AS FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON NOVEMBER 12, 2013

File No. 033-          

File No. 811-22911

 

 

 

U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549

 

 

FORM N-1A

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

   THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933    x
   POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO.    ¨

AND

REGISTRATION STATEMENT

UNDER

   THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940    x
   AMENDMENT NO.    ¨

 

 

REALITY SHARES ETF TRUST

(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)

 

 

402 West Broadway, Suite 2800

San Diego, CA 92101

(Address of Principal Executive Offices, Zip Code)

(619) 487-1445

(Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code)

Eric Ervin

c/o Reality Shares Advisors, LLC

402 West Broadway, Suite 2800

San Diego, CA 92101

(Name and Address of Agent for Service)

 

 

Copy to:

Richard F. Morris, Esquire

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP

101 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10178

 

 

Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: As soon as practicable after this Registration Statement becomes effective.

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933, or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 

 

 


SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

THE INFORMATION IN THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

Preliminary Prospectus Dated [Date], 2013

R EALITY S HARES ETF T RUST

P ROSPECTUS

[Date], 2013

REALITY SHARES ISOLATED U.S. DIVIDEND GROWTH INDEX ETF

 

  T ICKER S YMBOL    P RINCIPAL  U.S. L ISTING  E XCHANGE   
  [            ]    [            ]   

REALITY SHARES ISOLATED GLOBAL DIVIDEND GROWTH INDEX ETF

 

  T ICKER S YMBOL    P RINCIPAL  U.S. L ISTING  E XCHANGE   
  [            ]    NYSE A RCA , I NC .   

REALITY SHARES ISOLATED DIVIDEND GROWTH ETF

 

  T ICKER S YMBOL    P RINCIPAL  U.S. L ISTING  E XCHANGE   
  [            ]    NYSE A RCA , I NC .   

I NVESTMENT A DVISER :

R EALITY S HARES A DVISORS , LLC

The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the Commodity Futures Trading Commission have

not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy

of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.


About This Prospectus

This prospectus has been arranged into different sections so that you can easily review this important information. For detailed information about the Funds please see:

 

     Page

R EALITY S HARES I SOLATED U.S. D IVIDEND G ROWTH I NDEX ETF

  

I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE

   1

F UND F EES AND E XPENSES

   1

P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES

   2

P RINCIPAL R ISKS

   3

P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION

   5

I NVESTMENT A DVISER

   5

P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS

   5

R EALITY S HARES I SOLATED G LOBAL D IVIDEND G ROWTH I NDEX ETF

  

I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE

   6

F UND F EES AND E XPENSES

   6

P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES

   7

P RINCIPAL R ISKS

   8

P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION

   10

I NVESTMENT A DVISER

   10

P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS

   10

R EALITY S HARES I SOLATED D IVIDEND G ROWTH ETF

  

I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVE

   11

F UND F EES AND E XPENSES

   11

P RINCIPAL I NVESTMENT S TRATEGIES

   12

P RINCIPAL R ISKS

   13

P ERFORMANCE I NFORMATION

   15

I NVESTMENT A DVISER

   15

P ORTFOLIO M ANAGERS

   15

S UMMARY I NFORMATION ABOUT THE P URCHASE AND S ALE OF F UND S HARES AND T AXES

   15

M ORE I NFORMATION ABOUT THE F UNDS ’ I NVESTMENT O BJECTIVES , S TRATEGIES AND R ISKS

   16

I NFORMATION ABOUT P ORTFOLIO H OLDINGS

   19

I NVESTMENT A DVISER AND P ORTFOLIO M ANAGER

   19

P URCHASING AND S ELLING F UND S HARES

   20

F REQUENT P URCHASES AND R EDEMPTIONS OF F UND S HARES

   21

P RICING OF F UND S HARES

   21

D IVIDENDS AND D ISTRIBUTIONS

   22

T AXES

   22

P REMIUM /D ISCOUNT I NFORMATION

   24

I NVESTMENTS BY R EGISTERED I NVESTMENT C OMPANIES

   24

F INANCIAL H IGHLIGHTS

   24

H OW TO O BTAIN M ORE I NFORMATION ABOUT THE F UNDS

   Back Cover

 

i


REALITY SHARES ISOLATED U.S. DIVIDEND GROWTH INDEX ETF

Investment Objective

The investment objective of the Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF (the “Fund”) is to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Reality Shares Implied U.S. Dividend Growth Index (the “Index”).

Fund Fees and Expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. Most investors also will incur customary brokerage commissions when buying or selling shares of the Fund, which are not reflected in the table or the Example.

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fees

     XX   

Other Expenses 1

     0.00

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     XX   

 

1   Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses (including one year of capped expenses in each period) remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay when purchasing or selling shares of the Fund. If the commissions were included in the Example, your costs would be higher. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

1 Year    3 Years  

$ XX

   $  XX   

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.

 

1


Principal Investment Strategies

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), the Fund’s investment adviser, believes that a company’s earnings provide a more accurate measure of the company’s potential long-term value than the price of its stock. The Adviser’s research indicates that the level of dividends paid by companies has historically been highly correlated to the level of corporate earnings. The Adviser therefore believes that isolating the dividend from the stock price can provide positive long-term returns that are not directly correlated to broad equity market or fixed income returns. Unlike more traditional funds, the Fund seeks investment returns based on the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the securities of the large capitalization companies reflected in the Index, not the change of the stock price of such companies.

The Index reflects the level of “implied dividends” on a select group of large capitalization securities listed for trading in the U.S. The term “implied dividends” is sometimes used to refer to the level of dividends an issuer is expected to pay during a given time period. The price of options and other types of contracts for future delivery of equity securities reflects the level of estimated, or implied, dividends during the term of the option or contract.

The Index consists of any combination of long positions in U.S. large capitalization equity securities and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) designed to track the performance of U.S. large capitalization equity securities and long and short positions in options based on U.S. large capitalization equity securities and indexes comprised of U.S. large capitalization equity securities such as the S&P 500 Index and NASDAQ 100 Index. The combination of such investments is intended to isolate the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S. large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index while at the same time attempting to minimize the impact of changes in the trading price of such securities.

Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s total assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending, if any) will be invested in the component securities of the Index. To the extent the Fund’s Index concentrates (i.e., holds 25% or more of its total assets) in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries, the Fund will concentrate its investments to approximately the same extent as its Index.

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending, if any) in other types of derivative instruments. For example, the Fund may invest in a combination of long positions in dividend swaps and total return swaps in order to gain exposure to the dividends expected to be paid on U.S. large capitalization equity securities and short positions in futures contracts and forward contracts in order to minimize the impact to the Fund’s portfolio of price fluctuations associated with such securities. Because the price of the securities and instruments described above may go up or down as a result of interest rate fluctuations between the date the Fund enters into a transaction and the date the transaction is completed, the Fund may enter into interest rate swap or Eurodollar futures contract transactions. The use of interest rate swap or Eurodollar futures contract transactions is intended to minimize the impact of changing interest rates on the value of the Fund’s investments. The combination of these strategies is designed to provide the Fund with a net exposure to the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S. large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index.

The Fund’s transactions in put and call options, swaps, forwards and futures will be backed by investments in investment grade, short-term debt securities and money market instruments. The Fund may also invest in such securities and money market instruments for short-term investment or cash management purposes.

 

2


The Fund is considered to be “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and may invest a larger percentage of its assets in fewer issuers than a diversified fund.

The Index is sponsored by Reality Shares, Inc. (the “Index Provider”), which is the parent company and an affiliate of the Adviser. The Index Provider determines the composition of the Index and relative weightings of the Index constituents and publishes information regarding the market value of the Index.

Principal Risks

As with all exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), the value of your investment in the Fund can go up or down and you can lose money on your investment, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount of your investment, over short or long term periods. A Fund share is not a bank deposit and it is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The principal risk factors affecting your investments in the Fund are set forth below.

Derivatives Risk — The Fund may invest in derivatives contracts in order to obtain exposure to the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S. large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index and to manage exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Derivative contracts include options, swaps, forward contracts and futures contracts. Options, swaps, forward contracts and futures contracts are subject to a number of risks described herein, including market risk, leverage risk, correlation risk and liquidity risk. Market risk is described below. Leverage risk is the risk that leverage will amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s share price or cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations. The Fund’s use of leverage may result in a heightened risk of investment loss. Liquidity risk is the risk that certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price that the Fund would like. The Fund may have to lower the price, sell other securities instead or forego an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on Fund performance. Correlation risk is the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. The Fund’s use of forward contracts and swap agreements is also subject to credit risk and valuation risk. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer of a security or the counterparty to a contract will default or otherwise become unable to honor a financial obligation. Valuation risk is the risk that the derivative may be difficult to value and/or valued incorrectly. Each of these risks could cause the Fund to lose money and have a negative impact on the value of your investment.

Dividend Expectation Risk — The price that the Fund pays or receives when buying or selling a derivative instrument may be based, in part, on the expected future dividends to be paid by the issuers of the securities underlying the derivative instrument. If the dividends to be paid by the issuers of the securities underlying the derivative instrument are expected to increase, such derivative may become more expensive for the Fund to purchase, which, in turn, may negatively impact the performance of the Fund. If the dividends paid by the issuers of the securities underlying the derivative instrument are expected to decrease, the premiums that the Fund receives from its counterparties when selling a derivative instrument may decrease, which, in turn, may negatively impact the performance of the Fund.

Dividend Payout Risk — The level of dividends paid by issuers is not constant and will vary from year to year and quarter to quarter. Dividends may be lower than expected for a variety of reasons. Since the value of your investment in the Fund is based on the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S. large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Fund’s portfolio, decreases in the amount of dividends expected to be paid will adversely affect the value of the Fund and lower your investment return.

 

3


Dividend Strategy Risk – Unlike more traditional funds, the Fund does not seek investment returns based on increases in the secondary market trading price of its portfolio investments over short or long periods of time. Instead, the Fund seeks to produce investment returns based on the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the securities in its portfolio. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund is not intended to be correlated to the price returns of U.S. large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index. The value of Fund shares may go up or down independent of price movements in the U.S. large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index. As a result, you may lose money on your investment in the Fund even when the prices of U.S. large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index are rising.

Interest Rate Risk — The price that the Fund pays when purchasing or receives when selling futures contracts, forward contracts, options and combinations thereof may be based in part on expected future interest rates. If interest rates rise, or are expected to rise, such instruments may become more expensive for the Fund to purchase. This may negatively impact the performance of the Fund. If interest rates fall or are expected to fall, the contract price of a futures contract, forward contract or option held by the Fund may decrease, in which case the Fund would receive a lower price when selling such instruments. Under these circumstances, the performance of the Fund would be negatively impacted.

Investment Risk — As with all investments, an investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk. The value of investments, including an investment in the Fund, can go up or down. You could lose money, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount of your investment, over short or long periods of time.

Investments in ETFs Risk — The Fund may invest in other ETFs. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF holds. In addition, Fund shareholders bear both their proportionate share of expenses in the Fund and, indirectly, the expenses of the ETF.

Market Risk — Although the Fund’s investment strategy seeks to minimize the Fund’s exposure to price fluctuations and market risk, there can be no guarantees that these strategies will be successful. As a result, the Fund is subject to the market risk associated with its portfolio investments. Market risk is the risk that the market price of a security may move up and down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. Market risk may affect a single issuer, an industry, a sector or equity markets as a whole. As a result, the price of the Fund’s investments, and therefore the price of Fund shares, may fluctuate significantly. You could lose money on your investment over short or long periods of time.

Non-Diversification Risk — The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it may invest in the securities of relatively few issuers. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to a single adverse economic or political occurrence affecting one or more of these issuers and may experience increased volatility due to its investments in those securities.

Shares of the Fund May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV — As with all ETFs, Fund shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although market prices for Fund shares are expected to closely correspond to the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), there may be times when the market price of the shares is higher or lower than the NAV of such shares. This risk is heightened in times of market stress or volatility. Secondary market trading in ETF shares may be disrupted or halted because of market conditions or other reasons. In such instances, you may temporarily be unable to purchase or sell shares of the Fund and may not be able to exit your position during periods of market declines.

Tracking Error Risk — As with all index funds, the performance of the Fund may vary from the performance of its Index. This variation typically results from Fund expenses, imperfect correlation and

 

4


other differences between the Fund’s investments and the Index constituents, the timing of cash flows in and out of the Fund, and other factors. Further, unlike more traditional indexes, the Index is not designed to reflect the trading prices or total return of the securities of the large capitalization companies reflected in the Index. The Index is designed to isolate the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on securities of the large capitalization companies reflected in the Index. Because of this, it is not possible to reproduce the returns of the Index by simply buying and selling the securities of the large capitalization companies reflected in the Index. Since the Fund cannot directly purchase dividends paid on the securities of the large capitalization companies reflected in the Index, it is subject to the risk that the investment strategies it uses to isolate the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the securities of such companies may not be successful in fully replicating the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the securities of such companies. In such cases, the Fund’s performance could vary substantially from the performance of the Index.

Performance Information

The Fund is new and therefore has no performance history. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, a bar chart and table will be included that will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the variability of the Fund’s return based on net assets and comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment Adviser

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”).

Portfolio Managers

Eric Ervin, President and CEO of the Adviser, has managed the Fund since its inception.

For important information about the purchase and sale of Fund shares, taxes and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to “Summary Information about the Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares, Taxes and Financial Intermediary Compensation” on page XX of the prospectus.

 

5


REALITY SHARES ISOLATED GLOBAL DIVIDEND GROWTH INDEX ETF

Investment Objective

The investment objective of the Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF (the “Fund”) is to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Reality Shares Implied Global Dividend Growth Index (the “Index”).

Fund Fees and Expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. Most investors also will incur customary brokerage commissions when buying or selling shares of the Fund, which are not reflected in the table or the Example.

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fees

     XX   

Other Expenses 1

     0.00

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     XX   

 

1   Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses (including one year of capped expenses in each period) remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you may pay when purchasing or selling shares of the Fund. If the commissions were included in the Example, your costs would be higher. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

1 Year    3 Years  

$ XX

   $  XX   

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.

 

6


Principal Investment Strategies

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), the Fund’s investment adviser, believes that a company’s earnings provide a more accurate measure of the company’s potential long-term value than the price of its stock. The Adviser’s research indicates that the level of dividends paid by companies has historically been highly correlated to the level of corporate earnings. The Adviser therefore believes that isolating the dividend from the stock price can provide positive long-term returns that are not directly correlated to broad equity market or fixed income returns. Unlike more traditional funds, the Fund seeks investment returns based on the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the securities of the large capitalization companies reflected in the Index, not the change of the stock price of such companies.

The Index reflects the level of “implied dividends” on a select group of large capitalization securities listed for trading in the U.S., Europe and Japan. The term “implied dividends” is sometimes used to refer to the level of dividends an issuer is expected to pay during a given time period. The price of options and other types of contracts for future delivery of equity securities reflects the level of estimated, or implied, dividends during the term of the option or contract.

The Index consists of any combination of long positions in U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) designed to track the performance of U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities and long and short positions in options based on U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities and indexes comprised of U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities such as the S&P 500 Index, Euro Stoxx 50 Index and Nikkei 225 Index. The combination of such investments is intended to isolate the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index while at the same time attempting to minimize the impact of changes in the trading price of such securities.

Under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the Fund’s total assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending, if any) will be invested in the component securities of the Index. To the extent the Fund’s Index concentrates (i.e., holds 25% or more of its total assets) in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries, the Fund will concentrate its investments to approximately the same extent as its Index.

The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending, if any) in other types of derivative instruments. For example, the Fund may invest in a combination of long positions in dividend swaps and total return swaps in order to gain exposure to the dividends expected to be paid on U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities and short positions in futures contracts and forward contracts in order to minimize the impact to the Fund’s portfolio of price fluctuations associated with such securities. Because the price of the securities and instruments described above may go up or down as a result of interest rate fluctuations between the date the Fund enters into a transaction and the date the transaction is completed, the Fund may enter into interest rate swap or Eurodollar futures contract transactions. The use of interest rate swap or Eurodollar futures contract transactions is intended to minimize the impact of changing interest rates on the value of the Fund’s investments. The combination of these strategies is designed to provide the Fund with a net exposure to the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index.

The Fund’s transactions in put and call options, swaps, forwards and futures will be backed by investments in investment grade, short-term debt securities and money market instruments. The Fund may also invest in such securities and money market instruments for short-term investment or cash management purposes.

 

7


The Fund is considered to be “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and may invest a larger percentage of its assets in fewer issuers than a diversified fund.

The Index is sponsored by Reality Shares, Inc. (the “Index Provider”), which is the parent company and an affiliate of the Adviser. The Index Provider determines the composition of the Index and relative weightings of the Index constituents and publishes information regarding the market value of the Index.

Principal Risks

As with all exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), the value of your investment in the Fund can go up or down and you can lose money on your investment, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount of your investment, over short or long term periods. A Fund share is not a bank deposit and it is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The principal risk factors affecting your investments in the Fund are set forth below.

Derivatives Risk — The Fund may invest in derivatives contracts in order to obtain exposure to the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index and to manage exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Derivative contracts include options, swaps, forward contracts and futures contracts. Options, swaps, forward contracts and futures contracts are subject to a number of risks described herein, including market risk, leverage risk, correlation risk and liquidity risk. Market risk is described below. Leverage risk is the risk that leverage will amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s share price or cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations. The Fund’s use of leverage may result in a heightened risk of investment loss. Liquidity risk is the risk that certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price that the Fund would like. The Fund may have to lower the price, sell other securities instead or forego an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on Fund performance. Correlation risk is the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. The Fund’s use of forward contracts and swap agreements is also subject to credit risk and valuation risk. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer of a security or the counterparty to a contract will default or otherwise become unable to honor a financial obligation. Valuation risk is the risk that the derivative may be difficult to value and/or valued incorrectly. Each of these risks could cause the Fund to lose money and have a negative impact on the value of your investment.

Dividend Expectation Risk — The price that the Fund pays or receives when buying or selling a derivative instrument may be based, in part, on the expected future dividends to be paid by the issuers of the securities underlying the derivative instrument. If the dividends to be paid by the issuers of the securities underlying the derivative instrument are expected to increase, such derivative may become more expensive for the Fund to purchase, which, in turn, may negatively impact the performance of the Fund. If the dividends paid by the issuers of the securities underlying the derivative instrument are expected to decrease, the premiums that the Fund receives from its counterparties when selling a derivative instrument may decrease, which, in turn, may negatively impact the performance of the Fund.

Dividend Payout Risk — The level of dividends paid by issuers is not constant and will vary from year to year and quarter to quarter. Dividends may be lower than expected for a variety of reasons. Since the value of your investment in the Fund is based on the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Fund’s portfolio, decreases in the amount of dividends expected to be paid will adversely affect the value of the Fund and lower your investment return.

Dividend Strategy Risk — Unlike more traditional funds, the Fund does not seek investment returns based on increases in the secondary market trading price of its portfolio investments over short or long periods of time. Instead, the Fund seeks to produce investment returns based on the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the securities in its portfolio. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund is not intended to be correlated to the price returns of U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index. The value of Fund shares may go up or down independent of price movements in the U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index. As a result, you may lose money on your investment in the Fund even when the prices of U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Index are rising.

Foreign Securities Risk — Non-U.S. securities may be subject to additional risks due to, among other things, political, social and economic developments abroad, currency movements and different legal, regulatory and tax environments. Such risks may negatively impact the ability or willingness of non-U.S. companies to issue dividends, which, in turn, may adversely affect the value of the Fund and lower your investment return. Further, such risks may cause the prices of securities issued by non-U.S. companies to decrease to a greater degree than the prices of securities of U.S. companies. If the Fund is unsuccessful in minimizing its exposure to price fluctuations of the foreign securities in which it invests, the price of the Fund’s investments, and therefore the price of Fund shares, could decrease, and you could lose money.

 

8


Interest Rate Risk — The price that the Fund pays when purchasing or receives when selling futures contracts, forward contracts, options and combinations thereof may be based in part on expected future interest rates. If interest rates rise, or are expected to rise, such instruments may become more expensive for the Fund to purchase. This may negatively impact the performance of the Fund. If interest rates fall or are expected to fall, the contract price of a futures contract, forward contract or option held by the Fund may decrease, in which case the Fund would receive a lower price when selling such instruments. Under these circumstances, the performance of the Fund would be negatively impacted.

Investment Risk — As with all investments, an investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk. The value of investments, including an investment in the Fund, can go up or down. You could lose money, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount of your investment, over short or long periods of time.

Investments in ETFs Risk — The Fund may invest in other ETFs. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF holds. In addition, Fund shareholders bear both their proportionate share of expenses in the Fund and, indirectly, the expenses of the ETF.

Investments in Europe Risk The Fund’s investments in Europe are subject to the political, social or economic disruptions that occur in Europe, even if such disruptions occur in European countries in which the Fund is not invested. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about rising government debt levels of certain European countries, each of which may require external assistance to meet its obligations and run the risk of default on its debt, possible bail-out by the rest of the European Union (“EU”) or debt restructuring. Assistance given to an EU member state may be dependent on a country’s implementation of reforms in order to curb the risk of default on its debt, and a failure to implement these reforms or increase revenues could result in a deep economic downturn. These events may adversely affect the economic and market environment in Europe, which in turn may adversely affect the price or liquidity of securities issued by European issuers and therefore may adversely affect the Fund and its investments in such securities.

Investment in Japan Risk — The Japanese economy may be subject to considerable degrees of economic, political and social instability, which could have a negative impact on Japanese securities. In addition, Japan is subject to the risk of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons and tsunamis.

Market Risk — Although the Fund’s investment strategy seeks to minimize the Fund’s exposure to price fluctuations and market risk, there can be no guarantees that these strategies will be successful. As a result, the Fund is subject to the market risk associated with its portfolio investments. Market risk is the risk that the market price of a security may move up and down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. Market risk may affect a single issuer, an industry, a sector or equity markets as a whole. As a result, the price of the Fund’s investments, and therefore the price of Fund shares, may fluctuate significantly. You could lose money on your investment over short or long periods of time.

Non-Diversification Risk — The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it may invest in the securities of relatively few issuers. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to a single adverse economic or political occurrence affecting one or more of these issuers and may experience increased volatility due to its investments in those securities.

Shares of the Fund May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV — As with all ETFs, Fund shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although market prices for Fund shares are expected to closely correspond to the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), there may be times when the market price of the shares is higher or lower than the NAV of such shares. This risk is heightened in times of market stress or volatility. Secondary market trading in ETF shares may be disrupted or halted because of market conditions or other reasons. In such instances, you may temporarily be unable to purchase or sell shares of the Fund and may not be able to exit your position during periods of market declines.

 

9


Tracking Error Risk — As with all index funds, the performance of the Fund may vary from the performance of its Index. This variation typically results from Fund expenses, imperfect correlation and other differences between the Fund’s investments and the Index constituents, the timing of cash flows in and out of the Fund, and other factors. Further, unlike more traditional indexes, the Index is not designed to reflect the trading prices or total return of the securities of the large capitalization companies reflected in the Index. The Index is designed to isolate the value of the dividends expected to be paid on securities of the large capitalization companies reflected in the Index. Because of this, it is not possible to reproduce the returns of the Index by simply buying and selling the securities of the large capitalization companies reflected in the Index. Since the Fund cannot directly purchase dividends paid on the securities of the large capitalization companies reflected in the Index, it is subject to the risk that the investment strategies it uses to isolate the value of dividends expected to be paid on the securities of such companies may not be successful in fully replicating the level of dividends expected to be paid on the securities of such companies. In such cases, the Fund’s performance could vary substantially from the performance of the Index.

Performance Information

The Fund is new and therefore has no performance history. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, a bar chart and table will be included that will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the variability of the Fund’s return based on net assets and comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment Adviser

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”).

Portfolio Managers

Eric Ervin, President and CEO of the Adviser, has managed the Fund since its inception.

For important information about the purchase and sale of Fund shares, taxes and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to “Summary Information about the Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares, Taxes and Financial Intermediary Compensation” on page XX of the prospectus.

 

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REALITY SHARES ISOLATED DIVIDEND GROWTH ETF

Investment Objective

The Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF seeks to produce long term capital appreciation by attempting to isolate the growth of the level of dividends paid by a portfolio of large capitalization companies listed for trading in the U.S., Europe and Japan.

Fund Fees and Expenses

This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund. Most investors also will incur customary brokerage commissions when buying or selling shares of the Fund, which are not reflected in the table or the Example.

Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that you pay each year as a percentage of the value of your investment)

 

Management Fees

     XX   

Other Expenses 1

     0.00

Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses

     XX   

 

1   Other Expenses are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.

Example

This Example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other funds.

The Example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Fund for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The Example also assumes that your investment has a 5% return each year and that the Fund’s operating expenses (including one year of capped expenses in each period) remain the same. The Example does not take into account brokerage commissions that you pay when purchasing or selling shares of the Fund. If the commissions were included in the Example, your costs would be higher. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:

 

1 Year    3 Years  

$ XX

   $  XX   

Portfolio Turnover

The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in total annual fund operating expenses or in the Example, affect the Fund’s performance. Because the Fund is newly organized, portfolio turnover information is not yet available.

 

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Principal Investment Strategies

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), the Fund’s investment adviser, believes that a company’s earnings provide a more accurate measure of the company’s potential long-term value than the price of its stock. The Adviser’s research indicates that the level of dividends paid by companies has historically been highly correlated to the level of corporate earnings. The Adviser therefore believes that isolating the dividend from the stock price can provide positive long-term returns that are not directly correlated to broad equity market or fixed income returns. Unlike more traditional funds, the Fund seeks investment returns based on the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid by large-capitalization companies, not the change in the stock price of such companies.

The Fund is actively managed by the Adviser using proprietary trading strategies designed to isolate and capture the growth of the level of dividends expected to be paid on a portfolio of large-capitalization equity securities while attempting to minimize the Fund’s exposure to the price fluctuations associated with such securities. These strategies typically require the Fund to enter into investment transactions prior to the dates on which the level of dividends to be paid on such securities is announced and, therefore, are typically based on expectations as to the level of future dividends to be paid by an issuer. As a result, there can be no guarantees that the Adviser’s strategies will fully capture the level of dividends actually paid or otherwise be fully successful.

Under normal circumstances, the Fund generally invests in any combination of large capitalization equity securities, exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) designed to track the performance of large capitalization equity securities, dividend swaps, total return swaps, put and call options, futures contracts and forward contracts designed to capture the growth of the level of dividends expected to be paid on large capitalization equity securities listed for trading in the U.S., Europe and Japan. However, depending on the security or instrument used, this approach could cause the Fund to be exposed to changes to the price of such security or instrument. Since the Fund seeks to isolate its exposure to dividends while attempting to minimize its exposure the trading price of its portfolio investments, the Fund typically utilizes put and call options, futures contracts, forward contracts and swaps in order to minimize its exposure to price fluctuations. This is sometimes referred to as “hedging.” Because the price of the securities and instruments described above may go up or down as a result of changes in interest rates between the date the Fund enters into a transaction and the date the transaction is completed, the Fund may enter into interest rate swap and Eurodollar futures contract transactions. The use of interest rate swap and Eurodollar futures contract transactions is intended to minimize the impact of changing interest rates on the value of the Fund’s investments. The combination of these strategies is designed to provide the Fund with a net exposure to the growth of the level of dividends expected to be paid on a portfolio of U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities.

The Fund’s transactions in put and call options, swaps, forwards and futures will be backed by investments in investment grade, short-term debt securities and money market instruments. The Fund may also invest in such securities and money market instruments for short-term investment or cash management purposes.

The Fund is considered to be “non-diversified” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and may invest a larger percentage of its assets in fewer issuers than a diversified fund.

 

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The Adviser considers U.S. large capitalization companies to be those with market capitalizations within the range of market capitalizations of the companies included in the S&P 500 Index. As of [              ], 2013, the market capitalizations of companies included in the S&P 500 Index ranged from approximately $[              ] billion to $[              ] billion. The Adviser considers European large capitalization companies to be those with market capitalizations within the range of market capitalizations of the companies included in the Euro Stoxx 50 Index. As of [              ], 2013, the market capitalizations of companies included in the Euro Stoxx 50 ranged from approximately $[              ] billion to $[              ] billion. The Adviser considers Japanese large capitalization companies to be those with market capitalizations within the range of market capitalizations of the companies included in the Nikkei 225 Index. As of [              ], 2013, the market capitalizations of companies included in the Nikkei 225 ranged from approximately $[              ] billion to $[              ] billion.

Principal Risks

As with all exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”), the value of your investment in the Fund can go up or down and you can lose money on your investment, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount of your investment, over short or long term periods. A Fund share is not a bank deposit and it is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any government agency. The principal risk factors affecting your investments in the Fund are set forth below.

Active Management Risk — The Fund is actively managed using proprietary investment strategies. As with all actively managed funds, there can be no guarantee these strategies will be successful. As a result, you may lose money on your investment, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount of your investment.

Derivatives Risk — The Fund may invest in derivatives contracts in order to obtain exposure to the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on a portfolio of U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities and to manage exposure to interest rate fluctuations. Derivative contracts include options, swaps, forward contracts and futures contracts. Options, swaps, forward contracts and futures contracts are subject to a number of risks described herein, including market risk, leverage risk, correlation risk and liquidity risk. Market risk is described below. Leverage risk is the risk that leverage will amplify the effects of market volatility on the Fund’s share price or cause the Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its obligations. The Fund’s use of leverage may result in a heightened risk of investment loss. Liquidity risk is the risk that certain securities may be difficult or impossible to sell at the time and the price that the Fund would like. The Fund may have to lower the price, sell other securities instead or forego an investment opportunity, any of which could have a negative effect on Fund performance. Correlation risk is the risk that changes in the value of the derivative may not correlate perfectly with the underlying asset, rate or index. The Fund’s use of forward contracts and swap agreements is also subject to credit risk and valuation risk. Credit risk is the risk that the issuer of a security or the counterparty to a contract will default or otherwise become unable to honor a financial obligation. Valuation risk is the risk that the derivative may be difficult to value and/or valued incorrectly. Each of these risks could cause the Fund to lose money and have a negative impact on the value of your investment.

Dividend Expectation Risk — The price that the Fund pays or receives when buying or selling a derivative instrument may be based, in part, on the expected future dividends to be paid by the issuers of the securities underlying the derivative instrument. If the dividends to be paid by the issuers of the securities underlying the derivative instrument are expected to increase, such derivative may become more expensive for the Fund to purchase, which, in turn, may negatively impact the performance of the Fund. If the dividends paid by the issuers of the securities underlying the derivative instrument are expected to decrease, the premiums that the Fund receives from its counterparties when selling a derivative instrument may decrease, which, in turn, may negatively impact the performance of the Fund.

Dividend Payout Risk — The level of dividends paid by issuers is not constant and will vary from year to year and quarter to quarter. Dividends may be lower than expected for a variety of reasons. Since the value of your investment in the Fund is based on the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Fund’s portfolio, decreases in the amount of dividends expected to be paid will adversely affect the value of the Fund and lower your investment return.

 

13


Dividend Strategy Risk — Unlike more traditional funds, the Fund does not seek investment returns based on increases in the secondary market trading price of its portfolio investments over short or long periods of time. Instead, the Fund seeks to produce investment returns based on the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the securities in its portfolio. As a result, the value of an investment in the Fund is not intended to be correlated to the price returns of the securities in which it invests. The value of Fund shares may go up or down independent of price movements in such securities. As a result, you may lose money on your investment in the Fund even when the prices of the Fund’s portfolio securities are rising.

Foreign Securities Risk — Non-U.S. securities may be subject to additional risks due to, among other things, political, social and economic developments abroad, currency movements and different legal, regulatory and tax environments. Such risks may negatively impact the ability or willingness of non-U.S. companies to issue dividends, which, in turn, may adversely affect the value of the Fund and lower your investment return. Further, such risks may cause the prices of securities issued by non-U.S. companies to decrease to a greater degree than the prices of securities of U.S. companies. If the Fund is unsuccessful in minimizing its exposure to price fluctuations of the foreign securities in which it invests, the price of the Fund’s investments, and therefore the price of Fund shares, could decrease, and you could lose money.

Interest Rate Risk — The price that the Fund pays when purchasing or receives when selling futures contracts, forward contracts, options and combinations thereof may be based in part on expected future interest rates. If interest rates rise, or are expected to rise, such instruments may become more expensive for the Fund to purchase. This may negatively impact the performance of the Fund. If interest rates fall or are expected to fall, the contract price of a futures contract, forward contract or option held by the Fund may decrease, in which case the Fund would receive a lower price when selling such instruments. Under these circumstances, the performance of the Fund would be negatively impacted.

Investment Risk — As with all investments, an investment in the Fund is subject to investment risk. The value of investments, including an investment in the Fund, can go up or down. You could lose money, including the possible loss of the entire principal amount of your investment, over short or long periods of time.

Investments in ETFs Risk — The Fund may invest in other ETFs. The risks of owning shares of an ETF generally reflect the risks of owning the underlying securities the ETF holds. In addition, Fund shareholders bear both their proportionate share of expenses in the Fund and, indirectly, the expenses of the ETF.

Investments in Europe Risk — The Fund’s investments in Europe are subject to the political, social or economic disruptions that occur in Europe, even if such disruptions occur in European countries in which the Fund is not invested. The European financial markets have recently experienced volatility and adverse trends due to concerns about rising government debt levels of certain European countries, each of which may require external assistance to meet its obligations and run the risk of default on its debt, possible bail-out by the rest of the European Union (“EU”) or debt restructuring. Assistance given to an EU member state may be dependent on a country’s implementation of reforms in order to curb the risk of default on its debt, and a failure to implement these reforms or increase revenues could result in a deep economic downturn. These events may adversely affect the economic and market environment in Europe, which in turn may adversely affect the price or liquidity of securities issued by European issuers and therefore may adversely affect the Fund and its investments in such securities.

Investment in Japan Risk — The Japanese economy may be subject to considerable degrees of economic, political and social instability, which could have a negative impact on Japanese securities. In addition, Japan is subject to the risk of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, volcanoes, typhoons and tsunamis.

 

14


Market Risk — Although the Fund’s investment strategy seeks to minimize the Fund’s exposure to price fluctuations and market risk, there can be no guarantees that these strategies will be successful. As a result, the Fund is subject to the market risk associated with its portfolio investments. Market risk is the risk that the market price of a security may move up and down, sometimes rapidly and unpredictably. Market risk may affect a single issuer, an industry, a sector or equity markets as a whole. As a result, the price of the Fund’s investments, and therefore the price of Fund shares, may fluctuate significantly. You could lose money on your investment over short or long periods of time.

Non-Diversification Risk — The Fund is non-diversified, which means that it may invest in the securities of relatively few issuers. As a result, the Fund may be more susceptible to a single adverse economic or political occurrence affecting one or more of these issuers and may experience increased volatility due to its investments in those securities.

Shares of the Fund May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV — As with all ETFs, Fund shares may be bought and sold in the secondary market at market prices. Although market prices for Fund shares are expected to closely correspond to the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”), there may be times when the market price of the shares is higher or lower than the NAV of such shares. This risk is heightened in times of market stress or volatility. Secondary market trading in ETF shares may be disrupted or halted because of market conditions or other reasons. In such instances, you may temporarily be unable to purchase or sell shares of the Fund and may not be able to exit your position during periods of market declines.

Performance Information

The Fund is new and therefore has no performance history. Once the Fund has completed a full calendar year of operations, a bar chart and table will be included that will provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by showing the variability of the Fund’s return based on net assets and comparing the Fund’s performance to a broad measure of market performance.

Investment Adviser

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC

Portfolio Managers

Eric Ervin, President and CEO of the Adviser, has managed the Fund since its inception.

For important information about the purchase and sale of Fund shares, taxes and financial intermediary compensation, please turn to “Summary Information about the Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares, Taxes and Financial Intermediary Compensation” on page XX of the prospectus.

Summary Information about the Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares, Taxes

Purchase and Sale of Fund Shares

As with all ETFs, individual Fund shares are listed on national securities exchanges, are bought and sold through broker-dealers and may not be purchased or redeemed directly with the Funds. Fund shares trade in the secondary market at market prices, which may be different from the Fund’s per share net asset value (“NAV”). As a result, the Fund’s shares may trade at a price greater than the NAV (at a premium) or less than the NAV (at a discount). Most investors will incur customary brokerage commissions or other charges when buying or selling shares of the Fund through a broker-dealer.

 

15


The Funds issue and redeem shares at NAV only in large blocks of 25,000 shares or more (“Creation Units”) and only with large institutional investors that have entered into an agreement with the Funds’ distributor in exchange for the deposit or delivery of a basket of securities and/or cash. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, shares of the Funds are not redeemable securities.

Tax Information

The Funds’ distributions are taxable and will generally be taxed as ordinary income or capital gains.

More Information About the Funds’ Investment Objectives, Strategies and Risks

The Funds’ Investment Objectives

The investment objective of the Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF is to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Reality Shares Implied U.S. Dividend Growth Index. The investment objective of the Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF is to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Reality Shares Implied Global Dividend Growth Index. The investment objective of the Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF (together with the Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF and the Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF, the “Funds” and each, a “Fund”) is to seek to produce long term capital appreciation by attempting to isolate the growth of the level of dividends paid by a portfolio of large capitalization companies listed for trading in the U.S., Europe and Japan. Each Fund’s investment objective may be changed by the Fund’s board of trustees (the “Board”) without shareholder approval.

The Funds’ Principal Investment Strategies

The principal investment strategies of each Fund are described in the “Principal Investment Strategies” section for each Fund earlier in this prospectus. Below is additional information about the principal investment strategies of each Fund and the securities and other instruments that a Fund may purchase in connection with its principal investment strategies.

Each Fund may buy and sell equity securities or exchange traded funds (“ETFs”).

Each Fund also intends to enter into derivative transactions. A derivative is an instrument that derives its value from an underlying reference asset, such as an index or rate. In a typical swap transaction, the parties agree to make future payments to each other based on the change in value a specified rate, index, or asset. Swap transactions are usually done on a net basis, the Fund receiving or paying only the net amount of the two payments. In a typical dividend swap transaction, a Fund would pay the swap counterparty a premium and would be entitled to receive the value of the actual dividends paid on the subject index during the term of the swap contract. In a typical total return swap, a Fund might exchange long or short exposures to the return of the securities in the subject index to isolate the value of the dividends paid on the securities in the subject index. A Fund also may engage in interest rate swap transactions. In a typical interest rate swap transaction one stream of future interest payments is exchanged for another. Such transactions often take the form of an exchange of a fixed payment for a variable payment based on a future interest rate.

A Fund may buy ( i.e. , hold a “long” position in) and sell ( i.e. , hold a “short” position in) put and call options. A put option gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the issuer of the option the obligation to buy, the underlying security or index during the option period. A call option gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the seller of the option the obligation to sell, the underlying security or index during the option period.

 

16


A Fund also may invest in exchange-listed futures contracts and forward contracts. A listed futures contract is a standardized contract traded on a recognized exchange in which two parties agree to exchange either a specified financial asset or the cash equivalent of said asset at a specified future date and price. A forward contract involves the obligation to purchase or sell a either a specified financial asset or the cash equivalent of said asset at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract.

During unusual economic or market conditions, or for temporary defensive or liquidity purposes, the Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF may invest up to 100% of its assets in cash or money market instruments that would not ordinarily be consistent with its investment objective. If the Fund invests in this manner, it may not achieve its investment objective. The Fund will do so only if the Adviser believes that the risk of loss outweighs the opportunity to pursue its investment objective.

This prospectus describes the Funds’ principal investment strategies and risks, and the Funds will normally invest in the types of securities described in this prospectus. In addition to the securities and other investments and strategies described in this prospectus, each Fund may invest in other securities, or use other investment strategies to a lesser extent. These investments and strategies are described in detail in the Funds’ Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) (for information on how to obtain a copy of the SAI see the back cover of this prospectus). Of course, as with all investments, there is no guarantee that a Fund will achieve its investment goal.

The Funds’ Principal Risks

Investing in each Fund involves risk and there is no guarantee that a Fund will achieve its goals. In fact, no matter how good a job the Fund’s investment manager does, you could lose money on your investment in a Fund, just as you could with other investments.

Although a Fund’s strategy is designed to focus on dividends and minimize the impact of price fluctuations (up or down) on the value of the Fund’s portfolio, there is no guarantee this strategy will be successful. The value of your investment in a Fund is based on the value of the securities and other instruments the Fund holds. These prices change daily due to economic and other events that affect particular companies and the market as a whole. These price movements, sometimes called volatility, may be greater or lesser depending on the types of securities and other instruments a Fund owns and the markets in which it trades. The impact on a Fund of a change in the value of a single security or other instrument will depend in part on how widely the Fund diversifies its holdings.

The following descriptions provide additional information about some of the risks of investing in the Funds:

Derivatives Risk — The Funds may invest in derivatives. Derivatives are instruments that derive their value from an underlying security, financial asset or an index. Examples of derivative instruments include options, swaps, futures contracts and forward contracts. The primary risk of derivative instruments is that changes in the market value of securities held by the Funds, and of the derivative instruments relating to those securities, may not be proportionate. There may not be a liquid market for the Funds to sell a derivative instrument, which could result in difficulty in closing the position. Moreover, certain derivative instruments can magnify the extent of losses incurred due to changes in the market value of the securities to which they relate. Some derivative instruments are subject to counterparty risk. A default by the counterparty on its payments to the Funds will cause the value of your investment in the Funds to decrease. Forward Contracts Risk, Futures Contracts Risk, Options Risk, and Swap Agreements Risk are each discussed below in further detail.

 

17


ETF Shares Trading Risk — Shares of the Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF may trade on the [U.S. Index Fund Exchange] and shares of the Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF and Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF may trade on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (together with the [U.S. Index Fund Exchange], the “Exchanges” and each, an “Exchange”) at prices that differ from (and can be below) their net asset values (“NAV”). The NAV of Fund shares will fluctuate with changes in the market value of the Fund’s holdings, and the exchange-traded prices of Fund shares may not fully reflect these market values. There can be no assurance that an active trading market for Fund shares will develop or be maintained. An unanticipated early closing of an Exchange may result in your inability to buy or sell shares of the Fund on that day. An Exchange may halt trading in Fund shares because of market conditions or other reasons. You may temporarily be unable to purchase or sell shares of the Fund if a trading halt occurs.

Forward Contracts Risk — Each Fund may invest in forward contracts. A forward contract involves a negotiated obligation to purchase or sell a specific security or currency at a future date (with or without delivery required) at a price set at the time of the contract. This date may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties. Forward contracts are not traded on exchanges. Instead, a bank or dealer will act as agent or as principal in order to make or take future delivery of a specified lot of a particular security for the Fund’s account. Risks associated with forwards may include: (i) imperfect correlation between the movement in the prices of forward contracts and the securities or currencies underlying them; (ii) liquidity risk; (iii) difficulty in obtaining an accurate value for the forwards; and (iv) the risk that the counterparty to the forward contract will default or otherwise fail to honor its obligation. Because forwards require only a small initial investment in the form of a deposit or margin, they may involve a high degree of leverage.

Futures Contracts Risk — Each Fund may invest in futures contracts. Futures contracts provide for the sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific security or asset at a specified future time and at a specified price set at the time of contract (with or without delivery required). The use of futures contracts is subject to a number of risks, including: (i) leverage risk; (ii) correlation or tracking risk and (iii) liquidity risk. Because futures require only a small initial investment in the form of a deposit or margin, they may involve a high degree of leverage. Accordingly, the fluctuation of the value of futures in relation to the underlying assets upon which they are based is magnified. Thus, the Funds may experience losses that exceed losses experienced by funds that do not use futures contracts. There may be imperfect correlation, or even no correlation, between price movements of a futures contract and price movements of investments for which futures are used as a substitute, or which futures are intended to hedge.

Investments in ETFs Risk — Each Fund may purchase shares of or interests in other ETFs. The risks of owning interests of an ETF generally reflect the same risks as owning the underlying securities or other instruments held by the ETF. ETF shares typically trade at a premium or discount to their intrinsic value (i.e., the market value may differ from the net asset value of an ETF’s shares). These differences may be more pronounced for newer or smaller ETFs, for ETFs that own less liquid securities or in certain market conditions. For example, supply and demand for shares of an ETF or market disruptions may cause the market price of the ETF to deviate from the value of the ETF’s investments, which may be emphasized in less liquid or volatile markets. By investing in an ETF, the Fund indirectly bears the proportionate share of any fees and expenses of the ETF in addition to the fees and expenses that the Fund and its shareholders directly bear in connection with the Fund’s operations. Such ETF expenses may make owning shares of the ETF more costly than owning the underlying securities directly.

Options Risk — Each Fund utilizes various options strategies, and, therefore, each Fund is subject to options risk. An option is a contract between two parties for the purchase and sale of a financial instrument for a specified price at any time during the option period. Unlike a futures contract, an option

 

18


grants a right (not an obligation) to buy or sell a financial instrument. For example, an option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. The seller of an uncovered call option assumes the risk of a theoretically unlimited increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. The securities necessary to satisfy the exercise of the call option may be unavailable for purchase except at much higher prices. Purchasing securities to satisfy the exercise of the call option can itself cause the price of the securities to rise further, sometimes by a significant amount, thereby exacerbating the loss. The buyer of a call option assumes the risk of losing its entire premium invested in the call option. The seller (writer) of a put option that is covered (e.g., the writer has a short position in the underlying security) assumes the risk of an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the sales price (in establishing the short position) of the underlying security plus the premium received and gives up the opportunity for gain on the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The seller of an uncovered put option assumes the risk of a decline in the market price of the underlying security below the exercise price of the option. The buyer of a put option assumes the risk of losing his entire premium invested in the put option.

Swap Agreements Risk — Each Fund engages in swap transactions and is therefore subject to swap agreements risk. Swaps are agreements in which two parties agree to exchange future payments based on a rate, index, instrument or other asset at a predetermined amount. The risks of swaps include: (i) an imperfect correlation between the movement in prices of the dividend swap and the dividends paid by stocks underlying them; (ii) lack of liquidity; (iii) difficulty in obtaining an accurate value for the swaps; and (iv) the risk that the counterparty to the swap will default or otherwise fail to honor its obligation. Dividend swaps are also subject to Dividend Payout Risk, which is described in the “Principal Risks” section of this Prospectus for each Fund. For example, issuers of the stocks underlying the dividend swap could choose to return capital to their shareholders through means other than dividends, such as return of capital or share buybacks. Further, an issuer of a stock underlying the dividend swap could purchase or be purchased by another company, which could affect their decisions on whether to issue dividends to shareholders.

Information about Portfolio Holdings

A description of the Funds’ policy and procedures with respect to the circumstances under which the Funds disclose their portfolio holdings is available in the SAI. [Website information to be inserted.]

Investment Adviser and Portfolio Manager

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser to the Funds. The Adviser’s principal place of business is located at 402 West Broadway, Suite 2800, San Diego, California 92101. The Adviser has served as the investment adviser of each Fund since its inception.

Subject to the supervision of the Board, the Adviser is responsible for managing the investment activities of the Funds and the Funds’ business affairs and other administrative matters. For its services to each Fund, the Adviser is entitled to a fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly, at an annual rate of the average daily net assets of each Fund, as set forth below:

 

Fund

   Advisory Fee  

Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF

     [____ ]% 

Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth ETF

     [____ ]% 

Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF

     [____ ]% 

 

19


As part of its agreement with the Trust, the Adviser has contractually agreed to pay all operating expenses of the Funds, including the cost of index licensing fees, transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. The Adviser is not responsible for portfolio investment expenses, such as interest expenses, brokerage fees, commissions, other transaction expenses, securities lending fees, and margin costs, short dividend expenses, and also is not responsible for taxes, expenses of the Independent Trustees (including any Trustees’ counsel fees), and extraordinary expenses.

A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Funds’ investment advisory agreement will be available in the Funds’ initial annual report.

The portfolio manager currently responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s portfolio is Eric Ervin, President and CEO of the Adviser. Prior to founding the Adviser in 2013, he spent 14 years building the Ervin Miller Group wealth management franchise at Morgan Stanley Smith Barney. Mr. Ervin is a Certified Financial Planner™ practitioner, and a Chartered Financial Consultant™.

The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio managers’ compensation, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and his ownership, if any, of securities in the Funds.

Purchasing and Selling Fund Shares

Most investors will buy and sell shares in secondary market transactions through brokers and, therefore, must have a brokerage account to buy and sell shares. Shares can be bought or sold through your broker throughout the trading day like shares of any publicly traded security. When buying or selling shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and other charges. The price at which you buy or sell Fund shares (i.e., the market price) may be more or less than the NAV of the shares. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest in a Fund and no minimum number of shares you must buy. Shares of a Fund may be purchased or redeemed directly from the Fund only in Creation Units or multiples thereof, as discussed in the SAI.

Shares of the Funds are listed on the Exchanges under the following symbols:

 

Fund

   Exchange    Symbol  

Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF

   [____]      [____

Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF

   NYSE Arca, Inc.      [____

Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF

   NYSE Arca, Inc.      [____

The Exchanges are generally open Monday through Friday and is closed for weekends and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.

For information about buying and selling shares, please contact your broker or dealer.

Share Trading Prices. The trading prices of a Fund’s shares may differ from the Fund’s daily NAV and are expected to vary based on a number of factors. These factors include supply and demand for the Fund’s shares, level of dividends paid on the Fund’s portfolio securities, the prices of the Fund’s portfolio securities, economic conditions and other factors. The Exchanges or another market information provider will disseminate the approximate value of a Fund’s portfolio every fifteen seconds. This approximate value should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV of a Fund because the approximate value may not be calculated in the same manner, or at the same time, as the NAV, which is computed once a day. A Fund is not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the approximate values and makes no warranty as to the accuracy of these values.

 

20


Frequent Purchases and Redemptions of Fund Shares

The Board has determined not to adopt policies and procedures designed to prevent or monitor for frequent purchases and redemptions of the Funds’ shares. As ETFs, the Funds sell and redeem their shares at NAV only in Creation Units to authorized participants that have entered into an agreement with the Funds’ distributor (“Authorized Participants”). Purchases and redemptions of Creation Units by Authorized Participants are essential to keeping the market price of Fund shares at or close to their NAV. Frequent purchases and redemptions of Creation Units for cash may increase portfolio transaction costs and may lead to realization of capital gains. To minimize these consequences, the Funds impose a transaction fee on such Creation Unit transactions that is designed to offset the transfer and other transaction costs the Funds incur.

Pricing of Fund Shares

Each Fund will calculate its NAV by: (i) taking the current market value of its total assets; (ii) subtracting any liabilities; and (iii) dividing that amount by the total number of Shares outstanding. Each Fund will calculate NAV once each day the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is open as of the regularly scheduled close of trading on the NYSE (normally, 4:00 p.m., Eastern Time).

In calculating a Fund’s NAV per Share, a Fund’s investments will be valued in accordance with procedures approved by the Board of Trustees of Reality Shares ETF Trust (the “Trust”). These procedures, which may be changed by the Board from time to time, generally require investments to be valued using market valuations. A market valuation generally means a valuation (i) obtained from an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer), (ii) based on a price quotation or other equivalent indication of value supplied by an exchange, a pricing service, or a major market maker (or dealer) or (iii) based on amortized cost. The Trust may use various pricing services, or discontinue the use of any pricing service, as determined by the Board from time to time. Each Fund’s daily NAV can be found at www.[            ].com.

The Trust will generally value exchange listed securities and options on such securities at market closing prices. Market closing price is generally determined on the basis of last reported sales prices, or if no sales are reported, based on the last reported quotes. The Trust will generally value listed futures and options on futures at the settlement price determined by the applicable exchange. Non-exchange-traded derivatives, such as swap transactions, will normally be valued on the basis of quotations or equivalent indication of value supplied by a pricing service or major market makers or dealers. Fixed income securities generally are valued based on prices provided by independent pricing services, which may use valuation models or matrix pricing to determine current value. The Trust generally will use amortized cost to value fixed income or money market securities that have a remaining maturity of 60 days or less.

In the event that current market valuations are not readily available or the Trust or Adviser believes such valuations do not reflect current market value, the Trust’s procedures require that a security’s fair value be determined. In determining such value, the Trust or the Adviser may consider, among other things, (i) price comparisons among multiple sources, (ii) a review of corporate actions and news events, and (iii) a review of relevant financial indicators (e.g., movement in interest rates, market indices, and prices from the Fund’s index provider). In these cases, a Fund’s NAV may reflect certain portfolio securities’ fair values rather than their market prices. Fair value pricing involves subjective judgments and it is possible that the fair value determination for a security is materially different than the value that could be realized upon the sale of the security.

 

21


Dividends and Distributions

The Funds distribute their net investment income, if any, [quarterly], and make distributions of their net realized capital gains, if any, annually. Brokers may make available to their customers who are also Fund shareholders the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service. You should contact your broker to determine the availability and costs of this service. Brokers may require you to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income (which may include a return of capital) and net realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole shares of the distributing Fund purchased in the secondary market. Without this service, you would receive your distributions in cash.

Taxes

Please consult your tax advisor regarding your specific questions about federal, state and local income taxes. Below is a summary of some important tax issues that affect the Funds and their shareholders. This summary is based on current tax laws, which may change.

The Funds are treated as separate entities for federal tax purposes, and intend to qualify for the special tax treatment afforded to regulated investment companies. As long as the Funds qualify for treatment as a regulated investment companies, they pay no federal income tax on the earnings they timely distribute to shareholders.

Each Fund will distribute substantially all of its net investment income and net realized capital gains, if any. The dividends and distributions you receive may be subject to federal, state and local taxation, depending upon your tax situation. Distributions you receive from the Funds may be taxable whether or not you reinvest them. Dividend distributions, including distributions of short-term capital gains are generally taxable at ordinary income tax rates. Distributions of long-term capital gains and distributions of qualified dividend income are generally taxable at the rates applicable to long-term capital gains.

The Funds may receive dividend income from direct investments in the equity securities of issuers of certain indexes such as the S&P 500, Euro Stoxx 50, Nikkei 225, as well as from investments in other ETFs designed to track the performance of the securities comprising these indexes. A Fund may be eligible to distribute such dividend income as qualified dividend income when received by individual shareholders or eligible for the dividends-received deduction when received by corporate shareholders, subject to certain limitations. A Fund’s investments in derivative instruments, such as swaps tied to dividend returns, however, are unlikely to generate income eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income when received by individual shareholders or eligible for the dividends-received deduction when received by corporate shareholders.

The sale of each Fund share may be a taxable event. For tax purposes, an exchange of a Fund’s shares for shares of a different fund is the same as a sale. The gain or loss on the sale of Fund shares generally is required to be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss if you held the shares for 12 months or less or as long-term capital gain or loss if you held the shares for longer. Any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares held for six months or less will be treated as long-term, rather than short-term, to the extent of any long-term capital gain distributions received (or deemed received) by you with respect to the Fund shares. All or a portion of any loss realized upon a taxable disposition of Fund shares will be disallowed if you purchase other substantially identical shares within 30 days before or after the disposition. In such a case, the basis of the newly purchased shares will be adjusted to reflect the disallowed loss.

 

22


Distributions paid in January but declared by the Fund in October, November or December of the previous year may be taxable to you in the previous year.

Your broker will inform you of the amount of your ordinary income dividends, qualified dividend income, and capital gains distributions shortly after the close of each calendar year.

The Funds may invest in complex securities. These investments may be subject to numerous special and complex rules. These rules could affect whether gains and losses recognized by the Funds are treated as ordinary income or capital gain, accelerate the recognition of income to the Funds and/or defer the Funds’ ability to recognize losses. In turn, these rules may affect the amount, timing or character of distributions you receive from the Funds. In addition, there is uncertainty regarding characterization of such complex securities with respect to the income and asset diversification tests applicable to the Funds’ qualification as regulated investment companies. If the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) were to issue public guidance that results in an adverse determination relating to the treatment of the Funds’ investments in such complex securities, the Funds may likely need to significantly change their investment strategies, which could adversely affect the Funds. If the Funds fail to qualify as regulated investment companies, they would be subject to tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders, and their distributions would generally be taxable as dividends. Please see the SAI for a more detailed discussion, including the availability of relief for certain de minimis failures by the Funds to qualify as regulated investment companies.

Beginning January 1, 2013, U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to a new 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” including interest, dividends and capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares of the Funds). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

Unless you fall within certain exceptions, the custodian, broker or other administrative agent holding your shares in the Funds on your behalf must report to the IRS and furnish to you the cost basis information for shares of a Fund. In addition to reporting the gross proceeds from the sale of shares of a Fund, you will receive cost basis information for such shares, which will indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. For each sale of shares of a Fund, you are to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including the average basis method. In the absence of an election, the custodian, broker or other administrative agent holding your shares in the Fund will use a default cost basis method they have chosen, which should have been communicated to you. The cost basis method elected by you (or the cost basis method applied by default) for each sale of shares of a Fund may not be changed after the settlement date of each such sale. You should consult with your tax advisor to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for your tax situation and to obtain more information about how cost basis reporting applies to you.

A U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on dividends beginning after June 30, 2014 (and proceeds of sales in respect of Funds shares received by Funds shareholders beginning after December 31, 2016) for shareholders who own their shares through foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied.

If you hold your shares in a tax-qualified retirement account, you generally will not be subject to federal taxation on income and capital gains distribution from the Funds, until you begin receiving payments from your retirement account. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the tax rules that apply to your retirement account. Because each shareholder’s tax situation is different, you should consult your tax advisor about the tax implications of an investment in the Funds.

 

23


A person who purchases a Creation Unit by exchanging securities in-kind generally will recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the sum of the market value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and any net amount of cash received by the Authorized Participant in the exchange and (ii) the sum of the purchaser’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered and any net amount of cash paid for the Creation Units. A person who redeems Creation Units and receives securities in-kind from the Fund will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the redeemer’s basis in the Creation Units, and the aggregate market value of the securities received and any net cash received. The IRS, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an in-kind exchange of securities for Creation Units or an exchange of Creation Units for securities cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons effecting in-kind creations or redemptions should consult their own tax adviser with respect to these matters.

More information about taxes is in the SAI.

Premium/Discount Information

Information showing the number of days the end of day market price of each Fund’s Shares was greater than the Fund’s NAV ( i.e. , a “premium”) and the number of days it was less than the Fund’s NAV ( i.e. , a “discount”) for various time periods is available by visiting the Funds’ website at [insert website].

Investments by Registered Investment Companies

Section 12(d)(1) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, restricts investments by registered investment companies in the securities of other investment companies, including shares of each Fund. Registered investment companies are permitted to invest in the Funds beyond the limits set forth in section 12(d)(1) subject to certain terms and conditions set forth in an SEC exemptive order issued to the Trust, including that such investment companies enter into an agreement with the Funds.

Financial Highlights

Because the Funds have not commenced operations as of the date of this prospectus, financial highlights are not available.

 

24


R EALITY S HARES ETF T RUST

Investment Adviser

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC

402 West Broadway, Suite 2800

San Diego, California 92101

Distributor

ALPS Distributors, Inc.

1290 Broadway, Suite 1100

Denver, Colorado 80203

Legal Counsel

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP

101 Park Avenue

New York, NY 10178-0060

More information about the Funds is available, without charge, through the following:

Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”): The SAI, dated [Insert Date] , includes detailed information about the Funds. The SAI is on file with the SEC and is incorporated by reference into this prospectus. This means that the SAI, for legal purposes, is a part of this prospectus.

Annual and Semi-Annual Reports: These reports list the Funds’ holdings and contain information from the Adviser about investment strategies, and recent market conditions and trends and their impact on Fund performance. The reports also contain detailed financial information about the Funds.

To Obtain an SAI, Annual or Semi-Annual Report, or More Information:

By Telephone:   [Insert Number]

By Mail:             [Insert Address]

By Internet:       [Insert Web Address]

From the SEC: You can also obtain the SAI or the Annual and Semi-Annual Reports, as well as other information about Reality Shares ETF Trust, from the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at: http://www.sec.gov. You may review and copy documents at the SEC Public Reference Room in Washington, DC (for information on the operation of the Public Reference Room, call 202-551-8090). You may request documents by mail from the SEC, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing to: U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission, Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-1520. You may also obtain this information, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by e-mailing the SEC at the following address: publicinfo@sec.gov.

The Trust’s Investment Company Act registration number is 811-22911


SUBJECT TO COMPLETION

THE INFORMATION IN THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT COMPLETE AND MAY BE CHANGED. WE MAY NOT SELL THESE SECURITIES UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT FILED WITH THE U.S. SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION IS EFFECTIVE. THIS STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IS NOT AN OFFER TO SELL THESE SECURITIES AND IS NOT SOLICITING AN OFFER TO BUY THESE SECURITIES IN ANY JURISDICTION WHERE THE OFFER OR SALE IS NOT PERMITTED.

Preliminary Statement of Additional Information Dated [Date], 2013

STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

REALITY SHARES ISOLATED U.S. DIVIDEND GROWTH INDEX ETF

 

  T ICKER S YMBOL   P RINCIPAL  U.S. L ISTING  E XCHANGE  
  [            ]   [            ]  

REALITY SHARES ISOLATED GLOBAL DIVIDEND GROWTH INDEX ETF

 

  T ICKER S YMBOL   P RINCIPAL  U.S. L ISTING  E XCHANGE  
  [            ]   NYSE A RCA , I NC .  

REALITY SHARES ISOLATED DIVIDEND GROWTH ETF

 

  T ICKER S YMBOL   P RINCIPAL  U.S. L ISTING  E XCHANGE  
  [            ]   NYSE A RCA , I NC .  

each, a series of Reality Shares ETF Trust

[Date], 2013

Investment Adviser:

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC

This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus. This SAI is intended to provide additional information regarding the activities and operations of the Reality Shares ETF Trust (the “Trust”) and the Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF, the Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF and the Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF (each a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”). This SAI is incorporated by reference into and should be read in conjunction with the Funds’ prospectus (the “Prospectus”) dated [Date], 2013. Capitalized terms not defined herein are defined in the prospectus. Shareholders may obtain copies of the Funds’ prospectus or Annual Report, when available, free of charge by writing to the Trust at [Address], or calling the Trust at [Phone Number].


TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRUST

     S-1   

DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS AND RISK FACTORS

     S-1   

INFORMATION ABOUT THE INDEX

     S-13   

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

     S-13   

CONTINUOUS OFFERING

     S-15   

EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING

     S-16   

THE ADMINISTRATOR

     S-16   

THE ADVISER

     S-16   

DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING

     S-17   

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST

     S-18   

BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM

     S-21   

CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS

     S-22   

DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

     S-28   

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

     S-28   

TAXES

     S-28   

BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS

     S-33   

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION

     S-34   

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING THE TRUST

     S-35   

LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES’ LIABILITY

     S-35   

CODES OF ETHICS

     S-36   

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

     S-36   

CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT

     S-36   

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

     S-36   

LEGAL COUNSEL

     S-36   

APPENDIX A – DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS

     A-1   

APPENDIX B – PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

     B-1   


GENERAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE TRUST

The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust on March 26, 2013. The Trust is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”). The Trust currently consists of three (3) investment portfolios: the Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF, the Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF and the Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF (each, a “Fund” and together, the “Funds”). Each Fund is classified as “non-diversified” and, therefore, may invest in relatively fewer issuers and is not required to meet certain diversification requirements under the 1940 Act. All payments received by the Trust for shares of each Fund belong to that Fund. Each Fund has its own assets and liabilities. Additional series and/or classes may be created from time to time.

The shares of the Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF are traded on the [U.S. Index Fund Exchange] and the shares of the Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF and Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF are traded on the NYSE Arca, Inc. (together with the [U.S. Index Fund Exchange], the “Exchanges” and each, an “Exchange”). The shares of each Fund will trade on its Exchange, and other secondary markets, at market prices that may be below, at, or above the net asset value (“NAV”) of such Fund. Each Fund issues and redeems shares at NAV only in aggregated lots of 25,000 shares or more (each, a “Creation Unit”). These transactions are usually in exchange for a basket of securities and an amount of cash. As a practical matter, only institutions or large investors purchase or redeem Creation Units. Except when aggregated in Creation Units, shares of each Fund are not redeemable securities.

DESCRIPTION OF PERMITTED INVESTMENTS AND RISK FACTORS

The following are descriptions of the permitted investments and investment practices of the Funds and the associated risk factors. A Fund may purchase any of these instruments and/or engage in any of these investment practices if, in the opinion of Reality Shares Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”), the Funds’ investment adviser, such investments or investment practices will be advantageous to the Fund. A Fund is free to reduce or eliminate its activity in any of these areas. There is no assurance that any of these strategies or any other strategies and methods of investment available to a Fund will result in the achievement of such Fund’s investment objective.

COMMERCIAL PAPER —Commercial paper is the term used to designate unsecured, short-term promissory notes issued by corporations and other entities. Maturities on these issues vary from a few days up to 270 days.

EQUITY SECURITIES —Equity securities represent ownership interests in a company and include common stocks, preferred stocks, warrants to acquire common stock and securities convertible into common stock. Investments in equity securities in general are subject to market risks, which may cause their prices to fluctuate over time. Further, fluctuations in the value of equity securities in which a Fund invests will cause the net asset value of the Fund to fluctuate. The Funds purchase and sell equity securities in various ways, including through registered exchanges in the U.S. or the over-the-counter market.

The different types of equity securities in which the Funds may invest are described in more detail below:

Common Stock. Common stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds and preferred stock take precedence over the claims of those who own common stock.

Preferred Stock. Preferred stock represents an equity or ownership interest in an issuer that pays dividends at a specified rate and that has precedence over common stock in the payment of dividends. In the event an issuer is liquidated or declares bankruptcy, the claims of owners of bonds take precedence over the claims of those who own preferred and common stock. The Funds may purchase preferred stock of all ratings as well as unrated stock.

Warrants. Warrants are instruments that entitle the holder to buy an equity security at a specific price for a specific period of time. Changes in the value of a warrant do not necessarily correspond to changes in the value of its underlying security. The price of a warrant may be more volatile than the price of its underlying security, and a warrant may offer greater potential for capital appreciation as well as capital loss. Warrants do not entitle a holder to dividends or voting rights with respect to the underlying security and do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuing company. A warrant ceases to have value if it is not exercised prior to its expiration date. These factors can make warrants more speculative than other types of investments.

 

S-1


FIXED INCOME SECURITIES —Although the Funds do not intend to invest in fixed income instruments (other than investments in short-term commercial paper and money market instruments) they reserve the right to invest a limited portion of its assets in fixed income investments. Fixed income securities consist primarily of debt obligations issued by governments, corporations, municipalities and other borrowers. The market value of the fixed income securities in which a Fund invests will change in response to interest rate changes and other factors. During periods of falling interest rates, the value of outstanding fixed income securities generally rises. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of such securities generally declines. Moreover, while securities with longer maturities tend to produce higher yields, the prices of longer maturity securities are also subject to greater market fluctuations as a result of changes in interest rates. Changes by recognized agencies in the rating of any fixed income security and in the ability of an issuer to make payments of interest and principal also affect the value of these investments. Changes in the value of these securities will not necessarily affect cash income derived from these securities, but will affect a Fund’s net asset value.

Fixed income securities are subject to the risk of an issuer’s ability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligation (known as “credit risk”) and may also be subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer and general market liquidity (known as “market risk”). Lower-rated or unrated ( i.e. , high yield) securities are more likely to react to developments affecting market and credit risk than are more highly rated securities, which primarily react to movements in the general level of interest rates. Yields and market values of high yield securities will fluctuate over time, reflecting not only changing interest rates but also the market’s perception of credit quality and the outlook for economic growth. When economic conditions appear to be deteriorating, medium- to lower-rated securities may decline in value due to heightened concern over credit quality, regardless of prevailing interest rates. Investors should carefully consider the relative risks of investing in high yield securities and understand that such securities are not generally meant for short-term investing.

Certain obligations may carry variable or floating rates of interest and may involve a conditional or unconditional demand feature. Such instruments bear interest at rates that are not fixed, but that vary with changes in specified market rates or indices. The interest rates on these securities may be reset daily, weekly, quarterly or some other reset period. There is a risk that the current interest rate on such obligations may not accurately reflect existing market interest rates. A demand instrument with a demand notice exceeding seven days may be considered illiquid if there is no secondary market for such security.

Securities held by a Fund that are guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies or instrumentalities guarantee only the payment of principal and interest and do not guarantee the yield or value of the securities or the yield or value of such Fund’s shares.

FOREIGN SECURITIES —Foreign securities are securities issued by non-U.S. issuers. Investments in foreign securities may subject the Funds to investment risks that differ in some respects from those related to investments in securities of U.S. issuers. Such risks include future adverse political and economic developments, possible imposition of withholding taxes on income, possible seizure, nationalization or expropriation of foreign deposits, possible establishment of exchange controls or taxation at the source or greater fluctuations in value due to changes in exchange rates. Foreign issuers of securities often engage in business practices that differ from those of domestic issuers of similar securities, and there may be less information publicly available about foreign issuers. In addition, foreign issuers are, generally speaking, subject to less government supervision and regulation and different accounting treatment than are those in the U.S. Foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements than those applicable to domestic branches of U.S. banks.

The value of a Fund’s investments denominated in foreign currencies will depend on the relative strengths of those currencies and the U.S. dollar, and a Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in the exchange rates or exchange or currency control regulations between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates may also affect the value of dividends and interest earned, gains and losses realized on the sale of securities and net investment income and gains, if any, to be distributed to shareholders by the Funds. Such investments may also entail higher custodial fees and sales commissions than domestic investments.

 

S-2


FORWARD FOREIGN CURRENCY CONTRACTS —The Funds may invest in forward foreign currency contracts. A forward foreign currency contract involves a negotiated obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date (with or without delivery required), which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are traded in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large, commercial banks) and their customers. A forward foreign currency contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades.

Forward contracts generally may not be liquidated prior to the stated maturity date, although the parties to a contract may agree to enter into a second offsetting transaction with the same maturity, thereby fixing each party’s profit or loss on the two transactions. Nevertheless, each position must still be maintained to maturity unless the parties separately agree on an earlier settlement date. As a result, a party to a forward contract must be prepared to perform its obligations under each such contract in full. Parties to a forward contract may also separately agree to extend the contract by “rolling” it over prior to the originally scheduled settlement date. The Funds may use forward contracts for cash equitization purposes, which allows the Fund to invest consistent with its benchmark while managing daily cash flows, including significant client inflows and outflows.

The Funds may use currency instruments as part of a hedging strategy, as described below:

Transaction Hedging. Transaction hedging is when a Fund enters into a currency transaction with respect to specific assets or liabilities of such Fund, which generally arises in connection with the purchase or sale of its portfolio securities or the receipt of income therefrom. The Funds may enter into transaction hedging out of a desire to preserve the U.S. dollar price of a security when it enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated in a foreign currency. A Fund may be able to protect itself against possible losses resulting from changes in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies during the period between the date the security is purchased or sold and the date on which payment is made or received by entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars, of the amount of the foreign currency involved in the underlying security transaction.

Position Hedging . A Fund may sell a non-U.S. currency and purchase U.S. currency to reduce exposure to the non-U.S. currency (called “position hedging”). A Fund may use position hedging when the advisers reasonably believe that the currency of a particular foreign country may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar. A Fund may enter into a forward foreign currency contract to sell, for a fixed amount of U.S. dollars, the amount of foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. The precise matching of the forward foreign currency contract amount and the value of the portfolio securities involved may not have a perfect correlation since the future value of the securities hedged will change as a consequence of the market between the date the forward contract is entered into and the date it matures. The projection of short-term currency market movement is difficult, and the successful execution of this short-term hedging strategy is uncertain.

The Funds may engage in non-deliverable forward transactions. A non-deliverable forward transaction is a transaction that represents an agreement between a Fund and a counterparty (usually a commercial bank) to buy or sell a specified (notional) amount of a particular currency at an agreed-upon foreign exchange rate on an agreed-upon future date. The non-deliverable forward transaction position is closed using a fixing rate, as defined by the central bank in the country of the currency being traded, that is generally publicly stated within one or two days prior to the settlement date. Unlike other currency transactions, there is no physical delivery of the currency on the settlement of a non-deliverable forward transaction. Rather, a Fund and the counterparty agree to net the settlement by making a payment in U.S. dollars or another fully convertible currency that represents any differential between the foreign exchange rate agreed upon at the inception of the non-deliverable forward agreement and the actual exchange rate on the agreed-upon future date. Thus, the actual gain or loss of a given non-deliverable forward transaction is calculated by multiplying the transaction’s notional amount by the difference between the agreed-upon forward exchange rate and the actual exchange rate when the transaction is completed. Under definitions recently adopted by the CFTC and SEC, many non-deliverable foreign currency forwards will be considered swaps for certain purposes, including determination of whether such instruments need to be exchange-traded and centrally cleared. These changes are expected to reduce counterparty/credit risk as compared to bilaterally negotiated contracts.

 

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Open positions in forwards will be covered by the segregation or “earmarking” of assets determined to be liquid, and are marked to market daily, in accordance with the Funds’ policies and procedures.

Risks. Currency hedging involves some of the same risks and considerations as other transactions with similar instruments. Currency transactions can result in losses to a Fund if the currency being hedged fluctuates in value to a degree in a direction that is not anticipated. Furthermore, there is risk that the perceived linkage between various currencies may not be present or may not be present during the particular time that a Fund is engaging in proxy hedging. Suitable hedging transactions may not be available in all circumstances. Hedging transactions may also eliminate any chance for a Fund to benefit from favorable fluctuations in relevant foreign currencies.

Currency transactions are subject to risks different from those of other portfolio transactions. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate based on factors extrinsic to that country’s economy. Although forward foreign currency contracts and currency futures tend to minimize the risk of loss due to a decline in the value of the hedged currency, at the same time they tend to limit any potential gain that might result should the value of such currency increase. Because currency control is of great importance to the issuing governments and influences economic planning and policy, purchase and sales of currency and related instruments can be negatively affected by government exchange controls, blockages and manipulations or exchange restrictions imposed by governments. These can result in losses to a Fund if it is unable to deliver or receive currency or funds in settlement of obligations and could also cause hedges it has entered into to be rendered useless, resulting in full currency exposure as well as incurring transaction costs. Buyers and sellers of currency futures are subject to the same risks that apply to the use of futures generally. Further, settlement of a currency futures contract for the purchase of most currencies must occur at a bank based in the issuing nation. Trading options on currency futures is relatively new, and the ability to establish and close out positions on such options is subject to the maintenance of a liquid market, which may not always be available.

FUTURES CONTRACTS AND OPTIONS ON FUTURES CONTRACTS —Futures contracts provide for the future sale by one party and purchase by another party of a specified amount of a specific security at a specified future time and at a specified price. An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in exchange for a premium, to assume a position in a futures contract at a specified exercise price during the term of the option. An index futures contract is a bilateral agreement pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to a specified dollar amount times the difference between the bond index value at the close of trading of the contract and the price at which the futures contract is originally struck. No physical delivery of the securities comprising the index is made, and generally contracts are closed out prior to the expiration date of the contract.

A Fund will reduce the risk that it will be unable to close out a futures contract by only entering into futures contracts that are traded on national futures exchanges regulated by the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”). As a result of recent amendments to rules under the Commodity Exchange Act (“CEA”) by the CFTC, a Fund must either operate within certain guidelines and restrictions with respect to the Fund’s use of futures, options on such futures, commodity options and certain swaps, or the Adviser will be subject to registration with the CFTC as a “commodity pool operator” (“CPO”). Consistent with the CFTC’s new regulations, the Trust, on behalf of the Funds, has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term CPO under the CEA and, therefore, the Funds are not subject to registration or regulation as CPOs under the CEA. As a result, the Funds will operate within certain guidelines and restrictions with respect to their use of futures, options and certain swaps.

A Fund may use futures contracts and related options for hedging, risk management or other purposes, as permitted by its stated investment policies. Instances in which a Fund may use futures contracts and related options for risk management purposes include: (i) attempting to offset changes in the value of securities held or expected to be acquired or be disposed of; (ii) attempting to minimize fluctuations in foreign currencies; (iii) attempting to gain exposure to a particular market, index or instrument; or (iv) other risk management purposes. A Fund may use futures contracts for cash equitization purposes, which allows such Fund to invest consistent with its benchmark while managing daily cash flows, including significant client inflows and outflows.

When a Fund purchases or sells a futures contract, or sells an option thereon, such Fund is required to “cover” its position as required by the 1940 Act. A Fund may “cover” its long position in a futures contract by purchasing a put option on the same futures contract with a strike price ( i.e. , an exercise price) as high or higher than the price of the futures contract. In the alternative, if the strike price of the put is less than the price of the futures contract, a Fund will earmark on the books of such Fund or place in a segregated account cash or liquid securities equal in value to the difference between the strike

 

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price of the put and the price of the futures contract. A Fund may also “cover” its long position in a futures contract by taking a short position in the instruments underlying the futures contract or by taking positions in instruments with prices that are expected to move relatively consistently with the futures contract. A Fund may “cover” its short position in a futures contract by taking a long position in the instruments underlying the futures contract or by taking positions in instruments with prices that are expected to move relatively consistently with the futures contract.

A Fund may “cover” its sale of a call option on a futures contract by taking a long position in the underlying futures contract at a price less than or equal to the strike price of the call option. In the alternative, if the long position in the underlying futures contract is established at a price greater than the strike price of the written (sold) call, a Fund will earmark on the books of such Fund or place in a segregated account cash or liquid securities equal in value to the difference between the strike price of the call and the price of the futures contract. A Fund may also “cover” its sale of a call option by taking positions in instruments with prices that are expected to move relatively consistently with the call option. A Fund may “cover” its sale of a put option on a futures contract by taking a short position in the underlying futures contract at a price greater than or equal to the strike price of the put option, or, if the short position in the underlying futures contract is established at a price less than the strike price of the written put, such Fund will earmark on its books or place in a segregated account cash or liquid securities equal in value to the difference between the strike price of the put and the price of the futures contract. A Fund may also “cover” its sale of a put option by taking positions in instruments with prices that are expected to move relatively consistently with the put option.

There are significant risks associated with a Fund’s use of futures contracts and options on futures contracts, including the following: (i) the success of a hedging strategy may depend on the advisers’ ability to predict movements in the prices of individual securities, fluctuations in markets and movements in interest rates; (ii) there may be an imperfect or no correlation between the changes in market value of the securities held by a Fund and the prices of futures and options on futures; (iii) there may not be a liquid secondary market for a futures contract or option; (iv) trading restrictions or limitations may be imposed by an exchange; and (v) government regulations may restrict trading in futures contracts and options on futures contracts. In addition, some strategies reduce a Fund’s exposure to price fluctuations, while others tend to increase its market exposure.

ILLIQUID SECURITIES —Illiquid securities are securities that cannot be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business (within seven days) at approximately the prices at which they are valued. The Funds may invest up to 15% of their respective assets in illiquid securities. If, subsequent to purchase, a security held by a Fund becomes illiquid, such Fund may continue to hold the security. Because of their illiquid nature, illiquid securities generally must be priced at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures approved by the Trust’s Board. Despite such good faith efforts to determine fair value prices, a Fund’s illiquid securities are subject to the risk that the security’s fair value price may differ from the actual price that such Fund may ultimately realize upon its sale or disposition. Difficulty in selling illiquid securities may result in a loss or may be costly to a Fund. Under the supervision of the Board, the advisers determine the liquidity of a Fund’s investments. In determining liquidity, the Adviser may consider various factors, including: (i) the frequency and volume of trades and quotations; (ii) the number of dealers and prospective purchasers in the marketplace; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market; and (iv) the nature of the security and the market in which it trades (including any demand, put or tender features, the mechanics and other requirements for transfer, any letters of credit or other credit enhancement features, any ratings, the number of holders, the method of soliciting offers, the time required to dispose of the security and the ability to assign or offset the rights and obligations of the security).

INVESTMENT COMPANIES —Securities of other investment companies, including shares of closed-end investment companies, unit investment trusts, open-end investment companies and REITs, represent interests in professionally managed portfolios that may invest in various types of instruments. Investing in other investment companies involves substantially the same risks as investing directly in the underlying instruments, but may involve additional expenses at the investment company-level, such as portfolio management fees and operating expenses. Certain types of investment companies, such as closed-end investment companies, issue a fixed number of shares that trade on a stock exchange or over-the-counter at a premium or a discount to their net asset value. Other investment companies are continuously offered at net asset value, but may also be traded in the secondary market at a premium or discount to their net asset value.

 

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Generally, the federal securities laws limit the extent to which the Funds can invest in securities of other investment companies, subject to certain exceptions. For example, a Fund is prohibited under Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act from acquiring the securities of another investment company if, as a result of such acquisition: (i) the Fund owns more than 3% of the total voting stock of the other company; (ii) securities issued by any one investment company represent more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets; or (iii) securities (other than treasury stock) issued by all investment companies represent more than 10% of the total assets of the Fund, subject to certain exceptions. Pursuant to Rule 12d1-1 under the 1940 Act, the Funds may invest in one or more affiliated or unaffiliated investment companies that comply with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act (to the extent required by Rule 12d1-1), in excess of the limits of Section 12(d)(1)(A) of the 1940 Act.

A Fund may invest in other investment companies, including those managed by an adviser, to the extent permitted by any rule or regulation of the SEC or any order or interpretation thereunder.

Exchange-Traded Funds (“ETFs”). ETFs are investment companies that are registered under the 1940 Act as open-end funds or unit investment trusts. ETFs are actively traded on national securities exchanges and are generally based on specific domestic and foreign market indices. An index-based ETF seeks to track the performance of an index by holding in its portfolio either the contents of the index or a representative sample of the securities in the index. Because ETFs are based on an underlying basket of stocks or an index, they are subject to the same market fluctuations as these types of securities in volatile market swings.

MONEY MARKET SECURITIES —Money market securities include: (i) short-term U.S. Government securities; (ii) custodial receipts evidencing separately traded interest and principal components of securities issued by the U.S. Treasury; (iii) commercial paper rated in the highest short-term rating category by an NRSRO, such as S&P or Moody’s, or determined by the Adviser to be of comparable quality at the time of purchase; (iv) short-term bank obligations (certificates of deposit, time deposits and bankers’ acceptances) of U.S. commercial banks with assets of at least $1 billion as of the end of their most recent fiscal year; and (v) repurchase agreements involving such securities. For a description of ratings, see Appendix A to this SAI. The Funds may invest in money market securities for cash management purposes and, with respect to the Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF, to take temporary defensive measures.

OPTIONS —A Fund may purchase and write put and call options on indices and enter into related closing transactions. A put option on a security gives the purchaser of the option the right to sell, and the writer of the option the obligation to buy, the underlying security at any time during the option period. A call option on a security gives the purchaser of the option the right to buy, and the writer of the option the obligation to sell, the underlying security at any time during the option period. The premium paid to the writer is the consideration for undertaking the obligations under the option contract.

A Fund may purchase and write put and call options on foreign currencies (traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges or over-the-counter markets) to manage its exposure to exchange rates. Call options on foreign currency written by a Fund will be “covered” as required by the 1940 Act.

Put and call options on indices are similar to options on securities except that options on an index give the holder the right to receive, upon exercise of the option, an amount of cash if the closing level of the underlying index is greater than (or less than, in the case of puts) the exercise price of the option. This amount of cash is equal to the difference between the closing price of the index and the exercise price of the option, expressed in dollars multiplied by a specified number. Thus, unlike options on individual securities, all settlements are in cash, and gain or loss depends on price movements in the particular market represented by the index generally, rather than the price movements in individual securities. All options written on indices or securities must be “covered” as required by the 1940 Act.

Each Fund may trade put and call options on securities, securities indices and currencies, as the advisers, as applicable, determine is appropriate in seeking the Fund’s investment objective, unless otherwise restricted by the Fund’s investment limitations as set forth below (see “Investment Limitations” below).

The initial purchase (sale) of an option contract is an “opening transaction.” In order to close out an option position, a Fund may enter into a “closing transaction,” which is simply the sale (purchase) of an option contract on the same security with the same exercise price and expiration date as the option contract originally opened. If a Fund is unable to effect a closing purchase transaction with respect to an option it has written, it will not be able to sell the underlying security until the option expires or the Fund delivers the security upon exercise.

 

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A Fund may purchase put and call options on securities for any lawful purpose, including to protect against a decline in the market value of the securities in its portfolio or to anticipate an increase in the market value of securities that such Fund may seek to purchase in the future. A Fund purchasing put and call options pays a premium for such options. If price movements in the underlying securities are such that exercise of the options would not be profitable for a Fund, loss of the premium paid may be offset by an increase in the value of the Fund’s securities or by a decrease in the cost of acquisition of securities by such Fund.

A Fund may write ( i.e. , sell) “covered” call options on securities for any lawful purpose, including as a means of increasing the yield on its assets and as a means of providing limited protection against decreases in its market value. A Fund may engage in a covered call option writing (selling) program in an attempt to generate additional income or provide a partial hedge to another position of such Fund. A call option is “covered” if a Fund either owns the underlying instrument or has an absolute and immediate right (such as a call with the same or a later expiration date) to acquire that instrument. The underlying instruments of such covered call options may consist of individual equity securities, pools of equity securities, ETFs or indices. The writing of covered call options is a more conservative investment technique than writing of naked or uncovered options, but capable of enhancing a Fund’s total return. When a Fund writes a covered call option, it profits from the premium paid by the buyer but gives up the opportunity to profit from an increase in the value of the underlying security above the exercise price. At the same time, a Fund retains the risk of loss from a decline in the value of the underlying security during the option period. Although a Fund may terminate its obligation by executing a closing purchase transaction, the cost of effecting such a transaction may be greater than the premium received upon its sale, resulting in a loss to such Fund. If such an option expires unexercised, a Fund realizes a gain equal to the premium received. Such a gain may be offset or exceeded by a decline in the market value of the underlying security during the option period. If an option is exercised, the exercise price, the premium received and the market value of the underlying security determine the gain or loss realized by a Fund.

When a Fund writes an option, if the underlying securities do not increase or decrease, as applicable, to a price level that would make the exercise of the option profitable to the holder thereof, the option will generally expire without being exercised and such Fund will realize as profit the premium received for such option. When a call option of which a Fund is the writer is exercised, such Fund will be required to sell the underlying securities to the option holder at the strike price and will not participate in any increase in the price of such securities above the strike price. When a put option of which a Fund is the writer is exercised, such Fund will be required to purchase the underlying securities at a price in excess of the market value of such securities.

A Fund may purchase and write options on an exchange or over-the-counter. Over-the-counter options (“OTC options”) differ from exchange-traded options in several respects. First, OTC options are transacted directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation and therefore entail the risk of non-performance by the dealer. In addition, OTC options are available for a greater variety of securities and for a wider range of expiration dates and exercise prices than are available for exchange-traded options. Because OTC options are not traded on an exchange, pricing is normally done by reference to information from a market maker. It is the SEC’s position that OTC options are generally illiquid.

The market value of an option generally reflects the market price of an underlying security. Other principal factors affecting market value include supply and demand, interest rates, the pricing volatility of the underlying security and the time remaining until the expiration date of the option.

Risks. Risks associated with options transactions include: (i) the success of a hedging strategy may depend on an ability to predict movements in the prices of individual securities, fluctuations in markets and movements in interest rates; (ii) there may be an imperfect correlation between the movement in prices of options and the underlying securities; (iii) there may not be a liquid secondary market for options; and (iv) while a Fund will receive a premium when it writes covered call options, it may not participate fully in a rise in the market value of the underlying security.

 

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PUT TRANSACTIONS —The Funds may purchase securities at a price that would result in a yield to maturity lower than generally offered by the seller at the time of purchase when a Fund can simultaneously acquire the right to sell the securities back to the seller, the issuer or a third party (the “writer”) at an agreed-upon price at any time during a stated period or on a certain date. Such a right is generally denoted as a “standby commitment” or a “put.” The purpose of engaging in transactions involving puts is to maintain flexibility and liquidity to permit a Fund to meet redemptions and remain as fully invested as possible in municipal securities. A Fund reserves the right to engage in put transactions. The right to put the securities depends on the writer’s ability to pay for the securities at the time the put is exercised. A Fund would limit its put transactions to institutions that an adviser believes present minimum credit risks, and an adviser would use its best efforts to initially determine and continue to monitor the financial strength of the sellers of the options by evaluating their financial statements and such other information as is available in the marketplace. It may, however, be difficult to monitor the financial strength of the writers because adequate current financial information may not be available. In the event that any writer is unable to honor a put for financial reasons, a Fund would be a general creditor ( i.e. , on a parity with all other unsecured creditors) of the writer. Furthermore, particular provisions of the contract between a Fund and the writer may excuse the writer from repurchasing the securities; for example, a change in the published rating of the underlying municipal securities or any similar event that has an adverse effect on the issuer’s credit or a provision in the contract that the put will not be exercised except in certain special cases, such as to maintain Fund liquidity. A Fund could, however, at any time sell the underlying portfolio security in the open market or wait until the portfolio security matures, at which time it should realize the full par value of the security.

The securities purchased subject to a put may be sold to third persons at any time, even though the put is outstanding, but the put itself, unless it is an integral part of the security as originally issued, may not be marketable or otherwise assignable. Therefore, the put would have value only to that particular Fund. Sale of the securities to third parties or lapse of time with the put unexercised may terminate the right to put the securities. Prior to the expiration of any put option, a Fund could seek to negotiate terms for the extension of such an option. If such a renewal cannot be negotiated on terms satisfactory to a Fund, such Fund could, of course, sell the portfolio security. The maturity of the underlying security will generally be different from that of the put. For the purpose of determining the “maturity” of securities purchased subject to an option to put, and for the purpose of determining the dollar-weighted average maturity of a Fund including such securities, a Fund will consider “maturity” to be the first date on which it has the right to demand payment from the writer of the put (although the final maturity of the security is later than such date).

REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS —A repurchase agreement is an agreement in which one party sells securities to another party in return for cash with an agreement to repurchase equivalent securities at an agreed-upon price and on an agreed-upon future date. A Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with financial institutions and follow certain procedures designed to minimize the risks inherent in such agreements. These procedures include effecting repurchase transactions only with large, well-capitalized and well-established financial institutions deemed creditworthy by the advisers. The repurchase agreements entered into by a Fund will provide that the underlying collateral shall have a value equal to at least 102% of the resale price stated in the agreement at all times. The advisers monitor compliance with this requirement as well as the ongoing financial condition and creditworthiness of the counterparty. Under all repurchase agreements entered into by a Fund, the custodian or its agent must take possession of the underlying collateral.

In the event of a default or bankruptcy by a selling financial institution, a Fund will seek to liquidate such collateral. However, the exercising of each Fund’s right to liquidate such collateral could involve certain costs or delays and, to the extent that proceeds from any sale upon a default of the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, a Fund could suffer a loss. At times, the investments of each of the Funds in repurchase agreements may be substantial when, in the view of the Adviser, liquidity or other considerations so warrant.

RESTRICTED SECURITIES —Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold to the public without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), or an exemption from registration. Restricted securities, including securities eligible for re-sale under Rule 144A of the 1933 Act, that are determined to be liquid are not subject to this limitation. This determination is to be made by the advisers, as applicable, pursuant to guidelines adopted by the Board. Under these guidelines, the particular adviser will consider the frequency of trades and quotes for the security, the number of dealers in, and potential purchasers for, the security, dealer undertakings to make a market in the security and the nature of the security and of the marketplace trades. In purchasing such restricted securities, each adviser intends to purchase securities that are exempt from registration under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act and Section 4(2) commercial paper issued in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act.

 

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REVERSE REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND SALE-BUYBACKS —Reverse repurchase agreements are transactions in which a Fund sells portfolio securities to financial institutions, such as banks and broker-dealers, and agrees to repurchase them at a mutually agreed-upon date and price that is higher than the original sale price. Reverse repurchase agreements are similar to a fully collateralized borrowing by a Fund. At the time a Fund enters into a reverse repurchase agreement, it will earmark on its books or place in a segregated account cash or liquid securities having a value equal to the repurchase price (including accrued interest) and will subsequently monitor the account to ensure that such equivalent value is maintained.

Reverse repurchase agreements involve risks. Reverse repurchase agreements are a form of leverage, and the use of reverse repurchase agreements by a Fund may increase such Fund’s volatility. Reverse repurchase agreements are also subject to the risk that the other party to the reverse repurchase agreement will be unable or unwilling to complete the transaction as scheduled, which may result in losses to a Fund. Reverse repurchase agreements also involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by a Fund may decline below the price at which it is obligated to repurchase the securities. In addition, when a Fund invests the proceeds it receives in a reverse repurchase transaction, there is a risk that those investments may decline in value. In this circumstance, a Fund could be required to sell other investments in order to meet its obligations to repurchase the securities.

In a sale-buyback transaction, a Fund sells an underlying security for settlement at a later date. A sale-buyback is similar to a reverse repurchase agreement, except that in a sale-buyback the counterparty who purchases the security is entitled to receive any principal or interest payments made on the underlying security pending settlement of the Fund’s repurchase of the underlying security. A Fund’s obligations under a sale-buyback would typically be offset by earmarking on the books of such Fund or placing in a segregated account cash or liquid securities having a value equal to the amount of such Fund’s forward commitment to repurchase the underlying security.

SECURITIES LENDING —Each Fund may lend portfolio securities to brokers, dealers and other financial organizations that meet capital and other credit requirements or other criteria established by the Board. These loans, if and when made, may not exceed 33 1 / 3 % of the total asset value of a Fund (including the loan collateral). Each Fund will not lend portfolio securities to its advisers or its affiliates unless it has applied for and received specific authority to do so from the SEC. Loans of portfolio securities will be fully collateralized by cash, letters of credit or U.S. Government securities, and the collateral will be maintained in an amount equal to at least 100% of the current market value of the loaned securities by marking to market daily, although the borrower will be required to deliver collateral of 102% and 105% of the market value of borrowed securities for domestic and foreign issuers, respectively. Any gain or loss in the market price of the securities loaned that might occur during the term of the loan would be for the account of a Fund.

A Fund may pay a part of the interest earned from the investment of collateral or other fee to an unaffiliated third party for acting as such Fund’s securities lending agent.

By lending its securities, a Fund may increase its income by receiving payments from the borrower that reflect the amount of any interest or dividends payable on the loaned securities as well as by either investing cash collateral received from the borrower in short-term instruments or obtaining a fee from the borrower when U.S. Government securities or letters of credit are used as collateral. Each Fund will adhere to the following conditions whenever its portfolio securities are loaned: (i) the Fund must receive at least 100% cash collateral or equivalent securities of the type discussed in the preceding paragraph from the borrower; (ii) the borrower must increase such collateral whenever the market value of the securities rises above the level of such collateral; (iii) the Fund must be able to terminate the loan on demand; (iv) the Fund must receive reasonable interest on the loan, as well as any dividends, interest or other distributions on the loaned securities and any increase in market value; (v) the Fund may pay only reasonable fees in connection with the loan (which may include fees payable to the lending agent, the borrower, the Fund’s administrator and the custodian); and (vi) voting rights on the loaned securities may pass to the borrower, provided, however, that if a material event adversely affecting the investment occurs, the Fund must terminate the loan and regain the right to vote the securities. The Board has adopted procedures reasonably designed to ensure that the foregoing criteria will be met. Loan agreements involve certain risks in the event of default or insolvency of the borrower, including possible delays or restrictions upon a Fund’s ability to recover the loaned securities or dispose of the collateral for the loan, which could give rise to loss because of adverse market action, expenses and/or delays in connection with the disposition of the underlying securities.

 

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A Fund will invest the cash received as collateral through loan transactions in other eligible securities, which may include shares of a registered money market fund, or of an unregistered money market fund that complies with the requirements of Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act to the extent required by the 1940 Act. Such money market funds might not seek or be able to maintain a stable $1.00 per share net asset value.

The investment of cash collateral subjects a Fund to market risk. A Fund remains obligated to return all collateral to the borrower under the terms of its securities lending arrangements even if the value of the investments made with the collateral has declined. Accordingly, if the value of a security in which the cash collateral has been invested declines, the loss would be borne by a Fund, and such Fund may be required to liquidate other investments in order to return collateral to the borrower at the end of a loan.

SHORT SALES —Short sales may be used by the Funds as part of their overall portfolio management strategies or to offset (hedge) a potential decline in the value of a security. A Fund may engage in short sales that are either “against the box” or “uncovered.” A short sale is “against the box” if, at all times during which the short position is open, a Fund owns at least an equal amount of the securities or securities convertible into, or exchangeable without further consideration for, securities of the same issue as the securities that are sold short. A short sale against the box is a taxable transaction to a Fund with respect to the securities that are sold short. Uncovered short sales are transactions under which a Fund sells a security it does not own. To complete such a transaction, a Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. A Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing the security at the market price at the time of the replacement. The price at such time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by a Fund. Until the security is replaced, a Fund is required to pay the lender amounts equal to any dividends or interest that accrue during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, a Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale may be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. Pursuant to its particular investment strategy, the Adviser may have a net short exposure in the portfolio of assets allocated to the Adviser.

Until a Fund closes its short position or replaces the borrowed security, the Fund will: (i) earmark on the books of the Fund or place in a segregated account cash or liquid securities at such a level that the amount earmarked or deposited in the segregated account plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral will equal the current value of the security sold short; or (ii) otherwise “cover” the Fund’s short position as required by the 1940 Act. The Funds may engage in short sales in an attempt to capitalize on equity securities that they believe will underperform the market or their peers. When a Fund sells securities short, it may use the proceeds from the sales to purchase long positions in additional securities that it believes will outperform the market or its peers. This strategy may effectively result in a Fund having a leveraged investment portfolio, which results in greater potential for loss. Leverage can amplify the effects of market volatility on a Fund’s share price and make such Fund’s returns more volatile. This is because leverage tends to exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of a Fund’s portfolio securities. The use of leverage may also cause a Fund to liquidate portfolio positions when it would not be advantageous to do so or in order to satisfy its obligations.

SWAPS, CAPS, FLOORS, COLLARS AND SWAPTIONS —Swaps are privately negotiated over-the-counter derivative products in which two parties agree to exchange payment streams calculated in relation to a rate, index, instrument or certain securities (referred to as the “underlying”) and a predetermined amount (referred to as the “notional amount”). The underlying for a swap may be an interest rate (fixed or floating), a currency exchange rate, a commodity price index, a security, group of securities or a securities index, a combination of any of these or various other rates, securities, instruments, assets or indices. Swap agreements generally do not involve the delivery of the underlying or principal, and a party’s obligations are generally equal to only the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each party to the swap agreement. A great deal of flexibility is possible in the way swaps may be structured. For example, in a simple fixed-to-floating interest rate swap, one party makes payments equivalent to a fixed interest rate and the other party makes payments calculated with reference to a specified floating interest rate, such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) or the prime rate. In a currency swap, the parties generally enter into an agreement to pay interest streams in one currency based on a specified rate in exchange for receiving interest streams denominated in another currency. Currency swaps may involve initial and final exchanges of the currency that correspond to the agreed upon notional amount.

 

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A Fund may engage in simple or more complex swap transactions involving a wide variety of underlyings for various reasons. For example, a Fund may enter into a swap: (i) to gain exposure to investments (such as an index of securities in a market) or currencies without actually purchasing those stocks or currencies; (ii) to make an investment without owning or taking physical custody of securities or currencies in circumstances in which direct investment is restricted for legal reasons or is otherwise impracticable; (iii) to hedge an existing position; (iv) to obtain a particular desired return at a lower cost to the Fund than if it had invested directly in an instrument that yielded the desired return; or (v) for various other reasons.

The Funds may enter into credit default swaps as a buyer or a seller. The buyer in a credit default contract is obligated to pay the seller a periodic stream of payments over the term of the contract provided no event of default has occurred. If an event of default occurs, the seller must pay the buyer the full notional value (“par value”) of the underlying in exchange for the underlying. If a Fund is a buyer and no event of default occurs, such Fund will have made a stream of payments to the seller without having benefited from the default protection it purchased. However, if an event of default occurs, a Fund, as a buyer, will receive the full notional value of the underlying that may have little or no value following default. As a seller, a Fund receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, provided there is no default. If an event of default occurs, a Fund would be obligated to pay the notional value of the underlying in return for the receipt of the underlying. The value of the underlying received by a Fund, coupled with the periodic payments previously received, may be less than the full notional value it pays to the buyer, resulting in a loss of value to such Fund. Credit default swaps involve different risks than if a Fund invests in the underlying directly.

Caps, floors, collars and swaptions are privately-negotiated option-based derivative products. Like a put or call option, the buyer of a cap or floor pays a premium to the writer. In exchange for that premium, the buyer receives the right to a payment equal to the differential if the specified index or rate rises above (in the case of a cap) or falls below (in the case of a floor) a pre-determined strike level. Like swaps, obligations under caps and floors are calculated based upon an agreed notional amount, and, like most swaps (other than foreign currency swaps), the entire notional amount is not exchanged. A collar is a combination product in which one party buys a cap from and sells a floor to another party. Swaptions give the holder the right to enter into a swap. A Fund may use one or more of these derivative products in addition to or in lieu of a swap involving a similar rate or index.

Under current market practice, swaps, caps, collars and floors between the same two parties are generally documented under a “master agreement.” In some cases, options and forwards between the parties may also be governed by the same master agreement. In the event of a default, amounts owed under all transactions entered into under, or covered by, the same master agreement would be netted, and only a single payment would be made.

Generally, a Fund would calculate the obligations of the swap agreements’ counterparties on a “net basis.” Consequently, a Fund’s current obligation (or rights) under a swap agreement will generally be equal only to the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the positions held by each counterparty to the swap agreement (the “net amount”). A Fund’s current obligation under a swap agreement will be accrued daily (offset against any amounts owed to such Fund), and any accrued but unpaid net amounts owed to a swap counterparty will be “covered” as required by the 1940 Act. Each Fund will not enter into a swap agreement with any single party if the net amount owed or to be received under the existing agreements with that party would exceed 5% of the Fund’s total assets.

The swap market has grown substantially in recent years, with a large number of banks and investment banking firms acting both as principals and as agents using standardized swap agreements. As a result, the use of swaps has become more prevalent in comparison with the markets for other similar instruments that are also traded in over-the-counter markets.

Swaps and other derivatives involve risks. One significant risk in a swap, cap, floor, collar or swaption is the volatility of the specific interest rate, currency or other underlying that determines the amount of payments due to and from a Fund. This is true whether these derivative products are used to create additional risk exposure for a Fund or to hedge, or

 

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manage, existing risk exposure. If under a swap, cap, floor, collar or swaption agreement, a Fund is obligated to make a payment to the counterparty, such Fund must be prepared to make the payment when due. A Fund could suffer losses with respect to such an agreement if such Fund is unable to terminate the agreement or reduce its exposure through offsetting transactions. Further, the risks of caps, floors and collars, like put and call options, may be unlimited for the seller if the cap or floor is not hedged or covered, but is limited for the buyer.

Because under swap, cap, floor, collar and swaption agreements a counterparty may be obligated to make payments to a Fund, these derivative products are subject to risks related to the counterparty’s creditworthiness. If a counterparty defaults, a Fund’s risk of loss will consist of any payments that such Fund is entitled to receive from the counterparty under the agreement (this may not be true for currency swaps that require the delivery of the entire notional amount of one designated currency in exchange for the other). Upon default by a counterparty, however, a Fund may have contractual remedies under the swap agreement.

A Fund will enter into swaps only with counterparties that the advisers believe to be creditworthy. In addition, a Fund will earmark on its books or segregate cash or liquid securities in an amount equal to any liability amount owned under a swap, cap, floor, collar or swaption agreement or will otherwise “cover” its position as required by the 1940 Act.

U.S. GOVERNMENT SECURITIES —Examples of types of U.S. Government obligations in which a Fund may invest include U.S. Treasury obligations and the obligations of U.S. Government agencies or U.S. Government sponsored entities such as Federal Home Loan Banks, Federal Farm Credit Banks, Federal Land Banks, the Federal Housing Administration, the Farmers Home Administration, the Export-Import Bank of the United States, the Small Business Administration, Fannie Mae, GNMA, the General Services Administration, the Student Loan Marketing Association, the Central Bank for Cooperatives, Freddie Mac, Federal Intermediate Credit Banks, the Maritime Administration and other similar agencies. Whether backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury or not, U.S. Government securities are not guaranteed against price movements due to fluctuating interest rates.

Receipts. Receipts are interests in separately-traded interest and principal component parts of U.S. Government obligations that are issued by banks or brokerage firms and are created by depositing U.S. Government obligations into a special account at a custodian bank. The custodian holds the interest and principal payments for the benefit of the registered owners of the certificates or receipts. The custodian arranges for the issuance of the certificates or receipts evidencing ownership and maintains the register. TRs and STRIPS are interests in accounts sponsored by the U.S. Treasury. Receipts are sold as zero coupon securities, which means that they are sold at a substantial discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal.

U.S. Treasury Obligations. U.S. Treasury obligations consist of bills, notes and bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury and separately traded interest and principal component parts of such obligations that are transferable through the federal book-entry systems known as STRIPS and TRs.

U.S. Government Zero Coupon Securities. STRIPS and receipts are sold as zero coupon securities; that is, fixed income securities that have been stripped of their unmatured interest coupons. Zero coupon securities are sold at a (usually substantial) discount and redeemed at face value at their maturity date without interim cash payments of interest or principal. The amount of this discount is accreted over the life of the security, and the accretion constitutes the income earned on the security for both accounting and tax purposes. Because of these features, the market prices of zero coupon securities are generally more volatile than the market prices of securities that have similar maturity but that pay interest periodically. Zero coupon securities are likely to respond to a greater degree to interest rate changes than are non-zero coupon securities with similar maturities and credit qualities.

U.S. Government Agencies. Some obligations issued or guaranteed by agencies of the U.S. Government are supported by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury ( e.g. , Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and securities guaranteed by GNMA), others are supported by the right of the issuer to borrow from the U.S. Treasury ( e.g. , obligations of Federal Home Loan Banks), while still others are supported only by the credit of the instrumentality ( e.g. , obligations of Fannie Mae). Guarantees of principal by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government may be a guarantee of payment at the maturity of the obligation so that, in the event of a default prior to maturity, there might not be a market and thus no means of realizing on the obligation prior to maturity. Guarantees as to the timely payment of principal and interest do not extend to the value or yield of these securities nor to the value of a Fund’s shares.

 

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INFORMATION ABOUT THE INDEXES

The investment objective of the Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF (the “Fund”) is to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Reality Shares Implied U.S. Dividend Growth Index (the “U.S. Index”). The U.S. Index consists of any combination of long positions in U.S. large capitalization equity securities and ETFs designed to track the performance of U.S. large capitalization equity securities and long and short positions in options based on U.S. large capitalization equity securities and indexes comprised of U.S. large capitalization equity securities such as the S&P 500 Index and NASDAQ 100 Index. The combination of such investments is intended to isolate the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S. large capitalization equity securities reflected in the U.S. Index while at the same time attempting to minimize the impact of changes in the trading price of such securities.

The investment objective of the Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF is to track the performance, before fees and expenses, of the Reality Shares Implied Global Dividend Growth Index (the “Global Index” and together with the U.S. Index, the “Indexes” and each, an “Index”). The Global Index consists of any combination of long positions in U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) designed to track the performance of U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities and long and short positions in options based on U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities and indexes comprised of U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities such as the S&P 500 Index, Euro Stoxx 50 Index and Nikkei 225 Index. The combination of such investments is intended to isolate the growth of the level of the dividends expected to be paid on the U.S., European and Japanese large capitalization equity securities reflected in the Global Index while at the same time attempting to minimize the impact of changes in the trading price of such securities.

The Indexes are created using proprietary methodology developed by Reality Shares, Inc. (the “Index Provider”). The Index Provider is the parent company of the Adviser.

INVESTMENT LIMITATIONS

The following are fundamental and non-fundamental policies of the Funds. The percentage limitations (except for the limitation on borrowing) set forth below will apply at the time of the purchase of a security and shall not be violated unless an excess or deficiency occurs, immediately after or as a result of a purchase of such security.

Fundamental Policies

The following investment limitations are fundamental policies of the Funds, which cannot be changed with respect to a Fund without the consent of the holders of a majority of the Fund’s outstanding shares. The term “majority of outstanding shares” means the vote of: (i) 67% or more of a Fund’s shares present at a meeting, if more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (ii) more than 50% of a Fund’s outstanding shares, whichever is less.

 

  1. Each Fund may make loans, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

  2. Each Fund may borrow money, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

  3. Each Fund may not issue senior securities, as such term is defined under the 1940 Act, the rules or regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as amended or interpreted from time to time, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

  4. Purchase the securities of any issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities) if, as a result, more than 25% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in the securities of companies whose principal business activities are in the same industry, except that each of the Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF and Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF will invest more than 25% of its total assets in securities of the same industry to approximately the same extent that the Fund’s respective Index concentrates in the securities of a particular industry or group of industries.

 

  5. Each Fund may purchase or sell commodities and real estate, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

  6. Each Fund may underwrite securities issued by other persons, except as prohibited under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time.

 

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Non-Fundamental Policies

The Funds observe the following policies, which are not deemed fundamental and which may be changed by the Board without shareholder vote.

 

  1. Each Fund may not hold illiquid securities in an amount exceeding, in the aggregate, 15% of such Fund’s net assets.

 

  2. Each Fund may not borrow money (i) in an amount exceeding 33 1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed, but excluding temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets) and (ii) other than from a bank, provided that investment strategies that either obligate the Fund to purchase securities or require the Fund to cover a position by segregating assets or entering into an offsetting position shall not be subject to this limitation.

 

  3. Each Fund may not lend any security or make any other loan if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other parties (this restriction does not apply to purchases of debt securities or repurchase agreements).

 

  4. Each Fund may not invest in unmarketable interests in real estate limited partnerships or invest directly in real estate. Each Fund may not purchase or sell or invest directly in real estate unless acquired as a result of its ownership in securities or other investments and except pursuant to the exercise of its rights under loan agreements related to its investments or to the extent that its investments in senior loans or bank loans may be considered to be investments in real estate. For the avoidance of doubt, the foregoing policy does not prevent the Fund from, among other things; purchasing marketable securities of companies that deal in real estate or interests therein (including REITs).

 

  5. Each Fund may purchase or sell financial and physical commodities, commodity contracts based on (or relating to) physical commodities or financial commodities and securities and derivative instruments whose values are derived from (in whole or in part) physical commodities or financial commodities.

 

  6. Each of the Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF and Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF may not change its investment strategy to invest at least 80% of its total assets (exclusive of collateral held from securities lending, if any) in the component securities of its Index without 60 days’ prior notice to shareholders.

The following descriptions of the 1940 Act may assist shareholders in understanding the above policies and restrictions.

Diversification. Under the 1940 Act, a diversified investment management company, as to 75% of its total assets, may not purchase securities of any issuer (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agents or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies) if, as a result, more than 5% of its total assets would be invested in the securities of such issuer, or more than 10% of the issuer’s outstanding voting securities would be held by the fund.

The Funds are non-diversified investment management companies. This means that a relatively high percentage of each Fund’s assets may be invested in the obligations of a limited number of issuers. The value of the shares of each Fund may be more susceptible to any single economic, political or regulatory occurrence than the shares of a diversified investment company would be. The Funds intend to satisfy the diversification requirements necessary to qualify as regulated investment companies under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), which requires in part that the Funds be diversified ( i.e. , not invest more than 5% of their assets in the securities in any one issuer) as to 50% of their assets.

Concentration. The SEC has presently defined concentration as investing 25% or more of an investment company’s net assets in an industry or group of industries, with certain exceptions.

 

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Borrowing. The 1940 Act presently allows a fund to borrow from any bank (including pledging, mortgaging or hypothecating assets) in an amount up to 33 1 / 3 % of its total assets, including the amount borrowed (not including temporary borrowings not in excess of 5% of its total assets).

Senior Securities. Senior securities may include any obligation or instrument issued by a fund evidencing indebtedness. The 1940 Act generally prohibits funds from issuing senior securities, although it does not treat certain transactions as senior securities, such as certain borrowings, short sales, reverse repurchase agreements, firm commitment agreements and standby commitments, with appropriate earmarking or segregation of assets to cover such obligation.

Lending. Under the 1940 Act, a fund may only make loans if expressly permitted by its investment policies. Each Fund’s non-fundamental investment policy on lending is set forth above.

Underwriting. Under the 1940 Act, underwriting securities involves a fund purchasing securities directly from an issuer for the purpose of selling (distributing) them or participating in any such activity either directly or indirectly. Under the 1940 Act, a diversified fund may not make any commitment as underwriter, if immediately thereafter the amount of its outstanding underwriting commitments, plus the value of its investments in securities of issuers (other than investment companies) of which it owns more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities, exceeds 25% of the value of its total assets.

Real Estate. The 1940 Act does not directly restrict a fund’s ability to invest in real estate, but does require that every fund have a fundamental investment policy governing such investments. The Funds have adopted a fundamental policy that would permit direct investment in real estate. However, the Funds have a non-fundamental investment limitation that prohibits them from investing directly in real estate. This non-fundamental policy may be changed only by vote of the Board.

CONTINUOUS OFFERING

The method by which Creation Units are created and traded may raise certain issues under applicable securities laws. Because new Creation Units of shares are issued and sold by the Funds on an ongoing basis, at any point a “distribution,” as such term is used in the 1933 Act, may occur. Broker-dealers and other persons are cautioned that some activities on their part may, depending on the circumstances, result in their being deemed participants in a distribution in a manner which could render them statutory underwriters and subject them to the prospectus delivery requirement and liability provisions of the 1933 Act.

For example, a broker-dealer firm or its client may be deemed a statutory underwriter if it takes Creation Units after placing an order with the Distributor (as defined below), breaks them down into constituent shares, and sells such shares directly to customers, or if it chooses to couple the creation of a supply of new shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary market demand for shares. A determination of whether one is an underwriter for purposes of the 1933 Act must take into account all the facts and circumstances pertaining to the activities of the broker-dealer or its client in the particular case, and the examples mentioned above should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could lead to a categorization as an underwriter.

Broker-dealer firms should also note that dealers who are not “underwriters,” but are effecting transactions in shares, whether or not participating in the distribution of shares, are generally required to deliver a prospectus. This is because the prospectus delivery exemption in Section 4(3) of the 1933 Act is not available with respect to such transactions as a result of Section 24(d) of the 1940 Act. Firms that incur a prospectus-delivery obligation with respect to shares are reminded that, under Rule 153 of the 1933 Act, a prospectus-delivery obligation under Section 5(b)(2) of the 1933 Act owed to an exchange member in connection with a sale on an exchange is satisfied by the fact that the prospectus is available at the exchange upon request. The prospectus delivery mechanism provided in Rule 153 is only available with respect to transactions on an exchange.

 

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EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING

The shares of each Fund will trade on its Exchange at prices that may differ to some degree from such Fund’s NAV. There can be no assurance that the requirements of an Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of shares will continue to be met. An Exchange may, but is not required to, remove the shares of a Fund from listing if: (i) following the initial 12-month period beginning at the commencement of trading of the Fund, there are fewer than 50 beneficial owners of the shares of the Fund for 30 or more consecutive trading days; (ii) the value of a Fund’s Index is no longer calculated or available; or (iii) such other event shall occur or condition exist that, in the opinion of an Exchange, makes further dealings on the Exchange inadvisable. An Exchange will remove the shares of a Fund from listing and trading upon termination of the Fund.

As in the case of other stocks traded on an Exchange, broker’s commissions on purchases or sales of shares in market transactions will be based on negotiated commission rates at customary levels.

THE ADMINISTRATOR

General. [To be inserted] (the “Administrator”), a [corporate form/jurisdiction], has its principal business offices at [Address]. The Administrator also serves as the transfer agent for the Funds.

Administration Agreement with the Trust. The Trust and the Administrator have entered into an administration and accounting agreement (the “Administration Agreement”). Under the Administration Agreement, the Administrator provides the Trust with administrative services or employs certain other parties, including its affiliates, who provide such services, including regulatory reporting and all necessary office space, equipment, personnel and facilities. The Administration Agreement provides that the Administrator shall not be liable for any loss suffered by the Trust in connection with the matters to which the Administration Agreement relates, except a loss resulting from negligence, willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on the part of the Administrator in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard of its duties and obligations thereunder or from breach of any representation or warranty contained in the Administration Agreement .

The Administration Agreement shall remain effective for the initial term of the Agreement and each renewal term thereof unless earlier terminated: (i) by a vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust on not less than 60 days’ written notice to the Administrator; or (ii) by the Administrator on not less than 90 days’ written notice to the Trust.

Administration Fees. For its administrative services, the Administrator receives a fee, which is calculated based upon the aggregate average daily net assets of the Trust and paid monthly by the Adviser at the following annual rates:

 

Fund

   Administration Fee  

Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF

     [XX ]% 

Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF

     [XX ]% 

Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF

     [XX ]% 

THE ADVISER

General. Reality Shares Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) was founded in 2013 and is a Delaware limited liability company. The principal business address of the Adviser is 402 West Broadway, Suite 2800, San Diego, California 92101.

Advisory Agreement. The Trust and the Advisor have entered into an investment advisory agreement (the “Advisory Agreement”). Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Advisor oversees the investment advisory services provided to the Funds.

The Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard of its obligations or duties thereunder.

 

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After its initial two year term, the continuance of the Investment Advisory Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually: (i) by the vote of a majority of the outstanding shares of that Fund or by the Trustees; and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to the Investment Advisory Agreement or “interested persons” (as defined under the 1940 Act) of any party thereto, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Investment Advisory Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Trustees of the Trust or, with respect to a Fund, by a majority of the outstanding shares of that Fund, on not less than 30 days’ nor more than 60 days’ written notice to the Adviser, or by the Adviser, on 90 days’ written notice to the Trust.

Management Fees. For these advisory services, the Adviser receives a fee, which is calculated daily and paid monthly at the following annual rates (shown as a percentage of the average daily net assets of each Fund):

 

Fund

   Management Fee  

Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF

     [XX ]% 

Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF

     [XX ]% 

Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF

     [XX ]% 

The Adviser is responsible, under the investment advisory agreement, for substantially all expenses of the Fund, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services. The Adviser is not responsible for, and the Fund will bear the cost of, interest expense, taxes, brokerage expenses and other expenses connected with the execution of portfolio securities transactions, distribution fees and extraordinary expenses.

As of the date of this SAI, the Funds had not commenced operations, and therefore did not pay any fees to the Adviser.

Portfolio Management

Compensation. The Fund’s portfolio manager receives a majority of his compensation from his direct equity ownership in the Adviser and therefore compensation is based in part on the long-term success of the Fund, other client accounts and the Adviser as a whole. The amount of such compensation is based on the proportionate amount of the portfolio manager’s ownership, and is paid out periodically as determined by the Adviser’s Board of Directors. The Fund’s portfolio manager also receives a fixed annual salary.

Ownership of Fund Shares. Because the Funds are new, as of the date of this SAI, the portfolio manager did not beneficially own shares of the Funds.

Other Accounts. As of [DATE], 2013, in addition to the Funds, the portfolio manager was responsible for the day-to-day management of any accounts other than the Funds.

DISTRIBUTION AND SHAREHOLDER SERVICING

The Trust and [              ] (the “Distributor”), are parties to a distribution agreement (“Distribution Agreement”), whereby the Distributor acts as principal underwriter for the Trust’s shares. The principal business address of the Distributor is [insert address].

The continuance of the Distribution Agreement must be specifically approved at least annually (i) by the vote of the Trustees or by a vote of the shareholders of the Funds and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees who are not “interested persons” of the Trust and have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operations of the Distribution Agreement or any related agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreement will terminate automatically in the event of its assignment (as such term is defined in the 1940

 

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Act), and is terminable at any time without penalty by the Board or, with respect to the Funds, by a majority of the outstanding shares of the Funds, upon not more than 60 days’ written notice by either party. The Distribution Agreement provides that the Distributor shall not be protected against any liability to the Trust or its shareholders by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence on its part in the performance of its duties or from reckless disregard of its obligations or duties thereunder.

TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS OF THE TRUST

Board Responsibilities. The management and affairs of the Trust and its series, including the Funds described in this SAI, are overseen by the Trustees. The Board has approved contracts, as described above, under which certain companies provide essential management services to the Trust.

Like most ETFs, the day-to-day business of the Trust, including the management of risk, is performed by third party service providers, such as the Adviser, Distributor and Administrator. The Trustees are responsible for overseeing the Trust’s service providers and, thus, have oversight responsibility with respect to risk management performed by those service providers. Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e. , events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the funds. The Funds and their service providers employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur. Each service provider is responsible for one or more discrete aspects of the Trust’s business ( e.g. , the Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio investments) and, consequently, for managing the risks associated with that business. The Board has emphasized to the Funds’ service providers the importance of maintaining vigorous risk management.

The Trustees’ role in risk oversight begins before the inception of a Fund, at which time certain of the Fund’s service providers present the Board with information concerning the investment objectives, strategies and risks of the Fund as well as proposed investment limitations for the Fund. Additionally, the Adviser provides the Board with an overview of, among other things, its investment philosophy, brokerage practices and compliance infrastructure. Thereafter, the Board continues its oversight function as various personnel, including the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer, as well as personnel of the Adviser and other service providers, such as the Fund’s independent accountants, make periodic reports to the Audit Committee or to the Board with respect to various aspects of risk management. The Board and the Audit Committee oversee efforts by management and service providers to manage risks to which the Funds may be exposed.

The Board is responsible for overseeing the nature, extent and quality of the services provided to the Funds by the Adviser and receives information about those services at its regular meetings. In addition, on an annual basis, in connection with its consideration of whether to renew the advisory agreement with the Adviser, the Board meets with the Adviser to review such services. Among other things, the Board regularly considers the Adviser’s adherence to the Funds’ investment restrictions and compliance with various Fund policies and procedures and with applicable securities regulations. The Board also reviews information about the Funds’ investments, including, for example, portfolio holdings schedules and reports on the Adviser’s use of derivatives in managing the Funds.

The Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer reports regularly to the Board to review and discuss compliance issues and fund and adviser risk assessments. At least annually, the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer provides the Board with a report reviewing the adequacy and effectiveness of the Trust’s policies and procedures and those of its service providers, including the Adviser. The report addresses the operation of the policies and procedures of the Trust and each service provider since the date of the last report; any material changes to the policies and procedures since the date of the last report; any recommendations for material changes to the policies and procedures; and any material compliance matters since the date of the last report.

The Board receives reports from the Funds’ service providers regarding the valuation and liquidity of portfolio securities. The Trust’s Fair Value Pricing Committee makes regular reports to the Board concerning investments for which market quotations are not readily available. Annually, the independent registered public accounting firm reviews with the Audit Committee its audit of the Funds’ financial statements, focusing on major areas of risk encountered by the Funds and noting any significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in the Funds’ internal controls. Additionally, in connection with its oversight function, the Board oversees Fund management’s implementation of disclosure controls and procedures, which are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Trust in its periodic reports with the SEC are

 

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recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the required time periods. The Board, in consultation with Fund management, also oversees the Trust’s internal controls over financial reporting, which comprise policies and procedures designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of the Trust’s financial reporting and the preparation of the Trust’s financial statements.

From their review of these reports and discussions with the Adviser, the Chief Compliance Officer, the independent registered public accounting firm and other service providers, the Board and the Audit Committee learn about the material risks of the Funds, thereby facilitating a dialogue about how management and service providers identify and mitigate those risks.

The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Funds can be identified and/or quantified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Funds’ goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness. Moreover, reports received by the Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information. Most of the Funds’ investment management and business affairs are carried out by or through the Adviser and other service providers, each of which has an independent interest in risk management but whose policies and the methods by which one or more risk management functions are carried out may differ from the Funds’ and each other’s in the setting of priorities, the resources available or the effectiveness of relevant controls. As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s ability to monitor and manage risk, as a practical matter, is subject to limitations.

Members of the Board. There are [              ] members of the Board of Trustees, [              ] of whom are not interested persons of the Trust, as that term is defined in the 1940 Act (“independent Trustees”). [              ] serves as Chairman of the Board. The Trust has determined its leadership structure is appropriate given the specific characteristics and circumstances of the Trust. The Trust made this determination in consideration of, among other things, the fact that the independent Trustees constitute a majority of the Board, the fact that the chairperson of each Committee of the Board is an independent Trustee, the amount of assets under management in the Trust, and the number of Funds overseen by the Board. The Board also believes that its leadership structure facilitates the orderly and efficient flow of information to the independent Trustees from Fund management.

The Board of Trustees has two standing committees: the Audit Committee and Governance. The Audit Committee and Governance Committee are chaired by an independent Trustee and composed of all of the independent Trustees.

Set forth below are the names, dates of birth, position with the Trust, length of term of office, and the principal occupations and other directorships held during at least the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as a Trustee of the Trust. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each Trustee is [              ].

 

Name and Date

of Birth

  

Position with

Trust and Length

of Term

  

Principal Occupations

in the Past 5 Years

  

Other Directorships Held in the

Past 5 Years

Interested Trustees 1

        

Eric Ervin

   [To be inserted]      

Independent Trustees

        

[To be inserted]

        

 

1 Denotes Trustees who may be deemed to be “interested” persons of the Funds as that term is defined in the 1940 Act by virtue of their affiliation with the Adviser and/or its affiliates.

 

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Individual Trustee Qualifications. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve on the Board because of his or her ability to review and understand information about the Fund(s) provided to them by management, to identify and request other information they may deem relevant to the performance of their duties, to question management and other service providers regarding material factors bearing on the management and administration of the Fund(s), and to exercise their business judgment in a manner that serves the best interests of the Funds’/Fund’s shareholders. The Trust has concluded that each of the Trustees should serve as a Trustee based on their own experience, qualifications, attributes and skills as described below.

[INSERT TRUSTEE DISCUSSIONS]

In its periodic assessment of the effectiveness of the Board, the Board considers the complementary individual skills and experience of the individual Trustees primarily in the broader context of the Board’s overall composition so that the Board, as a body, possesses the appropriate (and appropriately diverse) skills and experience to oversee the business of the funds.

Board Standing Committees. The Board has established the following standing committees:

Audit Committee . The Board has a standing Audit Committee that is composed of each of the independent Trustees of the Trust. The Audit Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibilities of the Audit Committee include: (i) recommending which firm to engage as each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and whether to terminate this relationship; (ii) reviewing the independent registered public accounting firm’s compensation, the proposed scope and terms of its engagement, and the firm’s independence; (iii) pre-approving audit and non-audit services provided by each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm to the Trust and certain other affiliated entities; (iv) serving as a channel of communication between the independent registered public accounting firm and the Trustees; (v) reviewing the results of each external audit, including any qualifications in the independent registered public accounting firm’s opinion, any related management letter, management’s responses to recommendations made by the independent registered public accounting firm in connection with the audit, reports submitted to the Committee by the internal auditing department of the Trust’s Administrator that are material to the Trust as a whole, if any, and management’s responses to any such reports; (vi) reviewing each Fund’s audited financial statements and considering any significant disputes between the Trust’s management and the independent registered public accounting firm that arose in connection with the preparation of those financial statements; (vii) considering, in consultation with the independent registered public accounting firm and the Trust’s senior internal accounting executive, if any, the independent registered public accounting firms’ reports on the adequacy of the Trust’s internal financial controls; (viii) reviewing, in consultation with each Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm, major changes regarding auditing and accounting principles and practices to be followed when preparing each fund’s financial statements; and (ix) other audit related matters. [Trustees to be inserted] currently serve as members of the Audit Committee. [Trustee to be inserted] serves as the Chairman of the Audit Committee. The Audit Committee meets periodically, as necessary.

Governance Committee . The Board has a standing Governance Committee that is composed of each of the independent Trustees of the Trust. The Governance Committee operates under a written charter approved by the Board. The principal responsibilities of the Governance Committee include: (i) considering and reviewing Board governance and compensation issues; (ii) conducting a self-assessment of the Board’s operations; (iii) selecting and nominating all persons to serve as independent Trustees and evaluating the qualifications of “interested” Trustee candidates; and (iv) reviewing shareholder recommendations for nominations to fill vacancies on the Board if such recommendations are submitted in writing and addressed to the Committee at the Trust’s office. [Trustees to be inserted] currently serve as members of the Governance Committee. [Insert Trustee name] serves as the Chairman of the Governance Committee. The Governance Committee meets periodically, as necessary.

Fund Shares Owned by Board Members. As of the date of this SAI, the Funds had not commenced operations, and therefore no Trustee owns shares of any Fund. The Trust is not part of any “family of investment companies” as such term is defined in
Form N-1A.

Board Compensation. The Trust paid the following fees to the Trustees during its most recently completed fiscal year.

 

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Trustee

  

Estimated Aggregate

Compensation From the Trust

  

Estimated Total Compensation

From the Trust

    

(000)

  

(000)

Interested

     

Eric Ervin

   N/A    N/A

[To be inserted]

     

Independent

     

[To be inserted]

     

Trust Officers. Set forth below are the names, dates of birth, position with the Trust, length of term of office, and the principal occupations for the last five years of each of the persons currently serving as executive officers of the Trust. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each officer is [              ]. The Chief Compliance Officer is the only officer who receives compensation from the Trust for his services.

 

Name and Date of Birth

  

Position with Trust and Length of Term

  

Principal Occupations in Past 5 Years

[To be inserted]

     

BOOK ENTRY ONLY SYSTEM

The following information supplements and should be read in conjunction with the section in the Prospectus entitled “Purchasing and Selling Fund Shares.”

Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) acts as securities depository for each Fund’s shares. Shares of each Fund are represented by securities registered in the name of DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC.

DTC, a limited-purpose trust company, was created to hold securities of its participants (the “DTC Participants”) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities’ certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE and FINRA. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).

Beneficial ownership of shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of shares.

Conveyance of all notices, statements and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. Pursuant to the Depositary Agreement between the Trust and DTC, DTC is required to make available to the Trust upon request and for a fee to be charged to the Trust a listing of the shares of any Fund held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall inquire of each such DTC Participant as to the number of Beneficial Owners holding shares, directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement or other

 

S-21


communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.

Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee, Cede & Co., as the registered holder of all shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in shares of a Fund as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of shares held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.

The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such shares, or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants. DTC may decide to discontinue its service with respect to shares of the Trust at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost.

CREATION AND REDEMPTION OF CREATION UNITS

Purchase (Creation). The Trust issues and sells Shares of each Fund only: (i) in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load (but subject to transaction fees), at the NAV per share next determined after receipt of an order, on any Business Day (as defined below), in proper form.

A “Business Day” with respect to a Fund is, generally, any day on which the NYSE is open for business. As of the date of this SAI, the NYSE observes the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Washington’s Birthday, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.

Fund Deposit. The consideration for purchase of Creation Units of a Fund generally consists of the in-kind deposit of a designated portfolio of equity securities (the “Deposit Securities”) and an amount of cash (the “Cash Component”) computed as described below. Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the “Fund Deposit” for each Fund, which represents the minimum initial and subsequent investment amount for a Creation Unit of a Fund.

The Cash Component is sometimes also referred to as the “Balancing Amount.” The Cash Component is an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the shares (per Creation Unit) and the value of Deposit Securities. If the Cash Component is a positive number, the Authorized Participant will deliver the Cash Component. If the Cash Component is a negative number, the Authorized Participant will receive the Cash Component. The Cash Component does not include any stamp duty tax or other similar fees and expenses payable upon transfer of beneficial ownership of the Deposit Securities. These are the sole responsibility of the Authorized Participant.

In addition, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash ( i.e. , a “cash in lieu” amount) to be added to the Cash Component at its discretion. For example, cash may be substituted to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or that may not be eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC or the Clearing Process (discussed below). The Trust also reserves the right to permit or require a “cash in lieu” amount where the delivery of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant (as described below) would be restricted under the securities laws or where the delivery of the Deposit Security to the Authorized Participant would result in the disposition of the Deposit Security by the Authorized Participant becoming restricted under the securities laws, or in other situations deemed appropriate by the Trust. The Funds reserve the right to use this approach, including issuing and redeeming Creation Units partially in-kind and partially in cash.

 

S-22


Each Fund, through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”), makes available on each Business Day, prior to the opening of business on its Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), the list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security to be included in the current Fund Deposit (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day) for each Fund.

Such Deposit Securities are applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, in order to effect creations of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next-announced composition of the Deposit Securities is made available.

The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities required for a Fund Deposit for each Fund changes from time to time based on a number of factors.

Procedures for Creation of Creation Units. To be eligible to place orders with the Distributor and to create a Creation Unit of a Fund, an entity must be: (i) a “Participating Party,” i.e., a broker-dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC; or (ii) a DTC Participant. In each case, such entity must have executed an agreement with the Distributor with respect to creations and redemptions of Creation Units (“Participant Agreement”). A Participating Party or DTC Participant that has entered a Participation Agreement is referred to as an “Authorized Participant.” Investors should contact the Distributor for the names of Authorized Participants that have signed a Participant Agreement. All shares of a Fund, however created, will be entered on the records of DTC in the name of Cede & Co. for the account of a DTC Participant.

All orders to create shares must be placed for one or more Creation Units. All orders to create Creation Units must be received by the Distributor no later than the closing time of the regular trading session on the relevant Exchange (“Closing Time”) (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on the date such orders are placed in order to receive that day’s NAV. All orders must be received in proper form. The date on which an order to create Creation Units is placed is referred to as the “Transmittal Date.” Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, as described below, which procedures may change from time to time without notice at the discretion of the Trust. Economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure, may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or an Authorized Participant.

All orders to create Creation Units through an Authorized Participant shall be placed with an Authorized Participant, in the form required by such Authorized Participant. In addition, the Authorized Participant may require an investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order, e.g. , to provide for payments of cash, when required. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and, in that case, orders to create Creation Units of a Fund have to be placed by each investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases, there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement and only a small number of such Authorized Participants may have international capabilities.

Those placing orders for Creation Units of the Funds through the Clearing Process should afford sufficient time to permit proper submission of the order to the Distributor prior to the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date. Orders for Creation Units of the Funds that are effected outside the Clearing Process are likely to require transmittal by the DTC Participant earlier on the Transmittal Date than orders effected using the Clearing Process. Those persons placing orders outside the Clearing Process should ascertain the deadlines applicable to DTC and the Federal Reserve Bank wire system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depository institution effectuating such transfer of Deposit Securities and the Cash Component.

Placement of Creation Orders Using the Clearing Process. The Clearing Process is a process commonly used to create or redeem Creation Units of the Funds. Fund Deposits made through the Clearing Process must be delivered through a Participating Party that has executed a Participant Agreement. The Participant Agreement authorizes the Distributor to transmit through [              ] to NSCC, on behalf of the Participating Party, such trade instructions as are necessary to effect

 

S-23


the Participating Party’s creation order. Pursuant to such trade instructions to NSCC, the Participating Party agrees to deliver the requisite Deposit Securities and the Cash Component to the Trust, together with such additional information as may be required by the Distributor. An order to create Creation Units through the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if: (i) such order is received by the Distributor not later than the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date; and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.

Placement of Creation Orders Outside the Clearing Process. Fund Deposits made outside the Clearing Process must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. A DTC Participant who wishes to place an order creating Creation Units to be effected outside the Clearing Process does not need to be a Participating Party, but such orders must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that the creation of Creation Units will instead be effected through a transfer of securities and cash directly through DTC. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the DTC Participant on the Transmittal Date in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities through DTC to the account of the Fund by no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the “Settlement Date.” The Settlement Date is typically the third Business Day following the Transmittal Date. Each Fund reserves the right to settle transactions on a basis other than “T” plus three Business Days ( i.e. , days on which the NYSE is open) (“T+3”). In certain cases Authorized Participants will create and redeem Creation Units of the same Fund on the same trade date. In these instances, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis.

All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities to be delivered, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash equal to the Cash Component must be transferred directly to [              ] through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by [              ] no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Settlement Date. An order to create Creation Units outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if: (i) such order is received by the Distributor not later than the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date; and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. However, if [              ] does not receive both the required Deposit Securities and the Cash Component by 2:00 p.m. on the Settlement Date, such order may be canceled. Upon written notice to the Distributor, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then-current NAV of the Funds. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the Settlement Date.

Creation Units may be created in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of the shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) at least 102%, which the Trust may change from time to time, of the market value of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”) with the Fund pending delivery of any missing Deposit Securities.

If an Authorized Participant determines to post an additional cash deposit as collateral for any undelivered Deposit Securities, such Authorized Participant must deposit with [              ] the appropriate amount of federal funds by 2:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the date of requested settlement. If the Authorized Participant does not place its purchase order by the closing time or [              ] does not receive federal funds in the appropriate amount by such time, then the order may be deemed to be rejected and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to the Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with [              ], pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal to 102%, which the Trust may change from time to time, of the daily marked-to-market value of the missing Deposit Securities. To the extent that missing Deposit Securities are not received by 2:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the Settlement Date or in the event a marked-to-market payment is not made within one Business Day following notification by the Distributor that such a payment is required, the Trust may use the cash on deposit to purchase the missing Deposit Securities.

Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the market value of such Deposit Securities on the transmittal date plus the brokerage and related transaction

 

S-24


costs associated with such purchases, as well as any stamp taxes, income or dividends due. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by [              ] or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust and all related transaction costs and other items, as noted above, have been cleared. In addition, a transaction fee, as listed below, will be charged in all cases. The delivery of Creation Units so created generally will occur no later than the Settlement Date.

Cash Purchases. When, in the sole discretion of the Trust, cash purchases of Creation Units of shares are available or specified for a Fund, such purchases shall be effected in essentially the same manner as in-kind purchases thereof. In the case of a cash purchase, the Authorized Participant must pay the cash equivalent of the Deposit Securities it would otherwise be required to provide through an in-kind purchase, plus the same Cash Component required to be paid by an in-kind purchaser. In addition, to offset brokerage and other costs associated with using cash to purchase the requisite Deposit Securities, the Authorized Participant must pay the Transaction Fees required by each Fund. If the Authorized Participant acts as a broker for the Fund in connection with the purchase of Deposit Securities, the Authorized Participant will also be required to pay certain brokerage commissions, taxes, and transaction and market impact costs as discussed under the heading “Brokerage Transactions” herein.

Acceptance of Orders of Creation Units. The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject or revoke acceptance of a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor with respect to either Fund. Orders may be rejected and acceptance may be revoked if, for example: (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of any Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered are not the same as those disseminated through the facilities of the NSCC for that date by the Fund as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust or the Adviser, have an adverse effect on the Trust or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, [              ], the Distributor or the Adviser make it for all practical purposes impossible to process creation orders. Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Adviser, the Distributor, DTC, NSCC, [              ] or a sub-custodian or any other participant in the creation process and similar extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of the creator of a Creation Unit of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, [             ] , a sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.

All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.

Creation/Redemption Transaction Fee. Each Fund imposes a “Transaction Fee” on investors purchasing or redeeming Creation Units. The purpose of the Transaction Fee is to protect the existing shareholders of the Fund from the dilutive costs associated with the purchase and redemption of Creation Units. Where a Fund permits cash creations (or redemptions) or cash in lieu of depositing one or more Deposit Securities, the purchaser (or redeemer) may be assessed a higher Transaction Fee to offset the transaction cost to the Fund of buying (or selling) those particular Deposit Securities. Transaction Fees will differ for each Fund, depending on the transaction expenses related to each Fund’s portfolio securities, and will be limited to amounts that have been determined by the Adviser to be appropriate. The maximum Transaction Fee, as set forth in the table below for each Fund, may be charged in cases where a Fund permits cash or cash in lieu of Deposit Securities. Investors purchasing or redeeming through the DTC process generally will pay a higher Transaction Fee than will investors doing so through the NSCC process. Also, investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary may be charged a fee for such services, in addition to the Transaction Fee imposed by a Fund.

The following table sets forth the approximate value of one Creation Unit per Fund, and the standard and maximum creation and redemption transaction fee for each of the Funds. These fees may be changed by the Trust.

 

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Fund

   Standard
Creation/Redemption
Transaction Fee
    Maximum
Creation/Redemption
Transaction Fee
 

Reality Shares Isolated U.S. Dividend Growth Index ETF

   $ [                $ [             

Reality Shares Isolated Global Dividend Growth Index ETF

   $ [                $ [             

Reality Shares Isolated Dividend Growth ETF

   $ [                $ [             

Placement of Redemption Orders Using the Clearing Process. Orders to redeem Creation Units through the Clearing Process must be delivered through a Participating Party that has executed the Participant Agreement. Except as described herein, an order to redeem Creation Units using the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Trust on the Transmittal Date if: (i) such order is received by [              ] (in its capacity as Transfer Agent) not later than the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date, and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. Such order will be effected based on the NAV of the Fund as next determined. The considerations for redemption of Creation Units of a Fund generally consists of (i) a designated portfolio of in-kind [equity securities] that closely approximate the holdings of the Fund (the “Fund Securities”) and (ii) an amount of cash denominated in U.S. dollars (the “Cash Redemptions Amount”) as described below. The requisite Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount generally will be transferred by the third NSCC Business Day following the date on which such request for redemption is deemed received.

Placement of Redemption Orders Outside the Clearing Process. Orders to redeem Creation Units outside the Clearing Process must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed the Participant Agreement. An order to redeem Creation Units outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Trust on the Transmittal Date if: (i) such order is received by [              ] (in its capacity as Transfer Agent) not later than the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date; (ii) such order is accompanied or followed by the requisite number of shares of the Fund specified in such order, which delivery must be made through DTC to [              ] no later than 11:00 a.m., Eastern time, on the contracted settlement date; and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. After the Trust has deemed an order for redemption outside the Clearing Process received, the Trust will initiate procedures to transfer the requisite Fund Securities which are expected to be delivered within three Business Days and the Cash Redemption Amount to the Authorized Participant on behalf of the redeeming Beneficial Owner by the Settlement Date. In certain cases Authorized Participants will redeem and create Creation Units of the same Fund on the same trade date. In these instances, the Trust reserves the right to settle these transactions on a net basis.

General Redemption Procedures. An Authorized Participant submitting a redemption request is deemed to represent to the Trust that it (or its client) (i) owns outright or has full legal authority and legal beneficial right to tender for redemption the requisite number of shares to be redeemed and can receive the entire proceeds of the redemption, and (ii) the shares to be redeemed have not been loaned or pledged to another party nor are they the subject of a repurchase agreement, securities lending agreement or such other arrangement which would preclude the delivery of such shares to the Trust. The Trust reserves the right to verify these representations at its discretion. If the Authorized Participant, upon receipt of a verification request, does not provide sufficient verification of its representations as determined by the Trust, the redemption request will not be considered to have been received in proper form and may be rejected by the Trust.

If the requisite number of shares of the Fund is not delivered on the Transmittal Date as described above, the Fund may reject or revoke acceptance of the redemption request because the Authorized Participant has not satisfied all of the settlement requirements.

The current procedures for collateralization of missing shares require, among other things, that any cash collateral shall be in the form of U.S. dollars in immediately available funds and shall be held by [              ] and marked-to-market daily, and that the fees of [              ] and any sub-custodians in respect of the delivery, maintenance and redelivery of the cash collateral shall be payable by the Authorized Participant. The Authorized Participant’s agreement will permit the Trust, on behalf of the affected Fund, to purchase the missing shares or acquire the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component underlying such shares at any time and will subject the Authorized Participant to liability for any shortfall between the cost to the Trust of purchasing such shares, Deposit Securities or Cash Component and the value of the collateral as well as any transaction costs, stamp taxes, income or dividends due.

 

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The calculation of the value of the Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered upon redemption will be made by [              ] according to the procedures set forth under Determination of NAV computed on the Business Day on which a redemption order is deemed received by the Trust. Therefore, if a redemption order in proper form is submitted [              ] by a DTC Participant not later than the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date, and the requisite number of shares of the relevant Fund are delivered to [              ] prior to the DTC cut-off time, then the value of the Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered will be determined by [              ] on such Transmittal Date. If, however, a redemption order is submitted to [              ] by a DTC Participant not later than the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date but either (i) the requisite number of shares of the relevant Fund are not delivered by the DTC cut-off-time on such Transmittal Date, or (ii) the redemption order is not submitted in proper form, then the redemption order will not be deemed received as of the Transmittal Date. In such case, the value of the Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered will be computed on the Business Day that such order is deemed received by the Trust on which the shares of the relevant Fund are delivered through DTC to [              ] by the DTC cut-off-time on such Business Day pursuant to a properly submitted redemption order.

A Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities but does not differ in NAV.

Redemptions of shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and each Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Units for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular stock included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of a Creation Units may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming Beneficial Owner of the shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment.

Cash Redemptions. A Fund may pay out the proceeds of redemptions of Creation Units solely in cash or through any combination of cash or securities. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its shares based on the NAV of shares of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified above, to offset the Trust’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). Proceeds will be paid to the Authorized Participant redeeming shares on behalf of the redeeming investor as soon as practicable after the date of redemption. If the Authorized Participant acts as a broker for the Fund in connection with the sale of Fund Securities, the Authorized Participant will also be required to pay certain brokerage commissions, taxes, and transaction and market impact costs as discussed under the heading “Brokerage Transactions” herein.

In-Kind Redemptions. The ability of the Trust to effect in-kind creations and redemptions is subject, among other things, to the condition that, within the time period from the date of the order to the date of delivery of the securities, there are no days that are holidays in the applicable foreign market. For every occurrence of one or more intervening holidays in the applicable foreign market that are not holidays observed in the U.S. equity market, the redemption settlement cycle may be extended by the number of such intervening holidays. In addition to holidays, other unforeseeable closings in a foreign market due to emergencies may also prevent the Trust from delivering securities within the normal settlement period. The Funds will not suspend or postpone redemption beyond seven days, except as permitted under Section 22(e) of the 1940 Act. Section 22(e) provides that the right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed with respect to any Fund (1) for any period during which the New York Stock Exchange (the “NYSE”) is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (2) for any period during which trading on the NYSE is suspended or restricted; (3) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of which disposal of the shares of the Fund’s portfolio securities or determination of its net asset value is not reasonably practicable; or (4) in such other circumstance as is permitted by the SEC.

 

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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE

The NAV of each Fund’s shares is calculated each day the NYSE is open for trading as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE, generally 4:00 p.m. New York time (the “NAV Calculation Time”). NAV per share is calculated by dividing a Fund’s net assets by the number of Fund shares outstanding.

In calculating a Fund’s NAV, Fund investments generally are valued using market valuations. Short-term debt securities with remaining maturities of sixty (60) days or less are valued on the basis of amortized cost, which approximates fair value. U.S. fixed income assets may be valued as of the announced closing time for such securities on any day that the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association announces an early closing time. The values of any assets or liabilities of a Fund that are denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar are converted into U.S. dollars using an exchange rate deemed appropriate by the Fund.

In certain instances, such as when reliable market valuations are not readily available or are not deemed to reflect current market values, a Fund’s investments will be valued in accordance with the Fund’s pricing policy and procedures. Securities that may be valued using “fair value” pricing may include, but are not limited to, securities for which there are no current market quotations or whose issuer is in default or bankruptcy, securities subject to corporate actions (such as mergers or reorganizations), securities subject to non-U.S. investment limits or currency controls, and securities affected by “significant events.” An example of a significant event is an event occurring after the close of the market in which a security trades but before a Fund’s next NAV Calculation Time that may materially affect the value of a Fund’s investment (e.g., government action, natural disaster, or significant market fluctuation). Price movements in U.S. markets that are deemed to affect the value of foreign securities, or reflect changes to the value of such securities, also may cause securities to be “fair valued.”

When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a Fund to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.

Fund shares are purchased or sold on a national securities exchange at market prices, which may be higher or lower than NAV. No secondary sales will be made to brokers or dealers at a concession by the Distributor or by a Fund. Purchases and sales of shares in the secondary market, which will not involve a Fund, will be subject to customary brokerage commissions and charges. Transactions in Fund shares will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem shares directly from a Fund in Creation Units.

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

The Board has delegated responsibility for decisions regarding proxy voting for securities held by a Fund to the Adviser. The Adviser will vote such proxies in accordance with its proxy policies and procedures, which are included in Appendix B to this SAI.

The Trust is required to disclose annually the Funds’ complete proxy voting record on Form N-PX covering the period from July 1 of one year through June 30 of the next and to file Form N-PX with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) no later than August 31 of each year. The current Form N-PX for the Funds, when filed, may be obtained at no charge upon request by calling [              ] or by visiting the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov .

TAXES

The following is only a summary of certain additional federal tax considerations generally affecting the Funds and their shareholders that are not described in the Funds’ Prospectus. No attempt is made to present a detailed explanation of the federal, state, local or foreign tax treatment of the Funds or their shareholders and the discussion here and in the Funds’ Prospectus is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.

This discussion of federal income tax consequences is based on the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”) and the regulations issued thereunder as in effect on the date of this Statement of Additional Information. New legislation, as well as administrative changes or court decisions, may significantly change the conclusions expressed herein and may have a retroactive effect with respect to the transactions contemplated herein.

 

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Qualification as a Regulated Investment Company and Taxation of the Funds . Each Fund is treated as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes and is not combined with the Trust’s other Funds. Each Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company (“RIC”) under Subchapter M of the Code so that it will be relieved of federal income tax on that part of its income that is timely distributed to shareholders. In order to qualify for treatment as a RIC, a Fund must distribute annually to its shareholders at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (generally, net investment income plus the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital losses) (“Distribution Requirement”) and also must meet several additional requirements.

Among these requirements are the following: (i) at least 90% of a Fund’s gross income each taxable year must be derived from dividends, interest, payments with respect to certain securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of stock, securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including, but not limited to, gains from options, futures or forward contracts) derived with respect to its business of investing in such stock, securities or currencies and net income derived from an interest in a qualified publicly traded partnership (the “Qualifying Income Test”); (ii) at the close of each quarter of a Fund’s taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets must be represented by cash and cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other RICs and other securities, with such other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of a Fund’s assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer; and (iii) at the close of each quarter of a Fund’s taxable year, not more than 25% of the value of its assets may be invested in securities (other than U.S. Government securities or the securities of other RICs) of any one issuer or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same, similar or related trades or businesses, or the securities of one or more qualified publicly traded partnerships.

If a Fund fails to satisfy the qualifying income or diversification requirements in any taxable year, the Fund may be eligible for relief provisions if the failures are due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect and if a penalty tax is paid with respect to each failure to satisfy the applicable requirements. Additionally, relief is provided for certain de minimis failures of the diversification requirements where the Fund corrects the failure within a specified period. If a Fund fails to qualify as a RIC for any year, and the relief provisions are not available, all of its income will be subject to federal income tax at regular corporate rates without any deduction for distributions to shareholders. In such case, its shareholders would generally be taxed as if they received ordinary dividends, although corporate shareholders could be eligible for the dividends received deduction and individuals may be able to benefit from the lower tax rates available to qualified dividend income. In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest and make substantial distributions before requalifying as a RIC. The Board reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of a Fund as a RIC if it determines such course of action to be beneficial to shareholders.

A Fund may elect to treat part or all of any “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in determining the Fund’s taxable income, net capital gain, net short-term capital gain, and earnings and profits. The effect of this election is to treat any such “qualified late year loss” as if it had been incurred in the succeeding taxable year in characterizing Fund distributions for any calendar. A “qualified late year loss” generally includes net capital loss, net long-term capital loss, or net short-term capital loss incurred after October 31 of the current taxable year (commonly referred to as “post-October losses”) and certain other late-year losses.

The treatment of capital loss carryovers for RICs is similar to the rules that apply to capital loss carryovers of individuals and provide that such losses are carried over by a Fund indefinitely. Thus, if a Fund has a “net capital loss” (that is, capital losses in excess of capital gains) the excess of a Fund’s net short-term capital losses over its net long-term capital gains is treated as a short-term capital loss arising on the first day of such Fund’s next taxable year, and the excess (if any) of the Fund’s net long-term capital losses over its net short-term capital gains is treated as a long-term capital loss arising on the first day of the Fund’s next taxable year.

Excise Taxes . Notwithstanding the Distribution Requirement described above, which only requires a Fund to distribute at least 90% of its annual investment company taxable income and does not require any minimum distribution of net capital gain, a Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% federal excise tax to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year at least 98% of its ordinary income for that year and 98.2% of its capital gain net income (the excess of

 

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short- and long-term capital gain over short- and long-term capital loss) for the one-year period ending on October 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts. Each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions to avoid liability for the federal excise tax, but can make no assurances that such tax will be completely eliminated. A Fund may in certain circumstances be required to liquidate Fund investments in order to make sufficient distributions to avoid federal excise tax liability at a time when the investment advisor might not otherwise have chosen to do so, and liquidation of investments in such circumstances may affect the ability of a Fund to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a RIC.

Fund Distributions. If you are subject to tax, distributions of net short-term capital gains will be taxable to you as ordinary income. In general, distributions by a Fund of investment company taxable income, if any, whether received in cash or additional shares, will be taxable to you as ordinary income (to the extent of the current or accumulated earnings and profits of the Fund). All or a portion of these distributions (excluding net short-term capital gains) may be treated as qualified dividend income (eligible for the reduced maximum rate to individuals of 20% (lower rates apply to individuals in lower tax brackets)) to the extent that a Fund receives qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and certain foreign corporations (e.g., foreign corporations incorporated in a possession of the United States or in certain countries with a comprehensive tax treaty with the United States, or the stock of which is readily tradable on an established securities market in the United States). In order for the dividends received by a Fund shareholder to be qualified dividend income, the Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the dividend paying stocks in its portfolio, and the shareholder must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to the Fund’s shares. Distributions received by a Fund from another RIC (including an ETF that is taxable as a RIC) will be treated as qualified dividend income only to the extent so designated by such RIC. If you lend your Fund Shares, such as pursuant to securities lending arrangement, you may lose the ability to treat dividends (paid while the Shares are held by the borrower) as qualified dividend income. For non-corporate shareholders, long-term capital gains are taxed at a maximum rate of 20% and short-term capital gains are currently taxed at ordinary income tax rates.

In the case of corporate shareholders, a Fund’s distributions (other than capital gains distributions) generally qualify for the dividends-received deduction to the extent of the gross amount of qualifying dividends received by the Fund for the year. Generally, and subject to certain limitations (including certain holding period limitations), a dividend will be treated as a qualifying dividend if it has been received from a domestic corporation. All dividends (including the deducted portion) must be included in your alternative minimum taxable income calculation.

To the extent that a Fund makes distributions of income received by the Fund in lieu of dividends (a “substitute payment”) with respect to securities on loan pursuant to a securities lending transaction, such income will not constitute qualified dividend income to individual shareholders and will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction for corporate shareholders

A Fund may receive dividend income from direct investments in the equity securities of issuers of certain indexes such as the S&P 500, Euro Stoxx 50, Nikkei 225, as well as from investments in other ETFs designed to track the performance of the securities comprising these indexes. A Fund may be eligible to distribute such dividend income as qualified dividend income when received by individual shareholders or eligible for the dividends-received deduction when received by corporate shareholders, subject to certain limitations. A Fund’s investments in derivative instruments, such as swaps tied to dividend returns, however, are unlikely to generate income eligible to be treated as qualified dividend income when received by individual shareholders or eligible for the dividends-received deduction when received by corporate shareholders.

If a Fund’s distributions exceed its taxable income and capital gains realized during a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in the same taxable year may be recharacterized as a return of capital to shareholders. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce each shareholder’s cost basis in a Fund and result in a higher reported capital gain or lower reported capital loss when those shares on which the distribution was received are sold.

A dividend or distribution received shortly after the purchase of shares reduces the net asset value of the shares by the amount of the dividend or distribution and, although in effect a return of capital, will be taxable to the shareholder. If the net asset value of shares were reduced below the shareholder’s cost by dividends or distributions representing gains realized on sales of securities, such dividends or distributions would be a return of investment, though taxable to the shareholder in the same manner as other dividends or distributions.

 

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Dividends declared to shareholders of record in October, November or December and actually paid in January of the following year will be treated as having been received by shareholders on December 31 of the calendar year in which declared. Under this rule, therefore, a shareholder may be taxed in one year on dividends or distributions actually received in January of the following year.

A Fund will inform you of the amount of your ordinary income dividends, qualified dividend income and capital gain distributions shortly after the close of each calendar year. If you have not held Fund shares for a full year, the Fund may designate and distribute to you, as ordinary income or capital gain, a percentage of income that is not equal to the actual percentage of such income earned during the period of your investment in the Fund.

Medicare Contribution Tax. Beginning January 1, 2013, U.S. individuals with income exceeding $200,000 ($250,000 if married and filing jointly) are subject to a new 3.8% Medicare contribution tax on their “net investment income,” including interest, dividends and capital gains (including capital gains realized on the sale or exchange of shares of a Fund). This 3.8% tax also applies to all or a portion of the undistributed net investment income of certain shareholders that are estates and trusts.

Sale or Exchange of Fund Shares . If you are subject to tax, any gain or loss recognized on a sale, exchange or redemption of shares of a Fund by a shareholder who is not a dealer in securities will generally, for individual shareholders, be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than twelve months and otherwise will be treated as a short-term capital gain or loss. However, if shares on which a shareholder has received a net capital gain distribution are subsequently sold, exchanged or redeemed and such shares have been held for six months or less, any loss recognized will be treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of the net capital gain distribution. In addition, the loss realized on a sale or other disposition of shares will be disallowed to the extent a shareholder repurchases (or enters into a contract or option to repurchase) shares within a period of 61 days (beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the disposition of the shares). This loss disallowance rule will apply to shares received through the reinvestment of dividends during the 61-day period.

Cost-Basis Reporting . Unless you fall within certain exceptions, the custodian, broker or other administrative agent holding your shares in a Fund on your behalf must report to the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and furnish to you the cost basis information for shares of such Fund. In addition to reporting the gross proceeds from the sale of shares of the Fund, you will receive cost basis information for such shares, which will indicate whether these shares had a short-term or long-term holding period. For each sale of shares of a Fund, you are to elect from among several IRS-accepted cost basis methods, including the average basis method. In the absence of an election, the custodian, broker or other administrative agent holding your shares in the Fund will use a default cost basis method they have chosen, which should have been communicated to you. The cost basis method elected by you (or the cost basis method applied by default) for each sale of shares of a Fund may not be changed after the settlement date of each such sale. You should consult with your tax advisor to determine the best IRS-accepted cost basis method for your tax situation and to obtain more information about how cost basis reporting applies to you.

Federal Tax Treatment of Certain Fund Investments . A Fund may invest in complex securities. These investments may be subject to numerous special and complex tax rules. These rules could affect whether gains and losses recognized by a Fund are treated as ordinary income or loss or capital gain or loss, accelerate the recognition of income to a Fund and/or defer such Fund’s ability to recognize losses. In turn, those rules may affect the amount, timing or character of the income distributed to you by such Fund.

Dividends and interest received by a Fund may be subject to income, withholding or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and United States possessions that would reduce the yield on a Fund’s securities. Tax conventions between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate these taxes. Foreign countries generally do not impose taxes on capital gains with respect to investments by foreign investors.

Each Fund intends to make investments in certain complex securities for which there is uncertainty regarding the treatment of these investments under the “Qualifying Income Test” and the asset diversification requirements described above in the paragraph discussing the requirements for qualification as a RIC. If the IRS were to issue public guidance that results in an adverse determination relating to the treatment of a Fund’s investments in such complex securities, a Fund may likely need to significantly change its investment strategies, which could adversely affect such Fund.

 

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A Fund is required for federal income tax purposes to mark-to-market and recognize as income for each taxable year its net unrealized gains and losses on certain futures contracts as of the end of the year, as well as those actually realized during the year. Gain or loss from futures and options contracts on broad-based indices required to be marked-to-market will be 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gain or loss. Application of this rule may alter the timing and character of distributions to shareholders. A Fund may be required to defer the recognition of losses on futures contracts, options contracts and swaps to the extent of any unrecognized gains on offsetting positions held by such Fund. It is anticipated that any net gain realized from the closing out of futures or options contracts that are securities will be considered gain from the sale of securities and therefore will be qualifying income for purposes of the “Qualifying Income Test” described above in the paragraph discussing the requirements for qualification as a RIC. A Fund distributes to shareholders at least annually any net capital gains which have been recognized for federal income tax purposes, including unrealized gains at the end of a Fund’s fiscal year on futures or options transactions. Such distributions are combined with distributions of capital gains realized on a Fund’s other investments and shareholders are advised on the nature of the distributions.

In general, with respect to the Funds, gains from “foreign currencies” and from foreign currency options, foreign currency futures, and forward foreign exchange contracts (“forward contracts”) relating to investments in stock, securities, or foreign currencies will be qualifying income for purposes of determining whether a Fund qualifies as a RIC. It is currently unclear, however, who will be treated as the issuer of a foreign currency instrument for purposes of the RIC diversification requirements applicable to a Fund.

Under the Code, special rules are provided for certain transactions in a foreign currency other than the taxpayer’s functional currency (i.e., unless certain special rules apply, currencies other than the U.S. Dollar). In general, foreign currency gains or losses from forward contracts, from futures contracts that are not “regulated futures contracts,” and from unlisted options will be treated as ordinary income or loss under the Code. Also, certain foreign exchange gains derived with respect to foreign fixed-income securities are also subject to special treatment. In general, any such gains or losses will increase or decrease the amount of a Fund’s investment company taxable income available to be distributed to shareholders as ordinary income, rather than increasing or decreasing the amount of a Fund’s net capital gain. Additionally, if such losses exceed other investment company taxable income during a taxable year, a Fund would not be able to make any ordinary dividend distributions.

Tax-Exempt Shareholders . Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements, 401(k)s and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (“UBTI”). Under current law, the Fund generally serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. However, notwithstanding the foregoing, the tax-exempt shareholder could realize UBTI by virtue of an investment in a Fund where, for example: (i) the Fund invests in residual interests of Real Estate Mortgage Investment Conduits (REMICs); (ii) the Fund invests in a REIT that is a taxable mortgage pool (TMP) or that has a subsidiary that is TMP or that invests in the residual interest of a REMIC; or (iii) shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of section 514(b) of the Code. Charitable remainder trusts are subject to special rules and should consult their tax advisor. The IRS has issued guidance with respect to these issues and prospective shareholders, especially charitable remainder trusts, are encouraged to consult with their tax advisors regarding these issues.

Backup Withholding . A Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold, at a rate of 28%, and remit to the United States Treasury the amount withheld on amounts payable to any shareholder who: (i) has provided the Fund either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all; (ii) is subject to backup withholding by the IRS for failure to properly report payments of interest or dividends; (iii) has failed to certify to the Fund that such shareholder is not subject to backup withholding; or (iv) has failed to certify to the Fund that the shareholder is a U.S. person (including a resident alien).

Non-U.S. Shareholders . If you are not a citizen or permanent resident of the United States, a Fund’s ordinary income dividends will generally be subject to a 30% U.S. withholding tax, unless a lower treaty rate applies or unless such income is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business. The Fund may, under certain circumstances, designate all or a portion of a dividend as an “interest-related dividend” that if received by a nonresident alien or foreign entity would generally be exempt from the 30% U.S. withholding tax, provided that certain other requirements are met. A Fund may also, under certain circumstances, designate all or a portion of a dividend as a “qualified short-term capital gain dividend,” which if received by a nonresident alien or foreign entity would generally be exempt from the 30% U.S. withholding tax, unless the foreign person is a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the taxable year. The withholding exemptions for “interest related dividends” and “qualified short-term capital gain dividends” apply to dividends with respect to taxable years of the Fund beginning before January 1, 2014.

A U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on dividends beginning after June 30, 2014 (and proceeds of sales in respect of Fund shares received by Fund shareholders beginning after December 31, 2016) for shareholders who own their shares through foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied.

In order for a foreign investor to qualify for an exemption from backup withholding, the foreign investor must comply with special certification and filing requirements. Foreign investors in the Funds should consult their tax advisors in this regard. Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld may be credited against the shareholder’s U.S. federal income tax liability, provided the appropriate information is furnished to the IRS.

 

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A beneficial holder of shares who is a foreign person may be subject to state and local tax and to the U.S. federal estate tax, in addition to the federal income tax consequences referred to above. If a shareholder is eligible for the benefits of a tax treaty, any effectively connected income or gain will generally be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a net basis only if it is also attributable to a permanent establishment maintained by the shareholder in the United States.

Non-U.S. Investors are encouraged to consult their tax advisor prior to investing in a Fund.

Retirement Accounts . If you hold your shares in a tax-qualified retirement account, you generally will not be subject to federal taxation on income and capital gains distribution from the Fund, until you begin receiving payments from your retirement account. You should consult your tax adviser regarding the tax rules that apply to your retirement account.

Because each shareholder’s tax situation is different, you should consult your tax advisor about the tax implications of an investment in the Funds.

Tax Shelter Reporting Regulations . Under U.S. Treasury regulations, generally, if a shareholder recognizes a loss of $2 million or more for an individual shareholder or $10 million or more for a corporate shareholder, the shareholder must file with the IRS a disclosure statement on Form 8886. Direct shareholders of portfolio securities are in many cases excepted from this reporting requirement, but under current guidance, shareholders of a RIC such as a Fund are not excepted. Future guidance may extend the current exception from this reporting requirement to shareholders of most or all RICs. The fact that a loss is reportable under these regulations does not affect the legal determination of whether the taxpayer’s treatment of the loss is proper. Shareholders should consult their tax advisors to determine the applicability of these regulations in light of their individual circumstances.

State Taxes . Distributions by a Fund to shareholders and the ownership of shares may be subject to state and local taxes. Rules of state and local taxation of dividend and capital gains distributions from RICs often differ from the rules for federal income taxation described above. Shareholders are urged to consult their tax advisors as to the consequences of these and other state and local tax rules affecting an investment in Fund shares.

Creation and Redemption of Creation Units . A person who purchases a Creation Unit by exchanging securities in-kind generally will recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between (i) the sum of the market value of the Creation Units at the time of the exchange and any net amount of cash received by the Authorized Participant in the exchange and (ii) the sum of the purchaser’s aggregate basis in the securities surrendered and any net amount of cash paid for the Creation Units. A person who redeems Creation Units and receives securities in-kind from the Fund will generally recognize a gain or loss equal to the difference between the redeemer’s basis in the Creation Units, and the aggregate market value of the securities received and any net cash received. The IRS, however, may assert that a loss realized upon an in-kind exchange of securities for Creation Units or an exchange of Creation Units for securities cannot be deducted currently under the rules governing “wash sales,” or on the basis that there has been no significant change in economic position. Persons effecting in-kind creations or redemptions should consult their own tax adviser with respect to these matters.

The Trust on behalf of a Fund has the right to reject an order for a purchase of shares of the Trust if the purchaser (or group of purchasers) would, upon obtaining the shares so ordered, own 80% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund and if, pursuant to Section 351 of the Code, the Fund would have a basis in the securities different from the market value of such securities on the date of deposit. The Trust also has the right to require information necessary to determine beneficial share ownership for purposes of the 80% determination.

BROKERAGE TRANSACTIONS

Brokerage Transactions. The Adviser assumes general supervision over placing orders on behalf of each Fund for the purchase and sale of portfolio securities. In selecting the brokers or dealers for any transaction in portfolio securities, the Adviser’s policy is to make such selection based on factors deemed relevant, including but not limited to the breadth of the market in the security; the price of the security; the reasonableness of the commission or mark-up or mark-down, if any; execution capability; settlement capability; back office efficiency and the financial condition of the broker or dealer,

 

S-33


both for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. The overall reasonableness of brokerage commissions paid is evaluated by the Adviser based upon its knowledge of available information as to the general level of commissions paid by other institutional investors for comparable services. Brokers may also be selected because of their ability to handle special or difficult executions, such as may be involved in large block trades, less liquid securities, broad distributions, or other circumstances. The Adviser does not consider the provision or value of research, products or services a broker or dealer may provide, if any, as a factor in the selection of a broker or dealer or the determination of the reasonableness of commissions paid in connection with portfolio transactions. The Trust has adopted policies and procedures that prohibit the consideration of sales of a Fund’s shares as a factor in the selection of a broker or a dealer to execute its portfolio transactions.

To the extent creation or redemption transactions are conducted on a cash or “cash in lieu” basis, a Fund may contemporaneously transact with broker-dealers for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities in connection with such transactions (see “Creation and Redemption of Creation Units” herein). Such orders may be placed with an Authorized Participant in its capacity as broker-dealer or with an affiliated broker-dealer of such Authorized Participant. In such cases, a Fund will require such broker-dealer to achieve execution at a price that is at least as favorable to the Fund as the value of such securities used to calculate the Fund’s NAV. The broker-dealer will be required to reimburse the Fund for, among other things, any difference between the price (including applicable brokerage commissions, taxes and transaction costs) at which such securities were bought or sold and the value of such securities used to calculate the Fund’s NAV. This amount will vary depending on the quality of the execution and may be capped at amounts determined by the Adviser in its sole discretion.

Brokerage Commissions. As of the date of this SAI, the Funds had not commenced operations, and therefore did not pay any brokerage commissions.

Brokerage with Fund Affiliates. As of the date of this SAI, the Funds had not commenced operations, and therefore did not pay any brokerage commissions to any affiliated brokers.

Securities of “Regular Broker-Dealers.” As of the date of this SAI, the Funds had not commenced operations, and therefore did not hold securities of any “regular brokers or dealers.”

DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION

The Trust has adopted a Portfolio Holdings Policy (the “Policy”) designed to govern the disclosure of Fund portfolio holdings and the use of material non-public information about Fund holdings. The Policy applies to all officers, employees, and agents of the Funds, including the Adviser. The Policy is designed to ensure that the disclosure of information about each Fund’s portfolio holdings is consistent with applicable legal requirements and otherwise in the best interest of each Fund.

As ETFs, information about each Fund’s portfolio holdings is made available on a daily basis in accordance with the provisions of any exemptive order of the SEC applicable to the Funds, regulations of the Exchange and other applicable SEC regulations, orders and no-action relief. Such information typically reflects all or a portion of a Fund’s anticipated portfolio holdings as of the next Business Day. This information is used in connection with the creation and redemption process and is disseminated on a daily basis through the facilities of the Exchange, the NSCC and/or third-party service providers.

Each Fund may disclose on the Fund’s website at the start of each Business Day the identities and quantities of the securities and other assets held by each Fund that will form the basis of the Fund’s calculation of its NAV on that Business Day. The portfolio holdings so disclosed will be based on information as of the close of business on the prior Business Day and/or trades that have been completed prior to the opening of business on that Business Day and that are expected to settle on that Business Day.

Daily access to each Fund’s portfolio holdings with no lag time is permitted to personnel of the Adviser, the Fund’s distributor and the Fund’s administrator, custodian and accountant and other agents or service providers of the Trust who have need of such information in connection with the ordinary course of their respective duties to the Fund. The Funds’ Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) may authorize disclosure of portfolio holdings.

 

S-34


Each Fund may disclose its complete portfolio holdings or a portion of its portfolio holdings online at www.[              ].com. Online disclosure of such holdings is publicly available at no charge.

The Funds file a complete schedule of their portfolio holdings with the SEC for the first and third quarters of each fiscal year on
Form N-Q. The Funds’ Form N-Q is available on the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov and may be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. Information on the operations of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling 1-800-SEC-0330.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING THE TRUST

The Declaration of Trust authorizes the issuance of an unlimited number of shares of each Fund. Each share issued by a Fund has a pro rata interest in the assets of that Fund. Shares have no preemptive, exchange, subscription or conversion rights and are freely transferable. Each share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared by the Board with respect to the relevant Fund, and in the net distributable assets of such Fund on liquidation.

Each share has one vote with respect to matters upon which a shareholder vote is required consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act and the rules promulgated thereunder. Shares of all Funds vote together as a single class except that if the matter being voted on affects only a particular Fund or if a matter affects a particular Fund differently from other Funds, that Fund will vote separately on such matter.

Each share held entitles the shareholder of record to one vote. As a Delaware statutory trust, the Trust is not required to hold annual meetings of shareholders, but approval will be sought for certain changes in the operation of the Trust and for the election of Trustees under certain circumstances. In addition, a Trustee may be removed by the remaining Trustees or by shareholders at a special meeting called upon written request of shareholders owning at least 10% of the outstanding shares of the Trust. In the event that such a meeting is requested, the Trust will provide appropriate assistance and information to the shareholders requesting the meeting.

Where the Prospectus or SAI states that an investment limitation or a fundamental policy may not be changed without shareholder approval, such approval means the vote of: (i) 67% or more of the Fund’s shares present at a meeting if the holders of more than 50% of the outstanding shares of the Fund are present or represented by proxy; or (ii) more than 50% of the Fund’s outstanding shares, whichever is less.

Following the creation of the initial Creation Unit(s) of shares of a Fund and immediately prior to the commencement of trading in such Fund’s shares, a holder of shares may be a “control person” of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act. A Fund cannot accurately predict the length of time for which one or more shareholders may remain a control person or persons of the Fund.

Any series of the Trust may reorganize or merge with one or more other series of the Trust or another investment company. Any such reorganization or merger shall be pursuant to the terms and conditions specified in an agreement and plan of reorganization authorized and approved by the Trustees and entered into by the relevant series in connection therewith. In addition, such reorganization or merger may be authorized by vote of a majority of the Trustees then in office and, to the extent permitted by applicable law, without the approval of shareholders of any series.

LIMITATION OF TRUSTEES’ LIABILITY

The Declaration of Trust provides that a Trustee shall be liable only for his or her own willful defaults and, if reasonable care has been exercised in the selection of officers, agents, employees or administrators, shall not be liable for any neglect or wrongdoing of any such person. The Declaration of Trust also provides that the Trust will indemnify its Trustees and officers against liabilities and expenses incurred in connection with actual or threatened litigation in which they may be involved because of their offices with the Trust unless it is determined in the manner provided in the Declaration of Trust that they have not acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that their actions were in the best interests of the Trust. However, nothing in the Declaration of Trust shall protect or indemnify a Trustee against any liability for his or her willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of his or her duties.

 

S-35


CODES OF ETHICS

The Board has adopted a Code of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act. In addition, the Adviser and the Distributor have adopted Codes of Ethics pursuant to Rule 17j-1. These Codes of Ethics apply to the personal investing activities of trustees, officers and certain employees (“access persons”). Rule 17j-1 and the Codes are designed to prevent unlawful practices in connection with the purchase or sale of securities by access persons. Under each Code of Ethics, access persons are permitted to engage in personal securities transactions, but are required to report their personal securities transactions for monitoring purposes. In addition, certain access persons are required to obtain approval before investing in initial public offerings or private placements or are prohibited from making such investments. Copies of these Codes of Ethics are on file with the SEC, and are available to the public.

CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES

As of the date of this SAI, the Funds had not commenced operations, and therefore there were no record owners of the Funds. Persons who own of record or beneficially more than 25% of a Fund’s outstanding shares may be deemed to control the Fund within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Shareholders controlling a Fund could have the ability to vote a majority of the shares of the Fund on any matter requiring the approval of shareholders of the Fund.

CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT

[              ], located at [ADDRESS], acts as custodian, transfer agent and dividend paying agent for the Funds.

INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

[ACCOUNTANT], located at [ADDRESS], serves as the Trust’s independent registered public accounting firm.

LEGAL COUNSEL

Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP, located at 101 Park Avenue, New York, NY 10178, serves as counsel to the Trust.

FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

[To be included by amendment]

 

S-36


APPENDIX A

DESCRIPTION OF RATINGS

Description of Corporate Bond Ratings

The following descriptions of corporate bond ratings have been published by Moody’s, S&P, and Fitch, Inc., (“Fitch”), respectively.

DESCRIPTION OF MOODY’S LONG-TERM RATINGS

Aaa Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as “gilt edged”. Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.

Aa Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high-grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risk appear somewhat larger than the Aaa securities.

A Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper-medium grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment some time in the future.

Baa Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations ( i.e. , they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured). Interest payments and principal security appear adequate for the present, but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.

DESCRIPTION OF S&P’S LONG-TERM RATINGS

Investment Grade

AAA Debt rated “AAA” has the highest rating assigned by S&P. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.

AA Debt rated “AA” has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the highest rated debt only in small degree.

A Debt rated “A” has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal, although it is somewhat more susceptible to adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher-rated categories.

BBB Debt rated “BBB” is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.

DESCRIPTION OF FITCH’S LONG-TERM RATINGS

Investment Grade Bond

AAA Bonds rated AAA are judged to be strictly high grade, broadly marketable, suitable for investment by trustees and fiduciary institutions liable to slight market fluctuation other than through changes in the money rate. The prime feature of an AAA bond is a showing of earnings several times or many times greater than interest requirements, with such stability of applicable earnings that safety is beyond reasonable question whatever changes occur in conditions.

AA Bonds rated AA are judged to be of safety virtually beyond question and are readily salable, whose merits are not unlike those of the AAA class, but whose margin of safety is less strikingly broad. The issue may be the obligation of a small company, strongly secured but influenced as to rating by the lesser financial power of the enterprise and more local type market.

 

A-1


A Bonds rated A are considered to be investment grade and of high credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be strong, but may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances than bonds with higher ratings.

BBB Bonds rated BBB are considered to be investment grade and of satisfactory credit quality. The obligor’s ability to pay interest and repay principal is considered to be adequate. Adverse changes in economic conditions and circumstances, however, are more likely to have adverse impact on these bonds, and therefore impair timely payment. The likelihood that the ratings of these bonds will fall below investment grade is higher than for bonds with higher ratings.

Description of Commercial Paper Ratings

The following descriptions of commercial paper ratings have been published by Moody’s, Standard and Poor’s, and Fitch, Inc., respectively.

DESCRIPTION OF MOODY’S SHORT-TERM RATINGS

PRIME-1 Issuers rated Prime-1 (or supporting institutions) have a superior ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. Prime-1 repayment ability will often be evidenced by many of the following characteristics:

 

    Leading market positions in well-established industries.

 

    High rates of return on funds employed.

 

    Conservative capitalization structures with moderate reliance on debt and ample asset protection.

 

    Broad margins in earnings coverage of fixed financial charges and high internal cash generation.

 

    Well-established access to a range of financial markets and assured sources of alternate liquidity.

PRIME-2 Issuers rated Prime-2 (or supporting institutions) have a strong ability for repayment of senior short-term debt obligations. This will normally be evidenced by many of the characteristics cited above but to a lesser degree. Earnings trends and coverage ratios, while sound, may be more subject to variation. Capitalization characteristics, while still appropriate, may be more affected by external conditions. Ample alternate liquidity is maintained.

S&P’S SHORT-TERM RATINGS

A-1 This highest category indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is strong. Debt determined to possess extremely strong safety characteristics is denoted with a plus sign (+) designation.

A-2 Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is satisfactory. However, the relative degree of safety is not as high as for issues designated “A-1”.

DESCRIPTION OF FITCH’S SHORT-TERM RATINGS

F-1 Highest Credit Quality. Indicates the best capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote exceptionally strong credit feature.

F-2 Good Credit Quality. A satisfactory capacity for timely payment, but the margin of safety is not as great as in the case of the higher ratings.

F-3 Fair Credit Quality. The capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate; however, near-term adverse changes could result in a reduction to non-investment grade.

 

A-2


APPENDIX B

PROXY VOTING POLICIES AND PROCEDURES

[To be inserted]

 

B-1


PART C: OTHER INFORMATION

 

Item 28.

 

Exhibits

(a)(1)   Certificate of Trust of Reality Shares ETF Trust (the “Registrant”) is filed herewith.
(a)(2)   Certificate of Amendment of Certificate of Trust of the Registrant to be filed by amendment.
(a)(3)   Registrant’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust is filed herewith.
(b)   Registrant’s Amended and Restated By-Laws are filed herewith.
(c)   See Article III and Article V of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, which is filed herewith.
(d)   Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant and Reality Shares Advisors, LLC to be filed by amendment.
(e)   Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and [Distributor] to be filed by amendment.
(f)   Not Applicable.
(g)   Custodian Agreement between the Registrant and [Custodian] to be filed by amendment.
(h)(1)   Administration Agreement between the Registrant and [Administrator] to be filed by amendment.
(h)(2)   Transfer Agency Agreement between the Registrant and [Transfer Agent] to be filed by amendment.
(i)   Opinion and Consent of Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP to be filed by amendment.
(j)   Consent of [Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm] to be filed by amendment.
(k)   Not applicable.
(l)   Initial Capital Agreement to be filed by amendment.
(m)   Not applicable.
(n)   Not applicable.
(o)   Not applicable.
(p)(1)   Code of Ethics for the Registrant to be filed by amendment.
(p)(2)   Code of Ethics for Reality Shares Advisors, LLC to be filed by amendment.
(p)(3)   Code of Ethics for [Distributor] to be filed by amendment.


Item 29. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund:

Not applicable.

 

Item 30. Indemnification:

Please see Article VII of the Registrant’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust, which is filed herewith.

Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”) may be permitted to trustees, directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant by the Registrant pursuant to the Declaration of Trust or otherwise, the Registrant is aware that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and, therefore, is unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by trustees, directors, officers or controlling persons of the Registrant in connection with the successful defense of any act, suite or proceeding) is asserted by such trustees, directors, officers or controlling persons in connection with the shares being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issues.

 

Item 31. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser:

The following lists any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each investment adviser, and each director, officer or partner of that investment adviser, is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner, or trustee. Unless noted below, none of the investment advisers, and/or director, officer or partner of each investment adviser, is or has been engaged within the last two fiscal years in any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC (the “Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser for the Fund. The Adviser’s principal address is 402 West Broadway, Suite 2800, San Diego, CA 92101. The Adviser is an investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940. [To be completed by amendment.]

 

Item 32. Principal Underwriters

 

(a) Furnish the name of each investment company (other than the Registrant) for which each principal underwriter currently distributing the securities of the Registrant also acts as a principal underwriter, distributor or investment adviser.

The Registrant’s distributor, [              ], acts as distributor for the following investment companies:

[To be included by amendment.]


(b) Furnish the Information required by the following table with respect to each director, officer or partner of each principal underwriter named in the answer to Item 20 of Part B. Unless otherwise noted, the business address of each director or officer is [              ].

[Chart to be included by amendment.]

 

(c) Not applicable.

 

Item 33. Location of Accounts and Records:

All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the Rules thereunder will be maintained at the offices of:

Reality Shares ETF Trust

402 West Broadway, Suite 2800

San Diego, CA 92101

The Registrant’s custodian

[To be included by amendment.]

The Registrant’s administrator

[To be included by amendment.]

The Registrant’s adviser

Reality Shares Advisors, LLC

402 West Broadway, Suite 2800

San Diego, CA 92101

The Registrant’s distributor

[To be included by amendment.]

Item 34.     Management Services:

None.

Item 35.     Undertakings:

Not applicable.


SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of San Diego, State of California on the 12th day of November, 2013.

 

REALITY SHARES ETF TRUST
By:   /s/ Eric Ervin
  Eric Ervin
  President

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act, this Registration Statement on Form N-1A has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the date(s) indicated.

 

Signature    Title   Date

/s/ Eric Ervin

Eric Ervin

   Trustee, President, Principal Executive Officer, Treasurer and Chief Financial Officer   November 12, 2013


EXHIBIT INDEX

 

Exhibit Number

  

Description

28(a)(1)    Registrant’s Certificate of Trust.
28(a)(3)    Registrant’s Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust.
28(b)    Registrant’s Amended and Restated By-Laws.

State of Delaware

Certificate of Trust

This Certificate of Trust of ERNY Financial ETF Trust, a statutory trust (the “Trust”), executed by the undersigned trustee, and filed under and in accordance with the provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (Title 12 of the Delaware Code, Section 3801 et seq.) (the “Act”), sets forth the following:

FIRST: The name of the statutory trust formed hereby is ERNY Financial ETF Trust.

SECOND: The Trust is or will become a registered investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended. Therefore, in accordance with Section 3807(b) of the Act, the Trust shall maintain in the state of Delaware a registered office and a registered agent for service of Process. The address of the registered office of the Trust in the State of Delaware is 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, Delaware 19801. The name of the Trust’s registered agent at such address is The Corporation Trust Company.

THIRD: Notice is hereby given that the Trust is a series trust. The debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular series, established pursuant to the terms of the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust, shall be enforceable against the assets of such series only, and not against the assets of the Trust generally or any other series thereof, and, except as otherwise provided in the Agreement and Declaration of Trust of the Trust, none of the debts, liabilities, obligations, and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to the Trust generally or any other series thereof shall be enforceable against the assets of such series.

In witness whereof, the undersigned, being the sole trustee of ERNY Financial ETF Trust, has duly executed this Certificate of Trust as of the 26 day of March, 2013.

 

By:   /s/ Eric Ervin
  Eric Ervin, Sole Trustee

AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

REALITY SHARES ETF TRUST

WHEREAS, THIS AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST is made and entered into as of the date set forth below by the Trustees named hereunder for the purpose of forming a Delaware statutory trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth, to be effective upon the filing of the executed Certificate of Trust with the state of Delaware.

NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby direct that a Certificate of Trust be filed with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and do hereby declare that the Trustees will hold IN TRUST all cash, securities and other assets which the Trust now possesses or may hereafter acquire from time to time in any manner and manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms and conditions for the pro rata benefit of the holders of Shares of this Trust.

ARTICLE I

Names and Definitions

Section 1. Name . This trust shall be known as “Reality Shares ETF Trust” and the Trustees shall conduct the business of the Trust under that name or any other name as they may from time to time determine. Any name change shall become effective on the execution by a majority of the Trustees of an instrument setting forth the new name and the filing of a certificate of amendment pursuant to Section 3810(b)(1) of the Delaware Act. Any such instrument shall not require the approval of the Shareholders but shall have the status of an amendment to this Declaration of Trust.

Section 2. Definitions . Whenever used herein, unless otherwise required by the context or specifically provided:

(a) The “1940 Act” shall mean the Investment Company Act of 1940, the rules and regulations thereunder or any exemption therefrom, as such statute, rules or regulations may be amended or interpreted from time to time, and any successor statute thereto;

(b) “By-Laws” shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as amended from time to time which By-Laws are expressly herein incorporated by reference as part of the “governing instrument” within the meaning of the Delaware Act (defined herein);

(c) “Class” means a class of Shares in a Series of the Trust established in accordance with the provisions of Article III hereof.

(d) The terms “Commission” and “Principal Underwriter” shall have the respective meanings given them in Section 2(a)(7) and Section 2(a)(29) of the 1940 Act;

(e) “Declaration of Trust” shall mean this Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended or restated from time to time;

 

1


(f) “Delaware Act” shall mean the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (12 Del . C . § 3801 et seq .), as such statute may be amended or interpreted from time to time, and any legislative enactment which may replace or supersede such Act;

(g) The term “Interested Person” has the meaning given it in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act;

(h) “Investment Adviser” or “Adviser” means a party furnishing services to the Trust pursuant to any contract described in Article IV, Section 7(a) hereof;

(i) “Person” means and includes individuals, corporations, partnerships, trusts, associations, joint ventures, estates and other entities, whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof, whether domestic or foreign;

(j) “Series” refers to each Series of Shares established and designated under or in accordance with the provisions of Article III and shall mean an entity such as that described in Section 18(f)(2) of the 1940 Act, and subject to Rule 18f-2 thereunder:

(k) “Shareholder” means a record owner of outstanding Shares;

(l) “Shares” shall mean the equal proportionate units of beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest of each Series or Class thereof shall be divided. “Shares” includes fractions of Shares as well as whole Shares, and will be rounded to the nearest thousandth;

(m) The “Trust” refers to the Delaware statutory trust established under the Delaware Act by this Declaration of Trust and the filing of the Certificate of Trust in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware, as it may be amended from time to time, inclusive of each and every Series established hereunder;

(n) The “Trust Property” means any and all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible, which is owned or held by or for the account of the Trust or any Series or by the Trustees on behalf of the Trust or any Series; and

(n) “Trustee” or “Trustees” refer to the person or persons who has or have signed this Declaration of Trust, so long as he, she or they shall continue in office in accordance with the terms hereof, and all other persons who may from time to time be duly elected or appointed to serve on the Board of Trustees in accordance with the provisions hereof, and reference herein to a Trustee or the Trustees shall refer to such person or persons in their capacity as trustees hereunder.

ARTICLE II

Purpose of the Trust

The purpose of the Trust is to conduct, operate and carry on the business of a management investment company registered under the 1940 Act through one or more Series investing primarily in securities (including options), debt instruments, money market instruments, commodities, commodity contracts and options thereon and other instruments and rights of a financial character and to exercise all of the powers and privileges granted to a statutory trust formed under the laws of the State of Delaware and a management investment company registered under the 1940 Act, now or hereafter in force.

 

2


ARTICLE III

Shares

Section 1. Division of Beneficial Interest . The beneficial interest in the Trust shall be divided into one or more Series. Each Series may be divided into two or more Classes. Subject to the further provisions of this Article III and any applicable requirements of the 1940 Act, the Trustees shall have full power and authority, in their sole discretion, and without obtaining any authorization or vote of the Shareholders of any Series or Class thereof, (i) to divide the beneficial interest in each Series or Class thereof into an unlimited amount of Shares, with or without par value, as the Trustees shall determine, (ii) to issue Shares without limitation as to number (including fractional Shares), to such Persons and for such amount and type of consideration, subject to any restriction set forth in the By-Laws, including cash or securities, at such time or times and on such terms as the Trustees may deem appropriate, (iii) to establish and designate and to change in any manner any Series or Class thereof and to fix such preferences, voting powers, rights, duties and privileges and business purpose of each Series or Class thereof as the Trustees may from time to time determine, which preferences, voting powers, rights, duties and privileges may be senior or subordinate to (or in the case of business purpose, different from) any existing Series or Class thereof and may be limited to specified property or obligations of the Trust or profits and losses associated with specified property or obligations of the Trust, (iv) to divide or combine the Shares or any Series or Class thereof into a greater or lesser number without thereby materially changing the proportionate beneficial interest of the Shares of such Series or Class in the assets held with respect to that Series or Class, (v) to classify or reclassify any issued Shares of any Series or Class thereof into shares of one or more Series or Classes thereof, and (vi) to take such other action with respect to the Shares as the Trustees may deem desirable.

Subject to the distinctions permitted among Classes of the same Series as established by the Trustees consistent with the requirements of the 1940 Act, each Share of a Series of the Trust shall represent an equal beneficial interest in the net assets of such Series, and each holder of Shares of a Series shall be entitled to receive such holder’s pro rata share of distributions of income and capital gains, if any, made with respect to such Series. Upon redemption of the Shares of any Series, the applicable Shareholder shall be paid solely out of the funds and property of such Series of the Trust.

All references to Shares in this Declaration of Trust shall be deemed to be Shares of any or all Series or Classes thereof, as the context may require. All provisions herein relating to the Trust shall apply equally to each Series of the Trust and each Class thereof, except as the context otherwise requires.

All Shares issued hereunder, including, without limitation, Shares issued in connection with a dividend paid in Shares or a split or reverse split of Shares, shall be fully paid and non-assessable. No Share shall have any priority or preference over any other Share of the same Series with respect to dividends or distributions of the Trust or otherwise. All dividends and distributions shall be made ratably among all Shareholders of a Series (or class) from the assets held with respect to such Series according to the number of Shares of such Series (or class) held of record by such Shareholders on the record date for any dividend or distribution or on the date of termination of the Trust, as the case may be. Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees, Shareholders shall have no preemptive or other right to subscribe to any additional Shares or other securities issued by the Trust.

Section 2. Ownership of Shares . The ownership of Shares shall be recorded on the books of the Trust or a transfer or similar agent for the Trust, which books shall be maintained separately for the Shares of each Series (or Class). No certificates certifying the ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the Board of Trustees may otherwise determine from time to time. The Trustees may make such rules

 

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as they consider appropriate for the issuance of Share certificates, transfer of Shares of each Series (or Class) and similar matters. The record books of the Trust as kept by the Trust, or any transfer or similar agent, as the case may be, shall be conclusive as to the identity of the Shareholders of each Series (or Class) and as to the number of Shares of each Series (or Class) held from time to time by each.

Section 3. Transfer of Shares . Except as otherwise provided by the Trustees, Shares shall be transferable on the books of the Trust only by the record holder thereof or by his duly authorized agent upon delivery to the Trustees, the Trust’s transfer or similar agent or other Person designated by the Trustees of a duly executed instrument of transfer, together with a Share certificate if one is outstanding, and such evidence of the genuineness of each such execution and authorization and of such other matters as may be required by the Trustees. Upon such delivery, and subject to any further requirements specified by the Trustees or contained in the By-Laws, the transfer shall be recorded on the books of the Trust. Until a transfer is so recorded, the Shareholder of record of Shares shall be deemed to be the holder of such Shares for all purposes hereunder and neither the Trustees nor the Trust, nor any transfer agent or registrar or any officer, employee or agent of the Trust, shall be affected by any notice of any proposed transfer.

Section 4. Investments in the Trust . Investments may be accepted by the Trust from such Persons, at such times, on such terms, and for such consideration as the Trustees from time to time may authorize. Each investment shall be credited to the individual Shareholder’s account in the form of full and fractional Shares of the Trust, in such Series (or Class) as the purchaser shall select, at the net asset value per Share next determined for such Series (or Class) after receipt of the investment; provided, however, that the Trustees may, in their sole discretion, impose a sales charge or transaction fee upon investments in the Trust.

Section 5. Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal Liability . The ownership of the Trust Property of every description and the right to conduct any business herein before described are vested exclusively in the Trustees, and the Shareholders shall have no interest therein other than the beneficial interest conferred by their Shares, and they shall have no right to call for any partition or division of any property, profits, rights or interests of the Trust nor can they be called upon to share or assume any losses of the Trust or, subject to the right of the Trustees to charge certain expenses directly to Shareholders, suffer an assessment of any kind by virtue of their ownership of Shares. Every Shareholder, by virtue of having purchased a Share, shall become a Shareholder and shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to be bound by the terms hereof and to have become a party hereto. The death, incapacity, dissolution, termination or bankruptcy of a Shareholder during the existence of the Trust shall not operate to terminate the Trust, nor entitle the representative of any deceased Shareholder to an accounting or to take any action in court or elsewhere against the Trust or the Trustees, but entitles such representative only to the rights of such Shareholder under this Declaration of Trust. Ownership of Shares shall not constitute the Shareholders as partners. Neither the Trust nor the Trustees, nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall have any power to bind personally any Shareholder. The Shares shall not entitle the holder to preference, preemptive, appraisal, conversion or exchange rights (except as specified in this Declaration of Trust or as specified by the Trustees when creating the Shares). No Shareholder of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person in connection with Trust Property or the acts, obligations or affairs of the Trust. Shareholders shall have the same limitation of personal liability as is extended to stockholders of a private corporation for profit incorporated under the Delaware General Corporation Law.

 

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Section 6. Power of Board of Trustees to Change Provisions Relating to Shares . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Declaration of Trust and without limiting the power of the Board of Trustees to amend this Declaration of Trust and the Certificate of Trust, the Board of Trustees shall have the power to amend this Declaration of Trust and the Certificate of Trust, at any time and from time to time, in such manner as the Board of Trustees may determine in its sole discretion, without the need for Shareholder action, so as to add to, delete, replace or otherwise modify any provision relating to the Shares contained in this Declaration of Trust; provided that before adopting any such amendment without Shareholder approval, the Board of Trustees shall determine that it is consistent with the fair and equitable treatment of all Shareholders and that Shareholder approval is not otherwise required by the 1940 Act or other applicable federal or state law; provided, however that if Shares have been issued, Shareholder approval shall be required to adopt any amendment to this Declaration of Trust that would adversely affect to a material degree the rights and preferences of the Shares of any Series already issued or the rights and preferences of any Class of Shareholders associated with any such Series or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act. Subject to the foregoing, the Board of Trustees may amend any provision set forth in paragraphs (a) through (i) of Section 7 of this Article III.

Section 7. Establishment and Designation of Shares . The establishment and designation of any Series (or Class) of Shares shall be effective upon the resolution by a majority of the then Trustees, adopting a resolution which sets forth such establishment and designation and the relative rights and preferences of such Series (or Class) whether directly in such resolution or by reference to another document including, without limitation, any registration statement of the Trust, or as otherwise provided in such resolution. Each such resolution shall be incorporated herein by reference upon adoption.

Each Series shall be separate and distinct from any other Series, separate and distinct records on the books of the Trust shall be maintained for each Series, and the assets and liabilities belonging to any such Series shall be held and accounted for separately from the assets and liabilities of the Trust or any other Series. Shares of each Series (or Class) established pursuant to this Section 7, unless otherwise provided in the resolution establishing such Series (or Class), shall have the following relative rights and preferences:

(a) Assets Held with Respect to a Particular Series . All consideration received by the Trust for the issue or sale of Shares of a particular Series, including dividends and distributions paid by, and reinvested in such Series together with all assets in which such consideration is invested or reinvested, all income, earnings, profits, and proceeds thereof from whatever source derived, including, without limitation, any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments dervied from any reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the same may be, shall irrevocably be held with respect to that Series for all purposes, subject only to the rights of creditors, and shall be so recorded upon the books of account of the Trust. Such consideration, assets, income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, from whatever source derived, including, without limitation, any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange or liquidation of such assets, and any funds or payments dervied from any reinvestment of such proceeds, in whatever form the same may be, are herein referred to as “assets held with respect to” that Series. In the event that there are any assets, income, earnings, profits and proceeds thereof, funds or payments which are not readily identifiable as assets held with respect to any particular Series (collectively “General Assets”), the Trustees shall allocate such General Assets to, between or among any one or more of the Series in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees, in their sole discretion, deem fair and equitable, and any General Assets as allocated to a particular Series shall be held with respect to that Series. Each such allocation by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all Series for all purposes. Separate and distinct records shall be maintained for each Series and the assets held with respect to each Series shall be held and accounted for separately from the assets held with respect to all other Series and General Assets of the Trust not allocated to such Series.

 

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(b) Liabilities Held with Respect to a Particular Series . The assets of the Trust held with respect to each particular Series shall be charged against the liabilities of the Trust held with respect to that Series and all expenses, costs, charges and reserves attributable to that Series, and any general liabilities of the Trust which are not readily identifiable as being held with respect to any particular Series shall be allocated and charged by the Trustees to and among any one or more of the Series in such manner and on such basis as the Trustees in their sole discretion deem fair and equitable. The liabilities, expenses, costs, charges, and reserves so charged to a Series are herein referred to as “liabilities held with respect to” that Series. Any liabilities, debts, obligations, expenses, costs, charges and reserves of the Trust that are not readily identifiable as being liabilities held with respect to any particular Series (collectively “General Liabilities”) shall be allocated and charged by the Board of Trustees to and among any one or more of the Series in such manner and on such basis as the Board of Trustees in its sole discretion deems fair and equitable. Each allocation of liabilities, expenses, costs, charges and reserves by the Trustees shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders of all Series for all purposes. All Persons who have extended credit which has been allocated to a particular Series, or who have a claim or contract which has been allocated to any particular Series, shall look, and shall be required by contract to look, exclusively to the assets of that particular Series for payment of such credit, claim, or contract. In the absence of an express contractual agreement so limiting the claims of such creditors, claimants and contract providers, each creditor, claimant and contract provider will be deemed nevertheless to have impliedly agreed to such limitation unless an express provision to the contrary has been incorporated in the written contract or other document establishing the claimant relationship.

Subject to the right of the Board of Trustees in its discretion to allocate General Liabilities as provided herein, the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular Series, whether such Series is now authorized and existing pursuant to this Declaration of Trust or is hereafter authorized and existing pursuant to this Declaration of Trust, shall be enforceable against the assets held with respect to such particular Series only, and not against the assets of any other Series or the General Assets of the Trust and none of the General Liabilities of the Trust or the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to any other Series thereof shall be enforceable against the assets held with respect to such particular Series. Notice of this limitation on liabilities between and among Series is set forth in the Certificate of Trust, and by giving such notice in the Certificate of Trust, the statutory provisions of Section 3804 of the Delaware Act relating to limitations on liabilities between and among Series (and the statutory effect under Section 3804 of setting forth such notice in the Certificate of Trust) are applicable to the Trust and each Series.

(c) Dividends, Distributions, Redemptions, and Repurchases . Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Declaration of Trust, including, without limitation, Article VI, no dividend or distribution including, without limitation, any distribution paid upon termination of the Trust or paid on or in respect to any Series (or Class), nor any redemption or repurchase of the Shares of any Series (or Class), shall be effected by the Trust other than from the assets held with respect to such Series, nor, except as specifically provided in Section 8 of this Article III, shall any Shareholder of any particular Series, otherwise have any right or claim against the assets held with respect to any other Series except to the extent that such Shareholder has such a right or claim hereunder as a Shareholder of such other Series. The Trustees shall have full discretion, to the extent not inconsistent with the 1940 Act, to determine which items shall be treated as income and which items as capital; and each such determination and allocation shall be conclusive and binding upon the Shareholders.

(d) Voting . All Shares of the Trust entitled to vote on a matter shall vote without differentiation between the separate Series or Classes on a one vote per each Share (including fractional votes for fractional shares) basis; provided, however, if a matter to be voted on affects only the interests of some but not all Series or Classes of Shareholders or as otherwise required by the 1940 Act, then only the Shareholders of such affected Series (or Class(es)) shall be entitled to vote on the matter, separately by Series and, if applicable, by Class, on the same one vote per each Share (including fractional votes for fractional shares) basis.

 

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(e) Equality . All the Shares of each particular Series shall represent an equal proportionate undivided interest in the assets held with respect to that Series (subject to the liabilities held with respect to that Series and such rights and preferences as may have been established and designated with respect to Classes of Shares within such Series), and each Share of any particular Series shall be equal to each Share of that Series.

(f) Fractions . Any fractional Share of a Series shall carry proportionately all the rights and obligations of a whole Share of that Series, including rights with respect to voting, receipt of dividends and distributions, redemption of Shares and termination of the Trust.

(g) Exchange Privilege . The Trustees shall have the authority to provide that the holders of Shares of any Series shall have the right to exchange said Shares for Shares of one or more other Series of Shares in accordance with such requirements and procedures as may be established by the Trustees.

(h) Combination of Series . The Trustees shall have the authority, without the approval of the Shareholders of any Series or Class unless otherwise required by applicable law, to combine the assets and liabilities held with respect to any two or more Series or Classes into assets and liabilities held with respect to a single Series or Class.

(i) Dissolution or Termination of a Series . Any particular Series shall be dissolved upon the occurrence of the applicable dissolution events set forth in Article VIII, Section 2. In addition, the Trustees shall have the authority, without the approval of Shareholders of any Series, unless otherwise required by applicable law, to adopt a resolution dissolving any such Series and rescinding the establishment and designation thereof. Any particular Class shall be terminated at the time there are no Shares outstanding of the particular Class. In addition, the Trustees shall have the authority, without the approval of Shareholders of any Class, unless otherwise required by applicable law, to adopt a resolution terminating any such Class and rescinding the establishment and designation thereof; provided, however, that upon the dissolution of any particular Series, every Class of such Series shall thereby be terminated. Each such resolution shall constitute a part of this Declaration of Trust upon adoption.

Section 8. Indemnification of Shareholders . If any Shareholder or former Shareholder shall be exposed to liability by reason of a claim or demand relating solely to his or her being or having been a Shareholder, and not because of such Person’s acts or omissions, the Shareholder or former Shareholder (or, in the case of a natural person, his or her heirs, executors, administrators, or other legal representatives or, in the case of a corporation or other entity, its corporate or other general successor) shall be entitled to be held harmless from, and indemnified, but only out of the assets held with respect to the particular Series or Class of which such Person is or was a Shareholder and from or in relation to which such liability arose, against all loss and expense arising from such claim or demand; provided, however, that there shall be no liability or obligation of the Trust, or any particular Series, as the case may be, arising hereunder to reimburse any Shareholder for taxes paid by reason of such Shareholder’s ownership of any Shares. The Trust may, upon request of a Shareholder or former Shareholder, assume the defense of any action made against any Shareholder for any obligation of the Trust or any Series and satisfy any judgment thereof.

 

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ARTICLE IV

The Board of Trustees

Section 1. Number, Election and Tenure . The initial Trustee shall be the person named herein. Thereafter, the number of Trustees constituting the initial Board of Trustees shall be such other persons as the initial Trustee shall, prior to the first date on which Persons are admitted as Shareholders of the Trust, appoint by a written instrument signed by the initial Trustee. Thereafter, the number shall be fixed from time to time by a written instrument signed, or by resolution approved at a duly constituted meeting, by a majority of the Board of Trustees, provided, however, that the number of Trustees shall in no event be less than one (1) nor more than fifteen (15). The Board of Trustees, by action of a majority of the then Trustees at a duly constituted meeting, may fill vacancies, including vacancies created by an increase in the number of Trustees, in the Board of Trustees or remove Trustees with or without cause. An appointment of a Trustee may be made by the Trustees then in office in anticipation of a vacancy to occur by reason of retirement, resignation or increase in number of Trustees effective at a later date, provided that said appointment shall become effective only at or after the effective date of said retirement, resignation or increase in number of Trustees. Subject to any retirement or similar policy adopted by the Board of Trustees, each Trustee shall serve during the existence of the Trust until he or she dies, resigns, is declared bankrupt or incompetent by a court or appropriate jurisdiction, or is removed, or until the next meeting of Shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his or her successor. In the event that less than a majority of the Trustees holding office have been elected by the Shareholders, the Trustees then in office shall call a Shareholders’ meeting for the election of Trustees. Any Trustee may resign at any time by written instrument signed by him or her and delivered to any officer of the Trust or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt, unless specified to be effective at some other time. Any Trustee who requests in writing to be retired or who has become mentally or physically incapacitated may be retired by written instrument signed by a majority of the other Trustees, specifying the date of his or her retirement. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no Trustee resigning and no Trustee removed shall have any right to any compensation or expense reimbursement for any period following his or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal. The Shareholders may elect or remove Trustees at any meeting of Shareholders called by the Trustees for that purpose. A meeting of Shareholders for the purpose of electing or removing one or more Trustees may be called (i) by the Trustees upon their own vote, or (ii) upon the demand of Shareholders owning 10% or more of the Shares of the Trust in the aggregate.

Section 2. Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee . The death, declination, resignation, retirement, removal, or incapacity of one or more Trustees, or all of them, shall not operate to annul the Trust or any Series or to revoke any existing agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration of Trust. Whenever a vacancy in the Board of Trustees shall occur, until such vacancy is filled as provided in this Declaration of Trust, or while any Trustee is physically or mentally incapacitated, the Trustee(s) in office, regardless of the number, shall have all the powers granted to the Board of Trustees and shall discharge all the duties imposed upon the Board of Trustees by this Declaration of Trust, and a certificate signed by a majority of the other Trustee(s) (or an officer of the Trust under authority of the other Trustees) of such vacancy, absence or incapacity, shall be conclusive.

Section 3. Powers . Subject to the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the business of the Trust shall be managed by the Board of Trustees, and such Board shall have all powers necessary or convenient to carry out that responsibility including the power to engage in securities transactions of all kinds on behalf of the Trust. Trustees, in all instances, shall act as principals and are and shall be free from the control of the Shareholders. The Trustees shall have full power and authority to do any and all

 

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acts and to make and execute any and all contracts and instruments that they may consider necessary or appropriate in connection with the administration of the Trust. Any action by one or more of the Trustees in their capacity as such hereunder shall be deemed an action on behalf of the Trust, and not an action in an individual capacity. Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees may: (i) adopt By-Laws not inconsistent with this Declaration of Trust providing for the regulation and management of the affairs of the Trust and may amend and repeal them to the extent that such By-Laws do not reserve that right to the Shareholders; (ii) fill vacancies in or remove from its number in accordance with this Declaration of Trust, and may elect and remove, with or without cause, such officers and appoint and terminate such agents as they consider appropriate; (iii) appoint from their own number and establish and terminate one or more committees consisting of two or more Trustees which may exercise the powers and authority of the Board of Trustees to the extent that the Trustees determine; (iv) employ one or more custodians of the assets of the Trust and may authorize such custodians to employ subcustodians and to deposit all or any part of such assets in a system or systems for the central handling of securities or with a Federal Reserve Bank, retain a transfer agent, distribution disbursing agent, a shareholder servicing agent or administrative services agent, or all of them; (v) provide for the issuance and distribution of Shares by the Trust directly or through one or more Principal Underwriters or otherwise; (vi) retain one or more Investment Advisers; (vii) redeem, repurchase and transfer Shares pursuant to applicable law; (viii) set record dates for the determination of Shareholders with respect to various matters; (ix) declare and pay dividends and distributions to Shareholders of each Series from the assets of such Series; (x) establish from time to time, in accordance with the provisions of Article III, hereof, any Series (or Class) of Shares, each such Series (or Class) to operate as a separate and distinct investment medium and with separately defined investment objectives and policies and distinct investment purpose; and (xi) in general delegate such authority as they consider desirable to any officer of the Trust, to any committee of the Trustees and to any agent or employee of the Trust or to any such administrator, custodian, transfer or shareholder servicing agent, Investment Adviser or Principal Underwriter. Without limiting the foregoing, the Board of Trustees shall have all the powers granted to a board of directors under the 1940 Act. Any determination as to what is in the interests of the Trust made by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the provisions of this Declaration of Trust, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant of power to the Trustees. The powers delegated to the Trustees in this Section 3 are without prejudice to the delegated powers of the Trustees set forth in the other provisions of this Declaration of Trust and the By-Laws. Unless otherwise specified herein or in the By-Laws or required by law, any action by the Board of Trustees shall be deemed effective if approved or taken by a majority of the Trustees then in office, present at a meeting of Trustees at which a quorum of Trustees is present, or a majority of any duly constituted committee of Trustees within or without the State of Delaware. Any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Trustees, or any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, if a majority of the Trustees or committee (as the case may be) (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be required by any express provision of this Declaration of Trust or the By-Laws) consent thereto in writing (manually or electronically), and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of the proceedings of the Board of Trustees, or committee, except as otherwise provided in the 1940 Act. Such action by written consent shall have the same force and effect as a majority vote at a meeting of the Board of Trustees, or committee thereof, as the case may be.

The Trustees shall devote to the affairs of the Trust such time as may be necessary for the proper performance of their duties hereunder, but the Trustees are not expected to devote their full time to the performance of such duties. The Trustees or any affiliate, partner or employee thereof, may engage in, or possess an interest in, any other business or venture of any nature and description, independently or with or for the account of others. Neither the Trust nor any Shareholder shall have the right to participate or share in such business or venture or any profit or compensation derived therefrom.

 

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Without limiting the foregoing, the Trustees shall have the power and authority to cause the Trust (or to act on behalf of the Trust):

(a) To invest and reinvest cash, to hold cash uninvested, and to subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in, purchase or otherwise acquire, own, hold, pledge, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, distribute, write options on, lend or otherwise deal in or dispose of contracts for the future acquisition or delivery of fixed income or other securities, and securities of every nature and kind, including, without limitation, all types of bonds, debentures, stocks, preferred stocks, negotiable or non-negotiable instruments, obligations, evidences of indebtedness, certificates of deposit or indebtedness, commercial paper, repurchase agreements, bankers acceptances, and other securities of any kind, issued, created guaranteed, or sponsored by any and all Persons, including, without limitation, states, territories, and possessions of the United States and the District of Columbia and any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, any foreign government or any political subdivision of the U.S. Government or any foreign government, or any international instrumentality, or by any bank or savings institution, or by any corporation or organization organized under the laws of the United States or of any state, territory, or possession thereof, or by any corporation or organization organized under any foreign law, in “when issued” contracts for any such securities, or such other instruments or interests as the Trustees deem appropriate which are referred to as securities or commodity interests under the federal securities and commodity laws, or otherwise; to change the investments of the assets of the Trust; and to exercise any and all rights, powers, and privileges of ownership or interest in respect of any and all such investments of every kind and description, including, without limitation, the right to consent and otherwise act with respect thereto, with power to designate one or more Persons, to exercise any of said rights, powers and privileges in respect of any of said instruments, and to do any and all acts and things for the preservation, protection, improvement and enhancement in value of any of such securities and other instruments or property;

(b) To sell, exchange, lend, pledge, mortgage, hypothecate, lease, or write options with respect to or otherwise deal in any property rights relating to any or all of the assets of the Trust or any Series, subject to any requirements of the 1940 Act;

(c) To vote or give assent, or exercise any rights of ownership, with respect to stock or other securities or property; and to execute and deliver proxies or powers of attorney to such Person or Persons as the Trustees shall deem proper, granting to such Person or Persons such power and discretion with relation to securities or property as the Trustees shall deem proper;

(d) To exercise powers and right of subscription or otherwise which in any manner arise out of ownership of securities;

(e) To hold any security or property in a form not indicating that it is Trust Property, whether in bearer, unregistered or other negotiable form, or in its own name or in the name of a custodian or subcustodian or a nominee or nominees or otherwise or to authorize the custodian or a subcustodian or a nominee or nominees to deposit the same in a securities depository;

(f) To consent to, or participate in, any plan for the reorganization, consolidation or merger of any corporation or issuer of any security which is held in the Trust; to consent to any contract, lease, mortgage, purchase or sale of property by such corporation or issuer; and to pay calls or subscriptions with respect to any security held in the Trust;

 

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(g) To join with other security holders in acting through a committee, depositary, voting trust or otherwise, and in that connection to deposit any security with, or transfer any security to, any such committee, depositary or voting trust, and to delegate to them such power and authority with relation to any security (whether or not so deposited or transferred) as the Trustees shall deem proper, and to agree to pay, and to pay, such portion of the expenses and compensation of such committee, depositary or voting trust as the Trustees shall deem proper;

(h) To litigate, compromise, arbitrate, settle or otherwise adjust claims in favor of or against the Trust or a Series, or any matter in controversy, including but not limited to claims for taxes;

(i) To enter into joint ventures, general or limited partnerships and any other combinations or associations;

(j) To borrow funds or other property in the name of the Trust or Series exclusively for Trust purposes;

(k) To endorse or guarantee the payment of any notes or other obligations of any Person; to make contracts of guaranty or suretyship, or otherwise assume liability for payment thereof;

(l) To purchase and pay for entirely out of Trust Property such insurance as the Trustees may deem necessary or appropriate for the conduct of the business, including, without limitation, insurance policies insuring the assets of the Trust or payment of distributions and principal on its portfolio investments, and insurance policies insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees, agents, administrators, Investment Advisers, Principal Underwriters, or independent contractors of the Trust, individually against all claims and liabilities of every nature arising by reason of holding Shares, holding, being or having held any such office or position, or by reason of any action alleged to have been taken or omitted by any such Person as Trustee, officer, employee, agent, Investment Adviser, Principal Underwriter, or independent contractor, including any action taken or omitted that may be determined to constitute negligence, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify such Person against liability;

(m) To adopt, establish and carry out pension, profit-sharing, share bonus, share purchase, savings, thrift and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans, trusts and provisions, including the purchasing of life insurance and annuity contracts as a means of providing such retirement and other benefits, for any or all of the Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust;

(n) To employ one or more banks, trust companies or companies that are members of a national securities exchange or such other entities as the Commission may permit as custodians of any assets of the Trust subject to any conditions set forth in this Declaration or Trust or in the By-Laws;

(o) To interpret the investment policies, practices or limitations of any Series or Class;

(p) To invest part or all of the Trust Property (or part or all of the assets of any Series), or to dispose of part or all of the Trust Property (or part or all of the assets of any Series) and invest the proceeds of such disposition, in securities issued by one or more other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act (including investment by means of transfer of part or all of the Trust Property in exchange for an interest or interests in such one or more investment companies) all without any requirement of approval by Shareholders unless required by the 1940 Act. Any such other investment company may (but need not) be a trust (formed under the laws of the State of Delaware or of any other state) which is classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes; and

 

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(q) To engage in any other lawful act or activity in which corporations organized as Delaware statutory trusts may engage.

The Trust shall not be limited to investing in obligations maturing before the possible termination of the Trust or one or more of its Series. The Trust shall not in any way be bound or limited by any present or future law or custom in regard to investment by fiduciaries. The Trust shall not be required to obtain any court order to deal with any assets of the Trust or take any other action hereunder.

The foregoing clauses shall each be construed as purposes, objects and powers, and it is hereby expressly provided that the foregoing enumeration of specific purposes, objects and powers shall not be held to limit or restrict in any manner the powers of the Trust, and that they are in furtherance of, and in addition to, and not in limitation of, the general powers conferred upon the Trust by the Delaware Act and the other laws of the State of Delaware or otherwise; nor shall the enumeration of one thing be deemed to exclude another, although it be of like nature, not expressed.

Section 4 . Payment of Expenses by the Trust . The Trustees are authorized to pay or cause to be paid out of the principal or income of the Trust or any Series (or Class), or partly out of the principal and partly out of the income, and to charge or allocate the same to, between or among such one or more of the Series (or Classes) that may be established or designated pursuant to Article III, as they deem fair, all expenses, fees, charges, taxes and liabilities incurred or arising in connection with the Trust or Series (or Class), or in connection with the management thereof, including, but not limited to, the Trustees’ compensation and such expenses and charges for the services of the Trust’s officers, employees, Investment Advisers, Principal Underwriter, auditors, counsel, custodian, transfer agent, shareholder servicing agent, and such other agents or independent contractors and such other expenses and charges as the Trustees may deem necessary or proper to incur.

Section 5 . Payment of Expenses by Shareholders . The Trustees shall have the power, as frequently as they may determine, to cause each Shareholder, or each Shareholder of any particular Series, to pay directly, in advance or arrears, for charges of the Trust’s custodian or transfer agent, shareholder servicing or similar agent, an amount fixed from time to time by the Trustees, by setting off such charges due from such Shareholder from declared but unpaid dividends owed such Shareholder and/or by reducing the number of Shares in the account of such Shareholder by that number of full and/or fractional Shares which represents the outstanding amount of such charges due from such Shareholder.

Section 6 . Ownership of Assets of the Trust . Title to all of the assets of the Trust shall at all times be considered as vested in the Trust, except that the Trustees shall have power to cause legal title to any Trust Property to be held by or in the name of one or more of the Trustees, or in the name of the Trust, or in the name of any other Person as nominee, on behalf of the Trust and on such terms as the Trustees may determine. The right, title and interest of the Trustees in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in each Person who may hereafter become a Trustee. Upon the resignation, removal or death of a Trustee he or she shall automatically cease to have any right, title or interest in any of the Trust Property, and the right, title and interest of such Trustee in the Trust Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees. Such vesting and cessation of right, title and interest shall be effective whether or not conveyancing documents have been executed and delivered.

Section 7 . Service Contracts .

(a) Subject to such requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the By-Laws, the Trustees may, at any time and from time to time, contract for exclusive or nonexclusive advisory (and sub-advisory), management and/or administrative services for the Trust or for any Series with any Person,

 

12


including any affiliate, and any such contract may contain such other terms as the Trustees may determine, including without limitation, authority for an Investment Adviser to determine from time to time without prior consultation with the Trustees what investments shall be purchased or otherwise acquired, owned, held, invested or reinvested in, sold, exchanged, transferred, mortgaged, pledged, assigned, negotiated, or otherwise dealt with or disposed of, and what portion, if any, of the Trust Property shall be held uninvested and to make changes in the Trust’s or a particular Series’ investments, or such other activities as may specifically be delegated to such Person.

(b) The Trustees may also, at any time and from time to time, contract with any Persons, including any affiliate, appointing such Person(s) exclusive or nonexclusive distributor or Principal Underwriter for the Shares of one or more of the Series (or Classes) or other securities to be issued by the Trust. Every such contract shall comply with such requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the By-Laws; and any such contract may contain such other terms as the Trustees may determine.

(c) The Trustees are also empowered, at any time and from time to time, to contract with any Persons appointing such Person(s), including any affiliate, to serve as custodians, transfer agents and/or shareholder servicing agents or other agents for the Trust or one or more of its Series or Classes. Every such contract shall comply with such requirements and restrictions as may be set forth in the By-Laws or stipulated by resolution of the Trustees.

(d) The Trustees are further empowered, at any time and from time to time, to contract with any Persons, including any affiliate, to provide such other services to the Trust or one or more of the Series, as the Trustees determine to be in the best interests of the Trust and the applicable Series.

(e) The fact that:

(i) any of the Shareholders, Trustees, or officers of the Trust is a shareholder, director, officer, partner, trustee, employee, manager, adviser, principal underwriter, distributor, or affiliate or agent of or for any corporation, trust, association, or other organization or for any parent or affiliate of any organization with which an advisory, management or administration contract, or principal underwriter’s or distributor’s contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other type of service contract may have been or may hereafter be made, or that any such organization, or any parent or affiliate thereof, is a Shareholder or has an interest in the Trust, or that

(ii) any Person with which an advisory, management or administration contract or principal underwriter’s or distributor’s contract, or transfer, shareholder servicing or other type of service contract may have been or may hereafter be made also has an advisory, management or administration contract, or principal underwriter’s or distributor’s contract, or transfer agent, shareholder servicing or other service contract or has other business or interests with any other Person shall not affect the validity of any such contract or disqualify any Shareholder, Trustee or officer of the Trust from voting upon or executing the same, or create any liability or accountability to the Trust or its Shareholders, provided approval of each such contract is made pursuant to the requirements of the 1940 Act.

 

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ARTICLE V.

Shareholders’ Voting Powers and Meetings

Section 1 . Voting Powers . Subject to the provisions of Article III, Section 7(d), Shareholders shall have power to vote only (i) for the election or removal of Trustees as provided in Article IV, Section 1, and (ii) with respect to such additional matters relating to the Trust as may be required by this Declaration of Trust, the By-Laws, the 1940 Act or any registration statement of the Trust filed with the Commission (or any successor agency) or any state, or as the Trustees may consider necessary or desirable. Each whole Share shall be entitled to one vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote and each fractional Share shall be entitled to a proportionate fractional vote as to any matter on which it is entitled to vote. To the extent that the 1940 Act or Delaware law is amended by rule, regulation, order, or no-action letter to eliminate or limit Shareholders’ right to vote on any specific matter, the Shareholders’ right to vote shall be deemed to be amended, modified or interpreted in accordance therewith without further approval by the Trustees or the Shareholders. Shares may be voted in person or by proxy or by any manner authorized by the Trustees. Unless the Trustees declare otherwise, proxies may be given by any electronic or telecommunications device, including telefax, telephone or through the Internet or any other means permissible under the Delaware Act, but if a proposal by anyone other than the officers or Trustees is submitted to a vote of the Shareholders of any Series or Class, or if there is a proxy contest or proxy solicitation or proposal in opposition to any proposal by the officers or Trustees, Shares may be voted only in person or by written proxy unless the Trustees specifically authorize other permissible methods of transmission. Until Shares of a Series are issued, the Trustees may exercise all of the rights of the Shareholders of such Series with respect to the Trust or such particular Series required or permitted by law or this Declaration of Trust and the By-Laws to be taken by Shareholders. A proxy with respect to Shares held in the name of two or more persons shall be valid if executed by any one of them unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy the Trust receives a specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them. A proxy purporting to be executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger.

Section 2 . Additional Provisions . The By-Laws may include further provisions for Shareholders’ votes and meetings and related matters.

 

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ARTICLE VI.

Net Asset Value, Distributions, and Redemptions

Section 1 . Determination of Net Asset Value, Net Income, and Distributions . Subject to Article III, Section 7 hereof, the Trustees, in their absolute discretion, may prescribe and shall set forth in the By-Laws or in a duly adopted vote of the Trustees such bases and time for determining the per Share or net asset value of the Shares of any Series (or Class) or net income attributable to the Shares of any Series (or Class), or the declaration and payment of dividends and distributions on the Shares of any Series, as they may deem necessary or desirable.

Section 2 . Redemptions and Repurchases . The Trust shall purchase such Shares as are offered by any Shareholder for redemption, upon the presentation of a proper instrument of transfer together with a request in proper form directed to the Trust or a Person designated by the Trust that the Trust purchase such Shares or in accordance with such other procedures for redemption as the Trustees may from time to time authorize; and the Trust will pay therefor the net asset value thereof, in accordance with the By-Laws and applicable law. Payment for said Shares shall be made by the Trust to the Shareholder within seven days after the date on which the request is made in proper form. The obligation set forth in this Section 2 is subject to the provision that in the event that any time the New York Stock Exchange (the “Exchange”) is closed for other than weekends or holidays, or if permitted by the Commission during periods when trading on the Exchange is restricted or during any emergency which makes it impracticable for the Trust to dispose of the investments of the applicable Series or to determine fairly the value of the net assets held with respect to such Series or during any other period permitted by order of the Commission for the protection of investors, such obligations may be suspended or postponed by the Trustees.

The redemption price may in any case or cases be paid wholly or partly in kind if the Trustees determine that such payment is advisable in the interest of the remaining Shareholders of the Series for which the Shares are being redeemed. Subject to the foregoing, the fair value, selection and quantity of securities or other property so paid or delivered as all or part of the redemption price may be determined by or under authority of the Trustees. In no case shall the Trust be liable for any delay of any corporation or other Person in transferring securities selected for delivery as all or part of any payment in kind.

Section 3 . Redemptions at the Option of the Trust . The Trustees may require Shareholders to redeem Shares for any reason under terms set by the Trustees, including, but not limited to: (i) the determination of the Trustees that direct or indirect ownership of Shares of any Series has or may become concentrated in such Shareholder to an extent that would disqualify any Series as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (or any successor statute thereto); (ii) the failure of a Shareholder to supply a tax identification number if required to do so, or to have the minimum investment required (which may vary by Series or Class); or (iii) the failure of a Shareholder to pay when due for the purchase of Shares issued to him. Any such redemption shall be effected at the redemption price and in the manner provided in this Article VI.

Section 4 . Disclosure of Ownership . The holders of Shares shall upon demand disclose to the Trustees in writing such information with respect to direct and indirect ownership of Shares as the Trustees deem necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code, as amended (or any successor statute thereto), or to comply with the requirements of any other taxing authority or other applicable law.

 

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ARTICLE VII.

Compensation and Limitation of Liability of Trustees

Section 1 . Compensation . The Trustees as such shall be entitled to reasonable compensation from the Trust, and they may fix the amount of such compensation from time to time. Nothing herein shall in any way prevent the employment of any Trustee to provide investment advisory, management, legal, accounting, investment banking or other services and to be compensated for such services by the Trust.

Section 2 . Indemnification and Limitation of Liability . A Trustee, when acting in such capacity, shall not be personally liable to any Person, other than the Trust or a Shareholder to the extent provided in this Article VII, for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust, of such Trustee, or of any other Trustee. A Trustee shall be liable to the Trust and to any Shareholder solely for his or her own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the office of Trustee, and shall not be liable for errors of judgment or mistakes of fact or law. The Trustees shall not be responsible or liable in any event for any neglect or wrong-doing of any officer, agent, employee, Investment Adviser or Principal Underwriter of the Trust, nor shall any Trustee be responsible for the act or omission of any other Trustee. The Trust shall indemnify each Person who is, or has been, a Trustee, officer, employee or agent of the Trust, any Person who is serving or has served at the Trust’s request as a Trustee, officer, trustee, employee or agent of another organization in which the Trust has any interest as a shareholder, creditor or otherwise to the extent and in the manner provided in the By-Laws.

All persons extending credit to, contracting with or having any claim against the Trust or the Trustees shall look only to the assets of the appropriate Series, or, if the Trustees have yet to establish Series, of the Trust for payment under such credit, contract or claim; and neither the Trustees nor the Shareholders, nor any of the Trust’s officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.

Every note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking and every other act or thing whatsoever executed or done by or on behalf of the Trust or Trustees by any of them in connection with the Trust shall conclusively be deemed to have been executed or done only in or with respect to his or their capacity as Trustee or Trustees, and such Trustee or Trustees shall not be personally liable thereon. At the Trustees’ discretion, any note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking made or issued by the Trustees or by any officer or officers may give notice that the Certificate of Trust is on file in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware and that a limitation on the liability of each Series exists and such note, bond, contract, instrument, certificate or undertaking may, if the Trustees so determine, recite that the same was executed or made on behalf of the Trust or by a Trustee or Trustees in such capacity and not individually or by an officer or officers in such capacity and not individually and that the obligations of such instrument are not binding upon any of them or the Shareholders individually but are binding only on the assets and property of the Trust or a Series thereof, and may contain such further recital as such Person or Persons may deem appropriate. The omission of any such notice or recital shall in no way operate to bind any Trustees, officers or Shareholders individually.

Section 3 . Trustee’s Reliance, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety . The exercise by the Trustees of their powers and discretions hereunder shall be binding upon everyone interested. The Trustees shall not be required to give any bond as such, nor any surety if a bond is required. Each Trustee, officer or employee of the Trust shall, in the performance of his or her duties, powers and discretions hereunder, be fully and completely justified and protected with regard to any act or any failure to act resulting from reliance in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the Trust, upon an opinion of counsel,

 

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or upon reports made to the Trust thereof by any of its officers or employees or by the Investment Adviser, the administrator, the Principal Underwriter, transfer agent, custodian, selected dealers, accountants, appraisers or other experts or consultants selected with reasonable care by the Trustees, officers or employees of the Trust, regardless of whether such counsel or expert may also be a Trustee. The officers and Trustees may obtain the advice of counsel or other experts with respect to the meaning and operation of this Declaration of Trust and their duties as officers or Trustees. No such officer or Trustee shall be liable for any act or omission in accordance with such advice and no inference concerning liability shall arise from a failure to follow such advice.

Section 4 . Insurance . The Trustees shall be entitled and empowered to the fullest extent permitted by law to purchase with Trust Property insurance for liability and for all expenses reasonably incurred or paid or expected to be paid by a Trustee or officer in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he or she becomes involved by virtue of his or her capacity or former capacity with the Trust, whether or not the Trust would have the power to indemnify him or her against such liability under the provisions of this Article.

ARTICLE VIII.

Miscellaneous

Section 1 . Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees . No Person dealing with the Trustees shall be bound to make any inquiry concerning the validity of any transaction made or to be made by the Trustees or to see to the application of any payments made or property transferred to the Trust or upon its order.

Section 2 . Termination of Trust or Series .

(a) Unless terminated as provided herein, the Trust shall continue without limitation of time. The Trust may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Shares of each Series entitled to vote, voting separately by Series, or by the Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders. Any Series or Class may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Shares of that Series or Class entitled to vote, or by the Trustees by written notice to the Shareholders of that Series or Class.

(b) Upon the requisite Shareholder vote or action by the Trustees to terminate the Trust or any one or more Series of Shares or any Class thereof, after paying or otherwise providing for all charges, taxes, expenses and liabilities, whether due or accrued or anticipated, of the Trust or of the particular Series of any Class thereof as may be determined by the Trustees, the Trust shall, in accordance with such procedures as the Trustees consider appropriate, reduce the remaining assets of the Trust or of the affected Series or Class to distributable form in cash or Shares (if any Series remain) or other securities, or any combination thereof, and distribute the proceeds to the Shareholders of the Series or Classes involved, ratably according to the number of Shares of such Series or Class held by the several Shareholders of such Series or Class on the date of distribution. Thereupon, the Trust or any affected Series or Class shall terminate and the Trustees and the Trust shall be discharged of any and all further liabilities and duties relating thereto or arising therefrom, and the right, title and interest of all parties with respect to the Trust or such Series or Class shall be canceled and discharged.

(c) Upon termination of the Trust, following completion of winding up of its business, the Trustees shall cause a certificate of cancellation of the Trust’s Certificate of Trust to be filed in accordance with the Delaware Act, which certificate of cancellation may be signed by any one Trustee.

 

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Section 3 . Merger, Consolidation and Reorganization .

(a) Notwithstanding anything else herein, the Trustees may, without Shareholder vote or approval unless such approval or vote is required by applicable federal and state law, (i) cause the Trust to convert or merge, reorganize or consolidate with or into one or more trusts, partnerships, limited liability companies, associations, corporations or other business entities (or a segregated portfolio of assets (“series”) of any of the foregoing to the extent permitted by law) (including trusts, partnerships, limited liability companies, associations, corporations or other business entities created by the Trustees to accomplish such conversion, merger, reorganization or consolidation) so long as the surviving or resulting entity is an open-end management investment company under the 1940 Act, or is a series thereof, to the extent permitted by law, and that, in the case of any trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity created by the Trustees to accomplish such conversion, merger, reorganization or consolidation, may succeed to or assume the Trust’s registration under the 1940 Act and that, in any case, is formed, organized or existing under the laws of the United States or of a state, commonwealth, possession or colony of the United States, (ii) cause the Shares to be exchanged under or pursuant to any state or federal statute to the extent permitted by law, (iii) cause the Trust to incorporate under the laws of a state, commonwealth, possession or colony of the United States (iv) sell or convey all or substantially all of the assets of the Trust or any Series or Class to another Series or Class of the Trust or to another trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity (or a series of any of the foregoing to the extent permitted by law) (including a trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity created by the Trustees to accomplish such sale and conveyance), organized under the laws of the United States or of any state, commonwealth, possession or colony of the United States so long as such trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity is an open-end management investment company under the 1940 Act and, in the case of any trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity created by the Trustees to accomplish such sale and conveyance, may succeed to or assume the Trust’s registration under the 1940 Act, for adequate consideration as determined by the Trustees which may include the assumption of all outstanding obligations, taxes and other liabilities, accrued or contingent of the Trust or any affected Series or Class, and which may include Shares of such other Series or Class of the Trust or shares of beneficial interest, stock or other ownership interest of such trust, partnership, limited liability company, association, corporation or other business entity (or series thereof) or (v) at any time sell or convert into money all or any part of the assets of the Trust or any Series or Class thereof. Any agreement of merger, reorganization, consolidation or conversion or exchange or certificate of merger, certificate of conversion or other applicable certificate may be signed by a majority of the Trustees and facsimile signatures conveyed by electronic or telecommunication means shall be valid.

(b) Pursuant to and in accordance with the provisions of Section 3815(f) of the Delaware Act, and notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Declaration of Trust, an agreement of merger or consolidation approved by the Trustees in accordance with this Section 3 may effect any amendment to this Declaration of Trust or effect the adoption of a new governing instrument of the Trust if the Trust is the surviving or resulting entity in the merger or consolidation.

(c) Notwithstanding anything else herein, the Trustees may, without Shareholder vote or approval unless such approval or vote is required by applicable federal and state law, invest all or a portion of the Trust Property of any Series, or dispose of all or a portion of the Trust Property of any Series, and invest the proceeds of such disposition in interests issued by one or more other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. Any such other investment company may (but need not) be a trust (formed under the laws of the State of Delaware or any other state or jurisdiction) (or subtrust thereof) which is classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.

 

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Section 4 . Amendments . Except as specifically provided herein, the Trustees, without Shareholder vote, may amend or otherwise supplement this Declaration of Trust by making an amendment, a Declaration of Trust supplemental hereto, or an amended and restated declaration of trust. Any such restatement, amendment and/or supplement hereto shall be effective immediately upon execution and approval. Shareholders shall have the right to vote (i) on any amendment which would affect their right to vote granted in Section 1 of Article V hereof, (ii) on any amendment to this Section 4 of Article VIII, (iii) on any amendment as may be required by law, and (iv) on any amendment submitted to the Shareholders by the Trustees. Any amendment required or permitted to be submitted to Shareholders which, as the Trustees determine, shall affect the Shareholders of one or more Series (or Class) shall be authorized by vote of the Shareholders of each Series (or Class) affected and no vote of Shareholders of a Series (or Class) not affected shall be required. Notwithstanding anything else herein, no amendment hereof shall limit the rights to indemnification referred in Article VII, Section 3 hereof with respect to any actions or omissions of Persons covered thereby prior to such amendment. The Trustees may, without Shareholder vote, restate, amend, or otherwise supplement the Certificate of Trust as they deem necessary or desirable, any such restatement, amendment and/or supplement shall be effective immediately upon filing with the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware or upon such future date as may be stated therein.

Section 5 . Filing of Copies, References, Headings . The original or a copy of this Declaration of Trust and of each restatement and/or amendment hereto shall be kept at the office of the Trust where it may be inspected by any Shareholder. Anyone dealing with the Trust may rely on a certificate by an officer of the Trust as to whether or not any such restatements and/or amendments have been made and as to any matters in connection with the Trust hereunder; and, with the same effect as if it were the original, may rely on a copy certified by an officer of the Trust to be a copy of this Declaration of Trust or of any such restatements and/or amendments. Headings are placed herein for convenience of reference only and shall not be taken as a part hereof or control or affect the meaning, construction or effect of this instrument. Whenever the singular number is used herein, the same shall include the plural; and the neuter, masculine and feminine genders shall include each other, as applicable. This instrument may be executed in any number of counterparts each of which shall be deemed an original.

Section 6 . Applicable Law . The Trust set forth in this Declaration of Trust is made in the State of Delaware, and the Trust and this Declaration of Trust, and the rights and obligations of the Trustees and Shareholders hereunder, are to be governed by and construed and administered according to the Delaware Act and the laws of said State. The Trust shall be of the type commonly called a statutory trust, and without limiting the provisions hereof, the Trust specifically reserves the right to exercise any of the powers or privileges afforded to statutory trusts or actions that may be engaged in by statutory trusts under the Delaware Act, and the absence of a specific reference herein to any such power, privilege or action shall not imply that the Trust may not exercise such power or privilege or take such actions.

Section 7 . Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations .

(a) The provisions of this Declaration of Trust are severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice of counsel, that any of such provisions is in conflict with the 1940 Act, the Code, the Delaware Act or with other applicable laws and regulations, the conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted a part of this Declaration of Trust; provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions of this Declaration of Trust or render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination.

 

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(b) If any provision of this Declaration of Trust shall be held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other provision of this Declaration of Trust in any jurisdiction.

Section 8 . Statutory Trust Only . It is the intention of the Trustees to create a statutory trust pursuant to the Delaware Act, and thereby to create only the relationship of Trustee and beneficial owners within the meaning of such Delaware Act between the Trustees and each Shareholder. It is not the intention of the Trustees to create a general partnership, limited partnership, joint stock association, corporation, bailment, or any form of legal relationship other than a statutory trust pursuant to such Delaware Act. Nothing in this Declaration of Trust shall be construed to make the Shareholders, either by themselves or with the Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock association.

Section 9 . Applicability of 1940 Act and Registration Statement . The Trustees acknowledge that this Declaration of Trust is not intended to, and does not, set forth the substantive provisions contained in the 1940 Act and the Trust’s registration statement that affect numerous aspects of the conduct of the Trust’s business and of the rights, privileges and obligations of the Shareholders. Each provision of this Declaration of Trust shall be subject to and interpreted in a manner consistent with the applicable provisions of the 1940 Act and such registration statement.

Section 10 . Trustees May Resolve Ambiguities . The Trustees may construe any of the provisions of this Declaration of Trust insofar as the same may appear to be ambiguous or inconsistent with any other provisions hereof, and any such construction hereof by the Trustees in good faith shall be conclusive as to the meaning to be given to such provisions.

Section 11 . Use of the Name “Reality Shares” . The name “Reality Shares” and all rights to the use of the name “Reality Shares” belong to Reality Shares Inc. and its affiliates (collectively, “Reality Shares”), the sponsor of the Trust. Reality Shares has consented to the use by the Trust of the identifying word “Reality Shares” and has granted to the Trust a non-exclusive license to use the name “Reality Shares” as part of the name of the Trust and the name of any Series of Shares. In the event an affiliate of Reality Shares is not appointed as Investment Adviser or ceases to be the Investment Adviser of the Trust or of any Series using such name, the non-exclusive license granted herein may be revoked by Reality Shares and the Trust shall cease using the name “Reality Shares” as part of its name or the name of any Series of Shares, unless otherwise consented to by or any successor to its interests in such names.

[ The remainder of this page left intentionally blank. ]

 

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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned, being the initial Trustee of the Trust, has executed this Agreement and Declaration of Trust as of the 7th day of November, 2013.

 

  /s/ Eric R. Ervin
  Name: Eric R. Ervin
  Title: Initial Trustee

THE PRINCIPAL PLACE OF BUSINESS OF THE TRUST IS:

402 West Broadway

Suite 2800

San Diego, California 92101

 

Signature Page – Agreement and Declaration of Trust


AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST

OF

REALITY SHARES FINANCIAL TRUST

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

ARTICLE I

  

Names and Definitions

     1   

Name

     1   

Definitions

     1   

ARTICLE II

  

Purpose of the Trust

     2   

ARTICLE III

  

Shares

     3   

Division of Beneficial Interest

     3   

Ownership of Shares

     3   

Transfer of Shares

     4   

Investments in the Trust

     4   

Status of Shares and Limitation of Personal Liability

     4   

Power of Board of Trustees to Change Provisions Relating to Shares

     5   

Establishment and Designation of Shares

     5   

Indemnification of Shareholders

     7   

ARTICLE IV

  

The Board of Trustees

     8   

Number, Election and Tenure

     8   

Effect of Death, Resignation, etc. of a Trustee

     8   

Powers

     8   

Payment of Expenses by the Trust

     12   

Payment of Expenses by Shareholders

     12   

Ownership of Assets of the Trust

     12   

Service Contracts

     12   

ARTICLE V

  

Shareholders’ Voting Powers and Meetings

     14   

Voting Powers

     14   

Additional Provisions

     14   

ARTICLE VI

  

Net Asset Value, Distributions, and Redemptions

     15   

Determination of Net Asset Value, Net Income, and Distributions

     15   

Redemptions and Repurchases

     15   

Redemptions at the Option of the Trust

     15   

Disclosure of Ownership

     15   


ARTICLE VII

  

Compensation and Limitation of Liability of Trustees

     16   

Compensation

     16   

Indemnification and Limitation of Liability

     16   

Trustee’s Good Faith Action, Expert Advice, No Bond or Surety

     16   

Insurance

     17   

ARTICLE VIII

  

Miscellaneous

     17   

Liability of Third Persons Dealing with Trustees

     17   

Termination of Trust or Series

     17   

Merger, Consolidation and Reorganization

     18   

Amendments

     19   

Filing of Copies, References, Headings

     19   

Applicable Law

     19   

Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulations

     19   

Statutory Trust Only

     20   

Applicability of 1940 Act and Registration Statement

     20   

Trustees May Resolve Ambiguities

     20   

Use of the Name “Reality Shares”

     20   

AMENDED AND RESTATED

BY-LAWS

OF

REALITY SHARES ETF TRUST

ARTICLE 1

Agreement and Declaration

of Trust and Offices

1.1. AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST. These By-Laws shall be subject to the Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as from time to time in effect (the “Declaration of Trust”), of Reality Shares ETF Trust (the “Trust”), the Delaware statutory trust established by the Declaration of Trust.

1.2. PRINCIPAL OFFICE OF THE TRUST. The principal office of the Trust shall be located at such place within or without the State of Delaware as the Trustees may determine from time to time.

1.3. OTHER OFFICES. The Board of Trustees may at any time establish branch or subordinate offices at any place or places where the Trust intends to do business.

Article 2

Meetings of Shareholders

2.1. PLACE OF MEETING. Meetings of the Shareholders for the election of Trustees shall be held in such place as shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Trustees and stated in the notice of the meeting.

2.2. ANNUAL MEETINGS. An Annual Meeting of Shareholders will not be held unless the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), requires the election of Trustees to be acted upon.

2.3. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special Meetings of the Shareholders may be called at any time by the Chairman, or President, or by a majority of the Board of Trustees, and shall be called by the Secretary upon written request of the holders of shares entitled to cast not less than ten percent (10%) of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting provided that:

 

  (a) Such request shall state the purposes of such meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on.

 

  (b) The Shareholders requesting such meeting shall have paid to the Trust the reasonable estimated cost of preparing and mailing the notice thereof, which the Secretary shall determine and specify to such Shareholders. No special meeting need be called upon the request of Shareholders entitled to cast less than a majority of all votes entitled to be cast at such meeting to consider any matter which is substantially the same as a matter voted on at any meeting of the Shareholders held during the preceding twelve months. The foregoing provisions of this section 3, notwithstanding a special meeting of Shareholders shall be called upon the request of the holders of at least ten percent of the votes entitled to be cast for the purpose of consideration of the removal of a Trustee from office as provided in section 16(c) of the 1940 Act.


2.4. NOTICE. Not less than seven days before the date of every Annual or Special Shareholders Meeting, the Secretary shall cause to be mailed to each Shareholder entitled to vote at such meeting at his (her) address (as it appears on the records of the Trust at the time of mailing) written notice stating the time and place of the meeting and, in the case of a Special Meeting of Shareholders, shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice. Notice of adjournment of a Shareholders meeting to another time or place need not be given, if such time and place are announced at the meeting.

2.5. RECORD DATE FOR MEETINGS. Subject to the provisions of the Trust’s Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the “Declaration of Trust”), the Board of Trustees may fix in advance a date not more than ninety, nor less than ten days, prior to the date of any annual or special meeting of the Shareholders as a record date for the determination of the Shareholders entitled to receive notice of, and to vote at any meeting and any adjournment thereof; and in such case such Shareholders and only such Shareholders as shall be Shareholders of record on the date so fixed shall be entitled to receive notice of and to vote at such meeting and any adjournment thereof as the case may be, notwithstanding any transfer of any stock on the books of the Trust after any such record date fixed as aforesaid.

2.6. QUORUM. Except as otherwise provided by the 1940 Act or in the Trust’s Declaration of Trust, at any meeting of Shareholders, the presence in person or by proxy of the holders of record of Shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote representing more than twenty-five percent (25%) of the total combined net asset value of all Shares issued and outstanding and entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of any business at the meeting.

If, however, a quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the Shareholders, the holders of a majority of the votes present or in person or by proxy shall have the power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date or another date and time within a reasonable time after the date set for the original meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.

2.7. VOTING. Each Shareholder shall have one vote for each share (and a fractional vote for each fractional share) held by such Shareholder on the record date set pursuant to Section 5 on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of Shareholders. For purposes of this section and Section 6 of this Article 2, net asset value shall be determined pursuant to Section 1 Article 12 of these By-Laws as of the record date for such meeting set pursuant to Section 5. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election of Trustees. Votes may be made in person or by proxy.

At all meetings of the Shareholders, a quorum being present, all matters shall be decided by majority of the votes entitled to be cast held by Shareholders present in person or by proxy, unless the question is one for which by express provision of the laws of the State of Delaware, the 1940 Act, or the Declaration of Trust, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall control the decision of such question. At all meetings of Shareholders, unless the voting is conducted by inspectors, all questions relating to the qualification of voters and the validity of proxies and the acceptance or rejection of votes shall be decided by the Chairman of the meeting.

2.8. INSPECTORS. At any election of Trustees, the Board of Trustees prior thereto may, or, if they have not so acted, the Chairman of the meeting may appoint one or more inspectors of election who shall first subscribe an oath of affirmation to execute faithfully the duties of inspectors at such election with strict impartiality and according to the best of their ability, and shall after the election make a certificate of the result of the vote taken.


2.9. STOCK LEDGER AND LIST OF SHAREHOLDERS. It shall be the duty of the Secretary or Assistant Secretary of the Trust to cause an original or duplicate share ledger to be maintained at the office of the Trust’s transfer agent. Such share ledger may be in written form or any other form capable of being converted into written form within a reasonable time for visual inspection.

2.10. ACTION WITHOUT MEETING. Any action to be taken by Shareholders may be taken without a meeting and without prior notice if Shareholders holding a majority of the Shares entitled to vote on the matter (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be required by any express provision of the Declaration of Trust, by the By-Laws or by applicable law) and holding a majority (or such larger proportion as aforesaid) of the Shares of any Series (or Class) entitled to vote separately on the matter consent to the action in writing and such written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Shareholders. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Shareholders.

ARTICLE 3

Trustees

3.1. GENERAL POWERS. The business of the Trust shall be managed under the direction of its Board of Trustees, which may exercise all powers of the Trust, except such as are by statute, or the Declaration of Trust, or by these By-Laws conferred upon or reserved to the shareholders.

3.2. NUMBER AND TERM OF OFFICE. The number of Trustees which shall constitute the whole Board shall be determined from time to time by the Board of Trustees, but shall not be fewer than the minimum number permitted by applicable laws, nor more than fifteen. Each Trustee elected shall hold office until he or she dies, resigns, is declared bankrupt or incompetent by a court or appropriate jurisdiction, or is removed, or until the next meeting of Shareholders called for the purpose of electing Trustees and until the election and qualification of his or her successor. Trustees need not be shareholders.

3.3. ELECTIONS. Provided a quorum is present, the Trustees shall be elected by the vote of a plurality of the votes present in person or by proxy, except that any vacancy on the Board of Trustees may be filled by a majority vote of the Board of Trustees, although less than a quorum, subject to the requirements of Section 16(a) of the 1940 Act.

3.4. REGULAR MEETINGS. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without call or notice at such places and at such times as the Trustees may from time to time determine, provided that notice of the first regular meeting following any such determination shall be given to absent Trustees.

3.5. SPECIAL MEETINGS. Special meetings of the Trustees may be held, at any time and at any place designated in the call of the meeting, when called by the Chairman of the Board, if any, the President or the Treasurer or by two or more Trustees, sufficient notice thereof being given to each Trustee by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or by the officer or the Trustees calling the meeting.

3.6. NOTICE. It shall be sufficient notice to a Trustee of a special meeting to send notice by mail to the Trustee at his or her usual or last known business or residence address at least forty-eight hours or by any electronic or telecommunications device, including telefax or through the Internet at least twenty-four hours before the meeting addressed to the Trustee or to give notice to him or her in person or by telephone at least twenty-four hours before the meeting. Notice of a meeting need not be given to any Trustee if a written waiver of notice, executed by him or her before or after the meeting, is filed with the records of the meeting, or to any Trustee who attends the meeting without protesting prior thereto or at its commencement the lack of notice to him or her. Neither notice of a meeting nor a waiver of a notice need specify the purposes of the meeting (unless otherwise required by applicable law).


3.7. QUORUM. At any meeting of the Trustees one-third of the Trustees then in office shall constitute a quorum. Any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes cast upon the question, whether or not a quorum is present, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further notice.

3.8. ACTION BY VOTE. When a quorum is present at any meeting, a majority of Trustees present may take any action, except when a larger vote is expressly required by law, by the Declaration of Trust or by these By-Laws.

3.9. ACTION BY WRITING. Except as required by law, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Trustees may be taken without a meeting if a majority of the Trustees (or such larger proportion thereof as shall be required by any express law or provision of the Declaration of Trust or these By-Laws) consent to the action in writing (manually or electronically) and such written consents are filed with the records of the meetings of Trustees. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as a vote taken at a meeting of Trustees.

3.10. PRESENCE THROUGH COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT. Except as required by law, the Trustees may participate in a meeting of Trustees by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.

3.11. COMPENSATION. Any Trustee, whether or not he is a salaried officer or employee of the Trust, may be compensated for his services as Trustee or as a member of a Committee of Trustees, or as chairman of a Committee by fixed periodic payments or by fees for attendance at meetings or by both, and in addition may be reimbursed for transportation and other expenses, all in such manner and amounts as the Board of Trustees may from time to time determine.

ARTICLE 4

Notices

4.1. FORM. Notices to Shareholders and Trustees shall be delivered by any method legally permissible with respect to that type of notice. Such methods may include oral, written, electronic, or otherwise. Delivery of notice shall be made using the most current contact information for that Shareholder or Trustee appearing on the books of the Trust. Notice by mail shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be mailed. Subject to the provisions of the 1940 Act, notice to Trustees need not state the purpose of a regular or special meeting.

4.2. WAIVER. Whenever any notice of the time, place or purpose of any meeting of Shareholders, Trustees or a Committee is required to be given under the provisions of the Declaration of Trust or these By-Laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice and filed with the records of the meeting, whether before or after the holding thereof, or actual attendance at the meeting of Shareholders in person or by proxy, or at the meeting of Trustees or a Committee in person, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice to such persons.


ARTICLE 5

Officers

5.1. ENUMERATION; QUALIFICATION. The officers of the Trust shall be a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary, a Chief Compliance Officer and such other officers, if any, as the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion elect. The Trust may also have such agents as the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion appoint. The Chairman of the Board, if one is elected, shall be a Trustee and may but need not be a Shareholder; and any other officer may but need not be a Trustee or Shareholder. Any two or more offices may be held by the same person.

5.2. ELECTION AND TENURE. The President, the Treasurer, the Secretary, the Chief Compliance Officer and such other officers as the Trustees from time to time may in their discretion elect shall each be elected by the Trustees to serve until his or her successor is elected or qualified, or until he or she sooner dies, resigns, is removed or becomes disqualified. Each officer shall hold office and each agent shall retain authority at the pleasure of the Trustees. Any officer or agent may be removed by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Trustees whenever, in its judgment, the best interests of the Trust will be served thereby. In addition, any officer or agent appointed pursuant to Section 1 of this Article 5 may be removed, either with or without cause, by any officer upon whom such power of removal shall have been conferred by the Board of Trustees. Any vacancy occurring in any office of the Trust by death, resignation, removal or otherwise shall be filled by the Board of Trustees, unless pursuant to Section 1 of this Article 5 the power of appointment has been conferred by the Board of Trustees on any other officer.

5.3. POWERS. Subject to the other provisions of these By-Laws, each officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers set forth herein and in the Declaration of Trust, such duties and powers as are commonly incident to the office occupied by him or her as if the Trust were organized as a Delaware business corporation and such other duties and powers as the Trustees may from time to time designate.

5.4. PRESIDENT. The President shall be the principal executive officer of the Trust. He or she may call meetings of the Trustees and of any Committee thereof when he or she deems it necessary and, in the absence of the Chairman, shall preside at all meetings of the Shareholders. Subject to the control of the Trustees, the Chairman and any Committees of the Trustees, within their respective spheres, as provided by the Trustees, the President shall at all times exercise a general supervision and direction over the affairs of the Trust. The President shall have the power to employ attorneys and counsel for the Trust and to employ such subordinate officers, agents, secretaries, clerks and employees as he or she may find necessary to transact the business of the Trust. He or she shall also have the power to grant, issue, execute or sign such powers of attorney, proxies or other documents as may be deemed advisable or necessary in furtherance of the interests of the Trust. The President shall have such powers and duties as from time to time may be conferred upon or assigned to him or her by the Trustees.

5.5. VICE PRESIDENT(S). In the absence or disability of the President, the Vice President, if any, or, if there be more than one Vice President, any Vice President designated by the Trustees shall perform all the duties and may exercise any of the powers of the President, subject to the control of the Trustees. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties as may be assigned to him or her from time to time by the Trustees or the President. Any Vice President shall be authorized to sign documents on behalf of the Trust.

5.6. CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD. The Chairman shall, if present, preside at meetings of the Shareholders and the Trustees, and shall, subject to the control of the Trustees, have general supervision, direction and control of the business and the officers of the Trust and exercise and perform such other powers and duties as may be from time to time assigned to him by the Trustees or prescribed by the Declaration of Trust or these By-Laws. In the absence of the Chairman, the Vice Chairman, if such an officer is elected, shall assume all powers and duties assigned to the Chairman hereunder.


5.7. TREASURER. The Treasurer shall be the chief financial officer and accounting officer of the Trust, and shall, subject to the provisions of the Declaration of Trust and to any arrangement made by the Trustees with a custodian, investment adviser or manager or transfer, shareholder servicing or similar agent, be in charge of the valuable papers, books of account and accounting records of the Trust, and shall have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the Trustees or by the President. The Treasurer shall be authorized to sign documents on behalf of the Trust. He shall render to the Board of Trustees, whenever directed by the Board, an account of the financial condition of the Trust and of all his transactions as Treasurer. He shall cause to be prepared annually a full and correct statement of the affairs of the Trust, including a balance sheet and a statement of operations for the preceding fiscal year. He shall perform all the acts incidental to the office of Treasurer, subject to the control of the Board of Trustees.

5.8. SECRETARY. The Secretary shall record all proceedings of the Shareholders and the Trustees in books to be kept therefor, which books or a copy thereof shall be kept at the principal office of the Trust. In the absence of the Secretary from any meeting of the Shareholders or Trustees, an assistant secretary or, if there be none or if he or she is absent, a temporary secretary chosen at such meeting shall record the proceedings thereof in the aforesaid books. The Secretary shall be authorized to sign documents on behalf of the Trust.

5.9. CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER. The Chief Compliance Officer shall be responsible for administering the Trust’s compliance policies and procedures as required by Rule 38a-1 under the 1940 Act and may have such other duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by the Trustees. The designation and compensation of the Chief Compliance Officer must be approved by the Trustees, including a majority of the Trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust, as defined by the 1940 Act. The Chief Compliance Officer shall be authorized to sign documents on behalf of the Trust.

5.10. RESIGNATIONS AND REMOVALS. Any officer may resign at any time by written instrument signed by him or her and delivered to the Chairman, the President or the Secretary or to a meeting of the Trustees. Such resignation shall be effective upon receipt unless specified to be effective at some other time. The Trustees may remove any officer with or without cause. Except to the extent expressly provided in a written agreement with the Trust, no officer resigning and no officer removed shall have any right to any compensation for any period following his or her resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal.

5.11. SUBORDINATE OFFICERS. A Vice President, the Secretary or the Treasurer may appoint an Assistant Vice President, an Assistant Secretary or an Assistant Treasurer, respectively, to serve subject to ratification by the Board at its next regular meeting.

5.12. VACANCIES IN OFFICES . Any vacancy in any of the offices, whether by resignation, removal or otherwise, may be filled by the President. A vacancy in the office of Assistant Vice President may be filled by a Vice President; in the office of Assistant Secretary by the Secretary; or in the office of Assistant Treasurer by the Treasurer. Any appointment to fill any vacancy shall serve subject to ratification by the Board at its next regular meeting.

5.13. COMPENSATION. The salaries or other compensation of all officers and agents of the Trust shall be fixed by the Board of Trustees, except that the Board of Trustees may delegate to any person or group of persons the power to fix the salary or other compensation of any subordinate officers or agents appointed pursuant to Section 1 of this Article 5.


ARTICLE 6

Committees

6.1. COMMITTEES. The Board of Trustees may by resolution passed by a majority of the entire Board appoint from among its members an Executive Committee and other committees composed of two or more Trustees, and may delegate to such committees, in the intervals between meetings of the Board of Trustees, any or all of the powers of the Board of Trustees in the management of the business and affairs of the Trust.

6.2. ACTION OF COMMITTEES. In the absence of an appropriate resolution of the Board of Trustees, each committee may adopt such rules and regulations governing its proceedings, quorum and manner of acting as it shall deem proper and desirable, provided that the quorum shall not be less than two trustees. The committees shall keep minutes of their proceedings and shall report the same to the Board of Trustees at the meeting next succeeding, and any action by the committee shall be subject to revision and alteration by the Board of Trustees, provided that no rights of third persons shall be affected by any such revision or alteration. In the absence of any member of such committee, the members thereof present at any meeting, whether or not they constitute a quorum, may appoint a member of the Board of Trustees to act in the place of such absent member.

ARTICLE 7

Reports

7.1. GENERAL. The Trustees and officers shall render reports at the time and in the manner required by the Declaration of Trust or any applicable law. Officers and Committees shall render such additional reports as they may deem desirable or as may from time to time be required by the Trustees.

ARTICLE 8

Fiscal Year

8.1. GENERAL. The fiscal year of the Trust and each Series shall be as designated from time to time by the Board. The fiscal year of the Trust and each Series may be refixed or changed, from time to time, by resolution of the Board.

ARTICLE 9

Seal

9.1. GENERAL. The Trust shall have no seal.

ARTICLE 10

Execution of Papers

10.1. GENERAL. Except as the Trustees may generally or in particular cases authorize the execution thereof in some other manner, all checks, deeds, leases, contracts, notes, drafts and other obligations made by the Trustees shall be signed by the Chairman, if any, the President, any Vice President or the Treasurer or any of such other officers or agents as shall be designated for that purpose by a vote of the Trustees.


ARTICLE 11

Share Certificates

11.1. SHARE CERTIFICATES. No certificates certifying the ownership of Shares shall be issued except as the Trustees may otherwise authorize.

In lieu of issuing certificates for Shares, the Trustees or the transfer agent may either issue receipts therefore or may keep accounts upon the books of the Trust for the record holders of such Shares, who shall in either case be deemed, for all purposes hereunder, to be the holders of certificates for such Shares as if they had accepted such certificates and shall be held to have expressly assented and agreed to the terms hereof.

11.2. RECORDING AND TRANSFER WITHOUT CERTIFICATES. The Trust shall have the full power to participate in any program approved by the Board of Trustees providing for the recording and transfer of ownership of the Trust’s shares by electronic or other means without the issuance of certificates.

11.3. TRANSFER OF SHARES. Transfers of shares of beneficial interest of the Trust shall be made on the books of the Trust by the holder of record thereof (in person or by his attorney thereunto duly authorized by a power of attorney duly executed in writing and filed with the Secretary of the Trust).

11.4. REGISTERED HOLDERS. The Trust shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by applicable law or the Declaration of Trust.

11.5. TRANSFER AGENTS AND REGISTRARS. The Board of Trustees may, from time to time, appoint or remove transfer agents and or registrars of the Trust, and they may appoint the same person as both transfer agent and registrar. Upon any such appointment being made, all certificates representing shares of beneficial interest thereafter issued shall be countersigned by such transfer agent and shall not be valid unless so countersigned.

ARTICLE 12

Provisions Relating to the Conduct of the Trust’s Business

12.1. DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE PER SHARE. Net asset value per Share of each series or class of Shares of the Trust shall be determined at the times and in the manner specified from time to time by the Trustees.

12.2. CUSTODIANSHIP. Except as otherwise provided by resolution of the Board of Trustees, the Trust shall place and at all times maintain in the custody of a custodian (including any sub-custodian for the custodian) all funds, securities and similar investments owned by the Trust. Subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, the custodian may enter into arrangements with securities depositories, provided such arrangements comply with the provisions of the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder.


ARTICLE 13

Indemnification

13.1. AGENTS, PROCEEDINGS AND EXPENSES. For the purpose of this Article 13, “agent” means any person who is or was a trustee or officer of this Trust and any person who, while a trustee or officer of this Trust, is or was serving at the request of this Trust as a trustee, director, officer, partner, employee, or agent of another foreign or domestic corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise; “Trust” includes any domestic or foreign predecessor entity of this Trust in a merger, consolidation, or other transaction in which the predecessor’s existence ceased upon consummation of the transaction; “proceeding” means any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, or investigative; and “expenses” includes without limitation attorney’s fees and any expenses of establishing a right to indemnification under this Article.

13.2. ACTIONS OTHER THAN BY THE TRUST. This Trust shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding (other than an action by or in the right of this Trust) by reason of the fact that such person is or was an agent of this Trust, against expenses, judgments, fines, settlements, attorney’s fees and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with such proceeding, if it is determined that person acted in good faith and reasonably believed: (a) in the case of conduct in his official capacity as an agent of the Trust, that his conduct was in the Trust’s best interests and (b) in all other cases, that his conduct was at least not opposed to the Trust’s best interests and (c) in the case of a criminal proceeding, that he had no reasonable cause to believe the conduct of that person was unlawful. The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order or settlement shall not of itself create a presumption that the person did not meet the requisite standard of conduct set forth in this Section. The termination of any proceeding by conviction, or a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, or an entry of an order of probation prior to judgment, creates a rebuttable presumption that the person did not meet the requisite standard of conduct set forth in this Section.

13.3. ACTIONS BY THE TRUST. This Trust shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any proceeding by or in the right of this Trust to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that that person is or was an agent of this Trust, against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by that person in connection with the defense or settlement of that action if that person acted in good faith, in a manner that person believed to be in the best interests of this Trust and with such care, including reasonable inquiry, as an ordinarily prudent person in a like position would use under similar circumstances.

13.4. EXCLUSION OF INDEMNIFICATION. Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein, there shall be no right to indemnification for any liability arising by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or the reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of the agent’s office with this Trust.

No indemnification shall be made under Section 2 or 3 of this Article 13:

 

  (a) In respect of any proceeding as to which that person shall have been adjudged to be liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received by him, whether or not the benefit resulted from an action taken in the person’s official capacity; or

 

  (b) In respect of any proceeding as to which that person shall have been adjudged to be liable in the performance of that person’s duty to this Trust, unless and only to the extent that the court in which that action was brought shall determine upon application that in view of all the relevant circumstances of the case, that person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for the expenses which the court shall determine; however, in such case, indemnification with respect to any proceeding by or in the right of the Trust or in which liability shall have been adjudged by reason of the disabling conduct set forth in the preceding paragraph shall be limited to expenses; or


  (c) Of amounts paid in settling or otherwise disposing of a proceeding, with or without court approval, or of expenses incurred in defending a proceeding which is settled or otherwise disposed of without court approval, unless the required approval set forth in Section 6 of this Article is obtained.

13.5. SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE BY AGENT. To the extent that an agent of this Trust has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding referred to in Sections 2 or 3 of this Article 13 before the court or other body before whom the proceeding was brought, the agent shall be indemnified against expenses actually and reasonably incurred by the agent in connection therewith, provided that the Board of Trustees, including a majority who are disinterested, non-party trustees, also determines that based upon a review of the facts, the agent was not liable by reason of the disabling conduct referred to in Section 4 of this Article.

13.6. REQUIRED APPROVAL. Except as provided in Section 5 of this Article 13, any indemnification under this Article 13 shall be made by this Trust only if authorized in the specific case on a determination that indemnification of the agent is proper in the circumstances because the agent has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Section 2 or 3 of this Article 13 and is not prohibited from indemnification because of the disabling conduct set forth in Section 4 of this Article 13, by:

 

  (a) A majority vote of a quorum consisting of trustees who are not parties to the proceeding and are not interested persons of the Trust (as defined in the 1940 Act);

 

  (b) A written opinion by an independent legal counsel; or

 

  (c) The shareholders; however, shares held by agents who are parties to the proceeding may not be voted on the subject matter under this Sub-Section.

13.7. ADVANCE OF EXPENSES. Expenses incurred in defending any proceeding may be advanced by this Trust before the final disposition of the proceeding if:

 

  (a) Receipt of a written affirmation by the agent of his good faith belief that he has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification under this Article and a written undertaking by or on behalf of the agent, such undertaking being an unlimited general obligation to repay the amount of the advance if it is ultimately determined that he has not met those requirements, and

 

  (b) A determination that the facts then known to those making the determination would not preclude indemnification under this Article.

Determinations and authorizations of payments under this Section must be made in the manner specified in Section 6 of this Article 13 for determining that the indemnification is permissible.

13.8. OTHER CONTRACTUAL RIGHTS. Nothing contained in this Article 13 shall affect any right to indemnification to which persons other than Trustees and officers of this Trust or any subsidiary hereof may be entitled by contract or otherwise.


13.9. LIMITATIONS. No indemnification or advance shall be made under this Article 13, except as provided in Sections 5 or 6, in any circumstances where it appears:

 

  (a) That it would be inconsistent with a provision of the Declaration of Trust, a resolution of the shareholders, or an agreement in effect at the time of accrual of the alleged cause of action asserted in the proceeding in which the expenses were incurred or other amounts were paid which prohibits or otherwise limits indemnification; or

 

  (b) That it would be inconsistent with any condition expressly imposed by a court in approving a settlement.

13.10. INSURANCE. Upon and in the event of a determination by the Board of Trustees of this Trust to purchase such insurance, this Trust shall purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any agent or employee of this Trust against any liability asserted against or incurred by the agent or employee in such capacity or arising out of the agent’s or employee’s status as such to the fullest extent permitted by law.

13.11. FIDUCIARIES OF EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLAN. This Article 13 does not apply to any proceeding against any trustee, investment manager or other fiduciary of an employee benefit plan in that person’s capacity as such, even though that person may also be an agent of this Trust as defined in Section 1 of this Article 13. Nothing contained in this Article 13 shall limit any right to indemnification to which such a trustee, investment manager, or other fiduciary may be entitled by contract or otherwise which shall be enforceable to the extent permitted by applicable law other than this Article 13.

ARTICLE 14

Amendments to the By-Laws

14.1. GENERAL. These By-Laws may be restated and/or amended at any time, without the approval of the Shareholders, by a majority vote of the then Board.

Date: November 7, 2013