a dissolution or liquidation of or with respect to any Pledged Partnership or Pledged LLC or seek a partition of any property of any Pledged Partnership or Pledged LLC;

(xv) as of the date hereof, all of its Partnership Interests and Membership Interests are either (A) not a “security” as that term is defined in Article 8 of the UCC or (B) are uncertificated and each Pledgor covenants and agrees that it will not approve any action by any Pledged Partnership or Pledged LLC to convert any such uncertificated interests into certificated interests;

(xvi) it will take no action which would violate or be inconsistent with any of the terms of any Loan Document, or which would have the effect of impairing the security interest (or priority thereof) of the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party under any Loan Document except as permitted by the Credit Agreement;

(xvii) “control” (as defined in Section 8-106 of the UCC) has been obtained by the Administrative Agent over all of such Pledgor’s Collateral consisting of Securities with respect to which such “control” may be obtained pursuant to Section 8-106 of the UCC;

(xviii) “control” (as defined in Section 9-104 of the UCC) has been obtained by the Administrative Agent over all Collateral Accounts; and

(xix) it will furnish to the Administrative Agent prompt written notice of any issuance of Equity Interests that occurs after the date hereof by a Pledged LLC, Pledged Partnership or other Person that has issued Equity Interests which are pledged (in whole or in part) by a Pledgor hereunder.

16. PLEDGORS’ OBLIGATIONS ABSOLUTE, ETC. The obligations of each Pledgor under this Agreement shall be absolute and unconditional and shall remain in full force and effect without regard to, and shall not be released, suspended, discharged, terminated or otherwise affected by, any circumstance or occurrence whatsoever, including, without limitation:

(i) any renewal, extension, amendment or modification of, or addition or supplement to or deletion from any of the Loan Documents, or any other instrument or agreement referred to therein, or any assignment or transfer of any thereof,

(ii) any waiver, consent, extension, indulgence or other action or inaction under or in respect of any such agreement or instrument or this Agreement;

 

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(iii) any furnishing of any additional security to the Administrative Agent or its assignee or any acceptance thereof or any release of any security by the Administrative Agent or its assignee;

(iv) any limitation on any party’s liability or obligations under any such instrument or agreement or any invalidity or unenforceability, in whole or in part, of any such instrument or agreement or any term thereof; or

(v) any bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, composition, adjustment, dissolution, liquidation or other like proceeding relating to any Loan Party or any Subsidiary thereof, or any action taken with respect to this Agreement by any trustee or receiver, or by any court, in any such proceeding, whether or not such Pledgor shall have notice or knowledge of any of the foregoing.

17. REGISTRATION, ETC. If at any time when the Administrative Agent shall determine to exercise its right to sell all or any part of the Pledged Securities pursuant to Section 7, and such Pledged Securities or the part thereof to be sold shall not, for any reason whatsoever, be effectively registered under the Securities Act, as then in effect, the Administrative Agent may, in its sole and absolute discretion, sell such Pledged Securities or part thereof by private sale in such manner and under such circumstances as the Administrative Agent may deem necessary or advisable in order that such sale may legally be effected without such registration. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, in any such event the Administrative Agent, in its sole and absolute discretion, (i) may proceed to make such private sale notwithstanding that a registration statement for the purpose of registering such Pledged Securities or part thereof shall have been filed under such Securities Act, (ii) may approach and negotiate with a single possible purchaser to effect such sale and (iii) may restrict such sale to a purchaser who will represent and agree that such purchaser is purchasing for its own account, for investment, and not with a view to the distribution or sale of such Pledged Securities or part thereof. In the event of any such sale, the Administrative Agent shall incur no responsibility or liability for selling all or any part of the Pledged Securities at a price which the Administrative Agent, in its sole and absolute discretion, may in good faith deem reasonable under the circumstances, notwithstanding the possibility that a substantially higher price might be realized if the sale were deferred until the registration as aforesaid. TERMINATION; RELEASE . (a) Subject to Section 25 hereof, on the Termination Date (as defined below) this Agreement shall terminate ( provided that all indemnities set forth herein and the other Loan Documents including, without limitation, in Section 11 hereof shall survive any such termination) and the Administrative Agent, at the request and expense of the Pledgors, will execute and deliver to the Pledgors a proper instrument or instruments acknowledging the satisfaction and termination of this Agreement as provided above, and will duly assign, transfer and deliver to the Pledgors (without recourse and without any representation or warranty) such of the Collateral as may be in the possession of the Administrative Agent and as has not theretofore been sold or otherwise applied or released pursuant to this Agreement. As used in this Agreement, “ Termination Date ” shall mean the date upon which all of the Commitments have been terminated, all Loans have been paid in full in immediately available funds, all Letters of Credit have expired or been cancelled or collateralized to the satisfaction of the Administrative Agent and the L/C Issuer and all other Obligations (other than contingent indemnification obligations for which no claim has been made) have been paid in full in immediately available funds.

 

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(b) In the event that any part of the Collateral is sold or otherwise disposed of in connection with a sale or other disposition permitted by Section 7.05 of the Credit Agreement or is otherwise released at the direction of the Required Lenders (or all the Lenders if required by Section 10.01 of the Credit Agreement), and the proceeds of such sale or other disposition or from such release are applied in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement to the extent required to be so applied, the Administrative Agent, at the request and expense of the applicable Pledgor, will release such Collateral from this Agreement, duly assign, transfer and deliver to such Pledgor (without recourse and without any representation or warranty) such of the Collateral as is then being (or has been) so sold, disposed of or released and as may be in possession of the Administrative Agent and has not theretofore been released pursuant to this Agreement.

(c) At any time that any Pledgor desires that Collateral be released as provided in the foregoing Section 18(a) or (b) it shall deliver to the Administrative Agent a certificate signed by an officer stating that the release of the respective Collateral is permitted pursuant to Section 18(a) or (b), as applicable.

(d) The Administrative Agent shall have no liability whatsoever to any Secured Party as the result of any release of Collateral by it in accordance with (or which the Administrative Agent in the absence of gross negligence or willful misconduct believes to be in accordance with) this Section 18.

19. NOTICES, ETC. All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing (including telegraphic, telex, telecopier, facsimile or cable communication) and shall be delivered, telegraphed, telexed, telecopied, faxed, cabled, or mailed (by first class mail, postage prepaid):

(i) if to any Pledgor, at its address set forth on Schedule 11.02 of the Credit Agreement;

 

  (ii) if to the Administrative Agent, at its address set forth on Schedule 11.02 of the Credit Agreement.

or at such other address as shall have been furnished in writing by any Person described above to the party required to give notice hereunder.

20. WAIVER; AMENDMENT . None of the terms and conditions of this Agreement may be changed, waived, modified or varied in any manner whatsoever unless in writing duly signed by the Administrative Agent (with the consent of the Required Lenders or all of the Lenders, to the extent required by Section 10.01 of the Credit Agreement) and each Pledgor affected thereby.

21. ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT NOT BOUND . Nothing herein shall be construed to make the Administrative Agent or any other Secured Party liable as a general partner or limited partner of any Pledged Partnership or as a member of any Pledged LLC, and neither the Administrative Agent nor any Secured Party by virtue of this Agreement or otherwise (except as referred to in the following sentence) shall have any of the duties, obligations or liabilities of a general partner or limited partner of any Pledged Partnership or of a member of

 

15


any Pledged LLC. The parties hereto expressly agree that, unless the Administrative Agent shall become the absolute owner of a Partnership Interest or a Membership Interest pursuant hereto, this Agreement shall not be construed as creating a partnership or joint venture or membership agreement among the Administrative Agent, any other Secured Party and/or a Pledgor.

(b) The Administrative Agent shall have only those powers set forth herein and shall assume none of the duties, obligations or liabilities of a general partner or limited partner of any Pledged Partnership or of a member of any Pledged LLC or of a Pledgor.

(c) The Administrative Agent shall not be obligated to perform or discharge any obligation of a Pledgor as a result of the collateral assignment hereby effected.

(d) The acceptance by the Administrative Agent of this Agreement, with all the rights, powers, privileges and authority so created, shall not at any time or in any event obligate the Administrative Agent to appear in or defend any action or proceeding relating to the Collateral to which it is not a party, or to take any action hereunder or thereunder, or to expend any money or incur any expenses or perform or discharge any obligation, duty or liability under the Collateral.

22. MISCELLANEOUS . This Agreement shall create a continuing security interest in the Collateral and shall (i) remain in full force and effect, subject to release and/or termination as set forth in Section 18, (ii) be binding upon each Pledgor, its successors and assigns; provided that no Pledgor shall assign any of its rights or obligations hereunder and (iii) inure, together with the rights and remedies of the Administrative Agent hereunder, to the benefit of the Administrative Agent, the other Secured Parties and their respective successors, permitted transferees and permitted assigns. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but all of which together shall constitute one instrument. In the event that any provision of this Agreement shall prove to be invalid or unenforceable, such provision shall be deemed to be severable from the other provisions of this Agreement which shall remain binding on all parties hereto.

23. GOVERNING LAW, CONSENT TO JURISDICTION AND SERVICE OF PROCESS; WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL .

(a) GOVERNING LAW . THIS AGREEMENT AND ANY CLAIMS, CONTROVERSY, DISPUTE OR CAUSE OF ACTION (WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR TORT OR OTHERWISE) BASED UPON, ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY SHALL BE GOVERNED BY, AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH, THE LAW OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK.

(b) SUBMISSION TO JURISDICTION . EACH PLEDGOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY AGREES THAT IT WILL NOT COMMENCE ANY ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING OF ANY KIND OR DESCRIPTION, WHETHER IN LAW OR EQUITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT OR IN TORT OR OTHERWISE, AGAINST THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ANY LENDER, THE L/C ISSUER, OR ANY RELATED PARTY OF THE FOREGOING IN ANY WAY RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE

 

16


TRANSACTIONS RELATING HERETO, IN ANY FORUM OTHER THAN THE COURTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK SITTING IN NEW YORK COUNTY AND OF THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT OF THE SOUTHERN DISTRICT OF NEW YORK, AND ANY APPELLATE COURT FROM ANY THEREOF, AND EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY SUBMITS TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUCH COURTS AND AGREES THAT ALL CLAIMS IN RESPECT OF ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING MAY BE HEARD AND DETERMINED IN SUCH NEW YORK STATE COURT OR, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN SUCH FEDERAL COURT. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO AGREES THAT A FINAL JUDGMENT IN ANY SUCH ACTION, LITIGATION OR PROCEEDING SHALL BE CONCLUSIVE AND MAY BE ENFORCED IN OTHER JURISDICTIONS BY SUIT ON THE JUDGMENT OR IN ANY OTHER MANNER PROVIDED BY LAW. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT SHALL AFFECT ANY RIGHT THAT THE ADMINISTRATIVE AGENT, ANY LENDER OR THE L/C ISSUER MAY OTHERWISE HAVE TO BRING ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT AGAINST ANY PLEDGOR OR ITS PROPERTIES IN THE COURTS OF ANY JURISDICTION.

(c) WAIVER OF VENUE . EACH PLEDGOR IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY OBJECTION THAT IT MAY NOW OR HEREAFTER HAVE TO THE LAYING OF VENUE OF ANY ACTION OR PROCEEDING ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT IN ANY COURT REFERRED TO IN PARAGRAPH (b) OF THIS SECTION. EACH OF THE PARTIES HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, THE DEFENSE OF AN INCONVENIENT FORUM TO THE MAINTENANCE OF SUCH ACTION OR PROCEEDING IN ANY SUCH COURT.

(d) SERVICE OF PROCESS . EACH PARTY HERETO IRREVOCABLY CONSENTS TO SERVICE OF PROCESS IN THE MANNER PROVIDED FOR NOTICES IN SECTION 11.02 OF THE CREDIT AGREEMENT. NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT WILL AFFECT THE RIGHT OF ANY PARTY HERETO TO SERVE PROCESS IN ANY OTHER MANNER PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.

(e) WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL . EACH PARTY HERETO HEREBY IRREVOCABLY WAIVES, TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, ANY RIGHT IT MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN ANY LEGAL PROCEEDING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED HEREBY (WHETHER BASED ON CONTRACT, TORT OR ANY OTHER THEORY). EACH PARTY HERETO (A) CERTIFIES THAT NO REPRESENTATIVE, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ANY OTHER PERSON HAS REPRESENTED, EXPRESSLY OR OTHERWISE, THAT SUCH OTHER PERSON WOULD NOT, IN THE EVENT OF LITIGATION, SEEK TO ENFORCE THE FOREGOING WAIVER AND (B) ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT AND THE OTHER PARTIES HERETO HAVE BEEN INDUCED TO ENTER INTO THIS AGREEMENT AND THE OTHER LOAN DOCUMENTS BY, AMONG OTHER THINGS, THE MUTUAL WAIVERS AND CERTIFICATIONS IN THIS SECTION.

 

17


24. ADDITIONAL PLEDGORS . It is understood and agreed that any Subsidiary of the Parent that is required to become a party to this Agreement pursuant to the Credit Agreement shall become a Pledgor hereunder by executing a joinder agreement in the form attached hereto as Annex E (each, a Pledge Agreement Joinder ”).

25. REINSTATEMENT .

Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, this Agreement and the Liens created hereunder shall continue in full force and effect or be revived, as the case may be, if any payment by or on behalf of the Borrower or any Guarantor is made, or any Secured Party exercises its right of setoff, in respect of the Obligations and such payment or the proceeds of such setoff or any part thereof is subsequently invalidated, declared to be fraudulent or preferential, set aside or required (including pursuant to any settlement entered into by a Secured Party in its discretion) to be repaid to a trustee, receiver or any other party, in connection with any proceeding under any Debtor Relief Laws or otherwise, all as if such payment had not been made or such setoff had not occurred and whether or not the Administrative Agent has previously terminated this Agreement and released its Liens hereunder.

26. COUNTERPARTS . This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts and by the different parties hereto on separate counterparts, each of which when so executed and delivered shall be an original, but all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument.

27. LEGAL NAMES; TYPE OF ORGANIZATION (AND WHETHER A REGISTERED ORGANIZATION); JURISDICTION OF ORGANIZATION; LOCATION; ORGANIZATIONAL IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS; CHANGES THERETO; ETC. No Pledgor shall effect any change (i) in its legal name, (ii) in the location of its chief executive office, (iii) in its identity or organizational structure, (iv) in its Federal Taxpayer Identification Number (or equivalent thereof) or organizational identification number, if any, or (v) in its jurisdiction of organization (in each case, including by merging with or into any other entity, reorganizing, dissolving, liquidating, reorganizing or organizing in any other jurisdiction), until (A) it shall have given the Administrative Agent not less than ten Business Days’ prior written notice (in the form of certificate signed by a Responsible Officer), or such lesser notice period agreed to by the Administrative Agent, of its intention so to do, clearly describing such change and providing such other information in connection therewith as the Administrative Agent may reasonably request and (B) it shall have taken all action reasonably satisfactory to the Administrative Agent to maintain the perfection and priority of the security interest of the Administrative Agent for the benefit of the Secured Parties in the Collateral, if applicable. The Pledgors hereby agree to promptly provide the Administrative Agent with certified Organization Documents reflecting any of the changes described in the preceding sentence. Notwithstanding the foregoing or anything else to the contrary contained herein or in any other Loan Document, the Operating Partnership and the Borrower each hereby agrees that it will at all times maintain its jurisdiction of organization as Delaware or one of the other States within the United States of America.

28. SEVERABILITY . Any provision of this Agreement which is prohibited or unenforceable in any jurisdiction shall, as to such jurisdiction, be ineffective to the extent of

 

18


such prohibition or unenforceability without invalidating the remaining provisions hereof, and any such prohibition or unenforceability in any jurisdiction shall not invalidate or render unenforceable such provision in any other jurisdiction.

29. HEADINGS DESCRIPTIVE . The headings of the several Sections of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not in any way affect the meaning or construction of any provision of this Agreement.

*  *  *  *

 

19


IN WITNESS WHEREOF, each Pledgor and the Administrative Agent have caused this Agreement to be executed and delivered by their duly authorized officers as of the date first above written.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P.
By: American Residential GP, LLC, its general partner
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:
AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL LEASING COMPANY, LLC
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:

 

[Signature Page to Pledge Agreement]


Accepted and Agreed to:

BANK OF AMERICA, N.A.,

as Administrative Agent

By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:

 

[Signature Page to Pledge Agreement]


EXHIBIT F

FORM OF SOLVENCY CERTIFICATE

I, the undersigned chief financial officer of AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC., a Maryland corporation (the “ Parent ”), DO HEREBY CERTIFY on behalf of the Loan Parties that:

1. This certificate is furnished pursuant to Section 4.01(a)(x) of the Credit Agreement (as in effect on the date of this certificate; the capitalized terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined) dated as of January 18, 2013 among the Parent, American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Borrower ”), American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the Lenders party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer (as from time to time in effect, the “ Credit Agreement ”).

2. After giving effect to the transactions to occur on the Closing Date (including, without limitation, all Credit Extensions to occur on the Closing Date), (a) the fair value of the property of each Loan Party (individually and on a consolidated basis with its Subsidiaries) is greater than the total amount of liabilities, including contingent liabilities, of such Loan Party, (b) the present fair salable value of the assets of each Loan Party (individually and on a consolidated basis with its Subsidiaries) is not less than the amount that will be required to pay the probable liability on its debts as they become absolute and matured, (c) each Loan Party (individually and on a consolidated basis with its Subsidiaries) does not intend to, and does not believe it will, incur debts or liabilities beyond its ability to pay such debts and liabilities as they mature, (d) each Loan Party (individually and on a consolidated basis with its Subsidiaries) is not engaged in business or a transaction, and is not about to engage in business or a transaction, for which its property would constitute an unreasonably small capital, and (e) each Loan Party (individually and on a consolidated basis with its Subsidiaries) is able to pay its debts and liabilities, contingent obligations and other commitments as they mature in the ordinary course of business. The amount of contingent liabilities at any time shall be computed as the amount that, in the light of all the facts and circumstances existing at such time, represents the amount that can reasonably be expected to become an actual or matured liability.

[Signature Page Follows]

 

F - 1

Form of Solvency Certificate


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned has executed this Solvency Certificate as of             , 201    .

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:

 

F - 2

Form of Solvency Certificate


EXHIBIT G-1

FORM OF

U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Foreign Lenders That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)

Reference is made to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “ Agreement ;” the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Borrower ”), American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer.

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01(e) of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record and beneficial owner of the Revolving Credit Loan(s) (as well as any Note(s) evidencing such Revolving Credit Loan(s)) in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) it is not a bank within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iii) it is not a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (iv) it is not a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code.

The undersigned has furnished the Administrative Agent and the Borrower with a certificate of its non-U.S. Person status on IRS Form W-8BEN. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished the Borrower and the Administrative Agent with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.

Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement.

 

[NAME OF LENDER]
By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

Date:             , 20[    ]

 

G - 1

U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate


EXHIBIT G-2

FORM OF

U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Foreign Participants That Are Not Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)

Reference is made to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “ Agreement ;” the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Borrower ”), American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer.

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01(e) of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record and beneficial owner of the participation in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) it is not a bank within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iii) it is not a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code, and (iv) it is not a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code.

The undersigned has furnished its participating Lender with a certificate of its non-U.S. Person status on IRS Form W-8BEN. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform such Lender in writing, and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished such Lender with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.

Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement.

 

[NAME OF PARTICIPANT]
By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

Date:             , 20[    ]

 

G - 2

U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate


EXHIBIT G-3

FORM OF

U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Foreign Participants That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)

Reference is made to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “ Agreement ;” the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Borrower ”), American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer.

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01(e) of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record owner of the participation in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) its direct or indirect partners/members are the sole beneficial owners of such participation, (iii) with respect such participation, neither the undersigned nor any of its direct or indirect partners/members is a bank extending credit pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of its trade or business within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iv) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (v) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code.

The undersigned has furnished its participating Lender with IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by one of the following forms from each of its partners/members that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption: (i) an IRS Form W-8BEN or (ii) an IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by an IRS Form W-8BEN from each of such partner’s/member’s beneficial owners that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform such Lender and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished such Lender with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.

Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement.

 

G - 3

U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate


[NAME OF PARTICIPANT]
By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

Date:              , 20[    ]

 

G - 3

U.S. Tax Compliance Certificate


EXHIBIT G-4

FORM OF

U.S. TAX COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATE

(For Foreign Lenders That Are Partnerships For U.S. Federal Income Tax Purposes)

Reference is made to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified in writing from time to time, the “ Agreement ;” the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation, American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Borrower ”), American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer.

Pursuant to the provisions of Section 3.01(e) of the Credit Agreement, the undersigned hereby certifies that (i) it is the sole record owner of the Revolving Credit Loan(s) (as well as any Note(s) evidencing such Revolving Credit Loan(s)) in respect of which it is providing this certificate, (ii) its direct or indirect partners/members are the sole beneficial owners of such Revolving Credit Loan(s) (as well as any Note(s) evidencing such Revolving Credit Loan(s)), (iii) with respect to the extension of credit pursuant to this Credit Agreement or any other Loan Document, neither the undersigned nor any of its direct or indirect partners/members is a bank extending credit pursuant to a loan agreement entered into in the ordinary course of its trade or business within the meaning of Section 881(c)(3)(A) of the Code, (iv) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a ten percent shareholder of the Borrower within the meaning of Section 871(h)(3)(B) of the Code and (v) none of its direct or indirect partners/members is a controlled foreign corporation related to the Borrower as described in Section 881(c)(3)(C) of the Code.

The undersigned has furnished the Administrative Agent and the Borrower with IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by one of the following forms from each of its partners/members that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption: (i) an IRS Form W-8BEN or (ii) an IRS Form W-8IMY accompanied by an IRS Form W-8BEN from each of such partner’s/member’s beneficial owners that is claiming the portfolio interest exemption. By executing this certificate, the undersigned agrees that (1) if the information provided on this certificate changes, the undersigned shall promptly so inform the Borrower and the Administrative Agent, and (2) the undersigned shall have at all times furnished the Borrower and the Administrative Agent with a properly completed and currently effective certificate in either the calendar year in which each payment is to be made to the undersigned, or in either of the two calendar years preceding such payments.

Unless otherwise defined herein, terms defined in the Credit Agreement and used herein shall have the meanings given to them in the Credit Agreement.

 

1


[NAME OF LENDER]
By:  

 

  Name:  

 

  Title:  

 

Date:              , 20[    ]

 

2


EXHIBIT H

FORM OF AVAILABILITY CERTIFICATE

Reference is made to that certain Credit Agreement, dated as January 18, 2013 (as amended, restated, extended, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “ Credit Agreement ;” the terms defined therein being used herein as therein defined), among American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Parent ”), American Residential GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, American Residential Properties OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), American Residential Leasing Company, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Borrower ”), American Residential Properties TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, the Lenders from time to time party thereto, and Bank of America, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer.

The undersigned Responsible Officer of the Borrower hereby certifies that as of the date hereof he/she is the                      of the Borrower, and that, as such, he/she is authorized to execute and deliver this Availability Certificate to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders in his capacity as a Responsible Officer of the Borrower (and not in any individual capacity), and that the following amounts and calculations reflect Availability as of the Calculation Date (as defined below):

AVAILABILITY CALCULATION

AS OF                                          (the “Calculation Date”)

 

I.    Aggregate Commitments in effect as of the Calculation Date:    $            
II.    Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date (See Schedule I attached hereto):    $            
III.    Total Outstandings as of the Calculation Date:    $            
IV.    Outstanding Recourse Indebtedness Amount as of the Calculation Date:    $            
   Availability ((Lesser of (i) Line I and (ii) Line II) minus (Line III + Line IV)):    $            

The undersigned further certifies in his capacity as a Responsible Officer of the Borrower (and not in any individual capacity) that (i) on the date hereof, each of the Investment Properties included in the Borrowing Base satisfies each of the Borrowing Base Eligibility Criteria listed in clauses (ii) through (xi) of Section 2.17(a) of the Credit Agreement, (ii) attached hereto as Schedule II is a calculation of the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date from all Eligible Investment Properties located in each individual county as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base

 

H - 1

Availability Certificate


Amount as of the Calculation Date, (iii) attached hereto as Schedule III is a calculation of the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount from Eligible Investment Properties that are not single family detached houses as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date, (iv) attached hereto as Schedule IV is a calculation of the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date from all Eligible Transitional Investment Properties as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date, (v) attached hereto as Schedule V is a calculation of the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date from all Short Term Leased Investment Properties as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date, (vi) attached hereto as Schedule VI is a calculation of the number of Investment Properties included in the calculation of the Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date, and the aggregate Investment Property Values of all such Investment Properties, (vii) attached hereto as Schedule VII is a calculation of the aggregate amount of Improvement Costs incurred by the Loan Parties for all Investment Properties that are Eligible Investment Properties as of the Calculation Date as a percentage of the aggregate Purchase Prices for all such Eligible Investment Properties as of the Calculation Date, (viii) attached hereto as Schedule VIII is a calculation of the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date from all Investment Properties that are not Affiliate Managed Investment Properties as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date, (ix) attached hereto as Schedule IX is a calculation of the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date from all Investment Properties that are Legacy Managed Investment Properties as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date and (x) attached hereto as Schedule X is a calculation of the aggregate amount contributed to the Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date from all Investment Properties (other than Investment Properties included in the Mack Portfolio) that are NNN Leased Investment Properties leased to any one lessee or affiliated group of lessees (whether pursuant to one or more than one NNN Lease Agreements) as a percentage of the total Borrowing Base Amount as of the Calculation Date.

 

H - 2

Availability Certificate


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , the undersigned has executed this Certificate as of the date first written above.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL LEASING COMPANY, LLC
By:  

 

Name:  

 

Title:  

 

 

[Signature Page to Availability Certificate]


EXHIBIT I-1

FORM OF PERFECTION CERTIFICATE

Reference is hereby made to (i) that certain Pledge Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013 (the “ Pledge Agreement ”), made by AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), and the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership party thereto, in favor of BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent and (ii) that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013 (the “ Credit Agreement ”), among AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC., a Maryland corporation (the “ Parent ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential GP ”), the Operating Partnership, AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL LEASING COMPANY, LLC (the “ Borrower ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer, and the Lenders party thereto. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned in the Credit Agreement.

As used herein, the term “ Companies ” means, collectively, the Parent, American Residential GP, the Operating Partnership, the Borrower and each of the Operating Partnership’s other Subsidiaries (other than Excluded Subsidiaries).

As of the date hereof, the undersigned hereby certifies to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders as follows:

1. Names .

(a) The exact legal name of each Company, as such name appears in its respective certificate of incorporation or any other organizational document, is set forth in Schedule 1(a) . Each Company is (i) the type of entity disclosed next to its name in Schedule 1(a) and (ii) a registered organization except to the extent disclosed in Schedule 1(a) . Also set forth in Schedule 1(a) is the organizational identification number, if any, of each Company that is a registered organization, the Federal Taxpayer Identification Number of each Company and the jurisdiction of formation of each Company.

(b) Set forth in Schedule 1(b) hereto is a list of any other corporate or organizational names each Company has had in the past five years, together with the date of the relevant change.

(c) Set forth in Schedule 1(c) is a list of (i) all other names used by each Company, or any other business or organization to which each Company became the successor by merger, consolidation, acquisition, change in form, nature or jurisdiction of formation or otherwise, on any filings with the Internal Revenue Service at any time within the five years preceding the date hereof and (ii) the name and jurisdiction of formation of each company, business or organization to which each Company became the successor by merger, consolidation, acquisition, change in form, nature or jurisdiction of formation or otherwise. Except as set forth in Schedule 1(c) , no Company has changed its jurisdiction of formation at any time during the past four months.

2. Current Locations . (a) The chief executive office of each Company is located at the address set forth in Schedule 2(a) hereto.

(b) Set forth in Schedule 2(b) are all locations where each Company maintains any books or records relating to any Collateral.

(c) Set forth in Schedule 2(c) hereto are all the other places of business of each Company.


3. Prior Locations . Set forth in Schedule 3 is the information required by Schedule 2(a) , Schedule 2(b) and Schedule 2(c) with respect to each location or place of business previously maintained by each Company at any time during the past four months.

4. File Search Reports . Attached hereto as Schedule 4 is a true and accurate summary of file search reports from the Uniform Commercial Code filing offices (i) in each jurisdiction identified in Section 1(a), Section 2 or Section 3 with respect to each legal name set forth in Section 1 and (ii) in each jurisdiction described in Schedule 1(c) relating to any of the transactions described in Schedule (1)(c)  with respect to each legal name of the person or entity from which each Company purchased or otherwise acquired any of the Collateral. A true copy of each financing statement, including judgment and tax liens, bankruptcy and pending lawsuits or other filing identified in such file search reports has been delivered to the Administrative Agent.

5. UCC Filings . The financing statements (duly authorized by each Loan Party constituting the debtor therein), including the indications of the collateral, attached as Schedule 5 relating to the Pledge Agreement, are in the appropriate forms for filing in the filing offices in the jurisdictions identified in Schedule 6 hereof.

6. Schedule of Filings . Attached hereto as Schedule 6 is a schedule of (i) the appropriate filing offices for the financing statements attached hereto as Schedule 5 and (ii) any other actions required to create, preserve, protect and perfect the security interests in the Collateral granted to the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Collateral Documents. No other filings or actions are required to create, preserve, protect and perfect the security interests in the Collateral granted to the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Collateral Documents.

7. Termination Statements . Attached hereto as Schedule 7(a) are the duly authorized termination statements in the appropriate form for filing in each applicable jurisdiction identified in Schedule 7(b) hereto with respect to each Lien described therein.

8. Stock Ownership and Other Equity Interests . Attached hereto as Schedule 8(a) is a true and correct list of each and all of the authorized, and the issued and outstanding, stock, partnership interests, limited liability company membership interests or other equity interest of each Company (other than the Parent) and the record and beneficial owners of such stock, partnership interests, membership interests or other equity interests setting forth the percentage of such equity interests pledged under the Pledge Agreement.

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2


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , we have hereunto signed this Perfection Certificate as of the date first written above.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
By:  

 

  Name:
  Title:

 

[Signature Page to Perfection Certificate]


EXHIBIT I-2

FORM OF PERFECTION CERTIFICATE SUPPLEMENT

This Perfection Certificate Supplement, dated as of [            ], 20[    ], is delivered pursuant to Section 6.16(b) of that certain Credit Agreement, dated as of January 18, 2013 (as amended, restated, supplemented or otherwise modified from time to time, the “ Credit Agreement ”) among AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC., a Maryland corporation (the “ Parent ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL GP, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential GP ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES OP, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL LEASING COMPANY, LLC (the “ Borrower ”), AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES TRS, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (“ American Residential TRS ”), the Subsidiaries of the Operating Partnership from time to time party thereto as guarantors, BANK OF AMERICA, N.A., as Administrative Agent and L/C Issuer and the Lenders party thereto. Capitalized terms used but not defined herein have the meanings assigned in the Credit Agreement. As used herein, the term “ Companies ” means, collectively, the Parent, American Residential GP, the Operating Partnership, the Borrower and each of the Operating Partnership’s other Subsidiaries (other than Excluded Subsidiaries).

The undersigned, the [                    ] of the Parent, hereby certifies to the Administrative Agent and the Lenders that, as of the date hereof, there has been no change in the information described in the Perfection Certificate delivered on the Closing Date (as supplemented by any perfection certificate supplements delivered prior to the date hereof, the “ Prior Perfection Certificate ”), other than as follows:

1. Names .

(a) Except as listed on Schedule 1(a) attached hereto and made a part hereof, (x)  Schedule 1(a) to the Prior Perfection Certificate sets forth the exact legal name of each Company, as such name appears in its respective certificate of incorporation or any other organizational document; (y) each Company is (i) the type of entity disclosed next to its name in Schedule 1(a) to the Prior Perfection Certificate and (ii) a registered organization except to the extent disclosed in Schedule 1(a) to the Prior Perfection Certificate; and (z) set forth in Schedule 1(a) to the Prior Perfection Certificate is the organizational identification number, if any, of each Company that is a registered organization, the Federal Taxpayer Identification Number of each Company and the jurisdiction of formation of each Company.

(b) Except as listed on Schedule 1(b) attached hereto and made a part hereof, set forth in Schedule 1(b) to the Prior Perfection Certificate is a list of any other corporate or organizational names each Company has had in the past five years, together with the date of the relevant change.

(c) Except as listed on Schedule 1(c) attached hereto and made a part hereof, set forth in Schedule 1(c) to the Prior Perfection Certificate is (i) a list of all other names used by each Company, or any other business or organization to which each Company became the successor by merger, consolidation, acquisition, change in form, nature or jurisdiction of formation or otherwise, on any filings with the Internal Revenue Service at any time within the five years preceding the date hereof and (ii) the name and jurisdiction of formation of each


company, business or organization to which each Company became the successor by merger, consolidation, acquisition, change in form, nature or jurisdiction of formation or otherwise,. Except as set forth in Schedule 1(c) attached hereto or made a part hereof or in Schedule 1(c) of the Prior Perfection Certificate, no Company has changed its jurisdiction of formation at any time since the date of the Prior Perfection Certificate.

2. Current Locations . (a) Except as listed on Schedule 2(a) attached hereto and made a part hereof, the chief executive office of each Company is located at the address set forth in Schedule 2(a) to the Prior Perfection Certificate.

(b) Except as listed on Schedule 2(b) attached hereto and made a part hereof, set forth in Schedule 2(b) to the Prior Perfection Certificate are all locations where each Company maintains any books or records relating to any Collateral.

(c) Except as listed on Schedule 2(c) attached hereto and made a part hereof, set forth in Schedule 2(c) to the Prior Perfection Certificate are all the other places of business of each Company.

3. Prior Locations . Except as listed on Schedule 3 attached hereto and made a part hereof, set forth in Schedule 3 to the Prior Perfection Certificate is the information required by Schedule 2(a) , Schedule 2(b) and Schedule 2(c) hereto and thereto with respect to each location or place of business previously maintained by each Company at any time during the past four months.

4. File Search Reports . Except as listed on Schedule 4 attached hereto and made a part hereof, Schedule 4 of the Prior Perfection Certificate sets forth a true and accurate summary of file search reports from the Uniform Commercial Code filing offices (i) in each jurisdiction identified in Section 1(a), Section 2 or Section 3 with respect to each legal name set forth in Section 1 and (ii) in each jurisdiction described in Schedule 1(c) hereto and thereto relating to any of the transactions described in Schedule (1)(c)  hereto and thereto with respect to each legal name of the person or entity from which each Company purchased or otherwise acquired any of the Collateral. A true copy of each financing statement, including judgment and tax liens, bankruptcy and pending lawsuits or other filing identified in such file search reports has been delivered to the Administrative Agent.

5. UCC Filings . Except as attached hereto as Schedule 5 , Schedule 5 to the Prior Perfection Certificate contains the financing statements (duly authorized by each Loan Party constituting the debtor therein) to be filed in connection with the Pledge Agreement, which financing statements are in the appropriate forms for filing in the filing offices in the jurisdictions identified in Schedule 6 hereto and thereto.

6. Schedule of Filings . Except as listed on Schedule 6 attached hereto and made a part hereof, attached to the Prior Perfection Certificate as Schedule 6 is a schedule of (i) the appropriate filing offices for the financing statements attached hereto and thereto as Schedule 5 and (ii) any other actions required to create, preserve, protect and perfect the security interests in the Collateral granted to the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Collateral Documents. No other filings or actions are required to create, preserve, protect and perfect the security interests in the Collateral granted to the Administrative Agent pursuant to the Collateral Documents.

 

2


7. Termination Statements . Except as attached hereto as Schedule 7(a) , attached as Schedule 7(a) to the Prior Perfection Certificate are the duly authorized termination statements in the appropriate form for filing in each applicable jurisdiction identified in Schedule 7(b) hereto and thereto with respect to each Lien described therein.

8. Stock Ownership and Other Equity Interests . Except as listed on Schedule 8(a) attached hereto and made a part hereof, Schedule 8(a) to the Prior Perfection Certificate is a true and correct list of each and all of the authorized, and the issued and outstanding, stock, partnership interests, limited liability company membership interests or other equity interest of each Company (other than the Parent) and the record and beneficial owners of such stock, partnership interests, membership interests or other equity interests setting forth the percentage of such equity interests pledged under the Pledge Agreement.

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3


IN WITNESS WHEREOF , we have hereunto signed this Perfection Certificate Supplement as of the date first written above.

 

AMERICAN RESIDENTIAL PROPERTIES, INC.
By:  

 

Name:  
Title:  


Exhibit J

ARP #

Address

City

State

County

Zip Code

Property Type (detached house, Condo, Townhouse, etc.)

Property Status (Transitional, Leased, Unleased, NNN Leased)

Legal Owner (specify name of Borrower / Subsidiary Guarantor)

Purchase Price

Improvement Cost (Non-recurring CAPEX)

Investment Total

Reported Value (AVM/TBD $-amount) (if / when applicable)

Date of Reported Value (if / when applicable)

Adjusted Net Operating Income for such Property (per month)

NNN Lease Payment (per month) (if applicable)

Year Built

Bed

Bath

Sq. Ft.

Acquisition Date

Lease Start Date

Lease Expiration Date

Short-Term Lease (Y/N)

Non-NNN 3rd Party Property Management (if any)

NNN 3rd Party Property Management (if any)

Exhibit 10.24

 

LOGO

Property Management

Agreement

PARTIES

This agreement (hereinafter referred to as the “Agreement”) is made as of February 12, 2013, by and between ARP Phoenix Fund I, LP (the “Fund”) and ARP Phoenix Fund I, GP (the “General Partner” and, together with the Fund, the “Owner”), on the one hand, and American Residential Properties TRS, LLC (“Manager”), on the other hand.

The Owner hereby appoints Manager to serve as its exclusive agent to perform the services described herein for a term commencing on the date hereof and continuing until February 12, 2014 (the “Initial Term”), subject to earlier termination or renewal in accordance with the terms hereof. Upon expiration of the Initial Term and any Renewal Term, unless this Agreement is terminated earlier in accordance with the terms hereof or either party provides the other party with written notice of non-renewal at least 30 days prior to the expiration date of the Initial Term or the applicable Renewal Term, this Agreement will automatically renew for an additional one-year period (each a “Renewal Term”), subject to any modifications in fees or other terms or provisions as the parties may agree, up to a maximum of 10 one-year periods.

Each party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement at any time with or without cause upon 30 days prior written notice to the other party.

Each party shall have the right to terminate this Agreement with cause immediately upon written notice to the other party. Cause shall mean any willful misconduct or material breach of this Agreement by the other party.

This Agreement shall supersede and replace in all respects any and all prior agreements between the parties with respect to the subject matter hereof.

PROPERTIES TO BE MANAGED UNDER THIS AGREEMENT

Each of the Properties owned now or hereafter by Owner (collectively, the “Properties”). The Properties owned by Owner as of the date of this Agreement are listed on Attachment A hereto.

REPRESENTATIONS

Owner and Manager each represents and warrants that it has full power and authority to enter into this Agreement and discharge its duties and obligations hereunder.

 

PAGE 1


Owner represents and warrants that (i) it is the sole owner of the Properties listed on Attachment A with full power and authority to own and lease the Properties, (ii) no other real estate broker or manager represents Owner in connection with the management of the Properties.

MANAGER RESPONSIBILITIES AND SERVICES

Owner hereby appoints Manager with the power and authority to perform the following services for and on behalf of the Owner, applying a reasonable standard of care consistent with industry standards:

Management

All services related to the management and operation of the Properties as are customarily provided by managers of comparable quality with respect to single-family residential real estate, including but not limited to:

 

  (1) Manage, maintain and operate the Properties.

 

  (2) Enter listing agreements with third party brokerages for the leasing of Owner’s properties.

 

  (3) Negotiate for and enter into leases on behalf of Owner.

 

  (4) Collect security deposits, which shall be held in the Owner’s account.

 

  (5) Collect rent, which shall be deposited in the Owner’s account.

 

  (6) Provide the Owner with regular statements of account, upon Owner’s request.

 

  (7) Provide the Owner with access to the Manager’s tracking and reporting systems. (8) Provide the Owner full access to data gathered by the Manager.

Tenant Performance

Manager shall make reasonable efforts to screen potential tenants and to collect rents, but does not guarantee future performance of tenants and is not obligated to refund to Owner any compensation or commission in the event of tenant breach.

Tenant Screening

Prospective tenants will submit credit information, and Manager will initiate the qualifying process, which includes a complete third-party credit check, and employment verification. The prospective tenant pays all cost of that investigation. Manager will make

 

PAGE 2


reasonable efforts to obtain accurate information regarding prospective tenants. However, information accuracy is limited by the 3 rd party information provider; Manager IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR INACCURATE OR INCOMPLETE INFORMATION. Owner agrees to allow Manager to use discretion and judgment in enforcing the terms or conditions of said lease and does not hold the Manager responsible for making any rental payments or other costs not paid by tenants. Owner hereby specifically authorizes Manager to take such action. Owner agrees to hold harmless Manager for any actions of the tenant. Manager is to retain application and credit check fees paid by all prospective tenants. The Owner authorizes the Manager, in the exercise of Manager’s sole discretion, to perform all necessary services required when the tenant is delinquent with rents including but not limited to: termination of lease(s), contracting eviction procedures through an attorney, sign papers for legal process, recover possession of the Owner’s Property, re-instate tenancies and/or release such actions of lawsuits as the Manager feels necessary to protect the Owner and/or Manager’s interest. All charges are billed to tenant but Owner is responsible in the event tenant does not pay. Cost may include special mailings, long distance phone calls, process services, attorney fees, and bookkeeping fees to provide attorney with documents to file court cases.

Accounting / Trust Accounts

Manager will maintain accounting for all receipts and disbursements. Manager agrees to submit monthly reports of all activity on the Properties to Owner on a monthly basis, as requested by Owner. No trust accounts will be utilized for Owner’s funds – all rents and security deposits shall be deposited directly into Owner’s account and all payments shall be made on Owner’s behalf directly from Owner’s account.

Priority of Monies

Rents and charges collected from tenants shall be disbursed in the following order of priority: a) Manager’s fees, b) Reimbursement to Manager for out of pocket expenses, c) Payment to vendors, d) Reserve account deficiencies, and e) Balance to Owner.

Property Repairs and Maintenance

Owner’s account may be utilized by Manager to advance repairs for Properties. Owner authorizes the Manager to use its judgment to effect repairs to the Properties as circumstances may demand. Manager may make or cause to be made, repairs as may be required by law or the existing lease agreement between the Owner and the tenant. Manager may hire, discharge and supervise all contractors as may be required for unless otherwise noted. Manager is authorized by Owner to use a “handyman” and not necessarily a “licensed contractor” for work performed on the Properties. Extensive

 

PAGE 3


repairs such as electrical, plumbing and roof will be done by a licensed contractor when necessary. Owner agrees to hold Manager harmless except for gross negligence as defined by Arizona Revised Statutes. Manager shall on behalf of the Owner, hire, supervise, and discharge all independent contractors required for the maintenance and operation of the Properties. Independent contractors are not required to be licensed contractors.

Property Inspections

At Owner’s request, Manager will provide semi-annual inspection of each Property for $100.00.

Property Dispositions

Consistent with past practice, at the sole cost and expense of the Owner, all services related to the disposition of properties at the direction of Owner. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Manager shall not list or enter into any agreement to sell any Property without the prior consent of Owner, and Manager understands and agrees that Owner, and not Manager, shall have the sole authority to enter into any agreement to sell a Property.

Fund Administration

Consistent with past practice, at the sole cost and expense of the Owner, Manager shall perform all services required to be performed by the General Partner with respect to the administration of the Fund in accordance with the terms and conditions of the Agreement of Limited Partnership of the Fund (the “Fund Partnership Agreement’), including but not limited to:

 

  (1) Engaging accountants at the Fund’s cost and overseeing all Fund accounting and financial reporting functions;

 

  (2) Administering investor capital accounts and causing all investor reports, including annual Form K-1 reports, to be prepared and delivered to Fund investors in a timely manner in accordance with the requirements of the Fund Partnership Agreement; and

 

  (3) Overseeing the processing and payment of all Fund investor distributions.

Owner acknowledges that Manager shall not assume the fiduciary duties of the General Partner with respect to the Fund and its limited partners, and that the General Partner shall retain such fiduciary duties.

Right to Contract on Behalf of Owner

Manager is authorized to enter into contracts for electricity, gas, fuel, water, trash, or rubbish hauling and other services as Manager may deem advisable. Owner shall assume the obligations under any contract so entered into.

 

PAGE 4


Compliance with Laws

Manager shall have full authority to take those steps necessary to comply with any city, state and federal laws and regulations, as it may deem necessary in its sole discretion. The Owner will hold the Manager harmless for actions taken in the exercise of the Manager’s discretion.

Rental Taxes and Licensing

Owner is responsible for rental taxes. Manager is hereby authorized to secure individual tax licenses for Owner (as required). Owner is to pay individual license fees. Manager shall forward collected rental taxes to appropriate agency and process the monthly tax forms for the Owner. Pursuant to ARS-#33-1901 & 1902, Owner is to maintain compliance and remain current with state laws. Manager shall register Owner annually and shall maintain compliance and licensing.

Collection and Enforcement

Manager shall in the exercise of its reasonable discretion, take all reasonably necessary enforcement actions when a tenant is delinquent in the payment of rents and other charges due under the lease, or otherwise breaches any other material terms or condition of the lease including, but not limited to: termination of tenancies, instituting a special detainer action, sign papers for legal process, recover possession of the Properties, re-instate tenancies and/or release such legal actions. All charges related to such enforcement actions shall be billed to tenant as additional rent; however, the Owner is responsible to pay the cost upon demand. Cost may include but is not limited to late fees, special mail fees, long distance calls, process services, attorney fees, and bookkeeping fees. Any cost ultimately recovered from the tenant shall be credited to the Owner’s account.

Eviction Judgment and Garnishment

In the event legal action is required, Owner shall pay Manager $100.00 as compensation for Manager’s costs incurred in connection with such legal proceeding. This fee will cover the cost of all court appearances and coordination with collection agency. Owner acknowledges that Manager may contract with third parties to collect past due balances and that said third parties may retain a portion of any monies collected as compensation for their efforts.

OWNER RESPONSIBILITY

Registration and Licensure

Owner shall register the Properties with the County Assessor and will accept legal service. Owner will purchase any business license or other licenses required by the applicable government authority.

 

PAGE 5


Insurance

Owner, at Owner’s sole expense, shall maintain adequate homeowner’s insurance, public liability insurance and any other necessary insurance on the Properties in an adequate amount to protect the interest of the Owner. Owner shall name Manager as co-insured on all insurance policies covering the Properties and provide Manager the Certificate of Insurance or copies of the policies. Such insurance shall remain in full force and effect during the term of this Agreement and any renewals thereafter . Owner may direct Manager to act on Owner’s behalf with respect to the procurement and maintenance of such insurance policies.

Legal and Tax Advice

Owner recognizes, acknowledges and agrees that Manager is not qualified or licensed to provide legal or tax advice.

Mortgage Payments

Owner is responsible for making all mortgage payments if applicable.

Utilities

Manager is responsible for authorizing activation and transfer of all utilities. Owner is responsible for all utilities expenses during times of vacancy.

Homeowner Associations

Owner shall make homeowners association and property management fee payments.

COMPENSATION AND FEES

Owner agrees to pay Manager a fee, payable monthly in cash, in an amount equal to 6% of the lease payments paid by or on behalf of tenants at the Properties. Owner shall pay all expenses and out of pocket costs incurred with respect to the repair and maintenance of the Properties, and such other costs and expenses described as payable by Owner in this Agreement. Manager shall pay the fees payable to any sub-manager engaged by Manager to assist Manager in the performance of its obligations under this Agreement.

NOTICES

Any notice, demand, delivery, request or other communication which any party hereto may be required or may desire to give shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been properly given if addressed as set forth below and (a) if hand delivered, when delivered; or b) if mailed, by United States Registered or Certified Mail postage prepaid, return receipt requested upon receipt or refusal of receipt; or (c) if by Federal Express or other reliable express service from whom proof of delivery is available, upon receipt; or (d) if sent via email transmission or facsimile, on the day of transmission (as confirmed by sender’s facsimile equipment or email system).

 

PAGE 6


CHOICE OF LAW

This Agreement is made pursuant to, shall be construed in accordance with and all issues relating to the compliance with state regulatory and licensing requirements shall be governed by the laws of the State of Arizona.

SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS

Both parties consider this written consent and grant that this Agreement shall be binding upon the successors, their heirs, administrators, executors and assigns of Owner and Manager.

SEVERABILITY

If any provision or term of this Agreement shall be determined by any court of competent jurisdiction to be invalid or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever, the remainder of this Agreement or the application of such provision to such person or circumstance, other than those as to which it is determined invalid or unenforceable, shall not be affected thereby, and each provision hereof shall be valid and shall be enforced to the fullest extent of law.

COUNTERPARTS

This Agreement may be executed in a number of identical counterparts, each of which for all purposes is deemed an original, and all of which constitute collectively an Agreement: but in making proof of this Agreement, it shall be necessary to produce or account for more than one such counterpart.

POWER OF ATTORNEY/ATTORNEY IN FACT

Owner grants Power of Attorney to Manager and authorizes Manager to act as its Attorney in Fact in relation to the Properties to make contracts for any and all utilities including electricity, gas, water, waste management, etc. Notice to utility companies: Owner grants Manager Power of Attorney to put these services in place in the Owner’s name. Manager is further authorized to communicate and act on Owner’s behalf with all HOA matters and further authorizes any tenant living in the Properties to interact with the HOA pertaining to matters arising from their tenancy.

[ SIGNATURES APPEAR ON FOLLOWING PAGE]

 

PAGE 7


MANAGER:
American Residential Properties TRS, LLC
By:  

/s/ Terrence A. Plas

  Name:   Terrence A. Plas
  Title:   VP, Designated Broker
OWNER:
ARP Phoenix Fund I, LP
By:   ARP Phoenix Fund I GP, LLC, for itself and for ARP Phoenix Fund I, LP
By:  

/s/ Stephen G. Schmitz

  Name:   Stephen G. Schmitz
  Title:   Managing Member

 

PAGE 8

Exhibit 21.1

List of Subsidiaries of American Residential Properties, Inc.

 

Name

  

State of Incorporation or Organization

1.      American Residential GP, LLC

   Delaware

2.      American Residential Properties OP, L.P.

   Delaware

3.      American Residential Properties TRS, LLC

   Delaware

4.      American Residential Leasing Company, LLC

   Delaware

5.      Flat Iron VI LLC

   Delaware

6.      Siphon Draw LLC

   Delaware

Exhibit 23.1

Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated March 22, 2013, except for Note 11, as to which the date is April 22, 2013, in Amendment No.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-187450) and related prospectus of American Residential Properties, Inc. for the registration of shares of its common stock.

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

Phoenix, Arizona

April 22, 2013

Exhibit 23.2

CONSENT OF JOHN BURNS REAL ESTATE CONSULTING, LLC

We hereby consent to the use of our name in the Registration Statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-187450) (together with any amendments or supplements thereto, the “Registration Statement”), to be filed by American Residential Properties, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), to the references to the John Burns Real Estate Consulting, LLC market study prepared for the Company wherever appearing in the Registration Statement, including, but not limited to the references to our company under the headings “Prospectus Summary,” “Industry Overview and Market Opportunity,” “Our Business and Investments” and “Experts” in the Registration Statement, and, if applicable, the attachment of such market study as an exhibit to the Registration Statement.

Dated: April 19, 2013

 

JOHN BURNS REAL ESTATE CONSULTING, LLC

By

 

/s/ Don Walker

Name:

  Don Walker

Title:

  President

Exhibit 23.5

Consent of Independent Auditor

American Residential Properties, Inc.

Scottsdale, Arizona

We consent to the reference to our firm under the caption “Experts” and to the use of our report dated April 18, 2013, for the audit of the Statement of Revenues and Certain Expenses of Empire Arizona Properties, included in the Registration Statement (Form S-11) and related prospectus of American Residential Properties, Inc. for the registration of shares of its common stock.

/s/ Semple, Marchal & Cooper, LLP

Certified Public Accountants

Phoenix, Arizona

April 19, 2013

Exhibit 23.6

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT AUDITOR

The Board of Directors and Stockholders

American Residential Properties, Inc.

We hereby consent to the incorporation of our report dated April 15, 2013 with respect to the statement of revenues and certain operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 2012 of the Wymont Arizona Properties of American Residential Properties, Inc. in the registration statement on Form S-11 (Registration No. 333-187450) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by American Residential Properties, Inc. under the Securities Act of 1933. We further consent to the reference to our firm under the heading “Experts” in the registration statement.

/s/ EKS&H LLLP

Denver, Colorado

April 18, 2013

Exhibit 99.1

LOGO

 

Housing Market Overview

April 2013

Trusted Analysis for Executive Decisions

Headquarters

16485 Laguna Canyon Road, Suite 130 Irvine, CA 92618 Tel: 949-870-1200 www.realestateconsulting.com

Offices

Irvine · San Diego · Sacramento · Texas · Florida · New England

Contact Information

Don Walker Chris Porter President Manager (858) 558-8384 x154 (949) 870-1218 dwalker@realestateconsulting.com cporter@realestateconsulting.com


INDUSTRY OVERVIEW AND MARKET OPPORTUNITY*

Industry Overview

Residential housing is the largest real estate asset class in the United States with a size of approximately $17.7 trillion, according to the 2012 fourth quarter Federal Reserve Flow of Funds release. Historically, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, approximately one-third of this asset class has been rented and single-family homes currently comprise roughly one-third of all residential rental housing.

The following chart provides information about the inventory of U.S. housing as of February 2013 by unit.

U.S. Housing Inventory

(as of February 2013)

 

LOGO

Source: JBREC, February 2013.

 

1


Market Opportunity

After nearly a decade of solid home price appreciation from 1998 to 2006, which we believe in many markets was in excess of underlying fundamentals, a significant over-correction has occurred in the pricing of the single-family housing sector. Home prices declined approximately 35% in some of the largest U.S. housing markets (as measured by the not-seasonally adjusted S&P/Case-Shiller Composite 20 Home Price Index from its peak on July 1, 2006 to its trough on March 1, 2012). We believe that home prices continue to be significantly below replacement costs in many of these markets. Additionally, we believe there will continue to be a supply of homes at distressed values, as a substantial number of non-performing loans will need to be resolved, including through foreclosure, short sale or conversion through a bank deed-for-lease program. Accordingly, we believe there is an opportunity to acquire a large volume of single-family homes at attractive pricing.

While a large and growing asset class, single-family rental properties have historically been managed by relatively small-scale, “mom and pop” owner-operators or by a limited number of local and regional property management organizations. More recently, the ownership profile of single-family rental properties has shifted to larger investors and national owner-operators, including American Residential Properties, Inc., seeking to efficiently acquire large numbers of homes at distressed values, generate attractive rental cash flow streams and benefit from any potential future home price appreciation. We believe the return profile, from rental yields and potential for home price appreciation, is significant enough to encourage investment in the systems, structures and technologies that can make possible economies of scale, resulting in an opportunity for broader industry consolidation by larger and better-capitalized investors that are introducing a higher standard of institutional management to this asset class.

The ability to acquire single-family homes at reduced prices, combined with improving housing demand characteristics, may offer a significant opportunity to those with a scalable real estate management and acquisitions platform and access to capital.

While single-family prices are in the early stages of recovery, multi-family prices have been improving during the last two years and have returned to levels on par with early 2006, as measured by the NCREIF Index.

Supply of Single-Family Housing

Following the eight-year period of solid price appreciation that ended in late 2006, home prices fell precipitously. From its peak in 2006 through the second quarter of 2010, the aggregate value of the U.S. housing market depreciated by approximately $5.5 trillion (per Case-Shiller and U.S. Census Bureau), an extraordinary reduction of value in the housing sector. This sudden decrease in home values has contributed to approximately 11.5 million home borrowers with negative equity or in some stage of delinquency as of the fourth quarter 2012 (according to JBREC).

Foreclosure-related activity peaked in 2009 and has since begun to decline, but is still substantially above historical averages. From September 2008 through December 2012, there were approximately 4.1 million completed loan foreclosures (according to CoreLogic). While an unprecedented number of foreclosures have occurred, a large number of delinquent loans remain outstanding. As of December 31, 2012, approximately 11.3% of all mortgage loans (measured by loan count based on Mortgage Bankers Association data) in the nation are in some level of non-performance.

 

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Non-Performing Single-Family Residential Mortgage Loans

(as of December 2012)

(Total Non-Performing Loans: 4.7 million)

 

LOGO

Source: MBA Mortgage Bankers Association—4th Quarter 2012 National Delinquency Survey.

The chart below illustrates the increase in the level of delinquency to relatively high levels. According to Mortgage Bankers Association data, a total of 4.7 million single-family residential mortgage loans are currently non-performing.

U.S. Single-Family Residential Mortgage Delinquency and Foreclosure Units

(Q4 1990—Q4 2012)

 

LOGO

Source: MBA Mortgage Bankers Association—4th Quarter 2012 National Delinquency Survey.

 

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Over the next five years, a substantial number of non-performing loans will need to be resolved, including through foreclosure, short sale or conversion through a bank deed-for-lease program. At the current rate of delinquency and non-performance, it appears that over 4.7 million homeowners in the United States will be affected. Even if fewer than half of the delinquent or non-performing loans proceed through the foreclosure process or are sold through the short sale process, the supply of inventory available for acquisition could be large.

Rental Market Demand Overview

Over the past two years, the U.S. rental housing market has begun a sustained recovery. In many markets, rental vacancy has fallen and rents have risen, even in areas hardest hit during the housing and economic downturn.

In addition to a growing trend of a mobile workforce, America is undergoing a shift in demographics. Core baby boomer households are becoming empty nesters, and the number of 20- to 34-year-olds is growing at an accelerated pace, as members of “Generation Y” come of home buying age. In the context of high unemployment, labor insecurity and a desire to maintain mobility, “Generation Y,” defined as those born between 1980 and 1999, numbers more than 80 million members, and is likely to show a higher tendency to rent rather than own residential housing. Additionally, the rising cost of college education and the corresponding burden of student loans leave many young people deep in debt and less willing or able to take on mortgage debt.

The chart below illustrates the strength of the overall rental market (including both single-family and multi-family rental housing), which has seen increases in occupancy and rental rates (despite the macroeconomic headwinds that the United States economy has been facing). According to the U.S. Census Bureau, out of the total 78 million family households in the United States, 32 million have two members, and are more likely candidates for multi-family rentals, whereas 46 million have three or more members, and are more likely candidates for single-family rentals.

Single-Family and Multi-Family Rental Occupancy and Rental Rate

(as of December 31, 2011)

 

Median Monthly Rent

  

% of Total Occupied Homes

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Single-Family Rental Demand

Many homeowners who have been displaced by the housing bubble are looking to live in a home with similar characteristics and amenities to their former home and, for this population, single-family rentals may present the best available option. In the wake of the worst housing downturn in history, renting has, in many cases, become more compelling for consumers, and, with the growth of the single-family rental market, these consumers are now offered alternative rental options.

While multi-family and single-family housing seem to be natural competitors in the rental sector, each generally appeals to a different type of tenant. The two rental markets are largely segmented by lifecycle stage. Singles, couples without children, people with roommates, newly divorced individuals and empty nesters dominate the multi-family market, because they have smaller space needs, less demand for associate acreage and generally prefer denser, transit-centric submarkets. On the other hand, the single-family market (both owner-occupied and tenant-occupied) serves larger households that are primarily families with children, whose preferences tend to focus on the need for additional space, quality of schools and neighborhood safety.

Within the broader rental market, the single-family rental segment has continued to grow its relative market share compared to other types of rental housing.

Relative Size of the Single-Family Rental Market

(as of December 31, 2011)

 

Single-Family Rentals as % of Total Rentals)    Total Count of Rental Units

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

Two of the primary factors driving the increase in demand for single-family rental properties are constraints on home mortgage financing and the displacement of homeowners.

Constraints on Home Mortgage Financing.

Even with the increased affordability of homes, many would-be home buyers—including some with no history of foreclosure—are finding it difficult to qualify for a mortgage. Lenders have reverted to more stringent underwriting standards (such as limitations on aggregate indebtedness and restrictions on the percentage of income allocable to mortgage payments) and require larger down payments, which together have made it difficult for many potential home buyers to obtain mortgage financing.

 

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Displaced Owners Forced to Rent

In some cases, the shift from owning to renting is a function of foreclosure, short sales, or other adverse credit or economic events. A home foreclosure, for example, can have a significant adverse effect on credit status and can limit the ability to obtain mortgage debt to finance future homeownership for up to seven years. Distressed owners are effectively converted to renters, many of whom prefer to live in a single-family unit, which has characteristics and amenities similar to their former homes, as opposed to an apartment.

The recent drop in home prices, constraints on mortgage lending, job volatility requiring greater geographic mobility, economic uncertainty, evolving demographics and expanded rental options are changing the way many Americans live. Many people, who in the past might have become homeowners, are instead becoming long-term renters of single-family homes. According to JBREC, for every 1.0% decline in the homeownership rate, the occupants of approximately 1.1 million homes become prospective tenants, and JBREC believes that the homeownership rate will continue to decrease through 2015 and then begin to increase again.

Single-Family Home Prices

We believe that there has been an over-correction in housing prices in certain housing markets, which has led to home prices being significantly below replacement cost in many of these markets. As the economy slowly strengthens and the housing market returns to long-term pricing norms, or reverts to mean pricing levels, we believe there is the potential for home price appreciation. The chart below illustrates the magnitude of the decrease in home prices in American Residential Properties, Inc.’s current markets and the subsequent rebound, which remains significantly below the peak in most markets.

 

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Changes in Burns Home Value Index (1)

(December 31, 2002 to December 31, 2012)

 

LOGO

Source: JBREC, February 2013.

 

(1) Peak occurred during either 2006 or 2007 for most markets, with the exceptions of Indianapolis (2003) and Houston (2008). Trough occurred during 2011 or 2012 for most markets, with the exceptions of Indianapolis (2010) and Houston (2009). Burns Home Value Index estimates all home values in a market, not just recent transactions (sales).

Markets: Economic and Demographic Fundamentals

Projections and Assumptions

The following discussion contains projections regarding home price appreciation, employment growth, residential building permit activity, median household income and household formation. JBREC has made these projections based on studying the historical and current performance of the residential housing market and applying JBREC’s qualitative knowledge about the residential housing market. The future is difficult to predict, particularly given that the economy and housing markets can be cyclical, subject to changing consumer and market psychology, and governmental policies related to mortgage regulations and interest rates. There will usually be differences between projected and actual results because events and circumstances frequently do not occur as expected, and the differences may be material. JBREC does not express any form of assurance that these

 

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projections will come true. See “Risk Factors—Risks Related to Our Business—The estimates, forecasts and projections relating to our markets prepared by JBREC are based upon numerous assumptions and may not prove to be accurate.”

Home Value Appreciation

The Burns Home Value Index seeks to provide a reasonable estimate of home value trends in an MSA. The index is calculated based on an “electronic appraisal” of every home in the market, rather than just the small sample of homes that are actually transacting. The index provides home value trends by analyzing transactions as they are negotiated, not closed, which eliminates the data lag embedded in other home value indices that are based only on completed transactions. The index does not measure the change in the median price of homes sold, which may be subject to the mix of homes being sold and differences by geography. Appreciation projections are highly dependent on JBREC’s assumptions of job growth by market, and mortgage rates staying below 5.2% through 2016.

Employment Growth

JBREC forecasts the Bureau of Labor Statistics’ wage and salary employment totals. Employment growth conditions vary by market, but JBREC believes that an economic recovery that involves global debt reduction is likely to be a slow-growth recovery. Among other things, JBREC has assumed that the economy is gradually expanding, albeit at a slower pace than prior economic recoveries.

Residential Building Permit Activity

JBREC’s residential building permit forecasts consider job growth in each market, as well as home sales activity, household formation and home price appreciation.

Median Household Income

JBREC’s household income forecasts assume generally improving job growth, and assume that incomes are generally rising after declining during the recent economic downturn. As with job growth, the recovery in the rate of household income growth is generally expected to occur at a slower pace in the near term than in previous economic recoveries.

Household Formation

JBREC’s household formation forecasts are based on forecasted changes in population, as well as a return to more normal headship rates, or the percentage of people in an age group who head a household. Headship rates fell for nearly all age groups from 2000 to 2010, particularly in the younger age groups, mostly caused by the economic distress in the latter half of the last decade. JBREC’s forecasts assume immigration that occurs at levels consistent with the 2000s and continued growth in multi-generational families.

Overview

As of March 31, 2013, American Residential Properties, Inc. conducted operations in eight primary markets, which it believes possess attributes that allow it to execute its single-family rental strategy. These markets have generally experienced significant price deterioration during the financial crisis, seen a decrease in homeownership and, in American Residential Properties, Inc.’s view, currently have a positive economic outlook. Additionally, these are markets where American Residential Properties, Inc. has identified partners, vendors and sub-contractors necessary to facilitate its strategy. American Residential Properties, Inc. believes these factors allow it to acquire, restore, lease and manage homes to generate attractive risk-adjusted returns over the long-term. As of March 31, 2013, American Residential Properties, Inc.’s eight primary markets were located in Arizona (Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA), California (Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA), Georgia (Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA), Illinois (Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL metropolitan division), Indianapolis (Indianapolis-Carmel, IN MSA), Nevada (Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA) and Texas (Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX metropolitan division and Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX MSA).

 

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The following tables provide summaries of actual economic data and estimates, forecasts and projections for these eight primary markets.

 

    Metro Area        
    Phoenix, AZ
MSA
    Riverside-San
Bernardino,
CA MSA
    Atlanta, GA
MSA
    Chicago,
IL Metro
Division
    Indianapolis,
IN MSA
    Las Vegas,
NV MSA
    Dallas, TX
Metro
Division
    Houston,
TX MSA
    United
States
 

MSA Rank by Population (1)

    14        13        9        3 (7)       34        30        4 (8)       6     

Unemployment Rate (2)
December 31, 2012

    6.7     10.9     8.4     8.6     8.0     10.0     5.9     6.0     7.6

Average Annual Home Value Appreciation Forecast (3)(4)
2013 to 2016

    10.7     9.8     11.1     9.1     5.5     14.3     6.9     5.1     6.5

Average Annual Employment Growth Forecast (3)(5)
2013 to 2016

    2.6     2.0     2.1     1.6     1.9     2.1     2.5     2.8     1.8

Average Annual Median Income Growth Forecast (3)(5)
2013 to 2016

    2.9     2.3     2.2     1.9     1.2     1.9     2.7     2.0     1.8

Average Annual Population Growth Forecast (3)(6)
2013 to 2016

    2.6     1.2     1.9     0.4     1.3     3.0     2.1     1.9     1.0

Discount (Premium) of Median Home Price to Cost of Newly Constructed Home (3)(5)

    23.6     4.4     26.2     -13.6     20.4     26.3     -5.3     15.3     N/A   

 

(1)   Source: 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States.
(2)   Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics.
(3)   JBREC estimate; actual values may differ materially from those estimated.
(4)   Source: JBREC—Burns Home Value Index.
(5)   Source: JBREC.
(6)   Source: Moody’s Analytics (September 2012).
(7)   Represents entire Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA.
(8)   Represents entire Dallas-Fort Worth, TX MSA.

 

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Burns Home Value Index—with Year-Over-Year Change

(indexed to 100 in January 2002)

 

    Metro Area                          

Period

  Phoenix,
AZ
    MSA    
    Riverside-San
Bernardino,
CA MSA
    Atlanta,
GA MSA
    Chicago, IL
Metro
Division
    Indianapolis,
IN MSA
    Las
Vegas,
NV MSA
    Dallas,
TX Metro
Division
    Houston,
TX
MSA
    8-MSA
Average
    National
Average
 

Jan. 2002

    100          100          100          100          100          100          100          100          100          100     

2002

    103          108          102          104          101          103          101          102          103          105     

2003

    108        6     132        22     106        4     114        9     106        4     117        13     103        2     107        4     111        8     116        10

2004

    123        13     178        35     111        5     122        7     103        -3     168        44     108        5     112        5     128        15     132        14

2005

    173        41     223        25     116        5     133        9     105        2     194        16     109        1     112        0     146        14     152        15

2006

    189        9     242        9     120        4     140        5     103        -1     200        3     113        4     118        5     153        5     159        5

2007

    170        -10     214        -12     121        0     139        -1     102        -2     180        -10     113        0     120        2     145        -6     153        -4

2008

    135        -20     152        -29     111        -8     125        -10     95        -6     138        -24     108        -5     121        0     123        -15     136        -12

2009

    105        -22     118        -22     100        -10     110        -12     93        -2     100        -28     107        0     117        -3     106        -14     124        -9

2010

    93        -12     111        -6     92        -8     99        -10     91        -2     88        -11     106        -1     120        3     100        -6     119        -4

2011

    85        -9     107        -4     82        -12     92        -7     90        -2     79        -10     101        -5     120        0     94        -6     114        -4

2012

    98        15     110        3     80        -2     90        -2     91        1     82        3     100        -1     123        3     97        2     116        2

2013E (1)

    116        18     124        12     88        10     98        9     97        7     92        13     105        5     134        8     107        10     125        7

2014E (1)

    132        14     140        13     101        15     110        12     104        7     110        20     114        9     142        7     119        12     136        8

2015E (1)

    141        7     153        9     113        12     121        10     109        5     129        17     123        8     148        4     130        9     144        6

2016E (1)

    147        4     160        5     122        8     127        5     113        3     140        9     130        5     151        2     136        5     150        4

Source: JBREC, Burns Home Value Index data as of February 2013.

 

(1)   JBREC estimate; actual values may differ materially from those estimated.

Burns Home Value Index—with Month-Over-Month Change

(indexed to 100 in January 2002)

 

    Metro Area                          

Period

  Phoenix,
AZ
    MSA    
    Riverside-San
Bernardino,
CA MSA
    Atlanta,
GA  MSA
    Chicago,
IL Metro
Division
    Indianapolis,
IN MSA
    Las
Vegas,
NV MSA
    Dallas,
TX  Metro
Division
    Houston,
TX
MSA
    8-MSA
Average
    National
Average
 

Dec. 2011

    87          106          78          87          90          78          99          120          93          113     

Jan. 2012

    88        1.4     106        0.5     79        0.6     87        0.2     90        0.4     78        0.8     99        0.3     119        -0.1     93        0.5     113        0.3

Feb. 2012

    90        1.8     107        0.8     79        0.6     88        0.8     90        0.2     78        0.4     100        0.3     121        0.9     94        0.7     114        0.6

Mar. 2012

    91        2.0     108        0.5     80        0.5     89        0.9     90        0.0     79        0.8     100        0.2     122        1.3     95        0.8     115        0.7

Apr. 2012

    94        2.4     108        0.5     80        0.5     90        1.1     90        -0.3     80        1.0     100        -0.2     123        0.6     95        0.7     115        0.7

May 2012

    96        2.4     109        0.6     80        -0.4     90        0.3     90        0.0     81        1.1     99        -0.2     124        0.6     96        0.6     116        0.4

Jun. 2012

    98        2.5     110        0.9     80        -0.5     90        0.4     90        0.6     82        1.4     99        -0.2     124        0.2     97        0.7     116        0.4

Jul. 2012

    100        1.6     111        0.8     80        0.0     91        0.2     92        1.2     83        0.9     99        0.0     124        -0.1     97        0.6     117        0.4

Aug. 2012

    102        2.3     112        1.0     80        0.4     91        0.1     92        0.5     84        1.3     99        0.1     124        0.0     98        0.7     117        0.4

Sep. 2012

    103        1.2     113        1.0     80        0.4     91        0.0     92        -0.1     84        0.4     100        0.2     124        -0.1     98        0.4     117        0.2

Oct. 2012

    104        0.3     113        0.5     80        0.2     91        -0.1     92        0.3     84        0.1     100        0.3     124        0.5     99        0.3     118        0.2

Nov. 2012

    104        0.3     114        0.6     81        0.5     91        0.4     93        0.3     84        0.4     100        0.3     125        0.6     99        0.4     118        0.4

Dec. 2012

    104        0.5     115        0.8     81        0.6     92        0.8     93        0.4     85        0.8     101        0.6     126        0.8     100        0.7     119        0.6

Source: JBREC, Burns Home Value Index data as of February 2013.

 

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Arizona Market (Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, AZ MSA: “Phoenix”)

Phoenix Economic Overview

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Phoenix metropolitan area had 4.3 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the fourteenth-largest MSA in the United States by population, and is home to approximately 66% of Arizona’s population. The Phoenix metropolitan area consists of Maricopa and Pinal counties Phoenix’s key industries are focused on professional and business services and retail trade, according to the October 2012 Arizona: Economic and Business Research published by the University of Arizona. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth has been positive in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate, and household income has begun to rise. In addition, Phoenix is projected to experience population growth of 2.6% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in Phoenix, with 42,900 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 9.8% in 2010 to 6.7% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 47,875 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.6%.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Phoenix has risen, experiencing a 0.9% and 1.5% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in Phoenix to increase to $58,422 by 2016, which is a 2.9% average annual increase.

 

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Median Household Income—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

Phoenix Housing Market Overview

The total market size of housing stock in Phoenix is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $203 billion (approximately 1.8 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 110,823 homes. In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Phoenix housing market has begun to improve. Household formation has increased from its 2011 trough, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased. In addition, home values have begun to appreciate, with an estimated home value increase of 15.1% for 2012, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Despite this recovery, homeownership has declined, from a peak of 74.9% in 2004 to a trough of 62.3% as of September 30, 2012, rising only slightly to 63.2% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Phoenix market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 23.6% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Phoenix MSA is $81.20 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Phoenix MSA median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 22% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 38,605 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $6.3 billion in value

 

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(assuming the December 31, 2012 median sales price of $163,000 per home). “Shadow inventory” includes homes that are not currently listed for sale but are in various stages of distress (i.e., mortgages that are 30 or more days delinquent or are in foreclosure). JBREC assigns a probability of sale to these homes in order to estimate the shadow inventory of single-family homes becoming available for purchase due to financial distress.

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 15,882 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, Phoenix added an estimated 21,900 households. This represents a 21.7% increase as compared to the number of households formed during the year ended December 31, 2011, though it is well off peak levels reached in 2005. From 2009 through 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 37,000, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 47,625 annually from 2013 through 2016, which is generally higher than historical growth levels. By 2016, total permits in Phoenix are expected to reach 46,000 units—the highest since 2006 in this market.

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Phoenix was 63.2%, which is down from a high of 74.9% in 2004.

Homeownership Rate—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Phoenix are showing growth following several years of significant decline. The Burns Home Value Index was up 15.1% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $163,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 23.6% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Phoenix MSA are projected to show an average annual increase of 10.7% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

Burns Home Value Index—Phoenix, AZ MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates . Single-family home average monthly rents have increased in Phoenix from 2010 through 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 18.3%% to 10.1% from 2009 to February 28, 2013.

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Phoenix, AZ MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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California Market (Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA MSA: “Inland Empire”)

Inland Empire Economic Overview

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Inland Empire metropolitan area had 4.3 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the third-largest in California and the thirteenth-largest in the nation by population. The Inland Empire metropolitan area consists of Riverside and San Bernardino counties, and, due to its proximity to the Los Angeles port, the Inland Empire has become home to many distribution centers for large manufacturers. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth was positive for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a declining unemployment rate, and household income has begun to rise. In addition, the Inland Empire is projected to experience population growth of 1.2% from 2013 through 2016, in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in the Inland Empire, with 15,900 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 14.3% in 2010 to 10.9% as of December 31, 2012. The Inland Empire economy appears to be improving, albeit at a slower pace than other parts of the country. JBREC anticipates employment will grow by an average of 24,125 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.0%.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in the Inland Empire has generally risen, experiencing a 1.7% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 but a slight decrease of -0.8% for the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in the Inland Empire will increase to $58,822 by 2016, which is a 2.3% average annual increase.

Median Household Income—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

Inland Empire Housing Market Overview

The total market size of housing stock in the Inland Empire is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $205 billion (approximately 1.5 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 70,731 homes. In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Inland Empire housing market has begun to improve. Household formation has increased from its 2008 trough, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased slightly from their 2011 issuance level. In addition, home values have begun to appreciate, with an estimated home value increase of 3.1% for 2012, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Despite this recovery, homeownership continues to decline from its peak of 68.5% in 2005 to 55.5% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Inland Empire market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 4.4% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Riverside-San Bernardino MSA is $103.76 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Riverside-San Bernardino MSA median new home size and direct

 

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construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 30% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 48,341 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $10.2 billion in value (assuming the median sales price of $210,000 per home as of December 31, 2012).

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits is only slightly above its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 5,241 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, the Inland Empire added an estimated 18,700 households. From January 1, 2008 to December 31, 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 48,500, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. Household formation is likely to outpace permit activity in the near term, adding an average of 24,325 households per year between 2013 and 2016. JBREC expects that, by 2016, total permit activity will return to 18,000 units issued, which is a significant improvement from the lows of this recent downturn, but significantly lower than the market’s peak.

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in the Inland Empire was 55.5%, which is down from a high of 68.5% in 2005.

Homeownership Rate—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in the Inland Empire are showing growth following several years of significant decline. The Burns Home Value Index was up an estimated 3.1% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $210,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 4.4% less than estimated cost of a newly constructed home. Home values in the Inland Empire are projected to show an average annual increase of 9.8% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

Burns Home Value Index—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents have increased slightly in the Inland Empire in 2013 from 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate decreased from 12.1% in 2009 to 6.9% through February 28, 2013.

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Riverside / San Bernardino, CA MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Georgia Market (Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA MSA: “Atlanta”)

Atlanta Economic Overview

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Atlanta metropolitan area had 5.4 million people across 28 counties and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the largest MSA in Georgia and the ninth-largest in the United States by population. Reflecting its broad-based economy, the Atlanta metropolitan area’s top employers include sectors such as trade, transportation, utilities and professional and business services (according to the University of Georgia’s 2012 Economic Yearbook). Following several years of declining employment, employment growth has been positive in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate. The median household income has begun to rise, though, for 2012, it was only 0.8% above its level in 2010. In addition, Atlanta is projected to experience population growth of 1.9% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in Atlanta, with 34,200 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 10.2% in 2010 to 8.4% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 51,375 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.1%.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Atlanta has risen slightly, experiencing a 0.6% and 0.2% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in Atlanta to increase to $60,544 by 2016, which is a 2.2% average annual increase.

Median Household Income—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

Atlanta Housing Market Overview

The total market size of housing stock in Atlanta is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $259 billion (approximately 2.2 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 84,788 homes (limited geographic coverage). In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Atlanta housing market has begun to improve. Household formation remains near historic lows, but permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased. In addition, home values have begun to decrease at a slower pace, with an estimated home value decrease of 2.1% in 2012 from 2011, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Homeownership declined from its peak of 67.9% in 2006 to 60.8% as of September 30, 2012, and began to increase once again to 63.4% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Atlanta market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.2% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Atlanta MSA is $81.61 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Atlanta MSA median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value

 

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estimate (equal to 20% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a large “shadow inventory” of approximately 87,539 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $8.9 billion in value (assuming the median sales price of $101,536 per home as of December 31, 2012).

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 14,331 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. An estimated 25,200 households were added during the same time period in Atlanta, and it appears as if household formation will continue to outpace new housing supply in the near term. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 44,000 annually from 2013 through 2016. Total permits are expected to increase to 38,000 units by 2016, a level that is comparable to permit activity in 1993.

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels . As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Atlanta was 63.4%, which is down from a high of 67.9% in 2006.

Homeownership Rate—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Atlanta are decreasing less rapidly than in previous years. The Burns Home Value Index was down an estimated 2.1% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $101,536 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.2% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. After reaching a trough in 2012, home values in the Atlanta MSA are forecasted to rise at an average of 11.1% per year from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

Burns Home Value Index—Atlanta, GA MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents have increased in Atlanta from 2011 through 2012 and into early 2013. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 16.6% to 10.8% from 2009 to February 28, 2013.

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Atlanta, GA MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Illinois Market (Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL Metro Division: “Chicago”)

Chicago Economic Overview

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 Population Estimates, the Chicago metropolitan division had 7.9 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the third-largest MSA in the United States by population when combined with the neighboring Gary, IN and Lake County-Kenosha County, IL-WI metropolitan divisions (an additional 1.6 million people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 Population Estimates). The Chicago metropolitan division consists of eight counties. Chicago’s key industries are focused on trade, transportation and utilities, and professional and business services, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth has been positive in the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate. Household incomes have remained relatively flat in recent years. Chicago is projected to experience population growth of 0.4% from 2013 through 2016, which is below the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive and improving in Chicago, with 34,200 jobs added in the year ended December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 10.4% in 2010 to 8.6% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 61,375 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 1.6%.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Chicago rose 1.3% in the year ended December 31, 2011, but fell 1.3% in the year ended December 31, 2012. JBREC anticipates the median income in Chicago to increase to $61,732 by 2016, which is a 1.9% average annual increase.

Median Household Income—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

Chicago Housing Market Overview

The total market size of housing stock in the greater Chicago MSA is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $604 billion (approximately 3.8 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 85,572 homes for the Chicago metro divisions (including seven of the eight counties in the metro division). Household formation has slowed in recent years, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes are beginning to increase once again. Home values have begun to decrease at a slower pace, with an estimated home value decrease of 2.2% in 2012 from 2011, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Homeownership has declined, from 70.0% in 2005 to a trough of 66.9% as of September 30, 2012, rising only slightly to 67.5% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Chicago market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 13.6% more than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Chicago metropolitan division is $99.38 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Chicago metropolitan division median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and

 

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includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 17% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 151,957 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $26.3 billion in value (assuming the December 31, 2012 median sales price of $165,000 per home).

Supply and Demand Dynamics. The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 7,343 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, Chicago added an estimated 13,900 households, which is well off peak levels reached in the early 1990s. From 2008 through 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 48,500, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 21,325 annually from 2013 through 2016, which is lower than the average growth during the 1990s. By 2016, total permits in Chicago are expected to reach 18,000 units—the highest since 2007 in this market.

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Chicago was 67.5%, which is down from 70.0% in 2005.

Homeownership Rate—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Chicago are decreasing less rapidly than in previous years. The Burns Home Value Index was down 2.2% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $165,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 13.6% more than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Chicago MSA are projected to show an average annual increase of 9.1% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

Burns Home Value Index—Chicago, IL Metro Division

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents have increased in Chicago in early 2013 from 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 12.2% to 7.6% from 2010 to February 28, 2013.

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Chicago, IL Metro Division

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC. Vacancy rate represents entire Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, IL-IN-WI MSA.

 

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Indiana Market (Indianapolis-Carmel, IN MSA: “Indianapolis”)

Indianapolis Economic Overview

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Indianapolis MSA had approximately 1.8 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the thirty-fourth-largest MSA in the United States by population. There are ten counties in the Indianapolis MSA. Indianapolis is projected to experience population growth of 1.3% from 2013-2016, which is slightly above the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Indianapolis, with 10,100 jobs added in the 12 months ended December 31, 2011 and 11,900 jobs added in the 12 months ended December 31, 2012. By comparison, the metro area lost a total of 45,200 jobs between 2008 and 2010. The unemployment rate has declined from 9.1% in 2010 to 8.0% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC assumes employment to grow by an average of 17,375 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 1.9%.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC.

 

(P) JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Indianapolis has remained relatively flat, experiencing a 0.4% and 0.2% period over period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC assumes the median income in Indianapolis will increase to $53,297 by 2016, which is a 1.2% average annual increase.

Median Household Income - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC.

 

(P) JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

Indianapolis Housing Market Overview

The total market size of housing stock in Indianapolis is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $78 billion (approximately 762,000 homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey). Household formation is increasing once again, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes as of December 31, 2012 were at 4,895, reaching the trough annual level during this housing cycle in the Indianapolis MSA. Home values dropped modestly from 2003 to 2011, declining 15.0% from peak to trough annual values (according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index). The homeownership rate peaked as high as 79.0% in 2006, but has subsequently declined to 67.1% on average for 2012, rising slightly to 67.8% as of December 31, 2012.

We believe that there remains opportunity in the Indianapolis market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 20.4% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement /new construction cost estimate for the Indianapolis metro area is $80.77 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Indianapolis metro area median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 15% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees

 

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because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 27,172 homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $3.5 billion in value (assuming of the median sales price of $129,916 per home as of December 31, 2012).

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The total annual permit issuance of single-family and multi-family permits reached what is expected to be the trough during 2012 in the Indianapolis metro area. Household growth in Indianapolis has increased from lows in 2010 to an estimated 8,900 households added in 2012. JBREC assumes that households will steadily increase from 10,700 households added in 2013 to 11,900 households added in 2016. Total permits are forecasted to reach 11,500 units in 2016, a level that is comparable to permit activity in 2006. Household formation is expected to outpace permit activity in the near term.

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC.

 

(P) JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. The homeownership rate in the Indianapolis MSA declined from a peak of 79.0% in 2006 to 67.1% on average for 2012, rising slightly to 67.8% as of December 31, 2012.

Homeownership Rate - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home values in Indianapolis experienced a 1.5% increase in 2012 from 2011 after declining 15.0% from 2003 through 2011. The median resale price for a detached home was $129,916 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 20.4% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Indianapolis metro area are forecasted to rise at an average annual rate of 5.5% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

Burns Home Value Index - Indianapolis, IN MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC.

 

(P) JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents are rising in the Indianapolis MSA, while the vacancy rate is declining. After peaking at 13.9% in 2010, the vacancy rate has decreased to 8.6% as of February 28, 2013.

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates - Indianapolis, IN MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Nevada Market (Las Vegas-Paradise, NV MSA: “Las Vegas”)

Las Vegas Economic Overview

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Las Vegas metropolitan area, Clark County, had a population of 2.0 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is one of the fastest growing MSAs in the United States and is the thirtieth-largest MSA by population. Las Vegas’ primary economic drivers are tourism, leisure and lodging. Following several years of declining employment, employment growth was positive for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, which has resulted in a decrease in the unemployment rate, and household income has begun to rise. In addition, Las Vegas is projected to experience population growth of 3.0% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Las Vegas, but the recovery has been slow, with only 4,700 and 6,400 jobs added for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. This compares to approximately 124,400 jobs lost from January 1, 2008 through December 31, 2010. The unemployment rate has declined from 14.1% in 2010 to 10.0% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 17,625 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.1%.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009 and 2010, the median household income in Las Vegas has risen, experiencing a 1.3% and 1.0% period-over-period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. JBREC anticipates the median income in Las Vegas to increase to $56,560 by 2016, which is a 1.9% average annual increase.

Median Household Income—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

Las Vegas Housing Market Overview

The total market size of housing stock in Las Vegas is estimated by the U.S. Census to be nearly $72 billion (approximately 800,000 homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to DataQuick, in 2012 of 55,049 homes. In addition to the improving economic conditions discussed above, the Las Vegas housing market has begun to improve. Household formation has increased from its 2010 trough, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes have increased. In addition, home values have begun to appreciate, with an estimated home value increase of 2.9% for 2012, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. Despite this recovery, homeownership has declined, from its peak of 63.4% in 2004 to 51.1% as of September 30, 2012, increasing slightly to 52.8% as of December 31, 2012. This decrease in recent years indicates that many traditional homeowners continue to seek housing alternatives, including through single-family rentals.

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Las Vegas market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.3% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement / new construction cost estimate for the Las Vegas MSA is $87.14 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Las Vegas MSA median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 25% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the

 

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median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a large “shadow inventory” of approximately 32,422 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $4.7 billion in value (assuming the median single-family existing home sales of $145,000 per home as of December 31, 2012).

Supply and Demand Dynamics . The level of issuance of single-family and multi-family housing permits has begun to rise from its lowest levels in more than 30 years, with 7,379 permits issued during the year ended December 31, 2012. During the same time period, Las Vegas added an estimated 10,600 households—more than the 6,700 household formations reached during the year ended December 31, 2011. From January 1, 2009 to December 31, 2012, household formation has outpaced new housing permits by more than 8,100, resulting in favorable supply and demand dynamics for rental housing and existing housing stock. JBREC assumes household growth will improve, growing by an average of 25,000 households annually from 2013 through 2016. Household formations are forecasted to outpace permit activity in the near term, but permits are expected to rise to 20,000 in 2016.

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Las Vegas was 52.8%, which is down from a high of 63.4% in 2004.

Homeownership Rate—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home prices in Las Vegas are showing growth following several years of significant decline. The Burns Home Value Index was up an estimated 2.9% in 2012 from 2011, and the median resale price for a detached home was $145,000 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 26.3% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Las Vegas MSA are projected to show an average annual increase of 14.3% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

Burns Home Value Index—Las Vegas, NV MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents in Las Vegas appear to be leveling. Additionally, the vacancy rate had decreased from 14.4% in 2009 to 10.8% in 2011, and has risen to 12.6% as of February 2013.

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Las Vegas, NV MSA

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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Texas Market (Dallas-Plano-Irving, TX Metropolitan Division: “Dallas”)

Dallas Economic Overview

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Dallas metropolitan division had approximately 4.3 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the fourth-largest MSA in the United States by population when combined with the neighboring Fort Worth-Arlington, TX metropolitan division (an additional 2.2 million people, according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey). There are eight counties in the Dallas metropolitan division. Dallas’ primary economic drivers are the financial services, technology and defense industries. The median household income has been rising since 2009 and, as of 2012, is at its highest level ever. In addition, Dallas is projected to experience population growth of 2.1% from 2013 through 2016, well in excess of the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Dallas, and the Dallas market has recovered all the jobs it lost during the recession. During the year ended December 31, 2009, Dallas lost 82,200 jobs, but Dallas has added 85,500 jobs from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 8.2% in 2010 to 5.9% as of December 31, 2012. The Dallas economy appears to be performing well compared to the overall U.S. economy, with robust job growth and an unemployment rate that is below the national average. JBREC forecasts employment to grow by an average of 55,500 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.5%.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009, the median household income in Dallas has risen, experiencing a 3.2% and 2.0% period over period growth rate for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012, respectively. The median household income has surpassed 2008 levels and, as of 2012, was an estimated $60,200. JBREC anticipates the median income in Dallas to increase to $66,894 by 2016, which is a 2.7% average annual increase.

Median Household Income—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

Dallas Housing Market Overview

The total market size of housing stock in Dallas-Fort Worth is estimated by the U.S. Census and the National Association of Realtors to be $277 billion (approximately 2.5 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual sales, according to the Texas A&M Real Estate Center and DataQuick, in 2012 of 85,627 homes (including 7 of the 12 counties for new home sales). The Dallas market, unlike many other markets in the United States, did not experience significant price appreciation and price correction in the last 10 years. Values have remained fairly constant, and housing fundamentals have been strong. Household formation is increasing once again, but permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes as of December 31, 2012 were at 25,395 (11,018 permits above the 2009 trough of just 14,377 homes) in the Dallas Metro Division. Home values over the past decade have remained fairly constant (compared to other markets) with only a 12.0% drop from peak to trough values (according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index). Homeownership has remained fairly constant over the past decade at approximately 62%, declining to 61.3% as of December 31, 2012.

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Dallas market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 5.3% more than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement /new

 

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construction cost estimate for the Dallas Metro Division is $78.85 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Dallas Metro Division median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 20% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 43,597 single-family homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $7.8 billion in value (assuming of the median sales price of $179,100 per home as of December 31, 2012).

Supply and Demand Dynamics . Single-family and multi-family permit issuance has increased since the year ended December 31, 2009, driven primarily by growth of issuances of multi-family permits. Household growth in Dallas has remained fairly constant throughout the past 10 years. Since 2008, however, household formation has outpaced housing permits by approximately 11,800 households per year on average. The average household formation reported for the year ended December 31, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2012 is 33,000 households per year, which is the highest since 2001. JBREC assumes that households will grow by an average of 39,375 annually from 2013 through 2016, which is above historical growth levels (average of 27,000 since 1988). Total permits are expected to reach 37,000 units in 2016, a level that is comparable to permit activity in the mid-2000s.

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. As of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Dallas was 61.3%, which is down from a high of 63.8% in 2010.

Homeownership Rate—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to the JBREC, home values in Dallas experienced a 0.9% decrease in 2012 from 2011. The median average resale price for a detached home was $179,100 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 5.3% more than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Dallas metro division are forecasted to rise at an average annual rate of 6.9% from 2013 to 2016, surpassing the previous peak values in 2014, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

Burns Home Value Index—Dallas, TX Metro Division

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

 

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Source: JBREC. “P” indicates JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents increased in Dallas from 2011 to 2012. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 13.5% to 9.7% from 2010 to February 28, 2013.

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Dallas, TX Metro Division

 

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Source: RentRange, LLC. Vacancy rate represents entire Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX MSA.

 

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Texas Market (Houston, TX MSA: “Houston”)

Houston Economic Overview

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey, the Houston MSA had nearly 6.1 million people and, according to the 2012 U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States, is the sixth-largest MSA in the United States by population. There are ten counties in the Houston MSA. The median household income has been rising since 2010 and, as of 2011, had surpassed its highest level ever. In addition, Houston is projected to experience population growth of 1.9% from 2013-2016, which is above the projected national average of 1.0% for the same period, according to Moody’s Analytics (September 2012); Moody’s Analytics / Précis U.S. Macro / December 2012.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate. Employment growth is positive in Houston, with 88,700 jobs added in the 12 months ended December 31, 2012. Between 2009 and 2010, the metro area lost a total of 73,400 jobs, and has added 153,700 jobs from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2012. The unemployment rate has declined from 8.5% in 2010 to 6.0% as of December 31, 2012. JBREC assumes employment to grow by an average of 79,625 jobs annually from 2013 through 2016, or annual growth of 2.8%.

Annual Employment Growth and Unemployment Rate—Houston, TX MSA

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Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics, JBREC.

 

(P) JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Median Household Income. After decreasing in 2009, the median household income in Houston has risen. With cumulative growth of 6.6% between 2010 and 2012, the median household income in 2012 had reached a new peak of $58,400. JBREC assumes the median income in Houston to increase to $63,091 by 2016, which is a 2.0% average annual increase.

Median Household Income—Houston, TX MSA

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, JBREC.

 

(P) JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

Houston Housing Market Overview

The total market size of housing stock in Houston is estimated by the U.S. Census to be $237 billion (approximately 2.3 million homes according to the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011 American Community Survey), with annual resale home sales, according to the Texas A&M Real Estate Center, in 2012 of 68,491 homes. Household formation is solid, and permits to build new single-family and multi-family homes as of December 31, 2012 were at 43,450 in the Houston MSA, which is up from fewer than 28,000 permits in 2009 and in 2010. Home values dropped modestly in 2009, and very little in 2011, according to JBREC’s Burns Home Value Index. The homeownership rate peaked as high as 64.8% in 2008, but has subsequently declined to 60.4% as of December 31, 2012.

We believe that there remains significant opportunity in the Houston market to continue to acquire, restore, lease and manage single-family homes. JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 15.3% less than the 2011 estimated cost of a newly constructed home. The JBREC total replacement /new construction cost estimate for the Houston metro area is $79.50 per square foot for 2011. The estimate is based on the Houston metro area median new home size and direct construction cost estimate, and includes a finished lot value estimate (equal to 20% of the median new home price), financing costs at 3% of the median new home price; selling, general and administrative (SG&A) costs of 12% of the median new home price; and developer

 

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profit of 8% of the median new home price. This estimate does not include permitting costs and fees because they may vary greatly within a MSA. Additionally, JBREC estimates that there is a “shadow inventory” of approximately 56,820 homes as of December 31, 2012, representing approximately $9.7 billion in value (assuming of the median sales price of $171,300 per home as of December 31, 2012).

Supply and Demand Dynamics . Single-family and multi-family permit issuance has increased since the year ended December 31, 2009, driven largely by growth of issuances of multi-family permits in 2011. However, single-family permits have risen as well. Household growth in Houston has hovered between 41,000 and 47,000 households added per year since 2008. JBREC assumes that households will steadily increase from 45,100 households added in 2013 to 51,000 households added in 2016. Total permits are expected to reach 68,000 units in 2016, a level that is significantly higher than the trough of this past housing cycle, but still short of the 2006 peak. Household formation is expected to lag permit activity in the near term.

Annual Household Formation and Housing Permits—Houston, TX MSA

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Sources: Moody’s Analytics, U.S. Census Bureau, JBREC.

 

(P) JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Homeownership Levels. While the homeownership rate averaged 62.2% in 2012, as of December 31, 2012, the homeownership rate in Houston was 60.4%, which is down from a high of 64.8% in 2008.

Homeownership Rate—Houston, TX MSA

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Source: U.S. Census Bureau.

 

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Burns Home Value Index. According to JBREC, home values in Houston experienced a 2.9% increase in 2012 from 2011. The median resale price for a detached home was $171,300 as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 2011, JBREC estimates that, on a per square foot basis, the median home price is 15.3% less than estimated replacement cost for a newly constructed home. Home values in the Houston metro area are forecasted to rise at an average annual rate of 5.1% from 2013 to 2016, according to the Burns Home Value Index.

Burns Home Value Index—Houston, TX MSA

Indexed to 100 for January 2002

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Source: JBREC.

 

(P) JBREC projection; actual values may differ materially from those projected.

 

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Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates. Single-family home average monthly rents in Houston have showed continued increases from 2011. Additionally, the vacancy rate has decreased from 16.2% in 2009 to 11.6% as of February 28, 2013.

Single-Family Rental and Vacancy Rates—Houston, TX MSA

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Source: RentRange, LLC.

 

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* This market study was prepared in April 2013 by John Burns Real Estate Consulting, LLC (“JBREC”) for American Residential Properties, Inc. in connection with its initial public offering. Founded in 2001, JBREC is an independent research provider and consulting firm focused on the housing industry. The market study contains forward-looking statements which are subject to uncertainty.

The estimates, forecasts and projections prepared by JBREC are based upon numerous assumptions and may not prove to be accurate. This market study contains estimates, forecasts and projections that were prepared by JBREC, a real estate consulting firm. The estimates, forecasts and projections relate to, among other things, home value indices, payroll employment growth, median household income, housing permits and household formation. No assurance can be given that these estimates are, or that the forecasts and projections will prove to be, accurate. These estimates, forecasts and projections are based on data (including third-party data), significant assumptions, proprietary methodologies and the experience and judgment of JBREC. No assurance can be given regarding the accuracy or appropriateness of the assumptions and judgments made, or the methodologies used, by JBREC. The application of alternative assumptions, judgments or methodologies could result in materially less favorable estimates, forecasts and projections than those contained in this market study. Other real estate experts have different views regarding these forecasts and projections that may be more positive or negative, including in terms of the timing, magnitude and direction of future changes.

The forecasts and projections are forward-looking statements and involve risks and uncertainties that may cause actual results to be materially different from the projections. JBREC has made these forecasts and projections based on studying the historical and current performance of the residential housing market and applying JBREC’s qualitative knowledge about the residential housing market. The future is difficult to predict, particularly given that the economy and housing markets can be cyclical, subject to changing consumer and market psychology, and governmental policies related to mortgage regulations and interest rates. There will usually be differences between projected and actual outcomes, because events and circumstances frequently do not occur as expected, and the differences may be material. Accordingly, the forecasts and projections included in this market study might not occur or might occur to a different extent or at a different time. For the foregoing reasons, JBREC cannot provide any assurance that the estimates, forecasts and projections contained in this market study are accurate, actual outcomes may vary significantly from those contained or implied by the forecasts and projections, and you should not place undue reliance on these estimates, forecasts and projections.